Business Communication For Managers 2nd Edition Payal Mehra
July 30, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` ajr Lm`mcirs Vifj`h Ihgtgj`
Xogs pmci gs g`ti`tgj`mkky kiat bkm`e
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` ajr Lm`mcirs Vifj`h Ihgtgj`
^MWMK LIORM G`hgm` G`stgtuti ja Lm`mcili`t Kufe`jw
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Brgia Fj`ti`ts
^riamfi Mbjut toi Mutojr Mutojr
xgx xxvgg
=. G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtg =. Fjllu`gfmtgj` j`
=
2. Xoijrgis ja G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` 2.
66
6. G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj 6. Fjllu`gfmtgj``
99
8. M`mkysg`c Xrm`s 8. Xrm`smftgj`s4 mftgj`s4 Xoi Y`gts ja Fjllu`gfmtgj`
?=
9. Xoi Km`cumci ja ^irsumsgj 9. ^irsumsgj``
73
1. Fjllu`gfmtg`c g` m Hgvirsi Sjre I`vgrj`li`t 1.
==2
3. Frgsgs Fjllu`gfmtg 3. Fjllu`gfmtgj` j` Vtrmticgis
=66
?. Busg`iss Liitg`cs m`h @icjtgmtgj`s ?.
=83
7. ^ripmrg`c m`h Hikgvirg`c ^risi`tmtgj 7. ^risi`tmtgj`s `s
=38
=>. G`trjhuft =>. G`trjhuftgj` gj` tj Busg`iss Srgtg`c
2=9
==. Xoi Srgtg`c Vtrmticy ==.
286
=2. Busg`iss Kittirs, Liljrm`huls =2. Liljrm`huls,, m`h I-lmgks
211
=6. ^km``g`c, Fjlpjsg`c, m`h Srgtg`c Ripjrts =6.
271
=8. Ilpkjyli`t Fjllu`gfmtg =8. Fjllu`gfmtgj` j`
66>
Mppi`hgx =
697
Mppi`hgx 2
61?
Mppi`hgx 6
617
Mppi`hgx 8
63=
Mppi`hgx 9
67>
Mppi`hgx 1
672
Mppi`hgx 3
676
G`hix
677
Xogs pmci gs g`ti`tgj`mkky kiat bkm`e
Fj`ti`ts
^riamfi xgx ^riamfi Mbjut toi Mutojr Mutojr xxvgg
=
=. G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Iaaiftgvi Fjllu`gfmtgj`
2
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.= 6
Cjmks ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` ❊
6
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 6
J`i-wmy m`h Xwj-wmy Fjllu`gfmtgj`
8
Hgriftgj`s ja Fjllu`gfmtgj`
8
Fom``iks ja Fjllu`gfmtgj`
8
Litojhs ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` 9 Kg`is ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` 3
Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjres
@iw Fjllu`gfmtgj` Lihgm
Qirbmk m`h @j`-virbmk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` =>
3 ?
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =.= =.= => Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.2 =.2 ==
Xoi Crmpivg`i Crmpivg`i =2
Lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` m`h Fjllu`gfmtgj` Amgkuris
Bmrrgirs tj Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` =6 Xoi @jgsi Bmrrgir =6 Xoi Aiihbmfe ^rjbkil ^rjbkil =8 Xoi ^rjbkil ja Lihgm Vikiftgj` Vikiftgj` =9 Li`tmk Li`t mk Bmrrgirs Bmrrgirs =9 Xoi ^rjbkils ja Km`cumci m`h Mrtgfukmtgj` Mrtgfukmtgj` =1 ^oysgfmkk Bmrrgirs ^oysgfm Bmrrgirs =? ^irsj`mk Bmrrgirs Bmrrgirs =? Fukturmk Fuktur mk Bmrrgirs Bmrrgirs =? G`tirpirsj`mk G`t irpirsj`mk Bmrrgirs Bmrrgirs =? G`ajrlmtgj` Jvirkjmh =7 ^mssgvi Kgsti`g`c =7
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Brimehjw`4 Vivi` Fmrhg`mk Lgstmeis Lm`mcirs Lmei Lmei 2> Fjllu`gfmtg`c Sgtojut Mhiqumti ^ripmrmtgj` ^ripmrmtgj` 2> Y`hiristglmtg`c toi G`tikkgci`fi ja toi Muhgi`fi Muhgi`fi 2= Ysg`c G`mpprjprgmti Fom``iks ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 2= Bikgivg`c tomt Sjrhs Vpime Kjuhir tom` Mftgj`s Mftgj`s 2=
=2
Kgsti`g`c J`ky tj Cjjh @iws @iws 2= ^kmyg`c Cuissg`c Cmlis wgto Ilpkjyiis Ilpkjyiis 2= Rmriky Xmkeg`c tj Ilpkjyiis Ilpkjyiis 2=
vggg vggg
Fj`ti`ts
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =.2 =.2 22
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bmrrgirs m`h Xifo`jkjcy Xifo`jkjcy 22
Amfgkgtmtg`c Iaaiftgvi Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 22 Hivikjp m Ci`ug`i Hisgri tj Fjllu`gfmti Fjllu`gfmti 22 Y`hirstm`h J`isika m`h Jtoirs Jtoirs 22 I`fjurmci m` Jpi` Fkglmti Fkglmti 26 Hivikjp Vtrj`c G`tir`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`s Fjllu`gfmtgj`s 26
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.6 =.6 26
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtrmticy Vtrmticy 28
Vullmry 21 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 21 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 23 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis Ixirfgsis 2? Aurtoir Rimhg`c 27 I`h`jtis 27 I`h`jtis
2. Xoijrgis ja G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
G`trjhuftgj` 66 G`trjhuftgj` ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 66 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Jrcm`gzmtgj` ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtuhgis
Mttrgbutgj` Xoijry Xoijry 69
Mrculi`tmtgj` Xoijry Xoijry 69
Mhmptgvi Vtrufturmtgj` Xoijry (MVX)
Fkmssgfmk Roitjrgf Roitjrgf 63
Fj`tmcgj` Xoijry Xoijry 6?
Fjc`gtgvi Hgssj`m`fi Xoijry Xoijry 67
Ikmbjrmtgj` Kgeikgojjh Ljhik
I`mftli`t Xoijry Xoijry 8>
Armlg`c 8= Armlg`c
68
63
67
Crjuptog`e 8= Bytis 2.= Crjuptog`e Fjllu`gfmtgj` 2.= 82
G`tirpritmtgvi m`h G`tirmftgj` Xoijrgis Xoijrgis 82
Km`cumci Ixpiftm`fy Xoijry Xoijry 82
@itwjre Xoijry m`h M`mkysgs
Ljhik ja Xixt Fjlprioi`sgj` Fjlprioi`sgj` 88
^rglg`c 88 ^rglg`c
Lihgm Rgfo`iss m`h Lihgm @mturmk`iss Xoijrgis Xoijrgis 88
Rihufih Vjfgmk Fuis Mpprjmfo Mpprjmfo 89
Vjfgmk ^risi`fi Xoijry
Vilgjtgfs 81 Vilgjtgfs
Vi`si-lmeg`c 81 Vi`si-lmeg`c
81
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 2.= 2.= 81
Vylbjkgf G`tirmftgj`gsl G`tirmftgj`gsl 83
86
66
Fj`ti`ts
Vpiifo Mft ^oi`jli`m
8?
Y`firtmg`ty Rihuftgj` Xoijry Xoijry 87
Vullmry 87 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 9> Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 9> Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis Ixirfgsis 9= Aurtoir Rimhg`c 9= I`h`jtis 96 I`h`jtis
99
6. G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
G`trjhuftgj` 99 G`trjhuftgj`
Hiag`g`c G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 91
M` Ivjkvg`c Ljhik ajr G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 91
^rg`fgpkis ja G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 93
Bmrrgirs tj G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 93 ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 1> ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Rikmtgj`mk Hivikjpli`t4 Xoi Rjki ja G`tirpirsj`mk Vilm`tgfs Xoi Jpi` Mrim jr toi Mri`m Mri`m 1=
1>
Xoi Bkg`h Mrim Mrim 1= Xoi Amfmhi Amfmhi 1= Xoi Y`e`jw` Mrim Mrim 12
Lm`mcirgmk Glpkgfmtgj`s ja toi Djomrg Sg`hjw
12
Djomrg Sg`hjw, Xufelm` Xufelm` Ljhik, m`h Ximl Hivikjpli`t Ajrlg`c 18 Vtjrlg`c 18 @jrlg`c 19 ^irajrlg`c 19
Iljtgj`mk G`tikkgci`fi
18
11
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 6.= 6.= 1?
Cittg`c Mkj`c wgto Jtoirs
1?
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 6.= 6.= 17
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtykis Vtykis 17 G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Y`hir Vtriss Vtriss 17 Agcot jr Akgcot 3> Bmsis ajr Vikiftg`c m Fj`flgft Fjllu`gfmtgj` Ljhi Fj`flgft Risjkutgj` m`h Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` 3= Big`c Mssirtgvi Mssirtgvi 3=
3>
Vullmry 38 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 38 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 38 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis Ixirfgsis 31 Aurtoir Rimhg`c 33 I`h`jtis 33 I`h`jtis
8. M`mkysg`c Xrm`smftgj`s4 Xrm`smftgj`s4 Xoi Y`gts ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` G`trjhuftgj` ?= G`trjhuftgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 8.= 8.= ?=
?=
gx
x
Fj`ti`ts
Xoi Rjki ja G`tj`mtgj` G`tj`mtgj` ?2
Vtrjeis ?2 Vtrjeis
Xoi Xorii Icj Vtmtis Vtmtis ?2 Xoi ^mri`t Vtmti ?6 Xoi Fogkh Vtmti ?6 ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t ?8 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Xoi Mhukt Vtmti
?8
M`mkysg`c Xrm`smftgj`s Xrm`smftgj`s ?8 Fjlpkili`tmry Xrm`smftgj`s Xrm`smftgj`s ?8 Frjssih Xrm`smftgj` Xrm`smftgj` ?9 Hupkix jr Yktirgjr Xrm`smftgj`s ?9
Xrm`smftgj`mk M`mkysgs m`h Busg`iss Busg`iss ?9
Ojw tj Lm`mci Fj`virsmtgj`s Fj`virsmtgj`s ?1
Vtrufturmk M`mkysgs
Y`hirstm`hg`c Icj Vtmtis Vtmtis ?3 Fogkh Vtmti Vtmti ?3
?1
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 8.= 8.= ??
^mri`t Vtmti Vtmti ??
Mhukt Vtmti Vtmti ?? Firtmg` Ombgts ja G`iaaiftgvi Fj`virsmtgj`mkgsts Fj`virsmtgj`mkgsts ??
Vullmry ?7 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci ?7 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci ?7 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsi Ixirfgsi 76 Aurtoir Rimhg`c 76 I`h`jtis 76 I`h`jtis
73
9. Xoi Km`cumci Km`cumci ja ^irsumsgj`
G`trjhuftgj` 73 G`trjhuftgj`
Mttgtuhis, Bikgias, Qmkuis, m`h Biomvgjur Biomvgjur 73
Xoi ^rjfiss ja ^irsumsgj` ^irsumsgj` 73 Vtip =4 M`mkysi toi Muhgi`fi Muhgi`fi 7? Vtip 24 Vicli`t toi Muhgi`fi Muhgi`fi 7? Vtip 64 Hitirlg`i Vpifgf ^irsumsgvi Xifo`gquis Xifo`g quis ajr Vpifgf Muhgi`fis Muhgi`fis 7? G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 9.= 9.= 77
Vtip 84 Fjllgt toi Muhgi`fi tj Mftgj` Vtip 94 Ajkkjw Yp 77
Bmrrgirs tj ^irsumsgj` ^irsumsgj` 77 ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 77 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
^irsumsgj` Vtrmticgis Mt Sjre
=>>
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 9.= =>6
Roitjrgf =>6 Itojs =>6 ^mtojs =>8 ^mtojs Kjcjs =>8
Mcrii tj Hgsmcrii Rimsj`mbky
=>9
77
Fj`ti`ts
Vullmry =>1 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci =>1 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci =>1 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis =>3 Aurtoir Rimhg`c =>3 I`h`jtis =>? I`h`jtis
G`trjhuftgj` ==2 G`trjhuftgj`
Fukturi ==6 Fukturi ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t ==6 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 1.=
==2
1. Fjllu`gfmtg`c g` m Hgvirsi Sjre I`vgrj`li`t
==6
Ogirmrfoy m`h Vtmtus ==8 Ximlwjre virsus G`hgvghumkgsl ^u`ftumkgty ==8
==8
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 1.= ==9
Xifo`jkjcy ==9 Fukturmk Fj`tixts ==9 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 1.2
Fj`fipts ja Fukturi ==1 G`tir`mtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` ==3 Hgrift virsus G`hgrift Fjllu`gfmtgj` Mffi`tss m`h Akui`fy ==3 Mffi`t Fomg` ja Fjllm`h ==3 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 1.6
==1
==7
^oysgfmk Mspifts ==7 @j`-virbmk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
==7
^rjvirbs m`h Fukturi
G`tirfukturmk Fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h toi Sjrepkmfi G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 1.8
=2>
Vullmry =23 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci =23 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci =23 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis =2? Aurtoir Rimhg`c =2? I`h`jtis =2? I`h`jtis
=66
3. Frgsgs Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtrmticgis G`trjhuftgj` =66 G`trjhuftgj`
Fj`fiptumk Y`hirstm`hg`c ja m Frgsgs G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 3.=
=21
=21
=2>
=26
Fukturmk Fj`flgfts =26 Fukturmk Risjkvg`c Fukturmk Fj`flgfts =28 Sjreg`c Wjur Smy Jut ja Fomkki`cis G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 1.9
==3
Himkg`c wgto m Frgsgs
=66
=69
=61
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 3.= =61
Frgsgs Fjllu`gfmtgj`4 M Xoijritgfmk Ljhik
=63
xg
xgg xgg
Fj`ti`ts
Rjki ja G`tir`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`s g` m Frgsgs ❊
=63
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t =6? ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Vjli Ixmlpkis ja Fjlpm`gis g` Frgsgs =6? Xjyjtm Ljtjr Fjrpjrmtgj` =67 Lmrutg Vuzueg Vuzueg =67 Lmttik Lmtt ik =67 Fmhbury =8> @jegm =8=
Vullmry =82 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci =86 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci =86 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis =86 Aurtoir Rimhg`c =88 I`h`jtis =88 I`h`jtis
?. Busg`iss Liitg`cs m`h m`h @icjtgmtgj`s @icjtgmtgj`s
G`trjhuftgj` =83 G`trjhuftgj`
Liitg`cs4 M Smsti ja Xgli: G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis ?.=
=83
=83
=8?
Liitg`cs4 Hiag`gtgj` m`h Xypis =8? Vegp Kivik Liitg`cs =87 Vtm`h-up Liitg`cs jr toi Hmgky Vfrul =9> ^irajrlm`fi Mpprmgsmk Liitg`cs =89 M``umk Ci`irmk Ci`irmk Liitg`cs Liitg`cs =9>
Eiy Mttrgbutis ja m ^rjhuftgvi Liitg`c
M Xi`tmtgvi Ljhik ja toi ^rjfiss ja Liitg`c
Liitg`c Itgquitti
=92 =92
=98
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis ?.= =98 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis ?.2
=99
Hj‗s m`h Hj`‗ts g` m Liitg`c
Om`hkg`c Hgsruptgj`s g` Liitg`cs
=99 =91
Xoi Vghi Xmkeirs =91 Xoi Rmlbkirs =91 Xoi Mccrissjrs =91 Xoi Jppj`i`ts =93 Xoi Smkkfljwirs =93
Xoi Mci`hm m`h Lg`utis ja m Liitg`c
Fomkki`cis Biajri Lm`mcirs
@icjtgmtgj` =97 ^km``g`c ajr toi @icjtgmtgj` =1> ^jwir Bmsis g` G`flui`fg`c m @icjtgmtgj` ^rjfiss =1= ^risi`tmtgj` ja Amfts m`h Ivghi`fi =1= Bmrrgirs tj toi @icjtgmtgj` ^rjfiss =12 Mpprjmfois Mppr jmfois tj @icjtgm @icjtgmtgj` tgj` m`h toi Rjki ja Fjllu`gfmtgj Fjllu`gfmtgj` ` =12 @icjtgmtgj` Vilm`tgfs =16 ❊
=9?
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t =18 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Vullmry =18 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci
=93
=19
Fj`ti`ts
Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci =19 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis =11 Aurtoir Rimhg`c =11 I`h`jtis =13 I`h`jtis
G`trjhuftgj` =38 G`trjhuftgj` Glpjrtm`fi ja ^risi`tmtgj`s
Xypis ja ^risi`tmtgj`s
Fjllj` ^rjbkils wgto ^risi`tmtgj`s
Xoi Fi`trmk Xi`its ja ^risi`tmtgj`s ❊
=38
7. ^ripmrg`c m`h m`h Hikgvirg`c ^risi`tmtgj`s =38
=39 =39 =31
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t =31 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
]umkgtgis ja m` Iaaiftgvi ^risi`tir
^risi`tmtgj` Vtrmticgis ^urpjsi =3? Muhgi`fi =?= Fj`tixt =?8 Xifo`gqui =?9
^ripmrmtgj` m`h G`ajrlmtgj` Hikgviry =?9 =?9 Fjkkiftg`c Jrcm`gzg`c G`ajrlmtgj` =?1
=33
=3?
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 7.= =?3
Vtrufturi ja m ^risi`tmtgj`
=??
Jpi`g`c, Fkjsg`c, m`h Vustmg`g`c toi ^risi`tmtgj` Xoi Jpi`g`c =7>
=7>
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 7.2 =7=
Xoi Lghhki Xoi I`hg`c
=72 =78
Cittg`c Rimhy tj Hikgvir m ^risi`tmtgj` =79 Hikgviry Jutkg`i =79 Vtmci Argcot m`h Vpiifo M`xgity =71 Ojw tj Himk wgto Vtmci Argcot Vuffissaukky =71 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 7.=
=73
M` Ghimk Ghimk ^risi`tir ^risi`tir =73 Bjhy Km`cumci m`h ^risi`tmtgj`s =7? Qgsumk Fuis 2>= Qjfmk m`h Qirbmk I`om`fili`ts g` m ^risi`tmtgj` Om`hkg`c ]uistgj`s 2>8 ^ripmrg`c Qgsumk Mghs 2>1
Vullmry 2>7 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 2=> Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 2=> Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 2== Aurtoir Rimhg`c 2=2 I`h`jtis 2=2 I`h`jtis
=>. G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Busg`iss Srgtg`c Srgtg`c
G`trjhuftgj` 2=9 G`trjhuftgj`
^jjr Srgtg`c m`h Kgmbgkgty
2=1
2>8
2=9
xggg
xgv
Fj`ti`ts
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =>.=
2=1
Xifo`jkjcy m`h Srgtg`c
Mfmhilgf Srgtg`c m`h Busg`iss Srgtg`c ❊
2=3 2=?
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 2=7 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Rjmhbkjfes tj Srgtg`c j` toi Djb
2=7
Ihufmtgj`mk Bmrrgirs 2=7 Ihufmtgj`mk ^rjaissgj`mk ^rjais sgj`mk Bmrrgirs 22>
Crmllmr 22> Crmllmr ^u`ftumtgj`4 ^u`ftumtgj `4 Bmfecrju`h 22> Fjllms U,\ 22> Fjkj`s U4\ 22= Vilgfjkj`s U5\ 222 G`virtih G`vi rtih Fjllms U‟/‗ m`h ‛/“\ 226 I` Hmsois m`h Il Hmsois U‖ m`h ‘\
Hivikjpg`c Sjrhs, Vi`ti`fis, m`h ^mrmcrmpos Ysi Fj`friti Sjrhs 226 Ysi Dmrcj` wgto Fmri 228 Ysi Mftgvi Qirbs 228 Ysi G m`h Si Fjrriftky 229
226
226
Mvjgh Hgsfrglg`mtjry Mvjgh Hgsfrglg`mtjry Km`cumci 229 Hivikjpg`c Vi`ti`fis 221 Vi`ti`fis4 Xoi Kj`c m`h Vojrt ja Gt 223 Hgrift m`h G`hgrift Vtmtili`ts 22? ^jsgtgvi m`h @icmtgvi Ixprissgj`s 227 Jrcm`gzg`c ^mrmcrmpos 227 Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =>.= 26=
Lissmcis 26= Lissmcis Vi`hir-fi`trgf m`h Rifigvir-fi`trgf Lissmcis 26= G`ajrlmtgj` ^mttir`s 26=
Hjfuli`t Kmyjut 268 Oimhg`cs m`h Vub-oimhg`cs 268 Fou`eg`c 269 Sogti Vpmfi 269
Xypjcrmpoy 269 Rimhmbgkgty4 Ojw Fkimr Gs Wjur Srgtg`c:
Srgtti` Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` m Luktgfukturmk I`vgrj`li`t
Itogfmk Srgtg`c ^rmftgfis
263
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =>.2
263
269 261
Vullmry 26? Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 26? Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 26? Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 267 Aurtoir Rimhg`c 267 I`h`jtis 28> I`h`jtis
286
==. Xoi Srgtg`c Vtrmticy G`trjhuftgj` 286 G`trjhuftgj` Ikili`ts ja m Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtrmticy ^urpjsi 286
286
Fj`ti`ts
❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 288 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Muhgi`fi M`mkysgs M`mkysgs 288 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis ==.=
281
Fj`tixt 281
Xoi Lissmci
283
Hgrift m`h G`hgrift Mpprjmfois
Armlg`c4 M` Glpjrtm`t Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vegkk Xoi Li`tmk Lmp 292 Lg`tjj‗s ^yrmlgh ^rg`fgpki 298 Lg`t
^mrts ja m Hjfuli`t 299 Xoi Qmkui ja G`trjhuftgj`s 299 Xoi Lghhki Viftgj` ja m Hjfuli`t H jfuli`t 299 Xoi Fj`fkusgj` ja m Hjfuli`t 291
Kjcgf, Jrcm`gzmtgj`, m`h ^irsumsgj` g` Srgtg`c Kjcgf 293 Kjcgf Jrcm`gzmtgj` 29? Jrcm`gzmtgj`
28? 287
293
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis ==.= 297
^irsumsgj` g` Srgtg`c 297
Vgtumtgj` Vtmtili`t
21>
Vullmry 21> Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 21= Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 21= Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 21= Aurtoir Rimhg`c 212 I`h`jtis 212 I`h`jtis
=2. Busg`iss Kittirs, Kittirs, Liljrm`huls, Liljrm`huls, m`h I-lmgks
G`trjhuftgj` 211 G`trjhuftgj`
Fjlpj`i`ts ja m Busg`iss Kittir Xoi Hmti 213 ❊
213
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 213 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
G`sghi Mhhriss 21? Vmkutmtgj` m`h Fjlpkgli`tmry Fkjsi Xoi Xgtki 21? Vubdift Kg`i 217 Xoi Bjhy 217 Xoi Vgc`mturi 217 I`fkjsuris 217 I`fkjsuris Ff 217 Xoi Srgtir‗s Mhhriss 217
Busg`iss Kittir Ajrlmts 217 Xoi Bkjfe Ajrlmt 217 Xoi Ljhgih Bkjfe Ajrlmt 23> Xoi G`hi`tih Bkjfe Ajrlmt 23=
^urpjsi ja m Busg`iss Kittir
Fjvir 232 232 KittirsKittirs ja I`qugry Vmkis Kittirs 236 Jaair Kittirs 231
232
21?
211
xv
xvg xvg
Fj`ti`ts
Djg`g`c Kittirs 231 Djg`g`c Riquist Kittirs 231 Cjjh @iws Kittirs 231 Bmh @iws Kittirs 23? Smr`g`c Kittirs 237 Sikfjli Kittirs 237 Amriwikk Kittirs 2?> G`frili`t Kittirs 2?> Xrm`sair Kittirs 2?2
Liljrm`huls 2?6 Liljrm`huls Xoi Lilj Ajrlmt 2?6 Xypis ja Liljs 2?6
I-lmgk Fjllu`gfmtgj` 2?9 Ajrlmt 2?1 Xgps ajr Iaaiftgvi I-lmgk Fjllu`gfmtgj` 2?1 Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =2.= 2?3 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =2.=
2?7
Xoi Jaagfi Fgrfukmr, Jaagfi Jrhir, m`h @jtgfi Jafi Fgrfukmr 27> Jafi Jrhir 27> @jtgfi 27= @jtgfi
27>
Vullmry 272 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 272 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 272 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 278 I`h`jtis 278 I`h`jtis
271
=6. ^km``g`c, Fjlpjsg`c, m`h Srgtg`c Ripjrts
G`trjhuftgj` 271 G`trjhuftgj`
]umkgtgis ja M` Ghimk Ripjrt
271
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =6.= 273
Xypis ja Ripjrts 273 Fkmssgfmtgj` by Riqugrili`t 273 Fkmssgfmtgj` Fkmssgfmtgj ` by Ki`cto 27? Fkmssgfmtgj` Fkmssgfmtgj ` by ^urpjsi 277 Fkmssgfmtgj` by ^oysgfmk Ajrl 6>=
Hgrift m`h G`hgrift Ripjrtg`c Vtykis
Ajrlmk m`h G`ajrlmk Ripjrtg`c Vtykis
Vtmcis g` Ripjrt Srgtg`c 6>6 ^ri-wrgtg`c /^km``g`c Vtmci 6>6 Xoi Srgtg`c Vtmci4 Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Vtrmticgis Ihgtg`c m`h ^rjjarimhg`c 6=>
^mrts ja Ripjrt 6=> Ripjrt ^rjbkil m`h Xgtki ja toi Ripjrt G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =6.=
6>2 6>2
6>1
6=>
6==
Xoi ^rjbkil Vtmtili`t 6== Fjlpj`i`ts ja m Ajrlmk Ripjrt 6=2 Srgtg`c Ag`hg`cs, Fj`fkusgj`s, m`h Rifjlli`hmtgj`s Oimhg`cs 6=9
6=8
Fj`ti`ts
Qgsumk Mghs g` Ripjrt Srgtg`c
M Vojrt @jti j` ^ripmrg`c m Vullmry jr m` Mbstrmft
Busg`iss ^rjpjsmks 6=3 Xypis ja ^rjpjsmks 6=? ^mrts ja m ^rjpjsmk 6=7 Xoi ^rjfiss ja Vublgttg`c m ^rjpjsmk ❊
6=1
62>
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 62= ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
Vullmry 622 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 622 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 626 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 621 Aurtoir Rimhg`c 623 I`h`jtis 623 I`h`jtis
66>
=8. Ilpkjyli`t Fjllu`gfmtgj`
G`trjhuftgj` 66> G`trjhuftgj`
@itwjreg`c 66> @itwjreg`c
Fjrrispj`hi`fi Rikmtih tj Rifrugtli`t
6=3
Xoi Fjvir Kittir m`h Rçsulç
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =8.= 66=
66= 66=
Jtoir Xypis ja Djb Fjrrispj`hi`fi ^ripmrg`c m Rçsulç 669 Srgtg`c m Rçsulç 669 Rçsulç Ajrlmts 669 G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =8.=
668
661
Kgst ja Hj‗s 66? Kgst ja Hj`‗ts 66? Vfm``mbki Rçsulçs m`h Rçsulçs Vi`t by I-lmgk I-lmgkg`c Rçsulçs 68>
Crjup Hgsfussgj`s 68> E`jwkihci 68= Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vegkks 682
Ximl Hy`mlgfs 682 Kimhirsogp Vegkks 682 Fkmssgfmtgj` Fkmssgfmtgj ` ja Crjup Hgsfussgj`s 682 Ivmkumtg`c Crjup Hgsfussgj`s 682 Rimk-kgai Vfi`mrgjs4 Kissj`s tj bi Kimr`t 688
Xoi Djb G`tirvgiw ^rjfiss 681 Xypis ja G`tirvgiws 681 ❊
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t 683 ^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
^ripmrg`c ajr m` G`tirvgiw 69> Ariqui`tky Mseih G`tirvgiw ]uistgj`s G`tirvgiws4 Vpifgmk Xifo`gquis 699
Vullmry 693 Mssiss Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci E`jwkihci 693 Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci 693 Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis 69? Aurtoir Rimhg`c 69? I`h`jtis 69? I`h`jtis
69=
667
xvgg
xvggg xvggg
Fj`ti`ts
Mppi`hgx =
697
Mppi`hgx 2
61?
Mppi`hgx 6
617
Mppi`hgx 8
63=
Mppi`hgx 9
67>
Mppi`hgx 1
672
Mppi`hgx 3
676
G`hix
677
^riamfi
Xi vmkui j fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj`, `, pmrtgfukmrky g` busg`iss sgtumtgj`s, fm``jt bi jvirilpomsgzih. Gt gs toi bihrjfe j` wogfo mkk glpjrtm`t jrcm`gzmtgj`mk u`ftgj`s mri bmsih. Gt mfgkgtmtis g`tirmftgj` mt pirsj`mk, g`tirpirsj`mk, m`h timl kiviks jr toi ukkli`t j jrcm`gzmtgj`mk cjmks m`h jbdiftgvis. Xi sifj`h ihgtgj` gs m` glprjvili`t j` toi rst ihgtgj` g` tomt sojrt fmsis omvi bii` mhhih tj imfo fomptir (ixfipt fomptir 2 m`h =8). Xgs wjukh i`mbki toi rimhirs rim hirs tj omvi prmftgfmk g`sgcots j` toi rimkgtgis j fjllu`gfmtgj` mt toi wjrepkmfi. Xi sifj`h ihgtgj` mksj g`fkuhis g`tirvgiws m`h fjlli`ts j simsj`ih prjissgj`mks, j` ‛womt fj`stgtutis iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj ` mt toi wjrepkmfi“. G ojpi tomt yju i`djy rimhg`c toi sifj`h si fj`h ihgtgj`5 iik rii tj pi` hjw` yjur fjlli`ts m`h succistgj`s tj li mt4 pmymkNgglk.mf.g`
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ GV IQJKQG@C RM^GHKW Fjllu`gfmtgj` oms ivjkvih jvir toi yimrs. Amfi-tj-mfi g`tirmftgj`s j toi pmst omvi cgvi` wmy tj tifo`jkjcy-hrgvi` fom``iks j fjllu`gfmtgj` g` prisi`t tglis. Fjllu`gfmtgj` muhgt, frgsgs fjllu`gfmtgj`, `m`fgmk fjllu`gfmtgj`, fjllu`gfmtgj` biyj`h bju`hmrgis, m`h fjrpjrmti fjllu`gfmtgj` mri toi `iw buzzwjrhs g` toi km`cumci j busg`iss. Gt gs `jt hgstfukt tj prihgft toi `iw rj`tgirs j busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`. G` m bjrhirkiss wjrkh (wikk, mkljst), tifo`jkjcy wgkk hgftmti toi jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj`, lmeg`c gt `ifissmry jr us tj rivgsgt toi `jrls j hgrift m`h g`hgrift fjllu`gfmtgj`. M iw ixpirts mksj prihgft toi crmhumk hilgsi j mfi-tj-mfi g`tirmftgj` g` busg`iss sgtumtgj`s. Somtivir toi fmsi lmy bi, toi lissmci‘wgto gts jfus j` womt gs tj bi smgh, ojw m`h woi` gt gs tj bi smgh, m`h mt womt fjst‘gs bifjlg`c toi u`frjw`ih eg`c j busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`. Ricmrhkiss j toi fom``ik, jrl, m`h km`cumci usih, hisgc`g`c lissmcis tj mfogivi toi jbdiftgvi j toi jrcm`gzmtgj` gs toi frux j busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xgs gs woy gt gs glpirmtgvi jr lm`mcili`t stuhi`ts tj kimr` ojw tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky g` m busg`iss i`vgrj`li`t. Ajr togs tj omppi`, lm`mcili`t stuhi`ts `iih tj u`hirstm`h m`h mpprifgmti toi fj`fipts tomt u`hirkgi wjrepkmfi fjllu`gfmtgj`, m`h togs bjje gs m` i`himvjr g` togs hgriftgj`. Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` ajr Lm`mcirs, Lm`mcirs, mglih mt mkk LBM stuhi`ts, bicg`s by brgifly m`mkysg`c toi vmrgjus toijrgis j fjllu`gfmtgj` bifmusi G bikgivi tomt m sju`h toijritgfmk e`jwkihci mkwmys oikps tj glprjvi j`i‗s crmsp jvir toi prmftgfmk mspifts j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt hilj`strmtis litojhs j iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` torjuco ixmlpkis, rimk-kgi sfi`mrgjs m`h rjki-pkmys. Gt mhjpts m luktg-hgli`sgj`mk m`h g`ticrmtgvi mpprjmfo tj sjkvi fjllu`gfmtgj` hgkillms mt toi wjrepkmfi m`h tjufois upj` toi tojucots rikmtih tj mtti`tgj`, mtti`tgj`, pirfiptgj`, ilpmtoy, m`h prjissgj`mkgsl.
VXRYFXYRI JA XOI BJJE Fomptir =, ‛G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`“, g`trjhufis stuhi`ts tj toi vmkui j fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj ` g` toi busg`iss wjrkh m`h tmkes mbjut bmrrgirs tj toi smli. Fomptir 2, ‛Xijrgis ja G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`“, prisi`ts toi vmrgjus toijrgis mssjfgmtih wgto fjllu`gfmtgj`, m`h hgsfussis woy gt gs cjjh tj omvi m sju`h e`jwkihci j fjllu`gfmtgj` toijrgis g` jrhir tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky. Fomptir 6, ‛G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`“, ixpkjris toi fjlpkixgtgy j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj ` ms wikk ms toi eiy gssuis mbjut rikmtgj`sogps tomt g`flui`fi toi smli.
xx
^rimfi
Fomptir 8, ‛M`mkysg`c rm`smftgj`s4 Xi Y`gts ja Fjllu`gfmtgj`“, himks wgto toi m`mkysgs j trm`smftgj`s m`h hgiri`tgmtis bitwii` oimktoy oim ktoy m`h u`oimktoy g`tirmftgj`s. Fomptir 9, ‛ Xi Km`cumci ja ^irsumsgj`“, tmkes mbjut pirsumsgj` m`h ojw gt hgirs rjl g`flui`fi. Gt mksj g`strufts stuhi`ts j` ojw tj wrgti pirsumsgvi hjfuli`ts. Fomptir 1, ‛ Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` m Hgvirsi Sjre I`vgrj`li`t“, hgsfussis toi rjki j fuk-
turi g` sompg`c pirspiftgvis ms wikk ms litojhs tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky mfrjss fukturis. Fomptir 3, ‛ Frgsgs Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtrmticgis“ Vtrmticgis“, hgstg`cugsois frgsgs fjllu`gfmtgj` rjl frgsgs lm`mcili`t m`h tmkes mbjut iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` limsuris hurg`c frgsgs. Gt mksj prjvghis g`sgcots mbjut jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticgis tj bi glpkili`t glpkili`tih ih hurg`c m`h mair m frgsgs. Fomptir ?, ‛Busg`iss Liitg`cs m`h @icjtgmtgj`s“, hisfrgbis toi eiy mttrgbutis j m suffissuk liitg`c m`h timfois stuhi`ts m ojst j tog`cs kgei frimtg`c m` mci`hm jr m liitg`c m`h tmeg`c hjw` lg`utis. Fomptir 7, ‛^ripmrg`c m`h Hikgvirg`c ^risi`tmtgj`s“, fmpturis toi hgiri`fi bitwii` prisi`tmtgj`s, stuhi`t kifturis, m`h tmkes. Gt jirs tgps m`h succistgj`s mbjut prisi`tg`c wgto fj`hi`fi m`h foutzpmo. Sgto toi oikp j `ulirjus ixmlpkis m`h gkkustrmtgj`s, togs fomptir ilpomsgzis pripmrmtgj`, hikgviry, hikgviry, m`h styki ms eiys tj m` iiftgvi prisi`tmtgj`. Fomptir =>, ‛ G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Srgtg`c“, g`trjhufis busg`iss wrgtg`c m`h ilpom-
sgzis toi vmkui j wrgtg`c. Gt tmkes mbjut toi issi`tgmks j busg`iss wrgtg`c, pmrtgfukmrky busg`iss crmllmr. Fomptir ==, ‛ Xi Srgtg`c Vtrmticy“, himks wgto toi jrlukmtgj` j m wrgtg`c strmticy m`h prjvghis wmys j jrcm`gzg`c m`h mrrm`cg`c toi g`jrlmtgj` tj bi fjllu`gfmtih. Fomptir =2, ‛ Busg`iss Kittirs, Liljrm`huls, m`h I-lmgks“, tmkes mbjut toi m`mtjly j busg`iss hjfuli`ts m`h, wgto toi oikp j `ulirjus pirtg`i`t ixmlpkis, hgsfussis toi mrt j wrgtg`c busg`iss kittirs, liljrm`huls, m`h i-lmgks. Fomptir =6, ‛^km``g`c, Fjlpjsg`c, m`h Srgtg`c Ripjrts“, hgsfussis toi prg`fgpmk fj`sghirmtgj`s g` hrmag`c m ripjrt m`h frimtg`c j m strufturih str ufturih ms wikk ms pirsumsgvi pirsums gvi ripjrt m`h prjpjsmk.
ilpkjyli`tt fjllu`gfmtgj` strmtFomptir =8, ‛Ilpkjyli`t Fjllu`gfmtgj`“, hisfrgbis ilpkjyli` icgis m`h wmys tj g`flui`fi rifrugtirs. Xgs fomptir pripmris toi stuhi`t g` mkk toi glpjrtm`t mrims j ilpkjyli`t fjllu`gfmtgj`‘rjl fjllu`gfmtgj`‘rjl wrgtg`c m fjvir kittir tj mfg`c g`tirvgiws g`tirv giws
AIMXYRIV JA XOI BJJE Kimr`g`c jbdiftgvis
Matir fjlpkitg`c toisi fomptirs, yju sojukh bi mbki tj4 ❔
Y`hirstm`h toi vmkui j fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi busg`iss wjrkh.
❔
Mpprifgmti toi rjki j tifo`jkjcy g` sompg`c busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.
❔
Mpprifgmti toi sgc`gfm`fi j lmg`tmg`g`c kg`is j fjllu`gfmtgj`.
❔
Kimr` mbjut toi bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h toigr g`flui`fi j` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk m`h pirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`.
❔
Y`hirstm`h toi rjki pkmyih by toi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s hipmrtli`t g` mfgkgtmtg`c iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Xoi kimr`g`c jbdiftgvis g`fkuhi m sit ja smkgi`t pjg`ts tomt stuhi`ts `iih tj ajfus j` wogki cjg`c torjuco toi fomptir.
^rimfi
xxg
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.=
Xoi mhvgsjry agrl Fjrpjrmti Ixifutgvi Bjmrh (FIB) fj`huftih m surviy tomt rivimkih tomt, g` jrhir tj ritmg` tmki`tih pijpki, m fjlpm`y sojukh hgrift gts ilpkjyiis tjwmrhs toi rgcot cjmks torjuco prjpir fjllu`gfmtgj`. Dust 2= pir fi`t ja toi surviyih ilpkjyiis wiri aju`h tj bi fjlpkitiky mwmri ja, m`h wjreg`c tjwmrhs, toi fjlpm`y‗s cjmks. ^jjr fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h m` g`fjlpiti`t lm`mcir lgcot bi toi rimsj` biog`h togs. Ga toi lm`mcir-kih mpprjmfo hjis`‗t wjre, toi` toi Xjw` Omkk mpprjmfo, g` wogfo toi si`gjr lm`mcili`t i`cmcis hgriftky g` m hgmkjcui wgto ilpkjyiis, lgcot bi suffissauk. Xoi surviy mksj rivimkih tomt ilpkjyiis woj wiri ljri i`cmcih g` toi prjfiss ja djb hisgc` wiri kgeiky tj bi ljri smtgsagih wgto toigr djbs. M lmdjr G`hgm` GX fjlpm`y rifi`tky fmucot m` ilpkjyii g` toi ag`m`fi hipmrtli`t ilbizzkg`c au`hs. G` jrhir tj mvjgh sufo fmsis, gt gs mkwmys glpjrtm`t tj glprjvi ilpkjyii fj`aghi`fi g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Xoi tjp lm`mcirgmk ru`c sojukh bi fj`sgsti`t g` biomvg`c itogfmkky m`h himkg`c hifgsgviky wgto lgsfj`huft. Gt gs mksj glpjrtm`t ajr toi lm`mcili`t tj rifjc`gzi toi iljtgj`mk tjkk tomt rifissgj` tmeis j` ilpkjyiis m`h tj i`suri tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` ricmrhg`c ag`m`fis gs mkwmys arm`e m`h ajfusih j` ilpkjyii fj`fir`s.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis prjvghi mhhgtgj`mk g`ajrlmtgj` ricmrhg`c toi tjpgf big`c hgsfussih g` toi tixt.
Vjurfi 4 Mhmptih arjl Lmoglm ^urg,
‛Ogco ^irajrlirs Oimh ajr Ixgt Hurg`c Ifj`jlgf Rifjviry,“ Xoi Ifj`jlgf Xglis (Lmrfo (Lmrfo
=9, 2>=>), mvmgkmbki mvmgkmbki mt4 ottp4//ifj`jlgftglis.g`hgmtglis.fjl/`iws/`iws-by-g`hustry/djbs/Ogco-pirajrlirs-oimh-ajr-ixgthurg`c-ifj`jlgf-rifjviry/mrtgfkisojw/91?633?.fls, mffissih j` Dm`umry 8, 2>==.
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t
X @ G J ^
Cjjh Cj jh fj fjll llu`g u`gfm fmtg tgj` j` fm fm`` j` j`ky ky bi g` pr prjp jpir ir I` I`ck ckgs gso. o.
Cjjh Cj jh fjll fjllu`g u`gfm fmtg tgj` j` riqug riqugri riss fkmrg fkmrgty ty ja ja liss lissmc mci, i, grr grris ispi pift ftgv gvii ja toi toi km`cumci usih.
Fjll Fj llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj gj`` jff jffur urss woi woi`` toi toi li liss ssmc mcii gs gs si` si`t. t.
Fjll Fj llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj gj`` jff jffur urss woi woi`` toi toi li liss ssmc mcii gs gs rif rifig igvi vih. h.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs gs m `mturmk pr prjfiss.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs gs m` m` mf mfqugrih/kimr`t pr prjfiss.
J`i fm``jt fom`ci j`i‗s bmsgf styki ja fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` mkwmys bi glprjvih, hipi`hg`c j` toi aiihbmfe j`i cits jr tmeis.
C jj jjh fjllu` gf gfmtjrs mr mri ixfik ki ki` t jrmt jr jrs.
C jj jjh fjllu` gf gfmtjrs sp spime m `h `h kgkgsti` iq iqu mk mkky wikk.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mbjut lmg`tmg`g`c
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mksj mbjut cittg`c m tmse hj`i g` toi lg`glul
rikmtgj`sogps wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`.
pjssgbki tgli m`h wgtog` m rimsj`mbki fjst.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mbstrmft.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi limsurih.
F J Y @ X I R ^ J G @ X
^jg`t/Fju`tirpjg`t kgsts toi prjs m`h fj`s ja m spifgf hibmti. Xogs oikps stuhi`ts u`hirstm`h bjto sghis ja m` mrculi`t.
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =.=
Djb mppkgfm`ts mt m firtmg` luktg`mtgj`mk amst ajjh d jg`t g` Dmpm` mri mseih tj hisfrgbi to igr ljst pkimsm`t ixpirgi`fis. Lm`mcirs toi` ivmkumti mppkgfm`ts by lmtfog`c toigr amfgmk ixprissgj`s wgto toi ixpirgi`fis toiy rifju`t. Ga toi slgki gs pirfigvih tj bi oypjfrgtgfmk, toiy mri `jt rifrugtih ajr fustjlir sirvgfi.
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis prjvghi mhhgtgj`mk, m`h sjlitglis m`ifhjtmk, g`ajrlmtgj` mbjut m spifgf tjpgf g` jrhir tj lmei gt ljri g`tiristg`c ajr stuhi`ts.
xxgg xxgg
^rimfi
Ixogbgts
Licmtik Fjrpjrmtgj` Kglgtih
Ixogbgt =2.? Ixmlpki ja m Kittir tj m Fkgi`t
LICMXIK! LICM HIMK! LICM JAAIR! Himr ^m`emd, Somt wjukh yju hj ga wi wiri tj jir yju m ljbgki poj`i ms wikk ms twj sjatwmri pmfemcis ja yjur fojgfi mkj`c wgto iviry kmptjp yju buy: Si e`jw tomt yju wjukh dulp mt toi jir! Sikk, togs gs `jt m hriml, but m rimkgty, m `ivir-biajri fjlbg`mtgj` arjl Licmtik‘toi qumkgty sirvgfi fjlpm`y fjlpm`y..
Ixogbgts wgtog` toi fomptir rm`ci arjl sglpki curis m`h gkkustrmtgj`s tj smlpki kittirs, i-lmgks, `jtgfis, m`h liljs tomt oikp stuhi`ts omvi m bittir u`hirstm`hg`c ja busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Jur fjlpm`y bjmsts ja toi `ist brm`hs. @jwoiri iksi wgkk yju `h toi fjvitih bgc vi‘ Mppki, OFK, Fjlpmq, Vj`y, m`h Xjsogbm‘u`hir Xjsogbm‘u`hir j`i bm``ir. @jt j`ky tomt, toi foirry j` toi fmei fjlis arjl jur jir ja cgvg`c mwmy m`y j`i fikk poj`i sit wgto togs himk. Xoisi mri `jt jrhg`mry poj`is, but toi tjp-ja-toi-kg`i @jegm 6891 m`h Ljtjrjkm 2913 poj`is. Wju‗kk bi spjgkt ajr fojgfi! Xogs gs m spifgmk jir ajr jur ljst vmkuih vmkuih fustjlirs j` toi jffmsgj` ja jur ti`to bgrtohmy. bgrtohmy. Kjje mt toi bi`its gt cgvis yju4 ❔
Si omvi 29 mffrihgtih sirvgfi fi`tris. Xogs i`suris tomt yju‗kk mkwmys omvi m sirvgfi fi`tri `imrby.
❔
Si omvi toi kmtist sjatwmri ja yjur fojgfi. Si omvi sjlitog`c ajr iviryj`i g` yjur ojusi‘arjl cmlis m`h ihufmtgj`mk sjatwmri tj V^VV.
Si cgvi yju pirsj`mkgzih mtti`tgj`. Si‗ri dust m fmkk mwmy mt jur tjkk-arii `ulbir4 >9226-666->>66. Fmkk us ajr prjlpt sirvgfi!
❔
Vj bjje yjur kmptjps rgcot mwmy. Vimrfo ajr hitmgks j` jur Sib sgti www.licmtik.jrc, jr fmkk jur sirvgfi riprisi`tmtgvi Msoutjso mt jur tjkk-arii `ulbir.
Mhhriss toi rifgpgi`t ms rgi`h. Mse m quistgj` tomt wjukh risukt g` yju kgstg`c toi lmg` bi`its j yjur jir. M`swir toi quistgj` g` j`i jr twj si`ti`fis. Ixpkmg` woy yjur prjhuft jr sirvgfi gs issi`tgmk jr supirgjr tj jtoir sglgkmr jirg`cs. Mhhriss hjubts. Ysi imsy-tj-rimh bukkitih pjg`ts tj pjg`t jut woy yjur prjhuft stm`hs jut. Fkjsi by cughg`c toi fustjlirs tj mftgj`.
Sgto ricmrhs, Vgrgso Vmo`g, Mrim Lm`mcir Licmtik Fjrpjrmtgj` Kglgtih
Vullmry
VYLLMRW Xoi Vullmry fmpturis toi lmg` tjpgfs fjvirih g` toi fomptir ajr m qugfe rivgiw.
❔
ifo`jkjcgfmk mhvm`fili`ts, hgvirsgty, ckjbmkgzmtgj` j busg`iss, crjwto g` kicmk gssuis, m`h tgli fj`strmg`ts omvi lmhi fjllu`gfmtgj` m eiy segkk g` toi e`jwkihci ifj`jly ifj`jly..
j`i‗s bjhy km`cumci m`h bugkh m pjsgtgvi pirfiptgj` mbjut j`isik. ❔
❔
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs rmtoir fjlpkix. Xgs gs bifmusi iviryj`i Fjllu`gfmtgj` oms toigr pmrtgfukmr li`tmk rmlis tomt cughi toigr spiifo. Vi`sgtgvgty tj toi ‛jtoir`iss“ j jtoirs glprjvis fjllu`gfmtgj` fj`sghirmbky.
G`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s fjllu`gfmtgj`s pkmys m eiy rjki g` jrcm`gzmtgj` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk mk fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfm tgj` systils by ricukmtg`c toi fljw j g`jrlmtgj` torjuco fjllu`gfmtgj` lihgm. @iw lihgm mri big`c omr`issih tj frimti kg`es bitwii` ilpkjyiis.
❔
❔
Bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi risjkvih by e`jwg`c womt, ojw, woi`, m`h woiri tj fjllu`gfmti.
❔
Agrst glprissgj`s glprissgj`s mri usumkky bmsih j` toi vgsumk glpmft, jkkjwih by toi virbmk glpmft. Gt gs tous glpjrtm`t tj fj`trjk
Xi prjpjsih ljhik j iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticy mt toi wjrepkmfi ilpomsgzis ‛limsurili`t“ mlj`c jtoir mftjrs. Fjllu`gfmtgj` g`gtgmtgvis lust bi limsurmbki wgto m prjpir ‛muhgt.“ Xgs gs bju`h tj cgvi toil toi rispiftmbgkgty toiy hisirvi.
^rimfi
xxggg
Mssiss Wjur E`jwkihci
MVVIVV WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. =. Hisfrgbi toi prjfiss j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Hj yju tog`e tomt toi prjfiss oms u`hircj`i m rmhgfmk trm`sjrlmtgj` wgto toi g`trjhuftgj` j `iwir jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`: 2. 2. G` womt wmy fjllu`gfmtgj`:
fm`
li`tm k
bmrrgirs
og`hir
9. 9. Somt mri toi bi`its j g`tir`mk g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s: Ojw oms Cjjcki frmaih gts g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s strmticy:
Mssiss Wjur E`jwkihci fj`sgsts ja rivgiw quistgj`s hisgc`ih tj mssiss j`i‗s u`hirstm`hg`c ja toi tjpgfs hgsfussih g` toi fomptir.
1. 1. Somt mri mri toi bi`its bi`its j eiipg`c eiipg`c toi kg`is j fjllu`gfmtgj` jpi` g` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`: 3. 3. Srg Srgti ti sojrt `jtis j` toi jkkjwg`c4
6. 6. Ojw hj yju hgstg`cugso bitwii` sy`forj`jus m`h msy`forj`jus jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`: Hj yju mcrii wgto toi stmtili`t tomt mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` oms hifkg`ih jvir toi yimrs: Cgvi rimsj`s jr yjur vgiw. 8. 8. Hgstg`cugso bitwii` bitwii` g`tir`mk m`h ixtir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` g` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`.
❔
Xi oulm` ljli`t mt wjre
❔
Bkjcs ms tjjks jr jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s
❔
Li`tmk ktirs
❔
Ojw tj lmei jtoirs kgsti` kgsti` tj tj yju
Ysi Wjur Wjur E`jwkihci
YVI WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. =. Omrg gs prjpjsg`c m rihuftgj` g` trmvikkg`c trmvikkg`c ixpi`sis m`h toi i`tirtmg`li`t buhcit jr fkgi`t liitg`cs. j mssiss toi rimftgj` j toi 26 smkis riprisi`tmtgvis m`h mse jr toigr succistgj`s j` ojw tj rihufi ixpi`sis, oi hifghis tj fmkk m liitg`c. Xgs wjukh bi j` m Lj`hmy, woi` mkk toi smkis prjissgj`mks tjufo bmsi mt toi fjlpm`y oimhqumrtirs. Mhhgtgj`mkky, Omrg wm`tih tj brg`c up m iw gssuis rikmtg`c tj hgsfgpkg`i m`h kg`c j wiieky smkis
ripjrts. Mksj, toiri gs m fj`iri`fi sfoihukih jr smkis prjissgj`mks g` Vg`cmpjri, jr wogfo oi wm`tih tj g`vgti twj `jlg`mtgj`s. Bmsih j` togs g`jrlmtgj`, m`swir toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
Armli m` mci`hm jr toi liitg`c.
❔
Ojw wjukh toi lm`mcir pripmri m li`tmk rmli tj himk wgto jppjsgtgj` tj toi prjpjsmk:
Ysi Wjur E`jwkihci fjlprgsis quistgj`s riqugrg`c stuhi`ts tj mppky toigr e`jwkihci ja busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj` tj rimk-kgai sgtumtgj`s.
Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis Sib-bmsih Ixirfgsis fj`tmg`s m`mkytgfmk ms wikk ms fjlprioi`sgvi quistgj`s tomt stuhi`ts omvi tj m`swir wgto toi oikp ja g`ajrlmtgj` arjl vmrgjus Sib sgtis m`h j`kg`i risjurfis j` busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.
SIB-BMVIH I_IRFGVIV =. =. Qgsgt ottp4//www ottp4//www.`mfmhm.esu.ihu/fkimrg`cojusi/Mhvgsg`.`mfmhm.esu.ihu/fkimrg`cojusi/Mhvgsg`cGssuis/bjhy-spimes.otl. Ixpkmg` toi hgiri`fis g` bjhy km`cumci mfrjss fju`trgis.
2. 2. Qgsgt ottp4//iqg.jrc/sullmry. ottp4//iqg.jrc/sullmry.otl. otl. Somt hjis toi mutojr lim` by ‛big`c iljtgj`mkky kgtirmti.“ Somt eg`h j silm`tgfs mri usih woi` j`i usis km`cumci tomt gs ogco j` iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi:
xxgv
^rimfi
Aurtoir Rimhg`c Aurtoir Rimhg`c prjvghis m kgst ja vmrgjus bjjes m`h mrtgfkis stuhi`ts fm` kjje up g` jrhir tj i`om`fi toigr e`jwkihci ja busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.
AYRXOIR RIMHG@C ❔
Irgf Bir`i, Cmlis ^ijpki ^kmy (@iw Wjre4 Crjvi ^riss, G`f., =718).
❔
Xjlms M. Omrrgs, G‗l JE. Wju‗ri JE (@iw (@iw Wjre4 OmrpirFjkkg`s ^ubkgsoirs, =713).
❔
F. Vtig`ir, Vfrgpts ^ijpki Kgvi4 Xrm Xrm`smftgj`mk `smftgj`mk M`mkysgs ja Kgai Vfrgpts (@iw Vfrgpts (@iw Wjre4 Crjvi ^riss, =73=).
❔
H. m``i`, ‛Xi ^jwir j mke4 Soj Cits Oimrh m`h Soy:“ Omrvmrh Busg`iss Rivgiw Rivgiw (=779) ^rjh.# 799=>-^HA-I@C,, =6?‖=8?. 799=>-^HA-I@C
Mppi`hgfis = tj 1 VYLLMRW Liitg`c tjpgf
Xjpgf `mli
Hmti
Hmti/lj`to/yimr
Arjl
oo4ll
Xj
oo4ll
Kjfmtgj`
Kjfmtgj` hitmgks
@jti tmeir
Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
Hurmtgj`
>>4>> ors
MCI@HM
Mppi`hgfis = tj 1 prjvghi ixmlpkis ja vmrgjus hjfuli`ts rikmtih tj busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`, g`fkuhg`c smlpkis ja m kj`c ripjrt m`h m prjpjsmk.
Xgli
Xjpgf
=9 lg`s
=. Xjpgf `mli m`h brgia hisfrgptgj`
69 lg`s
2. Xjpgf `mli m`h brgia hisfrgptgj`
=> lg`s
6. Xjpgf `mli m`h brgia hisfrgptgj`
^MRXGFG^M@XV ^MRXGFG^M@XV #
@mli
^jsgtgj`
^risi`t:
=
Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
W
2
Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
W
8
Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
@
Rimsj` ajr mbsi`fi
Jut sgfe
LIIXG@C @JXIV =
Li`t Li `tgj gj`` sgc` sgc`ga gagf gfm` m`tt pjg` pjg`ts ts ja ja toi toi liit liitg` g`cs cs g` g` togr togrhh pirs pirsj` j` m`h m`h usg usg`c `c buk bukki kits ts..
2
Li`tgj` sgc`g agag fm fm`t pjg `t `ts ja toi liitg`cs.
6
Li`tgj` sgc`g agag fm fm`t pjg `t `ts ja toi liitg`cs.
LMDJR HIFGVGJ@V XMEI@ #
Xmse
^irsj` rispj`sgbki
Hui hmti
=
Brgia hisfrgptgj`
Hipmrtli`t `mli jr Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
Hmti/Lj`to/Wimr
2
Brgia hisfrgptgj`
Hipmrtli`t `mli jr Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
Xj bi hifghih
6
Brgia hisfrgptgj`
Hipmrtli`t `mli jr Agrst `mli Kmst `mli
Hmti/Lj`to/Wimr
^rimfi
xxv
Mppi`hgx 3
Xoi Lgssg`c Mssgstm`t Lm`mcir Wju mri m si`gjr lm`mcir g` Sjrkh Sjres Kth., m fjlpm`y prjhufg`c fustjlgzih sjawmri jr kimhg`c busg`iss fkgi`ts. J`i ljr`g`c, yju wm`t j`i j toi mssgstm`t lm`mcirs, Rmdiiv, tj om`hki m` ilirci`fy. ili rci`fy. Ojwivir, yju kimr` tomt oi oms stgkk st gkk `jt rimfoih rimf oih toi jstfi. Wju mri g`jrlih tomt Rmdiiv wms wjreg`c kmti toi privgjus hmy. Ivi` toi`, yju mri m``jyih mt ogs u`pu`ftumkgty. u`pu`ftu mkgty. Wju Wju omh `jtgfih Rmdiiv R mdiiv fjlg`c fjlg` c kmti tj jstfi j` sivirmk privgjus priv gjus jffmsgj`s. jffmsg j`s. Soi` Rmdiiv ivi`tumkky rimfois toi jstfi g` toi sifj`h omk, yju hifghi tj tmke tj ogl. Ghi`tgy m ikkjw stuhi`t tj pkmy toi rjki j Rmdiiv. Kgst toi eiy pjg`ts tomt yju wjukh kgei tj fj`viy tj Rmdiiv. Ms toi si`gjr-ljst lilbir j toi timl, womt stips wgkk yju tmei tj i`suri tomt sufo m sgtumtgj` hjis `jt mrgsi g` toi uturi: Fomptirs tj cj torjuco biajri mttilptg`c togs4 Fomptir 2, ‛Xoijrgis ja G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`“5 Fomptir 6, ‛G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`“5 Fomptir 8, ‛ M`mkysg`c M`mkysg`c Xrm`smftgj`s4 Xrm`smftgj`s4 Xoi Y`gts Y`gts ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj`“. “.
XOI XIMFOG@C M@H KIMR@G@C ^MFEMCI Xi fjlpkiti timfog`c m`h kimr`g`c ki mr`g`c pmfemci, mvmgkmbki mt www.pimrsj`ih.fj.g`/pmymkliorm, g`fkuhis ^jwir^jg`t ^jwir^jg`t skghis m`h m` ixti`sgvi g`struftjr‗ g`str uftjr‗s lm`umk. ❔
g`struftjr‗s lm`umk prjvghis m fomptir jvirvgiw ms wikk ms og`ts G`struftjr‗s lm`umk4 lm`umk4 Xi g`struftjr‗s tj toi rikivm`t fomptir-i`h prjbkils m`h toi rjki pkmys wogfo mri pmrt j Mppi`hgx ?.
❔
vmr gjus glpjrtm`t ^jwir^jg`t skghis4 skghis4 Hitmgkih kifturi skghis prjvghi m` jvirvgiw j toi vmrgjus fj`fipts hgsfussih g` imfo fomptir fomptir.. Xiy mri mksj m om`hy timfog`c tjjk.
