C CF Introduction To Antenna 20071030 A 3.0

 

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C-CF Introduction to Antenna ISSUE 3.0 www.huawei.com

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The antenna builds the bridge between user terminals and base control devices in mobile communications field. It is widely used in the mobile communications and the wireless access system. The rapid development of the antenna greatly  promotes its technology innovation. innovation. It is important to deeply grasp the antenna technology, which is useful to:

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Install and maintain products.

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Promote the network planning.

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Target After learning the course, you can learn the following items: 

Working principle prin ciple

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Antenna classification

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Electrical index and mechanical index

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Chapter 1 Working Principle Chapter 2 Classification Chapter 3 Electrical Index Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Diagram of the base antenna and feeder system 1 Adjus Adjusting ting brac bracket ket

Ante An tenn nna a po pole le ( 50~114mm)

3 Weather-proof connection PVC material , Insulation sealing sealing tape, PVC insulation tape tape

Board-like antenna 4 Groun rounding ding device device Main Ma in feed feeder er (7/8”)

9 Ind Indoor oor sup super er fle flexib xible le jumper jumper 2 Outdoo utdoorr feede feederr

Cablin ling g Rac Rack k (Fram (Frame) e) 6 Cab

8 Light Lightning ning arreste arresterr 5 Fee eeder der fix fixing ing cli clip p 7 Cable Cable-thr -through ough window

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Ma Main in eq equi uipm pmen entt of BT BTS S

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Working Principle 

When the conducting cable carries the alternating current, the electromagnetic wave radiation can be formed.

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If two conducting cables are close, the directions of their current are opposite, and the electromotive force is counteracted, the radiation becomes week.

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If two conducting cables are open, the directions of their current are the same. Thus the radiation becomes strong.

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When the length of the conducting cable is like the wavelength, the current on the cable will be enhanced.

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Thus the radiation becomes strong. The straight conducting cable which can generate the strong radiation is called the dipole. dipole.

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The pole whose two arms are of the same length (1/4 Wavelength) is called as dipole or half-wave-length

dipole.

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Half-Wave length Dipole The pol The olee wh who ose two ar arms ms are of the sa sam me le len ngt gth h (1/4 Wavele len ngt gth) h) is call lleed as dip ipo ole or hal half-wa f-wavel veleng ength th dip dipole ole..

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Inside Structure of Antenna Antenna

What is happen in these antennas?

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Chapter 1 Working Principle Chapter 2 Classification Chapter 3 Electrical Index Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Classification: Based on Radiation Direction

Directional antenna

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Omn Om ni ante antenn nnaa

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Classification: Based on Figure

Cap-like antenna

Board-like antenna

Indoor distribution system

Scourge-like antenna

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Paraboloid-like antenna

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Classification: Based on Polarization Mode

Single-Polarized HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD LTD..

Dual-Polarized

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horizontally polarized: E phasor (electric field phasor [vector]) is parallel to the earth/horizontal plane Vertically polarized: E vector parallel to vertical plane

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Chapter 1 Working Principle Chapter 2 Classification Chapter 3 Electrical Index Chapter 4 Mechanical Index

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Electrical Index

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The units of the antenna gain are dBi and dBd.

dBi: Gain based on the isotropic radiator reference / dBd: Gain based on the dipole reference

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dBi = dBd + 2.15

+ Pattern Patte rn of half-wa half-wave ve dipole

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HPBW (Half Power Beam width)

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Patterns of typical base station antennas

Base Station Direction Antenna Pattern

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Mechanical Down Tilt and Electrical Down Tilt Tilt •

Mechanical down tilt

Mechanical down tilt Limitations: It is recommend that mechanical down tilt is less than 15 degrees •

Electrical down tilt

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 Normal Value: Value: VSWR