Business Applications of Data Analytics & Big Data

 

Cus`ibss Npph`mnt`kis kd Antn Ninhyt`ms & C`e Antn CP66 CP AS. NO@Q LRONS CGNSAUNF CGN SAUNF HO QGNZNS ]MGKKH ONINEBOBIQ

 

Mnsb#> Nonrmkra @imkrpkrntba6 Mkocnt`ie Okiby- hnuiabr`ie Rs`ie Antn Ninhyt`ms

 

Okiby hnuiabr`ie •

Okiby hnuiabr`ie `s tgb `hhbenh prkmbss kd mkimbnh`ie tgb kr`e`i kd tgb okiby kctn`iba `hhbenhhy, `t tgrkueg mkophbx sbqubimbcypnss`ie kd cnil`ie trnisdbrsnkr mkoobrm`nh trnisnmkis.

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Qgb prkmbss kd mkivbrie chnml okiby kr mkrruptba okiby `i tk hbenh okiby

 

]kurmbs kd `hhbenh okiby •

Arue trnml`ie

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@hhbenh enoch`ie

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Nros trnml`ie Cr`cbry

 

Zrbvbit`ki kd Okiby hnuiabr`ie •

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Qgb cnil sbmrbmy nmt (Ni-Okiby Hnuiabr`ie Hnw NOH) >05:

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R] ZNQS@KQ nmt 3::> ]usp`m`kus Nmv`ty Sbpkrt (]NS)

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D`inim`nh Mr`obs Bidkrmbobit Ibtwkrl (D@IMBI)

 

Nonrmkra •

Nonrmkra `s n $1: c Nonrmkra c`hh`ki `hh`ki nssbt rbe`kinh cnil stnrtba `i tgb ybnr >02> cy Nonrmkra trust ki tgb kutsl`rts kd Cntki rkueb,mkopniy Hku`s`nin.

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Nonrmkra cnil `i`nhhy prkv`aba mkoobrm`nh mkoobr m`nh cnil`ie sbrv`mbs `i Hku`s`nin

 

Cnil`ie sbrv`mbs kddbrba •

Mkisuobr cnil`ie sbrv`mbs

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Okrteneb cnil`ie sbrv`mbs

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Bqu`pobit hbns`ie Ubnhtg nia `ivbstobit oninebobit sbrv`mbs

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Qrust sbrv`mbs Crklbrneb sbrv`mbs

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Ktgbr inim`nh ]brv`mbs

 

ZN]Q OKIBP HNRIABS@IE MN]B] ABDNRHQBS CNIL

MN]B

D@IB

T`khntba R] snimkis ns mkimbnh c`hh`kis kd akhhnrs `i trnisnmkis dkr ]uani, @rni nia Mucn mh`bits

$7.0 c`hh`ki

Nhhkwba `tsbhd tk cb usba hnuiabr arue okiby kut kd Obx`mk nia ktgbr cnil`ie hnpsbs.

$>.03 c`hh`ki

T`khntba R] snimkis cy likw`iehy n`abaCuron cnilsdkr w`tg $307 o`hh`ki $2:: o`hh`ki `i Mucn, ]uani, H`cyn, @rni, okrb tgnt n abmnab. (>002 tk 3::4)

 

]tbps tnlbi cy Nonrmkra tk prbvbit okiby hnuiabr`ie

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Nonrmkra akbs ikt trnisnmt w`tg bibs chnmlh`stba cy tgb D`inim`nhh Nm D`inim`n Nmki ki Q Qnsl nsl Dkrmb (DN (DNQD). QD). Nonrmkra akbs ikt ak trnisnmki w`tg tbrrkr`st kreni`znki nia mkuitr`bs tgnt nrb ikt mkkpbrnvb `i tgb ehkcnh egt nen`ist okiby hnuiabr`ie nia tbrrk tbrrkr`st r`st inim`ie. Cnils prkpr`btnry skwnrb tgnt obmuhkushy oki`tkrs mnsg mko`ie drko Mnsg @itbis`vb Cus`ibss M@C h`lb mns`iks nia rbstnurnits nia Okiby ]brv`mb Cus`ibss O]C h`lb murrbimy bxmgnieb nia okiby trniso`brs

 

Zrkchbo stntbobit •

Or. Zbtbrski wnits tk mrbntb n systbo tk oki`tkr nmv`ty nia ontbr`nh bignimbobit `i tgb nrbn kd prba`mvb `s lbbi `i trnml`ie mustkobr ninhyms. spbia`ie Gb cbgnv`kr kvbr obCnils nia cu`ha`ie prkhbs. Gb wnits tk uimkvbr tgksb trnisnmie pnbris cy a`h`ebithy nia nmmurntbhy o`i`ie tgnt cb nutkonmnhhy mkhhbmtbatgb niaantn, stkrba `i sgkuha cnils rbpks`tkry. Qyp`mnh trnisnmki cbgnv`kr h`lb suaabi `ifbmki kd gueb nokuit kd mnsg tk cb neeba nia trbntba sbpnrntbhy.

 

]khut`ki •

Zrba`mvb antn ninhyms

 

]tbps `ivkhvba `i Zrba`mt`vb Antn ninhyt`ms Antn mkhhbmk i Antn mhbnis`ie

Antn ninhys`s

@is`egts

 

Antn mkhhbmt`ki •

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Antn mkhhbmki `s mnrr`ba kut drko tgb rbpks`tkry kd Nonrmkra cnil Qgb tkkhs h`lb ]^H nrb usba tk tk bxtrnmt antn drko tgb Nonrmkra cnil rbpks`tkry

 

Antn mhbnis`ie •

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Qgb cns`m mhbnis`ie kd Antn mni cb mnrr`ba kut cy Bxmbh Antn mhbnis`ie tbmgi`qubs nrb usba tk ebt r`a kd bxtrn spnmbs, sbhbmt nia trbnt nhh tgb chnil mbhhs, mkivbrt tgb iuocbr stkrba ns tbxt `i tk iuocbrs nia tk rbokvb auph`mntbs btm., Navnimba antn mhbnis`ie mni cb mnrr`ba kut cy S nia pytgki us`ie lii nhekr`tgo btm.,

 

Antn ninhys`s •

Sberbss`ki tbmgi`qubs (*)H`ibnr rberbss`ki okabh (*)Ouhiko`nh hke`sm rberbss`ki (*)Q`ob sbr`bs okabhs

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Onmg`ib hbnri`ie tbmgi`qubs (*)Abm`s`ki trbb ninhys`s (*)Iburnh Ibtwkrls

 

MN]B#3

 IbtEunra`nis6 Cbnt`ie Drnua Drko tgb @is`ab

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MN]B AB]MS@ZQ@KI Ndtbr abvbhkp`ie pkwbrduh skdtwnrb, ykuie bitrbprbiburs Snddnbh On`k nia Fkbh U`itbrbee, dkuiaba IbtEunra`nis IbtEunra`nis @i 3::5. Qgb`r `i `i`t`nh `t`nh `abn wns tk gbhp mkopni`bs `oprkvb sbmur`ty. (`) Kvbr t`ob, tgb twk bitrbprbiburs `oprkvba tgb`r tbmgikhke tbmgikhkey y nia abm`aba tk dkmus ki abdbnt`ie nia prbvbit`ie drnua `i cnil`ie, wgbrb tgbrb wns n enp `i tgb onrlbt. @i 3:>1 nrkuia $45 c`hh`ki wns hkst aub tk cnil`ie drnua, 5:% kd `t mkoo`ttba cy bophkybbs `is`ab tgb mkopniy. @i 3:>2 tgb mkopniy wns inoba n Enrtibr Mkkh Tbiakr, n wkrhaw`ab `iaustry rbmkei`t`ki dkr mkopni`bs tgnt kddbr tbmgikhke`bs kr skhut`kis tgnt nrb `iikvnt`vb, `opnmtduh nia `itr`eu`ie.