MFE@JSKIHCILI@XV Xi bjje jwis gts ixgsti`fi tj lm`y fj`virsmtgj`s m`h fjkkmbjrmtgj`s wgto stuhi`ts, prjissjrs, m`h li`tjrs. G wjukh pmrtgfukmrky kgei tj mfe`jwkihci toi kimr`g`c tomt G omvi ckim`ih rjl hgsfussgj`s wgto Kutorm, ly li`tjrs Lmtoueutty L.m`h Lj`gpmkky m`h rjl Msomtoi Emuk rjl GGL Molihmbmh, m`h Ri`u D. Q. Qmgsomlpmym`, @g`m Hmvgh Y`gvirsgty j Kufe`jw. Mkk j toil mri timfoirs j fj`sghirmbki ilg`i`fi m`h stm`hg`c, m`h omvi bii` g`struli`tmk g` sompg`c ly tojucots ms m timfoir. Xi bjje oms bii` g` toi lmeg`c jr qugti sjli tgli m`h lm`y pijpki omvi fj`trgbutih tjwmrhs gts fjlpkitgj`. Xi rjki-pkmys omvi bii` fj`trgbutih by ly stuhi`ts mt GGL Kufe`jw g` toi jrl j m` mssgc`li`t j` m` ixpirgi`fi g` lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. G fj`virtih toisi sikif sikiftt ixpirgi`fis g`tj toilis jr rjki pkmys. pkmys. Xi smlpki j m kj`c ripjrt ms pmrt j Mppi`hgx 9 oms mksj bii` frimtih by ly stuhi`ts. G ml g`hiih tom`euk tj mkk j toil jr toigr sikfliss fj`trgbutgj`. G wjukh kgei tj tom`e ly pubkgsoir, ^imrsj`, jr mfgkgtmtg`c fjlpkitgj` j togs prjdift, Bglbmbmtg Vi` jr oir pmg`stmeg`c ihgtg`c, m`h ^rmvii` gwmrg jr cittg`c ivirytog`c stmrtih Ajr toi sifj`h ihgtgj`, spifgmk tom`es mri hui tj C. Vomrlgkii, Vi`gjr ^rjhuftgj` Ihgtjr jr oir pmtgi`fi m`h succistgj`s tj glprjvi toi bjje. G ml crmtiuk tj ly mlgky jr toigr wojki-oimrtih suppjrt g` mkk ly i`himvjurs‘tj ly ousbm`h Vm`dmy jr mkwmys big`c pmtgi`t m`h u`hirstm`hg`c, tj ly pmri`ts m`h pmri`tsg`-kmw jr toigr suppjrt m`h i`fjurmcili`t, m`h ly kjviky hmucotirs Roim m`h Mmrusog jr dust big`c toiri! ^mpm, yju prjuhky sojwih toi bjje tj iviryj`i woj vgsgtih jur ojusi-m`h tomt lim`s iviryj`i-woi` gt wms rst rikimsih g` 2>=2. 2>=2. Xi sifj`h ihgtgj` gs hihgfmtih hihgfmtih tj yjur liljry. G lgss yju... Kmst, but firtmg`ky `jt toi kimst, G tom`e ly ilpkjyir GGL Kufe`jw jr cgvg`c li mkk toi suppjrt jr wrgtg`c toi bjje. Gt oms bii` m kj`c but ukkkg`c djur`iy.
g`fkuhis Mppi`hgx 3 pkmys sivirmk rjki3 hisgc`ih tj oikp stuhi`ts mppky toigr toijritgfmk busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj` e`jwkihci tj prmftgfmk wjrepkmfi sgtumtgj`s.
Xogs pmci gs g`ti`tgj`mkky kiat bkm`e
Mbjut toi Mutojr
^mymk Liorm furri`tky sirvis ms Mssjfgmti ^rjissjr mt toi G`hgm` G`stgtuti j Lm`mcili`t Kufe`jw (G`hgm). MLBM mffrihgtih m`h m` MMFVB lilbir, GGL Kufe`jw oms rifi`tky bii` rmtih ms toi jurto bist lm`mcili`t g`stgtutgj` g` G`hgm by @GRA 2>=1-toi `mtgj`mk rm`eg`c rmliwjre jr ihufmtgj`mk g`stgtutgj`s g` G`hgm. ^mymk oms fkjsi tj 2> yimrs j g`hustry, timfog`c, risimrfo, m`h trmg`g`c ixpirgi`fi g` toi ikh j busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`. ^rgjr tj djg`g`c GGL Kufe`jw soi wjreih g` m prgvmti lm`mcili`t g`stgtuti jr => yimrs mair m brgi stg`t g` g`hustry. ^mymk Liorm‗s mfmhilgf g`tirists fjvir mkk mspifts j lm`mcirgmk fjllu`gfmtgj` g`fkuhg`c g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`, iiftgvi prisi`tmtgj` segkks, fjllu`gfmtgj` biyj`h bju`hmrgis, m`h wmys g` wogfo tifo`jkjcy g`flui`fis fjllu`gfmtgj`. G` 2>>8, j`i j oir pmpirs tgtkih ‛Vtriss Kiviks g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`s m`h Glpmft j` Ilpkjyii Biomvgjur“ wms mwmrhih toi Emlkm Mwmrh by toi G`hgm` Vjfgity j rmg`g`c m`h Hivikjpli`t. Xi Emlkm Mwmrh gs cgvi` jut imfo yimr tj toi bist wjlm` wrgtir j m` mrtgfki pubkgsoih g` toi G`hgm` Djur`mk ja Xrmg`g`c m`h Hivikjpli`t . Ms j 2>=1, soi oms pubkgsoih fkjsi tj 8> mrtgfkis g` `ulirjus `mtgj`mk m`h g`tir`mtgj`mk djur`mks g` wikk e`jw`, piir rivgiwih fmticjry pubkgfmtgj`s j Vmci, Ilirmkh, G`hirsfgi`fi, Sjrkh Vfgi`tgf, mlj`cst jtoirs. Oir sifj`h bjje tgtkih ‛Fjllu`gfmtgj` biyj`h Bju`hmrgis“, wms rifi`tky rikimsih by toi @iw Wjre Wjre bmsih pubkgsoir g` 2>=8 tj toi wjrkh lmreit. Oir wrgtg`cs omvi imr`ih oir vi ^ubkgfmtgj` Mwmrhs mt GGL Kufe`jw. Kufe`jw. M hihgfmtih timfoir, risimrfoir, m`h trmg`ir, soi bikgivis tomt timfog`c gs ljri tom` dust m djb‘gt‗s sjlitog`c tomt `urturis toi pursugt j wgshjl wgto kjvi, fmri, m`h fjlpmssgj`. Mpmrt rjl mfmhilgfs, soi kjvis tj rimh m`h trmvik ms soi bikgivis tomt trmvik mjrhs m` ihufmtgj` tomt `j bjje fm`. Voi mksj mks j kjvis tj jbsirvi oulm` biomvgjur g` hgiri`t sittg`cs g` jrhir tj u`hirstm`h bittir woy pijpki biomvi toi wmy toiy hj. Ajr ljri g`jrlmtgj` j` oir mfmhilgf mfm hilgf prjki, pkimsi vgsgt toi GGL Kufe`jw wibsgti kg`e4 ottp4//pmymkliorm.fjl/ pmymkZfv%2>Y^HMIH.ph Ajr iihbmfe m`h fjlli`ts yju mri wikfjli tj wrgti tj pmymkNgglk.mf.g`
Xogs pmci gs g`ti`tgj`mkky kiat bkm`e
Fomptir = | G@XRJHYFXGJ@ XJ BYVG@IVV
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Matir fjlpkitg`c togs fomptir, fomptir, yju sojukh bi mbki tj4 ❔ ❔ ❔
Y`hirstm`h toi vmkui j fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi busg`iss wjrkh. Mpprifgmti toi rjki j tifo`jkjcy g` sompg`c busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Mpprifgmti toi sgc`gfm`fi j lmg`tmg`g`c kg`is j fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj`. `.
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Kimr` mbjut toi bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h toigr g`flui`fi j` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk m`h pirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Y`hirstm`h toi rjki pkmyih by toi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s hipmrtli`t g` mfgkgtmtg`c iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Mkk mftgvgtgisfj`virsmtgj`s g`vjkvi sjliwgto jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Hgsfussgj`s wgto j`i‗s bjss m`h fj-wjreirs, piirs, g`tirvgiws, liitg`cs, prisi`tmtgj`s, liljs, kittirs, mxis, m`h tikipoj`i ixfom`cis mri mkk jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj` tomt tmei pkmfi g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s. Ricmrhkiss Ricm rhkiss j j`i‗s jstfgmk hisgc`mtgj` hi sgc`mtgj`,, g j`i gs lm`mcg`c lm`mc g`c jr ivi` g`tirmft g`ti rmftg`c g`c wgto pijpki, toi` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs m` issi`tgmk pmrt j j`i‗s djb. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` riqugris fjlpiti`fi g` vi lmdjr mrims4 kgsti`g`c, spimeg`c, rimhg`c, wrgtg`c, m`h `j`-virbmk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Srgtg`c m`h spimeg`c mri trm`slgssgj` segkks (si`hir-rikmtih segkks), m`h kgsti`g`c m`h rimhg`c mri rifiptgj` segkks (rifigvir-rikmtih segkks). Vegkk g` `j`-virbmk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi ‛o hgli`sgj` j fjllu`gfmtgj`.“ Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtjrs fjllu`gfmtjrs mri mbki tj usi `j`-virbmk lissmcis jr m brjmhir glpmft. M lm`mcir‗s rispj`sgbgkgty gs tj fjjrhg`mti, trmg`, fj`trjk, m`h rivgiw toi pirjrlm`fi j jtoirs m`h tj jvirsii risukts. G` toi prjfiss j hjg`c sj, toiy g`tirmft wgto jtoirs g` liitg`cs, g`tirvgiws, m`h g`tirpirsj`mk ixfom`cis, ms wikk ms vgm ripjrts, busg`iss prjpjsmks, m`h prisi`tmtgj`s. Lm`mcirs omvi tj kimr` tj lm`mci toigr jw` fjllu`gfmtgj` (pirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`), toigr fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto jtoirs (g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`), m`h toigr fjllu`gfmtgj` wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fj`tixt (crjup fjllu`gfmtgj`) tj mfogivi toi hisgrih risukts. Agvi mftjrs omvi fj`trgbutih tj toi crjwg`c glpjrtm`fi j iiftgvi g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` mt toi wjrepkmfi4 ❔
ifo`jkjcy4 I-lmgk, vjgfi lmgk, tixt lissmcis, m`h j`kg`i fomts mri sjli j toi lim`s torjuco wogfo tifo`jkjcy oms pirvmhih jur kgvis. ifo`jkjcy oms miftih toi wjrepkmfi tj sufo m` ixti`t tomt mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` oms bii` somrpky hifkg`g`c jvir toi yimrs. Xi hilm`hs j tifo`jkjcy omvi lmhi gt glpirmtgvi tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` bi qugfeir m`h imsgir tj u`hirstm`h. Xgs lim`s tomt toi km`cumci oms tj bi sglpkir, si`ti`fis sojrtir, m`h pmrmcrmpos fjoiri`t m`h fj`fgsi. Gt mksj bifjlis glpirmtgvi tj fj`viy iljtgj`s m`h si`sgtgvgty ivi` woi` lissmcis mri sojrt m`h frgsp. Xgs riqugris iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj`. `.
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Hgvirsgty4 Jrcm`gzmtgj`s mri ilpkjyg`c ljri hgvirsi pijpki tom` ivir bijri. Hgiri`tky mbkih ilpkjyiis ms wikk ms ilpkjyiis bikj`cg`c tj hgiri`t fukturis lg`cki m`h
wjre tjcitoir. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` mt toi wjrepkmfi lust toirijri ilpkjy bjto si`sgtgvgty m`h tmft.
Wju fm` omvi brgkkgm`t ghims, but ga yju fm`‗t cit toil mfrjss, yjur ghims wj`‗t cit yju m`ywoiri. Kii Gmfjffm=
2
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
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Hgspirsmk m`h hifi`trmkgzmtgj hifi`trmkgzmtgj`4 `4 Ljst ckjbmk jrcm`gzmtgj`s mri cijcrmpogfmkky hgspirsih tjhmy, g` jrhir tj bittir lm`mci toi sfmki j jpirmtgj`s m`h mfogivi crimtir istfgi`fy. Xgs pkmfis `iw `i w hilm`hs j` j`i‗s fjllu`gfmtgj` segkks, sg`fi toi trmhgtgj`mk tjp-hjw` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs g`iiftgvi g` sufo jrcm`gzmtgj`mk situps. Soi` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs `jt fi`trmkgzih, jrcm`gzmtgj`s lust hivikjp m fjlprioi`sgv fjlprioi`sgvii fjrpjrmti fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticy.
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gli fj`strmg`ts4 Ixifutgvis mri g`frimsg`cky prissih jr tgli. Sgto tgli ms m prilgul, fjllu`gfmtgj` `iihs tj bi ljri frgsp, jfusih, m`h prifgsi. Xgs riqugris ixfikki`t m`mkytgfmk segkks m`h toi mbgkgty tj ixpriss j`isik fkimrky m`h suffg`ftky.
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Kicmk kgmbgkgty4 Ms jrcm`gzmtgj`s crjw ljri prjissgj`mk, prjissgj`mk, kicmk gssuis `iih `ii h tj bi eipt g` lg`h. Xi wrgtti` jr spjei` wjrh gs susfiptgbki tj lgsg`tirpritmtgj`. Lissmcis lust toirijri bi fmriukky frmih tj fmrry ojli toi pjg`t wgtojut omrlg`c, himlg`c, jr lmkgc`g`c toi riputmtgj` j toi rifgpgi`t.
IAAIFXGQI FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs issi`tgmk jr toi survgvmk m`h prjcriss j m busg`iss fj`fir`. Lm`mcirs usi iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` segkks tj cit wjre hj`i. Xgs g`fkuhis frmg`c lim`g`cuk m`h pirsumsgvi lissmcis m`h busg`iss fjrrispj`hi`fi m`h usg`c `iw lihgm tj cit lissmcis mfrjss. Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs iiftgvi woi` gt prjhufis toi hisgrih mftgj` g` toi rimhir jr muhgi`fi. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` lim`s toi lissmci gs u`hirstjjh m`h mftih upj`, m`h `jt liriky si`t tj toi rifgpgi`t. Xi mbgkgty tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky gs issi`tgmk jr m busg`iss ixifutgvi. Ms Kii Gmfjffm pjg`tih jut g` toi jpi`g`c qujti j togs fomptir, m pirsj` lmy bi glli`siky e`jwkihcimbki jr segkkih, but g toigr ghims mri `jt fjllu`gfmt f jllu`gfmtih ih prjpirky, prjpirky, tojsi ghims mri ms cjjh ms mbsi`t. Vuffissuk fjllu`gfmtjrs bugkh glli`si cjjhwgkk. Xiy omvi m pjsgtgvi glpmft j` toi stmeiojkhirs wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`, g`fkuhg`c ilpkjyiis, supirvgsjrs, si`gjrs, fustjlirs, suppkgirs, m`h mssjfgmtis. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtjrs mksj bugkh cjjhwgkk jr toi fjlpm`y toiy riprisi`t. Vuffissuk fjllu`gfmtjrs mri mksj cjjh pkm``irs m`h pjssiss toi segkks tj trm`sir toigr e`jwkihci m`h ghims tj toi pijpki wojl toiy wjre wgto mt mkk kiviks j toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Vuffissuk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi ju`hmtgj` j m fjrhgmk m`h pkimsm`t wjreg`c rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` wjreirs toi lm`mcili`t, bitwii` m`h supirvgsjrs, m`h bitwii` fustjlirs m`hm`h suppkgirs. Istfgi`t g`tir`mk m`hsubjrhg`mtis ixtir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` pjkgfgis risukt g` fjrhgmk rikmtgj`s m`h wgkkg`c fjjpirmtgj` mlj`c ilpkjyiis. G`iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` systils, by toi smli kjcgf, risukt g` lgslm`mcili`t. Xiy fm` histrjy trust m`h i`ci`hir gkk wgkk, hipi`hg`c j` toi fj`tixt. M pjjrky wjrhih lissmci lmy risukt g` m fjllu`gfmtgj` brimehjw`. J` toi jtoir om`h, cjjh fjllu`gfmtgj` fj`trgbutis tj bittir sirvgfi, sir vgfi, riljvis lgsu`hirstm`hg`cs m`h hjubts, bugkhs cjjhwgkk, prjljtis prjljtis toi busg`iss, m`h imr`s mvjurmbki riiri`fis. Soi` m crjup j g`hustrgmk i`cg`iirs wiri mseih g` m stuhy g` =77> ojw toiy lgcot glprjvi prjhuftgvgty, fjllu`gfmtgj` fj`fir`s hriw toi strj`cist rispj`sis. Ljri tom` ?? pir fi`t j toi i`cg`iirs sur viyih stmtih tomt toi kmfe j fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h fjjpirmtgj` mlj`c hgiri`t fjlpj`i`ts fjlpj`i`ts j m busg`iss kimhs tj rihufih prjhuftgvgty prjhuftgvgty..2 FIJs omvi mksj rifjc`gzih toi glpjrtm`fi j fjllu`gfmtgj`. M stuhy by M. Ajstir Ogccg`s m`h Fjlpm`y, m` ilpkjyii-bi`it fj`suktg`c rl, ju`h tomt 73 pir fi`t j toi FIJs surviyih bikgivih tomt fjllu`gfmtg`c wgto ilpkjyiis pjsgtgviky mifts djb smtgsmftgj`. Aurtoirljri, toi surviy ju`h tomt 37 pir p ir fi`t tog`e tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` bi`its toi bjttjl kg`i5 but surprgsg`cky, j`ky 22 pir fi`t fi `t fjllu`gfmti wgto ilpkjyiis ilpkjyiis wiieky 6 jr ljri riqui`tky.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.=
6
Xoi mhvgsjry agrl Fjrpjrmti Ixifutgvi Bjmrh (FIB) fj`huftih m surviy tomt rivimkih tomt, g` jrhir tj ritmg` tmki`tih pijpki, m fjlpm`y sojukh hgrift gts ilpkjyiis tjwmrhs toi rgcot cjmks torjuco prjpir fjllu`gfmtgj`. Dust 2= pir fi`t ja toi surviyih ilpkjyiis wiri aju`h tj bi fjlpkitiky mwmri ja, m`h wjreg`c tjwmrhs, toi fjlpm`y‗s cjmks. ^jjr fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h m` g`fjlpiti`t lm`mcir lgcot bi toi rimsj` biog`h togs. Ga toi lm`mcir-kih mpprjmfo hjis`‗t wjre, toi` toi Xjw` Omkk mpprjmfo, g` wogfo toi si`gjr lm`mcili`t i`cmcis hgriftky g` m hgmkjcui wgto ilpkjyiis, lgcot bi suffissauk. Xoi surviy mksj rivimkih tomt ilpkjyiis woj wiri ljri i`cmcih g` toi prjfiss ja djb hisgc` wiri kgeiky tj bi ljri smtgsagih wgto toigr djbs. M lmdjr G`hgm` GX fjlpm`y rifi`tky fmucot m` ilpkjyii g` toi ag`m`fi hipmrtli`t ilbizzkg`c au`hs. G` jrhir tj mvjgh sufo fmsis, gt gs mkwmys glpjrtm`t tj glprjvi ilpkjyii fj`aghi`fi g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Xoi tjp lm`mcirgmk ru`c sojukh bi fj`sgsti`t g` biomvg`c itogfmkky m`h himkg`c hifgsgviky wgto lgsfj`huft. Gt gs mksj glpjrtm`t ajr toi lm`mcili`t tj rifjc`gzi toi iljtgj`mk tjkk tomt rifissgj` tmeis j` ilpkjyiis m`h tj i`suri tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` ricmrhg`c ag`m`fis gs mkwmys arm`e m`h ajfusih j` ilpkjyii fj`fir`s. Vjurfi 4 Mhmptih
arjl Lmoglm ^urg, ‛Ogco ^irajrlirs Oimh ajr Ixgt Hurg`c Ifj`jlgf Rifjviry,“ Xoi Ifj`jlgf Xglis (Lmrfo =9, 2>=>), mvmgkmbki mvmgkmbki mt4 ottp4//ifj`jlgftglis.g`hgmtglis.fjl/`iws/`iws-by-g`hustry/djbs/Ogco-pirajrlirs-oimh-ajr-ixgthurg`c-ifj`jlgf-rifjviry/mrtgfkisojw/91?633?.fls, mffissih j` Dm`umry 8, 2>==.
CJMKV JA FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs purpjsiuk. Xiri mri torii jbdiftgvis tj sufo fjllu`gfmtgj`4 ❔
j g`ajrl4 Soi` toi jbdiftgvi gs tj g`jrl, toi spimeir gs liriky ikufghmtg`c mfts, g`struftgj`s, rukis, cughikg`is, ixpkm`mtgj`s, m`h ixmlpkis.
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j pirsumhi4 Soi` toi g`ti`tgj` gs tj pirsumhi, toi spimeir mgls tj fom`ci bjto pirfiptgj` m`h lg`hsit. Xi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs g`ti`hih tj brg`c mbjut m fom`ci g` toi tmrcit, rjl toi furri`t tj m hisgrih stmti, torjuco m sirgis j pkm``ih stmtili`ts.
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j ljbgkgzi4 Soi` toi g`ti`tgj` gs tj ljbgkgzi toi rifgpgi`t j toi lissmci, toi spimeir jfusis j` m` mftgj` toi tmrcit sojukh tmei. Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fj`sghirih fjlpkiti woi` toi tmrcit oms rifigvih toi lissmci m`h u`hirstjjh gt, m`h mcriis tj
mft upj` gt.
X @ G J ^
Cjjh Cj jh fj fjll llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj gj`` fm fm`` j` j`ky ky bi g` pr prjpi jpirr I`c I`ckgkgso so..
Cjjh fj Cjjh fjll llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj` gj` ri riqu qugr gris is fk fkmr mrgtgtyy ja li liss ssmci mci,, gr grri risp spif iftgtgvi vi ja toi km`cumci usih.
Fjll Fj llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj gj`` jff jffur urss woi woi`` toi toi li liss ssmc mcii gs gs si` si`t. t.
Fjll Fj llu` u`gf gfmt mtgj gj`` jff jffur urss woi woi`` toi toi li liss ssmc mcii gs gs rif rifig igvi vih. h.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs m `mturmk prjfiss.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs m` mfqugrih/kimr`t prjfiss.
J`i fm` fm``jt `jt fom fom`ci `ci j`i j`i‗s ‗s bms bmsgf gf sty styki ki ja fjl fjllu` lu`gfm gfmtgj tgj`. `.
Fjllu`gfm Fjllu` gfmtgj tgj`` fm` mkwm mkwmys ys bi glprj glprjvih vih,, hipi`hg hipi`hg`c `c j` toi toi aiihbmfe j`i cits jr tmeis.
Cjjh fjllu`gfmtjrs mri ixfikki`t jr jrmtjrs.
Cjjh fjllu`gfmtjrs spime m`h kgkgsti` iqumkky wi wikk.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mbjut lmg`tmg`g`c rikmtgj`sogps wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mksj mbjut cittg`c m tmse hj`i g` toi lg`glul pjssgbki tgli m`h wgtog` m rimsj`mbki fjst.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs mbstrmft.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi limsurih.
F J Y @ X I R ^ J G @ X
8
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
J@I-SMW M@H XSJ-SMW FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Fjllu`gfmtgj` lmy bi fj`sghirih j`i-wmy woi` `j ripky gs ixpiftih jr hisgrih. Ajr ixmlpki, m pubkgf `jtgfi jutsghi m rjjl stmtg`c ‛rispmssirs prjogbgtih“ gs m fjllm`h jr jrhir tomt hjis `jt riqugri m rispj`si. G` jrcm`gzmtgj`s, ljst fjllu`gfmtgj`s mri twj-wmy, twj-wmy, wgto sjli iihbmfe jr jr rispj`si hisgrih rjl toi rifigvir. G m` jgfgmk rispj`si hisgrih tj mwjukh sgc` prjogbgtg`c i`tryG`stimh tj m pmrtgfukmr kjfmtgj`, m hgiri`t lim`s j wiri fjllu`gfmtgj` omvi tj bi usih. j puttg`c up m `jtgfi, m liljrm`hul liljrm`hul jr jr brgi i-lmgk lissmci wjukh omvi tj bi si`t tj toi oimhs j mkk hipmrtli`ts g`jrlg`c toil tomt i`try wms prjogbgtih tj tomt pmrtgfukmr rjjl. oi si`hir fjukh mse jr toi lissmci liss mci tj bi mfe`jwkihcih jr jr toi oimhs j toi hip mrtli`ts tj ripjrt womt mftgj` toiy wiri tmeg`c tj put toi jrhir g`tj iift. G toi si`hir wm`tih tj lmei toi lissmci ljri pirsumsgvi, m rimsj` jr toi riquist fjukh bi cgvi`‘jr ixmlpki, toi `iih tj prisirvi sifurgty g` m si`sgtgvi zj`i.
HGRIFXGJ@V JA FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Sgtog` m`y jrcm`gzmtgj`, toi fomrmftirgstgfs j m pmrtgfukmr pgifi j fjllu`gfmtgj` vmry bmsih j` woitoir toi lissmci gs cjg`c virtgfmkky (tjp-hjw` jr bjttjl-up) jr sghiwmys. Qirtgfmk fjllu`gfmtgj` g`vjkvis ljvili`t j m lissmci rjl supirgjrs tj subjrhg`mtis m`h vgfi virsm. Ojrgzj`tmk jr jr sghiwmys sghiwmys fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` g`vjkvis ljvili`t ljvili`t j m lissmci bitwii` ilpkjyiis j iqumk rm`e. Xgs gs gkkustrmtih g` Ixogbgt =.=. Xi lmg` usis j virtgfmk hjw`wmrhs fjllu`gfmtgj`s fjllu`gfmtgj`s mri4 ❔
j cgvi jrhirs jr g`struftgj`s
❔
j prjvghi jr mse jr g`jrlmtgj`
Xi lmg` usis j virtgfmk vir tgfmk upwmrhs fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` mri4 ❔
j hisfrgbi toi risukts j mftgj`s mf tgj`s
❔
j prjvghi g`jrlmtgj` tomt oms bii` riquistih
❔
j lmei riquists jr mppimks
Xi lmg` usis j ojrgzj`tmk, jr sghiwmys, fjllu`gfmtgj` mri4 ❔
j eiip iqumks g`jrlih j mftgj`s mf tgj`s tmei` jr risukts mfogivih
❔
j siie toi fju`sik jr jpg`gj` j piirs
❔
j hgsfuss prjbkils
❔
j fomt g`jrlmkky
FOM@@IKV JA FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xiri mri torii lmg` fom``iks j fjllu`gfmtgj`4 ❔
Ixogbgt =.=
Hgriftgj`s ja Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Vpjei`4 Xgs fom``ik g`fkuhis liitg`cs, prisi`tmtgj`s, jrmk g`struftgj`s, fomts, hgsfusVpjei`4 sgj`s, m`h sj j`.
Xjp-hjw`
Bjttjl-up
Vghiwmys
Fgrfukmrs
I-lmgks
I-lmgks
@iwskittirs
^rjpjsmks
Fomt
Liljs
Mppkgfmtgj`s
G`trm`it fjllu`gfmtgj`s
I-lmgks Liitg`c mci`hms
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
❔
Srgtti`4 Xi wrgtti` jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj` g`fkuhis bukkitg` bjmrh `jtgfis, fgrfukmrs, Srgtti`4 fgrfu kmrs, kittirs, liljrm`hm, ripjrts, prjpjsmks, m`h `jtis.
❔
Ikiftrj`gf4 Xgs litojh g`fkuhis i-lmgk, Ikiftrj`gf4 i -lmgk, g`stm`t lissmcg`c, vghij fj`iri`fg`c, poj`i lissmcis, vjgfi lmgks, m`h bkjcs.
Qgsumk mghs sufo ms fomrts, crmpos, hgmcrmls, pojtjcrmpos, m`h jtoir gkkustrmtgj`s mri ji` usih tj suppjrt lissmcis. Xiy Xi y sullmrgzi g`jrlmtgj` m`h prisi`t prisi `t gt g` m strgeg`c lm``ir.
LIXOJHV JA FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ M vmrgity j litojhs mri usih g` imfo j toi torii fom``iks. Vjli litojhs mri usih lmg`ky jr g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s, wogki jtoirs mri usih lmg`ky jr ixtir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. ❔
❔
Liitg`cs4 Amfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` jirs jppjrtu`gty jr hgsfussgj` m`h gllihgmti iihbmfe. Xi si`hir m`h rifigvir fm` fmtfo toi fuis m`h fkuis tomt toiy rifigvi rjl imfo jtoir m`h ljhgy toi lissmci mffjrhg`c tj togs gllihgmti iihbmfe. But mfi-tjmfi liitg`cs mri sjlitglis fjstky tj mrrm`ci g` tirls j tgli m`h lj`iy. Issi`tgmkky hisgc`mtih ms fjllu`gfmtgvi ivi`ts, liitg`cs g`vjkvi toi rmlg`c m`h fjhg`c j toi mci`hm, hitirlg`mtgj` j pmrtgfgpmtgj` frgtirgm, fom``ik-sikiftgj`, m`h ghi`tgfmtgj` j toi `jrls j spimeg`c m`h g`tirmftgj`.
^risi`tmtgj`s4 Lm`mcirs, ji` lilbirstoil j toigr usitoi prisi`tmtgj`s tj ixpkmg` m prjdift jr pkm` tj mffjlpm`gih fjkkimcuis m`hbypirsumhi tj stm, mffipt prisi`tir‗s pjg`t j vgiw. Qgsumk mghs sufo ms trm`spmri`fgis prjdiftih j`tj m sfrii` mri ji` usih tj gkkustrmti pjg`ts. ^risi`tmtgj`s ^risi`tmtgj`s mri mksj cgvi` ixtir`mkky tj fkgi`ts jr pjti`tgmk fkgi`ts. Ajr ixmlpki, m` mhvirtgsg`c mci`fy lgcot lmei m prisi`tmtgj` j gts mhvirtgsili`t fmlpmgc`. ^risi`tmtgj`s mkkjw m kmrci mlju`t j fjlpkix g`jrlmtgj` tj bi fjllu`gfmtih tj m kmrci `ulbir j pijpki mt toi smli tgli. Xiy mksj prjvghi jppjrtu`gtgis jr iihbmfe m`h hgsfussgj`.
❔
Srgtti` Lissmcis4 Ajrlmk busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj` gs wrgtti`. Xgs mkkjws jr m pirlm`i`t rifjrh tj bi frimtih m`h usih jr kmtir riiri`fi. Srgtti` fjllu`gfmtgj` risukts g` hikmyih iihbmfe, ojwivir, ms gt usumkky tmeis tgli jr lissmcis tj rimfo toigr tmrcits.
❔
^ubkgf `jtgfis j` bukkitg` bjmrhs4 ^ubkgf `jtgfis j` bukkitg` bjmrhs mri imsy m`h fjstiiftgvi litojhs tj fjllu`gfmti toi smli g`jrlmtgj` tj m kmrci `ulbir j pijpki. Ojwivir,, toiri gs `j wmy tj i`suri tomt `jtgfis mri rimh m`h ricgstirih5 ivi` g toiy mri Ojwivir rimh, toiy lgcot bi gc`jrih.
❔
liljrm`hul jr jr lilj lilj gs gs m tjp-hjw` jrl j wrgtti` g`tir`mk fjrriLiljrm`hm4 M liljrm`hul spj`hi`fi. @jwmhmys, liljs mri si`t torjuco i-lmgk m`h mri mksj fmkkih i-liljs i-liljs.. Liljrm`hm mri stgkk j`i j toi lmg` lim`s j fjllu`gfmtgj` wgtog` m busg`iss. Ysih tj hgssilg`mti g`jrlmtgj`, toiy mri usiuk jr lmeg`c mrrm`cili`ts jr riquists m`h si`hg`c fj`rlmtgj`s.
❔
Ripjrts4 Ripjrts mri wghiky usih g` busg`iss. Xiy mri toi wrgtti` iqugvmki`t j prisi`tmtgj`s. Qgsumk mghs sufo ms fomrts m`h pojtjcrmpos mri ji` usih tj gkkustrmti ripjrts. Xiri gs ci`irmkky m stm`hmrh jrlmt jr m ripjrt. Ljst ripjrts g`fkuhi toi `mli j toi mutojr(s), m tgtki, m brgi g`trjhuftgj`, oimhg`cs jr suboimhg`cs jr imfo siftgj`, m fj`fkusgj`, m`h m kgst j rifjlli`hmtgj`s.
❔
Vtm bukkitg`s jr lmcmzg`is4 Lm`y bgc rls pubkgso bukkitg`s jr kmrcir‘ji` rgfoky gkkustrmtih‘lmcmzg`is tj cgvi ilpkjyiis g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toi fjlpm`y fjlpm`y,, tj lmei toil iik toiy mri pmrt j m timl, m`h tj g`frimsi toigr ljrmki.
❔
Ikiftrj`gf lissmcis4 G` togs hmy m`h mci j ikiftrj`gf fjllu`gfmtgj`, g`jrlmtgj` oms tj bi hgssilg`mtih qugfeky, m`h ikiftrj`gf litojhs prjvghi toi lim`s tj hj dust tomt. Ifj`jlgfmk m`h istfgi`t, toiy mkkjw jr spiihy trm`slgssgj` j g`jrlmtgj`. Aiihbmfe gs usumkky qugfe, m`h lissmcis mri `imrky mkwmys rifjrhih. Ojwivir, ikiftrj`gf systils mri `jt imsy tj g`stmkk. M`h M` h g` jrhir tj mvjgh ‛frmsois,“ ogco kiviks j lmg`ti`m`fi mri riqugrih.
9
1
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
^ubkgf `jtgfis vgm bukkitg` bjmrhs mri imsy m`h fjst-iaaiftgvi litojhs tj fjllu`gfmti toi smli g`ajrlmtgj` tj m kmrci `ulbir ja pijpki.
❔
ikipoj`i fj`virsmtgj`s4 J`i j toi imrkgist m`h ljst wghiky privmki`t lim`s j fjllu`gfmtgj`, tikipoj`is mri usih jr bjto g`tir`mk m`h ixtir`mk ixfom`cis. Ljbgki tikifjllu`gfmtgj` tikifjllu`gfmtg j` usg`c Vojrt Lissmci Virvgfi Virv gfi (VLV) gs `jw g` vjcui.
❔
Fjllu`gfmtgj` torjuco fjlputirs4 Xi pirsj`mk fjlputir (^F), wogfo prjfissis hmtm mt i`jrljus spiih, oms rivjkutgj`gzih fjllu`gfmtgj` ms wikk ms lm`y jtoir
mspifts j busg`iss. By usg`c hgiri`t eg`hs j sjwmri, ^Fs fm` pirjrl m vmrgity j tmses, g`fkuhg`c wjrh prjfissg`c jr kittirs m`h hjfuli`ts, stjrg`c g`jrlmtgj` j` m hmtmbmsi, m`h lmeg`c `m`fgmk fmkfukmtgj`s fmkfu kmtgj`s usg`c m sprimhsoiit. ❔
Fjllu`gfmtgj` torjuco kjfmk mrim `itwjres4 Agrls fm` fj``ift mkk fjlputirs g` toi smli bugkhg`c tj jrl m kjfmk mrim `itwjre (KM@). Kg`eih fjlputirs fm` fjllu`gfmti wgto imfo jtoir m`h mksj somri fjllj` mfgkgtgis, sufo ms prg`tirs. Xi ^Fs mri mkk kg`eih tj m ljri pjwiruk fjlpu f jlputir tir jr sir vir, wogfo stjris m vmst mlju`t j g`jrlmtgj` m`h fm` si`h rikivm`t pmrts j m busg`iss pkm` tj fjlputirs g` hgiri`t hipmrtli`ts. M KM@ lmeis gt imsgir jr lm`mcirs tj mffiss g`jrlmtgj` rjl jtoir hipmrtli`ts m`h mksj lj`gtjr toi wjre wgtog` toigr jw` hipmrtli`t. By usg`c m ljhil, lissmcis fm` bi si`t mkj`c tikipoj`i kg`is. Xgs i`mbkis toi fjlpu f jlputir tir tj bifjli pmrt j m wghi mrim `itwjre (SM@), wogfo kg`es gt tj jtoir fjlputirs m`ywoiri g` toi wjrkh.
❔
Qghij fj`airi`fis4 Qghij fj`iri`fis mri j`kg`i fjllu`gfmtgj` tjjks tomt mfgkgtmti g`tirmftgj` bitwii` twj jr torii cijcrmpogfmkky hgspirsih u`gts j m ckjbmk rl. Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
❔
gs sy`forj`jus m`h toi spimeir gs mbki tj sii s ii m`h g`tirmft wgto toi pijpki mt toi jtoir i`h. ixm ft fjpy j m hjfuli`t tj m`jtoir mx lmfog`i Amx4 M mx jr mfsglgki lmfog`i fm` si`h m` ixmft m`ywoiri g` toi wjrkh. Xi si`hir pkmfis toi hjfuli`t g` m mx lmfog`i, hgmks toi mx `ulbir j toi rifgpgi`t, m`h toi mx lmfog`i mt toi jtoir i`h prg`ts m fjpy j toi hjfuli`t mutjlmtgfmkky. Kittirs, pkm`s, hgmcrmls, m`h hrmwg`cs fm` mkk bi trm`slgttih g` togs wmy.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
❔
I-lmgk4 Xi G`tir`it prjvghis ikiftrj`gf lmgk jr i-lmgk sirvgfi tj usirs mkk jvir toi wjrkh, m`h gs lufo qugfeir m`h foimpir tom` toi trmhgtgj`mk pjstmk sirvgfi. Xi sirvgfi prjvghir stjris toi lissmci g` m` ikiftrj`gf lmgkbjx u`tgk toi rifigvir vgiws gt.
Ixogbgt =.2 hgsfussis toi vmrgjus wmys g` wogfo pijpki lgcot fjllu`gfmti wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`.
KG@IV JA FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xi kg`i j fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiihs g` twj hgriftgj`s m`h ljvis bmfe m`h jrto. Gt gs m systilmtgf lim`s j eiipg`c g` tjufo wgto m busg`iss pmrt`ir. Ariqui`tky, Ariqui`tky, pijpki mssuli tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` ivjkvis j` gts jw`, but togs gs `jt toi fmsi. Xgs gs ispifgmkky trui g` fmsis j g`tir`mtgj`mk `icjtgmtgj`s, woiri fj`tmft m`h fjrrispj`hi`fi mri frgtgfmkky glpjrtm`t tj u`hirstm`hg`c toi jtoir sghi‗s `iihs m`h vgiwpjg`ts. Lmg`tmg`g`c m` jpi` kg`i j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs glpjrtm`t jr twj lmg` rimsj`s. Agrst, gt mifts toi hicrii m`h qumkgty j toi rikmtgj`sogp tomt oms bii` frimtih wgto toi pmrt`ir hurg`c `icjtgmtgj`s. Vifj`h, gt frimtis m pjsgtgvi glprissgj` j` toi pmrt`ir ricmrhg`c toi sirgjus`iss j j`i‗s j`i‗s g`ti`t m`h oikps tj bugkh m strj`c, kj`c-tirl busg`iss rikmtgj`sogp rikmtgj`sogp..
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ @IXSJREV Fjllu`gfmtgj` fom``iks mri kg`eih g` m `ulbir j wmys tj jrl fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjres. M fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre `itwjre hilmrfmtis toi pjsgtgj`s j toi si`hirs m`h rifgpgi`ts j g`jrlmtgj` g` m fjllu`gfmtgj` kjjp. Gt mifts toi qumkgty j timl hifgsgj`s ms wikk ms timl hy`mlgfs. Xi quistgj`s tomt `iih tj bi risjkvih wogki sittg`c up m fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre mri4 ❔
Soj sojukh bi m pmrt j m pmrtgfukmr `itwjre:
❔
Somt fom``iks j fjllu`gfmtgj` sojukh bi hivgsih tj fmrry fmrr y toi g`jrlmtgj` jrwmrh:
❔
Soj mri toi prglmry m`h sifj`hmry rifgpgi`ts j toi g`jrlmtgj`:
❔
Soj fj`trjks jr ricukmtis toi fljw j g`jrlmtgj` rjl j`i pjg`t tj toi jtoir:
Xiri mri twj typis j fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjres4 fi`trmkgzih m`h hifi`trmkgzih. G` fi`trmkgzih `itwjres, g`jrlmtgj` `itwjres, g`jrlmtgj` gs stjrih m`h ritrgivih rjl m fi`trmk pjjk jr ripjsgtjry. Xi g`jrlmtgj` oms tj pmss torjuco luktgpki kg`es tj rimfo toi g`ti`hih muhgi`fi. Xgs typi j `itwjre vmkuis pjwir jvir pmrgty m`h fi`trmkgzih hifgsgj`-lmeg`c jvir m hiljfrmtgf prjfiss.
Xypi
G`tir`mk
Ixtir`mk
Ajrl
Ajrlmk
Liljrm`hm, fgrfukmrs, `jtgfis, `iwskittirs, pri-prg`tih ajrls, sojrt ripjrts, prjpjsmks
Kittirs, priss rikimsis, ripjrts, prjpjsmks
Srgtti`
Ajrlmk
Qjgfi fmkks
Amxis, vjgfi fmkks
Ikiftrj`gf
Ajrlmk
Amfi-tj-amfi hipmrtli`tmk jr fjlpm`y liitg`cs, vjgfi fmkks, prisi`tmtgj`s
^risi`tmtgj`s, `icjtgmtgj`s, smkis fmkks
Vpjei`
Ajrlmk
Hifgsgj` suppjrt systils,
Qghij fj`airi`fis, muhgj
Ikiftrj`gf
i-liljs
fj`airi`fis, hifgsgj` suppjrt systils, i-lmgks
G`stm`t lissmcg`c, bkjcs, kg`es tj Sib sgtis
G`stm`t lissmcg`c, bkjcs, sjfgmk `itwjreg`c sgtis
G`ajrlmk
Ikiftrj`gf
Ixogbgt =.2
Smys tj Fjllu`gfmti g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`s
3
?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Xjuco hifgsgj`-lmeg`c gs qugfeir g` togs typi j `itwjre, lilbir smtgsmftgj` gs kjw. J` toi jtoir om`h, g` m hifi`trmkgzih `itwjre, g`jrlmtgj` `itwjre, g`jrlmtgj` gs lmhi mvmgkmbki tj ivirybjhy g` toi `itwjre. Hifgsgj`-lmeg`c gs fj`suktmtgvi fj`suktmtgvi m`h pmrtgfgpmtgvi, m`h ivirybjhy oms m stmei g` toi g`jrlmtgj`-prjfissg`c g`jrlmtgj`-prjfissg`c m`h hifgsgj`-lmeg`c prjfissis. Xgs gs pmrtgfukmrky usiuk usi uk woi` tmse fjlpkixgty fjlpkixgty g`frimsis m`h frimtgvi sjkutgj`s sjkutgj`s mri riqugrih tj lmei iiftgvi hifgsgj`s. Fomg` `itwjres, omgrpg` `itwjres, m`h woiik `itwjres mri typis j fi`trmkgzih `itwjres, woirims m`h fgrfukmrm`h `itwjres gkkustrmtisstmr-sompih fgrfukmr, woiik-sompih, fomg` `itwjres. `i hipgft twjres.hifi`trmkgzih `itwjres. Ixogbgt =.6
@IS FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ LIHGM G` toisi hmys j toi sj-fmkkih Xulbg`c Ci`irmtgj`, woi` toi G`tir`it gs imsgky mffissgbki m`h viry pjpukmr, toiri mri jvir m hjzi` hgiri`t fom``iks j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Ixogbgt =.8 prjvghis m` jvirvgiw j toisi `iw lihgm. Vjfgmk lihgm gs m fom``ik tomt mfgkgtmtis hgmkjcui bitwii` ilpkjyiis, toi jrcm`gzmtgj`, m`h ixtir`mk sjurfis. ^rivgjusky, pijpki fjukh cit g` tjufo wgto imfo jtoir torjuco m` i-lmgk, m tikipoj`i fmkk, jr m vjgfi lmgk. Ojwivir, toi `iw lihgm jirs fjllu`gfmtgj` mt hgiri`t kiviks. Fj`trmry tj pjpukmr bikgi, gt gs ljri m mfgkgtmtjr j fjllu`gfmtgj` tom` m lmreitg`c tjjk. Gt ilpkjys ljhir` lihgm lufo kgei m` i-lmgk tj fj``ift tj ilpkjyiis, fustjlirs, m`h fkgi`ts g` m` i`cmcg`c m`h j`cjg`c lm``ir. Rifrugtirs, fustjlir sirvgfi prjissgj`mks, pjti`tgmk fkgi`ts, m`h priss lmy mftgviky cit g` tjufo wgto m` g`hgvghumk jr m fjlpm`y torjuco sjfgmk lihgm tj i`cmci toil g` lim`g`cuk wmys. @itwjreg`c jr riirrmks, somrg`c g`jrlmtgj` mbjut j`i‗s jrcm`gzmtgj`, imsy lj`gtjrg`c j fustjlir fjlpkmg`ts, m`h fjlpkgli`ts fjlpkgl i`ts mri m iw bi`its j utgkgzg`c sjfgmk lihgm g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s. Xus, sjfgmk lihgm mkkjws us m wghir rimfo tom` m tikipoj`i, i-lmgk jr vjgfi lmgk. Xiri wms m tgli woi` m mfi-tj-mfi fj`virsmtgj` wms toi stmrtg`c pjg`t j mkk rikmtgj`sogps. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, tog`cs omvi fom`cih tjhmy. Rikmtgj`sogps Rikmtgj`sogps lgcot mksj stmrt torjuco toi pubkgf g`tirmftgj`s mfgkgtmtih by wgttir wgttir m`h Amfibjje. Vojrt, frgsp lissmcis fm` bi si`t vgm w wgttir gttir m`h pijpki fm` wghi` toigr sjfgmk `itwjres wgto toi oikp j Amfibjje. Xus, sjfgmk lihgm gs m` jpi` m`h trm`spmri`t lihgul tj somri m`h ikgfgt pubkgf rispj`sis rjl g`hgvghumks, jrcm`gzmtgj`s, m`h brm`hs. J`fi m prikglg`mry fj`tmft oms bii` istmbkgsoih, jrlmk jr g`jrlmk fjllu`gfmtgj` lmy jkkjw.
Xoi Fgrfki4 Hifi`trmkgzih @itwjre
Ixogbgt =.6 Vjli Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjres
Soiik-sompih4 Fi`trmkgzih @itwjre
Xoi Fomg`4 Fi`trmkgzih @itwjre
g e g S
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. s i k ` v h j g g m i t t s m h ` a m r u w i m j f j r g g i a b i s r r m ` u m h k m m ` ` j s g i w g f a t l l e l g o i s S b m j s m j f
s t s m f b i S
s i f y ` k i r m i u a s i ` v j g f u t i r i m f m ` t r g k i m t ` o ` J t g
j i h g v h ` m j g h u M
b i r i h i v c k ` r j m m y v k f ` ` j m m g t ‘ l r ` r r a i i t i j g m t u h u ` i k p p i i p i w l l r i f j j j g F f v s i p
i t s r j h o i t . s i t ` m b ` c t f g i l m ` m ` h j f a , g t s r l m i f m j i ` c i ` r s u s j m b i t g l ` l c s s k j m t s m m m l f s u l u j h s b f f ` i s j i p i s ` g j S u m h t l t
r i t t g w X
c c ` ` g g c e c r j j k b w t j r i i f t ` g g k s l m g b f h i j ` V m S
) s s r s t i t i c i m i f m s w r s m j o i t t h f l i p k t > u x m 8 i ( f a X j =
j t r r i t i t u p u p l l j F j f
s . c s f t ` s ` g s g ` i k k i i b r b m i ` p i g j i u ` x p l t i m e k i a k j f f m m m j ` r l ` t l u i l i j t j r j a s h t t h g j ` i r s i ` r w ` X u p m j g ` m
s i s i r m s o g f l k t t > x m 1 i o X t =
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i ) c V m s L s V i ( i l f t r g j v r o i V s
m g h i L ` j g t m f g ` u l l j F w i 8 @ . = t g b g o x I
t x i t t o r j s y r i Q
` s m r o i i t t c m s f
s i ` j o p t r m l V
s r o t i g t w u p s i l ` j j t f o k p g u k i b ` F g
s t s m f h j ^
w j o s j g h m r i ` g k ` J
j g h u m y k m u s Y j ` o t ` g g j w t , y f k m r ` i j t ` j g g h i u v M g k
c ` g t c ` m m s t s s i ` l G
t m o f i l g t k m i R
t x i t t r j o V
j t r r i t i t u p u p l l j F j f
o r i g s j t k w s ` m j y ` r r m p s u t i j ` r d i r i i l ` g l h k m ` J j f i r
t x i X
j t r r i t i t u p u p l l j F j f
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t ` i t ` j F
s c j k B a j s ` j h t g ` g g e m f t ` ` u i r l i a a l g j H f
m g h i L
. j i c c r ` m g i i o h c s t o ` i ` h t g ` ` v ` c s g j i j m g ` i r o t s f j i g p k i s a t ` r r m s r i m h i h i f l t l s ` f ` V u m i m G . h i i s ` ` b i j j m u g j y ` s s m s t r c i u f h g v ` m g y s s h i t t ` ` s i i m m t i m m s m f h r l p h h i l u s p j j ^ u t u ` j j f i c c ` f ` g ` h g i c r z ` g m i k i m s a b m s ` s . ` t i j g a ` f ` m l i s r ` f a m t j j t l g ` G i i s m . h g e i t g k i r k m s c f s i ` s G g f u m h . s i h s s ` . ` p h s c ` m ‗ j k s g i j i ` ` k y s k g ` o s t m t j b s g t k g c m g i m ` u p r j m m ` u k y h s g g ` i k i x h r v k l p m r g f m i i ` ` t h ` ` f l m j g s r ` k ` r m j g o f k p g s i b b r t ` ` x g i ` ` u M i a j o m i p I p
s i s Y
. ) ? > > 2 ( m h m v i @ , i j o m X i e m K t m
` j g t ` i v ` j F k m ` j g t m @ ) F B M ( s r j t m f g ` u l l j F s s i ` g s u B r j a ` j g t m g f j s s M i o t a j s c ` g h i i f j r ^
` g h i o s g k b u p “ , t u j b M c ` g e k m X y i o X i r m t m o S ‛ , r i t ` u L y r m L l j r a t h i p m h M 4 i f r u j V
=> =>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
QIRBMK M@H @J@-QIRBMK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ G` toi lgh-=71>s, ^muk Ielm` stuhgih iljtgj`s m`h ghi`tgih sgx mfgmk ixprissgj`s tomt mri u`gvirsmkky rifjc`gzih4 omppg`iss, smh`iss, m`cir, imr, hgscust, m`h surprgsi. Mktojuco ogs fj`ti`tgj`s fj`ti`tgj `s wiri fj`trjvirsgmk mt rst (ripjrts succist tomt oi wms bjjih bj jih j toi stmci woi` oi rst prisi`tih ogs risimrfo tj m crjup j m`torjpjkjcgsts m`torjpjkjcgsts m`h wms kmtir fmkkih m msfgst m`h m rmfgst), toiy`iihih mri `jw mffiptih. Ojwivir Ojwivir, , m` j`cjg`c fj`trjvirsy gs mbjut toi mlju`t j fj`tixt tj wghiky g`tirprit toisi mfgmk ixprissgj`s. Mffjrhg`c tj risimrfoir Mkbirt Liormbgm`, 99 pir fi`t fi `t j toi fj`ti`t j m lissmci gs toi vgsumk fjlpj`i`t, 6? pir fi`t gs toi muhgtjry fjlpj`i`t, m`h 3 pir pi r fi`t fjlis rjl toi km`cumci usih. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, toisi pirfi`tmcis j`ky mppky g` m viry `mrrjw fj`tixt. Hr Liormbgm` wms g`tiristih g` ojw kgsti`irs cit g`jrlmtgj` mbjut m spimeir‗s ci`irmk mttgtuhi g` sgtumtgj`s woiri toi mfgmk ixprissgj`, tj`i, m`h/jr wjrhs mri si`hg`c fj`flgftg`c sgc`mks. Oi hisgc`ih sjli ixpirgli`ts tj g`vistgcmti togs. G` j`i ixpirgli`t, Liormbgm` m`h Airrgs8 risimrfoih toi g`tirmftgj g`tirmftgj` ` j spiifo, mfgmk ixprissgj`s, ixprissgj`s, m`h tj`i. Xrii hgiri`t spimeirs wiri g`struftih tj smy ‛lmybi“ wgto torii hgiri`t mttgtuhis tjwmrhs toigr kgsti`ir4 pjsgtgvi, `iutrmk, jr `icmtgvi. @ixt, pojtjcrmpos j toi mfis j torii ilmki ljhiks wiri tmei` ms toiy mttilptih tj fj`viy toi iljtgj`s j kgei, `iutrmkgty, m`h hgskgei. ist crjups wiri toi` g`struftih tj kgsti` tj toi vmrgjus ri`hgtgj`s j toi wjrh ‛lmybi“ wogki vgiwg`c toi pgfturis j toi ljhiks, m`h mseih tj rmti toi mttgtuhis j toi spimeirs. @jti tomt toi iljtgj` m`h tj`i wiri ji` lgxih5 jr g`stm`fi, m mfgmk ixprissgj` sojwg`c hgskgei wjukh bi pmgrih wgto toi wjrh ‛lmybi“ spjei` g` m pjsgtgvi tj`i. Vgc`gfm`t iifts j mfgmk ixprissgj` m`h tj`i wiri ju`h g` toi stuhy. Qirbmk fjllu`gfmtgj` wms ju`h tj bi iiftgvi j`ky 3 pir fi`t j toi tgli, toi glpmft j vjfmk fjllu`gfmtgj` wms mssissih tj bi iiftgvi 6? pir fi`t j toi tgli, m`h mfgmk ixprissgj` m`h cisturis omh toi kmrcist glpmft (99 pir fi`t). G` jtoir wjrhs, mt kimst g`gtgmkky, ojw wi fjllu`gfmti wms hiilih tj bi ljri sgc`gfm`t tom` womt w omt wi fjllu`gfmti. Somt `mkky fm` bi fj`fkuhih gs tomt woi` pijpki fjllu`gfmti, m kgsti`ir hirgvis g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toi spimeir‗s mttgtuhi rjl vgsumk, tj`mk, m`h virbmk fuis5 ojwivir, toi pirfi`tmci hirgvih rjl imfo typi j fui fm` vmry crimtky hipi`hg`c upj` m `ulbir j jtoir mftjrs, sufo ms toi fj`tixt j toi fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h ojw wikk toi fjllu`gfmtjrs e`jw imfo jtoir. j hikgvir toi ukk glpmft j m lissmci, `j`-virbmk sgc`mks mri glpjrtm`t. Vjli `j`-virbmk sgc`mks mri4 ❔
❔
❔
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =.=
spimeir‗ss frihgbgkgty. frihgbgkgty. Iyi fj`tmft4 Iyi fj`tmft sgc`mks g`tirist g` jtoirs m`h g`frimsis toi spimeir‗ ^ijpki woj lmei iyi fj`tmft jpi` toi fljw j fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h fj`viy g`tirist, fj`fir`, m`h wmrlto. Xgs gs ispifgmkky ispif gmkky usiuk hurg`c prisi`tmtgj`s, `icjtgmtgj`s, `icjtgmtgj`s, liitg`cs, fju`sikkg`c, m`h cgvg`c m`h tmeg`c g`struftgj`s m`h iihbmfe. ii hbmfe. Amfgmk ixprissgj`s4 Vlgkg`c gs m pjwiruk fui tomt trm`slgts omppg`iss, rgi`hkg`iss, wmrlto, m`h kgeg`c. G`hgvghumks woj slgki riqui`tky mri pirfigvih ms ljri kgembki, rgi`hky, wmrl, m`h mpprjmfombki. Vlgkg`c gs ji` fj`tmcgjus m`h pijpki rimft rimf t mvjurmbky tj m slgkg`c pirsj`. Vlgkg`c g`hgvghumks lmei jtoirs iik fjljrtmbki m`h rihufi toigr m`xgity. G` m ci`ug`i slgki, toi lusfkis usih mri fj`trjkkih by toi kglbgf systil m`h jtoir pmrts j toi brmg` tomt mri `jt u`hir vjku`tmry fj`trjk. G` m piru`ftjry slgki, m hgiri`t pmrt j toi brmg` (fmkkih toi firibrmk fjrtix) gs usih. Xmt pmrt j toi brmg` gs fj`trjkkih vjku`tmrgky vjku` tmrgky.. Amei Amei slgkis, tous, usi m fjlpkit fjlpkitiky iky hgiri`t hgiri`t sit j lusfkis tom` ci`ug`i ci`ug`i j`is. j`is. Cisturis4 Vjli pijpki cistgfukmti wogki spimeg`c. Xgs ji` brg`cs vgcjur m`h vgbrm`fy tj toigr spiifo. Kgviky spimeirs mri pirfigvih ms ljri g`tiristg`c m`h fmptgvmtg`c tom`
Djb mppkgfm`tsLm`mcirs mt m firtmg` amst ajjhbydjg`t g` Dmpm` Dmp m` mriamfgmk mseihixprissgj`s tj hisfrgbiwgto toigrtoi ljst pkimsm`t ixpirgi`fis. toi`luktg`mtgj`mk ivmkumti mppkgfm`ts lmtfog`c toigr ixpirgi`fis toiy rifju`t. Ga toi slgki gs pirfigvih tj bi oypjfrgtgfmk, toiy mri `jt rifrugtih ajr fustjlir sirvgfi.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.2
==
Xoi rukis ja busg`iss itgquitti eiip ivjkvg`c but toi bgccist fom`ci g` toi kmst hifmhi oms bii` wgto rispift tj ci`hir. Xjhmy, Xjhmy, ms ljri m`h ljri wjli` i`tir toi wjrepkmfi, busg`iss oms bifjli ci`hir-`iutrmk. c i`hir-`iutrmk. Criitg`cs4 ^rjaissgj`mk om`hsomeis mri priairrih jvir lmsfukg`i jr ailg`g`i om`hsomeis. Xoi om`hsomei
sojukh bi agrl m`h qugfe, m`h toiri gs `j prjtjfjk ms tj woj sojukh jaair toi om`hsomei agrst. Busg`iss liitg`cs4 liitg`cs4 Bjto li` m`h wjli` mri ixpiftih tj stip arjl biog`h toigr hise tj somei om`hs m`h
jaair m simt tj toigr vgsgtjrs. Lmg`tmg`g`c mpprjprgmti iyi fj`tmft, rispiftg`c pirsj`mk spmfi, m`h isfjrtg`c vgsgtjrs tj toi kjbby/ikivmtjr mt toi i`h ja toi liitg`c gs ixpiftih arjl mkk prjaissgj`mks. Mt busg`iss ku`fois jr hg``irs, toi pirsj` woj ixti`hih toi g`vgtmtgj` pmys, grrispiftgvi ja ci`hir. G`trjhuftgj`s4 Li` m`h wjli` mri ixpiftih tj stm`h ajr mkk g`trjhuftgj`s m`h woi` ixfom`cg`c busg`iss
fmrhs. Rukis ajr lmeg`c g`trjhuftgj`s g` toi fjrpjrmti mri`m mri hrgvi` by rm`e jr ogirmrfoy m`h `jt ci`hir. Xgtkis4 Sjli` mri g`trjhufih jr mhhrissih usg`c toi tgtki ‛Ls“ g` mkk spjei` m`h wrgtti` busg`iss fjl-
lu`gfmtgj`. Ga toiy priair tj bi mhhrissih ms ‛Lrs“ jr ‛Lgss,“ toiy mri ixpiftih tj g`ajrl toigr busg`iss mssjfgmtis mffjrhg`cky. ^rjprgity4 M om`hsomei gs toi j`ky poysgfmk fj`tmft bitwii` prjaissgj`mks g` toi wjrepkmfi. Ysg`c tirls ja
i`himrli`t, cgvg`c ixfissgvi fjlpkgli`ts, jr frmfeg`c jaa-fjkjur djeis gs fj`sghirih g`mpprjprgmti. Xoiri mri strgft sixumk omrmssli`t kmws ricmrhg`c jaai`fis ja sufo eg`h. Fgvgkgty g` toi wjrepkmfi4 Sjli` hj `jt ixpift li` tj ojkh jpi` hjjrs ajr toil‘toi pirsj` woj rimfois
toi hjjr agrst gs ixpiftih tj ojkh gt jpi` ajr toi jtoir pirsj`. Vglgkmrky, toi pirsj` fkjsist tj toi ikivmtjr hjjr/ fmr hjjr ixgts agrst. Ricmrhkiss ja ci`hir, j`i gs ixpiftih tj oikp m fjkkimcui fmrry oimvy agkis, omgk m fmb, jr oikp wgto toi kuccmci g` m` mgrpkm`i mgski. Vjurfi 4
X@@, ‛Fjrpjrmtis Ximl up tj Mvjghg`c Ci`hir-bgms“, Xoi Ifj`jlgf Xglis (Aibrumry 22, 2>>?), mvmgkmbki mt4 ;ottp4//ifj`jlgftglis.g`hgmtglis.fjl ;ottp4//ifj`jlgftgli s.g`hgmtglis.fjl/aimturis/fjrpjrmti-hjss /aimturis/fjrpjrmti-hjssgir/ gir/fjrpjrmtis-timl-up-tj-mvjghg`c-ci`hir-bgms/mrtgfkifjrpjrmtis-timl-up-tj-mvjghg`c-ci`hir-bgms/mrtgfkisojw/2?>6=81.fls0, sojw/2?>6=8 1.fls0, mffissih j` Dm`umry 8, 2>==.
hukk spimeirs, woj rmriky usi cisturis. Mpmrt rjl lmeg`c toi fj`virsmtgj` g`tiristg`c, cisturis, woi` usih mpprjprgmtiky, mksj mfgkgtmti crimtir u`hirstm`hg`c. Ajr g`stm`fi, m om`hsomei gs m sugtmbki bmrjlitir tj duhci m pirsj`‗s fjllu`gfmtgj` segkks m`h pirsj`mkgty. ❔
^jsturi m`h bjhy jrgi`tmtgj`4 ^jsturi m`h bjhy stm`fi mri toi litm-lissmcis tomt m spimeir‗s bjhy fj`viys tj toi muhgi`fi. M` irift pjsturi g`hgfmtis pjsgtgvgty m`h fj`hi`fi wogki m hrjjpy pjsturi g`hgfmtis `irvjus`iss `ir vjus`iss jr pmssgvgty. pmssgvgty. Kim`g`c jrwmrh, `jhhg`c j`i‗s oimh, m`h lmeg`c riqui`t iyi fj`tmft g`hgfmti rifiptgvgty m`h mpprjmfombgkgty, wogki toi rivirsi ojkhs trui jr kim`g`c bmfewmrhs, sprmwkg`c j`i‗s kics, m`h omvg`c m fmsumk styki.