 

(``) @i tgb i`ib ybnrs s`imb tgby gna dkuiaba tgb`r mkopniy mkopniy,, Fkìh nia Snddnbh gna rn`sba $4 c`hh`ki `i twk rkuias kd duia`ie. Qgb mkopniy bophkyba nrkuia =: pbkphb `i S&Atgb kdd`mbs `i Bnst Lbiyn, nia Zkhnia. @t gna mustkobrs `i Ndr`mn, O`aahb nia]`ienpkrb Burkpb, nia wns crbnl`ie erkuia `i Ns`n (```) Ikw `t wns t`ob dkr Ibt Eunra`nis tk tnmlhb skob `opkrtnit strntbe`m abm`s`kis6 ]gkuha tgb mkopniy bxpnia tk ktgbr onrlbts; ]gkuha `t bxpnia `ts prkaumt kddbr`ie; Kr sgkuha `t dkmus ki erkw`ie `ts mustkobr cnsb (`v) Ugntbvbr tgb abm`s`ki, `t wkuha hbna tk n mgnieb `i cus`ibss okabh tgnt wkuha gnvb n s`ei`d`mnit `opnmt ki tgb mkopniy.

 

Ugnt @s D`inim`nh Drnua  Drnua `s n pbronibit tgrbnt `i tgb d`inimb `iaustry drnuauhbit nmt`v`ty tnlbs phnmb bvbry any. any. Mr`o`inhs tnlb navnitneb kd niy pkss`chb sbmur`ty crbnmg tk stbnh okiby kr antn. ]kobt`obs cy tgb bxpbrt gnmlbrs kr skobt`obs cy tgb `itbrinh bophkybbs. Qypbs kd drnuas

>. Kmmupnt`kinh drnua| O`lb 3. Antn tgbdt | Gbrvb Dnhm`ni` =. Mycbr drnua | nttnml ki Cniehnabsg Cnil cy gnmlbrs 1. Mrba`t mnra drnua. |Nh |Nhcbrt cbrt Ekiznhbz |12.4 o`hh`kis mrba`t & abc`t mnrs

 

Zrkd`h`ie tgb Drnuastbr •

Zrbssurb

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Kppkrtui`ty

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Snkinh`znki

 

]tnebs QK @IQBSZSBQ QGB DSNRA U@QG@I QGB QGB K KSENI@ SENI@VN VNQ@KI Q@KI >.

MN]B ]QNEB 6-

Ugbi tgb drnuastbr wns abv`s`ie tgb phkt

3. MKOO@Q ]QNEB 6-

Qgb drnuastbr wns mnuegt rba-gniaba mkoo`tt`ie tgb t gb mr`ob.

=. MK MKIM IMBN BNH H] ]Q QNE NEB B 6- ]pktt`ie tgb drnua ns tgb mr`o`inh tr`ba t r`ba tk mkimbnh gbr nmt`kis. 1. MK MKIT ITBS BSQ Q ]Q ]QNE NEB B 6- D`ia`ie kut nckut tgb drnua wgbi tgb drnuastbr tkkl stbps tk usb tgb stkhbi okiby. 2. MN MNQM QMG G] ]Q QNE NEB B 6- Kpbi`ie ni `ivbst`ent`ki tk trnml tgb mr`ob nia d`ia tgb t gb mr`o`inh. 4. MK MKIQ IQSK SKH H] ]Q QNEB NEB 6- @ophbobit`ie `itbrinh mkitrkh obnsurbs tk prbvbit duturb bvbits hba tk tgb `abit`d`mnt`ki kd `rrbeuhnr s`tunt`kis tgnt nhhkwba n drnua tk tnlb  phnmb.

 

 

D`ia`ie n I`mgb

 

GKU QK ABQBMQ QGB NCIKSONH CBGNT@KS]

Ninhyz`ie a`ddbrbit guoni

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cbgnv`kurs. Mrkss mgbml`ie `idkront`ki mkhhbmtba

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drko oniy a`ddbrbit mgniibhs. •

Abtbmt`ki kd niy uiusunh nmt`v`ty nia

ninhys`ie tgrkueg a`ddbrbit drnuauhbit mnsbs.

 

Kctn`i`ie Abbp Likwhbaeb •

Bxtrnmtba tgb Cbgnv`krnh pnbris.

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Qgby kbrba ]onrt mkitrkh kcfbmvbs

 

Qwk O Onrlbt nrlbt Q Qwk wk ]khut ]khut`ki `ki •

DrunaEunra`ni binchba cnils `i bobre`ie onrlbts tk egt drnua

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S`slEunra`ni gbhpba cnils `i onturb nia okrb rbeuhntba onrlbt naarbss rbeuhntkry rbqu`rbobits

 

MKOCNQQ MKOCN QQ@IE @IE KMMRZ KMMRZN NQ@KI Q@KINH NH DSNRA  Bhnst`m •

 U`tg tk kpbi skurmb prkfbmts sumg ns Bhnst`msbnrmg pnrt kd `tsgpkrtdkh`k, Bhnst`m n`oba gbhp mh`bits onlb sbisb kd tgb`r antn. ns Bhnst`msbnrm Bhnst`msbnrmg wns n rbnh-t`ob a`str`cutba sbnrmg nia ninhyt`ms bie`ib tgnt dnm`h`tntba duhh-tbxt sbnrmg, strumturba sbnrmg nia ninhyt`ms, nia nhh tgrbb `i mkoc`int`ki.   IbtEunra`nis IbtEunra`nis usba Bhnst`msbnrmg Bhnst`msbnrmg ns n sbnrmg bie`ib nia tk stkrb ttgb gb antn tgnt rbsuhtba drko tgb antn ui`d`mnt`ki prkmbss. @t wns tgb cnmlckib kd tgb ninhys`s npph`mnt`ki. •

Gnakkp

Gnakkp nhhkwba tgbo tk ninhyzb sk-mnhhba uistrumturba antn ” `oobisb nokuits kd `idkront`ki `i nhh skrts kd dkronts. Nt IbtEunra`nis, Gnakkp wns tgb`oobisb mkrb a`str`cutba prkmbss`ie bie`ib.antn Qgb mkopniy usba Gnakkp tk ninhyzb nokuits kd uistrumturba kctn`iba drko oniy a`ddbrbit skurmbs nia mgniibhs `i nhh skrts kd dkronts. Cbgnv`krnh ninhys`s

 IbtEunra`nis abvbhkpba `ts `ts kwi cbgnv`krnh ninhys` ninhys`ss skdtwnrb tk `ab `abit`dy it`dy ntyp`mnh nmt`v`t`bs. Fkìh abs`eiba tgb d`rst prktktypb, wg`mg cbmnob kib kd tgb mkopniy‐ss lby tkkhs dkr `itbrinh nua`t nia r`sl oki`tkr`ie, ns wbhh ns dkr mkopniy‐

`abit`dy`ie vuhibrnchb nrbns `is`ab mkopni`bs.  

ZB]QBH Ninhys` Ninhys`ss •

Zkh`t`mnh

Skhb kd Iki-Ekvbriobit Kreni`znt`ki, Kreni`znt`ki, M`v`h ]km`bty & Zrktbst Erkups ” Qgb mkuitry gns n v`crnit m`v`h skm`bty mkooui`ty nia  Ibteunra`nis cu`ha cu`ha cr`aebs w`tg tgbo nia nia sbbl kut nrbns kd mk-kpbrnt`kis. mk-kpbrnt`kis. M`v`h skm`bty e erkups rkups nrb `idhubit`nh `idhubit`nh ikt kihy `i pkh`my onl`ie  cut nhsk `i cu`ha`ie n skm`bty w`ab w`ab inrrnt`vb.

Bmkiko`mnh

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]`zb kd Ekvbriobit Cuaebts ” cktg Hkmnh Ekvbriobits nia Int`kinh Ekvbriobit ” Qgb ekvbriobit nt cktg int`kinh hbvbh nia hkmnh hbvbhs nrb ruii`ie abd`m`t cuaebts wg`mg `s ckkst`ie erkwtg `i tgb sgkrt tbro cut ony hbna tk `imrbnsb `i `idhnt`ki kvbr oba`uo tbro. Qgb ckia rnt`ie kd int`kinh ekvbriobit `s `ivbstobit ernab. ]km`nh Dnmtkrs

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Hbvbh kd ]km`nh Mkimbris & Nwnrbibss `i ]km`bty ” G`egbr hbvbh kd skm`nh mkimbris `i tgb skm`bty kdtbi rbsuht g`egbr mkisuobr nmt`v`so nia prbssurb drko iki-ekvbriobitnh kreni`znt`kis, & prbssurb erkups. Zkwbr ]trumturb `i ]km`bty ” Ibteunra`nis sgkuha mnrbduhhy ninhyzb cktg - Ugnt `s tgb pkwbr strumturb `i tgb skm`bty; Gkw `t `opnmts tgb abonia `i tgb bmkikoy. Dkr bxnophb tgb pkwbr strumturb `i R] bmkikoy `s shkwhy okv`ie tkwnras tgb khabr ebibrnt`ki ns tgnt ebibrnt`ki gns g`egbr a`spksnchb `imkob mkopnrb tk tgb ykuiebr ebibrnt`ki.

 

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Qbmgikhke`mnh Dnmtkrs

 

Qrnispnrbimy & A`e`tnh Ar`vb ” Ibteunra`nis mni usb a`e`tnh`znt`ki kd vnr`kus prkmbssbs tk kvbrmkob mkrrupt`ki `i tgb hkmnh bmkikoy. Bopkwbrobit kd ]upphy Mgn`i Znrtibrs ” Ibteunra`nis sgkuha ninhyzb nrbns wgbrb tbmgikhkey mni bopkwbr supphy mgn`i pnrtibrs. Qg`s mni gbhp Ibteunra`nis tk cr`ie `i okrb trnispnrbimy nia onlb supphy mgn`i okrb dhbx`chb.

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Hbenh Dnmtkrs

Nagbrbimb tk Mkooki Hnw ” @s tgb mkuitry dkhhkw`ie mkooki hnw wg`mg `s ui`dkro dkr nhh pnrt`bs ” wgbtgbr akobst`m kr `itbrint`kinh. @d tgbrb `s nrc`trnr`ibss `i tgb fua`m`nh prkmbss tgbi Ibteunra`nis mni‐t cb surb kd tgb  fuaeobits. - Bophkyobit Hnws ” Ugnt nrb tgb bophkyobit hnws `i tgb mkuitry nia nrb tgby mkis`stbit w`tg tgb cus`ibss okabh kd Ibteunra`nis. Dkr bxnophb Rcbr bophkyobit systbo `s ikt mkis`stbit w`tg Drbimg hnws nia `t `s dnm`ie mgnhhbiebs `i tgb mkuitry.

 

]UKQ ]UK Q NIN NINH HP]@] P]@] UBNLIB]]B]

]QSBIEQG] •

D`rst Okvbr Navnitneb.

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Kreni`znki Muhturb

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A`vbrsb Zrkaumt Zkrkh`k.

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Hnml kd Ukrl dkrmb a`vbrs`ty

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Hnml kd mr`mnh tnhbit

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]upbr`kr prkaumt nia sbrv`mbs qunh`ty. Skcust Akobsm Onrlbt.

 

QGSBNQ]

KZZKSQRI@Q@B]

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Mgnie`ie Qbmgikhkey Hniasmnpb Kppkrtui`bs `i Nafnmbit Onrlbts Nmmbss tk @itbrinkinh Qnhbit `i Ehkcnh Onrlbt

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Qgrbnts kd Ibw Bitrnits cbmnusb kd Sbaum`ie Mksts nia @imrbns`ie Bm`bim`bs  Ekvbriobit Sbeuhnkis nia Curbnumrnmy

 

DRQRSB ABM@]@KI] Ugntbvbr abm`s`ki tgb mkopniy tnlbs wkuha turi IbtEunra`nis `itk n a`ddbrbit mkopniy6>. IbtE IbtEunra`n unra`nis is mkuha dkmus ki mkit` mkit`iu`ie iu`ie w`tg `ts murr murrbit bit strntbey strntbey,, bimkurne`ie bimkurne`ie okrb mustkobrs tk usb `ts twk prkaumts ” Drnua Eunra`ni nia S`sl Eunra`ni ” wg`mg `t gna  cu`ht ki `ts IE ]mrbbibr skdtwnrb phntdkro. 3. Cy kddb kddbr`ie r`ie n sucsm sucsmr`pt`k r`pt`ki i sbrv`mb sbrv`mb,, tgb mkopniy mkopniy wkuha sbmurb sbmurb n okrb mkist mkistnit nit rbvbiub rbvbiub strbno, rntgbr tgni gnv`ie tk mkistnithy s`ei up ibw mustkobrs nia rbhy ki kib-kdd snhbs. =. Qgb mkop mkopniy niy mkuha kddbr kddbr cus`ibss cus`ibss prkmbss prkmbss kutskurm`i kutskurm`ie e nia `oprkvb `ts murrbit murrbit mkisuht`ie sbrv`mbs. 1. Mkhhb Mkhhbmt`ie mt`ie okrb okrb usb mnsbs mnsbs nia abvbhkp`ie abvbhkp`ie ibw mn mnpsuhb psuhbss tk cb phueeba `it `itk k tgb skdtwn skdtwnrb rb  phntdkro mkuha nhsk turi `itk ibw prkaumt kddbr`ies. kddbr`ies.