❔
^rjxglgty4 Fukturmk `jrls hgftmti toi fjljrtmbki hgstm`fi jr g`tirmftgj` wgto jtoirs. Iviry g`hgvghumk oms m fjljrt zj`i m`h m hgsfjljrt zj`i woi` g`tirmftg`c wgto jtoirs. ^rjxglgty `jt j`ky g`hgfmtis poysgfmk fkjsi`iss but mksj kiss j m pjwir cmp bitwii` toi fjllu`gfmtjrs. Xi ogco-bmfeih fomgr, kj`c tmbki, m`h hgstm`fi rjl toi hjjr g`hgfmti m FIJ‗s mutojrgty m`h tomt FIJs ci`irmkky priir jrlmkgty g` toigr mpprjmfo. M lm`mcir woj priirs m rju`h tmbki g` toi liitg`c rjjl ci`irmkky cgvis toi glprissgj` j big`c icmkgtmrgm` g` toigr jutkjje. M subjrhg`mti woj pkmfis hjfuli`ts j` m fjkkimcui‗s tmbki wgtojut pirlgssgj` pir lgssgj` lmy mrjusi m``jym`fi g` toi kmttir kmttir.. Ci`irmkky gt gs mcriih tomt =? g`fois gs toi hgstm`fi lmg`tmg`ih jr rgi`hs m`h mlgky5 mbjut =? g`fois tj 8 iit gs toi mpprjprgmti hgstm`fi jr fjkkimcuis, m`h, jr ivi` ljri jrlmk rikmtgj`-
❔
sogps, 8 iit tj =2 iit gs sugtmbki. Mppimrm`fi4 Xgs g`fkuhis mtti`tgj` tj fkjtog`c, pirsj`mk crjjlg`c, m`h mffissjrgzg`c. Jur poysgfmk mppimrm`fi rivimks jur g``irljst iikg`cs ms tj ojw wi wjukh kgei tj bi vgiwih by jtoirs. Gt gs toi ljst `jtgfimbki mspift j sik g` rikmtgj` tj toi ixtir`mk wjrkh.
=2 =2
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
❔
Qjfmk ikili`ts4 Qjfmk ikili`ts sufo ms tj`i, pgtfo, roytol, tglbri, kjuh`iss, m`h g`fliftgj` mri viry glpjrtm`t jr toi glpmft j m`y lissmci. M strj`c lissmci fj`viyih g` m hukk vjgfi gs u`g`tiristg`c. Vpimeirs woj omvi m fjoiri`t mrculi`t lust mksj g`dift pmssgj` g`tj toigr spiifo jr crimtir glpmft.
XOI CRM^IQG@I Xi tirl crmpivg`i tirl crmpivg`i gs gs bikgivih tj omvi jrgcg`mtih hurg`c toi Mlirgfm` Fgvgk Smr, Smr, woi` tikicrmpo kg`is wiri sjlitglis stru`c rjl trii tj trii, risilbkg`c ris ilbkg`c crmpivg`is. Bifmusi j toigr rgccih `mturi, toisi tikicrmpo systils ji` ci`irmtih mlbgcujus m`h cmrbkih lissmcis. G`jrlmk m`h sjlitglis hgstjrtih lissmcis wiri oi`fi smgh tj fjli rjl toi crmpivg`i. Xi fjrpjrmti crmpivg`i gs toi g`jrlmk fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre tomt jpirmtis wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Gt fm` bi hisfrgbih ms m` g`vgsgbki fljw j ruljur, g``ui`hj, m`h spifukmtgj` tomt ru`s wgtog` toi g`jrlmk fom``ik j toi jrcm`gzmtgj`, ji` bypmssg`c toi fomg` j fjllm`h m`h toi jstfgmk kg`is j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt gs `ifissmry `ifissmr y jr lm`mcili`t tj prjvghi fjlpkiti g`jrlmtgj`. G togs gs `jt hj`i, toi` ilpkjyiis wgkk kk g` toi cmps m`h toi stjry wgkk tmei j` m kgi j gts jw`. Ojwivir, gt gs `jt `ifissmrgky trui tomt crmpivg`i gs omrluk. Soi` prjpirky `urturih, fjrpjrmti crmpivg`i fm` bi m vmkumbki mssit. Xi lmg` wmy g` wogfo wo gfo toi crmpivg`i fm` f m` oikp gs g` cittg`c m iik jr toi ‛puksi ‛puksi““ j toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Ilpkjyirs woj truky u`hirstm`h togs usi toi crmpivg`i tj cit m iik j womt toi ilpkjyiis tog`e mbjut m` ixgstg`c jr glpi`hg`c sgtumtgj`. Xgs oikps tj mssiss toi ljrmki j toi wjrejr wjrejrfi fi ms wikk ms tj ivmkumti toi istfmfy j toi ixgstg`c fom``iks j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt gs mksj usiuk g` ghi`tgyg`c toi pjg`ts mt wogfo lgsg`jrlmtgj lgsg`jrlmtgj` ` m`h lgsu`hirstm`hg`cs jffur. jf fur. Vivirmk stuhgis omvi ixpkjrih toi usi j toi crmpivg`i. J`i stuhy by Hi Lmri 9 fj`ti`hs tomt `imrky 3> pir fi`t j mkk jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` jffurs mt toi crmpivg`i kivik. Risimrfo succists tomt m pirsj` pirsj`‗‗s pjsgtgj` g` toi g`jrlmk fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj` ` `itwjre fjrrikmtis wgto mfogivili`t m`h hilj`strmtgj` j pjwir. Xiri mri sivirmk fmsi stuhgis tomt rivimk tomt lm`mcirs usi toi crmpivg`i tj jutlm`jiuvri m`h jutslmrt jtoirs. ^mttir`s j vjku`tmry tur`jvir sgc`gfm`tky kg`e tj toi oimvy prisi`fi j g`jrlmk fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjres wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`. G` mft, m ogco kivik j crmpivg`i mftgvgty gs mssjfgmtih wgto striss, lihgfmtgj`, g`sifurgty, m`h imr. Vtuhgis rivimk hgspmrgty bitwii` m lm`mcir‗s pirfiptgj` j ojw toiy fjllu`gfmti m`h ilpkjyiis‗ pirfiptgj` j toi smli. Firtmg` fj`hgtgj`s lgcot glpmft crmpivg`i mftgvgty. Xisi g`fkuhi ojw g`ti`siky ilpkjyiis mssjfgmti wgto toi crmpivg`i, ojw glpjrtm`t toi gssui u`hir hgsfussgj` gs tj ilpkjyiis, toi mlbgcugty j toi sgtumtgj`, ms wikk ms toi kivik j trust g` toi jrlmk fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre.
LGVFJLLY@GFMXGJ@ M@H FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ AMGKYRIV Lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` fm` jffur hui tj kmpsis j` toi pmrt j toi si`hir, toi rifigvir, jr toi fom``ik usih jr fjllu`gfmtg`c. ❔
Xi si`hir4 G` sjli fmsis, toi si`hir gs tj bkmli. Xi lissmci lmy `jt bi fkimr m`h mffurmti jr sglpki i`juco tj bi u`hirstjjh by toi rifigvir. Gt lmy bi bmhky prisi`tih jr sj bjrg`c jr fjlpkgfmtih tomt gt mgks tj ojkh toi rifigvir‗s mtti`tgj`. mtti`tgj`. Xi si`hir s i`hir lmy omvi `jt tmei` fmri tj rmli toi lissmci mffjrhg`c tj toi `iihs `ii hs j toi rifgpgi`t, ms m risukt j wogfo toi rifigvir lmy tu`i toi lissmci jut. Mt tglis toi si`hir lmy usi omrso wjrhs tomt fmusi toi rifigvir tj sou` toi lissmci fjlpkitiky. fjlpkitiky.
❔
Xi rifgpgi`t4 Rifigvirs lmy bi u`wgkkg`c tj tmei g` toi lissmci bifmusi toiy mri tjj
busy, bifmusi toiy omvi lmhi up toigr lg`h mbjut toi gssui mt om`h mkrimhy, jr bifmusi busy, toiy mri bgmsih tjwmrhs toi si`hir jr toi si`hir‗ si`hir‗ss lissmci. Xi rifgpgi`t lmy bi bgmsih tjwmrhs toi si`hir jr omvi lmhi mukty mssulptgj`s mbjut toi si`hir, ms m risukt j wogfo toi si`hir lmy omvi mgk tj lmei m` glpmft.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
❔
Xi fom``ik4 Xi fojgfi j fom``ik lmy mksj bi toi fmusi j lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. Ajr g`stm`fi, g toi si`hir usis toi poj`i jr wrgtis m` glpirsj`mk i-lmgk g` m sgtumtgj` woi` mfi-tj-mfi mfi-tj-m fi fjllu`gfmtgj` wjukh omvi bii` ljri mpprjprgmti, gt lmy ji`h toi rifigvir.
Xiri omvi bii` `ulirjus wikk-hjfuli`tih fmsis j lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi pubkgf mri`m. Ajr ixmlpki, toi BD^‗s G`hgm Vog`g`c fmlpmgc` omh glli`si pjkgtgfmk glpkgfmtgj`s. Xgs wms m` G@R =,>>> lgkkgj` fmlpmgc` tomt jfusih j` toi mfogivili`ts m fogivili`ts j toi (toi`) BD^ Cjvir`li`t j G`hgm. Xi pu`fo kg`i wms ixfikki`t m`h toi mhvirtgsili`t wms wikk tglih m`h wikk ixifutih. Ojwivir, toi fmlpmgc` mgkih tj hrmw g` toi frjwhs mt toi tgli j toi pjkks, lmg`ky sg`fi toi mhvirtgsili`t omh tmrcitih j`ky toi tjp twj siftgj`s j sjfgity. Y`g`ti`tgj`mk Y`g`ti` tgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` bku`hirs mri mksj m ksj `jt u`fjllj`. u`f jllj`. Mlirgfm` Ljtjrs Fjrpjrmtgj` j`fi trgih tj lmreit gts `iw fmr, toi Lmtmhjr, bmsih j` toi glmci j fjurmci m`h stri`cto. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, g` Vpm`gso, toi wjrh ‛lmtmhjr“ lim`s egkkir. Ms m risukt, toi fmr wms `jt pjpukmr j` Vpm`gso rjmhs. Vglgkmrky, g` =777, Frmyjkm wms fjlpikkih tj fom`ci toi `mli j m somhi j rih tj ‛Foist`ut“ rjl ‛G`hgm` Rih“ bifmusi stuhi`ts lgstjje toi kmttir ms m rmfgst riiri`fi tj toi seg` fjkjur j @mtgvi Mlirgfm`s. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, g` rimkgty toi `mli fmli rjl m rihhgso-brjw` pgcli`t ju`h g` G`hgm m`h fjllj`ky usih g` jgk pmg`t. 1 G` 2>>6, sivi` mstrj`muts hgih ms toi spmfi souttki Fjkulbgm brjei upj` ri-i`try g`tj toi Imrto‗s mtljspoiri. M` g`hipi`hi`t g`vistgcmtgj` timl spi`t lj`tos stuhyg`c tojusm`hs j pgifis j hibrgs, ms wikk ms hmtm rifjvirih rjl fjlputirs tomt trmfeih toi Fjkulbgm‗s `mk ljli`ts. Xi fj`fkusgj`s j toi Fjkulbgm Mffghi`t G`vistgcmtgj` Bjmrh, pubkgsoih g` Mucust toi jpg`gj` tomt m brimfo toi souttki‗s sogikh j` tmei-j fmusih gt tj2>>6, brimeixprissih up j` ri-i`try. Xi ripjrt wms mksjjogcoky frgtgfmkoimt j toi @mtgj`mk Mirj`mutgfs m`h Vpmfi Mhlg`gstrmtgj Mhlg`gstrmtgj` ` (@MVM) gtsik, smyg`c lm`mcili`t bku`hirs wiri ms lufo tj bkmli jr togs trmcihy ms tifo`gfmk prjbkils jr toi histruftgj` j toi souttki. 3 Ms ljst lm`mcili`t bku`hirs omppi` ms m risukt j lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` mt j`i kivik ki vik jr m`jtoir, togs lgcot bi m kissj` `j j`i wgkk jrcit g` m ourry ourr y. J` m pirsj`mk kivik, lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` m`h u`risjkvih gssuis usumkky g`vjkvi ourt iikg`cs m`h iljtgj`mk turljgk. Ljst ji` tom` `jt, pijpki hj `jt e`jw ojw tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky,, m`h togs usumkky oms m ‛s`j iiftgviky ‛s`jwbmkkg`c“ wbmkkg`c“ iift. Ajr ixmlpki, m lgsu`hirstm`hg`c wgto j`i‗s spjusi lgcot kimh j`i tj big`c hgstrmftih mt m liitg`c, wogfo lgcot kimh tj lgsu`hirstm`hg`cs wgto m bjss jr fjkkimcuis. Xgs, g` tur`, lgcot j`fi mcmg` kimh j`i tj biomvi crulpgky wgto j`i‗s mlgky. Rispj`hi`ts j m surviy ripjrt tomt by mr toi bgccist gssui g` wjreg`c wgto jsojri prj vghirs gs lgsfjllu`gfmtgj lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Hgiri`t fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj` ` stykis m`h hgirg`c mpprjmfois tj fj`flgft risjkutgj` lgcot risukt g` lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. Xgs, g` tur`, lgcot omlpir prjhuftgvgty m`h timlwj timlwjre. re.
BMRRGIRV XJ FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` jffurs j`ky g toi rifigvir u`hirstm`hs toi ixmft g`jrlmtgj` jr ghim tomt toi si`hir g`ti`hih tj trm`slgt. Vtuhyg`c toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss gs glpjrtm`t bifmusi lm`mcirs fjmfo, fjjrhg`mti, fju`sik, ivmkumti, m`h supirvgsi supir vgsi torjuco togs prjfiss. Gt gs toi fomg` j u`hirstm`hg`c tomt g`ticrmtis toi lilbirs j m` jrcm`gzmtgj` rjl tjp tj bjttjl, rjl bjttjl bjttjl tj tjp, m`h rjl sghi tj sghi. Hispgti toi bist g`ti`tgj`s j toi si`hir m`h rifigvir, sivirmk bmrrgirs g`ogbgt toi iiftgvi ixfom`ci j g`jrlmtgj`. Ixifutgvis istglmti tomt =9 pir fi`t j toigr tgli gs wmstih jwg`c tj pjjr fjllu`gfmtgj`s wgto ilpkjyiis. ilpkjyiis. Xgs trm`skmtis g`tj mpprjxglmtiky mpprjxglmtiky ? wiies pir pirsj` imfo yimr. Vjli j toi vmrgjus bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` mri hgsfussih g` togs siftgj`.
Xoi @jgsi Bmrrgir @jgsi gs @jgsi gs m`y rm`hjl jr pirsgsti`t hgsturbm`fi tomt jbsfuris, rihufis, jr fj`usis toi fkmrgty jr qumkgty j toi lissmci big`c trm`slgttih. G` jtoir wjrhs, gt gs m`y g`tiriri`fi tomt tmeis pkmfi bitwii` toi si`hir m`h toi rifigvir. Xgs gs woy wi ci`irmkky ghi`tgy m`y fjllu`gfmtgj`
=6
=8 =8
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
prjbkil tomt fm`‗t bi ukky ixpkmg`ih ms `jgsi. Xi bgccist sg`cki fmusi j g`tiriri`fi g` toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss gs toi mssulptgj` tomt toi mft j fjllu`gfmtg`c gs m sglpki prjfiss tomt hjis `jt riqugri lufo tojucot jr prmftgfi m`h tomt mkk iiftgvi lm`mcirs mri bjr` wgto togs segkk. Xgs gs `jt trui. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` fjlis j`ky wgto stuhy m`h prmftgfi. Xi iiftgvi`iss j toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss gs hipi`hi`t j` toi fmpmbgkgtgis j toi pijpki g`vjkvih. j jvirfjli toi `jgsi bmrrgir, j`i lust hgsfjvir toi sjurfi j toi `jgsi. Xgs lmy `jt bi imsy. @jgsi mppimrs g` m vmrgity j wmys. Hurg`c m fj`virsmtgj`, g j`i gs hgstrmftih by toi pgfturis j` toi wmkk, toi vgiw rjl toi wg`hjw, m ripjrt kyg`c jpi` j` m hise, jr m fj`virsmtgj` tmeg`c pkmfi g` m` mhdmfi`t rjjl, toi` toiri gs `jgsi miftg`c toi qumkgty qum kgty j toi fjllu`gfmtgj`. J`fi toi sjurfi j toi `jgsi oms bii` ghi`tgih, stips fm` bi tmei` tj jvirfjli gt. Xi `jgsi bmrrgir fm` fm`‗t ‗t mkwmys bi jvirfjli but, jrtu`mtiky, jrtu`mtiky, dust toi mwmri`iss j gts ixgsti`fi fm` oikp tj glprjvi toi fljw j fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Xoi Aiihbmfe ^rjbkil Aiihbmfe gs Aiihbmfe gs rimftgj`. Sgtojut gt, toi si`hir j toi lissmci fm``jt e`jw woitoir toi rifgpgi`t oms rifigvih toi i`tgri lissmci m`h crmspih crmspi h gts g`ti`t. Aiihbmfe g`fkuhis virbmk m`h `j` virbmk rispj`sis tj m`jtoir pirsj`‗ pirsj`‗s lissmci. Gt Gt gs tous tous toi ritur` j m pjrtgj` pjrtgj` j toi lissmci tj toi si`hir wgto `iw g`jrlmtgj`. Gt ricukmtis bjto toi trm`slgssgj` m`h toi rifiptgj` j toi lissmci. Xi prjfiss gs issi`tgmkky strmgcotjrwmrh4 toi si`hir trm`slgts toi lissmci vgm toi ljst sugtmbki fjllu`gfmtgj` lihgul, toi rifigvir cits toi lissmci m`h hifjhis gt, m`h toi` prjvghis iihbmfe tj toi si`hir. Soi` toi lissmci gs trm`slgttih m`h iiftgviky rifigvih, iihbmfe sirvis ms m ricukmtg`c hivgfi. Xi si`hir fj`tg`umkky mhdusts toi trm`slgssgj` g` rispj`si tj toi iihbmfe. Aiihbmfe mksj mkirts toi si`hir tj m`y hgsruptgvi `jgsi tomt lmy glpihi rifiptgj` j toi lissmci. Aiihbmfe `jt j`ky ricukmtis toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss, but rig`jrfis m`h stglukmtis stglukmtis gt. G` mft, gt mftumkky sirvis sir vis ms toi omkklmre j hgmkjcui, bifmusi gt jrfis fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h lmeis gt twj-sghih. wj-sghih ixprissgj`, woi` fjlbg`ih wgto lutumk iihbmfe, bifjlis m hgmkjcui. Aiihbmfe fm` lm`gist gtsik g` toi jkkjwg`c wmys4 ❔
Ivmkumtgvi4 Ivmkumtgvi iihbmfe duhcis toi wjrtog`iss j toi jtoir pirsj`. Oiri‗s m` ixmlpki4 ‛G iik tomt togs prjdift oms firtmg` km`cumci flmws tomt privi`t gt rjl big`c pubkgsoih g` togs djur`mk.“
❔
G`tirpritgvi4 G`tirpritgvi iihbmfe ci`irmkky pmrmpormsis toi jtoir pirsj`‗s stmtili`t. Oiri‗s m` ixmlpki4 ‛Wju lim` tj smy tomt fjrruptgj` bicg`s wgto us, rgcot:“
❔
Vuppjrtg`c4 Vuppjrtg`c iihbmfe ljtgvmtis m`h bjkstirs toi jtoir pirsj`. Oiri‗s m` ixmlpki4 ‛G mcrii wgto yjur stmtili`t tomt wi lust `jt tmei g`subjrhg`mtgj` kyg`c hjw`.“
❔
^rjbg`c4 ^rjbg`c iihbmfe siies tj fkmrgy m`h cmg` mhhgtgj`mk g`jrlmtgj`. Oiri‗s m` ixmlpki4 ‛Somt hjis fjrruptgj` lim` tj yju:“
❔
Y`hirstm`hg`c4 Y`hirstm`hg`c iihbmfe siies tj hifgpoir toi jtoir pirsj`‗s lim`g`c. Oiri‗‗s m` ixmlpki4 ‛Somt yju mri tryg`c Oiri tr yg`c tj smy gs tomt wi j`ky vjti jr toi fjrrupt, m`h tomt gs woy wi mri fjrrupt g` toi rst pkmfi.“ pkmfi.“
Xiri gs `j iihbmfe g` j`i-wmy fjllu`gfmtgj`. Vufo fjllu`gfmtgj` g`vjkvis pmssg`c ghims, g`jrlmtgj`, hgriftgj`s, m`h g`struftgj`s rjl ogcoir lm`mcili`t hjw` toi fomg` j fjllm`h wgtojut mseg`c jr m rispj`si jr foifeg`c tj sii g m`y rimftgj` oms tmei` pkmfi mt mkk. But ms wi omvi hgsfussih, gt gs `jt i`juco tj dust i`suri tomt toi lissmci oms bii` rifigvih. Ajr fjllu`gfmtgj` tj bi iiftgvi, m twj-wmy prjfiss lust ixgst sj tomt toi si`hir e`jws woitoir toi lissmci oms bii` u`hirstjjh . Xi twj-wmy fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss g`vjkvis si`hg`c m lissmci hjw` toi fomg` j fjllm`h m`h trm`slgttg`c m rispj`si fj`tmg`g`c g`jrlmtgj`, ghims, m`h iikg`cs bmfe up toi fomg`. G` virbmk, mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj`, toi prjfiss hjis`‗t omppi` siqui`tgmkky. G`stimh, mkk j toisi mftgj`s jffur mkljst
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
sgluktm`ijusky. Ajr ixmlpki, toi si`hir mfts ms m rifigvir wogki trm`slgttg`c toi lissmci, m`h toi rifigvir mfts ms m si`hir prjvghg`c gllihgmti iihbmfe. ^rjvghg`c iihbmfe g`vjkvis twj tog`cs. Agrst, gt g`vjkvis ristmtg`c toi si`hir‗ si`hir‗ss iikg`cs jr ghims (jr g`stm`fi, ‛Xgs gs womt G u`hirstm`h yjur iikg`cs tj bi. Ml G fjrrift:“). Xgs oikps o ikps kgsti`irs u`hirstm`h m`h ivmkumti womt toi jtoir pirsj` gs smyg`c. Vifj`h, V ifj`h, iihbmfe g`vjkvis usg`c mpprjprgmti `j`-virbmk fuis. (i.c., `jhhg`c yjur oimh tj sojw mcriili`t, jr rjw`g`c tj sojw pjjr u`hirstm`hg`c jr kmfe j mcriili`t.) @jti tomt m Dmpm`isi pirsj` pi rsj` `jhhg`c toigr oimh hurg`c m prisi`tmtgj` gs m`ytog`c but mcriimbki tj toi fj`ti`t j toi prisi`tmtgj`. Xgs gs fj`trmry tj G`hgm` `jrls, woiri `jhhg`c j`i‗s oimh g`hgfmtis u`hirstm`hg`c m`h mcriili`t. Xgs cisturi gs`‗t gs`‗t m pjsgtgvi j`i g` Dmpm`isi fukturi.
Xoi ^rjbkil ja Lihgm Vikiftgj` G` m`y cgvi` sgtumtgj`, toi lihgul jr trm`slgssgj` ljhi jr fjllu`gfmtgj` lust bi sikiftih. sikifti h. Xi lihgul fojsi` lmy bi pirsj`mk jr glpirsj`mk. ^irsj`mk lihgm g`fkuhis mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj`, fomt usg`c g`stm`t lissmcg`c, vghijfj`iri`fg`c, poj`i fmkks, fmk ks, vjgfi lissmcis, m`h jtoir sy`forj`jus ljhis. Glpirsj`mk lihgm li hgm g`fkuhis i-lmgk, bkjcs, vjgfi lmgks, tixt lissmcis, hifgsgj` suppjrt systils, m`h jtoir msy`forj`jus jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`. M`y lihgm lgcot usi jrmk jr wrgtti` jrls. Jrmk jrls g`fkuhi prisi`tmtgj`s, liitg`cs, fomt, m`h toi kgei. Srgtti` fjllu`gfmtgj` lmy bi g` toi jrl j kittirs, i-lmgks, `jtgfis, fgrfukmrs, m`h sj j`. Vjlitglis, m fjlbg`mtgj` j lihgm gs usih tj hikgvir m lissmci. Xi sikiftgj` j lihgm gs lmhi by toi lm`mcir, tojuco g` lm`y fmsis gt lmy mksj bi hifghih by ci`irmk jrcm`gzmtgj`mk `jrls m`h prmftgfis. G toi lihgm sikiftgj` gs m pirsj`mk fojgfi, lissmci trm`slgssgj` hipi`hs j` toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
^irsj`mk g`fkg`mtgj`
❔
^irsj`mk ixpirgi`fi g` lihgm sikiftgj` m`h lissmci jptglgzmtgj`
❔
^irsj`mkgty fomrmftirgstgfs
J` toi jtoir om`h, g lihgm sikiftgj` gs bmsih j` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk `jrls, lissmci trm`slgssgj` hipi`hs j` toi g`ticrmtgj` j g`jrlmtgj` tifo`jkjcy, g`jrlmtgj` systils, m`h sjfgmk fjllu`gfmtgj` gssuis wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`, ms wikk ms toi fmpmfgty j toi systil tj suppjrt iihbmfe, mffissgbgkgty, mffissgbgkgty, m`h qumkgty j toi g`jrlmtgj` usih jr hifgsgj`-lmeg`c m`h e`jwkihci lm`mcili`t. Xi lihgm bifjlis m bmrrgir tj fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` woi` toi wrj`c fom``ik gs sikiftih. sikif tih. Ajr g`stm`fi, g m` ilpkjyii gs mseih tj kimvi m` jrcm`gzmtgj` by i-lmgk rmtoir tom` g` m mfitj-mfi g`tirmftgj`, toi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs bju`h tj bi fomrmftirgzih ms g`si`sgtgvi. J` toi jtoir om`h, m kittir mpprifgmtg`c m` ilpkjyii‗s wjre gs oikh g` crimtir istiil tom` liri virbmk prmgsi. Ci`irmkky spimeg`c, lihgm sikiftgj` sojukh sojukh bi lmtfoih wgto toi riqugrili`ts riqugrili`ts j iihbmfe. G gllihgmti iihbmfe gs riqugrih, sy`forj`jus jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj` mri priirrih. G toiri gs `j gllihgmti `iih jr m rispj`si, m` glpirsj`mk lihgul wgkk hj dust `i. Vtuhgis omvi mksj rivimkih ri vimkih tomt toi rjki j fukturi, lihgm mffissgbgkgty, m`h lihgm mpprioi`sgj` mri glpjrtm`t mftjrs jr toi fojgfi j fom``ik. Vjlitglis, toi fjlpkixgty j toi lissmci hifghis toi lihgul. Fjlpkix lissmcis usumkky hilm`h m wrgtti` jrlmt, m`h sglpkir lissmcis riqugri m sglpkir jrlmt. But gt gs `jt mkwmys imsy tj hitirlg`i womt gs sglpki m`h womt gs fjlpkix. Mseg`c jr m prjljtgj` prjljtgj` gs `jt m viry sglpki tmse, but sojukh gt `jt bi fjllu`gfmtih virbmkky:
Li`tmk Bmrrgirs G` jur jw` wmy, wi mkk sii toi wjrkh hgiri`tky. Xi pirfiptumk prjfiss hitirlg`is womt lissmcis wi sikift jr sfrii` jut, ms wikk ms ojw toi sikiftih g`jrlmtgj` gs jrcm`gzih m`h g`tirpritih. Xiri gs sgc`gfm`t fom`fi j `jgsi g` toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss g toi si`hir‗s m`h rifigvir‗s pirfiptgj`s mri `jt mkgc`ih. Lm`y tglis, `jgsi ixgsts g` toi lg`h j toi si`hir jr toi rifgpgi`t. Xgs lmy bi hui tj lm`y mftjrs, sufo ms toi iljtgj`mk stmti m`h mttgtuhi j toi si`hir jr toi rifigvir, mukty
=9
=1 =1
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
mssulptgj`s, stirijtypg`c, xih bikgis, m`h m fkjsih lg`hsit. M fkjsih lg`hsit fjukh bi m risukt j hii`sgvi`iss (woi` wi iik sjlij`i gs mttmfeg`c us), m si`si j supirgjrgty (woi` wi iik wi e`jw ljri tom` jtoirs), m`h icjfi`trgfgty (woi` wi `h gt hgstfukt tj sii tog`cs rjl sjlij`i iksi‗s pjg`t j vgiw). Vtirijtypg`cc fmusis g`hgvghumks tj typifmst m pirsj`, pkmfi, ivi`t, jr tog`c mffjrhg`c tj m` Vtirijtypg` jvirsglpkgih bikgi m`h jpg`gj`. Xus, mftjrs fm` bi pirfigvih ms vmg`, sik-fi`trih mrtgsts, prjissjrs fm` bi vgiwih ms jvirtky g`tikkiftumk m`h pihm`tgf, p ihm`tgf, pjkgtgfgm`s ms wgky, m`h ljhiks ms ilpty-oimhih g`hgvghumks. Vtirijtypg`c privi`ts us rjl vgiwg`c m pirsj`, sgtumtgj`, jr ivi`t g` m` jpi` m`h `iw wmy. Gt u`ftgj`s ms `jgsi g` toi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss bifmusi toi rifigvir jr si`hir i`hs up hrmwg`c fj`fkusgj`s bmsih j` prifj`figvih `jtgj`s. G toi si`hir jr toi rifigvir bikgivis tomt toiy e`jw ivirytog`c mbjut toi subdift big`c trm`slgttih, toiy ixpift mffiptm`fi j tojsi ghims. M`y ghims tj toi fj`trmry mri pirfigvih ms m s torimti`g`c, m`h togs, g` tur`, kimhs tj pjjr fjllu`gfmtgj`. Amgkuri tj mttu`i toi lissmci tj toi muhgi`fi‗s si`sgtgvgtgis mksj mfts m fts ms m lmdjr bmrrgir tj fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xi spimeir lmy mssuli tomt toi muhgi`fi‗s kjcgf gs sglgkmr tj toigr jw`, m`h togs lmy kimh tj u`mgr mssulptgj`s j` toigr pmrt. ^risi`fi j strj`c bgms, m fkjsih lg`hsit, m`h grrmtgj`mk mttmfoli`t tj m firtmg` fir tmg` bikgi jr mpprjmfo lgcot omlpir fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h kimh tj pjjr ixfom`ci. G` sufo m fmsi, icj fkmsois bifjli b ifjli g`ivgtmbki, ms toiri rilmg`s `j fjllj` crju`h bitwii` toi si`hir m`h toi rifigvir. ^rifj`figvih ^rifj`figvih mttgtuhis mksj mift jur mbgkgty tj kgsti`. Ajr g`stm`fi, sjli pijpki kgsti` u`frgtgfmkky tj pijpki wgto m ogcoir stmtus m`h hgslgss tojsi toiy pirfigvi ms big`c j m kjwir stmtus.
Xoi ^rjbkils ja Km`cumci m`h Mrtgfukmtgj` Sjrhs m`h cisturis fmrry `j g`oiri`t lim`g`c. Xi si`hir lust i`suri tomt toi rifigvir u`hirstm`hs toi sylbjks m`h sgc`s big`c usih. Km`cumci m`h fjllu`gfmtgj` hy`mlgfs omvi bifjli toi hrgvg`c jrfi g` g`tir`mtgj`mk busg`iss jpirmtgj`s g` rifi`t tglis. Xjuco tifo`jkjcy oms pmvih toi wmy jr ckjbmkgzmtgj`, toi kmttir fm`‗t fm`‗t bi suffissuk wgtojut toi fjrrift `icjtgmtgj` j fukturmk mftjrs sufo ms toi usi j km`cumci. Km`cumci tomt hisfrgbis womt wi wm`t tj smy g` jur tirls lmy prisi`t bmrrgirs tj tojsi `jt mlgkgmr wgto jur ixprissgj`s, buzz wjrhs, m`h dmrcj`. Soi` wi fjufo jur fjllu`gfmtgj` g` sufo km`cumci, gt fm` bifjli m wmy j ixfkuhg`c jtoirs. Xrii pjti`tgmk km`cumci bmrrgirs mri toi usi j glprjpir wjrhs, toi usi j dmrcj`, m`h mlbgcugty. ❔
Ysi ja glprjpir wjrhs4 Sjrhs, woi` glprjpirky usih, frimti toi wrj`c glprissgj`.
Ljst wjrhs omvi ljri tom` j`i lim`g`c m`h, ji`, hgiri`t glpkgfmtgj`s g` hgiri`t fukturmk fj`tixts. Ms wjrhs mri wghiky usih jr fjllu`gfmtgj`, gt gs glpjrtm`t tj mhhriss m`y pjti`tgmk bmrrgir tomt lmy jffur rjl toigr usi. J`i wmy tj pi`itrmti toi wjrh bmrrgir gs jr toi si`hir tj wrgti jr spime spi me g` rikmtgj` tj toi rifigvir‗ ri figvir‗ss bmfecrju`h, ixpirgi`fis, m`h mttgtuhi. Xi ljri toi jfus j` toi muhgi`fi, toi crimtir gs toi iiftgvi`iss j toi fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. V.I. Omymemwm, m Y.V. Vi`mtjr rjl Fmkgjr`gm, ixprissih gt viry wikk woi` oi smgh, ‛Xi ‛ Xi lim`g`cs j wjrhs mri `jt g` toi wjrhs5 toiy mri g` us.“ us.“? Mt tglis, lissmcis lmy bi vmcui m`h u`fkimr. Ajr g`stm`fi, ‛^kimsi sublgt yjur ripjrt by tjljrrjw ivi`g`c“ gs m vmcui lissmci tomt kimvis j`i g` hjubt mbjut womt eg`h j ripjrt gs big`c hgfussih m`h woi` ixmftky gt `iihs tj bi sublgttih. G` fj`trmst, ‛^kimsi sublgt toi imsgbgkgty ripjrt bitwii` 8 m`h 9 tjljrrj tjljrrjw w ivi`g`c“ gs prifgsi m`h fkimr g` gts g`ti`tgj`s. j fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky, wi lust try tj sii jursikvis torjuco toi iyis j jtoirs g` toi fjllu`gfmtgj` kg`e. By ilpmtogzg`c wgto toi pijpki p ijpki tj wojl wi hgrift lissmcis, wi lgcot rifjc`gzi toi `iih tj ljhgy jur lissmcis rjl tgli tj tgli bijri si`hg`c toil. Hjuckms LfCricjr, j`i j toi kimhg`c mutojrgtgis j` lm`mcili`t prmftgfis, smys tomt, ‛Gt gs m mgrky smi ci`irmkgzmtgj` tomt hgstfuktgis g` fjllu`gfmtgj` wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj` mri, ljri ji` tom` `jt, liri sylptjls j u`hirkyg`c hgstfuktgis g` rikmtgj`sogps bitwii` pmrtgis g`vjkvih. Soi` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs g`iiftgvi, j`i `iihs tj kjje rst mt toi `mturi j toisi rikmtgj`sogps rikmtg j`sogps rmtoir tom` to m` mt wmys j glprjvg`c fjllu`gfmtgj`.“ fjllu`gfmtgj`.“7 Xus, toi mbgkgty
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
j toi si`hir tj pi`itrmti toi fjllu`gfmtgj` bmrrgir gs hitirlg`ih tj m kmrci ixti`t by toi hipto j toi rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` toi si`hir m`h toi rifigvir. ❔
Ysi ja dmrcj`4 Dmrcj` g`fkuhis tifo`gfmk km`cumci m`h mfrj`yls ms wikk ms rifjc`gzih wjrhs wgto spifgmkgzih lim`g`cs g` spifgf jrcm`gzmtgj`s jr sjfgmk crjups. M wikke`jw` luktg`mtgj`mk fjlputir sjwmri cgm`t prjljtis toi usi j dmrcj` ms gt bikgivis tomt gt fm` pjti`tgmkky glprjvi fjllu`gfmtgj` istfgi`fy woi` bjto toi si`hir m`h
rifigvir u`hirstm`h togs spifgmkgzih km`cumci. Dmrcj` mksj sompis m`h lmg`tmg`s toi jrcm`gzmtgj`‗s fukturmk vmkuis m`h sylbjkgzis m` ilpkjyii‗s sik-ghi`tgty g` m crjup. Ojwivir, dmrcj` fm` bi m sirgjus fjllu`gfmtgj` bmrrgir mt tglis. Xi usi j dmrcj` g` sjli sgtumtgj`s fm` prjljti m jrl j tifo`gfmk s`jbbiry tomt lmy privi`t ilpkjyiis ilpkjyiis rjl rifigvg`c glpjrtm`t e`jwkihci m`h u`hirlg`i rikmtgj`s wgto fustjlirs. ❔
Mlbgcugty4 Si usumkky tog`e j mlbgcujus km`cumci ms m fjllu`gfmtgj` prjbkil bifmusi toi si`hir m`h rifigvir g`tirprit toi smli wjrh jr pormsi hgiri`tky. G m fj-wjreir smys, ‛Sjukh yju kgei tj foife toi curis mcmg`:“, toiy lmy bi pjkgtiky tikkg`c yju tj hjubki-foife toi curis. But togs lissmci gs sustfgi`tky mlbgcujus tomt yju lmy tog`e toiy mri liriky mseg`c g yju wm`t tj hj togs. Xgs hjis `jt lmei jr iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Mlbgcujus km`cumci gs sjlitglis usih hikgbirmtiky g` wjre sittg`cs tj mvjgh fj`viyg`c u`hisgrmbki iljtgj`s. FIJs sjlitglis riir tj toi ‛g`ticrmtgj` prjfissis“ wgto jtoir fjlpm`gis. Xgs sju`hs bittir tom` wjrhs kgei ‛lircir“ m`h ‛lj`jpjky.“ Vjwmri rls jr ixmlpki, hj `jt wmr` fjlputir usirs mbjut mtmk sjwmri irrjrs5 toiy mri ‛u`hjfuli`tih biomvgjurs.“ M`h woi` lgkkgj`s j fustjlirs j m sjwmri fjlpm`y suirih torjuco sgc`gfm`t i-lmgk hikgviry prjbkils, toi fjlpm`y hisfrgbih toi g`fghi`t ms ‛m pmrtgmk i-lmgk hikmy.“ Soy toi jbusfmtgj`: Fustjlirs ti`h tj rispj`h ljri fmklky tj g`ticrmtgj` prjfissis, u`hjfuli`tih biomvgjurs, m`h pmrtgmk i-lmgk hikmys tom` tj lj`jpjkgis, mtmk sjwmri irrjrs, m`h i-lmgks i -lmgks kjst jr wiies jr jrivir jrivir..
Risimrfo sojws tomt j`i ja toi ljst glpjrtm`t glpjr tm`t amftjrs g` bugkhg`c fjoisgvi timls gs prjxglgty. Ms sufo, rju`h tmbkis mri pirfigvih pir figvih tj prjljti icmkgtmrgm` tog`eg`c.
=3
=? =?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Mlbgcujus km`cumci lmy bi m bmrrgir, but sjlitglis gt gs `ifissmry woi` ivi`ts jr jbdifts mri gkk-hi`ih jr kmfe mcriili`t. Fjrpjrmti kimhirs ji` usi litmpoj litmpojrs rs tj hisfrgbi fjlpkix jrcm`gzmtgj`mk vmkuis sj tomt toiy lmy bi g`tirpritih brjmhky i`juco tj mppky tj hgvirsi sgtumtgj`s. Vfojkmrs mksj riky j` litmpojrs bifmusi toiy fj`viy rgfo lim`g`c mbjut fjlpkix ghims.
^oysgfmk Bmrrgirs ^oysgfmk bmrrgirs g` jstfi toi wjrepkmfi g`fkuhi lmreih-jut tirrgtjrgis wogfo strm`cirsstmmri `jt mkkjwih, fkjsih hjjrs, bmrrgir sfrii`s, sipmrmti mrims jrg`tj pijpki j hgiri`t tusis, m`h sj j`. Risimrfo sojws tomt j`i j toi ljst glpjrtm`t mftjrs g` bugkhg`c fjoisgvi timls gs prjxglgty. Ms kj`c ms pijpki stgkk omvi m pirsj`mk spmfi tomt toiy fm` fmkk toigr jw`, `imr`iss tj jtoirs mghs fjllu`gfmtgj` bifmusi gt oikps timl lilbirs e`jw imfo jtoir‗ jtoir‗ss stri`ctos m`h wime`issis. Jstfi g`rmstrufturi g`rmstruf turi m`h hisgc`s j tmbkis, liitg`c rjjls, m`h fj`iri`fi fj`iri`fi omkks mri subtki g`hgfmtjrs j pjwir ogirmrfoy m`h stmtus. Rju`h tmbkis mri pirfigvih tj prjljti icmkgtmrgm` tog`eg`c, wogki m riftm`cukmr tmbki hi`jtis tomt mutojrgty gs vistih g` j`i pirsj` pi rsj` sgttg`c mt toi oimh j toi tmbki.
^irsj`mk Bmrrgirs J`i j toi fogi bmrrgirs tj jpi` m`h rii fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi iljtgj`mk bmrrgir. Gt fjlprgsis imr, lgstrust, m`h suspgfgj`. Iljtgj`mk lgstrust j jtoirs ji` oms gts rjjts g` toi hgriftgvis wi lgcot omvi rifigvih ms fogkhri`, sufo ms ‛Hj`‗t jpi` yjur ljuto tj spime u`tgk mseih.“ mseih.“ Ms m risukt, lm`y pijpki ojkh bmfe rjl fjllu`gfmtg`c toigr tojucots m`h iikg`cs tj jtoirs. Xiy iik vuk`irmbki. Sogki sjli fmutgj` lmy bi wgsi g` firtmg` rikmtgj`sogps, ixfissgvi imr j womt jtoirs lgcot tog`e j us fm` stu`t jur hivikjpli`t hi vikjpli`t ms iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtjrs fjllu`gfmtj rs m`h jur mbgkgty tj jrl lim`g`cuk rikmtgj`sogps.
Fukturmk Bmrrgirs Soi` wi omvi tj bi m pmrt j m crjup, toi u`wrgtti` u`hirstm`hg`c gs tomt wi mffipt toi fjkkiftgvi fjhi j fj`huft f j`huft jr biomvgjur. Vjj`ir jr kmtir wi bifjli pmrt j toi crjup m`h mhjpt gts biomvgjurmk pmttir` ms jur jw`. Xgs gs pirfigvih ms m sgc` j mffiptm`fi by toi jtoir crjup lilbirs, m`h gs riwmrhih by g`fkusgj`. G` crjups tomt mri omppy tj mffipt `iwfjlirs m`h woiri `iwfjlirs mri omppy tj fj`jrl, toiri gs m lutumkgty j g`tirist m`h m ogco kivik j wg`‖wg` wg`‖wg` fj`tmft. Soiri toiri mri bmrrgirs tj lilbirsogp g` toi crjup, pjwir fj`flgfts ripkmfi iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj`. `. G`tirpirsj`mk Bmrrgirs G`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fjllu`gfmtgj` bitwii` twj pijpki, crjups, hipmrtli`ts, jr jrcm`gzmtgj`mk u`gts. By bugkhg`c brghcis m`h g`hufg`c fjllj`mkgty, fjllj`mkgty, jrcm`gzmtgj`mk lilbirs siie tmse smtgsmftgj` m`h djb d jb ukkli`t. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, `jt lm`y pijpki bugkh g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps. Xiri mri kiviks mt wogfo pijpki hgstm`fi toilsikvis rjl j`i m`jtoir4 m`jtoir 4 ❔
Sgtohrmwmk4 Sgtohrmwmk gs woiri g`tirpirsj`mk fj`tmft gs sou``ih m`h m` g`hgvghumk riusis tj bi g` tjufo.
❔
jrlmkgty, hivjgh Rgtumks4 Rgtumks mri woi` g`tirpirsj`mk fj`tmft gs pirfigvih tj bi liri jrlmkgty, j ci`ug`i g`tirmftgj`.
❔
^mstglis4 ^mstglis mri woiri g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps mri pirfigvih ms sjfgmk but supirfgmk mftgvgtgis tj bi g`hukcih g` woi` j`i gs rii.
❔
Sjreg`c4 Xgs gs woi` g`tirpirsj`mk mftgvgtgis mri fj``ih tj hgsfussgj`s mt wjre, but `j urtoir.
❔
Cmlis4 Xgs gs woiri g`tirpirsj`mk mftgvgtgis mri fj`sghirih tj bi subtki, lm`gpukmtgvi
❔
g`tirmftgj`s tomt mri mbjut wg``g`c m`h kjsg`c. Fkjsi`iss4 Xgs gs toi mgl j g`tirpirsj`mk fj`tmft, m`h omppi`s woi` toiri gs m ogco kivik j oj`isty m`h mffiptm`fi j yjursik m`h jtoirs.
❔
ifo`jkjcy4 Xgs gs woiri g`tirpirsj`mk smtgsmftgj` gs sjucot torjuco sjfgmk `itwjreg`c sgtis.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
G`ajrlmtgj` Jvirkjmh Iviry hmy, Hmvi LmfHj`mkh wms fljjhih wgto up tj m ou`hrih i-lmgk lissmcis. Xi jrlir _irjx ixifutgvi wms ripjrtihky bjlbmrhih wgto vjgfi lmgk, mxis, liljs, m`h jtoir pgifis j g`jrlmtgj`. ‛Sgtojut ‛Sgtojut sjli eg`h j systil g` pkmfi, G‗h spi`h prmftgfmkky prmf tgfmkky mkk ly tgli tryg`c tj sjrt torjuco to rjuco gt m`h `jt cit lufo j m`ytog`c iksi hj`i,“ hj`i,“ smys LmfHj`mkh. Dust kgei Hmvi LmfHj`mkh, tojusm`hs j wjreirs mrju`h toi wjrkh himk wgto ou`hrihs j i-lmgks, poj`i fmkks, vjgfi lmgks iviry hmy. Gt gs `j wj`hir tomt pijpki mri jvirwoiklih. G`ajrlmtgj` jvirkjmh jffurs jffurs woi` toi vjkuli j g`jrlmtgj` rifigvih ixfiihs toi pirsj`‗s fmpmfgty tj prjfiss gt m`h gt gs m sgc`gfm`t jbstmfki g` toi pmto j iiftgvi m`h sljjto fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt fm` bi jvirfjli by igtoir g`frimsg`c toi fmpmfgty j prjfissg`c g`jrlmtgj` jr by rihufg`c toi mlju`t j g`jrlmtgj` tomt gs big`c prjfissih. Ajr ixmlpki, wjreg`c jr jr kj`cir ojurs lgcot oikp rihufi sjli mlju`t j g`jrlmtgj` jvirkjmh. Ojwivir, tomt gs m imsgbki sjkutgj` woi` toi jvirkjmh gs `jt m pirlm`i`t xturi m`h j`ky tilpjrmry. Vfrii`g`c lissmcis, fj`hi`sg`c g`jrlmtgj`, m`h gc`jrg`c g`jrlmtgj` `jt hiilih ms glpjrtm`t mri jtoir wmys j rihufg`c g`jrlmtgj` jvirkjmh.=> ^mssgvi Kgsti`g`c Oimrg`c m`h kgsti`g`c mri twj hgstg`ftky hgiri`t tog`cs. Oimrg`c gs gs m` g`vjku`tmry mft m`h omppi`s woi` wi rifigvi murmk stglukg. Kgsti`g`c, j` toi jtoir om`h gs m vjku`tmry mftgvgty tomt g`vjkvis g`tirpritg`c toi sju`h j`i rifigvis m`h hifjhg`c gts lim`g`c. ^ijpki i`cmci g` twj typis j kgsti`g`c4 pmssgvi m`h mftgvi. ^mssgvi kgsti`g`c gs kgttki ljri tom` oimrg`c. Gt jffurs woi` toi rifigvir j toi lissmci oms kgttki ljtgvmtgj` tj kgsti` fmriukky.. Kgsti`g`c tj lusgf, stjrgis, tikivgsgj` prjcrmllis, jr priti`hg`c tj kgsti` wogki liriky ukky big`c pjkgti g` m`jtoir‗s fjlpm`y lmy bi fgtih ms ixmlpkis j pmssgvi kgsti`g`c. Ixogbgt =.9 fmticjrgzis toi ombgts j cjjh m`h pjjr kgsti`irs. ^ijpki spime mt =>> tj =39 wjrhs pir lg`uti (S^L), but toiy fm` g`tikkgci`tky kgsti` tj 1>> tj ?>> S^L. Vg`fi j`ky m pmrt j jur lg`h gs pmyg`c mtti`tgj`, gt gs imsy tj cj g`tj ‛lg`h hrg“ (tog`eg`c mbjut jtoir tog`cs wogki kgsti`g`c). Xi furi jr togs gs mftgvi kgsti`g`c, wogfo g`vjkvis kgsti`g`c wgto m purpjsi. purpjsi. Xgs purpjsi lmy bi tj cmg` g`jrlmtgj`, jbtmg` hgriftgj`s, u`hirstm`h jtoirs, sjkvi prjbkils, somri g`tirists, sii ojw m`jtoir pirsj` pirs j` iiks, sojw suppjrt, m`h sj j`. Xus, mftgvi mf tgvi kgsti`g`c riqugris mtti`hg`c ms wikk ms i`cmcg`c segkks. M iw trmgts j mftgvi kgsti`irs mri4 ❔
Xiy kgsti` ljri m`h tmke kiss.
❔
Xiy mri `jt duhcli`tmk. Xiy hj `jt `gso toi si`ti`fis j jtoir pijpki.
❔ ❔
Xiy hj `jt mkkjw bgms tj friip g`.
Cjjh kgsti`irs
^jjr kgsti`irs
Xmke kiss
G`tirrupt ariqui`tky
Mse jpi`-i`hih quistgj`s mt toi i`h
Ag`gso toi si`ti`fis ja toi spimeir
Lmei iyi fj`tmft
Kit toigr mtti`tgj` wm`hir
@jh ariqui`tky
Hjlg`mti toi fj`virsmtgj`
Xmei brgia `jtis
Mrcui tj wg`
Ripimt m`h pmrmpormsi ms `ifissmry
Smgt ajr toigr fom`fi tj spime
Mffipt tomt ivirybjhy oms hgaairi`t vgiws
Mri duhcli`tmk
Ajfus j` toi toi wjrhs rmtoir tom` toi pirsj`mk pirsj`mkgty gty ja toi spimeir spimeir
Ajrl bgmsih bgmsih jpg`gj` jpg`gj`ss
Ixogbgt =.9 =.9
Ombgts ja Cjjh m`h ^jjr Kgsti`irs
=7
2> 2>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
❔
Xiy stmy jfusih.
❔
Xiy mri `jt swmyih by toi spimeir‗ spi meir‗ss pirsj`m.
❔
Xiy sikhjl hjlg`mti fj`virsmtgj`s. fj`virsmtgj`s.
❔
Xiy hj `jt pkm` rispj`sis.
❔
Xiy hj `jt g`tirrupt toi spimeir. spim eir.
❔
Xiy tmei li`tmk `jtis wogki kgsti`g`c. ❔ Xiy hj `jt dulp tj fj`fkusgj`s. ❔
Xiy i`cmci g` jpi`-i`hih fj`virsmtgj fj`virsmtgj`s. `s.
❔
Xiy g`hgfmti toigr i`cmcili`t by cisturis m`h lmei prjpir iyi fj`tmft.
Kgsti`g`c gs hgiri`t rjl oimrg`c. Kgsti`g`c g`vjkvis g`vjkvis `jt j`ky toi imrs, but mksj toi lg`h m`h oimrt. Kgsti`g`c gs `jt mkwmys imsy, but gt fm` bi kimr`t. Oiri mri m iw succistgj`s tj kgsti` bittir4 ❔
Kim` jrwmrh m`h lmei iyi fj`tmft wgto toi spimeir. @jh yjur oimh tj sojw u`hirstm`hg`c.
❔
mei `jtis ms yju kgsti`. Djt hjw` toi eiy pjg`ts.
❔
Fkmrgy pjg`ts tomt yju hj `jt u`hirstm`h. ^jkgtiky g`tirrupt toi spimeir jr rmgsi yjur om`h. om` h.
❔
^mrmpormsi womt toi spimeir gs smyg`c5 hj `jt duhci u`tgk toi spimeir oms `gsoih tmkeg`c.
❔
Vubhui yjur g``ir vjgfi. Ajfus j` toi tjpgf.
❔
Gc`jri hgstrmftgj`s.
Cittg`c toi mtti`tgj` j toi muhgi`fi gs m` mrt, but gt fm` crimtky glprjvi wgto prmftgfi. Oiri mri m iw succistgj`s4 ❔
Jrcm`gzi yjur lmtirgmk g`tj lm`mcimbki fou`es j g`jrlmtgj`. Muhgi`fis ti`h tj cit bjrih wgto lj`jkjcuis. Kgsti`g`c gs imsgir g toi eiy pjg`ts mri hisfrgbih siqui`tgmkky jr g` sjli sjrt j m strufturi.
❔
Bugkh m rmppjrt wgto toi muhgi`fi. M` muhgi`fi gs kgeiky tj kgsti` tj m spimeir woj fmris tj somri sjli pirsj`mk g`jrlmtgj` wgto toil. Xiri gs m bittir fj``iftgj` g toi muhgi`fi iiks tomt toi spimeir ‛gs dust kgei toil.“ toil.“
❔
Bugkh ouljur g`tj toi tmke. Xgs lmeis toi mtljspoiri rikmxih m`h fjljrtmbki.
❔
M`swir quistgj`s mhiptky. Xgs hjis `jt glpky tomt toi spimeir lust e`jw toi m`swir tj mkk toi quistgj`s, but toi spimeir sojukh bi mbki tj lm`mci m`h fj`trjk toi muhgi`fi torjuco pjwiruk j itojs kjcjs. Itojs gs Itojs usi mppimk j m` mppimk tj frihgbgkgty by toi spimeir. Kjcjs,,usi Kjcjs j` toi jtoirm`h om`h, gs toi usi gs j toi kjcgfmk g` m` mrculi`t.
❔
Ysi kg`cugstgf tjjks. Frimti mbbrivgmtgj`s m`h sojrt jrls j toi eiy lissmcis sj tomt gt gs imsgir jr toi muhgi`fi tj rililbir toil. Ripimt lissmcis riqui`tky tj rig`jrfi toi glpjrtm`t pjg`ts.
❔
Ysi mlpki gkkustrmtgj`s, gkkustrmtgj`s, ixmlpkis, m`h crmpogfs tj mppimk tj mkk muhgi`fi typis‘ typis‘muhgtjry, muhgtjry, vgsumk, m`h virbmk.
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ BRIMEHJS@4 VIQI@ FMRHG@MK LGVXMEIV LM@MCIRV LMEI Hispgti toi bist j g`ti`tgj`s, lm`mcili`t fjllu`gfmtgj`s fm` bi lgsg`tirpritih. Xiri mri `ulirjus wmys g` wogfo lm`mcirs fm` fjllgt lgstmeis ms mr ms fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fj`fir`ih. fj`fir`i h.
Fjllu`gfmtg`c Sgtojut Mhiqumti ^ripmrmtgj` Vpimeg`c wgtojut tog`eg`c mbjut toi fj`siqui`fis hjis `jt pmy j g` prjissgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Ajr g`stm`fi, bijri m``ju`fg`c m fj`trjvirsgmk hifgsgj` tj ilpkjyiis, lm`mcirs sojukh tmei g`tj mffju`t toi si`sgtgvgtgis j toi miftih pmrtgis. Xgs wgkk privi`t lmkgfgjus
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
cjssgp, pkm``ih risgstm`fi, m`h jstfi lm`gpukmtgj`, wogfo mri fjllj` woi` ilpkjyiis mri cjssgp, tmei` by surprgsi. Ivi` prisi`tmtgj`s, prjpjsmks, m`h i-lmgks wrgtti` wgtojut prjpir pripmrmtgj` fm` km`h lm`mcirs g` trjubki. Gt gs wjrtowogki tj g`hgvghumkky fj`sukt prissuri crjups, jpg`gj` kimhirs, m`h jstfi crjups j` m j`i-j`-j`i bmsgs bijri lmeg`c m`y hifgsgvi fjllgtli`ts. Gt gs mksj m cjjh ghim tj fj`viy ilpmtoy m`h fj`fir` usg`c j`i‗s j`i‗s tj`i, vjgfi, m`h bjhy km`cumci mpprjprgmtiky.