 

Mnsb# = Gnvb tbxt, w`hh Q Qrnvbh6 rnvbh6 mni N`rcic usb Sbv`bw tbxt antn tk kpt`o`zb prkd`ts

 

Mnsb# Mnrkh`ins gbnhtgmnrb systbo 6 mkisuobr ninhyt`ms

 

Mnrkh`ins gbnhtgmnrb systbo Cnmlerkuia

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 Kib kd tgb khabst gbnhtgmnrb sys systbo tbo `i tgb Ri`tba ]tntbs. ]brvb kvbr 3.3 o`hh`ki pnbits pbr ybnr nmrkss tgrbb stntbs (Ikrtg Mnrkh`in, ]kutg Mnrkh`in nia Ebkre`n ).  MG] kpbrntbs okrb tgni 0:: mnrb hkmnkis nia 5,101 h`mbisba cbas `i tgrbb stntbs stntbs,, `imhua`ie =0 gksp`tnhs.

 

MGNIEB] @I QGB R.]. GBNH GBNHQGMNSB QGMNSB ]P]QBO •

Dbb ”dkr-vnhub `istbna kd dbb-dkr-sbrv`mb6 Gksp`tnhs dnmba pbinhbs dkr

g`eg rbnao`ss`ki rntbs nia gksp`tnh-nmqu`rba mkia`kis. •

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Zgys`m`ni ]gkrtnebs6 Qgbrb wbrb rkueghy 3.2 pgys`m`nis pbr >::: pbkphb.  A`e`znki kd gbnhtgmnrb6 Gksp`tnhs tgnt sbrvba Oba`mnrb pnbit mkuha

rbmb`vb up tk n $3 o`hh`ki `imbivb dkr nakpie BOSs. •

]g` tk kutpnbit6 Zrkv`abrs bimkurneba pnbits tk sbbl mnrb v`n

kutpnbits dnm`h`bs ,kr bvbi v`n v`rtunh mgbmlups, rntgbr tgni nt g`egmkst trbntobit hkmnkis h`lb bobrebimy abpnrtobits. •

Ibw bitrnits6 Cy 3:>1,tgbrb wbrb >4:: wnhl-`i mh`i`ms `i tgb R.].,nia

tgb iuocbr wns bxpbmtba tk rbnmg ibnrhy =:::cy 3:>2.

 

MG] `ivbstba `i AN; •

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Qgbrb wns ni bitry kd mkisuobr tbmg mkopni`bs `itk tgb gbnhtgmnrb spnmb nia tgbrbdkrb MG] ibbaba ninhyms mnpnc`h`bs drko ni `iaustry phnybr tgnt tgb mkisuobr wkuha trust tk `itberntb tgb`r gbnhtgmnrb antn `i tgb duturb. Qgbrbdkrb, tgby wbit dkr AN. Okst kd AN‐s mnpnm`ty wns usba tk prkv`ab tkkhs `i krabr tk suppkrt MG]-nh`ntba gksp`tnhs `i abh`vbr`ie cbst cbst-`i-mhnss -`i-mhnss gbnhtgmnrb tk pnbits. AN abvbhkpba ninhymnh tkkhs dkr bv`abimb cnsba pkpuhnki gbnhtg oninebobit, pbrskinh`zba pbrskinh`zb a pnbit mnrb nia prba`mvb okabhh`ie.

 

A`mlski A`m lski NA NAT TNIM NIMBA BA NIN NINH HPQ@ PQ@M] M] •

 Hnuimgba `i 3:>> w`tg ni niiunh cuaebt kd $>1 o`hh`ki.

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5: stn skurmba drko tgb a`spnrntb `itbrinh ninhymnh erkups.

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 G`eg nc`h`ty tk ninhyzb tgb vnst nokuit kd antn `i tgb MG] ibtwkrl. MG] pnrtibrba w`tg dkur gbnhtgmnrb systbo nia @CO tk dkro Antn Nhh`nimb Mkhhnckrnki wg`mg dkmusba ki `oprkv`ie pkpuhnki gbnhtg cy mrbnie smnhnchb antn okabhs.  Qgb spbia`ie antn, nhkie w`tg ktgbr `iputs ,wbrb usba tk mrbntb n r`sl smkrb dkr nao`ba pnbits, wg`mg tgbi a`str`cutba tk akmtkrs nia ktgbr gbnhtgmnrb prkv`abrs tk rbpr`kr`zb mnrb abh`vbry.

 

LBP AN Z@HKQ] •

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 Onpp`ie Riabrsbrvba Mkooui`bs Mkooui`bs66 @t `s tk ikdy nt r`sl mkooui`bs nia `imrbnsb pr`onr`hy gbnhtg mnrb dnm`h`bs `i mbrtn`i nrbns. Zrba`mt tgb abokernpg`m kd pnbits nia h`lbh`gkka kd mbrtn`i bobrebim`bs. Mkst bbmvb nia bns`hy tk npph`bs tk ktgbr okabhs.  Sbaumb Sbnao`ss`kis6 G`eg abonia, G`eg cnren`i`ie pkwbr pkwbr,, bnsy tk ninhyzb nin hyzb nia arnw

mkimhus`ki. Qg`s okabh gna ni nmmurnmy rntb kd 50% `i prba`mie n pnbit‐s r`sl kd rbnao`ss`ki w`tg`i =: anys kd a`smgnreb. a`sm gnreb. •

Navnimb @hhibss Oninebobit6 @t gbhp pnbits w`tg mkophbx oba`mnh mkia`kis nvk`a

gksp`tnh stnys.uiibmbssnry Bnmg pnbitBA nss`eiba nppk`itobits. pk`itobits. Znbit dbbh bopkwbrba nia rbaumba v`s`ts. n tbno dkr np •

Znbit ]beobit Okabh6 @t gbhp pnbit rbmb`vb mnrb nia nmmbss bbmvb

mkooui`mnkis tk spbm`m ibba. @t mkhhbmt antn tgrkueg sbeobits dkr cbbr mkooui`mnki wg`mg gbhp tgbo tgb o tk ia g`eg r`sl pnbits qu`mlhy. qu`mlhy.

 

]ummbss kd an •

AN rbmb`vba tw`mb ns oniy rbqubsts ns `ts mnpnm`ty. AN sbrvba ikt kihy bxtbrinh mustkobrs (h`lb MG]-nh`ntba gksp`tnhs, Znybrs, Znbits nia Ekvbriobit), cut nhsk mustkobrs wgksb abonia dkr ninhyms qu`mlhy kutstr`ppba tgb `itbrinh tbno‐s mnpnm`ty.

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 >/=ra kd mh`i`mnh wkrl wns iki-stnianra, tgkueg AN kpbrntba ns n mkstmbitrb, `t uiabrtkkl nhh tgb strntbe`m `i`nvbs.  Qgb lby tk summbss kd AN wns mkiiu`ie mkoo`tobit tk cu`ha strkie rbhnkisg`ps w`tg tgb pgys`m`nis nia iursbs.  Qgb antn mkhhbmtba tgrkueg MG] ibtwkrl, mkhhbmtba nt oniy pk`its kd mnrb, wns usba nia niy durtgbr rbmkoobiankis nia tkkhs wbrb `ophbobitba cy pgys`m`nis.

 

Mnsb#

Gnvb tbxt, w`hh Qrnvbh6 Qrnvbh6 mni N`rcic usb Sbv`bw tbxt antn tk kpt`o`zb prkd`ts

 

UGNQ UGN Q @] N@SCI N@SCIC; C; N`rcic

`s ni kih`ib onrlbtphnmb mkiibmie trnvbhbrs w`tg hkmnh gksts.

Zhnkro

tgnt binchbs pbkphb tk h`st tgb`r

nvn`hnchb spnmb nia bnri bxtrn `imkob `i tgb dkro kd rbit. @t

nhsk binchbs trnvbhbrs tk ckkl ui`qub gkob stnys drko hkmnh gksts, snv`ie tgbo okiby nia e`v`ie tgbo n mgnimb tk `itbrnmt `itbrnmt w`tg hkmnhs.

Mntbr`ie

tk tgb ki abonia trnvbh `iaustry, N`rcic `s prbsbit `i kvbr >0: mkuitr`bs nmrkss tgb wkrha.

 

@IQBSB]Q@IE DNMQ] •

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Dkuiabrs6 Intgni Chbmgnrmzyl, Fkb Ebcc`n nia Cr`ni Mgbsly. Duia`ie rbmb`vba6 $1.1C (Q`hh Abmbocbr 3:>5) Mkopniy vnhunki6 $=> C`hh`ki Zrbsbit `i =1,:::+ m`bs nmrkss >0:+ mkuitr`bs. Gnv`ie >.3 O`hh`ki h`sies, tgb mkopniy gns sbrvba kvbr =2 O`hh`ki eubsts. Gbnaqunrtbrs6 ]ni Drnim`smk, Mnh`dkri`n, R]N. >1:,:::+ pbkphb stny nt ni N`rcic h`stba phnmb bvbryany.

 

TNHRB ZSKZK]@Q@KI] •

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Binchbs kwibrs tk h`st tgb`r spnmb ki tgb phnkro nia bnri rbitnh okiby. N`rcic prkv`abs `isurnimb tk h`stba prkpbrbs. E`vbs mgbnp kpkis tk trnvbhbrs tk stny w`tg hkmnh gksts.

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Dnm`h`tntbs tgb prkmbss kd ckkl`ie h`v`ie spnmb dkr trnvbhbrs. •

Snie nia rbv`bw systbo dkr gksts nia eubsts.

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Rsbr-dr`biahy npp nia wbc cnsba strumturb.

 

MR]QKOBS ]BEOBIQ] ABD@I@IE N@SCIC‐] CR]@IB]] OKABH

 

GKU N@SCIC N@SCIC UKSL]; >

3

=

1

2

>. Gksts Gksts h`s h`stt k kut ut tgb`r prkpbrty abtn`hs ki N`rcic nhkie w`tg ktgbr dnmtkrs h`lb pr`m`ie, nobi`bs prkv`aba btm.

N`rcic sbias n prkdbss`kinh pgktkernpgbr (`d nvn`hnchb) tk tgb prkpbrty hkmnki `i krabr tk tnlb g`eg qunh`ty pgktkernpgs.

Qrnvbhhbrs Qrnvbhhbrs sbnrmg dkr n prkpbrty `i tgb m`ty wgbrb tgby w`sg tk stny nia crkwsb nvn`hnchb kpkis nmmkra`ie tk pr`mb, nobi`bs btm

Ckkl`ie `s onab tgrkueg N`rcic wgbrb trnvbhhbr pnys tgb nokuit

Gkst npprkvbs tgb ckkl`ie. Qrnvbhhbr stnys tgbrb nia inhhy

obikiba cy gkst nia skob naa`kinh okiby ns trnisnmki mgnrebs.

N`rcic pnys tgb nokuit tk tgb gkst nbr abaumie tgb`r mkoo`ss`ki.

 

Sbvbiub okabh6 Gkw N`rcic onlbs okiby; •

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N`rcic kbrs drbb h`sies tk prkpbrty kwibrs nia hbt‐s trnvbhhbrs crkwsb tgb h`stba spnmbs nia sbhbmt tgb kib wg`mg cbst su`ts tgb`r ibbas ki tgb phnkro. Qgb cus`ibss okabh kd N`rcic `s sumg tgnt tgb ckkl`ie nia okibtnry trnisnmkis nrb akib ki N`rcic‐s phnkro. Qg`s `s drko wgbrb tgb mkopniy bnris `ts sgnrb kd rbvbiub drko 3 a`brbit skurmbs wg`mg gnvb cbbi bxphn`iba cbhkw6 Mkoo`ss`ki drko Zrkpbrty Kwibrs (Gksts)6 N`rcic mgnrebs nt >:% mkoo`ss`ki drko gksts upki bvbry ckkl`ie akib tgrkueg tgb phnkro. Qrnisnmki dbb drko Qrnvbhhbrs (Eubsts)6 N`rcic mgnrebs =% kd tgb ckkl`ie nokuit ns trnisnmki mgnrebs drko

trnvbhhbrs upki bvbry mkiroba ckkl`ie.  

Gkw N`rcic d`ias mustkobrs; Qgb onfkr skurmbs tk nmmuouhntb gksts nia trnvbhbrs `imhuab6 ]km`nh Oba`n •

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Ukra kd Okutg A`e`tnh Onrlbie `imhua`ie @itbribt nas. Zrkokkinh kbrs Nh`ntb Okabh / Sbdbr nia bnri kbrs

 

Lby prkchbos nia ]khut`kis Qrust Zrkchbo6 •

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Qgb c`eebst prkchbo dnmba cy trnvbhbrs kr gksts us`ie N`rcic `s tgb trust dnmtkr. Nbr nhh e`v`ie ykur spnmb tk n strniebr ns n gkst nia h`v`ie w`tg strniebrs nt tgb`r phnmb ns n trnvbhhbr o`egt ikt cb bnsy. Cut tgb vbr`mnki prkmbss `s `i phnmb dkr bvbry gkst nia trnvbhbr ki `ts phnkro. Npnrt drko tgb vbr`mnki cnaeb, N`rcic nhsk okvntbs pbkphb tk s`ei up w`tg tgb`r Dnmbckkl nmmkuit kr nt hbnst h`il `t w`tg tgb`r nmmkuit dkr cbbr trnispnrbimy. Qg`s `s ikt nhh. @i mnsb skobtg`ie ekbs

Qrnvbhbr Sbtbiki6 •

Niktgbr prkchbo cb`ie dnmba `s tgb rbtbiki prkchbo. @i krabr tk erkw, tgb mkopniy ibbas tk rbtn`i `ts trnvbhhbrs sk tgnt tgby ak ikt mgkksb n gktbh ki tgb`r ibxt vnmnkis. @i krabr tk rbtn`i tgbo, `t e`vbs kbrs, prkokkinh mkabs nia mrba`ts tk drbqubit trnvbhbrs. Ns n skhuki tk tg`s prkchbo, `t nhsk sbias sumg prkokkis tk gksts ns tk okvntb tgbo tk tnlb n vnmnki nia stny `i ni

wrkie, ni `isurnimb pkh`my `s nvn`hnchb tkk.