Y`hiristglmtg`c toi G`tikkgci`fi ja toi Muhgi`fi Lm`y lm`mcirs mgk tj tmei ilpkjyiis g`tj fj`hi`fi by fgtg`c toi pjpukmr rirmg`, ‛toiy wgkk `jt u`hirstm`h.“ Xgs gs m lgstmei. Xi muhgi`fi‘supirvgsjrs jr subjrhg`mtis‘mri kgeiky tj bi e`jwkihcimbki mbjut lm`y mftjrs m`h hisirvi tj e`jw toi rmtgj`mki biog`h toi fjlpm`y‗s strmticgf pkm`s. Ysg`c G`mpprjprgmti Fom``iks ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vjlitglis, lm`mcirs usi i-lmgks tj fj`viy lissmcis bist fj`viyih g` m mfi-tj-mfi fj` virsmtgj`. Hipkjrmbky, Hipkjrmbky, lm`y tglis, lm`mcirs pubkgfky hirghi m` ilpkjy ilpkjyii ii woi` m pirsj`mk puthjw` wjukh omvi bii` i`juco. Xisi sj-fmkkih slmkk bku`hirs omvi toi pjti`tgmk tj trgccir crimt u`rist. Ci`irmkky spimeg`c, spi meg`c, pjti`tgmkky iljtgj`mk gssuis mri bist himkt wgto mfi tj mfi, wogki ljri prjissgj`mk gssuis fm` bi om`hkih vgm ikiftrj`gf fom``iks. Lm`mcirs lmy mksj lmei toi lgstmei j si`hg`c virbmk virbm k g`jrlmtgj` tj m` ilpkjyii ilpkjyii woj issi`tgmkky priirs toi mfi-tj-mfi ljhi m`h vgfi virsm. E`jwg`c toi fjllu`gfmtgj` fom``ik priiri`fis j ilpkjyiis ilpkjy iis fm` brghci cmps bitwii` lm`mcirs m`h subjrhg`mtis. Bikgivg`c tomt Sjrhs Vpime Kjuhir tom` Mftgj`s Kjy mppimks m`h mlbgtgjus prjlgsis ojkh trui woi` ilpkjyiis iik tomt toi lm`mcir ‛wmkes toi tmke.“ tmke.“ Ajr ixmlpki, tmkeg`c j iqumkgty but hrg`eg`c tim/fjii g` m pjrfikmg` fup f up ms jppjsih tj toi pmpir fups usih by ilpkjyiis, cgvis toi glprissgj` tomt stmtus m`h pjsgtgj` hj lmttir. Xirijri, bijri fjllu`gfmtg`c m`y stm`hmrhs j biomvgjur, rukis, ricukmtgj`s, jr bikgis, gt gs glpjrtm`t jr lm`mcirs tj tmei m kj`c omrh kjje g` toi lgrrjr. Xi fukturi pirpitrmtih by lm`mcirs sojukh riflift toi cjmks sit by toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Kgsti`g`c J`ky tj Cjjh @iws Ms lm`mcirs cj ogcoir up toi fjrpjrmti kmhhir, toiy sjliojw surrju`h toilsikvis wgto pijpki woj frimti hikgbirmti `jgsi g` toi g`jrlmtgj` prjfissg`c fomg`. Ms m risukt, lm`mcirs lmy mkk priy tj toi cjjh-`iws-j`ky sy`hrjli, woiri toiy hgsricmrh bmh `iws m`h rimft `icmtgviky tj bimrirs j sufo `iws. Gt gs ji` jbsirvih tomt bmh `iws gs sji`ih ms gt ljvis up toi ogirmrfoy m`h lmc`gih ms gt trmviks hjw`. Iiftgvi lm`mcirs mri jpi` tj rifigvg`c bmh `iws m`h siie tj sjkvi toi gssui, g`stimh j brusog`c gt u`hir toi fmrpit. Iiftgvi lm`mcirs himk wgto ruljurs m`h toi crmpivg`i oimh-j` m`h tmke tj jtoirs hgriftky g` pkmg` km`cumci.
^kmyg`c Cuissg`c Cmlis wgto Ilpkjyiis Vjli lm`mcirs rmriky siil tj cgvi fjlpkiti g`jrlmtgj` tj toigr ilpkjyiis. Xiy mppimr tj rivik g` eiipg`c toigr ilpkjyiis g` m stmti j suspi`si. G` toi cugsi j ‛tistg`c“ toi subjrhg`mti‗s segkk mt ‛hgsfjvirg`c g`jrlmtgj`,“ lm`mcirs try tj ixirfgsi pjwir m`h fj`trjk jvir subjrhg`mtis. Xgs fm` bjjlirm`c g` toi jrl j g`fjlpkiti ripjrts, u`prjissgj`mk prisi`tmtgj`s, m`h glprjpir risimrfo. M` iiftgvi lm`mcir kimr`s tj omr`iss toi segkks j toi subjrhg`mti tj lmtfo toigr jw` jr m prjhuftgvi sjkutgj`. Rmriky Xmkeg`c tj Ilpkjyiis Vjli lm`mcirs hj `jt spime mt mkk wgto toigr ilpkjyiis. Fjfjj`ih g` toigr pkuso mgr-fj`hgtgj`ih mgr-fj`hgtgj`ih fomlbirs, toiy mgk tj tu`i g` tj toi `iihs `i ihs j toigr ilpkjyiis‘toi smkispijpki, ikh stm, rifiptgj`gsts, mftjry supirvgsjrs, m`h `iw rifrugts. rifr ugts. Xiy `igtoir prmgsi `jr riprglm`h. Xiy hgstm`fi toilsikvis rjl toi viry pijpki woj wjre jr toil, bikgivg`c tomt toi lghhki m`h supirvgsjry lm`mcili`t wgkk tmei fmri j toigr `iihs. G` togs sfi`mrgj, gt lmy omppi` tomt ilpkjyiis kjsi
2=
22 22
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis =.2
Lm`y jrcm`gzmtgj`s omvi `jt rimftih viry eg`hky tjwmrhs toi twj ljst pjpukmr sjfgmk lihgm sgtis4 Xwgttir m`h Amfibjje. Mffjrhg`c tj toil, ilpkjyiis wmsti tgli j` Xwgttir, Amfibjje, m`h Jreut. Lm`y omvi ivi` bmrrih toil arjl toi wjrepkmfi. Xoi pjpukmr vgiw gs tomt jrcm`gzmtgj`s fm` cmg` arjl togs vmst risjurfi m`h sojukh lmei gt m priairrih ljhi Mffjrhg`c Jvir tj lm`y `itwjreg`c sgtis sgtis oms sirvifom`cih ms iaaiftgvi mci`tsjajafjllu`gfmtgj`. g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. tgli,ilpkjyiis, toi rjki ja toisi toisi sjfgmk sjfgmk `itwjreg`c substm`tgmkky arjl somrg`c pirsj`mk tojucots m`h brgia uphmtis tj g`ajrlmtgvi bukkitg`s. Jrcm`gzmtgj`s lust rifjc`gzi togs m`h mhmpt tj toi `iw wjrkh, wogfo gs kih by tifo`jkjcy. Fjlpmtgbki mfrjss mkk pkmtajrls m`h g`tiramfis, ljst sjfgmk `itwjreg`c sgtis, g`fkuhg`c Xwgttir, Xwgttir, maajrh m kjt ja akixgbgkgty. Mkljst m`ybjhy fm` mffiss toil, rimh toil, pjst fjlli`ts, m`h rispj`h j` toisi sgtis.
toigr vgsgj` m`h ljtgvmtgj` wgto rispift tj toigr wjre. Iiftgvi lm`mcirs mri mksj kimhirs m`h sojukh omvi toigr iit pkm`tih rlky j` toi crju`h.
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ BMRRGIRV M@H XIFO@JKJCW Bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi wjrepkmfi mri crmhumkky big`c jvirfjli g` sivirmk jrcm`g==
zmtgj`s, tom`es tj iiftgvi j sjfgmk lihgm. Xi ‛Vjfgmk Lihgm g` I`tirprgsi“ iri`fi oikh g` Lmrfo 2>=>usi jfusih j` ojw vmrgjus jrcm`gzmtgj`s usitoi sjfgmk lihgm tj fj`toigr mhvm`tmci. Hgiri`t jrcm`gzmtgj`s jrcm`gzmtgj`s usi sjfgmk lihgm g` hgiri`t wmys. Vjli iik tomt toi lmg` jbstmfkis tj sjfgmk lihgm mri ci`irmkky toi pijpki fj`fir`ih wogki jtoirs ikt tomt gt wms m fomkki`ci tj cit toi OR m`h G hipmrtli`ts tj fjllu`gfmti istfgi`tky g` jrhir tj iiftgviky glpkili`t sjfgmk lihgm wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`. Ojwivir, jtoirs iik tomt toi j`i lmdjr bi`it j glpkili`tg`c sjfgmk lihgm wgtog` m fjlpm`y gs tomt gs oikps ljvi toi g`tir`mk, ‛wmtir fjjkir fj`virsmtgj`s“ g`tj toi pubkgf mri`m m`h brg`cs tjcitoir pijpki rjl hgiri`t hipmrtli`ts. Xi Brgtgso supirlmreit fomg` Mshm, jr ixmlpki, oms m sjfgmk lihgm systil fmkkih toi Crii` Rjjl, woiri toi ilpkjyiis, mlj`c jtoir tog`cs, somri g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toi fomrgty wjre toiy mri hjg`c. Firtmg` spimeirs spim eirs g` togs fj`iri`fi, ojwivir, hisfrgbih toi rgsg`c fjst j sjfgmk lihgm (Vj`gm Fmrtir rjl Mxm, Y.E., hisfrgbih ojw toi rst virsgj` j m pmrtgfukmr sjfgmk s jfgmk lihgm pkmtjrl wms rii m`h tjje sgx wiies tj glpkili`t, wogki toi `ixt virsgj` fjst toi fjlpm`y fjlpm`y CB^ 9>>,>>> 9>>,>>> m`h tjje twikvi twikvi lj`tos lj`tos tj ukky swg`c g`tj mftgj`) ms j`i j toi lmdjr hrmwbmfes. M pubkgfky mffissgbki sjfgmk lihgm sgti j m fjlpm`y mksj `iihs tj bi fkjsiky lj`gtjrih m`h fj`trjkkih sj tomt glpjrtm`t hmtm hjis`‗t `h gts wmy g`tj toi wrj`c om`hs.
AMFGKGXMXG@C AMFGKGX MXG@C IAAIFXGQI FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xiri mri lm`y mftjrs tomt mfgkgtmti iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xiy mri hgsfussih g` togs siftgj`.
Hivikjp m Ci`ug`i Hisgri tj Fjllu`gfmti Xi hisgri tj fjllu`gfmti gs toi rst stip g` big`c iiftgvi. Xi hisgri tj fj``ift wgto m`jtoir oulm` big`c gs toi bj`h tomt mfgkgtmtis fkimr ixprissgj` piromps ljri tom` m`ytog`c iksi. M ci`ug`i ijrt tj u`hirstm`h m`jtoir pirsj` cjis m kj`c wmy g` i`om`fg`c toi qumkgty j g`tirmftgj`. Y`hirstm`h J`isika m`h Jtoirs Xi eiy tj iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs, rst m`h jriljst, m` u`hirstm`hg`c j j`isik m`h toi`, m` u`hirstm`hg`c j jtoirs. Soi` wi omvi ukky u kky rifliftih j` jur jw` fjllu`gfmtgj` styki, wi fm` mhiqumtiky rivgsi m`h rispj`h tj jtoirs. Xi rst stip g` togs hgriftgj` fm` bi tj pripmri m` g`vi`tjry j j`i‗s bgmsis m`h priduhgfis.
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
26
I`fjurmci m` Jpi` Fkglmti G` ljst sgtumtgj`s, lm`mcirs jviristglmti toigr fmpmfgty tj fjllu`gfmti m`h u`hiristglmti toi ixti`t j pjsgtgj`mk mutojrgty tomt privi`ts ljst ilpkjyiis rjl vjgfg`c toigr fj`fir`s. Ljst lm`mcirs mri mvirsi tj kgsti`g`c tj bmh `iws (u`pkm``ih ixpi`hgturi, sm`ftgj`g`c kimvi, crimtir buhcit jutkmys, smkis hifkg`i, m`h toi kgei). Xiy lmy mvjgh g`tirmftgj`, fom`ci toi subdift, tikk ilpkjyiis fkimrky tomt toiy wjukh `jt kgei tj kgsti` tj sufo tog`cs, m`h sj j`. Xgs g`ogbgts toi fljw j u`pkimsm`t yit glpjrtm`t fjllu`gfmtgj`. G` tur`, ilpkjyiis lmy mt tglis iik hgsfjurmcih tj prisi`t fj`struftgvi ghims jr glprjvili`t j prjfissis‘sglpky jut j imr j riprglm`h jr rghgfuki. M cjjh ixmlpki gs tomt j Voiryk Vm`hirs, furri`tky fogi jpirmtg`c jstfir j Amfibjje. Soi` soi wjreih mt Cjjcki, soi wms rispj`sgbki jr toi fjlpm`y‗s mutjlmtih systil. Voi lmhi m fjstky lgstmei j`fi, m`h g`jrlih toi ju`hir j Cjjcki, Kmrry Kmrr y ^mci, tikkg`c ogl ojw bmh soi ikt mbjut toi lgkkgj`-hjkkmr kjss. Voiryk rifmkks tomt ^mci mffiptih oir mpjkjcy m`h toi` wi`t j` tj smy tomt oi wms qugti ckmh tomt soi omh lmhi toi lgstmei … m`h tomt toi lgstmei wms m cjjh g`hgfmtjr j toi rgses Cjjcki wms tmeg`c g` busg`iss. Ms Voiryk Voir yk smgh kmtir, iw FIJs mftumkky wmkeih toi =2 tmke m`h Cjjcki‗s wms j`i j toil. Hivikjp Vtrj`c G`tir`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`s G`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s fjllu`gfmtgj`s jr ilpkjyii fjllu`gfmtgj`s fjllu`gfmtgj`s riir tj toi g`jrlmtgj` fom``iks lmhi mvmgkmbki tj toi ilpkjyiis j m rl. Xisi fom``iks mri usih tj hgssilg`mti g`jrlmtgj` tj ilpkjyiis mbjut furri`t m`h uturi mftgvgtgis j toi rl, mwmrhs m`h rifjc`gtgj`, m`h pkm`s fj`fir`g`c toi fjlpm`y fjlpm`y.. Gt mksj mkkjws mk kjws jr sjli jrl j iihbmfe rjl ilpkjyiis ricmrhg`c toisi gssuis. M` g`jrlih m`h ljtgvmtih wjrejrfi wjrejrfi gs frufgmk jr m oimktoy jrcm`gzmtgj`. Fjlpm`gis kgei Cjjcki, Vtmrbufes, Y`gkivir, m`h Lmstie, wogfo ilpkjy cjjh g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s systils prjvi tomt suffiss rimkky stmrts rjl wgtog`. G`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s, ojwivir, ojwivir, oms sjli hrmwbmfes. Xiy g`fkuhi4 ❔
Gc`jrg`c toi lirgts ja amfi-tj-amfi fjllu`gfmtgj`4 Vjpogstgfmtih tjjks m`h tifo`jkjcgis omvi lmhi jrcm`gzmtgj`s tjj hipi`hi`t j` tifo`jkjcy5 fjlpm`gis sjlitglis mgk tj rimkgzi tomt mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h liitg`cs mri stgkk toi ljst pirsj`mk jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `.
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Fmsfmhg`c fjllu`gfmtgj`4 G` m ckjbmk i`vgrj`li`t, gt gs glpjssgbki tj fjllu`gfmti mfi tj mfi wgto ilpkjyiis mkk toi tgli5 oi`fi g`jrlmtgj` ‛fmsfmhis“ torjuco suffissgvi lm`mcili`t kiviks. Xgs kimvis toi lissmci mt toi lirfy j toi si`hirs, woj lmy `jt mkk bi segkkih g` toi mrt j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xgs kimhs tj lissmci hgstjrtgj`, fj`usgj`, m`h fj`flgft.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis =.6
Lmstie wms toi agrst GX fjlpm`y tj g`trjhufi toi ghim ja m vgrtumk bi`fo. Gt wms toi ljst hrmstgf mftgj` tmei` sj amr by togs 23-yimr-jkh 23-yimr- jkh fjlpm`y. Hui tj toi si`sgtgvi `mturi ja toi mftgj`, m kjt ja brmg`stjrlg`c wms hj`i m`h ivirytog`c wms pkm``ih g` crimt hitmgk. Ilpkjyiis woj wiri put j` toi vgrtumk bi`fo omh toi jptgj` ja kimvg`c gt m`h risgc`g`c arjl toi fjlpm`y matir rifigvg`c m sivirm`fi pmy. Ojwivir, matir gts glpkili`tmtgj`, m stmccirg`c ?9 pir fi`t jptih tj rilmg` g` toi fjlpm`y. Mkk toi 829 maaiftih ilpkjyiis wiri g`ajrlih ja togs hifgsgj` torjuco m djg`t prisi`tmtgj`, wogfo strissih ojw toiy wiri stgkk prifgjus risjurfis ajr toi fjlpm`y. Xoiy wiri mksj g`ajrlih mbjut toi eg`h ja trmg`g`c toiy wjukh rifigvi. Ms ivirytog`c wms toiri g` wrgtti` ajrl, toiri wms kgttki fom`fi ja lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`. Xoi prisi`tmtgj` fmli wgto m kittir g`fkuhg`c hitmgkih kicmk glpkgfmtgj`s m`h ariqui`tky mseih quistgj`s (AM]s) mbjut toi limsuri toiy omh tmei`. Xogs hjfuli`t g`fkuhih li`tjrs woj fjukh bi fj`tmftih. Hjftjrs m`h fju`sikkjrs wiri mksj lmhi rimhgky mvmgkmbki g` fmsi ja ilirci`fgis. Vjurfi 4 Bmsih
j` @. Vogvmprgym, ‛OR Oimhs Kjje tj Fj`trjk Fjsts Sgtojut Kmyjaas,“ Xoi Ifj`jlgf Xglis (Lmy (Lmy 6, 2>>7), mvmgkmbki mt ;ottp4//mrtgfkis.ifj`jlgftglis.g`hgmtglis.fjl/2>>7->9->6/`iws/2?893212Z=Zvgrtumk-bi`fo-smkmry-futs;ottp4//mrtgfkis.ifj`jlgftglis.g`hgmtglis.fjl/2>>7->9->6/`iws/2?893212Z=Zvgrtumk-bi`fo-smkmry-futsilpkjyiis0, mffissih j` Dm`umry 9, 2>==.
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Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
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Hgsg`ticrmtih fjllu`gfmtgj Hgsg`ticrmtih fjllu`gfmtgj`4 `4 Ji` tjjks mri dust usih tj g`jrl ilpkjyiis mbjut ivi`ts m`h sfoilis, wgto kgttki jr `j jkkjw-up jkkjw-up.. Xus, fjllu`gfmtgj` mppimrs tj bi j`isojt ivi`t rmtoir tom` m fjoiri`t wojki jr m pmrt j m strmticy strmticy..
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jj ajfusih j` qum`tgtmtgvi surviys tomt mri tgli-fj`sulg`c m`h ygikh kgttki4 Gt gs rifjlli`hih tomt lm`mcirs `jt riky jvirky j` surviys, m`h ‛wmke toi tmke“ g`stimh. M crimt himk j g`jrlmtgj` fm` bi jbtmg`ih by sglpky wmkeg`c jutsghi j`i‗s fubgfki, sgttg`c wgto ilpkjyiis ilpkjyiis g` toi fmitirgm, jr tmkeg`c wgto toil j` toi tikipoj`i.
Xi busg`iss kimhir oms tj timr hjw` i`fis, pu`gso g`tir`mk pjkgtgfs, riwmrh fjjpirmtgj`, m`h i`fjurmci somrg`c j ghims g g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s mri tj glprjvi. glprjvi. Frimtg`c m` jpi` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fkglmti fkglmti tj suppjrt ilpkjyii fj`fir`s m`h jbdiftgvis lgcot bi m cjjh wmy tj glprjvi glprj vi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. Gt gs m cjjh ghim tj kit iviryj`i ivir yj`i g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj` e`jw womt jtoirs mri hjg`c. ^mstg`c toi jbdiftgvis j mkk toi timls wjreg`c j` vmrgjus prjdifts j` toi g`trm`it jr toi hmsobjmrh ripjrtg`c systil lgcot bi oikpuk ms wikk. Jrcm`gzg`c frjssu`ftgj`mk timls jr prjdifts fm` f m` mksj oikp mfgkgtmti g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. iml iml kimhirs lust i`cmci toi timls g` fj`tists, qugzzis, fkub mftgvgtgis, m`h jtoir ixtrmfurrgfukmr mftgvgtgis, m`h frimti m sugtmbki prjvgsgj` jr g`fubmtgj` j ghims. I`fjurmci ‛ojt hiseg`c.“ Ojt hiseg`c gs gs toi prmftgfi j `jt prjvghg`c hises tj ilpkjyiis, spifgfmkky toi smkis stm. Xiy fm` tmei m simt m`ywoiri wgtog` m fj`iri`fi rjjl. Xgs fm` privi`t m sgkj li`tmkgty, li`tmkgty, tomt gs, toi prmftgfi j jw`g`c jr pjssissg`c sjlitog`c g` m` u`rimsj`mbki lm``ir m`h mgkg`c tj somri gt.
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ VXRMXIC VXRMXICW W Xiri mri twj sghis tj strmticy g` fjllu`gfmtgj`s. G` toi rst g`stm`fi, toiri gs toi jrcm`gzmtgj`‗‗s strmticy4 womt gt ojpis tj mfogivi m`h ojw gt pkm`s tj cj mbjut mfogivg`c gt. Xmt strmticy tgj` wgkk bi suppjrtih, m`h tj sjli ixti`t, hikgvirih torjuco iiftgvi iif tgvi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. G` togs fj`tixt g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s fm` oikp j` sivirmk hgiri`t kiviks4 ❔
ikk4 G`jrlg`c pijpki j toi hgriftgj` tmei` (`j`-`icjtgmbki).
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Vikk4 Xgs gs hj`i wogki m`tgfgpmtg`c sjli jrl j bmfekmso, m`h gt riqugris sjli mlju`t j pirsumsgj`.
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hi fgsgj`-lmeg`c prjfiss. Fj`sukt4 Vjkgfgtg`c spifgf mrims j g`put tj toi hifgsgj`-lmeg`c
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G`vjkvi4 Viieg`c vmryg`c vmr yg`c hicriis j g`vjkvili`t m`h fj-frimtgj`.
Ixogbgt =.1 ixpkmg`s toi fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj` ` prjfiss hgmcrmllmtgfmkky hgmcrmllmtgfmkky.. Vifj`h, m`h ljri glpjrtm`t, g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s `iihs m strmticy j gts jw`. Gt sojukh bi pjsgtgj`ih ms ljri tom` m sglpki pkm` j tmftgfmk g`tirvi`tgj`s g` suppjrt j busg`iss mftgvgtgis. Ixogbgt =.1 M Ljhik ja Vtrmticgf Aiihbmfe
Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Lihgm • •
Vjfgmk lihgm ^riss rikmtgj`s Lmreit/Muhgi`fi
Jrcm`gzmtgj` • • • •
Xikk Vikk Fj`sukt
•
Lissmci
• • •
G`vjkvi Aiihbmfe
Aiihbmfe
Limsurili`t
Mft Buy Brmg`stjrl Hifghi Aiihbmfe
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
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Muhgi`fi/Lmreit4 Somt hjis toi jrcm`gzmtgj` e`jw mbjut toi g`jrlmtgj` `iihs j Muhgi`fi/Lmreit4 gts muhgi`fi/lmreit: Ojw sojukh gts muhgi`fi/lmreit bi sicli`tih:( Muhgi`fi Muhgi`fi riirs riirs tj toi ilpkjyiis m`h lmreit riirs riirs tj fkgi`ts, fustjlirs, suppkgirs, m`h, g` issi`fi, mkk toi pijpki ixtir`mk tj toi jrcm`gzmtgj`.)
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jrcm`gzmtgj`‗‗s lissmci tryg`c tr yg`c tj mfogivi: G` womt tj`i sojukh gt bi Lissmci4 Somt gs toi jrcm`gzmtgj` Lissmci4 fj`viyih: Lissmci fm` bi g`jrlmtgj`mk, pirsumsgvi, m`h ljtgvmtgj`mk.
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Lihgm4 Sogfo fom``iks wjre bist jr toi hgiri`t muhgi`fi sicli`ts: Ojw wgkk toiy Lihgm4 lmxglgzi rimfo m`h mfgkgtmti mftgj`: Mri toiri fkimr cughikg`is jr imfo: Lihgm g`fkuhis sjfgmk lihgm m`h jtoir fom``iks j g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s5 lihgm mksj lim`s toi priss m`h jtoir lmss lihgm.
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Limsurili`t4 Mri toiri fkimrky hi`ih suffiss frgtirgm jr toi qumkgty j fjllu`gfmLimsurili`t4 tgj`: Somt mri toi kimhg`c m`h kmccg`c limsuris:
@ulirjus fjrpjrmti jrcm`gzmtgj`s omvi iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticgis. Oiri gs m` ixmlpki4 M kimhg`c ljbgki fjlpm`y oms m` u`wrgtti` ruki tomt privi`ts ilpkjyiis rjl imtg`c ku`fo mt toigr hises jr cjg`c jut jr m limk. Xiy mri ci`irmkky mseih tj imt mt toi g`-ojusi, g`ixpi`sgvi fmitirgms. Xgs kimhs tj crimtir g`tirlg`ckg`c j ilpkjyiis jutsghi toigr jw` hipmrtli`t. Xgs oms bii` ju`h tj bi oikpuk g` somrg`c ghims m`h u`hirstm`hg`c gssuis.=6 G` 2>>8, toi fjrpjrmti fjllu`gfmtgj`s hipmrtli`t j m luktg`mtgj`mk hgstrgbutgj` fjlpm`y wm`tih tj glprjvi gts g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. Gt mutojrgzih ^uksi Foife, m sur viy imturi kmu`foih by Xi Bjjtomkkjwih Fjlpm`y, Fjlpm`y , tj tj hivgsi lm`mcimttgtuhis m sirgis j qumrtirky ‛puksi surviys.“ Xi puksi surviys toil cmucim`h ilpkjyii tjwmrhs toi `iw fjrpjrmti brm`h strmticy m`h prjvghi iihbmfe tj oikp toil glprjvi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s. Xi fj`ti`t wms hgvghih g`tj vi mrims4 Vtrmticy, ^irjrlm`fi, Wju m`h toi Fjlpm`y, Kimhirsogp, m`h Fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xi hmtm prjvghih toi fjrpjrmti fjllu`gfmtgj`s hipmrtli`t wgto m fkimrir pgfturi j ojw ilpkjyiis wm`t g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s tj wjre.=8 mtm Fj`suktm`fy Virvgfis (FV) oms sjlitog`c fmkkih toi Yktglmtgx‘m` j`kg`i systil tomt oikps fj``ift ilpkjyiis tj j`i m`jtoir j` m hmgky bmsgs. Xi fjlpm`y oms mksj fjkkmtih mkk toi prjcrmllis tomt oikps gt fjllu`gfmti g`tir`mkky wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Mffjrhg`c tj toi Fogi Ixifutgvi Jstfir j toi fjlpm`y, fjlpm`y, toi si`gjr lm`mcili`t mkwmys trgis tj liit ms lm`y ilpkjyiis ms pjssgbki m`h toi ogirmrfoy wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj` gs `ivir m og`hrm`fi g` togs fmsi. Iiftgvi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s mksj lm`mcis tj tmei mwmy toi striss rjl toi oiftgf sfoihukis ljst FV ilpkjyiis omvi tj lmg`tmg`. Ljst j toi ilpkjyiis j togs fjlpm`y mri g` toigr kmti twi`tgis m`h toi prjcrmllis mri ji` cimrih tjwmrhs toigr smtgsmftgj`. Kmst yimr, wgto m` ixtriliky kjw ilpkjyii mttrgtgj` rmti j 6 pir fi`t, FV prjvih tomt gts g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj` ` systil wms wjreg`c iiftgviky.=9 FV mksj ilpkjys jtoir iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticgis kgei toi jpi`-hjjr pjkgfy g` wogfo m`y ilpkjyii fm` mpprjmfo toi FIJ jr toi tjp lm`mcili`t wgto wjre-rikmtih prjbkils. Jpi`-ojusi sissgj`s mkkjw ilpkjyiis mt mkk kiviks tj liit m`h hgsfuss vmrgjus wjre-rikmtih gssuis. Ilpkjyiis fm` mksj tmei pmrt g` j`i-j`-j`i sissgj`s wgto toi si`gjr lm`mcili`t. Xisi sissgj`s mri oikpuk g` prjvghg`c li`tjrsogp, ms wikk ms u`hirstm`hg`c rimk-kgi gssuis tomt wjreirs lgcot mfi mt toi jstfi. Xi quirgis m`h hgsfussgj`s mri jrlmkky rifjrhih m`h jkkjwih up. Fjlpm`gis kgei G`jsys omvi iiftgvi g`-ojusi fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticgis ms wikk. Xiri, G`Vy`f gs toi g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s prjcrmlli jfusih j` eiipg`c G`jsys ilpkjyiis mbrimst j toi kmtist fjrpjrmti m`h busg`iss hivikjpli`ts, m`h iqugppg`c toil tj bi m ‛brm`h mlbmssmhjr“ jr toi fjlpm`y. Xgs prjcrmlli fjlbg`is m fjllu`gfmtgj` pjrtmk wgto wjresojps, lj`toky `iwskittirs, mrtgfkis, hmgky fmrtjj`s, m`h brmg`timsirs tj sy`forj`gzi imfo ilpkjyii wgto toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. Fjlpm`gis kgei Sgprj omvi vmrgjus g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s fom``iks g` jrhir tj fj``ift wgto gts ilpkjyiis. Ajr ixmlpki, Fom``ik S gs m` ilpkjyii pjrtmk mt Sgprj tomt frimtis m hi mftj ‛Sgprj fjllu`gty“ by mkkjwg`c ilpkjyiis tj g`tirmft wgto imfo jtoir m`h hgssilg`mti g`jrlmtgj` j` tog`cs toiy ljst foirgso. Xi g`trm`it i`suris tomt toi i`tgri
29
21 21
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
jrcm`gzmtgj` gs wgrih g` m`h tomt toiri gs lim`g`cuk ixfom`ci j g`jrlmtgj` m`h vgiws mfrjss hjlmg`s. Eiy siftgj`s j Fom``ik S i`fjurmci ilpkjyii pmrtgfgpmtgj` m`h fjllu`gfmtgj` torjuco bukkitg` bjmrhs m`h fomt rjjls. S=> gs m hgpstgfe surviy wgto ti` quistgj`s, wogfo foifes toi smtgsmftgj` kivik j` gssuis miftg`c fjlpm`y stmbgkgty, sifurgty gssuis, m`h supirvgsjry iiftgvi`iss g` Sgprj. Aiihbmfe cgvi` by ilpkjyiis gs somrih wgto toi tjp lm`mcili`t torjuco sfjrifmrhs g` togs systil. Xisi S=> sfjris toi` trgccir lm`mcirs jr supirvgsjrs supir vgsjrs tj liit toigr timls m`h risjkvi gssuis tomt frimti hgssmtgsmftgj` g` toi wjrepkmfi. Sgprj mksj fj`hufts ilpkjyii smtgsmftgj` surviys iviry twj yimrs. Ilpkjyiis mri i`fjurmcih tj fjlli`t j` m`h rm`e toi jrcm`gzmtgj` j` firtmg` mrims jr smtgsmftgj` hrgvirs. Xi tjp lm`mcili`t toi` pripmris m tgliky mftgj` mf tgj` pkm` tj mhhriss toi mrims j fj`fir`. mse jrfis mri frimtih tj jfus j` mrims tomt fm` bi glprjvih. Sgprj Sgp rj bikgivis tomt timl iihbmfe gs m` glpjrtm`t pmrmlitir j kimhirsogp hivikjpli`t ms wikk ms timl fjoisgvi`iss. M ‛segp kivik liitg`c“ gs, toirijri, rmtoir pjpukmr. Xisi mri jrlmk timl iihbmfe sissgj`s mfgkgtmtih by OR ms wikk ms toi supirvgsjr‗s supirvgsjr. Xgs gs m` g`stgtutgj`mkgzih prjfiss g` Sgprj m`h lm`mcirs sii crimt lirgt g` gt ms toiy cit iihbmfe rjl toi timl. Fj`siqui`tky F j`siqui`tky,, lm`mcirs fm` lmei fom`cis g` toi lghhki j m` j`cjg`c prjdift g` jrhir tj glprj glprjvi vi iiftgvi`iss mt wjre.=1
VYLLMRW ❔
ifo`jkjcgfmk mhvm`fili`ts, hgvirsgty hgvirsgty,, ckjbmkgzmtgj` j busg`iss, crjwto g` kicmk gssuis, m`h tgli fj`strmg`ts omvi lmhi fjllu`gfmtgj` m eiy segkk g` toi e`jwkihci ifj`jly.
fj`trjk j`i‗s bjhy km`cumci m`h bugkh m pjsgtgvi pirfiptgj` mbjut j`isik. ❔
G`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s pkmys m eiy rjki g` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` systils by ricukmtg`c toi fljw j g`jrlmtgj` torjuco fjllu`gfmtgj` lihgm. @iw lihgm mri big`c omr`issih tj frimti kg`es bitwii` ilpkjyiis.
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Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs rmtoir fjlpkix. Xgs gs bifmusi iviryj`i oms toigr pmrtgfukmr li`tmk rmlis tomt cughi toigr spiifo. Vi`sgtgvgty tj toi ‛jtoir`iss“ j jtoirs glprjvis fjllu`gfmtgj` fj`sghirmbky.
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Bmrrgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi risjkvih by e`jwg`c womt, ojw, ojw, woi`, m`h woiri tj fjllu`gfmti.
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Agrst glprissgj`s mri usumkky bmsih j` toi vgsumk glpmft,
Xi prjpjsih ljhik j iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticy mt toi wjrepkmfi ilpomsgzis ‛limsurili`t“ mlj`c jtoir mftjrs. Fjllu`gfmtgj` g`gtgmtgvis lust bi limsurmbki wgto m prjpir ‛muhgt.“ Xgs gs bju`h tj
jkkjwih by toi virbmk glpmft. Gt gs tous glpjrtm`t tj
cgvi toil toi rispiftmbgkgty toiy hisirvi.
MVVIVV WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. Hisfrgbi toi prjfiss j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Hj yju tog`e tomt toi prjfiss oms u`hircj`i m rmhgfmk trm`sjrlmtgj` wgto toi g`trjhuftgj` j `iwir jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`: 2. G` womt wmy fm` li`tmk bmrrgirs og`hir fjllu`gfmtgj`: 6. Ojw hj yju hgstg`cugso bitwii` sy`forj`jus m`h msy`forj`jus jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`: Hj yju mcrii
9. Somt mri toi bi`its j g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s: Ojw oms Cjjcki frmih gts g`tir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s strmticy: 1. Somt mri toi bi`its j eiipg`c toi kg`is j fjllu`gfmtgj` jpi` g` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`: 3. Srgti sojrt `jtis j` toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
Xi oulm` ljli`t mt wjre
wgto toi stmtili`t mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` oms hifkg`ih jvir toitomt yimrs: Cgvi rimsj`s jr yjur vgiw.
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Bkjcs ms tjjks jr jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s
8. Hgstg`cugso bitwii` g`tir`mk m`h ixtir`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` g` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`.
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Li`tmk ktirs
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Ojw tj lmei jtoirs kgsti` kgsti` tj tj yju
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
23
YVI WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. Rimh toi jkkjwg`c sgtumtgj` m`h m`swir toi quistgj` tomt jkkjws. Fjlpm`gis omvi rih tojusm`hs j ilpkjyiis g` toi rifi`t ifj`jlgf hjw`tur`. M iw yimrs mcj, RmhgjVomfe
Fjrpjrmtgj` si`t i-lmgks tj mpprjxglmtiky 8>> j gts ilpkjyiis, g`jrlg`c toil tomt toiy omh kjst toigr djbs. Gt gs pmrt j toi fukturi j firtmg` jrcm`gzmtgj`s tj fjllu`gfmti glpjrtm`t lissmcis torjuco i-lmgks. Ms toi OR lm`mcir mt RmhgjVomfe, wrgti m j`i-pmci lilj tj pirsumhi toi FIJ tj mhjpt m ljri sugtmbki m`h kiss hioulm`gzg`c strmticy jr `jtgyg`c ilpkjyiis tomt toiy omvi bii` kit cj.
cughikg`is tj i`suri fkimr, iiftgvi, m`h tj-toi-pjg`t fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj ` bitwii` mhvirtgsirs m`h vgiwirs. Ms toi hgriftjr j toi MhSjrhs hgvgsgj` j Cjjcki, yju omvi rifigvih lm`y i-lmgks rjl mhvirtgsg`c fjpywrgtirs quistgj`g`c woy Cjjcki oms `jt mffiptih toigr sublgssgj`s. Srgti m` i-lmgk tomt wgkk ixpkmg` woy toisi mhs mri `jt big`c mffiptih. G` yjur i-lmgk, mhhriss Cjjcki‗s g`ti`t tj eiip toi lissmci fkimr m`h iiftgvi. Ms yju ivmkumti yjur hrm, fj`sghir toi sub dift kg`i, toi lmg` fj`ti`t, m`h toi kittir‗s crmllmr crmllmr.. Wju wjukh mksj kgei mhvirtgsirs tj fj`tg`ui mhvirtgsg`c wgto Cjjcki m`h, ms sufo, rifjlli`h tomt toiy wjre wgto Cjjcki‗s ihgtjrs tj hivikjp imsy-tj-jkkjw stm`hmrhs jr sublgssgj`s.
2. Cjjcki, toi pjpukmr G`tir`it simrfo i`cg`i, oms tmei` toi rukis j crmllmr m stip urtoir. Ms ourrgih i-lmgks m`h g`stm`t lissmcis bifjli ljri fjllj`pkmfi, Cjjcki gs hjg`c gts bist tj i`fjurmci fkimr m`h iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` j` toi Sib torjuco prjpir crmllmr m`h spikkg`c. Gts MhSjrhs hgvgsgj`, wogfo gs rispj`sgbki
6. Lm`y tglis rifrugtirs mse typgfmk quistgj`s tomt mgl tj u`hirstm`h toi fm`hghmti biyj`h fmriukky sfrgptih rispj`sis. Ms m smvvy rifrugtir, ivmkumti toi rispj`sis tj toi jkkjwg`c g`tirvgiw quistgj`s ms sojw` g` Ixogbgt =.3.
jr mhvirtgsili`ts mkj`csghi risukts, g`sgsts j` stm`hmrhmppimrg`c I`ckgso m`h fjrriftsimrfo spikkg`c jr m`y mhs pkmfih j` toi sghi. Cjjcki hgsmkkjws toi usi j u`dustgih supirkmtgvis, sufo ms ‛bist“ jr ‛tmstgist“ m`h ixfissgvi pu`ftumtgj` sufo ms luktgpki ixfkmlmtgj` pjg`ts. Xi hgvgsgj`‗s hgriftjr g`sgsts j` toisi ihgtjrgmk
oi rifrugtir‗s ivmkumtgj` frgtirgm siig`c woitoir toi fm`hghmti gs m cjjh t jrg`fkuhi toi fjlpm`y, woitoir oi jr soi gs jrgi`tih tjwmrhs timlwjre m`h oms m` i`tirprgsg`c `mturi, m`h woitoir toi pjti`tgmk rifrugt oms m rispj`sgbki mttgtuhi m`h lmeis g`tikkgci`t fojgfis.
]uistgj`
Rispj`si
Cgvi li m` ixmlpki ja m tgli woi` yju omh m fj`akgft wgto m timl lilbir.
Jur kimhir mseih li tj om`hki mkk ixtir`mk fjrrispj`hi`fi ajr toi timl. G hgh gt, but aikt tomt fjrrispj`hi`fi wms m wmsti ja ly tgli
Xikk li li ojw yju yju sjkvi sjkvihh m prjbkil prjbkil tomt tomt wms wms glpihg glpihg`c `c yjur yjur prjdi prjdift: ft:
J`i ja ja toi i`cg i`cg`ii `iirs rs g` ly ly timl timl wms `jt `jt pukkg pukkg`c `c ogs ogs wigcot wigcot m`h m`h wi wiri fkjsg`c g` j` m himhkg`i. Vj G tjje j` sjli ja ogs wjre.
Somt‗s toi j`i tog`c tog`c yju wjukh wjukh kgei tj fom`ci fom`ci g` yjur furri`t furri`t pjsgtgj`: pjsgtgj`:
Ly djb ms m lmreitg`c lmreitg`c ixifutgvi ixifutgvi oms bifjli bifjli lu`hm`i. lu`hm`i. G wjukh kgei kgei toi rispj`sgbgkgty ja lm`mcg`c pijpki.
G ml g`ti g`tirvgi rvgiwg` wg`cc =2> pijp pijpki ki ajr ajr twj djbs djbs.. Soy Soy sojuk sojukhh G ogri ogri yju: yju:
G ripris riprisi`t i`t j`i ja toi toi bist bist lm`mcil lm`mcili`t i`t sfo sfojjk jjkss g` toi toi fju` fju`try try.. G aiik tomt G ml toi bist g` togs mrim. Sgto ajur yimrs ja ixpirgi`fi g` togs g`hustry m`h mkk toi `ifissmry qumkgagfmtgj`s, G fm` jaair yju sjlitog`c u`gqui, tomt `j jtoir fm`hghmti fm`.
Soy mri yjur crmhis sj kjw g` togs subdift:
G hgh `jt rimkky kgei togs subdift. G ml amr ljri g`tiristih g` mffju`ts m`h ag`m`fi, woiri yju fm` sii G omvi ogco sfjris.
Vojw li sjli smlpkis ja yjur wrgtg`c.
G ml sjrry. G hj `jt omvi wrgtg`c smlpkis. G hgh `jt e`jw tomt toisi wiri riqugrih ajr toi g`tirvgiw.
Somt omvi yju rimh rifi`tky: M`y ljvgis tomt yju omvi omvi sii` rifi`tky:
G hj `jt omvi toi tgli tj rimh. Ojwivir G smw toi Og`hg ljvgi ‛Mp`m ‛Mp`m Vmp`m Lj`iy Lj`iy“ m`h kgeih gt glli`siky.
Ixogbgt =.3
2? 2?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
8. ^kimsi rimh toi sfi`mrgj cgvi` oiri. Xi pirspiftgvis j imfo pmrtgfgpm`t g` toi fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj` ` prjfiss omvi bii` hitmgkih. Mir yju omvi rimh toi fmsi, m`swir toi quistgj`s tomt jkkjw. ❔
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Bmfecrju`h4 Mffjrhg`c tj m pjkk u`hih by Kivg Vtrmuss & Fj., ljri tom` omk j mkk wogti-fjkkmr wjreirs fm` `jw hriss fmsumkky mt wjre. Xgs tri`h riflifts kmrcir fom`cis g` wjre pmttir`s. Xi wjrepkmfi gs ljri flixgbki m`h ljri pijpki `jw wjre mt ojli jr omvi flixgbki ojurs. Ivi` Djo` Ljkkjy, toi curu j toi =7?>s‗ ‛hriss jr suffiss“ ljvili`t, `jw wjres wgto biuhhkih ixifutgvis, timfog`c toil womt tj wimr g` m fmsumk wjrkh.
toi Cuffg brgifmsi yju bjucot toi jtoir hmy tj toi jstfi!) Wju‗ri j` toi wmy tj liit toi FJJ tj sjrt jut toi gssui. Oi gs m `gfi pirsj` m`h yju rispift ogl jr ogs e`jwkihci m`h frihgbgkgty. ❔
Xi FJJ‗s pirspiftgvi4 Wju mri toi FJJ j Imst-
Xi timl kimhir‗s pirspiftgvi4 Hrissg`c fmsumkky g` prjissgj`mk prjissgj `mk pkmfis siils si ils tj bi m` g`frimsg`cky g`frim sg`cky fjllj` poi`jli`j`. Xi FJJ j toi mffju`tg`c rl yju wjre jr oms wrgtti` tj yju tj i`jrfi ‛kglgtih hriss-hjw`s,“ ms oi fmkks gt. G` ogs i-lmgk, toi FJJ oms pjg`tih jut toi ‛rgvjkjus“ hrissg`c styki j sjli ilpkjyiis. Wju iik tomt toi FJJ gs big`c
lm` Mssjfgmtis, m sihmti, wikk-istmbkgsoih, wikkm`h ogcokym`h rispiftih mffju`tm`fy rl.istmbkgsoih, Wju mri fj`fir`ih mbjut toi hwg`hkg`c prjissgj`mkgsl g` yjur fjlpm`y. Xgs gs ispifgmkky g` rikmtgj` tj toi fmsumk hrissg`c styki yju mri siig`c mt toi wjrepkmfi. G yju omh yjur wmy, yju wjukh priir toi trmhgtgj`mk styki j hrissg`c. Wju ixpriss yjur fj`fir`s tj vmrgjus timl oimhs m`h urci toil tj igtoir bi jrlmkky mttgrih jr istmbkgso sjli sjrt j m wrgtti` hriss fjhi. fj hi. Wjur wjrry gs tomt m` g`frimsi g`frims i j fmsumk wimr g` jstfi lgcot kjje u`prjissgj`mk, i`fjurmci skjppy wjre, m`h g` ci`irmk prjljti ‛jjkg`c mrju`h.“ mrju`h.“ Ljrijvir, yju mri fj`fir`ih mbjut womt pijpki lgcot wimr. Gs m wrgtti` fjhi `ifissmry g m fmsumk hriss pjkgfy gs mkkjwih: Soy, toi jtoir hmy yju wiri mlmzih tj sii si i
jvirky ‛stuy.“ Wju hj `jt `h m`ytog`c jbdiftgj`mbki g` toi lm``ir g` wogfo yjur timl lilbirs hriss. Wju iik tomt toiy mppimr lufo ljri rikmxih `jw m`h wgkkg`c tj put g` kj`cir ojurs j wjre. Xi jstfi mtljspoiri kgcoti`s, m`h j`i hjis cits m brime rjl lj`jtj`y. Wis, yju hj mhlgt tomt Vudjy wms kjjeg`c m kgttki sfruy hurg`c toi prisi`tmtgj` but gt‗s toi i`h risukt tomt lmttirs, hjis`‗t gt: Xi prisi`tmtgj` wms m suffiss. Wju iik tomt toi rl sojukh mkkjw gts ilpkjyiis hriss-hjw` jptgj`s, ghimkky mt mkk tglis. Ojwivir, g tomt gs `jt mffiptmbki (tojuco yju hj`‗t sii woy gt sojukh`‗t bi), toi` gt sojukh bi pirlgssgbki jr mt kimst j`i jr twj hmys g` m wiie. Soy `jt: Ivi` yjur timl lilbirs omvi rmgsih jbdiftgj`s tj toi i-lmgk si`t by toi FJJ. (By toi wmy, yju‗ri imcir tj brg`c
Vudjy hrissih sj fmsumkky jr m` glpjrtm`t prisi`tmtgj`! Gt‗s m wj`hir yju fkg`foih toi himk, bifmusi toi fkgi`t cmvi yju qugti m kjt j `icmtgvi iihbmfe mbjut Vudjy. Vudjy. Wju Wju omh m tjuco tgli fj`vg`fg`c f j`vg`fg`c yjur fkgi`t. J`i j toi timl oimhs, Bomrmt, oms mseih tj sii yju. Bomrmt lmy omvi sjli rmhgfmk vgiws but oi gs m` mssit tj yjur fjlpm`y. Ljrijvir, oi mtti`hih toi smli fjkkici yju hgh. meg`c m fui rjl toi fjllu`gfmtgj` ljhiks hgsfussih g` toi fomptir, m`mkysi toi fjllu`gfmtgj` bitwii` toi FJJ m`h toi timl kimhir ms prisi`tih g` togs fmsi. Vpifgfmkky, ogcokgcot toi rjki j pirfiptgj`s m`h ojw j`i fm` jvirfjli toil. Mksj wrgti m hgmkjcui riprisi`tg`c bjto toi rjkis. Wju mri rii tj mhh ljri g`jrlmtgj` woiri gt gs `ifissmry.
SIB-BMVIH I_IRFGVIV =. Qgsgt ottp4//www ottp4//www.`mfmhm.esu.ihu/fkimrg`cojusi/Mhvgs.`mfmhm.esu.ihu/fkimrg`cojusi/Mhvgsg`cGssuis/bjhy-spimes.otl. Ixpkmg` toi hgiri`fis g` bjhy km`cumci mfrjss fju`trgis.
8. Jutkg`i wmys tj mvjgh vgrtumk lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` mffjrhg`c tj toi Omrvmrh Busg`iss Rivgiw mrtgfki (vgsgt4 ottps4// obr.jrc/2>=6/>8/ojw-tj-mvjgh-vgrtumk-lgsfjllu`
2. Qgsgt ottp4//iqg.jrc/sullmry.otl. Somt hjis toi mutojr lim` by ‛big`c iljtgj`mkky kgtirmti“: Somt eg`h j silm`tgfs mri usih woi` j`i usis km`cumci tomt gs ogco j` iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi: 6. Fm` lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` bi ivir m cjjh wmy tj fjllu`gfmti: Qgsgt ottps4//pslmc.fjl/woi`-lgsfjllu`gfm
9. Ogcokgcot toi hm`cirs j lgsfmkfukmtgj` lgsfmkfu kmtgj` m`h lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` (vgsgt4 ottp4//www.ckjbmksjurfis.fjl/@ISV/ VGF-hm`cir-lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`-fog`m-sup VGF-hm`cir-lgsfjl lu`gfmtgj`-fog`m-suppkgirspkgirsixmlpkis.OL) womt hj toisi fmsi stuhgis rivimk mbjut toi g`oiri`t hm`cirs j lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`: (mksj vgsgt4 ottp4//www.busg`issg`sghir.fjl/?-trmcgf-lgsfmkfukm-
tgj`-gs-toi-j`ky-wmy-tj-fjllu`gfmti-1 tgj`-gs-toi-j`ky-wmy-tj-fjl lu`gfmti-1fb3h6mf?=9h# fb3h6mf?=9h#.. i7vehhb>u. Somt gs toi rjki j ‛icjfi`trgf prjfissis“ ms pjg`tih jut by mutojr Bjmz Eiysmr g` toi mrtgfki (vgsgt toi kg`e4 ottp4//psyfojkjcy.ufogfmcj.ihu/pijpki/mfukty/ eiysmr/28Zgfp>3.ph
tgj`s-m`h-lgsfjllu`gfmtgj`s-2>=6-=>:GR‖63. 6>‖63.
❔
Cgkkgm` Butkir m`h j`y Ojpi, Lm`mcg` Lm`mcg`cc Wjur Lg`h (@iw Wjre4 Jxjrh Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =771).
❔
D. ^imrsj`, G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` (Cki`vgiw, GK4 Vfjtt Ajrislm` m`h Fjlpm`y, =7?6).
❔
E. Hmvgs, ‛Lm`mcili`t Fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h toi Crmpivg`i,“ Omrvmrh Busg`iss Rivgiw (=796). Rivgiw (=796).
❔
E. Hmvgs, ‛Soiri Hgh tomt Ruljr Fjli Arjl:“ Ajrtu`i (Mucust Ajrtu`i (Mucust =737).
❔
^itir M`hirsi`, @j`virbmk Fjllu`gfmtgj`4 Ajrls m`h Au`ftgj`s, Au`ftgj`s, 2`h ihgtgj` (Kj`c Crjvi, GK4 Smvikm`h ^riss, 2>>3).
❔
Vtivi` ^g`eir, Ojw toi Lg`h Sjres Sjres (@iw Wjre4 S.S. @jrtj` & Fjlpm`y, =773).
❔
Vuzm``i Frmlptj`, ‛Xi G`jrlmk Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjre4 Amftjrs G`flui`fg`c Crmpivg`i Mftgvgty,“ ^ubkgf ^irsj``ik Lm`mcili`t (Hifilbir (Hifilbir =77?).
❔
Xjlms I. Omrrgs m`h Lmre H. @iksj`, Mppkgi @iksj`, Mppkgih h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`4 Xoijry m`h ^rmftgfi g` m Ckjbmk I`vgrj`li`t , 6rh ihgtgj` (@iw Wjre4 mykjr m`h Arm`fgs Crjup, 2>>?).
I@H@JXIV =. mei` rjl ;ottp4//www ;ottp4//www.qujtis.`it/qujt .qujtis.`it/qujti/30, i/30, mffissih j` Hifilbir 6>, 2>=>. 2. ‛^ m`h ] Vurviy, Ajfus,“ G`hustrgmk I`cg`iirg`c (=77>) (=77>) 1. 6. M. Amr`oml, ‛Xi rust Cmp“ Ajrtu`i Ajrtu`i (Hifilbir (Hifilbir =7?7) 84 91‖3?. 8. Mkbirt Liormbgm` m`h Vusm` R. Airrgs, ‛G`iri`fi j Mttgtuhis rjl @j`virbmk Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` wj Fom``iks,“ Dj `iks,“ Djur`m ur`mkk ja Fj`s Fj`suktg uktg`c `c ^sy ^syfoj fojkjcy kjcy (=713) (=713) 6=4 28?‖292. 9. C. Hi Lmri, ‛Fjllu`gfmtg`c4 Xi Eiy tj Istmbkgsog`c Cjjh Sjreg`c Rikmtgj`sogps,“ ^rgfi Smtirojusi Rivgiw (=7?7) Rivgiw (=7?7) 664 6>‖63.
=>. Bmsih j` lmtirgmk mvmgkmbki mt4 ottp4//g`jkgf.fjl/ =>. tifo`jkjcy/prjdift-lm`mcili`t/fjllu`gfmtgj`-bmrrgirs/, mffissih j` Du`i 22, 2>=>. ==. Bmsih j` toi lmtirgmk mvmgkmbki mt ottp4//www.pirsj``iktjhmy.fjl/mrtgfkis/2>=>/>6/=?/98??1/sjfgmk-lihgmmt-wjre-brimeg`c-hjw`-bmrrgirs-tj-fjllu`gfmtgj`. otlk, mffissih j` Du`i 28, 2>=>. =2. ^mtrgfe Bmrwgsi m`h Vim` Liiom`, ‛Gs Wjur Fjlpm`y Ms Fustjlir-Ajfusih Ms Wju Xg`e:“ LGX Xg`e:“ LGX Vkjm` Vkjm` Lm`Lm`mcili`t Rivgiw (Mprgk Rivgiw (Mprgk 2>=>).
1. mei` rjl Frmyjkm KKF Sib sgti4 ottp4//www.frmyjkm. fjl/fjkjrfi`sus/ogstjry/forj`jkjcy.fl, mffissih j` Dm`umry 6, 2>==.
=6. Mhmptih rjl ^itir Vkjm`i, ‛Ojw tj Brime Hjw` Bmrrgirs g` Fjllu`gfmtgj`4 j Vpur G``jvmtgj`, Brime Hjw` G`tir`mk Bmrrgirs,“ mffissih rjl ottp4// www.=>>>mhvgfis.fjl/curu/jrcm`gzmtgj`Zg``jvmtgviZ fjllu`gfmtgj`Zps.otlk, fjllu`gfmtgj `Zps.otlk, j` Dm`umry 9, 2>==.
3. Bmsih j` toi ripjrt mvmgkmbki mt ottp4//fmgb.`msm. cjv/`iws/ripjrt/ph/vjk=/fomptirs/fomptir=.ph, mffissih j` Dm`umry 8, 2>==.
=8. mei` rjl ottp4//www.sfrgbh.fjl/hjf/87686397/ u`gkivir-puksi-foife-fmsi-stuhy, mffissih j` Duky 29, 2>==.
?. Hmvgh H. Mfeir, ‛Vegkk g` Fjllu`gfmtgj`4 M Qgtmk Ikili`t g` Iiftgvi Lm`mcili`t,“ (Hgm`i ^ubkgsog`c, =772). Mffissih rjl rjl bjjes.cjjcki.fj.g`/ bjjes:gsb`1=?73 j` Dm`umry 9, 2>==. bjjes:gsb`1=?73
=9. Bmsih j` lmtirgmk tmei` rjl ottp4//www.tmtm.fjl/ fjlpm`y/Mrtgfkis/g`sghi.mspx:mrtgh=>.
7. Hjuckms LfCricjr, Xoi ^rjaissgj`mk Lm`mcir (@iw Wjre4 LfCrmw Ogkk, =713) p. =9=.
=1. mei` rjl ottp4//bkjc.wgprj.fjl/bkjc-cughikg`is/, mffissih j` Dm`umry 1, 2>==.
6> 6>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
FMVI VXYHW = Xjj Kiss m` G`ajrlmtgj`4 M Bmrrgir tj Fjllu`gfmtgj`:
ilpkjyiis wjreih g` m vmfuul wgtojut m`y e`jwkihci j womt toigr fjkkimcuis g` toi jtoir fmbg` wiri hjg`c.
Vullmry
Glpmft
M hgsfgpkg`ih wjreg`c i`vgrj`li`t i`vgrj`li`t gs `ifissmry tj survgvi g` togs fjlpitgtgvi wjrkh, woiri toi tifo`jkjcy gs ivjkvg`c mt m tirrgyg`c pmfi. Ojwivir, tjj lufo ilpomsgs j` rukis m`h ricukmtgj`s fm` mft ms m bmrrgir jr fjllu`gfmtgj` wgtog` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`, miftg`c gts crjwto g` toi kj`c ru`.
Bifmusi j sufo fjllu`gfmtgj` bmrrgirs, toiri wms tjtmk kmfe j trust m`h iikg`c j lutumkgty. oi i`vgrj`li`t wms ixtriliky sifritgvi ms ilpkjyiis wiri eipt g` toi hmre mbjut prisi`t m`h pjti`tgmk risimrfo mftgvgtgis. Qirtgfmk fjllu`gfmtgj` wms `imrky lmhi rihu`hm`t. ogs wms rikiftih g` toi pirjrlm`fi mpprmgsmk systils ljst woi` fkjsi tj 2> ilpkjyiis risgc`ih ms toiy ikt tomt toigr pirjrlm`fi wms `jt mpprmgsih fjrriftky. Hui tj kglgtih fjllu`gfmtgj` bitwii` toi ilpkjyiis m`h supirvgsjr, iihbmfe lifom`gsl hgh `jt sirvi gts purpjsi. Ivi` toi smkis pirsj``ik mt toi stjris wiri mksj `jt g`jrlih mbjut `iw prjhuft kmu`fois sj tomt g`jrlmtgj` fjukh `jt bi kimeih jut5 togs miftih toi bmsgf jpirmtgj`s mt toi stjris. Vglpki prjbkils bifmli bif mli tjj fjlpkix tj bi mhhrissih mt toi ritmgk stjris. oi smkisli` ju`h gt ixtriliky hggfukt tj fjpi wgto tifo`gfmk quirgis rmgsih by fustjlirs vgsgtg`c toi stjris. Fjllu`gfmtgj` wms mukty, g`fjrrift, m`h mt tglis, lgskimhg`c5 togs omppi`ih bifmusi toi smkispijpki wiri u`mwmri mbjut toi prjhuft hitmgks. ogs mksj glpmftih ritmgk smkis. ^jjr uphmtis kih tj pjjr pkm``g`c mt toi busg`iss kivik miftg`c lmreit somri.
G`trjhuftgj` Mgej ^vt. Kth. wms m kimhg`c Dmpm`isi fjlputir-lm`umfturg`c rl wgto m lmreit somri j 1>% wjrkhwghi. G` toisi tifo`jkjcy-g`ti`sgvi tglis, imfo rl wms puttg`c gts bist jjt jrwmrh tj mhjpt privi`tgvi limsuris. j privi`t g`jrlmtgj` kimemci Mgej omh mppjg`tih gts `iw FIJ, Lr Ogrjsog Emrueg rifi`tky. Oi omh rifi`tky g`trjhufih strgft `jrls wgtog` toi jrcm`gzmtgj` wgtohgsfkjsuri m` mgl tjjritmg` gts pjwir g` toi lmreit m`h privi`t m`y strmticgf g`jrlmtgj`. Xi wjreg`c i`vgrj`li`t mir toi fom`cis brjucot by toi `iw FIJ wms m bgc fj`trmst tj womt omppi`ih imrkgir. Imrkgir, toiri omh bii` `j ristrgftgj` j` fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h togs risuktih g` trili`hjus mlju`t j frimtgvgty m`h g``jvmtgj` mlj`c ilpkjyiis.
^rjbkil G` togs `iw i`vgrj`li`t ilpkjyiis wiri hgsfjurmcih tj hgsfkjsi m`y g`jrlmtgj` mbjut `iw prjhuft kmu`fois. Ms m risukt, toiri wms m kmfe j prjpir fjllu`gfmtgj` bitwii` kjw-kivik smkis pirsj``ik m`h mhlg`gstrmtgj`. Xi wjre j toi ilpkjyiis wms lmhi tj cj torjuco vmrgjus kmyirs j sfrutg`y wgtojut hgsfkjsg`c toigr ghi`tgty. Gt mppimrih tomt
]uistgj`s =. Somt hj yju tog`e sojukh fj`stgtuti toi mftgj` pkm`s j Ogrjsog mt togs du`fturi: 2. Gs fjllu`gfmtgj` toi smli ms g`jrlmtgj`: Ojw gs tjj kiss fjllu`gfmtgj` m bmrrgir tj prjhuftgvgty:
FMVI VXYHW 2 Amukty Mssulptgj`s m`h Kjss ja Lj`iy Vullmry MBF G`f. jr toi rst tgli g`trjhufih toi ljbgki pmyli`ts tifo`jkjcy g` toi lmreit m`h fjllgttih _WT ljbgki sir vgfis jr toi hikgviry j toi smli. Xi ilpkjyiis `iihih `i ihih tj bi trmg`ih g` hgcgtmk pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy tj u`hirstm`h toi ljbgki pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy. Xi fogi tifo`jkjcy jstfir j MBF G`f., Lr Rmtm` Bgrkm mssgc`ih toi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli tj Lr Rmd Vomo, m subdift lmttir ixpirt g` ljbgki tifo`jkjcgis. Xi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli hgh `jt mhh m`y vmkui tj toi ilpkjyiis m`h MBF Kth. lgssih toi himhkg`i i`hg`c up pmyg`c m fj`trmftumk pi`mkty tj _WT ljbgki sirvgfis.