N`rcic nt tgb`r dnvkur`tb absinki.

 

Entgbr`ie Antn •

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N`rcic wns ui`qub, gkwbvbr, `i tgnt nhh `ts h`sies wbrb hkmntba `i kib phnmb, `ts wbcs`tb. Qg`s onab `t ni `abnh mnia`antb dkr mkhhbmie hnreb nokuits kd tbxt antn us`ie n wbc-smrnp`ie tkkh nia rbprbsbitba n wny dkr tgb mkopniy‐s onrlbie tbno tk en`i ni navnitneb ki `ts dnst-erkw`ie mkopbki. Rs`ie Qg`s Antn `t onab tbxt o`i`ie Zkss`chb dkr cbbr ninhys`s dkr tgb cbbr cus`ibss okabhn nia erkwtg kppkrtui`ty. Nhtgkueg tbxt o`i`ie tkkhs shh gna tgb`r h`o`tnkis ns kd 3:>2, tgby wbrb cbmko`ie sonrtbr any cy any,nia tgb hntbst pnmlnebs wbrb mnpnchb kd skpg`smntba sbiobit ninhys`s tgnt mkuha turi wr`bi wkras `itk quninchb mkisuobr prbdbrbimbs.

 

Ninhys`ie ]bit`obits nia Abvbhkpobit kd Sbvbiub Okabh •

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@i tg`s Sberbss`ki ibbas tk cb akib dkr tgb prkaum`ie n rbvbiub okabh cnsba ki nhh tgb antn nvn`hnchb cut `t wns ikt `i usnchb dkro. Gbimb qanp `i S wns usba dkr mkivbrs`ki kd mustkobr sbiobits `itk iuobr`mnh vnhubs. Rs`ie qanp `i S, tgb N`rcic onrlbie tbno gna twk kpkis wgbi abtbro`i`ie gkw tk rbprbsbit sbiobit `i `ts okabh6 erniuhnr (b.e., nt tgb t gb hbvbh kd bnmg rbv`bw) nia g`eg hbvbh (b.e., us`ie ouhphb rbv`bws). rbv`bws).Qgb Qgb tbno `i tg`s mnsb sbhbmtba tgb g`eg-hbvbh ninhys`s nia bhbmtba tk mrbntb n pkhnr`ty obtr`m tk rbprbsbit sbiobit. Qgb qanp `i S pkhnr`ty nhekr`tgo usba n prb-spbm`ba a`mkinry kd pks`vb nia ibenvb wkras, ns wbhh ns mkitbxt sg`brs‑wkras nrkuia tgb pks`vb nia ibenvb wkras. Qgb pkhnr`ty smkrbki mkoputba tgb wb`egtba kd pks`vb nia ibenvb wkras `i n sbitbimb, nia tgb wb`egts wbrb abpbiabit tgb mkoc`inki kd tgbnvbrneb wkras nia tgb mkitbxt sg`brs. Dkr bxnophb, `d n rbv`bwbr stntba, ‘I`mkhns `s n erbnt gkst bvbrytg`ie wns pbrdbmt nia tgb nt `s nonz`ie nia tgb hkmnki `s erbnt `i n qu`bt nrbn mhksb tk tgb sucwny @ wkuha abi`tbhy mkob cnml gbrb,‟ tgb pkhnr`ty nhekr`tgo, nbr prbprkmbss`ie, rbmkei`zba ‘erbnt,‟ ‘pbrdbmt,‟ ‘nonz`ie,‟ ‘erbnt‟ nen`i, nia ‘qu`bt‟ ns pks`vb wkras. @t `abiba ik ibenvb wkras nia prkaumba n pkhnr`ty smkrb kd >.33

Kimb n iuobr`mnh vnhub wns nss`eiba tk tgb sbiobit prbsbit `i bnmg rbv`bw, N`rcic s onrlbie oninebrs mkuha usb `t ns n vnr`nchb `i n rberbss`ki ninhys`s abs`eiba tk kpo`zb rbvbiubs fust ns `t wkuha niy ktgbr vnr`nchb.  

Kpt`o`z`ie Zr`mb nia Cbykia •

Rs`ie tg`s N`rcic‐s onrlbie tbno wns nchb tk `oprkvb `ts usbrs‐ pbrdkronimb sk `t mkuha rbnp tgb cbibts kd kiek`ie gkst nia rbitbr dbbs.

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Rignppy gkst wkuha hbna tk onrlbtphnmb, ikt h`sie tgbsumg prkpbrbs w`tg N`rcic `i n mkopbvb nia curebki`ie nr`ki mkuha cb abvnstnie. •

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Cnsba ki tgb ninhys`s tgb N`rcic onrlbie tbno mkuha kbr tk `oprkvb `ts usbrs‐ bxpbr`bimb. Cnsba ki sbiobitnh rbv`bws kd tgb v`s`tkrs `t mni rnil tgb gkst. Qg`s mni e`vb tgb rbe`ki spbm`m strntbey h`lb `i tg`s mnsb dkr Znr`s nia O`no`. Qg`s Mkuha sueebst kponh pr`m`ie dkr gksts, kr sueebst ktgbr wnys gksts mkuha

`oprkvb kvbrnhh bnri`ies nia mntbr sbrv`mbs.  

Nh`cncn‐s Drbizy6 Bxpnia`ieErkwtg cy nmqu`r`ie

Erkup Ik. ” = Nlsg`tn Ong`iarn

(2:>7:1:: (2:>7:1::7) 7)

Nsg`on (2:>7:1:33) Obagnv` Rpnagynyn (2:>7:1:1>)  

@itrkaumt`ki •

Qgb mkopniy wns bstnch`sgba `i >000 cy Fnml On.

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Nh`cncn `s hbna`ie Mg`in‐s `itbribt cus`ibss.

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Kpbrnt`ie 32 cus`ibss ui`ts nia bophky`ie =1::: pbkphb. Ndtbr >2 ybnrs `t gna tgb hnrebst `i`t`nh puch`m kddbr`ie (@ZK) w`tg ni kddbr`ie pr`mb nt R]$32  c`hh`ki. @i 3:>3 Nh`cncn sg`dtba ebnrs nia okvba drko kreni`m erkwtg nia pnrtibrsg`ps tk g`eg-spbba erkwtg cy nmqu`r`ie d`ros `i mkophbobitnry tbmgikhkey d`bhas sumg ns d`inimb, gbnhtgmnrb, trnvbh nia bitbrtn`iobit.

 

B-mkoobrmb Ckko •

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@i 3:>3 tgb Ckstki Mkisuht`ie Erkup stntbs tgnt Mg`in‐s @itbribt bmkikoy wns  cbmko`ie kib kd tgb tkp `iaustr`bs `i Mg`in, hnrebr tgni trna`t`kinh `iaustr`bs sumg ns rbnh bstntb, baumnt`ki nia hke`st`ms. Qgb mkuitry‐s kih`ib trna`ie s`zb rbnmgba 3:.7 tr`hh`ki SOC `i 3:>2 w`tg n ybnr-kiybnr `imrbnsb kd 35%. Qgb kih`ib rbtn`h onrlbt nokuitba tk =.77 tr`hh`ki SOC w`tg n ybnr-ki-ybnr `imrbnsb kd ==.=% nia kmmup`ba >:.7% kd int`kinh mkisuobr ekkas rbtn`h snhbs `i 3:>2. Kih`ib sgkpp`ie wns ni `itbernh pnrt `i pbkphb‐s an`hy h`db. @i 3:>2 nrkuia gnhd kd Mg`ibsb pkpuhnt`ki wbrb @itbribt usbrs Nokie oniy kih`ib sgkpp`ie phntdkros, Qnkcnk mrbntba cy Nh`cncn `i 3::= wns tgb hnrebst `i tgb mkuitry. @i tgb bia kd 3:>=, `t gna =5: o`hh`ki rbe`stbrba usbrs nia 3.43 o`hh`ki rbe`stbrba vbiakrs.

 

Tbiturb Mnp`tnh (TM) Biv`rkiobit •

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@i 3:>2, Mg`in‐s TM biv`rkiobit wns tgr`v`ie nia prko`s`ie w`tg kvbr =::: `ivbstkrs `ifbmt`ie kvbr R]$>5 o`hh`ki mnp`tnhs `i tgb onrlbt. Nhtgkueg tgbrb wns n akwituri `i 3:>3 nia 3:>=, tgb okobituo p`mlba up arnst`mnhhy `i 3:>1 cbmnusb kd ckko`ie kd tgb @itbribt `iaustry. @i 3:>2, tgb @itbribt `iaustry ncskrcba =>% kd nhh TM `ivbstobits.

 

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Nh`cncn, Cn`au nia Qbimbit (CNQ) ” tgb tgrbb ako`init @itbribt mkopni`bs `i Mg`in ” phnyba n rkhb ns hkmnh TM. Mkopnr`ie w`tg tgb navnimb onrlbt h`lb tgb R], Mg`in‐s TM biv`rkiobit wns st`hh `oonturb nia uiprkdbss`kinh. Qgb smnhb kd pr`vntb bqu`ty (ZB) ” TM `imhuaba ” `i tgb R] wns tbi t`obs tgnt kd Mg`in nt tgb bia kd 3:>1. Zbis`ki wns tgb hnrebst phnybr `i R] ZB onrlbt nmmkuit`ie dkr 32.=% kd tgb mnp`tnh, wg`hb pr`vntb mnp`tnh nmmkuitba dkr >=.0% `i 3:>1. @i Mg`in‐s ZB onrlbt, gkwbvbr, tgb on`i phnybr wns pr`vntb mnp`tnh, nia ikt uit`h 3::7 tgb skm`nh `isurnimb duia wns nhhkwba `itk tgb ZB onrlbt w`tg mbrtn`i mkistrn`its. Okrbkvbr, tgbrb wbrb kihy h`o`tba wnys dkr ZB tk w`tgarnw mnp`tnh `i Mg`in nia @ZK wns tgb on`i obtgka .

 

  Nh`cncn's Bxpnis`ki ]trntbey •

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Qgb erkup mkopniy dkuiaba sbvbrnh s`stbr mkopni`bs nhkies`ab Nh`cncn.mko nia Qnkcnk.mko tk mrkss-sbhh nia mrkss-onrlbt bnmg ktgbr‐s sbrv`mbs nia kddbr pnmlneba abnhs. Qgb d`rst >3 ybnrs kd Nh`cncn's erkwtg wns mgnrnmtbr`zba ns ni kreni`m erkwtg n`o`ie tk cu`ha n strkie `itbrabpbiabit bmksystbo. Nh`cncn's erkwtg npprknmg stnrtba tk sg`dt nia cy 3:>= tgb obrebrs nia nmqu`s`t`kis (O&N) bxpnis`ki okab wns w`tgkut akuct tgb ako`init erkwtg obmgni`so.

 

Bnrhy Nmqu`s`t`kis Cbdkrb 3:>= Nh`cncn nhsk `ivbstba `i ktgbr mkopni`bs, pnrt`muhnrhy `i rbhntba nia mkophbobitnry sbrv`mbs nia phntdkros. @ts `ivbstobit `i tg`s stneb mkimbitrntba ki twk pnrts6 •

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Nmqu`s`t`kis nia strntbe`m `ivbstobit dkmus`ie ki b-mkoobrmb, `imhua`ie b-mkoobrmb suppkrt, mkrpkrntb skhut`kis dkr b-mkoobrmb vbiakrs nia hke`st`ms. Nmqu`s`t`kis kd b-mkoobrmb mkopbt`tkrs sumg ns P`pn`.mm, wgksb onrlbt sgnrb Nh`cncn duhhy tkkl kvbr.

 

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Nh`cncn nhsk crknahy mkhhnckrntba w`tg mkoobrm`nh cnils tk prkv`ab ]OBs hknis nia tk nhhkw `ts mustkobrs tk pny w`tg Nh`pny ” Nh`cncn‐s duhhy kwiba pnyobit skhut`ki. Nh`cncn pnrtibrba w`tg Mg`in Obrmgnits Cnil tk mkiibmt Nh`pny w`tg tgb cnil‐s systbo, onab strntbe`m pnrtibrsg`p w`tg M`t`m Cnil tk kddbr qu`ml pny duimt`ki w`tg uih`o`tba nokuit, nia mkhhnckrntba mkhhnckrntba w`tg Cnil kd Mkooui`mnt`kis tk kddbr bhbia`ie prkaumts tk ]OBs. Nhh `i nhh, tgbsb bnrhy nmqu`s`t`kis nia pnrtibrsg`ps bxpniaba Nh`cncn‐s bx`st`ie bmksystbo nia prkv`aba okrb mkoprbgbis`vb sbrv`mbs tk `ts mh`bits.

 

Obrebrs nia Nmqu`s`t`kis •

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Qgb iuocbr kd Nh`cncn‐s `ivbstobits gna `imrbnsba s`imb 3::2, bxmbpt `i 3:>3 tgnt Nh`cncn wns prbpnr`ie tk ek puch`m. ]`imb 3:>=, cktg tgb iuocbr kd `ivbstobits nia tgb nokuit pbr `ivbstobit sgkwba ni uiprbmbabitba `imrbnsb. Nh`cncn‐s tktnh `ivbstobit nokuit `i 3:>= wns nckut R]$>.=5 c`hh`ki nia `i 3:>1, tgb iuocbr rksb tk ns g`eg ns R]$>5 c`hh`ki. Okst kd tgb `ivbstobits tnrebtba akobst`m bitrbprbibur`nh `itbribt-rbhntba bitbrpr`sbs nia wbrb b`tgbr TM-sbr`bs (vbiturb ( vbiturb rkuia) N kr nmqu`s`t`kis.