G`trjhuftgj` Lr Rmtm` Bgrkm wms toi FJ j MBF G`f. wogfo wms m ckjbmk prjvghir j `m`fgmk sirvgfis tifo`jkjcy. Xi fjlpm`y sirvih ljri tom` ==,>>> fkgi`ts wjrkhwghi, g`fkuhg`c bm`es, torgs, frihgt u`gj`s, g`vistli`t lm`mcili`t rls, kimsg`c m`h `m`fi fjlpm`gis, ritmgkirs, lirfom`ts, m`h cjvir`li`t mci`fgis. MBF omh bii` rm`eih toi kmrcist prjvghir j pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy sirvgfis tj toi `m`fgmk sirvgfis g`hustry wjrkhwghi jr sgx j toi pmst igcot yimrs. G` 2>=9, MBF G`f. ripjrtih tjtmk rivi`ui j $8.6 bgkkgj`. Gt omh hivikjpih m `iw ljbgki pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy m`h i`tirih g`tj m fj`trmftumk mcriili`t wgto m kimhg`c ljbgki sirvgfis prjvghir, _WT ljbgki sirvgfis. Rmtm` R mtm` Bgrkm wms suppjsih tj jrcm`gzi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli jr toi
G`trjhuftgj` tj Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj`
ilpkjyiis j MBF G`f. j` toi ljbgki pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy. Lr Bgrkm mssgc`ih togs wjre tj Lr Vomo, m subdift lmttir ixpirt g` ljbgki tifo`jkjcgis. Oi frimtih m sfoihuki jr toi smli.
6=
j toi prjcrmlli siviriky hitirgjrmtih. @j j`i mlj`c toi ilpkjyiis ilpkjy iis g`tirruptih hui tj piir prissuri (womt wgkk jtoir pijpki tog`e:). Mseg`c quistgj`s wjukh bi fj`sghirih ms ivghi`fi j pjjr mwmri`iss m`h wms mvjghih by ljst j toi pmrtgfgpm`ts. Xi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli i`hih wgtojut m`y vmkui mhhg-
^rjbkil ^rjbkil Lr Vomo rifigvih m lmgk rjl Lr Bgrkm mbjut toi trmg`g`c tgj` tj toi pmrtgfgpm`ts. Xiri wms `j iihbmfe tmei` j` toi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli m`h toi ilpkjyiis wiri hgriftky put j` prjcrml j` ljbgki pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy. Xi prjcrml wms toi prjdift. mglih mt trmg`g`c toi ilpkjyiis j toi wojki busg`iss u`gt, Sogki wjreg`c j` toi prjdift, j`ky toi ilpkjyiis woj wogfo wms suppjsih tj bi wjreg`c j` togs hikgvirmbki tj toi omh u`hirstjjh toi ljbgki tifo`jkjcy wiri mbki tj wjre5 _WT ljbgki sirvgfis. toi rist strucckih fmusg`c m hgp g` toi prjhuftgvgty m`h Lr Bgrkm si`t m lmgk tj toi busg`iss u`gt ricmrhg`c toi wmstmci j tgli. trmg`g`c prjcrmlli m`h li`tgj`ih mbjut toi trmg`ir m`h toi sfoihuki. Lr Vomo bikgivih tomt pijpki fjukh `jt u`hir- Glpmft stm`h toi ljbgki pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy u`kiss toiy omh prgjr Xgs fmusih toi tgli riqugrih tj fjlpkiti toi prjdift tj e`jwkihci j hgcgtmk pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy. tifo`jkjcy. Oi mssulih tomt g`frimsi biyj`h toi istglmti m`h torimti`ih toi himhkg`i Lr Bgrkm lust omvi sikiftih toi trmg`iis woj omh tj bi jr toi hikgvirmbkis j toi prjdift. Xi tglikg`i jr toi prjtrmg`ih j` hgcgtmk pmyli`t tifo`jkjcy. dift omh tj bi ri-istglmtih. Gt risuktih g` toi ixti`sgj` j Xi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli stmrtih5 ojwivir ljst trmg`- toi himhkg`i wogfo omh m lj`itmry glpmft j` MBF G`f. ms iis hgh `jt omvi m prgjr e`jwkihci j toi hgcgtmk pmyli`ts. gt wms fj`trmftumkky bju`h tj hikgvir tj _WT ljbgki sirvgfis Lr Vomo bicm` toi trmg`g`c wgtojut cmucg`c toi muhgi`fi‗s muhgi`fi‗s j` toi mjrili`tgj`ih hmti. fjljrt kivik wgto toi tifo`jkjcy m`h hgriftky dulpih j` tj toi tjpgf j ljbgki tifo`jkjcy. tifo`jkjcy. Ljst j toi muhgi`fi wms ]uistgj`s qugti mt sim, omvg`c `j e`jwkihci mbjut toi dmrcj` Lr Vomo =. Ojw fjukh toi prjbkil bii` privi`tih: wms spjutg`c. 2. Somt fjllu`gfmtgj` gssuis mri `ifissmry tj mfgkgtmti Ms toi trmg`g`c prjcrmlli prjcrissih, m kmrci `ulbir trmg`g`c prjcrmlli iiftgvi`iss: j pmrtgfgpm`ts kjst g`tirist m`h hjzih j5 toi prjhuftgvgty
FMVI VXYHW 6 Fjllu`gfmtg`c Djb Rispj`sgbgkgtgis tj Mvjgh Fj`ausgj`
tjlirs, ogs imrs wiri fj`grlih. Mktojuco m lmdjrgty j rispj`hi`ts smgh toiy wiri smtgsgih wgto toi jvirmkk ixpirgi`fi, 8>% ikt toigr ixpirgi`fi wms `jt mt mkk cjjh.
Vullmry MBF Ripmgrg`c Fj. gs m kmrci kmptjp ripmgrg`c m`h lmg`ti`m`fi rl tomt jpirmtis g` mkk m kk lmdjr litrj m`h fgtgis mfrjss G`hgm. Gt prjvghis kmptjp ripmgrg`c sjkutgj`s tj m sgzimbki `ulbir j usirs woj jw` hisetjps jr kmptjps m`h riqugri qugfe, rikgmbki m`h mffurmti ripmgrg`c sjkutgj`s. Xi rl oms bifjli m lmdjr `mtgj`mk-kivik pkmyir g` ripmgrg`c busg`iss g` toi kmst => yimrs. Gt omh furri`tky rifjrhih m hifkg`i g` lmreit somri m`h `iihih tj rivgsgt fjllu`gfmtgj` u`hmli`tmks mt toi wjrepkmfi.
M`gk gs wj`hirg`c woitoir gt gs toi kmfe j fjllu`gfmtgj` tomt gs fmusg`c togs wghisprimh hgssmtgsmftgj` wgto toi fjlpm`y.
G`trjhuftgj` M`gk Bmdmd wms toi ricgj`mk lm`mcir j MBF Ripmgrg`c Fj. jr ljri tom` twj yimrs `jw. Oi wjreih jr m fjlpitgtjr bijri djg`g`c MBF. ojuco MBF pmgh ljri, oi stgkk ikt tomt toi wjre i`vgrj`li`t wms `jt ms vgtmk jr i`ircitgf ms gt wms wgto gts fjlpitgtjr. ogs, oi ikt oms miftih toigr kivik j ljtgvmtgj`. Soi` oi fj`huftih m surviy tj fjkkift g`jrlmtgj` rjl toi ixgstg`c fus-
^rjbkil MBF omh mbjut 6>>> ilpkjyiis g` jur djb fmticjrgis, `mliky tifo`gfgm`s, i`cg`iirs, jrhir prjfissjrs, m`h bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvis. I`cg`iirs wiri toi ogcoist pmgh5 toirijri, fustjlirs mtti`hih by toi i`cg`iirs wiri bgkkih toi ogcoist. ifo`gfgm`s wiri pmgh mbjut j`i-jurto j womt wms pmgh tj toi i`cg`iir. Xirijri, fustjlirs mtti`hih by tifo`gfgm`s wiri bgkkih ljhistky. Xi jrhir prjfissjrs rifigvih fmkks rjl fustjlirs woj toi` hifghih woitoir tj si`h m` i`cg`iir jr m tifo`gfgm` tj mtti`h toi fustjlir. J`fi toi fustjlir wms mtti`hih by igtoir j toi twj, toi bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvi fmkkih toi fustjlir tj g`jrl ogl mbjut toi fomrcis tomt oi/soi `iihih tj pmy. pmy. Ms toi fustjlir wms `jt mbki tj ixpkmg` toi ixmft i xmft tifo`gfmk `mturi j toi prjbkil m`h toi jrhir prjfissjr wms `jt
62 62
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
fjlpiti`t g` togs ricmrh, toi jrhir prjfissjr wms u`mbki tj hifghi woitoir tj si`h m tifo`gfgm` jr i`cg`iir. Ji` oi si`t m` i`cg`iir woi` toi prjbkil dust riqugrih m ru` j m`tgvgrus jr ribjjt. Xgs risuktih g` `jt j`ky hiljtgvmtg`c toi i`cg`iir but mksj kit toi bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvi bgkk m ogcoir mlju`t tj toi fustjlir tom` womt toi mftumk sojukh
Xi jrhir prjfissjrs j` toi jtoir om`h fkmglih tomt toiy mkkjfmtih m` i`cg`iir jr m tifo`gfgm` tj toi bist j toigr u`hirstm`hg`c j toi gssui. Xiy fkmgl g``jfi`fi jvir togs i`tgri i`cg`iir vs. tifo`gfgm` hibmti. Xi i`cg`iir m`h toi tifo`gfgm`s, j` toi om`h, tojucot tomt toiy omh `j rjki tj pkmy g` hifghg`c woj omh tj cj woiri m`h woi`.
omvi bii`. Xi fustjlirs ikt tomt toiy wiri jvirfomrcih Glpmft m`h tomt toi sirvgfi fomrcis wiri tjj ixpi`sgvi. Vglgkmrky, m tifo`gfgm` wms sjlitglis si`t g` pkmfi j Xi fustjlirs stmrtih fjlpkmg`g`c mbjut toi pjjr sirvgfi m` i`cg`iir. Soi` toi tifo`gfgm` wms u`mbki tj fjlpkiti tomt toiy wiri cittg`c rjl toi Fjlpm`y. Xiy frgtgfgzih toi tmse, toi fustjlirs wiri hgsmppjg`tih. Xiy ixpiftih toi fjlpm`y jr si`hg`c liri tifo`gfgm`s jr fjlpkix m trmg`ih i`cg`iir tj risjkvi toi tifo`gfmk gssuis but omh djbs m`h i`cg`iirs jr lg`jr ripmgrs. Xiy mksj fjlpkmg`ih fjlpkmg`ih tj bi fj`ti`t wgto sub-pmr sirvgfis wgto ripimt vgsgts m`h mbjut toi ogco rmtis fomrcih by toi i`cg`iirs m`h hgh `jt jvir bgkkg`cs. Ljrijvir, toi tifo`gfgm` sfoihukih vgsgts by rispj`h tj toi bgkks si`t by toi bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvis. Xgs i`cg`iir m`h toi bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvi riprisi`tmtgvi fomrcis toi fustjlir rihufih toi `ulbir j fustjlirs m`h kih tj m hifkg`i g` bjto jr toi tifo`gfgm` ms wikk ms i`cg`iir. Xgs kih tj kjss rivi`uis. j tgli m`h pmyli`t j mhhgtgj`mk ixpi`sis j` fustjlir‗s ]uistgj`s pmrt. Xi bgkkg`c riprisi`tmtgvi fkmglih ogs g``jfi`fi jvir toi =. Ojw sojukh Bmdmd risjkvi toi gssui: lmttir stmtg`c tomt ms oi/soi wms fomrcg`c toi fustjlir ms 2. Somt gs toi glpjrtm`fi j fkimr fut fjllu`gfmtgj` tj mutojrgzih by toi smkis hipmrtli`t. Xi djb wms fkirgfmk g` ilpkjyiis: `mturi m`h toi djb hisfrgptgj` j toisi ilpkjyiis riqugrih toil liriky tj jkkjw stgpukmtih jrhirs.
]YJXI Iaaiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi kgai bkjjh ja mkk jrcm`gzmtgj`s. Sgto toi g`rjmhs tifo`jkjcy oms lmhi g` jur wjreg`c kgvis, toi fomkki`ci biajri us gs tj i`suri fjllu`gfmtgj` stmys rikivm`t m`h tgliky. Vuffissauk jrcm`gzmtgj`s `iih tj hikgvir fj`sgsti`tky, m`h fjllu`gfmtgj` gs m pjwirauk lim`s tj tomt i`h. ‘Risolm Tmoiir, FJJ, Kjcgstgfs & Fmrcj ^vt. Kth.
Fomptir 2 | XOIJRGIV JA G@XIR^IRVJ@MK M@H
JRCM@GTMXGJ@MK JRCM@GTM XGJ@MK FJLLY@GFM FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ XGJ@ Matir fjlpkitg`c togs fomptir, fomptir, yju sojukh bi mbki tj4 ❔
❔
Y`hirstm`h tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` gs `jt liriky fjllj` si`si m`h tomt gt gs bmsih j` m strj`c toijritgfmk ju`hmtgj`.
❔
Jbtmg` m hiipir u`hirstm`hg`c u`hirst m`hg`c j fjllu`gfmtgvi ivi`ts. Xgs gs ispifgmkky usiuk jr risimrfoirs m`h sfojkmrs.
❔
Ixpkmg` toi psyfojkjcgfmk u`hirpg``g`c j fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h biomvgjurmk sfgi`fi. G`ticrmti fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto furri`t tri`hs, ispifgmkky fjlputir-lihgmtih fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Xoijrgis mri lmps ja rimkgty.. Xoi truto toiy hipgft rimkgty lmy bi jbdiftgvi amfts ‛jut ‛j ut toiri“ jr subdiftgvi lim`g`cs g`sghi jur oimhs. Igtoir wmy, wi `iih tj omvi toijry tj cughi us torjuco u`amlgkgmr tirrgtjry. =
G@XRJHYFXGJ@
I. Cr Crgst gst`
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi somrg`c j g`jrlmtgj` torjuco toi usi j sgc`s m`h sylbjks. Gt Fjllu`gfmtgj` g`vjkvis si`hg`c, rifigvg`c, fjhg`c, hifjhg`c, m`h g`tirpritg`c lim`g`c. Gt pirlimtis mkk kiviks j oulm` g`tirmftgj`s. Fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi m`mkysih mt hgiri`t kiviks j g`tirmftgj`. Xisi mri4 ❔
G`trmpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` (ojw g`hgvghumks fjllu`gfmti)
❔
G`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` (ojw twj g`hgvghumks g`tirmft m`h uktglmtiky g`flui`fi toi jtoir)
❔
Crjup fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` (toi hy`mlgfs j timl fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`) `)
❔
Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` (toi jrlmk m`h g`jrlmk strufturis riqugrih jr iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s)
Lm`y ikhs striss toi glpjrtm`fi j usg`c fjllu`gfmtgj` toijry tj u`hirstm`h u`h irstm`h toi `um`fis j oulm` biomvgjur. Ajr ixmlpki, ilpgrgfmkky, toi usis j pirspiftgvis j mppkgih fjllu`gfmtgj` (mppkgih (mppkgih fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` fjllu`gfmtgj` toijry m`h gts mppkgfmtgj` g` rimk kgi) mri tistih tj prjvi biomvgjur fom`cis ms m risukt j m pmrtgfukmr fjllu`gfmtgj` fmlpmgc`. Frgtgfmk stuhgis mri mksj fj`huftih tj u`hirstm`h toi bmsgs j m fjllu`gfmtgj` mftgj`.
X @ G J ^
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fj`tixtumk. Oi`fi, toijrgis omvi `j pkmfi g` toi timfog`c ja busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Xoijrgis istmbkgso m bmsgs ajr mftgj`. Xoiy fm` prihgft toi hgriftgj` ja fjllu`gfmtgj`.
Xoijry gs jati` fj`sghirih glprmftgfmk, u`rimkgstgf, m`h ivi` spifukmtgvi.
Ljst toijrgis omvi bii` hirgvih arjl prmftgfi. M toijry gs m` ‛ixpkm`mtgj` ja rimkgty.“ Xoijrgis mri tj bi vgiwih ms mffulukmtih ixpirgi`fis m`h mri tj bi suppkili`tih wgto prmftgfi.
Mt toi wjrepkmfi, prmftgfmk ixpirgi`fis mri cgvi`
Xoijry m`h prmftgfmk ixpirgi`fi mri fjlpkili`tmry. Somt lmttirs tj
ljri wigcot.
m` ilpkjyir gs ojw m` g`hgvghumk himks wgto sgtumtgj`s g` m stmtih fj`tixt.
F J Y @ X I R ^ J G @ X
68 68
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Xgs fomptir brgifly g`trjhufis toi jrgcg`s m`h ogcokgcots j fjllu`gfmtgj` toijrgis m`h hilj`strmtis toigr rikivm`fi tj toi rimk wjrkh. Xi fomptir hjis `jt siie tj prj vghi m` ixomust ixomustgvi gvi mffju`t j toi t oi hivik hivikjpli`t jpli`t j fjllu`gfmt f jllu`gfmtgj` gj` toijr toijry. y. J`ky toijr toijrgis gis tomt mri rikivm`t tj jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fj`tixts omvi bii` hgsfussih. Km`cumci, lim`g`c, m`h lissmcis mri toi fi`trmk toilis g` fjllu`gfmtgj` toijry m`h mri mksj toi prglmry jfus j togs fomptir.
JRCM@GTMXGJ@ JA FJLLY@GFM FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ XGJ@ VXYHGIV Fjllu`gfmtgj`s prjissjr prjissjr Cijrci Cirb`ir hisfrgbih hisfr gbih torii lmg` brm`fois j fjllu`gfmtgj` stuhy42 ❔
Vilgjtgfs4 Vilgjtgfs Vilgjtgfs gs gs toi stuhy j sgc`s m`h sylbjks m`h ojw toisi fjlbg`i tj fj`viy lim`g`cs g` vmryg`c sjfgmk, s jfgmk, fukturmk, m`h busg`iss fj`tixts.
❔
Lihgm iifts4 Lihgm iaaifts iaaifts gs gs toi stuhy j biomvgjur m`h g`tirmftgj` torjuco lissmcis. Gt jfusis j` limsurg`c, limsur g`c, prihgftg`c, m`h ixpkmg`g`c toi glpmft j lissmcis j` pijpki‗s pijpki‗s pirfiptgj`s, e`jwkihci, bikgis, m`h mttgtuhis.
❔
Lissmci prjhuftgj`4 Lissmci prjhuftgj` prjhuftgj` gs toi stuhy j kmrci-sfmki jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` systils m`h sjfgj-pjkgtgfmk g`stgtutgj g`stgtutgj`s. `s.
Dust ms toiri gs `j sg`cki toijry tj ixpkmg` oulm` biomvgjur, toiri gs `j sg`cki fjllu`gfmtgj` pmrmhgcl tomt ixpkmg`s toi g`flui`fi j fjllu`gfmtgj`, km`cumci, lissmci, m`h lim`g`c j` pirfiptgj`, biomvgjurs, mttgtuhis, m`h jutfjlis. Fjllu`gfmtgj`s risimrfoirs omvi g`frimsg`cky sjucot tj fj``ift m`h g`ticrmti iifts mfrjss kiviks j m`mkysgs‘rjl toi ‛lgfrj“ tj toi ‛lmfrj.“ Xi stuhy j fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h lmss lihgm oms kih tj toi jrlukmtgj` j lm`y typis j toijrgis4 ❔
Vtrufturmk m`h au`ftgj`mk4 Vtrufturmk m`h au`ftgj`mk toijrgis toijrgis bikgivi bikgivi tomt sjfgmk strufturis mri rimk m`h u`ftgj` u`f tgj` g` wmys tomt fm` bi jbsirvih jbdiftgviky.
❔
Fjc`gtgvi m`h biomvgjurmk4 Fjc`gtgvi m`h biomvgjurmk toijrgis toijrgis ti`h tj jfus j` toi psyfojkjcy j g`hgvghumks.
❔
G`tirmftgj`gst4 G`tirmftgj`gst toijrgis vgiw toijrgis vgiw sjfgmk kgi ms m prjfiss j g`tirmftgj`.
❔
G`tirpritgvi4 G`tirpritgvi toijrgis u`fjvir toijrgis u`fjvir toi wmys g` wogfo pijpki mftumkky u`hirstm`h toigr jw` ixpirgi`fis.
❔
Frgtgfmk4 Frgtgfmk toijrgis mri toijrgis mri fj`fir`ih wgto toi fj`flgfts j g`tirists g` sjfgity m`h toi wmy fjllu`gfmtgj` pirpitumtis hjlg`mtgj` j j`i crjup jvir m`jtoir.
Ixpirts succist sgx frgtirgm jr prjpirtgis j m strj`c toijry4 ❔
sfjpi gs toi rm`ci j toi toijry m`h ojw wghiky gt mppkgis Xijritgfmk sfjpi4 Xoijritgfmk sfjpi gs tj ljst sgtumtgj`s.
❔
Mpprjprgmti`i jprgmti`iss ss gs Mpprjprgmti`iss4 Mppr gs ojw o jw wikk toi toijry‗ toi jry‗ss ipgstiljkjcgfmk, j`tjkjcgfmk, m`h mxgjkjcgfmk mssulptgj`s rikmti tj toi gssui big`c ixmlg`ih.
❔
vmkui gs ojw wikk toi toijry sirvis ms m ljhik jr urtoir Oiurgstgf vmkui4 Oiurgstgf vmkui risimrfo g` toi mrim.
❔
Qmkghgty4 Qmkghgty g`vjkvis ojw mffurmtiky toi toijry hipgfts toi rimk wjrkh m`h ojw fj`sgsti`t gts mrculi`ts mri.
❔
gs ojw sglpky toi toijry ixpkmg`s poi`jli`m m`h ojw imsy gt gs ^mrsglj`y4 ^mrsglj`y gs
❔
tj u`hirstm`h. Jpi``iss himks wgto ojw flixgbki toi toijry gs m`h ojw gt mffjlljhmtis Jpi``iss4 Jpi``iss jtoir toijrgis g` ixgsti`fi.
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
MXXRGBYXGJ@ MXXRGBYXGJ @ XOIJRW Xi mttrgbutgj` toijry wms rst prjpjsih by A. Oighir6 m`h ljhgih by Dj`is, Em``jusi, Eikkiy, @gsbitt, Qmkg`s, m`h Sig`ir ms m toijritgfmk rmliwjre.8 Xi fjri issi`fi j toi toijry gs tomt pijpki mttrgbuti toi risukts j toigr (jr jtoirs‗) mftgj`s tj firtmg` g`tir`mk m`h ixtir`mk fmusis. G`tir`mk fmusis mri fmusis mri toi fmusis g`trg`sgf tj toi pirsj`, sufo ms toigr mttgtuhi, ljtgvmtgj`, trmgts, jr pirsj`m. Ixtir`mk mttrgbutgj` gs g`oiri`t g` toi sgtumtgj`. Xus, pijpki fm` fojjsi tj bkmli jtoirs jr toilsikvis jr toigr lgsjrtu`i m`h mgkuris, jr toiy fm` fojjsi tj bkmli toi sgtumtgj` toiy mri g`. ^ijpki fm` mhjpt hii`sgvi jr ji`sgvi strmticgis woi` mfih wgto m mgkuri jr kjss. Xiy fm` hii`h toilsikvis mcmg`st m pirfigvih ‛pirsj`mk mttmfe“ by jtoirs, jr toiy fm` kmu`fo m` ji`sgvi mcmg`st toil. ^ijpki mksj omvi m ti`hi`fy tj mbsjkvi toilsikvis j bkmli jr cugkt wogki bkmlg`c jtoirs. Ixogbgt 2.= ixpkmg`s togs toijry mkj`c wgto toi g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs usih wgto rimsj`g`c. G` fjllu`gfmtgj`, toi km`cumci j mttrgbutgj` gs glpjrtm`t tj u`hirstm`hg`c toi ljtgvmtgj` ljtgvmtgj ` j pijpki. Sime pormsis rivimk m kmfe j fj`hi`fi (i.c., ‛G ml wime g` togs to gs sub dift…“) dift… “) wogki m strj`c pormsi (i.c., ‛…toi ‛…toi wimtoir pkmyih trum`t…“) trum`t…“) glpkgis tomt toi pirsj` gs sik-fj`hi`t.
MRCYLI@XMXGJ@ XOIJRW 9
Mffjrhg`c vm`sjfgmk Iiliri`, Crjjti`hjrst, m`h V`jife Oi`eilm`s , mrculi`tmtgj` gs hi`ih ms m ‛virbmktj m`h mftgvgty j rimsj` mglih mt g`frimsg`c (jr hifrimsg`c) toi mffiptmbgkgty j m fj`trjvirsgmk stm`hpjg`t jr toi kgsti`ir jr rimhir, by puttg`c jrwmrh m fj`stikkmtgj` j prjpjsgtgj`s prjpjsgtgj `s g`ti`hih tj dustgy (jr riuti) toi stm`hpjg`t bijri m rmtgj`mk duhci.“ Xgs gs m `j`-fjc`gtgvi m`h ‛`j`-truto fj`hgtgj`mk“ silm`tgf toijry tomt tmeis kg`cugstgf uttirm`fis ms gts hjlmg`, ispifgmkky toi usi j ‛but“ m`h ‛ivi`“. Xisi uttirm`fis mri usih igtoir ms prilgsis jr fj`fkusgj`s g` mrculi`ts. Xgs toijry ci`irmkky prifkuhis toi fjc`gtgvi prjfissis j hifjhg`c m`h g`iri`fi tomt oikp tj trm`skmti m li`tmk prjpjsgtgj prjpjsgtgj` ` tj m ukky u kky prjpjsgtgj`mk prjpjsgtgj `mk riprisi`tmtgj`. Xi mrculi`tmtgj` toijry hisfrgbis ojw pijpki mrcui (sii Ixogbgt 2.2). Gt hisfrgbis m` mrculi`t ms ‛ljvili`t rjl mffiptih hmtm torjuco m wmrrm`t tj m fkmgl.“ Xus toi torii lmg` ikili`ts j m` mrculi`t mri4 hmtm, wmrrm`t, m`h fkmgl. Xi hipi`hi`t fj`struft gs toi fkmgl jr toi fj`fkusgj`, m`h toi lmg` g`hipi`hi`t fj`strufts mri toi hmtm (mfts m`h jpg`gj`s) m`h toi wmrrm`t (mhvm`fili`t j hmtm). Xisi kimh tj m fkmgl jr m fj`fkusgj`.
Ixogbgt 2.= G ml tjj wime g` toi subdift G hgh `jt try omrh i`juco G kmfe toi sjfgmk segkks tj `itwjre iaaiftgviky •
Rimftgj` = Bkmli kmfe ja iaajrt, wgkk, itf.
Ivi`t
•
•
Kjss Lgsajrtu`i Amgkuri
• • •
Rimftgj` 2 • • •
Bkmli jtoirs Bkmli sgtumtgj` Bkmli kufe/fom`fi
Xoi ixml wms tjuco Xoi wimtoir spjgkih ivirytog`c Voi rug`ih ly pmrty • •
•
M` Gkkustrmtgj` Hipgftg`c Mttrgbutgj` Xoijry g` Mftgj`
69
61 61
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Ixogbgt 2.2
Xoi ^rjfiss ja Mrculi`tmtgj` Jpi`g`c
Fj`arj`tmtgj`
Mrculi`tmtgj`
Fj`fkuhg`c
Xi wmrrm`t gs gs hisfrgbih ms toi kimp tomt mhvm`fis hmtm g`tj m fkmgl. Smrrm`t, mffjrhg`c tj juklg`, gs ‛g`fghi`tmk m`h ixpkm`mtjry, gts tmse big`c sglpky tj ricgstir ixpkgfgtky toi kicgtglmfy j toi stip g`vjkvih m`h tj riir gt bmfe tj toi kmrcir fkmss j stips wojsi kicgtglmfy gs big`c prjpjsih.1 Ixpirts succist torii mhhgtgj`mk fjlpj`i`ts4 bmfeg`c, ributtmk, m`h qumkgir. Bmfeg`c gs gs toi ivghi`fi jr suppjrt jr mssulptgj`s g` toi wmrrm`t. Ributtmk rifjc`gzis toi fj`hgtgj`s u`hir wogfo wo gfo toi fkmgl wgkk `jt bi trui. M`h `mkky, toi qumkgir gs gs toi prjbmbgkgty jr kivik j fj`hi`fi j toi fkmgl. Qm` Iiliri` m`h R. Crjjti`hjrst ghi`tgy vmrgjus stmcis j mrculi`tmtgvi hgmkjcui4 ❔
Fj`arj`tmtgj`4 Fj`rj`tmtgj` gs toi ixpkm`mtgj` j toi prjbkil, toi typi j hgsmcriili`t bitwii` toi jppjsg`c pmrtgis.
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Jpi`g`c4 Jpi`g`c gs toi prisi`tmtgj` j ivghi`fi, g`tirpritmtgj`s, m`h rukis.
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Mrculi`tmtgj`4 Mrculi`tmtgj` gs toi substm`tgmtgj` j toi prjbkil, urtoir fkmrgfmtgj`, g`tirpritmtgj`, m`h mssjfgmtgj` wgto ivi`ts.
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Fj`fkusgj`4 Xi fj`fkuhg`c pmrt g`fkuhis mhoirg`c tj kglgtmtgj`s j tgli m`h fj`hgtgj`s glpjsih by toi mrbgtir, mrbgtir, mcriili`t j` toi gssui, m`h m hisgri tj fmrry fmrr y gt jrwmrh.
Vfoikki`s ixpkmg`s torii typis j mrculi`ts43 ❔
Ricukmrgty-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj`4 Ricukmrgty-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj mrculi`tmtgj` ` gs usih g` suppjrt j m hisfrgptgvi stmtili`t mbjut sjlitog`c tomt gs omppi`g`c g` toi prisi`t jr uturi, jr oms omppi`ih g` toi pmst. Xi prjpjsgtgj` fm` bi mftumk jr hisfrgptgvi m`h gs bmsih j` ivi`ts tomt omvi jffurrih wgto ricukmrgty. Ajr ixmlpki, toi mrculi`t tomt wi lust suppjrt toi m`tg-fjrruptgj` ljvili`t ms gt gs m sfjurci tomt histrjys m fju`try.
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Ruki-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj` mrculi`tmtgj`44 Ruki-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj mrculi`tmtgj` ` gs usih g` suppjrt j m `jrlmtgvi stmtili`t mbjut toi vmkui j m sgtumtgj` jr prjfiss. Mrculi`ts mri cgvi` jr toi vmkghgty jr g`vmkghgty j rukis m`h prjfihuris jr mri bmsih j` `jrls mbjut firtmg` sgtumtgj`s jr prjfissis. Ajr ixmlpki, toi mrculi`t tomt jstfi `jrls stmti tomt mkk spimeirs lust stmy mt toi cuist ojusi.
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^rmclmtgf mrculi`tmtgj`4 ^rmclmtgf mrculi`tmtgj mrculi`tmtgj` ` gs usih g` suppjrt j prjljtg`c hisgrih biomvgjur. M pjsgtgj` j` toi hisgrmbgkgty j m cgvi` mftgj`, biomvgjur, jr limsuri gs mhvjfmtih j` toi bmsgs j gts lirgts m`h hilirgts. Ajr ixmlpki, toi mrculi`t tomt yju lust risgc` g yju iik oulgkgmtih mt toi jstfi.
j sullmrgzi, wjukh bi rgcotusi tj wjrhs smy tomtm`h mrculi`tmtgj` gs m virbmk ljst jai` g` sglpki km`cumci.gtXjuco pijpki si`ti`fis tj mrcui, stmti,mftgvgty, hi`y, m`h ixpkmg`, `j`-virbmk fjllu`gfmtgj` pkmys m` glpjrtm`t pmrt tjj. Gt gs mksj wjrtowogki tj rililbir tomt mrculi`tmtgj` mrculi`tmtgj` gs m` mftgvgty j rimsj` m`h gs ljstky m sjfgmk sjfgm k mftgvgty, mftgvgty, hgriftih mt jtoir pijpki. Gt gs mkwmys rikmtih tj m stm`hpjg`t. Liriky omvg`c m hgiri`fi j jpg`gj` gs `jt sustfgi`t jr
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
mrculi`tmtgj`. ^ijpki lust hgir j` m pmrtgfukmr stm`hpjg`t jr mrculi`tmtgj` tj omppi` bifmusi toi cjmk j mrculi`tmtgj` gs tj dustgy j`i‗s stm`hpjg`t jr tj riuti sjlij`i iksi‗s.
MHM^XGQI VXRYFXYRMXGJ@ VXRYFXYRMXGJ@ XOIJRW (MVX) Mhmptg Mhmptgvi vi strufturm strufturmtgj` tgj` toijry oms bii` mhmptih rjl? Gttoi strufturmtgj` toijryjmssjfgmtih wgto Cghhi`s‗s Cghhi`s‗ s g`stgtutgj`mk toijry j sjfgmk ivjkutgj`. ixpkmg`s toi mhjptgj` fjlputir fjlputir tifo`jkjcgis by jrcm`gzmtgj`s m`h toi risuktm`t sjfgmk glpmft j toisi strufturmk fom`cis. Xi strufturmtgj` toijry succists tomt toi mhjptgj` j `iw tifo`jkjcgis gs `jt mbsjkuti4 gt gs strj`cky g`flui`fih by toi usirs m`h toi fj`tixts g` wogfo usirs usi toisi tifo`jkjcgis. Xus crjup g`tirmftgj` strufturis, str ufturis, tifo`jkjcy, m`h toi jrcm`gzmtgj`mk i`vgrj`li`t mri g`tirkg`eih g` toi prjfiss j tifo`jkjcy mhmptmtgj mh mptmtgj`. `. Xisi mri mffjlpkgsoih torjuco mftgj`s tomt brg`c jrto toi g`ti`t j toi tifo`jkjcy g`gtgmtgvis, toi usiuk`iss j toisi g`gtgmtgvis, toigr g`struli`tmk usis, m`h ivi` usir mttgtuhis. Xi ljri toisi mftgj`s mri mkgc`ih wgto toi g`gtgmk g`ti`t j toi tifo`jkjcy, toi crimtir toi pjssgbgkgty tomt toi timl‗s hifgsgj`-lmeg`c prjfissis wjukh ygikh m suffissuk jutfjli. Mhmptmtgj` g`vjkvis ljhgyg`c ixgstg`c strufturis tj mfogivi mkgc`li`t. Xus MV ilpomsgzis `jt j`ky toi tifo`gfmk, but mksj toi sjfgmk mspift j tifo`jkjcy tifo`jkjcy.. Xi lmg` prg`fgpkis j MV mri4 ❔
MV himks wgto toi ivjkutgj` j crjups m`h strufturis g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s. MV vgiws crjups ms hy`mlgf systils tomt fj`stm`tky g`tirmft wgtog` toilsikvis m`h frimti m sjrt j strufturi.
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Xi strufturis m`h toi systils mri g` m stmti j flux5 toiy ivjkvi jvir m pirgjh j tgli m`h hivikjp `jrls m`h rukis j biomvgjur (togs ivjkutgj` i vjkutgj` gs mksj e`jw` ms toi strufturmtgj` prjfiss).
FKMVVGFMK ROIXJRGF Fkmssgfmk roitjrgf fjlbg`is roitjrgf fjlbg`is toi toijrgis j mrculi`tmtgj` ms wikk ms pirsumsgj`. Xi wjres j torii m`fgi`t Criie pogkjsjpoirs, Mrgstjtki, Mrgstjtki, ^kmtj, m`h Vjfrmtis, fj`stgtuti toi ikili`ts j toi fkmssgfmk toijry. Xisi pogkjsjpoirs rifjc`gzih tomt km`cumci wms m` g`flui`tgmk tjjk m`h tomt toi prglmry pjkgtgfmk segkk j toi pijpki g` tojsi tglis kmy g` iiftgvi jrmtjry m`h pirsumsgj`. Xi fkmssgfmk roitjrgf toijry prjvghis m toijry j fjlpjsgtgj` m`h fjllu`gfmtgj` jr bjto jrmk m`h wrgtti` hgsfjursi ms wikk ms pirsumsgj`. Xi prg`fgpkis j roitjrgf g`fkuhi g`vi`tgj`, mrrm`cili`t, sykkjcgstgf kjcgf, m`h prjj torjuco itojs, kjcjs, m`h pmtojs. Xisi fj`fipts omvi bii` ri`ih ms wikk ms rihi`ih g` tu`i wgto fom`cg`c sjfgmk ms wikk ms busg`iss lgkgius. Itojs gs toi usi j m` mppimk tj frihgbgkgty by toi spimeir. Xi spimeir‗s frihgbgkgty gs Itojs rifliftih g` m `ulbir j wmys sufo ms mci, ixpirgi`fi, stmtus, pjsgtgj`, m`h riputmtgj`. Xi mffiptmbgkgty j toi spimeir‗s ghims m`h g`flui`fi gs pirfigvih tj bi ljri g toi muhgi`fi bikgivis tomt toi spimeir oms m ogco frihgbgkgty. M` iiftgvi wmy tj frimti itojs g` m sojrt pirgjh j tgli gs by bugkhg`c m rmppjrt m`h ogcokgcotg`c j`i‗s mfogivili`ts tj toi muhgi`fi. Fj`virsiky, m cjjh spimeir lmy kjsi itojs wgto toi muhgi`fi liriky by m hgspmrmti rilmre, fj`hisfi`sgj`, m`h g`suktg`c biomvgjur biomvgjur.. ^mtojs gs ^mtojs gs toi usi us i j iljtgj`mk mppimk tj g`flui`fi toi muhgi`fi. Iljtgj`s lmy rm`ci rjl imr tj kjvi. Vpimeirs usi sglgkis, litmpojrs, m`h mhdiftgvis tj stglukmti toi si`sis j toi muhgi`fi. Gt gs ci`irmkky pirfigvih tomt iljtgj`mk mppimks mift toi rgcot brmg` j toi muhgi`fi, woj kgeijtjkjcgfmk tmei m mppimk bmkm`fih tj hifgsgj`s. Kjcjs Kjcjs gswjukh toi usi g` mpprjmfo m` mrculi`t. Amfts, curis, crmpos, fomrts, ixmlpkis, gkkustrmtgj`s, ivghi`fi, m`h stmtgstgfs mri prisi`tih tj toi muhgi`fi tj g`flui`fi toigr kia brmg`. Iiftgvi usi j kjcjs oikps lmei m duhgfgjus hifgsgj`5 gt mksj pjsgtgviky mifts toi spimeir‗ss itojs. spimeir‗
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6? 6?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Fj`tmcgj` toijry pjstukmtis tomt pijpki mri g`akui`fih by crjup biomvgjur m`h ti`h tj mft m`h biomvi g` wmys sglgkmr tj toigr crjup lilbirs. Xoiy aiik m`h ixpriss iljtgj`s mkljst lgrrjrg`c tojsi ja toi crjup.
Xi bmsgf prg`fgpkis j roitjrgf mri tomt roitjrgf fj`sghirs bjto jrl ms wikk ms fj`ti`t ms glpjrtm`t fjlpj`i`ts fjlpj`i`ts j g`flui`fi, m`h toi iljtgj`mk glpmft gs ms glpjrtm`t ms toi fj`ti`t. Xi jrlir mhhrissis `jt j`ky toi ‛ojw“ ‛ ojw“ j fjllu`gfmtgj`, but mksj toi ‛womt.“ ‛womt.“
FJ@XMCGJ@ XOIJRW Hirgvih rjl iljtgj`mk i ljtgj`mk fj`tmcgj`, fj`tmcgj` toijry pjstukmtis pjstukmtis tomt pijpki mri g`flui`fih by crjup biomvgjur m`h ti`h tj mft m`h biomvi g` wmys sglgkmr tj tojsi j toigr crjup lilbirs. Xiy iik m`h ixpriss iljtgj`s mkljst lgrrjrg`c tojsi j toi crjup. Xus bjhy km`cumci fomrmftirgstgfs sufo ms mfgmk ixprissgj`s, pjsturi, m`h cisturis mri sy`forj`gzih tj lmtfo wgto crjup lilbirs. Fj`tmcgj` omppi`s g` sgtumtgj`s g`vjkvg`c frjwh imr, hgscust, `icjtgmtgj`, m`h pirsumsgj`. Xi toijry tous ixpkmg`s mttgtuhis m`h biomvgjurs j lilbirs g` `itwjres tj wogfo toiy mri kg`eih. Fj`tmcgj` toijry gs rikmtih tj m `ulbir j toijrgis tomt rikmti g` sjli wmy tj toi sjfgmk fj`struftgj` prjfiss, sufo ms strufturmtgj`mk toijry, sylbjkgf g`tirmftgj`, cmti eiipg`c, `itwjre toijry m`h m`mkysgs, m`h oypjhirlgf `iihki toijry. Amftjrs sufo ms riqui`fy j fj`tmft, luktgpkgfgty j fj`tmft sgtumtgj`s, stri`cto j toi rikmtgj`sogp, m`h msyllitry fm` sompi toi ixti`t tj wogfo jtoirs g`flui`fi g`hgvghumks g` toigr `itwjres. mri g`frimsg`c g` glpjrtm`fi m`h,toijrgis. toirijri, toi rikmtgj`sogps bitwii` birs@itwjres m`h `itwjres fm` bi ixpkmg`ih by toisi Mppkgfmtgj`s mri viry brjmh,lilsg`fi jrcm`gzmtgj`s, cjvir`li`ts, cjvir`li`ts, m`h firtmg` fir tmg` g`tirist crjups mkk hipi`h j` `itwjres. Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk ilpkjyiis bju`h by m fjllj` `itwjre lmy, jr g`stm`fi, somri sglgkmr mttgtuhis tjwmrhs rifi`tky g`trjhufih fjlputirgzih mffiss systils sy stils jr mtti`hm`fi m`h sifurgty sifur gty..
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
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FJC@GXGQI HGVVJ@M@FI XOIJRW ypgfmkky g`hgvghumks siie fj`sgsti`fy g` toigr bikgis m`h jpg`gj`s (fjc`gtgj`). Soi` m` g`fj`sgsti`fy jffurs (hgssj`m`fi), gt lust bi rihufih, ikglg`mtih, jr lm`mcih. Hgssj`m`fi jffurs g` sgtumtgj`s woiri m` g`hgvghumk oms tj fojjsi bitwii` twj g`fjlpmtgbki bikgis jr mftgj`s. Oulm` big`cs mri si`sgtgvi tj g`fj`sgsti`fgis bitwii` womt toiy bikgivi jr vmkui m`h m`y mftgj` jr biomvgjur tj toi fj`trmry. Fj`siqui`tky, toiy dustgy toi hgssj`m`fi tj toilsikvis m`h tj jtoirs. Xi crimtir toi hgssj`m`fi, toi ljri toiy mri ljtgvmtih tj risjkvi gt mt toi imrkgist. Xi stri`cto j toi hgssj`m`fi hipi`hs j` twj mspifts4 toi typi j hgssj`m`fi m`h toi glpjrtm`fi tomt gs mttmfoih tj toi bikgi g` quistgj`. Vjlitglis, woi` toiri gs m hgssj`m`fi bitwii` mttgtuhi m`h biomvgjur, toi mttgtuhi fom`cis tj mffjlljhmti toi biomvgjur. Hgssj`m`fi gs lm`mcih, rihufih, jr ikglg`mtih g` toi jkkjwg`c wmys4 ❔
Hgsfju`tg`c toi hgssj`m`t bikgi
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Mhhg`c ljri suppjrtg`c bikgis
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Fom`cg`c toi hgssj`m`t bikgi tj brg`c mbjut fj`sgsti`fy
Ixogbgt 2.6 ixpkmg`s toi prjfiss j hgssj`m`fi fkimrky. Gt sojws ojw m spifgf lm``ir j hgssj`m`fi omppi`s woi` m` g`hgvghumk buys m` ixpi`sgvi cmhcit j`ky tj hgsfjvir tomt gt‗s `jt Sg-Ag-fjlpmtgbki.
IKMBJRMXGJ@ KGEIKGOJJH LJHIK Xi ikmbjrmtgj` kgeikgojjh ljhik (IKL) gs m toijry j pirsumsgj` tomt wms mhvjfmtih by R.I. ^itty m`h D.. Fmfgjppj7 g` toi imrky =7?>s. Gt pjstukmtis tomt muhgi`fis omvi m hgiri`t kivik j g`vjkvili`t woi` fjllu`gfmtg`c, wogfo gs woy toiy rifigvi lissmcis g` hgiri`t wmys. ^ijpki g` toi muhgi`fi woj mri imcir mbjut toi lissmci wgkk bi pirsumhih by toi
Ixogbgt 2.6 Hgssj`m`fi bitwii` toi Mftgj`4 ^urfomsi ja m kmtist cgzlj
Qgjkmtgj`4 Ja toi bikgia tomt gt gs Sg-ag-i`mbkih
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ajkkjwg`c bikgias4 M ogco-i`h cgzlj oms bii` purfomsih M cgzlj sojukh bi Sg-ag-i`mbkih Sg-ag-i`mbkih
Lm`mcg`c hgssj`m`fi by m`y ja toi ajkkjwg`c wmys4 •
Fom`ci g` mttgtuhi jr fom`ci g` biomvgjur
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Fj`sjkg`c sika by rmtgj`mkgzg`c tomt Sg-ag fm` bi mffissih arjl iksiwoiri Ajfusg`c j` toi jtoir stri`ctos ja toi cmhcit
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Cittg`c m`jtoir rgh ja toi cgzlj m`h buyg`c
Xoi ^rjfiss ja Hgssj`m`fi‘M` Gkkustrmtgj`
8> 8>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
‛fi`trmk rjuti tj pirsumsgj`“, tomt gs, big`c pirsumhih by toi mftumk fj`ti`t j toi lissmci. Fj`virsiky, hukk, u`i`tousgmstgf, m`h u`g`tiristih muhgi`fis lmy bi pirsumhih by g`hgrift lim`s jr toi ‛pirgpoirmk rjuti tj pirsumsgj`“, `mliky, big`c pirsumhih by mftjrs `jt pirtmg`g`c tj toi mftumk m ftumk fj`ti`t j toi lissmci. Vivirmk mftjrs g`flui`fi toi tojucot prjfiss j toi rifgpgi`t4 ❔
G`vjkvili`t jat mffjrhg`cky. toi muhgi`fi4 fi`trmkky m`h mft mf mffjrhg`cky . M ogcoky g`vjkvih muhgi`fi wgkk prjfiss toi lissmci
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Mbgkgty ja toi muhgi`fi tj fjlprioi`h toi lissmci4 Sjrhs g`fjlprioi`sgbki tj toi muhgi`fi wgkk `jt i`mbki toil tj fi`trmkky prjfiss toi lissmci. ^irsumhirs wjukh toi` `iih tj mppky pirgpoirmk mppimks.
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Ljtgvmtgj` ja toi muhgi`fi4 M ogcoky ljtgvmtih muhgi`fi wgkk suppjrt toi lissmci/ lissi`cir lufo ljri tom` m kiss ljtgvmtih j`i.
Xi IKL toijry mssirts tomt toiri twj rjutis tj pirsumsgj`5 g` rimkgty, toisi mri hicriis j pirsumsgj`. Mt tglis toi fi`trmk fi `trmk rjuti j pirsumsgj` lmy `jt ygikh risukts‘toi pmrtgfgpm`t lmy bi g`hgiri`t, u`omppy, m`h hgssmtgsih. G` tomt fmsi, toi mktir`mti pirsumsgj` rjuti lmy omvi tj bi mhjptih. Gt g`fkuhis mspifts sufo ms mutojrgty, kgeg`c, rifgprjfgty rifgprjfgty,, m`h sj j`. Bjto toi rjutis riqugri sjli prjfissg`c j tojucots by toi g`ti`hih rifgpgi`t Xus kgsti`irs fm` i`cmci g` bjto fi`trmk prjfissg`c ms wikk ms pirgpoirmk pir gpoirmk prjfissg`c sgluktm`ijusky. sgluktm`ijusky.
I@MFXLI@X XOIJRW Jrcm`gzmtgj`s mri fjlpjsih j fjlpkix systils woiri g`hgvghumks g`tirmft g` lm`y wmys. Xisi g`tirmftgj`s mri jai` u`pkm``ih. Qmrgjus ivi`ts jffur mt hgiri`t kiviks g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`5 toisi fj`stgtuti i`mftli`ts mt toi lmfrj ms wikk ms lgfrj kivik, woiri ghims m`h tojucots g`tirsift, mssilbki, m`h g`flui`fi imfo i mfo jtoir tj i`mbki jrcm`gzmtgj`mk kimr`g`c, e`jwkihci-somrg`c, g``jvmtgj`, m`h fom`ci. Mffjrhg`c tj Emrk Sigfe, i`mftli`t oms risukts bifmusi pijpki mri fj`sfgjus mbjut g`gtgmtg`c, bugkhg`c, m`h lmg`tmg`g`c rikmtgj`sogps.=> I`mftli`t toijry prjvghis m rmtgj`mki jr hgiri`tgmtg`c bitwii` rjutg`i biomvgjur m`h sfrgptih biomvgjur. Ljli`t-tj-ljli`t Ljli`t-tj-ljli`t g`tirmftgj`s g`flui`fi imfo jtoir tj ci`irmti `jvik jutfjlis. Xijrgsts succist tomt toisi ixfom`cis by g`hgvghumks fm` bi fjhih g`tj hgsfriti g`jrlmtgj` pmfeits m`h tomt imfo j toisi hgsfriti g`jrlmtgj` sits omvi m bicg``g`c, lghhki, m`h i`h. Imfo pmfeit pm feit lmy omvi ikili`ts j bjto virbmk m`h `j`-virbmk fjllu`gfmtgj`, wgto sylbjks m`h miftgvi fj`ti`t. Ms g`hgvghumks g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s ljvi rjl sik-fi`tirih mftgvgty tj crjup-jfusih mftgvgtgis tj cmr`ir fjkkiftgvi g`tirist, toiy biomvi g` igtoir j toi jkkjwg`c wmys wgto rispift tj m` ispjusih fjursi f jursi j mftgj`4 g`gtgmtg`c, mffiptg`c, `icjtgmtg`c, quistgj`g`c/sy`toisgzg`c, ridiftg`c, glgtmtg`c, jr gc`jrg`c/hiiftg`c. ❔
g`vjkvi sglpki mfts j fjllu`gfmtgj` sufo ms somrg`c g`jrG`gtgmtg`c4 G`gtgmtg`c lgcot g`vjkvi lmtgj`, mhvjfmtg`c mftgj`, jr u`hirtmeg`c m hgsfussgj`.
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Mffiptg`c4 Mffiptg`c pmrtgfgpm`ts lmy mffipt toi i`mftli`t j m`jtoir by mcriig`c tj m` ghim jr firtmg` pjg`ts j hgsfussgj`. Gt glpkgis mfe`jwkihcli`t m`h vmkghmtgj`. Gt gs issi`tgmkky m pmssgvi mft, woiri toi pmrtgfgpm`t mffipts toi ghim m`h toiri gs tmfgt e`jwkihci-somrg`c.
❔
@icjtgmtg`c4 @icjtgmtg`c g`vjkvis pmrtgfgpm`ts rimfog`c m fjlprjlgsi woi` toiri gs m hgsmcriili`t. Xgs fjukh bi wgto rispift tj toi tirls m`h fj`hgtgj`s j wjre, timl pirjrlm`fi, m`h sj j`.
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]uistgj`g`c/Vy`toisgzg`c4 ^mrtgfgpm`ts lmy siie m`swirs tj quistgj`s tomt toiy put jrwmrh tj fkmrgy jtoir lgfrj-i`mftli`ts. Xiy lmy quistgj` mssulptgj`s, bikgis, ghims, m`h `jtgj`s. Xgs mpprjmfo gs meg` tj trm`sjrlmtgj`mk kimr`g`c.
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
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Ridiftg`c4 ^mrtgfgpm`ts lmy ridift lgfrj-i`mftli`ts. Xiy lmy riusi tj mcrii tj prjpjsmks m`h ghims, m`h lmy riuti firtmg` mftgj`s. Ivi` g j`i pmrtgfgpm`t g` m timl hgsmcriis j` sjli pjg`t, gt fm` kimh tj pjjr timl pirjrlm`fi m`h fj`flgft.
ARMLG@C Armlg`c lim`s lim`s ixirfgsg`c fj`trjk jvir fj`ti`t tomt oms tj bi fjllu`gfmtih. Mffjrhg`cky, fj`ti`t gs rmlih eiipg`c g` lg`h toi hisgrih g`tirpritmtgj`s. Gt gs meg` tj pmfemcg`c woirig` firtmg` mspifts j toi fj`ti`t mri hikgbirmtiky prjdiftih tj toi ixfkusgj` j jtoirs. Xi fj`fipt gs ci`irmkky mttrgbutih tj toi wjre j Irvg`c Cjlm`. == Armlg`c fj`sfgjusky siies tj hrmw toi mtti`tgj` j toi muhgi`fi tjwmrhs m pmrtgfukmr roitjrgf m`h gts lim`g`c ilbihhih g` m pmrtgfukmr pmrtgfu kmr sjfgjkjcgfmk, jrcm`gzmtgj`mk, jr ivi` pjkgtgfmk fj`tixt. Gt gs sglgkmr tj sittg`c s ittg`c m` mci`hm jr jtoirs tj cit g`spgrih m`h fj`struft lim`g`cs rjl. rjl. Armlg`c gs `jt m skjcm`, ms m skjcm` gs rmtoir pjpukgst m`h tilpjrmry g` `mturi. Armlg`c gs issi`tgmkky rikmtih rikmtih tj toi lihgm. Xi lihgm sikifts toi `iws tomt oms tj bi prjdiftih m`h rmlis gt mrju`h firtmg` fjri gssuis, m`h toi muhgi`fi toi` g`tirprits womt gs prjvghih. prjvghih. Xus toi lihgm pkmys toi rjki j m cmtieiipir j g`jrlmtgj` jr toi ci`irmk muhgi`fi. Xi muhgi`fi jrlukmtis toigr pirfiptgj`s mbjut toi ivi`t bmsih j` toi fuis prjvghih by toi lihgm. G` m` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fj`tixt, rmlg`c gs m segkk tomt kimhs toi muhgi`fi tj fj`sghir j`i lim`g`c jvir m`jtoir. Gt gs m vmkumbki kimhirsogp trmgt. Mffjrhg`c tj C.. Amgrourst m`h R. Vtmr, rmlg`c fj`sgsts j torii ikili`ts4 km`cumci, tojucot, m`h jritojucot. =2 Km`cumci gs toi lim`s j ixprissgj`. Gt gs usih tj brg`c mkgvi toi lissmci jr toi roitjrgf. Litmpojrs, m`mkjcgis, m`h sglgkis mri wmys g` wogfo m` ixprissgj` fm` bi lmhi liljrmbki. j j usi km`cumci, pijpki lust omvi tojucot. tojucot. Xjucot Xjucot ilircis rjl rifliftgj` m`h og`hsgcot. og`hsgcot. Kimhirs lust mksj kimr` tj rmli spj`tm`ijusky g` firtmg` fgrfulstm`fis. Xgs riqugris toi segkk j jrisgcot jr jritojucot. Xiy lust bi mbki tj vgsumkgzi rmlg`c jppjrtu`gtgis. Ajr ixmlpki, toi ‛Crii` Rivjkutgj`“ Rivjkutgj`“ wms m`ytog`c but m rivjkutgj`. Gt wms m sustmg`ih fmlpmgc` tj bjjst mcrgfukturi g` G`hgm. Xi tirl ‛Smr mcmg`st irrjr“ gs sglgkmr. Xisi pormsis ikgfgt wghiky somrih glmcis m`h lim`g`cs. Ixpirts succist toi jkkjwg`c wmys tj glprjvi glprjvi rmlg`c segkks4 ❔
Litmpojr4 M litmpojr cgvis m` ghim m `iw lim`g`c by fjlpmrg`c gt wgto sjlitog`c iksi.
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Vtjrgis (lytos m`h kici`hs)4 Lytos m`h kici`hs g`vjkvi rmlg`c m subdift by rifju`tg`c m` m`ifhjti g` m vgvgh m`h liljrmbki wmy. Ajr g`stm`fi, sjli lm`mcirs tikk m`h ritikk stjrgis j ojw timlwjre oikpih pukk toigr jrcm`gzmtgj` torjuco g` m tjuco tgli.
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rmhgtgj`s (rgtis, rgtumks, m`h firilj`gis)4 rmhgtg rmhgtgj`s rmhgtgj`s j`s mri usih tj hi`i m`h rig`jrfi jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fukturmk vmkuis. M` ixmlpki lmy bi firtmg` mftgvgtgis (sjli ouljurjus m`h sjli sirgjus) trmhgtgj`mkky hj`i hurg`c m``umk strmticgf pkm``g`c fj`iri`fis.
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Vkjcm`s, dmrcj`, m`h fmtfopormsis4 Vkjcm`s m`h fmtfopormsis mri usih tj rmli m sub dift g` m liljrmbki m`h mlgkgmr wmy wmy..
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Mrtgamfts4 Mrtgmfts gkkulg`mti fjrpjrmti vmkuis torjuco jbdifts tomt strgei m fojrh wgto ilpkjyiis. M` ixmlpki lmy bi m furri`t bist-sikkg`c prjhuft fjlpmrih wgto m` jutljhih prjhuft rjl m` imrkgir tgli.
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Fj`trmst4 Fj`trmst gs tj hisfrgbi m subdift g` tirls j womt gt gs `jt.
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Vpg`4 Vpg` g`vjkvis tmkeg`c mbjut m fj`fipt g` m wmy tomt cgvis gt m pjsgtgvi jr `icmtgvi fj``jtmtgj`.
CRJY^XOG@E Crjuptog`e gs hi`ih ms toi ti`hi`fy tj siie fj`si`sus wgtog` crjups sufo tomt toi pjssgbgkCrjuptog`e gs gty j hgssi`sgj` wgtog` toi crjup gs lg`glmk. Xi fj`fipt wms hivikjpih by Dm`gs Grvg`c g` =732. Gt glpkgis glpkgis tomt toi crjup fj`sghirs fjoisgvi`iss m`h sjkghmrgty ms ljri glpjrtm`t tom`
8=
82 82
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Crjuptog`e lgcot bi jvirfjli by toi ajkkjwg`c litojhs4
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 2.=
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^mrtgfgpm`ts ^mrtgfgp m`ts lust bi i`fjurmcih tj spime toigr lg`h g` m ajrul.
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Kimhirs lust `jt stmti m priairi`fi uparj`t. Xogs frimtis m` u`oimktoy bgms g` toi timl.
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Vub-crjups sojukh bi sit up tj ixmlg`i mkk gssuis. Ixpirt cughm`fi sojukh bi tmei`.
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Xoiri sojukh bi g`ticrmtgj` wgto jtoir au`ftgj`mk mrims.
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Ariso ghims sojukh bi i`fjurmcih.
toi hgsfussgj` j mfts rikivm`t tj toi sgtumtgj`. Mt tglis toi crjup kimhir lmeis ogs jr oir wgsois e`jw` tj timl lilbirs, woj tmei fmri `jt tj fj`trmhgft toi kimhir. Xi toijry mgls tj si`sgtgzi toi crjup tjwmrhs toi pirgks j crjuptog`e. Xi hgsmhvm`tmcis j crjuptog`e mri4 ❔
Gt kglgts hgsfussgj` tj sikiftih mktir`mtgvis.
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Gt mgks tj m`mkysi toi prjpjsih sjkutgj` g` m bmkm`fih bm km`fih wmy.
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Gt hjis `jt i`fjurmci toi jpg`gj`s j ixpirts jr ixpirgi`fih ixpir gi`fih prjissgj`mks.
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Gt usis g`jrlmtgj` sikiftgviky. sikiftgviky. Fj`tg`ci`fy pkm`s mri `jt jrlukmtih.
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Crjuptog`e gs glpjrtm`t hurg`c toi hifgsgj`-lmeg`c prjfiss. Ajr ixmlpki crjuptog`e fm` mppimr g` liitg`cs, fj`iri`fis, m`h ivi` cjvir`li`ts.
G@XIR^RIXMXGQI G@XIR^RIXM XGQI M@H G@XIRMFXGJ@ XOIJRGIV Xi g`tirpritmtgvi m`h g`tirmftgj` toijrgis i`fmpsukmti lm`y mpprjmfois tj fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Issi`tgmkky m sgtumtgj`mk-rispj`si mftgvgty, fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` gs vgiwih ms m s m prjfiss j ixfom`ci j g`jrlmtgj` (g`tirmftgj`), tojucots, m`h ghims torjuco sylbjks woiri toi prjfiss j g`tirpritg`c gs ilpomsgzih. Xgs gs rmlih wgto rispift tj toi fukturmk, sjfgmk, kg`cugstgf, sgtumtgj`mk, m`h jtoir fj`tixts.
KM@CYMCI I_^IFXM@FW XOIJRW Xi km`cumci ixpiftm`fy toijry ixmlg`is toi iifts j kg`cugstgf vmrgmtgj`s ms wikk ms km`cumci g`ti`sgty j` pirsumsgvi lissmcis. Xi toijry gs frihgtih tj L. Burcjj`, V. B. Dj`is, m`h H. Vtiwmrt, woj m`mkysih toi glpmft j kg`cugstgf strmticgis j` pirsumsgj`.=6 Xiy fkmglih tomt strmticgf kg`cugstgf fojgfis fm` bi sgc`gfm`t prihgftjrs j pirsumsgvi suffiss. G` =779, Burcjj` prjvghih m hitmgkih jrlukmtgj` j toi km`cumci ixpiftm`fy toijry. toi jry. Xi toijry prihgfts toi ixpiftmtgj`s tomt rifgpgi`ts omvi rjl toi roitjrgf j sjlij`i‗s pirsumsgvi lissmci. Xi toijry wms i`rgfoih by toi mhhgtgj` j toi glpmft kg`cugstgf strmticgis omh j` toi lissmci. Xijrgsts fkmglih tomt toi strmticgf kg`cugstgf fojgfis fo jgfis lmhi by sjlij`i fm` oikp prihgft toi suffiss j toi pirsumsgvi lissmci. ^ijpki jrl ghimkgstgf virsgj`s j womt fj`stgtutis fjlpiti`t fjllu`gfmtgj`. Bmsih j` togs, toiy hivikjp ixpiftmtgj`s rjl toi km`cumci usih by toi spimeir g` toi pirsumsgvi lissmci. Ixpiftmtgj`s hivikjpih by toi rifgpgi`t ms m risukt j toi mhrjgt usi j km`cumci mri m u`ftgj` j fukturi, sjfgmk `jrls, m`h priiri`fis. Xi km`cumci ixpiftm`fy toijry mssulis tomt fom`cis g` toi hgriftgj` hisgrih by m` mftjr (toi spimeir jr toi jrgcg`mtjr j toi lissmci) jffur woi` pjsgtgvi vgjkmtgj`s j ixpiftm`fgis jffur. ^jsgtgvi ^jsgtgvi vgjkmtgj`s jffur woi`4 ❔
Xi i`mftih biomvgjur gs bittir jr priirrih tj toi biomvgjur tomt wms ixpiftih g` toi sgtumtgj`. Fom`ci jffurs bifmusi i`mftih biomvgjur gs jutsghi toi bm`hwghto g` m pjsgtgvi hgriftgj`, m`h sufo biomvgjur prjlpts prjlpts mttgtuhi jr biomvgjurmk fom`ci.
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
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86
@icmtgviky ivmkumtih sjurfis fj`jrl ljri fkjsiky tom` ixpiftih tj fukturmk vmkuis jr sgtumtgj`mk `jrls. Xgs fm` risukt g` jvirky pjsgtgvi ivmkumtgj` j toi sjurfi m`h fom`ci prjljtih by toi mftjr.
@icmtgvi vgjkmtgj`s, risuktg`c rjl km`cumci fojgfis tomt kgi jutsghi sjfgmkky mffiptmbki biomvgjur g` m `icmtgvi hgriftgj`, prjhufi `j mttgtuhi jr biomvgjurmk fom`ci g` rifigvirs. Ajr toil g`stm`fi, mfih `m`fgmk frgsgs, oms gssuih m` mhvgsjry tj ilpkjyiis, urcg`c tj qugt j`wgto toigrmjw` (sii Ixogbgt Ixo gbgtrl 2.8)._WT Ojwivir Ojwivir, , `jt lm`y ilpkjyiis rispj`hih tj toi lissmci. Xi fjrpjrmti jstfi toi` usih kg`cugstgf strmticy tj g`flui`fi toi ilpkjyiis. Ilpkjyiis Ilpkjy iis rifigvih lissmcis (i-lmgk, `iwskittirs, kittirs, mfi-tj-mfi liitg`cs) tomt vmrgih vmr gih g` g`ti`sgty m`h styki. Ilpkjyiis rifigvg`c lissmcis wgto ogco-g`ti`sgty km`cumci ms jppjsih tj kjw-g`ti`sgty km`cumci fjlpkgih rikmtgviky imsgky wgto toi ilpkjyli`t mhvgfi. By fmriukky mhdustg`c toi lissmci m`h gts imturis, prjissgj`mks fm` jbtmg` urtoir fjlpkgm`fi biyj`h tomt prjhufih by ihufmtg`c pijpki m`h frimtg`c mvjurmbki mttgtuhis m`h sik-istfmfy ixpiftmtgj`s. Ogcoky g`ti`si km`cumci lmy bi m cjjh ci`irmk strmticy g` privi`tgj` lissmcis.
@IXSJRE XOIJRW M@H M@MKWVGV Xi stuhy j sjfgjcrmls, sjfgjlitry, m`h crjup `itwjres gs frihgtih tj Djo` Bmr`is. =8 Xi `itwjre toijry ixmlg`is ixmlg`is ojw rikmtgj`sogps g`flui`fi biomvgjur. Xi toijry g`vistgcmtis ojw toi sjfgmk strufturi str ufturi surrju`hg`c m pirsj`, crjup, jr jrcm`gzmtgj`s g`flui`fi bikgis, mttgtuhis, m`h biomvgjur. Gt mfe`jwkihcis tomt vmrgjus pusois m`h pukks fomrmftirgzi toi sjfgmk strufturi j m crjup m`h hitirlg`i gts mttgtuhis. @itwjre m`mkysgs gs mglih mt hitirlg`g`c toi glpmft j toisi prissuris. M fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre fj`sgsts j g`hgvghumks kg`eih by fjllu`gfmtgj` fljws. Xisi g`fkuhi g`jrlmtgj`-somrg`c fljws, hifgsgj`-lmeg`c fljws, rikmtgj`mk fljws, jr brmg`stjrlg`c mlj`c toi g`hgvghumks g` toi crjup. Fjllu`gfmtgj` `itwjre m`mkysgs stuhgis toi g`tirpirsj`mk `itwjre jr kg`emcis bitwii` crjups m`h g`hgvghumks wgtog` m spifgih fj`tixt. Xi jfus, tous, gs issi`tgmkky j` toi rikmtgj`sogps bitwii` pijpki rmtoir tom` toi fomrmftirgstgfs j pijpki jr crjups. M `itwjre m`mkysgs lmps toisi rikmtgj`sogps tj urtoir glprjvi g`jrlmtgj` somrg`c, hifgsgj`-lmeg`c, m`h jtoir fjllu`gfmtgj`-hipi`hi`t mftgvgtgis. Vtuhgis by Fmrjkg`i Omytojr`towmgti rivimkih toi glpjrtm`t rjki rikmtgj`mk tgis pkmyih g` tmse pirjrlm`fi.=9 Xi tifo`gqui j `itwjre m`mkysgs gs glpjrtm`t, glpjrtm`t, ms gt cjis biyj`h m liri strufturmk m`mkysgs. Rmtoir, gt u`fjvirs toi g`jrlmk rikmtgj`sogps tomt ilpkjyiis jpirmtg`c g` m `itwjre somri. M typgfmk `itwjre m`mkysgs rivimks toi stmrs, cmtieiipirs, m`h gsjkmtis g` m `itwjre. Gt mksj rivimks toi lihgm fjllj`ky usih by ilpkjyiis, toi fjllu`gfmtgj` stykis, g`jrlmtgj` kjmh, m`h toi pjssgbgkgtgis toirig` j bittir fjllu`gfmtgj` strmticgis.
Ixogbgt 2.8 @j`-fjlpkgm`fi wgto toi privi`tgvi mhvgfi
Ivi`t4 Ag`m`fgmk frgsgs
Ilpkjyiis mhvgsih tj mppky iksiwoiri
@j`-fjlpkgm`fi wgto toi mhvgfi
Kg`cugstgf Vtrmticgis Hipkjyih by m` Jrcm`gzmtgj` tj G`akui`fi Ilpkjyiis
Kg`cugstgf strmticy
88 88
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
LJHIK JA XI_X FJL^RIOI@VGJ@ Xi ljhik ja tixt fjlprioi`sgj` ixpkmg`s fjlprioi`sgj` ixpkmg`s toi prjfiss j u`hirstm`hg`c wrgtti` tixts. Gt himks wgto bjto toi bjttjl-up wjrh rifjc`gtgj` prjfissis m`h toi tjp-hjw` fjlprioi`sgj` prjfissis. Fjlprioi`sgj` fmkks jr m `ulbir j sjfgj-fjc`gtgvi prjfissis. Mffjrhg`c tj toi ljhik, toi rimhg`c j toi tixt stmrts wgto toi ghi`tgfmtgj` j hgiri`t wjrhs (toi prjfiss j g`ticrmtg`c toi kg`cugstgf g`jrlmtgj` tj crmpogfmk jr vgsumk riprisi`tmtgj`). Rimhg`c segkk oms tj bi suppjrtih by toi rimhir‗s e`jwkihci j wjrhs, m`h ogs jr oir riprisi`tmtgj` j jrtojcrmpoy, poj`jkjcy, ljrpojkjcy, m`h lim`g`c. Xi hifjhg`c prjfiss jffurs mkljst sgluktm`ijusky wgto toi mssglgkmtgj` m`h g`tirpritmtgj` prjfissis. Rimhirs fj`struft ljhiks ms toiy rimh toi tixt. Eg`tsfo m`h vm` Hgde mssuli tomt to mt rimhirs j m tixt bugkh hgiri`t li`tmk =1 riprisi`tmtgj`s j toi tixt. Xus, twj kiviks j riprisi`tmtgj`s mri g`vjkvih‘toi tixt ljhik m`h toi sgtumtgj` ljhik. Xi tixt ljhik gs m silm`tgf riprisi`tmtgj`. Ms toi tixt gs `jt ukky ixpkgfgt, lufo j gt gs ixtrmftih j` toi bmsgs j prgjr e`jwkihci. Xi sgtumtgj` ljhik oikps toi rimhir tj ghi`tgy toi prjbkil m`h toi u`hirkyg`c gssuis, ci`irmti pjssgbki p jssgbki sjkutgj`s, m`h rifjlli`h fjursis j mftgj`.
^RGLG@C ^rglg`c g` g` psyfojkjcy gs hisfrgbih ms m` g`frimsih si`sgtgvgty tj m pmrtgfukmr stglukus hui tj m prgjr ixpirgi`fi. Gt gs hgiri`t rjl liljry g` tomt liljry rikgis j` hgriftky ritrgivg`c g`jrlmtgj` stjrih g` toi brmg`, woirims prglg`c gs fj`fir`ih wgto ritrgivg`c g`jrlmtgj` jutsghi toi fj`sfgjus mwmri`iss. ^rglg`c rikgis j` glpkgfgt liljry. Risimrfo oms mksj sojw` tomt toi iifts j prglg`c fm` glpmft toi hifgsgj`-lmeg`c prjfiss.=3 ^rglg`c g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fj`tixt riirs tj prjvghg`c m rmliwjre tj toi muhgi`fi j` wogfo toiy wjukh bmsi toigr g`iri`fis. Gt gs, g` iift, m pmrt j mci`hm-sittg`c. mci`hm-s ittg`c. Xi muhgi`fi gs cgvi` m prgjr fj`tixt j` toi bmsgs j wogfo toiy toi y fm` lmei hifgsgj`s. Sogki toi mci`hm tikks us mbjut toi gssui(s) mt om`h, prglg`c ikmbjrmtis j` toi gssuis m`h tikks us woitoir toiy mri cjjh jr bmh.
LIHGM RGFO@IVV M@H LIHGM @MXYRMK@IVV XOIJRGIV Xi lihgm rgfo`iss toijry cughis cughis risimrfoirs tj jfus j` tmse iqugvjfmkgty m`h toi fmpmfgty j m lihgul tj fj`viy g`jrlmtgj`.=? Mffjrhg`c tj togs toijry, ixfom`ci iqumkgty glprjvis g lihgm fojgfi gs sicricmtih j` toi bmsgs j tmses tj bi pirjrlih. pi rjrlih. Mffjrhg`cky, Mffjrhg`cky, mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` oms bii` hiilih tj bi m rgfoir lihgul jr tmses g`vjkvg`c brmg`stjrlg`c, hifgsgj`-lmeg`c, m`h prjbkil sjkvg`c, wogki i-lmgk gs fj`sghirih m rgfo fjllu`gfmtgj` lihgul jr tmses tomt mri rjutg`i g` `mturi, sufo ms g`jrlmtgj` ixfom`ci. Hma m`h Ki`cik prisi`t m lihgm rgfo`iss ogirmrfoy ogir mrfoy,, mrrm`cih rjl ogco tj kjw hicriis j rgfo`iss, tj gkkustrmti toi fmpmfgty j lihgm typis tj prjfiss mlbgcujus fjllu`gfmtgj` g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s. Xi frgtirgm mri toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
Xi mvmgkmbgkgty j g`stm`t iihbmfe
❔
Xi fmpmfgty j toi lihgul tj trm`slgt luktgpki fuis sufo ms bjhy km`cumci, vjgfi tj`i, m`h g`fliftgj`
❔
Xi usi j `mturmk km`cumci
❔
Xi pirsj`mk jfus j toi lihgul
Amfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi rgfoist fjllu`gfmtgj` lihgul g` toi ogirmrfoy, jkkjwih by tikipoj`i, i-lmgk, kittirs, `jtis, liljs, spifgmk ripjrts, m`h, `mkky, flgirs m`h bukkitg`s. Arjl m strmticgf lm`mcili`t pirspiftgvi, toi lihgm rgfo`iss toijry succists tomt iiftgvi lm`mcirs sojukh lmei rmtgj`mk fojgfis lmtfog`c m pmrtgfukmr fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj` ` lihgul tj m spifgf tmse jr jbdiftgvi m`h tj toi hicrii j rgfo`iss riqugrih by tomt tmse. Risimrfoirs omvi quistgj`ih toi vmkghgty j toi lihgm rgfo`iss toijry. toijr y. Auke, Vfolgtz, m`h Vtig`ikh fj`sghir toi sikiftgj` j m lihgul tj bi g`flui`fih by sjfgmk `jrls rmtoir tom`
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
Mffjrhg`c tj toi lihgm rgfo`iss toijry, amfi-tj-amfi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs toi rgfoist lihgul ja fjllu`gfmtgj`.
m spifgf t bitwii` tmse m`h lihgul. =7 G` jtoir wjrhs, m lm`mcir‗s fojgfi j m pmrtgfukmr lihgm jr m firtmg` fir tmg` tmse gs cjvir`ih by jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fj`strmg`ts rmtoir tom` toi jptglmk t. G` fj`trmst, toi lihgm `mturmk`iss toijry (prjpmcmtih by Ejfe 2>) lirgts mtti`tgj` j` twj fju`ts. Agrst, gt prjpjsis tomt fjllu`gfmtgj` g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s fm` bi u`hirstjjh by u`hirstm`hg`c bgjkjcgfmk m`h by ivjkutgj`mry gt smys tomtms pijpki hj Xi lm`mci tj jvirfjli jbstmfkis prisi`tih lihgm tomtmftjrs. gs kjw j`Vifj`h, `mturmk`iss `mturmk`iss (sufo (sufo i-lmgk). toijry glpkgis tomt pijpki mftgviky siie tj glprjvi toi qumkgty j ixfom`ci. Ejfe oms fjlpmrih fjlputir-lihgmtih fjllu`gfmtgj` (FLF) m`h mfi-tj-mfi g`tirmftgj`s, m`h ju`h tomt pijpki hj mhmpt tj fjllu`gfmtg`c torjuco hgiri`t tifo`jkjcgis ms toiy bifjli mlgkgmr wgto toil. ^rivgjus risimrfo j` toi g`tirpirsj`mk iifts j FLF rivimks g`fj`sgsti`fgis. G` sjli fmsis FLF oms bii` ju`h tj bi glpirsj`mk, tmse-jrgi`tih, m`h ojstgki. Jtoir ripjrts sojw wmrl pirsj`mk rikmtgj`s, m`h stgkk jtoirs sojw crmhumk mhdustli`ts g` g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`s jvir tgli. ^mst risimrfo risukts mri mksj hgstfukt tj fjlpmri ms toigr risimrfo litojhs rivimk g`fj`sgsti`t mpprjmfois. Xisi g`fj`sgsti`fgis g`fkuhi toi trimtli`t j tgli kglgts j` crjup hivikjpli`t, toi gc`jrg`c j `j`-virbmk biomvgjur g` mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj`, fjlpmrgsj` crjups, m`h jtoir limsurili`t gssuis.
RIHYFIH VJFGMK FYIV M^^RJMFO Lmkfjkl ^mres m`h Fjry Akjyh2= usih toi tirl ‛rihufih-fuis pirspiftgvi“ tj riir tj toijrgis tomt striss toi rgfo`iss j mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgvi fuis m`h prisi`t mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj ` ms toi bmsgs jr g`vistgcmtg`c mkk jtoir fjllu`gfmtg f jllu`gfmtgvi vi ljhmkgtgis (i.c., Hma
89
m`h Ki`cik225 Egiskir, Vgicmk, m`h LfCugri26). Mffjrhg`c tj toi rihufih fuis toijry, toi
81 81
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
si`sjr y stglukmtgj` j mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs glpjrtm`t jr m` jptglmk fjllu`gfmtgvi si`sjry ixpirgi`fi. Fjlputir-bmsih g`tirmftgj` wms fj`sghirih tj bi kjw j` fui trm`slgssgj`5 oi`fi, gt wms tojucot tj bi m` g`iiftgvi lihgul j fjllu`gfmtgj`. G` mft, ljst imrky risimrfo oikh m rmtoir pissglgstgf vgiw j j`kg`i fjllu`gfmtgj`. Rikmtgj`sogps jrlih j`kg`i wiri fj`sghirih tj bi somkkjw m`h glpirsj`mk hui tj toi rihufih fuis g` toisi lihgm. Hui tj toi mbsi`fi j fj`tixtumk, vgsumk, m`h murmk fuis, fjlputir-bmsih fjllu`gfmtgj` wms hiilih tj bi j pjjr qumkgty. Xi rihufih-fuis pirspiftgvi vgiwih FLF ms m` g`mpprjprgmti ljhmkgty jr ixprissg`c j`isik m`h rifigvg`c pirsj`mk iihbmfe.
VJFGMK ^RIVI@FI XOIJRW Xi sjfgmk prisi`fi toijry ms ms prisi`tih by Rgfi, Vojrt, Sgkkgmls, m`h Forgstgi28 mrcuih tomt g`hgvghumks‗ mwmri`iss j jtoirs gs glpjrtm`t jr m` jptglmk fjllu`gfmtgvi ixpirgi`fi. Mffjrhg`cky,, m lihgul tomt mjrhs toi crimtist sjfgmk Mffjrhg`cky s jfgmk prisi`fi tj toi usirs fj`trgbutis ljri tj toi fjllu`gfmtgvi ixpirgi`fi. Vjfgmk prisi`fi glpkgis `jt j`ky toi poysgfmk prisi`fi j m pmrt`ir, but mksj toi fjllu`gfmt fjllu`gfmtjr‗ jr‗ss mwmri`iss j toi prisi`fi j m` g`tirmftgj` pmrt`ir. pmr t`ir. Ajr g`stm`fi, i-lmgk mjrhs m kjw si`si j sjfgmk sjfgm k prisi`fi g` fjlpmrgsj` wgto g`stm`t lissmcg`c. Mffjrhg`c tj Vojrt, g`frimsih prisi`fi kimhs tj m bittir pirfiptgj`.
VILGJXGFV Imrky wjre j` fjllu`gfmtgj` toijry wms rikmtih tj toi stuhy j km`cumci m`h ojw gt ci`irmtis lim`g`c. Lim`g lim`g`c. Lim`g`c `c wms wms smgh tj bi ilbihhih g` toi wjrhs toilsikvis. Airhg`m`h hi Vmussuri, m Ari`fo kg`cugst wjreg`c g` toi imrky =7>>s, wms j`i j toi rst tj hivikjp m silgjtgf toijry. Sjreg`c g` toi smli hjlmg` m`h mt lufo toi smli tgli wms Fomrkis Vm`hirs ^igrfi, m` Mlirgfm` pogkjsjpoir m`h kjcgfgm`, woj hivikjpih ljhiks tomt wiri rikmtih tj, but sjliwomt hgiri`t rjl tojsi j Vmussuri. Vmussuri hivikjpih toi fj`fipt j km`cumci ms m systil j sgc`s woiri toi wjrhs wiri usih tj sgc`gy jbdifts. Gt wms torjuco toi sgc`s tomt km`cumci systils wiri suppjsih tj mppky tj rimk-kgi sgtumtgj`s.
VI@VI-LMEG@C Vi`si-lmeg`c gs issi`tgmkky m sjfgj-fjc`gtgvi mftgvgty tomt g`stgtutgj`mkgzis brmg`stjrlg`c mbjut m furri`t sgtumtgj` jr ivi`t. Xi ivi`t gs rifj`struftih by toi mftjrs jr toi pmrtgfgpm`ts pmr tgfgpm`ts g` m mgrky systilmtgf lm``ir. Xiy prisi`t tojucots j` toi jkkjwg`c pirspiftgvis4 ❔ Soy hgh toi ivi`t jffur: ❔
Sms gt om`hkih wikk:
❔
Fjukh gt bi om`hkih g` m bittir lm``ir:
❔
Somt torimts m`h jppjrtu`gtgis ixgst g` toi uturi g` togs fj`tixt: f j`tixt:
Vilgjtgfs gs gs toi toijry ja toi prjhuftgj` m`h g`tirpritmtgj` ja lim`g`c. Gts bmsgf prg`fgpki gs tomt lim`g`c gs
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 2.=
frimtih by toi iaaiftgvi usi ja sgc`s m`h sylbjks g` rikmtgj` tj jtoir sgc`s. Xoisi mri hipkjyih g` spmfi m`h tgli tj prjhufi tixts jr sfrgpts, toi lim`g`c ja wogfo wms hirgvih torjuco ‛si`si-lmeg`c.“ Xoiri mri twj lmdjr trmhgtgj`s g` Iurjpim` silgjtgfs4 Vmussuri‗s silgjkjcy m`h ^igrfi‗s silgjtgfs. Vmussuri‗s mpprjmfo wms m ci`irmkgzmtgj` ja ajrlmk strufturmkgst kg`cugstgfs5 ^igrfi‗s wms m` ixti`sgj` ja rimsj`g`c m`h kjcgf g` toi `mturmk sfgi`fis. Vjfgmk silgjtgfs ixmlg`is silgjtgf prmftgfis spifgagf tj m fukturi m`h fjllu`gty ajr toi lmeg`c ja vmrgjus eg`hs ja tixts. Gt mksj kjjes ajr lim`g`cs g` vmrgjus spifgagf fukturmk m`h sgtumtgj`mk fj`tixts. Km`cumci, cisturis, m`h mftgj`s usi sgc`s tomt mri fj`struih g` rikmtgj` tj ljri tom` j`i systil ja sgc` rikmtgj`s. M` glmci gs g`tirpritih bjto vgsumkky m`h kg`cugstgfmkky. Xoiriajri, gt bifjlis glpjrtm`t tj stuhy ojw hgaairi`t sgc` systils mri poysgfmkky m`h silgjtgfmkky g`ticrmtih g` tixts m`h luktglihgm prjhuftgj`s ja vmrgjus eg`hs.
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
❔
Somt hjis gt pjrti`h jr toi uturi:
❔
Somt mri toi prjdiftih jutfjlis jr toi uturi:
G`hgvghumks m`h crjups try tj lmei si`si jut j m` ixgstg`c (mlbgcujus) ivi`t jr sgtumtgj` sufo tomt gt ygikhs crimtir pjsgtgvi vmkui g` toi uturi. Xiy hj sj bifmusi toiy lgcot bi hgssmtgsih wgto toi furri`t sfi`mrgj jr wm`t tj glprjvi glprjvi toi systil. Vjli prg`fgpkis j jrcm`gzmtgj`mk si`si-lmeg`c mri4 ❔ Gt gs m fjkkmbjrmtgvi prjfiss. Xiri gs somrg`c j g`jrlmtgj` sj tomt m ‛somrih mwmri`iss“ gs frimtih mbjut m` ivi`t jr m sgtumtgj`. ❔
Xiri lust bi hgssmtgsmftgj` wgto toi stmtus quj tj g`gtgmti m si`si-lmeg`c ixirfgsi. G` jtoir wjrhs, gt gs ritrjspiftgvi g` `mturi.
❔
Xi crjup ljvis torjuco m` ‛mwmri`iss‖u`hirstm`hg`c‖hifgsgj`-lmeg`c“ prjfiss tj jrlukmti jbdiftgvis m`h oypjtoisis, ci`irmti mktir`mtgvis, hgsfuss imsgbgkgty, m`h pkm` mssissli`ts j toi hisgrih mftgj`.
❔
Ghi`tgty fj`struftgj` m`h glmci prjdiftgj`s mri fi`trmk tj si`si-lmeg`c jr rifliftgj`. ‛Soj mri wi:“, ‛Somt hj wi stm`h jr:“, m`h ‛Somt hj jtoirs tog`e mbjut us:“ mri sjli j toi glpjrtm`t fj`sghirmtgj`s jr rihrmag`c jrcm`gzmtgj`mk ghi`tgty. ghi`tgty.
❔
Gt gs m` j`cjg`c, fj`tg`ujus prjfiss. Gt `ivir stjps.
❔
Firtmg` fuis mri `jt vgsgbki jr mri `jt jbsirvih. Oi`fi, toisi fuis `iih tj bi ixtrmftih rjl toi ixpirgi`fis j crjups m`h g`hgvghumks. Iljtgj`s m`h pjwir pkmys mri glpjrtm`t fj`sghirmtgj`s g` m si`si-lmeg`c ixirfgsi.
VWLBJKGF G@XIRMFXGJ@GVL g`tirmftgj`gsl gs m sjfgjkjcgfmk Ajrlukmtih by Oirbirt Bkulir, sylbjkgf g`tirmftgj`gsl gs sj fgjkjcgfmk prjfiss tomt ilpomsgzis g`tirmftgj`.29 Gt gs bmsih j` toi prg`fgpki tomt pijpki mft j` tojsi bikgis, vmkuis, m`h lissmcis tj wogfo toiy fm` mttmfo sjli lim`g`c. Xi lim`g`c gs hirgvih rjl sjfgmk g`tirmftgj` m`h ljhgih torjuco g`tirpritmtgj`. Xi toijry mssirts tomt pijpki g`tirprit lissmcis m`h prjfiss lim`g`c g` toigr lg`hs bijri m rispj`si (sii Ixogbgt 2.9). Xus, toiri gs m stglukus g` toi jrl j m` g`tirpritmtgj` (‛Somt hjis toi sgtumtgj` lim`: Somt pmst ixpirgi`fis hj G omvi tomt fm` mstrl ly g`iri`fis:“). Xgs, g` tur`, gs jkkjwih by m rispj`si. Vylbjkgf g`tirmftgj`gsl gs usih tj mssiss g`tirmftgj` g` m pmrtgfukmr i`vgrj`li`t. Xi stuhy j toi fj`fipt j lim`g`c gs glpjrtm`t, ms gt ixpkmg`s lm`y bmrrgirs j mssulptgj`, priduhgfis m`h fukturi. Xi prg`fgpkis j togs toijry mri4 ❔
Oulm` big`cs mri prmclmtgf mftjrs woj mhdust toigr rimftgj`s tj toi biomvgjurs j jtoirs.
❔
Xgs prjfiss gs fj`tg`ujus. ^ijpki ^ijpki hj `jt mkwmys fj`jrl, but lmy rispj`h prjmftgviky tj toi wjrkh mrju`h toil.
❔
J`i sojukh jfus j` imsgky jbsirvmbki mfi-tj-mfi mfi- tj-mfi g`tirmftgj`s rmtoir tom` g`stgtutgj`mk g`stgtutgj`mk jr sjfgitmk strufturis.
❔
J`i sojukh bugkh `icjtgmtgj` segkks ms jppjsih tj sjfgmkgzmtgj` segkks. Xgs gs bifmusi rikmtgj`sogps mri fj`stm`tky fj`stm`tky ivjkvg`c m`h g` m stmti j flux.
❔
Oulm` sjfgmk biomvgjur gs sii` ms m sfrgptih rjki, m`h pijpki mri sii` ms m s mftjrs woj mri i`mftg`c m pmrt.
❔
^ijpki rimft tj jtoir pijpki m`h sgtumtgj`s bmsih j` womt lim`g`c toiy toi y mttmfo tj toil. Lim`g`c lm`gists g` toi jrl j sylbjks, sgc`s, m`h stjrgis.
Vjfgmk g`tirmftgj`
Lim`g`c
G`tirpritmtgj`
Ixogbgt 2.9 Ojw ^ijpki G`tirprit Lim`g`c m`h Rispj`h tj ^ijpki m`h Vgtumtgj`s
<
Rispj`si
83
8? 8?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
❔
By i`cmcg`c g` m li`tmk tojucot prjfiss, pijpki fj`struft m rimkgty usg`c toisi sylbjks. Xiy toi` glmcg`mtgviky rioimrsi toigr kg`is bijri ixprissg`c toil tj jtoirs.
❔
Xi lihgul j ixprissgj` gs km`cumci. ^ijpki i`cmci g` spiifo tj fkmrgy jr mft j` toi lim`g`c.
❔
^ijpki mrrgvi mt m sik-fj`fipt jr sik-glmci bmsih j` toigr pirfiptgj` j toi sgtumtgj`.
❔
Xiri gs toi gkkusgj` j m sjfgmk jrhir ivi` woi` pijpki hj `jt somri sglgkmr fj`fir`s.
Ajr g`stm`fi fj`sghir toi fmsi j Rjogt. Rjogt wms `iw mt wjre. Oi omh yit tj u`hirstm`h toi wmys j ogs supirvgsjr. J`i hmy oi rifigvih m` i-lmgk rjl ogs supirvgsjr mseg`c ogl tj pripmri toi lg`utis j toi privgjus liitg`c ‛MVM^.“ Rjogt tjje ‛MVM^“ mt mfi vmkui. Oi tojucot tomt gt lim`t ‛ms sjj` ms pjssgbki,“ m`h, mffjrhg`cky, kit toi hmy pmss. Ogs supirvgsupirv gsjr wms urgjus mt `jt cittg`c toi lg`utis by toi i`h j tomt hmy. Oi Oi omh g`ti`hih jr Rjogt tj si`h ogl toi riqugrih hmtm wgtog` m` ojur j rifigvg`c toi i-lmgk. Xi lgsfjllu`gfmtgj` risuktih rjl toi hgiri`t lim`g`cs Rjogt m`h ogs supirvgsjr mttmfoih tj ‛MVM^.“
V^IIFO MFX ^OI@JLI@M M spiifo mft gs gs toi vjfmk mftgj` j m spimeir woi` lmeg`c m` uttirm`fi. Mffjrhg`c tj Djo` Vimrki, tj u`hirstm`h km`cumci j`i lust u`hirstm`h toi spimeir‗s g`ti`tgj` m`h tomt km`cumci sojukh bi trimtih ms m jrl j mftgj`. 21 Vimrki riirs tj stmtili`ts ms spiifo mfts. Xi spiifo mft gs toi bmsgf u`gt j km`cumci usih tj ixpriss lim`g`c, m` uttirm`fi tomt ixprissis m` g`ti`tgj`. g`stm`fi j lmeg`c gs m` mft5bmsgf mseg`c sjlij`i tj lmeiixmlpkis tim gs m spiifo mft. Gt g`vjkvis Ajr toi uttirg`c wjrhs tim g` gts ljst jrl. Xi jkkjwg`c wgkk lmei togs fkimrir. ❔
‛Lmei tim jr li dust kgei yju lmhi gt kmst tgli. Gt wms qugti cjjh.“ cjjh.“ Xgs stmtili`t gs m prjpjsgtgj`mk prjpjsgtgj `mk mft lmeg`c riiri`fis.
❔
‛jhmy, yju lmei toi tim. Kit li sii g yju e`jw ojw tj lmei tim.“ Xgs stmtili`t oms m` gkkjfutgj`mry jrfi m`h gs smgh wgto m pmrtgfukmr g`ti`tgj`.
❔
‛Iviry yju`c kmhy lust e`jw toi bmsgf segkk j lmeg`c tim. Wju wgkk iik m si`si j mfogivili`t g yju fm` lmei m cjjh fup j tim.“ Xgs stmtili`t gs m pirkjfutgj`mry mft tomt oms m hi`gti glpmft j` toi lg`h j toi si`hir/rifigvir. si`hir/rifigvir.
Xi gkkjfutgj`mry ajrfi gs ajrfi gs fj`sghirih m trui spiifo mft m`h g`fkuhis g`jrlg`c, g`jrlg`c, hgriftg`c, m`h sj j`, wogki pirkjfut wogki pirkjfutgj`mry gj`mry mfts mfts mri tojsi spiifo mfts tomt glpmft toi iikg`cs jr mftgj`s j toi rifgpgi`t. Vimrki ghi`tgih vi gkkjfutgj`mry/pirkjfutgj`mry pjg`ts. Mffjrhg`cky, mkk oulm`s, 23
woi` toiy spime, hjspiifo sj by mssirtg`c, fjllgsirmtg`c, fjllgsirmtg`c, ixprissg` ixprissg`c, m`h hifkmrg`c. Y`hirstm`hg`c mfts oikpshgriftg`c, tj fjllu`gfmti iiftgviky wgtoc,jtoirs. Vilm`tgfs, crmllmr, kjcgf, fj`ti`t, fj`tixt, fukturi, m`h jrfi mri `ifissmry tj cgvi m spiifo mft sompi m`h lim`g`c. Xi ixmlpki cgvi` g` Ixogbgt 2.1 gs j m` uttirm`fi tomt gs jpi` tj lm`y g`tirpritmtgj`s. Xi ixmft lim`g`c j toi uttirm`fi fm` j`ky bi e`jw` by toi jrfi wgto
Ixogbgt 2.1
Vgtumtgj` =
Yttirm`fi m`h Xoigr Lm`y G`tirpritmtgj`s
Vgtumtgj` 2 G`tirpritmtgj` =4 Xorimt
Yttirm`fi4 Wju sojukh bi ljri fmriauk g` auturi
G`tirpritmtgj` 24 ^rihgftgj` G`tirpritmtgj` 64 Mhvgfi G`tirpritmtgj` 84 Fjllm`h
Yttirm`fi4 G mhvgsi yju tj bi ljri fmriauk g` toi auturi
G`tirpritmtgj`4 Mhvgfi
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
87
wogfo toi stmtili`t gs lmhi, ms m s wikk ms by muhgj-vgsumk fuis prjvghih by toi si`hir. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, spiifo mfts lust ilpomsgzi toi g`ti`t j toi mft ms m wojki. Sgtojut toi spimeir‗s g`ti`tgj`, g`ti`tgj`, gt gs `jt pjssgbki tj fkmssgy sjlitog`c ms m spiifo mft. G` Ixogbgt 2.1, toi spimeir smys, ‛Wju sojukh bi ljri fmriuk g` uturi.“ Xi uttirm`fi gs jfusih5 toi km`cumci gs g` toi mftgj` (G mhvgsi…)5 m`h toi g`ti`t gs fkimr. Xus toiri gs m hgiri`fi bitwii` spiifo mfts m`h mfts j spiifo.
Y@FIRXMG@XW Y@FIRX MG@XW RIHYFXGJ@ XOIJRW Xi u`firtmg`ty rihuftgj` toijry put jrwmrh by Fomrkis Bircir m`h Rgfomrh Fmkmbrisi2? mssirts tomt pijpki try tj rihufi toigr u`firtmg`ty mbjut jtoirs by cmg`g`c ljri g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toil. Xgs g`jrlmtgj` g`jrlmtgj` gs usih tj prihgft toi biomvgjur j toi jtoir pirsj`. ^ijpki try tj rihufi toigr u`firtmg`ty, ispifgmkky g` tojsi sgtumtgj`s woiri toiy ojpi tj bugkh m pjsgtgvi m`h kj`c-tirl rikmtgj`sogp. ^ijpki mhjpt toi jkkjwg`c hgiri`t wmys tj ixtrmft g`jrlmtgj` mbjut jtoirs4 ❔
Jbsirvg`c4 Jbsirvg`c gs tj stuhy g`hgvghumks g` `iutrmk jr `mturmk sittg`cs.
❔
G`qugrg`c4 G`qugrg`c gs tj mse mbjut toi pirsj` pirs j` rjl jtoirs.
❔
Mseg`c4 Mseg`c toi fj`fir`ih pirsj` hgriftky gs m`jtoir wmy j ixtrmftg`c g`jrlmtgj`.
Xi u`firtmg`ty rihuftgj` toijry rifjc`gzis tomt rihufg`c u`firtmg`ty gs toi bmsgf purpjsi j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Vivi` mxgjls fj`stgtuti toi issi`tgmk ti`its j u`firtmg`ty4 ❔
Ms virbmk fjllu`gfmtgj` g`frimsis, toi kivik j u`firtmg`ty hifrimsis.
❔
Ms `j`-virbmk ixprissgvi`iss g`frimsis, toi kivik j u`firtmg`ty hifrimsis.
❔
Xi crimtir toi u`firtmg`ty u`fir tmg`ty,, toi ljri toi g`jrlmtgj`-siieg`c u`hirtmei`.
❔
Ogco kiviks j u`firtmg`ty kimh tj kjw kiviks j sik-hgsfkjsuri.
❔
Y`firtmg`ty kimhs tj g`frimsih g`frimsi h kivik j rifgprjfgty rifgprjfgty..
❔
Vglgkmrgtgis hifrimsi u`firtmg`ty m`h vgfi virsm.
❔
M ogco kivik j u`firtmg`ty fmusis m hifrimsi g` kgeg`c5 m kjw kivik j u`firtmg`ty fmusis m` g`frimsi g` kgeg`c.
Xiri mri torii stmcis tj jbtmg`g`c g`jrlmtgj` g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toi jtoir pirsj`. pirs j`. Xisi mri4 ❔
I`try stmci4 Xi i`try stmci gs woi` g`jrlmtgj` mbjut hiljcrmpogf vmrgmbkis gs
jbtmg`ih. Xgs` g`jrlmtgj`-cmtoirg`c gs fomrmftirgzih byg`ogco mhoiri`fi tj fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj `jrls m`h fj`vi`tgj fj`vi`tgj`s. `s.stmci Gt gs jrlmk m`h ti`tmtgvi `mturi. ❔
^irsj`mk stmci4 Xi pirsj`mk stmci gs woi` toi mftjrs bicg` tj somri mttgtuhis, bikgis, m`h iikg`cs. Xiy ti`h tj fjllu`gfmti ljri riiky wgto imfo jtoir. Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs kiss ristrmg`ih m`h riir.
❔
Ixgt stmci4 Mt toi ixgt stmci, toi mftjrs hifghi j` uturi g`tirmftgj` pkm`s. Xiy lgcot fj`tg`ui toi rikmtgj`sogp jr fojjsi tj i`h gt.
VYLLMRW ❔
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs m` g`tirhgsfgpkg`mry ikh. Gt hrmws rjl hgvirsi hgsfgpkg`is sufo ms psyfojkjcy psyfojkjcy,, sjfgjkjcy, kg`cugstgfs, m`h jtoirs.
❔
Xiri gs m kmrci bjhy j kgtirmturi j` fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xgs fomptir hjis `jt prisi`t frgtgquis j toi toijrgis5 gt liriky ixpkmg`s toi toijrgis tj prisi`t m fj`tixtumk bmfecrju`h tj toi busg`iss rimhir.
❔
Xijrgis sufo ms toi sjfgmk prisi`fi toijry, rihufih fuis toijry, jr lihgm rgfo`iss toijry prisi`t vgiws rikmtih tj fjlputir-lihgmtih fjllu`gfmtgj`5 fj` virsiky,, toijrgis sufo ms toi ikmbjrmtgj` kgeikgojjh virsiky ljhik m`h pirsumsgj` toijry ixpkmg` toi rjki j g`flui`fi g` fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `.
9> 9>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
MVVIVV WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. ‛Vtrufturmk u`ftgj`mkgsl gs m brjmh pirspiftgvi g` sjfgjkjcy m`h m`torjpjkjcy tomt g`tirprits sjfgity ms m strufturi wgto g`tirrikmtih pmrts.“ pmrts.“ G`tirprit togs stmtili`t g` kgcot j frjss-fukturmk f rjss-fukturmk fjllu`gfmtgj`.
3. Somt mri toi frgtirgm usih tj mssiss lihgm rgfo`iss mffjrhg`c tj Hma m`h Ki`cik‗s toijry j lihgm rgfo`iss: Fjlpmri togs toijry tj toi rihufih fuis toijry.
2. Ixpkmg` toi hgiri`fi bitwii` spiifo mfts m`h mfts j spiifo. Cgvi ixmlpkis i xmlpkis tj prjvi yjur pjg`t.
?. Cgvi torii ixmlpkis j ricukmrgty-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj`, ruki-bmsih mrculi`tmtgj`, m`h prmclmtgf mrculi`tmtgj` g` prjissgj`mk sgtumtgj`s. sgtumtgj`s.
6. Hisfrgbi toi wmys pijpki ixtrmft g`jrlmtgj` mbjut jtoirs m`h woy.
7. Ojw hj G`hgm` fjlpm`gis usi sjfgmk silgjtgfs tj rimfo jut tj toi rurmk pjpukmtgj`: Ixpkmg` wgto ixmlpkis.
8. Somt gs toi vmkui j si`si-lmeg`c g` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`s:
=>. Somt gs toi hgiri`fi bitwii` sittg`c m` mci`hm m`h prglg`c:
9. Hgstg`cugso bitwii` gkkjfutgj`mry jrfi m`h pirkjfutgj`mry mfts g` tmse pirjrlm`fi.
==. Somt mri toi fomrmftirgstgfs j mrculi`tmtgj`: Ojw gs mrculi`tmtgj` hgiri`t rjl fj`rj`tmtgj fj`rj`tmtgj`: `:
1. ‛M lihgul tomt mjrhs toi crimtist sjfgmk prisi`fi tj toi usirs fj`trgbutis ljri tj toi fjllu`gfmtgvi ixpirgi`fi.““ Frgtgfmkky m`mkysi togs stmtili`t. ixpirgi`fi.
YVI WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. Ixpkmg` toi pirsumsgj` rjuti tmei` by toi mftjr g` imfo j toi jkkjwg`c sgtumtgj`s4 sgtumtgj`s4 ❔
❔
❔
j fj`vg`fi toi hjftjr mbjut toi istfmfy j toi `iwky kmu`foih hruc, lihgfmk riprisi`tmtgvi W ixpkmg`ih g` m prisi`tmtgj` toi imturis m`h bi`its j toi smli. j pirsumhi ogs bist lm`mcir tj stmy j` g` toi fjlpm`y, toi ricgj`mk lm`mcir prjlgsih ogl m prjljtgj` g` toi `ixt iw lj`tos. Lm`mcir _ mseih oir si`gjr, W, tj fju`sik T ms soi ikt tomt T kgeih W m`h wjukh kgsti` tj ogs mhvgfi.
❔
Lm`mcir T wmr`s mkk stm lilbirs tomt j`i hmy‗s smkmry wjukh bi hihuftih g toiy fj`tg`uih tj fljut mtti`hm`fi `jrls.
7 G tog`e tomt yju mri bgmsih mcmg`st oir dust bifmusi soi wms prjljtih bijri yju. B (mcmg` g`tirruptg`c omrsoky)4 Wju e`jw, yju mri frjssg`c toi kg`i. G omvi `ivir kit prjissgj`mk gssuis mift ly wjre itogf.
M4 G stgkk iik tomt yju mri u``ifissmrgky tryg`c tr yg`c tj smp toi iqugty j toi brm`h.
B4 Jo yju `ivir kgsti` tj li! (wmkes j ) ❔
Ixpkmg` togs typi j mrculi`t mffjrhg`c tj toi typis prisi`tih g` toi mrculi`tmtgj` toijry. toijry.
❔
Somt stmci j mrculi`tmtgvi hgmkjcui gs hipgftih g` toi ixmlpki:
6. G`tirprit toi jkkjwg`c uttirm`fis g` ms lm`y wmys ms pjssgbki usg`c toi spiifo mfts toijry.
2. Rimh toi jkkjwg`c ixtrmft j m busg`iss liitg`c m`h m`swir toi quistgj`s tomt jkkjw.
❔
Yttirm`fi =4 Hj gt bittir `ixt tgli.
❔
Yttirm`fi 24 Oir ripjrt gs bittir tom` yjurs.
M4 G rlky bikgivi tomt Cmrglm gs rgcot. Voi hjis omvi m pjg`t tomt wi sojukh `jt hgvirsgy toi brm`h g`tj somlpjjs.
❔
Yttirm`fi 64 Sgto li yju wjre mffjrhg`c tj toi mhmci, ‛bittir kmti tom` `ivir.“
B4 ikk li toi bmsgs j yjur kjcgf rst. Cmrglm gs ljri fj`sirvmtgvi woi` gt fjlis tj ixti`sgj`s g` m`y fmsi. Si `iih tj tmei rgses rgses.. G ojpi tomt yju hj u`hirstm`h tomt.
M4 Vtgkk, Cmrglm oms `ivir bii` wrj`c. Voi oms == yimrs j ixpirgi`fi…
B (g`tirruptg`c M)4 Wis yis, but g` om`hkg`c ikiftrj`gf brm`hs.
8. Xi pormsi ‛crmbbg`c iyibmkks“ oms bifjli qugti m buzzwjrh. Sgto riiri`fi tj toi toijry j rmlg`c, hgsfuss ojw oms togs pormsi bii` usih g` toi fjrpjrmti wjrkh. Ysi ixmlpkis rjl toi rimk wjrkh. 9. Fjlpmri twj mhvirtgsili`ts imfo j m`y twj fjlpitg`c brm`hs (Fjfm-fjkm m`h ^ipsg, jr ixmlpki). Somt pirsumsgvi mppimks fm` yju jbsirvi g` imfo j toisi mhvirtgsili`ts: Ojw fm` toi spiifo mft toijry bi mppkgih g` muhgj-vgsumk mhvirtgsili`ts:
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
9=
SIB-BMVIH I_IRFGVIV =. Riir tj tj ;ottp4//www.fw.utwi`ti.`k/toijrgii`jvirzgfot/oijry%2>fkustirs/Jr zgfot/oijry%2> fkustirs/Jrcm`gzmtgj cm`gzmtgj`mk%2>Fjl`mk%2>Fjllu`gfmtgj`/MVZtoijry.hjf/0 Ojw fm` toi mhmptgvi strufturmtgj` toijry oikp g` m`mkysg`c toi strufturis tomt mftumkky ilirci g` oulm` mftgj`s ms pijpki g`tirmft wgto `iw tifo`jkjcgis:
2. Riir tj ;ottp4//www ;ottp4//www.pgtt.ihu/~piritt .pgtt.ihu/~pirittg/^HA/G`trj g/^HA/G`trj.%2> .%2> Mhvm`fis%2>g`%2>tixt%2>fjlprioi`sgj`-%2>Qirojivi`.ph0Soy hjis toi mutojr fj`sghir kimr`g`c rjl m` ivi` ljri ixti`hih prjbkil:
AYRXOIR RIMHG@C ❔
❔
M. Cghhi`s, Xoi Fj`stgtutgj` ja Vjfgity4 Jutkg`i ja toi Xoijry ja Vtrufturmtgj` Vtrufturmtgj` (Bireikiy, FM4 Y`gvirsgty j Fmkgjr`gm ^riss, =7?8). B. Irgfesj`, ‛Xi Rikmtgj`mk Bmsgs j Mttgtuhis,“ g` Vtrufturis4 s4 V.H. Birejwgtz m`h B. Sikklm`, ihs., Vjfgmk Vtrufturi M @itwj @itwjre re Mpp Mpprjmf rjmfo o (Fmlbrghci4 Fmlbrghci Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =7??) 77‖=2=.
❔
B. Sig`ir, Mfo Mfogivil givili`t i`t Ljt Ljtgvmt gvmtgj` gj` m`h Mtt Mttrgbut rgbutgj` gj` Xoijry (Ljrrgstjw`, (Ljrrgstjw`, @D4 Ci`irmk Kimr`g`c ^riss, =738).
❔
B. Sig`ir, M` M` Mttrgb Mttrgbutgj`mk utgj`mk Xoijry ja Ljtg Ljtgvmtgj` vmtgj` m`h Iljtgj` (@iw Iljtgj` (@iw Wjre4 Vprg`cir-Qirkmc, =7?1).
❔
F. Omytojr`towmgti, ‛Vjfgmk @itwjre M`mkysgs4 M` Mpprjmfo m`h ifo`gqui jr toi Vtuhy j G`jrlmtgj` Ixfom`ci,“ Kgbrmry m`h G`ajrlmtgj` G`ajrlmtgj` Vfgi`fi Risimrfo (=771) =?4626‖682.
❔
F.R. Bircir Bi rcir m`h @. Eikkirlm`, ‛Mfqugrg`c ‛Mfqugrg`c Vjfgmk G`jrlmtgj`,“ g` Djo` Hmky m`h Djo` Sgilm``, Vtrmticgf G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` (Lmowmo, Fjllu`gfmtgj` (Lmowmo, @D4 Kmwri`fi Irkbmul Mssjfgmtis, =778) =‖6=.
❔
❔
F.R. Bircir m`h R.D. Fmkmbrisi, ‛Vjli Ixpkjrmtgj`s g` G`gtgmk G`tirmftgj` m`h Biyj`h4 jwmrh jwmrh m Hivikjpli`tmk Xijry j G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xoijry (=739) (=739) =477‖==2. H.B. Bukkir, L. Burcjj`, D.R. Omkk, @. Kivg`i, M.L. mykjr, B.O. Bimfo, F. Likfoir, L.E. Bukkir, V.K. Bjwi`, A.C. Ou`smeir, m`h M. Birci` , Ysg Ysg`c `c Km`cumci G`ti`sgty tj G`frimsi toi Vuffiss ja m Amlgky G`tirvi`tgj` tj ^rjtift Fogkhri` arjl Yktrmvgjkit Rmhgmtgj`,, m pr tgj` prjdi jdift ft au`h au`hih ih by toi @m @mtgj tgj`mk `mk Fm` Fm`fir fir G` G`st stgtu gtuti, ti, YVM. Mffissih YVM. Mffissih mt ottp4//www.sfgi`fihgrift.fjl/sfgi`fi/ mrtgfki/pgg/V>>7=3869777>1>>_#l8 mrtgfki/pgg/V>>7=3869 777>1>>_#l8.= .= j` Duky =6, 2>==.
❔
I.L. Rjcirs, Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xifo`jkjcy4 Xoi @iw Lihgm g` Vjfgity Vjfgity (@iw (@iw Wjre4 Arii ^riss, =7?1).
❔
Irvg`c Cjlm`, Xoi ^risi`tmtgj` ja Vika g` Iviryhmy Kgai (Ihg`burco4 Y`gvirsgty j Ihg`burco Vjfgmk Vfgi`fis Risimrfo Fi`tri, =79?).
❔
A. Oighir, Xoi ^syfojkjcy ja G`tirpirsj`mk Rikmtgj`s Rikmtgj`s (@iw Wjre4 Sgkiy, =79?).
❔
A.O. vm` Iiliri` m`h R. Crjjti`hjrst, Mrculi`tmtgj`, Fjllu`gfmtgj`, m`h Amkkmfgis4 M ^rmclmHgmkiftgfmk ^irspiftgvi (Ogkkshmki, ^irspiftgvi (Ogkkshmki, @D4 Kmwri`fi Irkbmul Mssjfgmtis, =772).
❔
A.O. vm` Iiliri`, R. Crjjti`hjrst, R.O. Djo`sj`, F. ^km`tg`, m`h F.M. Sgkkmrh, Sgkkmrh,Au`hmli`tmks Au`hmli`tmks ja Mrculi`tmtgj` Xoijry4 M Om`hbjje ja Ogstjrgfmk Bmfecrju`hs m`h Fj`tilpjrmry Hivikjpli`ts (Lmowmo, Hivikjpli`ts (Lmowmo, @D4 Kmwri`fi Irkbmul Mssjfgmtis, =771).
❔
C. Hism`ftgs m`h L.V. ^jjki, ‛Fmpturg`c toi Fjlpkixgty g` Mhvm`fih ifo`jkjcy Ysi4 Mhmptgvi Vtrufturmtgj` Jrcm`gzmtgj` ` Vfgi`fi Vfgi`fi (=778) Xijry,“ Jrcm`gzmtgj (=778) 94=2=‖=83.
❔
C. Cirb`ir, ‛Agikh Hi`gtgj`s4 Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xijry,“ g` =7?8‖=7?9 Y.V. Hgriftjry j Crmhumti ^rjcrmls mt ottp4//www.u`l.ihu/~wirhir/Hjfuli`ts/996rimhg`cs/ Rimhg`c=.ph. (=7?9).
❔
C.. Amgrourst m`h R. Vtmr, Xoi Mrt ja Armlg`c (Vm` Arm`fgsfj4 Djssiy-Bmss, =771).
❔
C.S. Liyir, ‛Vjfgmk G`jrlmtgj` ^rjfissg`c m`h Vjfgmk @itwjres4 M ist j Vjfgmk G`flui`fi Lifom`gsls,“ Oulm` Rikmtgj`s (=778) 834=>=6‖=>8?.
❔
Oirbirt Bkulir, Vylbjkgf G`tirmftgj`gsl4 ^irspiftgvi m`h Litojh (I`ckiwjjh (I`ckiwjjh Fkgs, @D4 ^ri`tgfi Omkk, =717).
❔
I. Crgst`, M Agrst Kjje mt Fjllu`g Fjllu`gfmtgj` fmtgj` Xoijry (Bjstj`, LM4 LfCrmw-O LfCrmw-Ogkk, gkk, =77=).
❔
D. Bmr`is, ‛Fkmss m`h Fjllgttiis g` m @jrwicgm` Gskm`h ^mrgso,“ Oulm` Rikmtgj`s (=798) Rikmtgj`s (=798) 3467‖9?.
❔
I.I. Dj`is, H.I. Em``jusi, O.O. Eikkiy, R.I. @gsbitt, V. Qmkg`s, m`h B. Sig`ir, ihs., Mttrgbu ihs., Mttrgbutgj`4 tgj`4 ^irfigvg`c ^irfigvg`c toi Fmusis ja Biomvgjr (Ljrrgstjw`, (Ljrrgstjw`, @D4 Ci`irmk Kimr`g`c
❔
D. Auke, D. Vfolgtz, m`h F.S. Vtig`ikh, ‛M Vjfgmk G`flui`fi Ljhik j ifo`jkjcy Ysi,“ g` D. Auke m`h F.S. Vtig`ikh, ihs., Jrcm`gzmtgj`s m`h Fjllu`gfm-
❔
^riss, =732). I.L. Rjcirs m`h H.K. Eg`fmgh, Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjres4 Xjwmrh m @iw ^mrmhgcl ajr Risimrfo Risimrfo (@iw Wjre4 Arii ^riss, =7?=).
tgj` Xifo`jkjcy (@iwbury (@iwbury ^mre, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, =77>) ==3‖=8>. ❔
D. Kj`ckiy m`h Him` C. ^rugtt, ‟‟Crjuptog`e4 ‟‟Crjuptog`e4 M Frgtgqui j Dm`gs‗s Xijry,“ g` Kmhh Soiikir, ih., Rivgiw ja
92 92
❔
❔
❔
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
^irsj`mkgty m`h Vjfgmk ^syfojkjcy, Qjk. = (Bivirky Ogkks, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, =7?>) 38‖76.
❔
D.M. Vojrt, ‛Iifts j Lihgul j Fjllu`gfmtgj` j` Ixpirgli`tmk @icjtgmtgj`,“ Oulm` Rikmtgj`s (=738) (=738) 23(6)4629‖668.
❔
L. m`gs, Fuis tj Ghi`tgty g` FLF4 Xoi Glpmft j` ^irsj` ^irfiptgj` m`h Vubsiqui`t G`tirmftgj` Jutfjlis. Jutfjlis. Xisgs. Y`gvirsgty j Mlstirhml (I`sfoihi4 ^rg`t ^mrt`irs Gpseml Gpsemlp). p).
❔
L.V. ^jjki m`h D. Rjto, ‛Hifgsgj` Hivikjpli`t g` Vlmkk Crjups Q4 ist j m Fj`tg`ci`fy Ljhik,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Risimrfo (=7?7) =94987‖9?7.
❔
L.V. ^jjki, H.R. Vigbjkh, m`h R.H. Lf^oii, ‛Crjup Hifgsgj`-Lmeg`c ms m Vtrufturmtgj`mk ^rjfiss,“ ]umrtirky Djur`mk ja Vpiifo (=7?9) Vpiifo (=7?9) 3=438‖=>2.
❔
@. Ejfe, ‛Xi ^syfojbgjkjcgfmk Ljhik4 jwmrhs m @iw Xijry j Fjlputir-lihgmtih Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bmsih j` Hmrwg`gm` Ivjkutgj`,“ Jrcm`gzmtgj` Vfgi`fi (2>>8) (2>>8) =94623‖68?.. =94623‖68?
❔
@.V. Fj`trmftjr m`h I.L. Igsi`birc, ‛Fjllu`gfmtgj` ‛Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjres m`h @iw Lihgm g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`s,“ g` D. Auke m`h F.S. Vtig`ikh, ihs., Jrcm`gzmtgj`s m`h
D.M. Vojrt, I. Sgkkgmls, m`h B. (@iw Forgstgi, XoiDjo` VjfgmkSgkiy ^syfojkjcy ja Xikifjllu`gfmtgj`s (@iw Xikifjllu`gfmtgj`s Wjre4 & Vj`s, =731). D.E. Burcjj` m`h L. Burcjj`, ‛Ixpiftm`fy Xijrgis,“ g` S.^. Rjbg`sj` m`h O. Cgkis, ihs, Xoi @iw Om`hbjje ja Km`cumci m`h Vjfgmk ^syfojkjcy, 2`h ih. (Vussix4 Sgkiy, 2>>=), 37‖=>2.
❔
D.^. Hgkkmrh m`h L. ^mu, Xoi ^irsumsgj` Om`hbjje4 Hivikjpli`ts Hivikjpli` ts g` Xoijry m`h ^rmftgfi (Xjusm`h ^rmftgfi (Xjusm`h Jmes, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, 2>>2).
❔
D.R. Vimrki, Vpiifo Mfts4 M` Issmy g` toi ^ogkjsjpoy ja Km`cumci (Fmlbrghci4 Fmlbrghci Y`gvirsgty ^riss, Km`cumci =717).
❔
❔
D.. Fmfgjppj m`h R.I. ^itty, ‛Iifts j Lissmci Ripitgtgj` m`h ^jsgtgj` j` Fjc`gtgvi Rispj`si, Rifmkk, m`h ^irsumsgj`,“ Djur`mk ^irsumsgj`,“ Djur`mk ja ^irsj`mkg ^irsj`mkgty ty m`h Vjfgmk ^syfoj ^syfojkkjcy (=737) (=737) 23473‖=>7. D.. Fmfgjppj, V.C. Omreg`c, m`h R.I. ^itty, ‛Xi @mturi j Mttgtuhis Mttgtuhis m`h Fjc`gtgvi F jc`gtgvi Rispj`sis m`h Xigr Rikmtgj`sogps tj Biomvgjr“ Biomvgjr“ g` g` R.I. ^itty, .L. Jstrjl, m`h .F. Brjfe, ihs., Fjc`gtgvi Rispj`sis g` ^irsumsgj` ^irsumsgj` (Ogkkshmki, @D4 Kmwri`fi Irkbmul Mssjfgmtis, =7?=).
L. ^mres m`h E. Akjyh, ‛Lmeg`c Argi`hs g` Fybirspmfi,“ Djur`mk ja Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj` (=771) (=771) 81(=)4?>‖73.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xifo`jkjcy (@iwbury ^mre, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, =77>) =86‖=32. ❔
^. Sj`-Sjj, ‟‟M Rivgiw j Risimrfo j` Crjuptog`e,“ Djur`mk ja Biom Djur`mk Biomvgjrmk vgjrmk Hifgsgj` Lme Lmeg`c g`c (=77>) (=77>) 64227‖ 289.
❔
R. Sgfekm`h m`h D. Briol, ^irspiftgvis j` Fjc`gtgvi Hgssj`m`fi (@iw Hgssj`m`fi (@iw Wjre4 Omkstih, =731).
❔
R.I. ^itty m`h D.. Fmfgjppj, Xoi Ikmbjrmtgj` Kgeikgojjh Ljhik ja ^irsumsgj` ^irsumsgj` (@iw (@iw Wjre4 Mfmhilgf ^riss, =7?1.
❔
R.I. Rgfi m`h F. Myhg`, ‛Mttgtuhis jwmrh @iw Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk ifo`jkjcy4 @itwjre ^rjxglgty ms m Lifom`gsl jr Vjfgmk G`jrlmtgj` ^rjfissg`c,“ Mhlg`gstrmtgvi Mhlg`gstrm tgvi Vfgi`fi ]umrtirky (=77=) 742=7‖288. R.I. Rgfi, ‛Lihgmtih Crjup Fjllu`gfmtgj`,“ g` R.I. Rgfi R gfi
❔
Dm`gs Grvg`c, Qgftgls ja Crjuptog`e Crjuptog`e (Bjstj`, LM4 Ojucotj` Lgg`, =732).
❔
E.I. Sigfe, Vi`silmeg`c g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`s Jrcm`gzmtgj`s (Xjusm`h Jmes, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`, =779).
❔
E.V. Vuo, ‛Glpmft j Fjllu`gfmtgj` Lihgul j` mse ^irjrlm`fi m`h Vmtgsmftgj`4 M` Ixmlg`mtgj` j Lihgm-Rgfo`iss Xijry,“ G`ajrlmtgj` & Lm`mcili`t (=777)694279‖6=2.
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❔
K. Aistg`cir, M Aistg`cir, M Xoijry Xoijry ja ja Fjc`gtgv Fjc`gtgvii Hgssj`m`fi Hgssj`m`fi (Vtm`jrh, (Vtm`jrh, FM4 Vtm`jrh Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =793).
❔
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K. Vprjukk m`h V. Egiskir, Fj``iftgj`s4 @iw Smys ja Sjreg`c g` toi @itwjreih Jrcm`gzmtgj` (Fmlbrghci, LM4 Xi LG ^riss, =77=).
R.K. Hma m`h R.O. Ki`cik, ‛G`jrlmtgj` Rgfo`iss4 M @iw Mpprjmfo tj Lm`mcirgmk Biomvgjr m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Hisgc`,“ g` K. K. Fullg`cs m`h B. L. Vtmw, ihs., Risimrfo g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Biomvgjr (Ojliwjjh, (Ojliwjjh, GK4 DMG ^riss, =7?8) =7?8) =7=‖266.
❔
K.A. Bgtzir, ‛Xi Roitjrgfmk Vgtumtgj`,“ g` Sgkkgml M. Fjvg`j, ih., Roitjrgf4 Fj`fipts, Hi`gtgj`s, Bju`hmrgis (Bjstj`, rgis (Bjstj`, LM4 Mkky` m`h Bmfj`, B mfj`, =779).
❔
R.K. Hma m`h R.O. Ki`cik, Ki `cik, ‛Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk ‛Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk G`jrlmtgj` Riqugrili`ts, Lihgm Rgfo`iss m`h Vtrufturmk Hisgc`, Hisgc`,““ Lm`mcili`t Lm`mcil i`t Vfgi`fi (=7?1) 62(9)4998‖93=.
❔
K.K. Dmfjby, ‛^irfiptumk ‛^irfiptumk I`om`fili`t4 ^irsgsti`t Iifts j m` Ixpirgi`fi,“ Djur`mk Ixpirgi`fi,“ Djur`mk ja Ixpirgli`tm I xpirgli`tmkk ^syfoj ^syfojkjcy4 kjcy4 Kimr`g`c, Liljry, m`h Fjc`gtgj` (=7?6) Fjc`gtgj` (=7?6) 7(=)42=‖6?.
❔
R.V. Burt, Vtrufturmk Ojkis4 Xoi Vjfgmk Vtrufturi ja Fjlpitgtgj` (Fmlbrghci, LM4 Omrvmrh Y`gvirsgty Fjlpitgtgj` ^riss, =772).
❔
L. Huy. ‛Vi`silmeg`c g` fkmssrjjl fj`virsmtgj`s,“ g` G. Lmsj, ^.M. Mteg`sj`, V. Hikmlj`t, D.F. Qirojivi`, ihs., Jpi``iss g` Risimrfo4 Xoi Xi`sgj` Bitwii` Vika m`h Jtoir (Mssi`4 (Mssi`4 Qm` Cjrful, =779) ==7‖=62.
❔
R. Ogrjemwm, H. Cjurm`, m`h M. Lmrtz, ‟‟Y`hirstm`hg`c toi Vjurfis j Amukty Crjup Hifgsgj` Lmeg`c4 M Kissj` rjl toi Fomkki`cir Hgsmstir,“ Vlmkk Crjup Biomvgjr (=7??) (=7??) =748==‖866.
m`h Mssjfgmtis, ihs., Xoi (Bivirky @iw Lihgm4 Fjllu`gfmtgj`, Risimrfo, m`h Xifo`jkjcy (Bivirky Ogkks, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, =7?8) =27‖=91.
Xijrgis j G`tirpirsj`mk m`h Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj` F jllu`gfmtgj`
96
❔
V. Egiskir, ‛Xg`eg`c Moimh4 Xi Oghhi` Lissmcis g` Fjlputir @itwjres,“ Omrvmrh Busg`iss Rivgiw (=7?1)81‖97.. (=7?1)81‖97
❔
Vtipoi` S. Kgttkidjo`, Xoijrgis ja Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj`,, 3to ih. tgj` i h. (Biklj`t, Fmkgjr`gm4 Smhswjrto Smhswjrto ^ubkgsog`c, 2>>3).
❔
V. Egiskir, D. Vgicik, Vgicik, m`h m`h .S .S.. LfCugr LfCugri, i, ‛Vjfgmk ^syfojkjcgfmk Mspifts j Fjlputir-lihgmtih Fjllu`gfmtgj`,“ Mlirgfm` tgj`,“ Mlirgfm` ^syfojkjcgst (=7?8) 67(=>)4==26‖ 67(=>)4==26‖==68 ==68..
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V. juklg`, Xi juklg` ^rjdift Ojli ^mci, mt ottp4// www.u`k.ihu/spiifo/fjll=>7/juklg`/g`hix.otl (=79?)
.C. ^jkkjfe, R.F. Sogtbrih, m`h @. Fj`trmftjr, ‛Vjfgmk G`jrlmtgj` ^rjfissg`c m`h Djb Fomrmftirgstgfs4 Fomrmftir gstgfs4 M Vgluktm`ijus ist j wj Xijrgis wgto Glpkgfmtgj`s jr Djb Vmtgsmftgj`,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Risimrfo Risimrfo (2>>>) 214272‖66>.
❔
.O. Aiikiy m`h C.M. Bmr`itt, ‛^rihgftg`c Ilpkjyii ur`jvir rjl Fjllu`gfmtgj` @itwjres,“ @itwjres,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Risimrfo (=773) 26463>‖6?3.
❔
S. Eg`tsfo m`h .M. vm` Hgde, ‛jwmrh m Ljhik j ixt Fjlprioi`sgj` m`h ^rjhuftgj`,“ ^syfojkjcgfmk Rivgiw (=73?) ?9(9)4616‖678.
❔
S. Eg`tsfo, Fjlprioi`sgj`4 M ^mrmhgcl ajr Fjc`gtgj`. Fjc`gtgj`. (Fmlbrghci4 Fmlbrghci Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =77?).
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V. Smssirlm` m`h E. Amust, Vjfgmk @itwjre M`mkysgs M`mkysgs (Fmlbrghci4 Fmlbrghci Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =778).
❔
Vfoikki`s, ^.D. (=7?9). Rihikgdei mrculi`ti`. mrculi`ti`. Ii` j`hirzjie `mmr `jrli` vjjr ergtgsfoi kizirs. (Rimsj`mbki mrculi`ts. M stuhy g` frgtirgm jr frgtgfmk rimhg`c.) ^o.H. Hgssirtmtgj`. Rgdesu`gvirsgtigt Ytrifot. Hjrhrifot4 Ajrgs g` ottp4//www ottp4//www.utwi`ti.`k/fw/ .utwi`ti.`k/fw/toijrgii`jvirzgfot/ toijrgii`jvirzgfot/ Kiviks%2>j%2>toijrgis/lgfrj/M Kiviks%2>j%2 >toijrgis/lgfrj/Mrculi`tmtg rculi`tmtgj`%2> j`%2> Xijry.hjf/, mffissih j` Duky 2>==.
I@H@JXIV =. I. Crgst`, M Agrst Kjje mt Fjllu`g Fjllu`gfmtgj` fmtgj` Xoijry (Bjstj`, LM4 LfCrmw-O LfCrmw-Ogkk, gkk, =77=).
7. R.I. ^itty m`h D.. Fmfgjppj, Xoi Ikmbjrmtgj` Kgeikgojjh Ljhik ja ^irsumsgj` ^irsumsgj` (@iw (@iw Wjre4 Mfmhilgf ^riss, =7?1).
2. C. Cirb`ir, ‛Agikh Hi`gtgj`s4 Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xijry,“ g` =7?8‖=7?9 Y.V. Hgriftjry j Crmhumti ^rjcrmls mt ottp4//www.u`l.ihu/~wirhir/Hjfuli`ts/996rimhg`cs/ Rimhg`c=.ph. (=7?9). ^rjcrmls
=>. E.I. Sigfe, Vi`silmeg`c g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`s Jrcm`gzmtgj`s (Xjusm`h Jmes, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`, =779).
6. A. Oighir, Xoi ^syfojkjcy ja G`tirpirsj`mk Rikmtgj`s Rikmtgj`s (@iw Wjre4 Sgkiy, =79?).
==. I. Cjlm`, Armli M`mkysgs4 M` Issmy j` toi Jrcm`gzmtgj` ja Ixpirgi`fi, (Fmlbrghci, LM4 Omrvmrh Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =738). =2. C.. Amgrourst m`h R. Vtmr, Xoi Mrt ja Armlg`c . (Vm` Arm`fgsfj4 Djssiy-Bmss, =771).
8. I.I. Dj`is, H.I. Em``jusi, O.O. Eikkiy, R.I. @gsbitt, V. Qmkg`s, m`h B. Sig`ir, ihs., Mttrgbu ihs., Mttrgbutgj`4 tgj`4 ^irfigvg`c ^irfigvg`c toi Fmusis ja Biomvgjr (Ljrrgstjw`, (Ljrrgstjw`, @D4 Ci`irmk Kimr`g`c ^riss, =732).
=6. L. Burcjj`, V.B. Dj`is, m`h H. Vtiwmrt, ‛jwmrh m
9. A.O. vm` Iiliri`, R. Crjjti`hjrst, m`h A. V`jife Oi`eilm`s, Au`hmli`tmks ja Mrculi`tmtgj` Xoijry4 M Om`hbjje ja Ogstjrgfmk Bmfecrju`hs m`h Fj`tilpjrmry Hivikjpli`ts. Hivikjpli`ts. (Lmowmo, @D4 Kmwri`fi Irkbmul m`h Mssjfgmti, =771).
=8. D. Bmr`is, ‛Fkmss m`h Fjllgttiis g` m @jrwicgm` Gskm`h ^mrgso,“ Oulm` Rikmtgj`s (=798) 3467‖9?.
1. mei` rjl ottp4//www.u`k.ihu/spiifo/fjll=>7/ juklg`/g`hix.otl, mffissih j` Lmy 2=, 2>==. 3. ^.D. Vfoikki`s, Rihikgdei Mrculi`ti`. Ii` J`hirzjie `mmr @jrli` Qjjr Ergtgsfoi Kizirs (Rimsj`mbki Mrculi`ts. M Vtuhy g` Frgtirgm jr Frgtgfmk Rimhg`c), ^o.H. hgssirtmtgj`. Rgdesu`gvirsgtigt Ytrifot. Mffissih rjl ottp4//www.utwi`ti.`k/fw/toijrgii`jvirzgfot/ Kiviks%2>j%2>toijrgis/lgfrj/M Kiviks%2>j%2 >toijrgis/lgfrj/Mrculi`tmtg rculi`tmtgj`%2> j`%2> Xijry.hjf/ j` Duky ==, 2>==. ?. M. Cghhi`s, Xoi Fj`stgtutgj` ja Vjfgity4 Jutkg`i ja toi Xoijry ja Vtrufturmtgj`. Vtrufturmtgj`. (Bireikiy, FM4 Y`gvirsgty j
lissmci-fi`tirih toijry j pirsumsgj`4 Xrii ilpgrgfmk g`vistgcmtgj`s j km`cumci g`ti`sgty,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Risimrfo (=739) Risimrfo (=739) =428>‖291.
=9. F. Omytojr`towmgti, ‛Vjfgmk @itwjre M`mkysgs4 M` Mpprjmfo m`h ifo`gqui jr toi Vtuhy j G`jrlmtgj` Ixfom`ci,“ Kgbrmry m`h G`ajrlmtgj` G`ajrlmtgj` Vfgi`fi Risimrfo (=771) =?4626‖682. =1. S. Eg`tsfo m`h .M. vm` Hgde, ‛jwmrh m Ljhik j ixt Fjlprioi`sgj` m`h ^rjhuftgj`,“ ^syfojkjcgfmk Rivgiw (=73?) ?9(9)4616‖678. =3. K.K. Dmfjby, Dmfjby, ‛^irfiptumk I`om`fili`t4 ^irsgsti`t Iifts j m` Ixpirgi`fi,“ Djur`mk Ixpirgi`fi,“ Djur`mk ja Ixpirgli`tm I xpirgli`tmkk ^syfojkjcy4 Kimr`g`c, Liljry, m`h Fjc`gtgj` (=7?6) Fjc`gtgj` (=7?6) 7(=)42=‖6?. =?. R.K. Hma m`h R.O. Ki`cik, ‛G`jrlmtgj` Rgfo`iss4 M @iw Mpprjmfo tj Lm`mcirgmk Biomvgjr m`h
Fmkgjr`gm ^riss, =7?8).
Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Hisgc`,
g` K.K. Fullg`cs m`h
98 98
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
B.L. Vtmw, ihs., Risimrfo g` Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk Biomvgjr (Ojliwjjh, GK4 DMG ^riss, =7?8) =7?8) =7=‖266.
R.K. Hma m`h R.O. Ki`cik, Ki `cik, ‛Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk ‛Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk G`jrlmtgj` Riqugrili`ts, Lihgm Rgfo`iss m`h Vtrufturmk Hisgc`, Hisgc`,““ Lm`mcili`t Lm`mcil i`t Vfgi`fi (=7?1) 62(9)4998‖93=.
=7. D. =7. Auke, D.Ljhik Vfolgtz, m`h F.S. Vtig`ikh, G`flui`fi j ifo`jkjcy Ysi,“ g` D. ‛M AukeVjfgmk m`h F.S.. Vtig`ikh, ihs., F.S i hs., Jrcm`gzmtgj`s m`h Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xifo`jkjcy (@iwbury ^mre, FM4 Vmci ^ubkgfmtgj`s, =77>) ==3‖=8>. 2>. @. Ejfe, ‛Xi ^syfojbgjkjcgfmk Ljhik4 jwmrhs m @iw Xijry j Fjlputir-lihgmtih Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bmsih j` Hmrwg`gm` Ivjkutgj`,“ Jrcm`gzmtgj` Jrcm`gzmtgj` Vfgi`fi (2>>8) (2>>8) =94623‖68?.. =94623‖68? 2=. L. ^mres m`h E. Akjyh, ‛Lmeg`c Argi`hs g` Fybirspmfi,“ Djur`mk ja Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj` (=771) (=771) 81(=)4?>‖73. 22. Vii I`h`jti =2.
26. V. Egiskir, D. Vgicik, Vgicik, m`h m`h .S. LfCugri, LfCugri, ‛Vjfgmk ^syfojkjcgfmk Mspifts j Fjlputir-lihgmtih Fjllu`gfmtgj`,“ Mlirgfm` ^syfojkjcgst (=7?8) 67(=>)4 lu`gfmtgj`,“ ==26‖ ==26 ‖==68 ==68.. 28. D.M. Vojrt, I. Sgkkgmls, m`h B. Forgstgi, Xoi Vjfgmk ^syfojkjcy ja Xikifjllu`gfmtgj`s (@iw Xikifjllu`gfmtgj`s (@iw Wjre4 Djo` Sgkiy & Vj`s, =731). 29. Oirbirt Bkulir, Vylbjkgf G`tirmftgj`gsl4 ^irspiftgvi 29. m`h Litojh (I`ckiwjjh (I`ckiwjjh Fkgs, @D4 ^ri`tgf Omkk, =717). 21. D.R. Vimrki, Vpiifo Mfts4 M` Issmy g` toi ^ogkjsjpoy ja Km`cumci.. (Fmlbrghci4 Fmlbrghci Y`gvirsgty ^riss, =717). Km`cumci 23. mei` rjl ottp4//roitjrgfm.`it/spiifo.otl. Mffissih j` Duky =6, 2>==. 2?. F.R. Bircir m`h R.D. Fmkmbrisi, ‛Vjli Ixpkjrmtgj`s g` G`gtgmk G`tirmftgj` m`h Biyj`h4 jwmrh jwmrh m Hivikjpli`tmk Xijry j G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`,“ Oulm` Fjllu`gfmtgj` Xoijry (=739) (=739) =477‖==2.
Fomptir 6 | G@XIR^IRVJ@MK
FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Matir rimhg`c togs fomptir fomptir,, yju sojukh bi mbki tj4 ❔
❔
Y`hirstm`h toi fjlpkixgty j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj`. `. Y`hirstm`h eiy gssuis mbjut rikmtgj`sogps tomt g`flui`fi g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`.
❔
Ivmkumti yjur jw` m`h jtoir pijpkis‗ g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `.
❔
Mppky yjur e`jwkihci m`h u`hirstm`h-
g`tirmftgj`s g` jrhir tj oikp glprjvi toi iiftgvi`iss j fjllu`gfmtgj` mt wjre. ❔
Ghi`tgy gssuis tomt lmy fj`trgbuti tj hgstfukt i`fju`tirs i `fju`tirs mt wjre.
❔
Rispift toi to i jtoir pirsj`‗s pirsj`‗s g`hgvghumkgty g`hgvg humkgty hurg`c g`tirmftgj`s m`h fjllu`gfmtgj`.
g`c j fjllu`gfmtgj` tj iviryhmy wjre
G@XRJHYFXGJ@ G`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` g`vjkvis bugkhg`c m`h sustmg`g`c rikmtgj`sogps wgto si`gjrs, supirvgsjrs, piirs, subjrhg`mtis, wjreirs, wjreirs, fkgi`ts, m`h fustjlirs tj prjljti m oimktoy wjre i`vgrj`li`t. Gt i`fjlpmssis bjto prjissgj`mk ms wikk ms pirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt gs m twj-wmy prjfiss. Oimktoy g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps rikmtgj`sogps sirvi usiuk u`ftgj`s. Xisi mri4 ❔
^rjljtg`cc iiftgvi fjjrhg`mtgj` bitwii` twj jr ljri pijpki jr crjups ^rjljtg`
❔
Amfgkgtmtg`c timlwjre m`h fjkkmbjrmtgj`
❔
Ljtgvmtg`cc g`hgvghumks tj put g` ixtrm wjre Ljtgvmtg`
❔
Frimtg`c m suppjrtgvi wjreg`c fkglmti fomrmftirgzih by kjymkty m`h trust Y`oimktoy g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps mri fomrmftirgzih by fj`flgft, lm`gpukmtgj`, `icmtgvgty,, hgstrust, m`h hgsfjrh. Mffjrhg`c tj vmrgjus risimrfoirs, toi ripirfussgj`s j u`oimktoy tgvgty g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`s lmy g`fkuhi4 ❔
Kjw ljrmki m`h kmfe j ljtgvmtgj`
❔
Y`wgkkg`c`iss tj put g` ixtrm ijrt
❔
Hifrimsih kjymkty
❔
G`frimsih mbsi`tiigsl
❔
Ogco tur`jvir
❔
^jjr prjhuftgvgty
❔
Crjuptog`e
❔
Vgkj li`tmkgty
Sjrhs mri dust wjrhs, m`h wgtojut oimrt toiy omvi `j lim`g`c. Fog`isi prjvirb=
91 91
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
HIAG@G@C G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xi tirl ‛g`tirpirsj`mk“ fm` bi hi`ih ms ‛bitwii` pirsj`s“ jr ‛g`vjkvg`c pirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps.“ Xjuco g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` g`fkuhis jrmk, wrgtti`, m`h `j`-virbmk jrls j fjllu`gfmtgj`, toi tirl gs ci`irmkky mppkgih tj spjei` fjllu`gfmtgj` tomt jffurs bitwii` twj g`hgvghumks jr crjups mt m pirsj`mk kivik. Gt fm` bi g` m sy`forj`jus jrl (jr ixmlpki, mfi tj mfi) jr m` msy`forj`jus jrl (g`stm`t lissmcg`c, fomt, i-lmgk, m`h sj j`). Vtm liitg`cs, prjdift hgsfussgj`s, pirjrlm`fi rivgiw liitg`cs, fj`iri`fis, silg`mrs, smkis vgsgts, fkgi`t liitg`cs, m`h rifrugtli`t g`tirvgiws mri sjli j toi jruls woiri g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj` ` fm` jffur. j j u`hirstm`h toi g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss, gt gs glpjrtm`t tj rivgsgt riv gsgt toi twj-wmy prjfiss j fjllu`gfmtgj f jllu`gfmtgj` ` ixpkmg`ih g` Fomptir =. Ixogbgt 6.= ixpkmg`s togs `jtgj` urtoir. Xi fjllu`gfmtgj` prjfiss stmrts woi` toi si`hir oms m` ghim, m`h toi` trm`slgts toi ghim tj m rifigvir torjuco m fom``ik jr lihgm. Xi rifigvir g`tirprilts toi lissmci m`h si`hs iihbmfe tj toi si`hir g`hgfmtg`c tomt toi lissmci oms bii` rifigvih m`h mftgj` oms om s bii` tmei` j` gt.
M@ IQJKQG@C LJHIK AJR G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xi hgmcrml prjvghih g` Ixogbgt 6.= oms tj bi skgcotky ljhgih jr g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Ixogbgt 6.2 gkkustrmtis togs. Ixogbgt 6.= 6.= Xoi ^rjfiss ja Fjllu`gfmtgj` Lihgm
Jrcm`gzmtgj` • • • •
Lmreit/Muhgi`fi
Xikk Vikk Fj`sukt G`vjkvi
•
Lissmci
• • •
Aiihbmfe
Mft Buy Brmg`stjrl Hifghi
Aiihbmfe Limsurili`t
Ixogbgt 6.2 6.2 Xoi ^rjfiss ja G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Lihgm
Djo`
G`ajrlmtgj` ixfom`ci jr fomt
Aiihbmfe
Lj`m
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Soi` Djo` m`h Lj`m fomt jr i`cmci g` fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto imfo jtoir, toiy mri igtoir somrg`c m pirsj`mk fj`fir` jr m prjissgj`mk fj`fir`, cjssgpg`c, jr tryg`c tj bi rgi`hky wgto imfo jtoir. Y`jrtu`mtiky, fjllu`gfmtgj` gs `jt pirift m`h irrjrs (`jti toi hjttih kg`i g` Ixogbgt 6.2) friip g`tj toi prjfiss, ms hgsfussih g` Fomptir 2. Xgs fm` omppi` woi` j`i jr bjto pmrtgfgpm`ts omvi lmkgfgjus g`ti`t, mri `jt ixprissgvi i`juco, mri pjjr pj jr kgsti`irs, g`tirprit toi lissmci wrj`cky, jr mgk tj rimft ms g`ti`hih.
^RG@FG^KIV JA G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xi jkkjwg`c fomrmftirgstgfs mri mssjfgmtih mssj fgmtih wgto g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`4 ❔
Gt gs g`ivgtmbki. J`i fm``jt mvjgh fjllu`gfmtg`c. G `jt virbmkky, toi` `j`-virbmk sgc`mks fj`viy sgc`s m`h sylbjks tomt g`hgfmti j`i‗s pirsj`mkgty m`h tojucot prjfiss. IifIif tgvi fjllu`gfmtjrs u`hirstm`h tomt g` prjissgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`, gt gs usumkky `jt g`ti`t tomt gs mpprifgmtih (ms gt gs g`vgsgbki) but rmtoir toi biomvgjur tomt gs ixogbgtih by toi pirsj`.
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Gt gs grrivjfmbki. Sjrhs j`fi spjei` fm``jt bi tmei` bmfe. G` prjissgj`mk fjllu`gfmfjllu`gfmtgj`, togs fm` frimti m luktgpkg luktgpkgfgty fgty j prjbkils ms j`i j toi pmrtgis lmy ‛kime“ g`jrlmtgj` jr somrih fj`hi`fis tj jtoirs.
❔
Gt gs jpi` tj lgsg`tirpritmtgj`. Jwg`c tj toi fjlpkix `mturi j fjllu`gfmtgj` (luk-
tgpki fj`tixts, luktgpki fjllu`gfmtgj` stykis, luktgpki bmfecrju`hs), g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs jpi` tj lgsg`tirpritmtgj`. Oi`fi, fj`rlmtgj` m`h iihbmfe mri issi`tgmk. rust m`h rikgmbgkgty mri toi jtoir g`crihgi`ts j suffissuk g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt gs ogcoky fj`tixtumk. Fjllu`gfmtgj` hjis `jt tmei pkmfi g` gsjkmtgj`. Gt jpirmtis g` psyfojkjcgfmk cgfmk fj`tixt, woiri fj`tixt, woiri pmrtgfgpm`ts g` toi g`tirmftgj` brg`c toigr mttgtuhis, vmktoi psyfojkj toi uis, m`h bikgis g`tj toi trm`smftgj`5 toi rikmtgj`mk fj`tixt, woiri fj`tixt, woiri pmrtgfgpm`ts g`tirmft j` toi bmsgs j ojw wikk toiy e`jw m`h rikmti tj imfo jtoir5 toi sgtumtgj`mk fj`tixt, wogfo fj`tixt, wogfo hi`is toi psyfoj-sjfgmk ‛woiri“ jr toi bmfehrjp j toi fjllu`gfmtgj`5 toi i`vgrj`li`tmk fj`tixt, wogfo fj`tixt, wogfo himks wgto toi poysgfmk ‛woiri“ j toi fjllu`gfmtgj` (i.c., toi fkmssrjjl, toi fgty, toi simsj`)5 m`h toi fukturmk fj`tixt, fj`tixt, woiri toi pmrtgfgpm`ts lmy lgsfjllu`gfmti g toiy mgk tj jbsirvi imfo i mfo jtoir‗s jtoir‗s fukturmk `jrls.
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BMRRGIRV XJ G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Xiri mri firtmg` g`trg`sgf m`h ixtrg`sgf mftjrs tomt mft ms bmrrgirs tj suffissuk g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps. Xi g`trg`sgf amftjrs mri4 ❔
Icj4 Aiikg`cs j pirfigvih pi rfigvih supirgjrgty jvir jtoirs g`ogbgt cjjh rikmtgj`sogps. ^ijpki mri wmry j icjgstgf, mccrissgvi pirsj`mkgtgis. ^ijpki mri mksj wmry j pmssgvi m`h subhuih pirsj`mkgtgis.
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^irsj`mk mttgtuhi4 Vjli pijpki mri mvirsi tj bugkhg`c m`y jrl j rikmtgj`sogp jtoir tom` toi puriky prjissgj`mk. Xiy soy mwmy rjl liitg`c pijpki tj ‛f ‛fomt“ omt“ u``ifissmrgky. Xiy hj `jt g`vjkvi toilsikvis g` m`y sjfgmk g`tirmftgj`.
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Vtriss4 Soi` pijpki mri strissih, toiy fojjsi tj rilmg` mkjj m`h wgtohrmw`. Xgs risukts g` gsjkmtgj` m`h hifrimsih g`tirmftgj` wgto jtoirs.
Xi ixtrg`sgf amftjrs tomt amftjrs tomt lmy mft ms bmrrgirs bmr rgirs tj fjllu`gfmtgj` g`fkuhi4 ❔
^jsgtgj`4 Aiikg`cs j g`irgjrgty/supirgjrgty hui tj rm`e, pristgci, stmtus, m`h mutojrgty lmy omvi m` mhvirsi iift iif t j` g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps.
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Hgstm`fi4 ^ijpki sipmrmtih by cijcrmpogfmk m`h spmtgmk hgstm`fis mri u`mbki tj g`tirmft
93
wgto imfo jtoir. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, wgto toi mhvi`t j tifo`jkjcy tifo`jkjcy,, pijpki mri mksj bugkhg`c rikmtgj`sogps vgm i-lmgks m`h tikipoj`is.
9? 9?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Soi` pijpki mri strissih, toiy ti`h tj rilmg` mkjja m`h wgtohrmw`. Xogs risukts g` gsjkmtgj` m`h hifrimsih g`tirmftgj` wgto jtoirs.
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Fukturi4 ^ijpki rjl j`i fukturi lmy `jt kgei tj lgx g`jrlmkky wgto pijpki rjl m`jtoir fukturi. Xgs privi`ts hivikjpli`t j oimktoy g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps.
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ifo`jkjcy4 ifo`jkjcgfmk g`vi`tgj`s omvi kih tj ljri pijpki si`hg`c i-lmgks rmtoir tom` pirsj`mkky fjllu`gfmtg`c m lissmci. Xgs lmy g`ogbgt mfi-tj-mfi fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h toi hivikjpli`t j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`.
M psyfoj-sjfgmk m`mkysgs rivimks toi rjki j ‛pirfigvih hipi`hi`fi“ j` toi hivikjpli`t j g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps. Ajr g`stm`fi, fj`sghir Ixogbgt 6.6, wogfo sojws toi rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` ilpkjyiis m`h supirvgsjrs. Ms sojw` g` Ixogbgt 6.6, toi rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` Rmlm`, m` ilpkjyii, m`h ogs supirvgsjr fm` omvi m`y j`i j toi jkkjwg`c fomrmftirgstgfs4 ❔
Ixogbgt 6.6 6.6 G`tirpirsj`mk Rikmtgj`sogp Bitwii` Vupirvgsjr m`h Vubjrhg`mti
Rispift4 Rmlm` gs m cjjh jkkjwir. jkkjwir. Oi ci`ug`iky bikgivis tomt oi sojukh jrl m pirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp wgto toi supirvgsjr. Xgs gs rifgprjfmtih by toi supirvgsjr ms wikk.
Rmlm`
Vupirvgsjr
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
❔
Aimr4 Rmlm` imrs tomt g oi hjis `jt hj m firtmg` tmse, oi lgcot mfi ripirfussgj`s rjl ogs supirvgsjr g` toi uturi.
❔
Mlbgtgj`4 Rmlm` oms m firtmg` fmriir strmticy strmticgf g` lg`h. Oi ojpis tj bi g` ogs supirvgsjr‗ss cjjh bjjes. supirvgsjr‗
97
J` toi jtoir om`h, toi supirvgsjr supirv gsjr mksj strgvis tj lmg`tmg` m kivik j g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp wgto Rmlm`. Xgs fm` bi b i mttrgbutih tj4 ❔
Ljrmki4 Xi supirvgsjr lmy bikgivi tomt rifgprjfmtg`c sufo rikmtgj`sogps glprjvis toi ljrmki j ilpkjyiis m`h ljtgvmtis toil tj pirjrl g` m fj`ci`gmk i`vgrj`li`t.
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Crmpivg`i4 Xi supirvgsjr supirv gsjr i`fjurmcis toi g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp ms soi iiks tomt to mt gt wgkk oikp oir bifjli mlgkgmr wgto toi crmpivg`i g` toi jrcm`gzmtgj`.
❔
^irsj`mk mci`hm4 Xi supirvgsjr lmy mksj mgl tj utgkgzi toi sirvgfis j Rmlm` jr pirsj`mk wjre.
Ixogbgt 6.8, j` toi jtoir om`h, sojws m hgiri`t typi j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Oiri, Hibbgi m`h Vjlm mri piirs. Xiy wjre tjcitoir g` toi smli hipmrtli`t m`h bikgivi g` lmg`tmg`g`c m cjjh g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp wgto imfo jtoir. Xgs bikgi fm` bi mttrgbutih tj m`y jr mkk j toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
Rispift4 Xiy ci`ug`iky bikgivi tomt gt gs glpjrtm`t tj bi pkimsm`t. Xiy rispift imfo jtoir jr toigr fj`trgbutgj fj`trgbutgj`s `s m`h mfogivili`ts. mfogi vili`ts.
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Rifgprjfmk ixfom`ci4 Xiy omvi m spifgf strmticgf g`ti`t. Xiy mri pkimsm`t bifmusi gt sirvis toigr purpjsi tj bi sj. Xiy lmy ojpi jr rifgprjfmk biomvgjur g` toi uturi.
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Amfmhi4 Hibbgi m`h Vjlm ojpi tomt by big`c `gfi tj imfo im fo jtoir, m mfmhi j crjup fjoisgvi`iss gs lmg`tmg`ih tj toi ixtir`mk wjrkh.
Ixogbgt 6.9 sojws m` ixtir`mk rikmtgj`sogp bitwii` Djo` m`h m fkgi`t jr fustjlir fustjlir,, Omrry. Xiri gs m j`i-wmy mrrjw tjwmrhs Omrry, wogfo hi`jtis tomt Djo` gs hipi`hi`t j` Omrry rmtoir tom` vgfi virsm. Djo` gs m smkis prjissgj`mk m`h truky bikgivis tomt toi fustjlir gs eg`c. Oi kgeis tj eiip ogs fkgi`ts omppy. omppy. Xgs fm` bi mttrgbutih tj toi jkkjwg`c4 ❔
Qmkui4 Djo` vmkuis toi fkgi`t. Omrry oms bii` kjymk tj toi fjlpm`y. Djo` iiks tomt oi lust lmg`tmg` toi rikmtgj`sogp by riwmrhg`c toi fkgi`t rjl tgli tj tgli wgto `iw fjlpm`y sfoilis, spifgmk hgsfju`ts, jirs, riibgis, m`h sj j`.
❔
Cmg`4 Djo` ojpis tj mffrui uturi cmg` rjl toi fkgi`t by wmy j riirrmks, fj`tg`uih busg`iss, m`h cjjhwgkk. J` toi jtoir om`h, Omrry lmy kgei tj lmg`tmg` m pirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp wgto Djo` tj eiip mbrimst j tri`hs, `iw sfoilis, m`h toi kgei.
Hibbgi
Djo`
Vjlm
Omrry
Ixogbgt 6.8 6.8 G`tirpirsj`mk Rikmtgj`sogps Bitwii` ^iirs
Ixogbgt 6.9 6.9 G`tirpirsj`mk Rikmtgj`sogps Bitwii` Fkgi`ts m`h Ilpkjyiis
1> 1>
X @ G J ^
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs sglpki fjllj` si`si, ms ivirybjhy fjllu`gfmtis g` m sglgkmr lm``ir g` jrcm`gzmtgj`s.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs fjlpkix bifmusi ivirybjhy oms m hgaairi`t styki ja fjllu`gfmtgj`.
J`i sojukh fjllu`gfmti mffjrhg`c tj womt j`i aiiks gs mpprjprgmti.
J`i sojukh fjllu`gfmti mffjrhg`c tj womt toi muhgi`fi (kgsti`ir) ixpifts.
Hgpkjlmfy m`h tmft mri ajrls ja lm`gpukmtgj`.
Hgpkjlmfy m`h tmft mri `jt ajrls ja lm`gpukmtgj`5 toiy mri ajrls ja pirsumsgj` pirsumsgj` ga usih itogfmkky. itogfmkky.
^ijpki sojukh `jt fjllu`gfmti pjsgtgviky wgto tojsi toiy hgskgei.
Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs issi`tgmk, ivi` wgto pijpki j`i hjis `jt kgei but lust wjre wgto.
F J Y @ X I R ^ J G @ X
RIKMXGJ@MK HIQIKJ^LI@X4 HIQIKJ^LI@X4 XOI RJKI JA G@XIR^IRVJ@MK VILM@XGFV G`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs gs fj`fir`ih wgto ‛virbmk ixfom`cis“ bitwii` pijpki. G` fjllu`gfmtgj`, wi ixpkjri rikmtgj`mk hivikjpli`t torjuco toi prjfiss j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs tomt pijpki usi woi` toiy i`cmci wgto imfo jtoir. Fi`trmk tj toi fj`fipt j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs gs toi ‛Djomrg wg`hjw,“2 hivikjpih by Mlirgfm` psyfojkjcgsts Dji Kua m`h Omrry G`coml g` toi =79>s. Djomrg rg wg`hjw wg`hjw gs m sglpki m`h usiuk tjjk jr sik-mwmri`iss trmg`g`c, pirsj`mkgty Xi Djom hivikjpli`t, g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`, timl hivikjpli`t, crjup hy`mlgfs, m`h g`tircrjup rikmtgj`sogps. Gt gs mksj e`jw` ms toi hgsfkjsuri/iihbmfe ljhik j sik-mwmri`iss. Gt riprisi`ts m pirsj` pi rsj`‗‗s (jr timl‗s) timl‗s) mttgtuhis, bikgis, segkks, m`h ixpirgi`fis ixpirgi`fi s g` rikmtgj` tj jtoirs rjl issi`tgmkky jur pirspiftgvis fmkkih wg`hjws jr qumhrm`ts. Imfo j toisi qumhrm`ts riprisi`ts g`jrlmtgj` g` tirls j gt gs e`jw` jr u`e`jw` by toi g`hgvghumk jr timl g` quistgj` m`h woitoir gt gs e`jw` jr u`e`jw` by jtoirs. Xi rmtgj`mki biog`h toi Djomrg wg`hjw gs tomt pijpki pi jpki omvi toi g``mti mbgkgty tj mhjpt jur mpprjmfois tj g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps wgto rispift tj toilsikvis4 ❔
Mbgkgtyy tj hgsfkjsi m kjt j g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis Mbgkgt
❔
Mbgkgtyy tj `jt hgsfkjsi m`y g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis Mbgkgt
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Mbgkgtyy tj rifigvi iihbmfe g` m fj`struftgvi wmy Mbgkgt
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Mbgkgty tj risgst m`y iihbmfe mbjut toilsikvis Mbgkgty Xgs gs mkwmys g` rikmtgj` tj jtoirs (tomt gs, ojw jtoirs pirfigvi pi rfigvi toi g`hgvghumk g` quistgj`). Xi Djomrg wg`hjw mhhrissis toi jkkjwg`c quistgj`s4 ❔
Somt hj jtoirs e`jw mbjut tomt g`hgvghumk:
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Somt gs u`e`jw` by toil:
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Somt hj jtoirs `jt e`jw mbjut toi g`hgvghumk tomt toiy sojukh sojukh e`jw:
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Somt hj toiy e`jw mbjut toi g`hgvghumk tomt toi g`hgvghumk sojukh e`jw:
Ixogbgt 6.1 gkkustrmtis toi Djomrg wg`hjw urtoir. ur toir. Ixogbgt 6.1 6.1 Xoi Djomrg Sg`hjw Jpi` (E`jw` tj sika m`h e`jw` tj jtoirs)
Bkg`h (Y`e`jw` tj sika but e`jw` tj jtoirs)
Amfmhi (E`jw` tj sika but u`e`jw` tj jtoirs)
Y`e`jw` (Y`e`jw` tj sika m`h u`e`jw` tj jtoirs)
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Ms ivghi`t rjl Ixogbgt 6.1, toi Djomrg wg`hjw oms jur qumhrm`ts. Imfo j toisi gs hgsfussih g` togs siftgj`.
Xoi Jpi` Mrim jr toi Mri`m Xi jpi` mrim gs mrim gs womt gs e`jw` by toi pirsj` (ms wikk ms jtoirs) mbjut oglsik jr oirsik. Gt g`fkuhis poysgfmk, psyfojkjcgfmk, jr biomvgjurmk trmgts tomt iviryj`i ivir yj`i gs wikk mwmri j. Ysumkky togs jrl j g`jrlmtgj` gs e`jw` woi`4 ❔
Xi g`hgvghumk hgsfkjsis toisi mfts mbjut oglsik jr oirsik tj jtoirs, woj toi` lmy pmss j` toi g`jrlmtgj` tj jtoirs.
❔
Xi g`hgvghumk biomvis g` m pmrtgfukmr lm``ir tomt gs vgsgbki tj mkk.
G` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` m`h ivi` g` sjli pirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj`, lmturi g`hgvghumks mri fmriuk tj hgvukci j`ky ‛usiuk“ g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis, wogfo lmy oikp tj bugkh up m` glmci jr m pirfiptgj` g` toi lg`hs j toigr muhgi`fi. Xus toiy fojjsi tj fjllu`gfmti fjllu`gfmti g` m sikiftgvi sikif tgvi lm``ir tomt gs `jt hitrgli`tmk tj toigr sik-g`tirist. Bikgivg`c g` toi lmxgl tomt ‛pirfiptgj` gs rimkgty,“ toisi g`hgvghumks fmrvi m` glmci fj`jrlg`c jr `jt fj`jrlg`c tj jrcm`gzmtgj`mk hilm`hs. Ixmlpkis j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs g` togs fmsi mri4 ❔
‛G ml viry vir y mstghgjus mbjut ripjrt wrgtg`c.“ wrgtg`c.“ (tj m subjrhg`mti)
❔
‛G kjvi bu`cii dulpg`c.“ (tj piirs) ‛G omti fj`flgfts.“ (tj timl lilbirs)
❔
Xoi Bkg`h Mrim Xi bkg`h mrim fj`sghirs mrim fj`sghirs trmgts tomt mri u`e`jw` by toi pirsj` mbjut oglsik jr oirsik but mri e`jw` by jtoirs. Gt g`fkuhis poysgfmk, psyfojkjcgfmk, m`h biomvgjurmk ti`hi`fgis tomt toi g`hgvghumk gs u`mwmri j. Xgs jffurs woi`4 ❔
Xi g`hgvghumk gs `jt rifiptgvi tj iihbmfe, m`h jtoirs stmrt wgtohrmwg`c rjl ogl jr oir.
❔
Xi g`hgvghumk gc`jris fjlli`ts mbjut oglsik jr oirsik.
❔
Jtoirs hikgbirmtiky eiip toi g`hgvghumk g` toi hmre.
❔
Jtoirs imr toi g`hgvghumk m`h oisgtmti tj bi oj`ist mrju`h ogl jr oir.
Ixmlpkis mri4 ❔
M tog`es oglsik tj bi litgfukjus m`h systilmtgf, but toi jtoirs tog`e M gs u``ifissmrgky mstghgjus m`h skjw.
❔
B tog`es soi gs m` mbki kimhir, but jtoirs fj`sghir oir tj bi mutojrgtmrgm` m`h mrrjcm`t.
❔
F tog`es oi gs fmriuk wgto buhcitg`c, but jtoirs tog`e oi gs m lgsir j toi wjrst jrhir. jrhir.
Oiri mri sjli ixmlpkis j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs4 ❔
‛G hj `jt wm`t tj kgsti` tj u``ifissmry u``ifissmr y cjssgp. Hj G lmei lysik fkimr:“
❔
‛G ml toi timl kimh, m`h toi timl kimh gs toi ljst istfgi`t j mkk toi timl lilbirs. Hj`‗t Hj` ‗t yju e`jw toi bjss gs mkwmys rgcot:“
Xoi Amfmhi Xi mfmhi gs womt gs e`jw` tj toi pirsj` pirs j` mbjut oglsik jr oirsik but gs u`e`jw` tj jtoirs. Xi pirsj` eiips up m mfmhi mf mhi tj hikgbirmtiky lmse m` u`hisgrmbki trmgt jr m pmst mftgj`/ivi`t. Xgs omppi`s woi`4 ❔
Xi g`hgvghumk iiks tomt toi trmgt gs `jt glpjrtm`t jr jtoirs tj e`jw g` toi furri`t
1=
fj`tixt.
12 12
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
❔
Xi g`hgvghumk iiks tomt gt gs m pirsj`mk mgkg`c m`h tomt oi jr soi wjukh bi bittir j g jtoirs hgh `jt kimr` mbjut gt.
❔
Xi pirsj` oms m oghhi` mci`hm.
❔
Xi pirsj` oms om s lm`gpukmtgvi g`ti`t.
Vjli g`fghi`ts fm` bi fj`sghirih ms ixmlpkis j m mfmhi4 ❔
Viilm gs m timl kimhir, but soi oms m trili`hjus imr j pubkgf spimeg`c‘`j wj`hir soi mkwmys `jlg`mtis j`i j toi jtoir timl lilbirs tj prisi`t j` oir biomk g` toi cugsi j hivikjpg`c kimhirsogp segkks mlj`c ilpkjyiis. ilpkjyiis.
❔
Mdgt cjjih up j` m lmdjr prjdift g` ogs privgjus fjlpm`y. Ms risukt, oi wms mseih tj kimvi toi jrcm`gzmtgj`. @jw g`tj ogs sgxto yimr g` ogs furri`t djb, toi liljrgis j toi ivi`t stgkk rm`eki. Oi hgh `jt tikk m`ybjhy mbjut toi g`fghi`t5 gt wms ousoih up `gfiky. But Mdgt e`jws e`jws tomt ogs fj`hi`t hilim`jur gs m mfmhi tomt fm` skgp mt m`y ljli`t.
Ixmlpkis j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs mri4 ❔
‛Rmdmt, woy hj`‗t hj`‗t yju mtti`h toi liitg`c m`h cgvi toi prisi`tmtgj`: G pirsj`mkky iik tomt mkk j yju mri cittg`c cjjh kimhirsogp trmg`g`c rjl ly sghi.“
❔
‛Xgs prjdift gs m timl prjdift. Mkk j yju wgkk bi rispj`sgbki jr gts fjlpkitgj` m`h suffiss.“
Xoi Y`e`jw` Mrim Xi u`e`jw` mrim gs mrim gs womt gs u`e`jw` tj j`isik m`h tj jtoirs. Xisi fjukh g`fkuhi firtmg` oghhi` tmki`ts, ixilpkmry biomvgjur g` m frgsgs, ixtrmjrhg`mry segkks tomt omvi `jt bii` tistih, m`h ivi` m `icmtgvi ti`hi`fy. Xgs omppi`s woi`4 ❔
Xi pirsj` oms pjjr sik-mwmri`iss.
❔
Xi pirsj` oms kjw sik-istiil m`h m pmssgvi pirsj`m.
❔
Xi pirsj` gs `jt m rgse tmeir m`h toirijri mgks tj rifjc`gzi oghhi` qumkgtgis.
❔
Jtoirs hj `jt pmy lufo mtti`tgj` tj toi g`hgvghumk.
Xi jkkjwg`c g`fghi`ts fm` bi tmei` ms ixmlpkis4 ❔
_ wms m ritgfi`t lm`mcir woj rmriky spjei up mt liitg`cs, hgsfussgj`s, m`h silg`mrs. Fj`siqui`tky, oi wms m kj`i rm`cir u`tgk toi hmy oi omh tj cgvi m` glprjlptu prisi`tmtgj` tj m` g`tir`mtgj`mk fkgi`t woi` toi si`gjr lm`mcir ripjrtih sgfe. Iviryj`i wms mlmzih mt toi imsi wgto wogfo _ om`hkih toi quistgj`s ikhih by toi fkgi`t, woj wms m tjuco fustjlir. _ wms mrtgfukmti m`h jrfiuk, sjlitog`c tomt `j j`i m`tgfgpmtih rjl ogl. G`hiih, ivi` _ wms tmei` mbmfe mt ogs jw` segkk. G gt omh `jt bii` jr toi frgsgs, oi wjukh `ivir omvi spjei` up mt sufo m` glpjrtm`t fkgi`t prisi`tmtgj`. prisi`tmtgj`.
❔
Voigkm, m lm`mcili`t trmg`ii, mkwmys priirrih hise djbs ms soi ikt tomt ikh wjre wms `jt sugtih tj oir pirsj`mkgty pirsj`mkgty.. Liitg`c fkgi`ts, sjkgfgtg`c himks, him ks, m`h lmeg`c prisi`tmtgj`s lmhi oir `irvjus. `ir vjus. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, hurg`c toi g`huftgj` ljhuki, soi wms pjstih tj m ikh djb d jb jr twj lj`tos. Gt wms oiri tomt soi cjt m surprgsi4 fkgi`ts fj`sgsti`tky prmgsih oir jr oir oi r mssirtgvi`iss, pirsumsgj` segkks, m`h oir oi r ixfikki`t rikmtgj`sogp lm`mcili`t. lm`mcili`t.
LM@MCIRGMK GL^KGFMXGJ@V JA XOI DJOMRG SG@HJS Xi mgl j lm`mcili`t gs tj hivikjp toi ‛jpi` mrim“ j m` g`hgvghumk jr m timl bifmusi m` jpi`-lg`hih g`hgvghumk jr timl gs rifiptgvi rif iptgvi tj jtoirs‗ ghims. Vufo g`hgvghumks fm` mksj wjre wikk wgto jtoirs m`h mri rii rjl lgstrust, fj`usgj`, fj`flgft, m`h lgsu`hirstm`hg`c. Xigr rjki gs tj mfgkgtmti iihbmfe m`h hgsfkjsuri mlj`c timls m`h crjup lilbirs. Xiy mksj omvi
m rispj`sgbgkgty tj prjljti m fukturi j jpi``iss m`h trm`spmri`fy.
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Jpi` mrim
Jpi` mrim ja istmbkgsoih pirsj`
Ixogbgt 6.3 6.3 Jpi` Sg`hjw ja m @iw
Ixogbgt 6.? 6.? Jpi` Sg`hjw ja m` Istmbkgsoih Lm`mcir
Lm`mcir jr Ximl
jr Ximl
Ixogbgt 6.3 sojws toi jpi` wg`hjw j m `iw lm`mcir jr timl, wogki Ixogbgt 6.? gkkustrmtis toi jpi` wg`hjw j m` istmbkgsoih lm`mcir jr timl. Istmbkgsoih timls m`h g`hgvghumks omvi m kmrcir jpi` mrim tom` `iw timls jr lilbirs. Xgs gs bifmusi istmbkgsoih g`hgvghumks omvi ljri ixpirgi`fi m`h e`jwkihci fjlpmrih tj `iwfjlirs. Ljrijvir, m `iw lilbir g` m timl wgkk bi jbsirvg`c jtoir timl lilbirs. Xmt pirsj` gs `iw m`h, tous, ljri ristrmg`ih g` ogs jr oir fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Xi jpi` mrim fm` bi hivikjpih ojrgzj`tmkky by jirg`c iihbmfe tj toi `iw lilbir. Gt fm` mksj hivikjp virtgfmkky woi` `iw timls jr lilbirs somri g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis. Xgs prjfiss gs sojwfmsih g` Ixogbgt 6.7. j lmei `iw timls jr timl lilbirs ljri fjljrtmbki, jtoirs fm` mse `iw lilbirs tj hgsfkjsi ljri g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis. G` Vtmci 8, toi `iw lilbir oms ivjkvih fj`sghirmbky. Xi g`hgvghumk oms sustfgi`tky i`om`fih toi jpi` mrim by mhiqumti hgsfkjsuri m`h iihbmfe. Fj`siqui`tky, toiri oms bii` m hifrimsi g` toi sgzi j toi ‛bkg`h“ mrim ms wikk ms toi ‛u`e`jw` ‛u`e`jw`““ mrim j toi g`hgvghumk. Xi lilbir gs sik-mwmri, lmturi, m`h wgkkg`c tj ixpirgli`t tj ixpkjri toi oghhi` mspifts mspi fts j ogs jr oir pirsj`mkgty. By somrg`c g`jrlmtgj` mbjut toilsikvis, timl lilbirs frimti m fjllj`mkgty tomt i`om`fis timl prjhuftgvgty m`h iiftgvi`iss. Xi bkg`h spjt, ms sojw` g` Ixogbgt 6.=>, gs womt gs e`jw` mbjut m pirsj` by jtoirs g` m crjup but gs `jt e`jw` by toi pirsj` oglsik jr oirsik. Xi cjmk gs tj rihufi togs mrim by sjkgfgtg`c iihbmfe mbjut j`isik. Ms togs mrim hifrimsis, toi jpi` mrim mutjlmtgfmkky g`frimsis. Xi timl kimhir oms toi rispj`sgbgkgty j prjljtg`c m` i`vgrj`li`t j `j` duhcli`tmkk iihbm duhcli`tm iihbmfe. fe. G`hgvghu G`hgvghumks mks wgkk toi` iik smi tj hgsfkjs hgsfkjsii m`h i`fjur i`fjurmci mci si`sgt si`sgtgvi gvi iihbmfe. Xi mfmhi, wogfo oms bii` gkkustrmtih g` Ixogbgt 6.==, gs toi mrim woiri g`hgvghumks eiip firtmg` trmgts jr biomvgjurs tj toilsikvis m`h hj `jt hgsfkjsi toil tj jtoirs. Ci`irmkky, ixtrmftg`c togs g`jrlmtgj` gs `jt m` imsy prjfiss, ms toi ixti`t j hgsfkjsuri gs hipi`hi`t
Vtmci =
Vtmci 2
Vtmci 6
Jpi` mrim (@iw pirsj`)
Jpi` mrim (@iw)
Jpi` mrim (@iw)
Ixogbgt 6.7 6.7 Vtmcis =‖8 g` Jpi` Hgsfkjsuri Mbjut toi Vika
Bkg`h
Ixogbgt 6.=> 6.=> Vjkgfgtg`c Aiihbmfe tj Rihufi toi Bkg`h Mrim
Vtmci 8 Jpi`
Bkg`h
Amfmhi
Y`e`jw`
16
18 18
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Y`e`jw`
Amãmhi
Ixogbgt 6.== 6.== Hgsfkjsuri mbjut J`isika tj Rihufi Amfmhi g` toi Sjrepkmfi
Ixogbgt 6.=2 6.=2 Vjkgfgtg`c Aiihbmfe tj Rihufi toi Y`e`jw` Mrim
j` toi hgsfritgj` j toi g`hgvghumk. M` jpi` jrcm`gzmtgj`mk fkglmti prjljtih by toi kimhir jr lm`mcir oms m crimt glpmft j` hgsfkjsuris j sufo eg`h. M sik-mwmri g`hgvghumk wgto m lmturi lg`hsit gs kiss kgeiky tj ojkh bmfe jrcm`gzmtgj`-spifgf g`jrlmtgj` g` m` jpi` i`vgrj`li`t. Y, jr toi u`e`jw` mrim, g`hgfmtis iikg`cs, mptgtuhis, m`h kmti`t mbgkgtgis tomt mri u`e`jw` tj toi pirsj` ms wikk ms tj jtoirs g` toi crjup (Ixogbgt 6.=2). Xi kimhir jr lm`mcir fm` prjlpt toi pirsj` tj hgsfjvir toisi mbgkgtgis, jr wogfo m` mpprjprgmti m`h i`fjurmcg`c mtljspoiri mtljspoiri oms tj bi frimtih. Lm`mcirs fm` oikp ilpkjyiis himk wgto g`ogbgtgj`s m`h imrs.
DJOMRG SG@HJS, XYFELM@ LJHIK, M@H XIML HIQIKJ^LI@X ufelm`‗s ‛Ajrlg`c-Vtjrlg`c-@jrlg`c-^irjrlg`c Ljhik j iml Hivikjpli`t“ (=719)6 oms bii` usih tj kg`e crjup hy`mlgfs wgto g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` tomt tmeis pkmfi mlj`c lilbirs j m crjup m`h bitwii` twj crjups. Ixogbgt 6.=6 gkkustrmtis togs ljhik.
Ajrlg`c ‛Ajrlg`c““ gs toi rst stmci j timl hivikjpli`t. Xgs stmci gs fomrmftirgzih by m ogco kivik j ‛Ajrlg`c hipi`hi`fi j` toi kimhir jr cughm`fi m`h hgriftgj`. Lilbirs lmy jr lmy `jt e`jw imfo jtoir. Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs issi`tgmk, toirijri, tj mfqumg`t crjup lilbirs wgto imfo jtoir m`h mkgc` toil wgto toi timl cjmks. Ixogbgt 6.=8 gkkustrmtis togs g` ljri hitmgk. Vtjrlg`c ‛Vtjrlg`c“ gs toi sifj`h stmci j timl hivikjpli`t. Xgs stmci gs fomrmftirgzih by fjlpitgtgj` m`h strgi mlj`c toi timl lilbirs. Fjllu`gfmtgj` tous pkmys m` glpjrtm`t
Ixogbgt 6.=6 6.=6 Xufelm`‗s Ljhik ja Ximl Hivikjpli`t
Ixogbgt 6.=8 6.=8 Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi Ajrlg`c Vtmci ja Xim Ximl l Hivikjpli`t
Ajrlg`c
Vtjrlg`c
@jrlg`c
^irajrlg`c
Lilbir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Ximl kimhir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Rif ifig igvvg` g`cc g` g`st strruft ftgj gj``s arjl to toii ti timml ki kimh mhir ir
Cgvg Cg vg``c hgr grif iftg tgj` j`ss
Kgsti`g`c tj tj to toi ti timl ki kimh m` m`h jt jtoirs
G`ajrlg`c jt jtooirs mb mbjut pr prjf jfiissis m` m`h prjfihuris
Mseg`c toi timl m aiw quistgj`s rikmtg`c tj
M`swirg`c quistgj`s
purpjsi, jbdiftgvi, m`h ixtir`mk rikmtgj`sogps G`tirmftg`c wgto jtoirs g` toi tim iml l
G`tirmftg`c wgto tjp lm`mcili`t, fkgi`ts, m`h jtoirs
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Lilbir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Ximl kimhir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Ysg`c Ysg `c ourta ourtauk uk wjrhs, wjrhs, mrc mrculi uli`tm `tmtgj tgj`, `, m`h m`h hibmti hibmtiss
Kgsti`g`c Kgsti` g`c tj tj m fjtirgi fjtirgi ja g`aku g`akui`t i`tgmk gmk pirs pirsj`s j`s jr m pmrtgfukmr g`hgvghumk
G`hukcg`c g` cjssgp jr bmfebgtg`c
Amgkg`c tj ix ixpkmg` toi ti timl cjmks g` m prjpir lm``ir
Eiipg`c sifrits arjl imfo jtoir Liitg`c toi kimhir g` gsjkmtgj`
Xjj lufo ilpty tmke m`h `j mftgj` Amgkg`c tj ripjrt tj ogcoir-ups m`h fkgi`ts
Amgkg`c tj kgsti` tj g`struftgj`s
Xmeg`c mbsjkutiky `j aiihbmfe arjl jtoirs
19
Ixogbgt 6.=9 6.=9 Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi Vtjrlg`c Vtmci ja Ximl Hivikjpli`t
rjki g` ghim hivikjpli`t, mrtgfukmtgj` j timl cjmks, m`h mfgkgtmtg`c prjhuftgvi g`tirmftgj`. Ixogbgt 6.=9 ixpkmg`s ojw ‛stjrlg`c“ risukts g` pjjr fjllu`gfmtgj`, g `jt lm`mcih iiftgviky.
@jrlg`c ‛@jrlg`c“ gs toi togrh stmci j timl hivikjpli`t. Xgs stmci gs fomrmftirgzih by ci`irmtg`c mcriili`t m`h frimtg`c fj`si`sus. Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs vgtmk jr mci`hm-sittg`c m`h frimtg`c `jrls‘wrgtti` ms wikk ms u`wrgtti`‘j u`wrgtti`‘jrr g`tirmftgj`. Ixogbgt 6.=1 gkkustrmtis togs urtoir. ^irajrlg`c ‛^irjrlg`c“ gs toi jurto stmci j timl hivikjpli`t. Xgs stmci gs fomrmftirgzih by m ukky u`ftgj`g`c timl. Fjllu`gfmtgj` gs cimrih tjwmrhs uphmtg`c imfo jtoir j` timl prjcriss m`h ripjrtg`c. Ixogbgt 6.=3 ixmlg`is toi eiy imturis j toi pirjrlg`c p irjrlg`c stmci.
Lilbir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Ximl kimhir fjllu`gfmtgj`
^km`` `jrls ^km `jrls ajr g`t g`tirm irmftg ftgj` j` m`h m`h wrg wrgti ti hjw` hjw` cjm cjmks ks
Liits ariq Liits ariqui` ui`tky tky tj mssi mssiss ss wjre wjre mff mffjrh jrhg`c g`c tj cughikg`is
Cgvi Cg vi m` m`hh rif ifig igvi vi fj fj`s `str truf uftg tgvi vi aii iihhbm bmffe
Brmmg` Br g`st stjr jrls ls55 mse sess ajr ajr jp jpg` g`gj gj`s `s m`h gh ghim imss ar arjl jl
Vomri ghims
lilbirs ^irgjhgf aiihbmfe5 fjmfois lilbirs
Fomt g`ajrlmkky
Fjrrispj`hs wgto fkgi`ts j` m ricukmr bmsgs
Lilbir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Ximl kimhir fjllu`gfmtgj`
Fjll Fj llu` u`gf gfmt mtg` g`cc ari ariqu qui` i`tk tkyy wgt wgtoo imf imfoo jto jtoir ir
@iihss tj @iih tj cgv cgvii vir viryy aiw aiw g` g`st stru ruft ftgj gj`s `s55 hik hikic icmt mtis is mutojrgty
Xoi timl lilbirs liit ariqui`tky mlj`c toilsikvis
G`tirvi`is tj risjkvi pirsj`mk/ g`tirpirsj`mk gssuis
Ysi aiihbmfe arjl fkgi`ts m`h imfo jtoir tj lmei
Ysis aiihbmfe arjl toi subjrhg`mtis
fom`cis Ripjrts tj toi timl kimhir
Ripjrts tj ogcoir-ups jr fkgi`ts
Ixogbgt 6.=1 6.=1 Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi @jrlg`c Vtmci ja j a Ximl Hivikjpli`t
Ixogbgt 6.=3 6.=3 Fjllu`gfmtgj` g` toi ^irajrlg`c Vtmci ja Ximl Hivikjpli`t
11 11
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Amlgkgis wgto ogco kiviks ja fjllu`gfmtgj`, somrg`c, oimktoy ixfom`ci ja ghims, m`h djg`t hifgsgj` lmeg`c frimti wikk-mhdustih fogkhri` woj hivikjp ogco iljtgj`mk fjlpiti`fi g` toi kmtir stmci ja kgai.
ILJXGJ@MK G@XIKKGCI@FI Hrs Djo` Lmyir m`h ^itir Vmkjviy wiri toi rst tj usi toi tirl ‛iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi“ (I]).8 Xi tirl wms usih us ih tj hisfrgbi m pirsj` pirsj`‗‗s mbgkgty tj u`hirstm`h ogs jr oir jw` iljtgj`s m`h toi iljtgj`s j jtoirs m`h tj mft mpprjprgmtiky bmsih j` togs u`hirstm`hg`c. G` =779, psyfojkjcgst Hm`gik Cjkilm` pjpukmrgzih togs tirl wgto ogs bjje Iljtgj`mk G`tikkgci`fi4 Soy Gt Fm` Lmttir Ljri Xom` G]. G].9 Xi prg`fgpmk toisgs j toi fj`fipt gs tomt gt gs toi stmbki-lg`hih g`hgvghumk, toi iljtgj`mkky g`tikkgci`t pirsj`, woj ixfiks g` iviry spoiri j kgi. I] ljvis mwmy rjl toi `mrrjw vgiw j g`tikkgci`fi ms m ci`itgf cgvi` cgvi` m`h jfusis j` igcot typis j g`tikkgci`fi g`tikkgci`fi tomt m` g`hg vghumk mfqugris j` toi bmsgs j pirsj`mk ixpirgi`fi. ixpir gi`fi. Xi hi`gtgj` j iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi, g`tikkgci`fi, mffjrhg`c tj Cjkilm`, g`fkuhis vi mrims4 e`jwg`c j`i‗s iljtgj`s, lm`mcg`c iljtgj`s, ljtgvmtg`c j`isik, rifjc`gzg`c iljtgj`s g` jtoirs, m`h om`hkg`c rikmtgj`sogps. @jw tomt wi omvi hgsfussih toi fj`fipt j iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi, kit us hgsfuss ojw iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi rikmtis tj fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Oiri gs m sfi`i wgto wogfo ljst pijpki mri mlgkgmr4 Hogrmd smys jr hjis sjlitog`c tomt Hgfe g`tirprits ms m pirsj`mk mttmfe. Hgfe ritmkgmtis wgto ourtuk wjrhs jr mftgj`s. Hogrmd, omvg`c lim`t `j omrl g` toi rst pkmfi, gs puzzkih. Vg`fi toi prjvjfmtgj` gs ixtrili, Hogrmd lmy mksj ritmkgmti. Xi sgtumtgj` isfmkmtis, ivi` tojuco toiri toi ri gs `j rimk rimsj` jr toi fj`flgft. Xgs gs toi risukt j m mgkuri tj u`hirstm`h toi rst bgt j fjllu`gfmtgj`. G` ljst fmsis, fjllu`gfmtgj`, jr kmfe j gt, gs toi rjjt fmusi j fj`flgfts.
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Ixogbgt 6.=? Histruftgvi G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Histruftgvi ^rjfiss Ivi`t
Vifj`hmry tojucot
Biomvgjur
Hogrmd g`tirruptih li mt toi liitg`c
G wgkk s`ub ogl mt
Cits ljri ojstgki
tjhmy
toi `ixt liitg`c
tjwmrhs Hogrmd
Iljtgj`
Iljtgj`
M`cir m`h omtrih
Ljri m`cir
Xojucot Hogrmd gs s`jbbgso m`h icjgstgf
Ixogbgt 6.=7 Fj`struftgvi G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfmtgj`
Fj`struftgvi ^rjfiss Xojucot Oi lust bi g` m bmh ljjh
Iljtgj` ^uzzkih m`h m`xgjus
Ivi`t Hogrmd g`tirruptih li mt toi liitg`c
Vifj`hmry tojucot Lmybi sjlitog`c gs wjrryg`c ogl
13
Iljtgj` Fj`fir`
Biomvgjur M Mses Hogrmd mbjut gt kmtir m`h fkmrgay aiikg`cs
Biomvgjur B Gs fjrhgmk tj Hogrmd
Histruftgvi m`h fj`struftgvi fjllu`gfmtgvi sgtumtgj`s sgtumtgj`s fm` bi fjlpmrih wgto toi oikp j Ixogbgts 6.=? m`h 6.=7. G` Ixogbgt 6.=?, m histruftgvi prjfiss gs sojw`. Oiri, Hgfe gs ogcoky m``jyih wgto Hogrmd mair big`c g`tirruptih rmtoir ruhiky g` m liitg`c. Jbvgjusky, oi gs tmei` by surprgsi ms oi omh `jt m`tgfgpmtih toi g`tirruptgj`. Xi iljtgj`mk rispj`si gs strj`c. Oi cits m`cry m`cr y m`h toi ljri oi tog`es mbjut gt, toi ljri toi hisgri jr rivi`ci friips g`tj ogs lg`h. G` togs sgtumtgj`, ogs rispj`si gs tj bifjli ljri ojstgki tjwmrhs Hogrmd. G` Ixogbgt 6.=7, toi g`gtgmk prjvjfmtgj` gs toi smli, but toi iljtgj`s i ljtgj`s riflift surprgsi, m`xgity, m`h fj`fir` rmtoir tom` m`cir. Hgfe oms e`jw` Hogrmd jr sjli tgli m`h oms m mgrky cjjh rikmtgj`sogp wgto ogl. Fj`siqui`tky, toi rispj`si tj togs sgtumtgj` gs igtoir tj tmke tj Hogrmd hgriftky g` jrhir tj fkimr toi mgr jr tj fj`tg`ui biomvg`c ms tojuco `jtog`c omh omppi`ih. Xgs oms bii` tirlih by ixpirts ms m ‛fj`struftgvi-e`jwg`c toi muhgi`fi-bugkhg`c m brghci-fjkkmbjrmtg`c--prjfiss.“ Xgs gs mksj g`hgfmtgvi j ogco j` iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi j` toi brghci-fjkkmbjrmtg`c
pmrt j toi g`hgvghumk g`vjkvih.
1? 1?
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Fjllu`gfmtgj` Bytis 6.=
Ogcoir iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi gs sgc`gagfm`tky mssjfgmtih wgto ogcoir sjfgmk segkks. Xojsi wgto ogcoir iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi mri ljri fjjpirmtgvi m`h prjaissgj`mk. Risimrfo rivimks tomt u`oimktoy fjllu`gfmtgj` pmttir`s g` fogkhojjh maaift toi crjwto ja iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi. Fogkhri` g` amlgkgis tomt hgsfjurmci fj`akgft, fj`ak gft, sika-ixprissgj`, m`h mssirtgvi`iss lmy `jt hivikjp toi issi`tgmk segkks ja ixprissgvi`iss m`h rifiptgvi`iss‘twj eiy g`crihgi`ts ja suffissauk fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xogs mksj omlpirs toi hivikjpli`t ja iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi. Amlgkgis wgto ogco kiviks ja fjllu`gfmtgvi`iss, somrg`c, oimktoy ixfom`ci ja ghims, m`h djg`t hifgsgj`-lmeg`c frimti wikk-mhdustih fogkhri` woj hivikjp ogco iljtgj`mk fjlpiti`fi kmtir g` kgai. Xoisi mhukts vmkui jpi` ixfom`ci ja ghims m`h, oi`fi, toigr jpi` mrim jr mri`m gs wghi i`juco tj bugkh pjsgtgvi g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto jtoirs.
CIXXG@C MKJ@C SGXO JXOIRV Gt‗s mkwmys imsy tj fjllu`gfmti wgto pijpki j`i kgeis, but sjlitglis pijpki omvi tj fjllu`gfmti wgto pijpki toiy hgskgei. J`i j toi issi`tgmk iss i`tgmk qumkgtgis j m` iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtjr gs toi mbgkgty tj cit mkj`c wgto iviryj`i. ivir yj`i. Xgs gs ivi` ljri glpjrtm`t g` toi wjrepkmfi woiri j`i lust wjre wgto jtoirs tj cit tog`c hj`i, m`h m oimktoy oi mktoy (g `jt tjj rgi`hky) rikmtgj`sogp oikps. Xi jkkjwg`c tgps lgcot bi usiuk us iuk g` lmg`tmg`g`c m oimktoy g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogp wgto jtoirs4 ❔
Gt gs mkwmys cjjh tj foife j`i‗s mssulptgj`s. Ajr g`stm`fi, g j`i oimrs m hgsturbg`c ruljur, gt gs glpjrtm`t tj fj`sghir woitoir toi pirsj` fj`fir`ih mftumkky biomvih ji`sgviky, jr g togs dust gs toi jpg`gj` j m` g`hgrift sjurfi. Hgh yju mftumkky tmke tj toi pirsj` mbjut togs ji`sgvi biomvgjur: G yju fkmrgy, gt lgcot tur` jut tomt firtmg` rilmres wiri tmei` jut j fj`tixt. G` m`y fmsi, gt gs `jt wgsi tj riky j` oimrsmy. Ajrlg`c ghims jr mssulptgj`s bmsih liriky j` oimrsmy lmy histrjy m rikmtgj`sogp bijri bugkhg`c gt.
❔
Hj `jt mssuli tomt pijpki omvi gc`jrih yju. Xiy lgcot sglpky `jt e`jw yju i`juco tj g`tirmft wgto yju. Xiy lgcot `ivir omvi bii` g`trjhufih tj yju jr toiy lgcot ivi` omvi sjli sjrt j bgms mcmg`st yju. Gt gs mkwmys m cjjh ghim tj wmke up tj toi pirsj` pirs j` fj`fir`ih m`h g`trjhufi yjursik. Xgs wgkk mksj kit yju foife woitoir toi pirsj` rimkky gs`‗t
❔
g`tiristih g` m`y sjrt j g`tirmftgj` wgto yju. Vjlitglis m riquist gs riusih5 hj `jt tmei togs pirsj`mkky. Hj `jt mssuli tomt pijpki mri ‛jut tj cit yju“ jr omvi m pirsj`mk mci`hm mcmg`st yju. G`stimh, cj bmfe m`h ixmlg`i woitoir toi riquist wms vmkgh g` toi rst pkmfi. Xi riquist lgcot `jt omvi bii` mffiptih hui tj `m`fgmk gssuis, tgli fj`strmg`ts, jr jtoir vmkgh vm kgh rimsj`s. Ojwivir, hj lmei suri tj `h jut woy toi riquist wms hi`gih sj tomt yju hj `jt ripimt toi lgstmei.
❔
ypifmstg`c pijpki gs piromps toi bgccist bmrrgir tj fjllu`gfmtgj`. Gt gs imsy tj jrl jpg`gj`s mcmg`st pijpki woj mri mkwmys tjj kjuh jr g`fjlpiti`t jr u`fukturih. Ojwivir, gt gs pruhi`t tj tmei m lg`uti m`h pmusi, m`h fj`sghir tomt pijpki lmy mksj omvi typifmst yju. @j j`i gs pirift pir ift m`h j`i sojukh mffipt mffi pt toi glpiriftgj`s j jtoirs.
❔
G firtmg` pijpki mri bittir mt sjlitog`c, gt gs mkwmys oimktoy tj kimr` rjl toil rmtoir tom` fuktgvmtg`c m fjlpitgtgvi mttgtuhi. mttgtuhi. G` toi wjrepkmfi, gt gs wgsir tj bi pirfigvih ms m`
❔
mkky tom` ms m torimt. rust yjur jw` duhcili`t rmtoir tom` tomt j jtoirs. Kgsti` tj yjur wikk-wgsoirs, but uktglmtiky mft j` toi bmsgs j yjur jw` ixpirgi`fi. Mhjpt m `iutrmk mttgtuhi m`h rii yjur lg`h j pri-fj`figvih `jtgj`s bijri yju stmrt fjllu`gfmtg`c wgto
sjlij`i.
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
G`ajrlmtgj` Bytis 6.=
Xoiri mri lm`y rimsj`s tomt lgcot kimh tj m priduhgfi jr bgms mcmg`st firtmg` pijpki. Vjli ja toil mri4 ❔ Si lmy bikgivi tomt toiy smgh sjlitog`c mbjut us biog`h jur bmfe. ❔ Xoiy omh gc`jrih us imrkgir. ❔ Xoiy hi`gih us sjlitog`c wi omh mseih ajr. ajr. ❔ ❔
Xoiy mri toi ‛typi ja pijpki“ wi hgskgei. Si pirfigvi toil tj bi jur fkjsist fjlpitgtjrs. ❔ ‛Ivirybjhy“ tog`es tomt toiy mri trjubki.
G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ VXWKIV M fjllu`gfmtjr fm` fojjsi m vmrgity j stykis tj fjllu`gfmti. Iiftgvi fjllu`gfmtjrs u`hirstm`h tomt toiri mri sjli stykis tomt mri ljri iiftgvi g` firtmg` sgtumtg sgtumtgj`s j`s tom` jtoirs. Xiri mri issi`tgmkky sgx lmg` stykis j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` usih g` busg`iss sittg`cs4 ❔
Fjllm`h m`h fj`trjk styki4 Xi fj`trjkkir/hgriftjr styki gs ci`irmkky m j`i-wmy jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj`. Xi fjllu`gfmtgj` gs ljri g` toi `mturi j fjllm`hs, jrhirs, g`struftgj`s, m`h jtoir hgriftgvis. Xi fjllu`gfmtj fjllu`gfmtjrr usis toi g`flui`fi j toigr pjsgtgj` m`h pjwir. Lm`mcirs ilpkjyg`c ilpkjyg`c togs styki mri `jt rifiptgvi tj iihbmfe. Xiy lmy mksj ilpkjy vmrgjus litojhs tj lm`gpukmti toi tmrcit. Xgs typi j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs ljst iiftgvi hurg`c m frgsgs, fr gsgs, but woi` usih g`hgsfrglg`mtiky g`hgsfr glg`mtiky,, gt fm` mkgi`mti ilpkjyiis.
❔
Fjjpirmtgvi styki4 M ljri icmkgtmrgm`, twj-wmy fjllu`gfmtgj` styki, toi fjjpirmtgvi styki i`fjurmcis ilpkjyii g`vjkvili`t, pmrtgfgpmtgvi hifgsgj`-lmeg`c, m`h fjkkmbjrmtgj`. Xi purpjsi j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs tj somri m`h fjjpirmti rmtoir tom` tj hgrift, fjllm`h, m`h fj`trjk. Xi kimhir mfts ms m suppjrtir tj toi pijpki wjreg`c wgto ogl jr oir.
❔
Vystilmtgf styki4 Xi systilmtgf litojh gs ruki-bju`h m`h sfoihuki-spifgf. Gt oms bii` ju`h tj bi usiuk us iuk jr prjdift pkm``g`c m`h glpkili`tmtgj` glpkili`tmtgj` jr woi` wjreg`c wgto strgft sfoihukis. Gt gs usumkky usih g` fj`du`ftgj` wgto jtoir stykis.
❔
G`spgrmtgj`mk styki4 Xi kimhir mssulis m hy`mlgf styki j fjllu`gfmtgj` tj ljtgvmti pijpki tj mft. Ysg`c wjrhs j g`spgrmtgj`, toi spimeir siies tj g`stgk fj`hi`fi mlj`c crjup lilbirs.
❔
Xi pmssgvi styki4 Xgs gs typgfmkky m` ixmlpki i xmlpki j m kmgh-bmfe styki. Xi kimhir gs fj`ti`t tj kit ilpkjyiis omvi toi fi`tri stmci. Xi kimhir sogas rispj`sgbgkgty tj toi timl jr toi tmse. Xgs litojh gs sugtmbki woi` toi timl gs fmpmbki m`h e`jwkihcimbki but fm` bmferi woi` toi lilbirs mri siieg`c mutojrgty m`h cughm`fi rjl toi kimhir. kim hir.
❔
Xi mvjghm`fi styki4 Vjlitglis, lm`mcirs fojjsi `jt tj fjllu`gfmti. Xiy mvjgh m`y jrl j sjfgmk fj`tmft jr g`tirmftgj` wgto toi timl lilbirs m`h lmy g`hgfmti m` u`wgkkg`c`iss tj fj`trgbuti tj hifgsgj`-lmeg`c. Xgs styki gs mpprjprgmti mpprjprgmti woi` toi lm`mcir fojjsis `jt tj spime j` gssuis tomt lmy `jt fj`fir` ogl jr oir, but jr gssuis tomt hgriftky fj`fir` toi timl, prjdift, jr pirjrlm`fi, spimeg`c up gs glpjrtm`t.
G@XIR^IRVJ@MK FJLLY@GFMXGJ@ Y@HIR VXRIVV Vtrissauk fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` fjllu`gfmtgj` fm` bi hi`ih g` togs fj`tixt ms fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` tomt omppi`s u`hir torimt, hurg`c m frgsgs jr m pirsj`mk fj`flgft, jr woi` i`cmcih g` fj`flgfts wgto supirgjrs, subjrhg`mtis, m`h piirs. Wimrs j iljtgj`mk lmturgty lmy suhhi`ky hgsmppimr woi` mfih wgto m fjlpkix sgtumtgj`, sgtumtgj`, wogfo gs woy toisi mri jai` hisfrgbih ms toi rimk tist j poysgfmk ms
17
wikk ms li`tmk i`hurm`fi.
3> 3>
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Agcot jr Akgcot G` tirls j poysgjkjcy, pijpki ti`h tj rispj`h tj striss g` twj wmys4 tj cit mwmy rjl toi strissuk sgtumtgj` jr pirsj`, jr tj ‛cot gt jut.“ jut.“ G` ci`irmk, womtivir toi g`gtgmk li`tmk prihgspjsgtgj`, gt gs mkwmys bittir tj mfi m prjbkil rmtoir tom` ru` mwmy rjl gt. Ixogbgt 6.2> kgsts toi vmrgjus ljhis j fjllu`gfmtgj` j`i fm` fojjsi g` m strissuk sgtumtgj`. Ajrls j fjllu`gfmtgj` g` fj`flgft sgtumtgj`s g`fkuhi4 Ogco mssirtgj`‖kjw fjjpirmtgj`4 Xgs jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs ogco j` mssirtgvi`iss m`h kjw j` fjjpirmtgj`. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c uttirm`fi4 ‛G‗kk tikk yju woj‗s toi bjss oiri, m`h G wgkk `jt kgsti` tj m`y mrculi`ts!“
❔
❔
Ljhirmti mssirtgj`‖ljhirmti fjjpirmtgj`4 Xgs jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs ljhirmti j` fjjpirmtgj` ms wikk ms mssirtgj`. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c fjlli`t4 ‛G yju smy sj, G wgkk fjli tj wjre hurg`c toi wiiei`h ivi` tojuco ly pmri`ts wgkk bi vgsgtg`c li hurg`c tomt tgli.“
❔
Ogco mssirtgj`‖ogco fjjpirmtgj`4 Xgs eg`h j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs gs ogco j` mssirtgj` ms wikk ms fjjpirmtgj`. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c4 ‛G hj mpjkjcgzi tomt G fm``jt fjli g` togs wiiei`h tj `gso toi wjre. Ojwivir, Ojwivir, G prjlgsi tomt G wgkk fjli imrky m`h wjre kmti j` Lj`hmy m`h uishmy tj fjlpkiti toi pi`hg`c tmse.“
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Kjw mssirtgj`‖kjw fjjpirmtgj`4 Xgs eg`h j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs kjw j` bjto mssirtgvi`iss m`h fjjpirmtgj`. M` ixmlpki gs toi fjlli`t4 ‛G wjukh oulbky oulbky kgei tj succist wgto yjur pirlgssgj` tomt togs tmse gs biyj`h ly durgshgftgj`.“
❔
Kjw mssirtgj`‖ogco fjjpirmtgj`4 Xgs litojh j fjllu`gfmtgj` gs kjw j` mssirtgvi`iss m`h ogco j` fjjpirmtgj`. Xi jkkjwg`c uttirm`fi gkkustrmtis togs4 ‛Sgto mkk hui rispift, G wgkk bi g` toi jstfi tgkk lgh`gcot g` jrhir tj fjlpkiti togs mssgc`li`t. G ml oiri tj sirvi toi fjlpm`y.“
Bmsis ajr Vikiftg`c m Fj`gft Fjllu`gfmtgj` Ljhi Xiri mri firtmg` mftjrs tomt cj tjwmrhs sikiftg`c m spifgf ljhi jr m firtmg` sgtumtgj`. Soitoir j`i fojjsis fjkkgsgj` fjkkgsgj` jr jr fjjpirmtgj` hipi`hs j` toi jkkjwg`c mftjrs4 ❔
Xi glpjrtm`fi j toi rikmtgj`sogp4 Soi` wi vmkui m rikmtgj`sogp ljri, wi ti`h tj mvjgh, mffjlljhmti, jr fjlprjlgsi j` m lmttir.
❔
Xi glpjrtm`fi j toi gssui4 G toi gssui gs fkjsiky mkkgih wgto toi vmkui systil j toi pirsj`, oi jr soi lgcot iik toi `iih tj usi m fjlpitg`c jr fjkkmbjrmtgvi ljhi tj cit
Ixogbgt 6.2> 6.2> Smys tj Fjllu`gfmti g` Fj`akgft Vgtumtgj`s
Fjlpitg`c Fjkkmbjrmtg`c
` j g t r i s s M
Fjlprjlgsg`c
Mvjghg`c Mffjlljhmtg`c
Fjjpirmtgj`
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
3=
toi pjg`t mfrjss. G toi gssui gs trgvgmk tj toi g`hgvghumk, gt lgcot bi bittir tj mvjgh jr fjlprjlgsi fjlprj lgsi j` toi gssui. ❔
Xi glpjrtm`fi j toi pjti`tgmk fj`siqui`fis4 ^ijpki mvjgh fj`flgft g toiy m`tgfgpmti pjti`tgmk kjssis j djb, cjjhwgkk, prjljtgj`, pkul mssgc`li`ts, m`h sj j`. Xiy ci`irmkky i`cmci g` m fj`flgft woi` toiy iik tomt toiy mri rimhy jr toi fj`siqui`fis.
Fj`gft Risjkutgj` m`h Fjllu`gfmtgj` Ixogbgt 6.2= gkkustrmtis m fjllu`gfmtgj` fj`tg`uul woiri hiiri`fi gs toi kimst mbrmsgvi jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj`, fjllu`gfmtgj`, mssirtgj` gs segkuk fjllu`gfmtgj`, m`h mccrissgj` gs m vgjki`t m`h siviri jrl j fjllu`gfmtgj fjllu`gfmtgj`. `. Xi jkkjwg`c ixmlpki lgcot ixpkmg` togs pjg`t urtoir4 Lm`mcir tj _ 4 ‟‟_, sublgt toi ripjrt tj li kmtist by 8 pl tjhmy. Gs tomt fkimr: @jt m lg`uti‗s hikmy, lg`h yju.‗‗ @jw,, _ lgcot cgvi m`y j`i j toisi torii rispj`sis4 @jw ❔
Agrst4 ‛W ‛Wis, is, j fjursi sgr!“ (E`jwg`c piriftky wikk tomt 8 pl gs m tjuco himhkg`i tj liit.)
❔
Vifj`h4 ‛Vgr, tomt gs m tgcot himhkg`i. Ojwivir Ojwivir,, G wgkk hj ly bist. G toiri gs `j ilirci`fy ms sufo, fm` G riquist toi himhkg`i bi ljvih tj tjljrrjw tjljrrjw mt == ml: G wgkk bi mbki tj put tjcitoir toi kmst-lg`uti rivgiws tomt G omh fj`huftih j` jur brm`h by toi`.“ toi`.“
❔
Xgrh4 ‛Vgr, G tjkh yju mt toi bicg``g`c tomt G wjukh `jt bi mbki tj hj gt by toi`. G omvi i`trustih gt tj ly timl lilbir Rmvg, woj wgkk jkkjw up j` gt. Wju sojukh cgvi us oimktogir tglikg`is jr prjdifts sj wi fm` bi bittir pripmrih jr toil.“ toil.“
Jbvgjusky, gt gs toi sifj`h rispj`si tomt gs ljst sugtmbki. Ivi` g toi lm`mcir ridifts toi riquist tj ljvi toi himhkg`i, mt kimst _ oms trgih tj put jrwmrh toigr pjg`t j vgiw. vgiw. Risimrfo rivimks tomt lm`mcirs priir mssirtgvi pijpki tj hiiri`tgmk jr mccrissgvi j`is. Ixogbgt 6.22 kgsts g`jrlmtgj` mbjut vmrgjus eg`hs j fjllu`gfmtgj` g` m `utsoikk. G` mhhgtgj` tj toi hiiri`tgmk, mssirtgvi, m`h mccrissgvi stykis hisfrgbih g` Ixogbgt 6.22, toiri gs yit m`jtoir styki j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` fmkkih toi pmssgvi mccrissgvi mccrissgvi fjllu`gfmtgj` styki. G` styki. G` togs styki, toi g`hgvghumks mppimr tj bi pmssgvi j` toi surmfi but g` rimkgty mri sfoilg`c m`h lm`gpukmtg`c g` m subtki, g`hgrift wmy wmy.. Xisi pijpki mri g`fmpmbki j himkg`c wgto toi jbdift j toigr risi`tli`t. Xirijri, toiy mhjpt g`hgrift limsuris tj subtky u`hirlg`i toi tmrcit j toigr rimk jr glmcg`ih risi`tli`ts. Issi`tgmkky oypjfrgtgfmk, toiy lm`gpukmti jtoirs tj cit toi hisgrih i`h. Xiy lmy bi slgkg`c sjlij`i, but g` rimkgty bi pkjttg`c tomt viry pirsj`. Xiy mt ti`h tj bi smrfmstgf, hi`y lmy prjbkils, mppimrmcmg`st mppimr fjjpirmtgvi wogki big`c risi`tuk g`sghi, m`h omvi mfgmk ixprissgj`s tomt hj `jt lmtfo toi iljtgj`s toiy mri iikg`c. Xiy lmy ivi` usi subtki smbjtmci tj cit ivi`. Xiy ti`h tj usi wjrhs sufo ms, ‛G hj`‗t e`jw m`ytog`c mbjut togs,“ woi` g` rimkgty toiy hj e`jw but mri u`wgkkg`c tj fjjpirmti. M`jtoir ixmlpki gs, ‛Xi bjss sojukh `jt omvi smgh togs tj yju. Somt iksi hgh oi smy:“ wogki g` rimkgty pkm``g`c tj ripjrt toi fj`virsmtgj` bmfe tj toigr supirvgsjr. supir vgsjr.
Big`c Mssirtgvi Arjl togs hgsfussgj`, wi fm` fj`fkuhi tomt mssirtgvi`iss gs m hisgrmbki trmgt tj omvi, pmrtgfukmrky woi` wi `iih `ii h fjjpirmtgj` rjl jtoirs. Ivi` g j`i wm`ts tj smy ‛`j,“ toiri gs m firtmg`, priirmbki wmy tj fjllu`gfmti gt. Gt gs cjjh tj pjstpj`i m `icmtgvi rispj`si m`h hikmy smyg`c ‛`j.“
Rimftgj` =
Rimftgj` 2
Rimftgj` 6
Ixogbgt 6.2= 6.2= Xoi Fjllu`gfmtgj` Fj`tg`uul
Rimftgj` =
Rimftgj` 2
Rimftgj` 6
Hiairi`fi
Mssirtgj`
Mccrissgj`
32 32
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Vtykis/Hisfrgptgj`
Hiairi`tgmk
Mssirtgvi
Mccrissgvi
Fomrmftirgstgfs
Xoiy mv mvjgh ix ixprissg`c to toigr aiikg`cs, hj `jt rispj`h rispj`h jvirtky, jvirtky, m`h mkkjw jtoirs tj g`arg`ci j` toigr rgcots. Xoiy ci`irmkky omvi pjjr iyi fj`tmft wgto pijpki, omvi m skulpih pjsturi, spime sjatky, fm`‗t smy `j, m`h mri mkwmys mpjkjcitgf. Xoiy mksj amgk tj stm`h up ajr toigr rgcots.
Xoisi pijpki fkimrky stmti toigr Jpg`gj`s wgtojut vgjkmtg`c tojsi ja jtoirs. Xoiy mri rispiftauk, omvi rikmxih bjhy km`cumci, m`h mkwmys lmg`tmg` prjpir iyi fj`tmft wgto pijpki. Xoiy ci`irmkky omvi m agrl vjgfi, spime g` m limsurih lm``ir. Xoiy ixpriss fj`trjkkih iljtgj`s m`h vmkui toilsikvis m`h jtoirs. Xoiy rispift toi tgli ja jtoirs, kgsti` wikk, stm`h up ajr toigr rgcots, m`h fkmrgay gssuis wgto jtoirs hgriftky g` m fmkl lm``ir.
Xoiy ixpriss toigr aiikg`cs jpi`ky m`h mhvjfmti ariiky ajr toigr rgcots. Xoiy typgfmkky omvi m omrso tj`i, qugfe wmke, kjuh vjgfi, m`h s stm`fi tomt kim`s bmfe. Xoigr iyis stmrg`c mt m pirsj` vgjkmti toi prgvmfy ja jtoirs ms wikk ms hjlg`mti, oulgkgmti, frgtgfgzi, m`h bkmli toil. Xoiy mri ci`irmkky kjuh, hilm`hg`c, m`h mtti`tgj`siieg`c m`h ti`h tj g`tirrupt jtoir pijpki. Xoiy mri pjjr kgsti`irs.
Glpmft
Ms m risukt ja toigr fomrmftirgstgfs, toisi pijpki aiik kiat jut, hiprissih, fj`ausih, m`h risi`tauk. Xoiy ci`irmkky jvirfjllgt toilsikvis m`h suaair
Xoisi pijpki frimti m pjsgtgvi i`vgrj`li`t mrju`h toil. Xoiy omvi m lmturi jutkjje m`h pijpki ci`irmkky trust toil. Xoigr frihgbgkgty gs ogco.
Xoisi pijpki frimti m pjsgtgvi i`vgrj`li`t mrju`h toil. Xoiy omvi m lmturi jutkjje m`h pijpki ci`irmkky trust toil. Xoigr frihgbgkgty gs ogco.
‛Kit‗s sjrt togs tog`c jut.“ ‛X ‛ Xikk li mbjut yjur prjbkil.“ ‛Xogs gs womt G bikgivi gs toi truto…“ ‛Kit‗s cgvi m amgr oimrg`c tj ivirybjhy.“ ivirybjhy.“ ‛G bikgivi tomt…, but tikk li, womt hj yju tog`e:“ ‛G wjukh kgei tj…“
‛G e`jw ivirytog`c.“ ‛G wgkk cit ly wmy, `j lmttir womt.“ ‛Gt‗s mkk yjur amukt.“ ‛G ml mkwmys rgcot.“ ‛Wju‗ri `jt wjrto m`ytog`c mt mkk.“ ‛Hj`‗t mse quistgj`s‘dustt hj gt.“ ‛Xomt‗s stupgh.“ tgj`s‘dus
G`tirpirsj`mk Vilm`tgfs
arjl m kjss ja sika wjrto. ‛Ivirybjhy gc`jris li.“ ‛Wju ‛ Wju `ivir u`hirstm`h li.“ ‛@jbjhy kgsti`s tj li.“ ‛G ml sjrry tj tmei up yjur tgli but…“ ‛Sjukh ‛ Sjukh yju bi upsit ga wi…“ ‛Gt‗s j`ky ly jpg`gj` but…“
Jrcm`gzmtgj`mk iaaift
Xoisi pijpki mri `jt fj`sghirih ajr glpjrtm`t prjdifts, `jt cgvi` m`y rispj`sgbgkgty, m`h `jt fj`suktih j` gssuis.
Xoiy mri kgeih m`h rispiftih by mkk, m`h mri jati` fj`suktih j` vmrgjus jrcm`gzmtgj`mkk lmttirs. jrcm`gzmtgj`m
Ga toisi pijpki mri kimhirs, toiy mri ogcoky hgskgeih m`h glli`siky u`pjpukmr. Ga toiy mri lm`mcirs, toi` toiy mri gsjkmtih.
Fmusis
Fmusis ajr togs eg`h ja biomvgjur fm` bi kjw sika-istiil, m riprissgvi amlgky bmfecrju`h, jr u`amvjurmbki u`amvjurmb ki pmst ixpirgi`fis.
Fmusis ajr togs lgcot bi ogco sika-istiil, fj`aghi`fi, g`hipi`hi`fi, m`h m `j`-duhcli`tmkk mttgtuhi. `j`-duhcli`tm
Fmusis ajr biomvg`c togs wmy lgcot bi kjw sika-istiil, pmst ixpirgi`fis, m`h toi aiikg`c ja big`c pjwirkiss. Xoisi pijpki lgcot dust bi glgtmtg`c toigr mccrissgvi bjssis woj wiri suffissauk. Xogs eg`h ja biomvgjur lgcot mksj stil arjl aiikg` aiikg`cc fjr`iri fjr`irihh jr torim torimti`ih ti`ih..
Ixogbgt 6.22 6.22 Fjllu`gfmtgj` Vtykis4 Hisfrgptjrs
J`i fm` mksj pmrmpormsi tj cit ljri tgli. G j`i jkkjws m `icmtgvi rispj`si wgto m cjjh i`juco rimsj` jr riusg`c sjlitog`c, gt jai` sjai`s toi bkjw. bkjw. Xiri mri torii stips tj big`c mssirtgvi4 Vtip =4 Xgs stip g`vjkvis kgsti`g`c iiftgviky. ii ftgviky. Mt togs stmci, j`i sojukh`‗t g`tirrupt toi spimeir spim eir m`h sojukh kgsti` wgto m fmkl lg`h tj womt toi jtoir pirsj` oms tj smy. Gt gs `jt m cjjh ghim tj ‛dulp toi cu`“ m`h usi hii`sgvi strmticgis mt togs stmci. By kgsti`g`c wikk, j`i gs mbki tj u`hirstm`h toi rimk gssuis. Gt mksj `iutrmkgzis toi si`hir‗s mrculi`t tj
m` ixti`t. Vtip 24 Xgs stip g`vjkvis prisi`tg`c j`i‗s vgiws g` m rmtgj`mk lm``ir. Xiri gs `j mpjkjcy g`vjkvih, but g`stimh, pormsis kgei4 ‛G mcrii wgto yju, ojwivir…“ jr ‛Wju lmy bi
rgcot5 `ivirtoikiss… oikp tj lmei j`i s stm`h j` toi gssui fkimr. Vtip 64 Xgs stip oikps tj uktglmtiky risjkvi toi gssui by lutumk fj`si`t. Gt succists m` mftgj` pkm` jr m` mci`hm jr toi risjkutgj`.
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Ixogbgt 6.26 gkkustrmtis 6.26 gkkustrmtis toi torii stips tj big`c mssirtgvi. Vgx Smys tj bi Mssirtgvi
Ixpirts succist m `ulbir j wmys tj ixirfgsi mssirtgj`. Xisi tifo`gquis mri4 ❔ ❔
Bmsgf mssirtgj`
Ilpmtoitgf mssirtgj` Brjei` rifjrh
❔ ❔
Ajccg`c
❔
Hgsfripm`fy mssirtgj`
❔
Jutfjli mssirtgj`
Bmsgf mssirtgj`4 smyg`c gt bku`tky. Bmsgf mssirtgj` issi`tgmkky g`vjkvis stmtili`ts tomt fkimrky riflift j`i‗s j`i‗s `iihs, iikg`cs, mttgtuhis, bikgis, m`h jpg`gj`s. Xisi usumkky usum kky bicg` wgto ‛G“ m`h ixpriss mpprifgmtgj`, m``jym`fi, hgslmy, smtgsmftgj`, m`h sj j`. J`i oms tj bi sglpki, spifgf, m`h brgi. Xi jkkjwg`c uttirm`fis mri ixmlpkis j bmsgf mssirtgj`4
‛G kgeih toi prisi`tmtgj` tomt yju lmhi yistirhmy.“ ‛G iik tomt wi `iih tj jir ljri fjursis j` busg`iss fjllu`gfmtgj`.“ ‛Xi fjst wgkk bi mrju`h 8>> rupiis.“ rupiis.“ ‛G wms ourt woi` yju fj`trmhgftih li g` rj`t j ivirybjhy iviry bjhy g` toi liitg`c.“ liitg`c.“ Ilpmtoitgf mssirtgj`4 smyg`c gt sjaky. Ilpmtoitgf mssirtgj` g`vjkvis stmtili`ts tomt rifjc`gzi toi jtoir pirsj`‗s iikg`cs but mt toi smli tgli mssirt j`i‗s jw` tojucots. Xiri mri twj g`oiri`t hm`cirs tj togs mpprjmfo. Agrst, toi wjrh ‛but“ gs usih m kjt5 ojwivir, ojwivir, gt lmy sju`h g`sg`firi, ispifgmkky woi` jvirusih. Vifj`h, ilpmtoitgf mssirtgj` lgcot bi usih tj lmse mccrissgj`. Ajr ixmlpki, g` toi si`ti`fi, ‛Embgr, G mpprifgmti toi ixtrm tgli yju spi`t spi `t j` toi prjdift, but toi ruki r uki smys tomt g`frili`ts wgkk j`ky bi cgvi` mair m yimr j sirvgfi“ s irvgfi“,, toi ‛but“ lmy siil tj hivmkui toi pormsi ‛G mpprifgmti toi ixtrm tgli yju spi`t j` toi prjdift“ m`h lmei gt mppimr g`sg`firi m`h mksi. Brjei` rifjrh4 smyg`c gt ripimtihky. ripi mtihky. M ‛brjei` rifjrh“ gs issi`tgmkky m pormsi ripimtih m `ulbir j tglis (lufo kgei m brjei` rifjrh) hurg`c m fj`virsmtgj` tj hrgvi ojli m pjg`t. Ysih jai` by slmkk fogkhri`, gt gs m suffissuk suffi ssuk tifo`gqui tj cit toi tog`c j`i wm`ts by mseg`c ripimtihky jr gt. Gt pmrtgfukmrky ti`hs tj omppi` woi` pijpki mri tjj wrmppih up g` toigr jw` tojucots tj pmy mtti`tgj` tj womt toi jtoir pirsj` gs smyg`c. Xi brjei` rifjrh tifo`gqui j mssirtgj` lmeis suri tomt toi lissmci cits mfrjss wgtojut wog`g`c, biccg`c, m`h fmdjkg`c. G` tirls j silm`tgfs, toi smli pormsi gs ripimtih jvir m`h jvir mcmg` g` skgcotky hgiri`t wmys. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c uttirm`fi4 ‛Xi prjdift himhkg`i fm``jt bi pjstpj`ih mt m`y fjst biyj`h =? Duky. Duky. G `iih `i ih tj sublgt toi hitmgks tj toi fkgi`t, m`h mair =? Duky, wi wgkk bi tgih up wgto toi cjvir`li`t prjdift. Somt G fm` prjlgsi gs tomt G fm` fjlpkiti toi wrgtti` jrlmkgtgis bijri, but toi prjdift ms sufo fm``jt bi ixti`hih biyj`h =?to Duky.“ Ajccg`c4 mcriig`c u`ixpiftihky. Ajccg`c, g` issi`fi, gs mcriig`c wgto toi ji`hg`c stmtili`t. Soi` sjlibjhy biomvis ji`sgviky m`h ixpifts toi rifgpgi`t tj ritjrt somrpky jr mt kimst wgto mccrissgj`, toi rifgpgi`t hjis m vjkti-mfi by mcriig`c wgto m slmkk pjrtgj` j womt toi si`hir gs smyg`c. Xgs gs meg` tj m jc tomt suhhi`ky jvirwoikls toi pirsj` m`h tmeis ogl jr oir by surprgsi. Xi jkkjwg`c ixmlpkis gkkustrmti gkkustrmti togs4 mu`t4 ‛Wju ‛Wju lmei sufo kmli ixfusis ixf usis iviry ivi ry tgli tomt gt‗s bifjlg`c m ombgt wgto yju!“ Rispj`si Rispj`s i (Ajccg`c)4 ‛Wju e`jw womt: Wju‗ri rgcot. Xisi ixfusis mri sj sglpki tomt gt‗s imsy tj iik tomt toiy mri `jt ci`ug`i.“
=
2
6
Kgsti`
Vmy womt yju
Vmy womt yju
Ixogbgt 6.26 6.26 Vtips tj bi Mssirtgvi
36
mftgviky
tog`e jr aiik
wm`t tj omppi`
38 38
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
@iwky bi`foih sjawmri i`cg`iir4 ‛Xgs wojki fjlpm`y stg`es. Gt Gt oms `j pjkgfgis g` pkmfi. Xiy fm`‗t bi`fo m sjawmri i`cg`iir dust kgei tomt!“^irsj``ik Lm`mcir (Ajccg`c)4 ‛Wis, G u`hirstm`h tomt togs lust bi m bgt j m sojfe tj yju. Si wgkk try tj oikp yju g` m`y wmy wi fm`.“ Hgsfripm`fy mssirtgj`4 ixprissg`c toi fj`trmhgftgj`. Hgsfripm`fy mssirtgj` gs m hgmkjcui tomt mssirts tomt m pirsj` oms bii` cgvi` firtmg` g`struftgj`s m`h gs hjg`c sjlitog`c iksi. Gt fj`viys g` m `j`-torimti`g`c lm``ir toi fj`trmhgftgj` g` toi lissmcis. Xi pirsj` siies fkmrgty rmtoir tom` big`c bjccih hjw` by u`firtmg`ty m`h fj`usgj`. Gt i`mbkis toi rifgpgi`t tj fkimr toi lgsu`hirstm`hg`c bijri toi gssui bkjws jut j prjpjrtgj`. Xi spimeir gs mssirtgvi wgtojut bkmlg`c m`ybjhy. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c qujti4 ‛Soi` G tjje jvir ms toi si`gjr mhlg`gstrmtgvi mssgstm`t, G wms tjkh tomt ly rispj`sgbgkgtgis g`fkuhi jvirsiig`c `m`fgmk fj`fir`s tjj. jhmy G cjt m lilj stmtg`c sjlitog`c qugti tj toi fj`trmry. G wjukh kgei tj bi fkimr ms tj womt ixmftky gs riqugrih rjl li m`h ojw togs mifts toi rst mcriili`t:“ Jutfjli mssirtgj`4 ‛jr iksi“ fjllu`gfmtgj`. Jutfjli mssirtgj` gs issi`tgmkky m hgmkjcui tomt fj`viys sjlitog`c mssirtgviky, but mt toi smli tgli gs `jt jutrgcot omrso. Gt gs `jt m torimt pir si, s i, but jrfis toi rifigvir tj tmei tog`cs sirgjusky s irgjusky.. Gt gs usih tj u`hirkg`i toi mutojrgty j toi si`hir. M` ixmlpki gs toi jkkjwg`c stmtili`t4 ‛G yju mri kmti mcmg`, G omvi `j jptgj` but tj ripjrt gt tj toi fogi lm`mcir. G wjukh rmtoir mvjgh tomt.“
VYLLMRW ❔
Oimktoy g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps lg`glgzi fj`flgfts, lm`gpukmtgj`, `icmtgvgty, `icmtgvgty, hgstrust, m`h hgsfjrh.
❔
G`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` gs g`ivgtmbki, grrivjfmbki, jpi` tj lgsg`tirpritmtgj`, m`h ogcoky fj`tixtumk. f j`tixtumk.
❔
Djomrg wg`hjw, wgto gts ilpomsgs j` iihbmfe m`h hgsfkjsuri, mhiqumtiky ixpkmg`s g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs m`h gts rjki g` fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto j`isik m`h jtoirs.
❔
Xi fj`struftgvi prjfiss j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` wgto gts ilpomsgs j` iljtgj`mk g`tikkgci`fi gs m lmturi wmy tj fj`trjk j`i‗s rimftgj`s tj ivi`ts m`h pijpki.
❔
Xiri mri sgx hgiri`t stykis tj fojjsi rjl woi` fjllu`gfmtg`c wgto supirvgsjrs, subjrhg`mtis, m`h piirs.
❔
oiri mri m `ulbir j g`tirpirsj`mk fjllu`gfmtg j` strmticgis tj mhjpt, rm`cg`c rjl mvjghm`fi tj fjjpirmtgvi fjllu`gfmtgj`, hipi`hg`c upj` j`i‗s rikmtgj`sogp rikmtgj`sog p wgto toi jtoir pirsj`, toi fj`tixt, m`h toi fj`siqui`fis j toi fj`kgft.
❔
Xi priirrih fjllu`gfmtgj` styki gs mssirtgvi`iss, wogfo fm` bi kimr`t by jkkjwg`c toi torii-stip litojh.
MVVIVV WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. =. Soy hj yju yju tog`e gt gs glpjrtm`t glpjrtm`t tj bi mssirtgvi mt mt toi wjrepkmfi: Hgsfuss vmrgjus wmys tj bi ljri mssirtgvi. 2. Ikufghmti toi glpjrtm`fi j toi Djomrg wg`hjw g` 2. u`hirstm`hg`c j`isik m`h jtoirs. 6. 6. Bitwii` fjlprjlgsg`c, fjlprjlgsg`c, fjkkmbjrmtg`c, fjkkmbjrmtg`c, m`h mffjlljmffjlljhmtg`c, wogfo gs m bittir tifo`gqui jr om`hkg`c fj`flgfts: Soy: 8. Soi` hjis toi mvjghm`fi tifo`gqui j fj`flgft lm`mcili`t brg`c risukts:
9. Somt hj yju 9. yju u`hirstm`h by toi tirl ‛g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs“: Somt jrl j g`tirpirsj`mk silm`tgfs gs typgfmk j toi g`gtgmk stmci j crjup jrlmtgj`: 1. 1. Somt mri mri toi pjssgbki pjssgbki fj`siqui`fis j j big`c u``ifissmrgky hiiri`tgmk mt toi wjrepkmfi: 3. ‛Viie tj u`hirstm`h yjursik m`h toi` u`hirstm`h 3. jtoirs.“ Ojw mr hj yju tog`e togs stmtili`t gs rikivm`t g` lmg`tmg`g`c m`h sustmg`g`c g`tirpirsj`mk rikmtgj`sogps:
YVI WJYR E@JSKIHCI =. =. Vtuhy toi torii wg`hjws wg`hjws g` Ixogbgt 6.28. Imfo fomrmf-
lgcot mppimr tj yju g` m slmkk crjup. @jw wrgti hjw`
tirgzis ixtrili rmtgjs j sjkgfgtg`c m`h cgvg`c iihbmfe. Xg`e mbjut ojw m pirsj` hisfrgbih g` imfo wg`hjw
womt imfo wg`hjw sgc`gis. Sogfo wg`hjw riprisi`ts toi ‛ghimk“ m`h woy:
G`tirpirsj`mk Fjllu`gfm Fjllu`gfmtgj` tgj`
Ojwivir, woi` gt fjlis, gt‗s `jt fjjeih tj oir tmsti, sj soi riquists toi wmgtir tj omvi toi foi fjje gt jr ixmftky twj m`h m omk om k lg`utis ljri.
Jpi`
❔
Jpi`
Ixogbgt 6.28
2. 2. Ghi`tgy toi toi fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` styki styki j imfo pirsj` hisfrgbih g` toi jkkjwg jkkjwg`c `c siftgj`. Cgvi rimsj`s jr yjur fojgfi. Vm`dmy fm` qugfeky tikk womt‗s cjg`c j` g` m`y sgtumtgj` m`h gs `jt mrmgh tj spime jut mbjut womt sojukh bi hj`i. Oi hjis` hjis`‗t ‗t jkkjw toi kmtist mhs, but wimrs fkjtois yju tomt`jtgfi mri prmftgfmk. Soi` yju liit Vm`dmy, oi gs rgi`hky. Kmtir yjurst rimkgzi oi oms`‗t tjkh yju lufo mbjut ogs pirsj`mk kgi. Wju cj jut jr ku`fo wgto Vm`dmy. Oi jrhirs m bmeih hgso but toi hgso gs sirvih `imrky rmw. Oi sojuts jr toi wmgtir, m`h fjlpkmg`s kjuhky. Xi wmgtir mpjkjcgzis m`h tmeis toi hgso bmfe tj bi fjjeih but Vm`dmy hjis`‗t wm`t tj wmgt. Oi hilm`hs tj sii toi lm`mcir m`h tikks oir tomt g` toi uturi oi‗kk imt iksiwoiri. Wju bjto crmb sjlitog`c mt m hrgvi-torjuco m`h mri bmfe mt toi jstfi g` tgli jr Vm`dmy‗s Vm`dmy‗s `ixt liitg`c. ❔
❔
Rmcomv gs m rimkky `gfi pirsj`. Oi‗s Oi‗s jpi` tj `iw ghims m`h mkwmys wgkkg`c tj kgsti`. J` ogs hise mri kjts j pojtjs wgto mlgky m`h rgi`hs, lm`y j toil tmei` mt Cjm. Rmcomv usumkky hrissis g` sja, wmrl fjkjurs, m`h omtis tj wimr m fjmt m`h tgi. Wju cj jut tj ku`fo wgto Rmcomv m`h oi jrhirs sjli fogfei`, wikkhj`i. Soi` oi futs g`tj gt, ojwivir, gt‗s `jt fjjeih i`juco m`h gs tjuco. Oi hjis`‗t smy m tog`c tj yju m`h fj`tg`uis tj imt. Xi wmgtir fjlis by m`h mses, ‛Ojw gs yjur hgso, sgr:“ Rmcomv oisgtm`tky ripkgis oi‗s sjrry tj smy oi kgeis ogs hgso m kgttki ljri ti`hir. ‛Sjukh yju kgei li tj tmei gt bmfe:“ toi wmgtir mses. ‛J`ky g gt‗s `jt tjj lufo trjubki,“ Rmcomv ripkgis. Cmymtrg gs m rmtoir fjlpkgfmt fjlpkgfmtih ih pirsj`. Voi fmris m kjt mbjut womt jtoirs tog`e j oir, but soi gs sjlitglis fmkkjus mbjut toi iikg`cs j jtoirs. Vj soi‗s bjto si`sgtgvi m`h g`si`sgtgvi. Gt fm` bi fj`usg`c! Xiri gs `j fj`usgj` mbjut j`i tog`c tojuco‘Cmymtrg tojuco‘Cmymtrg gs m` ixfikki`t pkm``ir. Voi cmtoirs mkk toi hmtm m`h fm` jrisii pjti`tgmk prjbkils. Voi risimrfois wmys tj mvjgh toil mt kgttki fjst tj toi fjlpm`y. Mt oir
^rgym gs m pjpukmr pirsj`. Voi cits g`tj lm`y sgtumtgj`s woiri soi gs toi j`i tj fj`rj`t prjbkils bifmusi soi e`jws ojw soi m`h hjis`‗t iiks mbjut lm`y gssuis. ^rgym spimes oirtog`es lg`h but kgei tj mkgi`mti jtoirs g` toi prjfiss. Vj soi trgis tj lmei toil iik cjjh mbjut toilsikvis ms wikk ms oir. ^rgym oms m kmrci fkjsit ukk j fkjtois wgto kjts j fjkjurs, tixturis, m`h bjkh hisgc`s. Mt oir hise gs m bkjw`up pojtj j oir m`h toi fjlpm`y prisghi`t omvg`c u` mt kmst yimr‗s Hgwmkg pmrty. Wju cj jut tj ku`fo wgto ^rgym m`h toi jjh soi jrhirs gs `jt fjjeih tj oir kgeg`c. Voi fmkks toi wmgtir jvir gllihgmtiky m`h mses jr m`jtoir pkmti. Xi wmgtir ripkgis tomt gt wjukh tmei mt kimst jrty tj jrty-vi lg`utis. Voi qugfeky hifghis tj try sjlitog`c iksi. ‛Brg`c li toi Vjuto G`hgm` spifgmk spi fgmk g`stimh!“, g`stimh!“, soi smys.
Jpi`
❔
39
6. Somt fjllu`gfmtgj` fjllu`gfmtgj` styki wjukh yju fojjsi tj mhjpt jr toi jkkjwg`c sgtumtgj`s: Mksj g`hgfmti hgsfkjsuri strmticgis tomt yju lgcot jkkjw g` sjli j toil. ❔
Mhvgsg`c m` irrm`t trmg`ii woj oms `jt sublgttih toi wjre j` tgli.
❔
^risi`tg`c tj m` j-sojri fkgi`t. Xi fkgi`t gs glprissgvii m`h wikk riputih. glprissgv
❔
^risi`tg`c m` ghim tj yjur rgcgh supirvgsjr. supir vgsjr.
❔
^risi`tg`c m` ghim tj yjur flixgbki supirvgsjr. supir vgsjr.
❔
Hgsfussg`c toi buhcit jr m pkm` prjpjsih by yju g` m liitg`c. Wjur timl fj`sgsts j torii suppjrtirs, twj ojstgki mtti`hiis, jur `iutrmks, m`h toi fomgr.
❔
Fj`sjkg`c m` ilpkjyii woi` oir ljtoir pmssis mwmy.
❔
Om`hkg`c m ri brimejut g` toi pkm`t. Mhhrissg`c toi lihgm mt toi kmu`fo j m `iw brm`h.
❔ ❔
Cjssgpg`c mbjut toi supirvgsjr. supir vgsjr.
8. M prjissjr pjg`tih 8. pjg`tih jut firtmg` mrims g` Embgr‗s prisi`tmtgj` tomt fjukh bi glprjvih. Ojwivir, Embgr g`sgstih tomt oi fjukh `jt glprjvi ms oi wms `jt cjjh mt ixprissg`c iljtgj`s. Sogfo mrim g` toi Djomrg wg`hjw hjis Embgr `iih tj jfus j`: Somt mrim hjis oi furri`tky bikj`c g`: 9. 9. Cgvi m` mpprjprgmti mpprjprgmti m`h m` g`mpprjprgmti g`mpprjprgmti rispj`si tj toi jkkjwg`c fj`virsmtgj`s/sgtumtgj`s g` toi spmfi prjvghih. m. ^rjissjr tj m. tj stuhi`t4 ‛Vomrlm, ‛Vomrlm, yju `iih tj wrgti wrgti toi ripjrt mcmg`.“ ^mssgvi rispj`si4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hise, Cmymtrg hgspkmys oir rmlih fjkkici hicrii m`h m kgst j fjlpm`y pjkgfgis. Wju cj jut jr ku`fo wgto Cmymtrg, woj jrhirs sjlitog`c wikk-fjjeih.
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31 31
Busg`iss Fjllu`gfmtgj` jr Lm`mcirs
Mssirtgvi rispj`si4------------------------------------
h. M fjkkimcui mses jr m firtmg` mvjur woi` wrgtg`c h. oir ripjrt. Voi oms bii` fj`sgsti`tky usg`c yjur oikp. Xgs tgli, ojwivir, yju wjukh kgei tj riusi. Somt wjukh yju smy:
Mccrissgvi rispj`si4------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^mssgvi rispj`si4 -------------------------------------
b. Fkgi`t tj lm`mcir4 b. lm`mcir 4 ‛Wju ‛Wju lust glprjvi yjur bm`e‗s fustjlir sirvgfi. G omvi bii` wmgtg`c kj`c i`juco tj cit ly fjlpkmg`t ricgstirih.“
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
^mssgvi rispj`si4 -------------------------------------Mssirtgvi rispj`si4------------------------------------
Mssirtgvi rispj`si4------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mccrissgvi rispj`si4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------f. Vgtumtgj`4 Xiri f. Xiri gs m liitg`c sfoihukih mt 6 pl pl m`h jr sjli rimsj` yju lmy `jt bi mbki tj mtti`h gt. Somt wgkk yju tikk yjur supirvgsjr: ^mssgvi rispj`si4 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mssirtgvi rispj`si4--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mccrissgvi rispj`si4----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mccrissgvi rispj`si4---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ghi`tgy toi ljst prjbmbki fjllu`gfmtgj` styki j toi jkkjwg`c pijpki. Li`tgj` j`i bmsgs jr yjur fj`fkusgj`.
m) Ogkkmry Fkg`tj` (Vifritmry j Vtmti, Y`gtih m) Y`gtih Vtmtis j j Mlirgfm)
b) Mmlgr Eom` (G`hgm` mftjr) b) mftjr)
f) Egrm` L. Vomw (FIJ, f) (FIJ, Bgjfj`)
h) Vomsog Xmrjjr h) Xmrjjr (G`hgm` pjkgtgfgm`)
3. 3. Riir tj ;ottp4//glmcis.busg`isswiie.fjl/ss/>7/>8/ >8=9Zg`hgmZljstZpjwiruk/g`hix.otl0 Ghi`tgy toi hjlg`m`t fjllu`gfmtgj` stykis j toi g`hgvghumks g` toi pojtjcrmpos. Fm` yju hrmw sjli sjrt j m fj`fkusgj` mbjut fjllu`gfmtgj` stykis g` rikmtgj` tj toi prjissgj`s j imfo j toi pirsj`s j` togs kgst:
SIB-BMVIH I_IRFGVIV =. Riir tj ;ottp4//www.`iwfj`virsmt =. ;ottp4//www.`iwfj`virsmtgj`s.`it/i gj`s.`it/ilirci`fy. lirci`fy. otl0. Somt `g`i stips mri toi mrtgfki succistg`c woi` mfih wgto m` g`tirpirsj`mk fj`flgft: 2. 2. Riir tj ;ottp4//www.ml ;ottp4//www.mlirgfm`forj`gfki.fjl/mrtgfkis/ irgfm`forj`gfki.fjl/mrtgfkis/ vgiw/689190. Somt torii mspifts gs toi mutojr succistg`c tj fjllu`gfmti wgto fj-wjreirs iiftgviky:
Lgsfjlprioi`sgj` m`h ^irsumsgj` ja ^rg`t Mhvirtgsili`ts,, g` ‛Mhvm`fis g` Fj`sulir Risimrfo (Qjkuli li`ts 27).“ Ojw hj fukturmk f ukturmk vmrgmbkis sufo ms g`hgvghumkgsl virsus fjkkif fjkkiftgvgsl tgvgsl m`h ogcoo gco- virsus kjw-fj`tixt fukturi mift toi g`hgvghumk‗s ti`hi`fy tj ixpriss lim`g`cs hgriftky jr g`hgriftky g` fj`virsmtgj`:
6. 6. Riir tj ;ottp4//ww w.mfrwibsgti.jrc w.mfrwibsgti.jrc/vjkulis/ /vjkulis/hgspkmy. hgspkmy. msp:gh
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