 

Kvbrsbns @ivbstobit •

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@i Onrmg nia Npr`h 3:>1 Nh`cncn `ivbstba R]$3:: o`hh`ki nia R]$3>2 o`hh`ki `i ]I] Npp ]inpmgnt nia Qniek, nia R]$32: o`hh`ki `i r`ab-sgnr`ie Npp Hydt. @ivbstobits `i Qniek niansHydt wns cbh`bvba strbietgbiba Nh`cncn‐s prbsbimb `i tgb R] okc`hb sbmtkr ns wbhh tk gnvb bxpniabatk`tsgnvb rbnmg kut kd Mg`in. Npnrt drko tgbsb mkopni`bs, Nh`cncn nhsk `ivbstba `i R] gbnhtg nia enob abs`ei sbmtkr. @i ktgbr mkuitr`bs, Nh`cncn `ivbstba `i @ia`n tg`ra-pnrty pnyobit supph`br Znyto nia stnrtup b- mkoobrmb phntdkro ]inpabnh. Ndtbr tgb sbmkia rkuia kd d`inim`ie cy Nh`cncn, Znyto wns vnhuba nt R]$3.2 c`hh`ki, cbmko`ie kib kd tgb okst vnhunchb stnrtups `i @ia`n. Nh`cncn cu`ht ]O@HB phntdkro `i @ia`n 3:>2 tk prkv`ab hbia`ie, hke`st`m nia tbmgi`qub sbrv`mbs dkr @ia`ni ]OBs. Nh`cncn nhsk `ivbstba `i hke`st`m sbrv`mb mkopniy ]`ienpkrb Zkst tk prkv`ab Mg`ibsb

mkisuobrs w`tg okrb mkivbi`bit nia dnstbr kvbrsbns sbrv`mbs.

 

@ivbstobit ]bmtkrs 3:>= onrlba Nh`cncn‐s `ivbstobit strntbey bitbr`ie n ibw stne`ie ” `ivbst`ie w`tg hnrebr nokuit `i hbss onturb mkopni`bs nia okrb a`vbrsb d`bhas. •

@itbribt-rbhntba @itbribt-rb hntba Cus`ibss6 Qgb ki-abonia bmkikoy, nhsk likwi ns kih`ib-tk-kddh`ib (K3K) b-

mkoobrmb, `s ebnrba tk abh`vbr erbntbr mkivbi`bimb tk mkisuobrs nia okrb snhbs kppkrtui`t`bs dkr rbtn`hbrs nia sbrv`mb prkv`abrs cy onrry`ie okc`hb @itbribt tbmgikhkey w`tg trna`t`kinh  cr`ml-nia-okrtnr stkrbs. •

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Okc`hb npps h`lb Nh`pny nia Okc`hb Qnkcnk hbt usbrs pny bhbmtrki`mnhhy `i pgys`mnh sgkps, krabr okv`b t`mlbts, ckkl trnispkrtnt`ki, nia cuy obrmgnia`sb kih`ib. Nh`cncn nhokst `ivbstba `i bvbry okauhb kd tgb @itbribt d`bha, `imhua`ie skm`nh ibtwkrl`ie systbo (]I]) Okok Npp ” Ub`ck (nhsk likwi ns tgb tw`ttbr `i Mg`in), hkmnt`ki-cnsba sbrv`mbs h`lb EZ] inv`ent`ki NONZ ” Lun`a` Qnx`, kih`ib trnvbh`ie nebimy qybr.mko, kih`ib ous`m supph`br QQZKA nia W`no` ous`m, tgb @itbribt sbmur`ty sbrv`mb supph`br HCB ]bmur`ty, antn ninhys`s sbrv`mb mkopniy uobie.mko, vk`mb navbrt`sbobit sbrv`mb mkopniy quq`nkq`nk.mko,

nia kvbrsbns okc`hb npph`mnt`ki abvbhkpobit mkopniy ^u`xby.

 

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Hke`st`ms6  Nh`cncn `ivbstba gbnv`hy `i cktg akobst`m nia kvbrsbns hke`st`m mkopni`bs, `imhua`ie tgb R]$=4: o`hh`ki `ivbstobit `i Gn`rb tk sokktg tgb hnreb ekkas abh`vbry nia tgb R]$310 o`hh`ki `ivbstobit `i ]`ienpkrb Zkst tk bstnch`sg ni `itbrint`kinh b-mkoobrmb hke`st`m phntdkro. Nh`cncn sbt up `ts kwi hke`st`m  phntdkro Mn`i`nk hke`st`m, nia ui`tba ktgbr akobst`m hke`st`m mkopni`bs tk cu`ha

Mg`in ]onrt Hke`st`m Ibtwkrl, kpbrntba cy Mn`i`nk. Npnrt drko tgb hke`st`ms, Nh`cncn `ivbstba `i kvbrsbn b-mkoobrmb tbmgi`qub sbrvbr ]NN], Nobr`mni spkrts b-mkoobrmb supph`br ]gkp Suiibr, pr`mb mkopnr`ski nia prkaumt sbnrmg`ie  phntdkro =4:]gkp nia sk ki. •

Kddh`ib-rbtn`h6  Nh`cncn `ivbstba R]$1=:> o`hh`ki `i ]ui`ie, n gkusbgkha

bhbmtr`mnh npph`nimbs vbiakr, nia R]$5=4 o`hh`ki `i @it`ob @i t`ob rbtn`h, kib kd tgb hnrebst sgkpp`ie onhh kpbrntkrs `i Mg`in.

 

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Muhturb nia Bitbrtn`iobit6 @i d`ho prkaumt`ki, Nh`cncn nmqu`rba Mg`in T`s`ki Oba`n Erkup w`tg R]$7:3.= o`hh`ki nia `itberntba `t `itk `ts kwi cus`ibss okauhb inoba Nh` Z`mturb. Qgbi Nh`cncn onab strntbe`m `ivbstobit `i Guny` Crks. Oba`n Erkup. Nh`cncn nmqu`rba Gkie Lkie ]kutg Okri`ie Zkst w`tg R]$344 o`hh`ki, nia onab strntbe`m `ivbstobit `i tgb d`inim`nh ibws oba`n P`mn`.mko nia a`e`tnh oba`n UN]R Oba`n Erkup. Nh`cncn nmqu`rba Pkulu-Quaku Pkulu-Quaku kih`ib v`abk (Mg`in‐s P PkuQucb) kuQucb) w`tg R]$24,::: o`hh`ki, wg`mg crklb tgb rbmkra kd nmqu`s`t`ki nokuit `i tgb @itbribt d`bha. Nh`cncn nhsk

nmqu`rba Ous`m. twk kih`ib ous`m phntdkros tk `itberntb `itk `ts kwi ous`m phntdkro inoba Nh` •

Gbnhtg6 Nh`cncn `ivbstba `i M@Q@M 3> MI w`tg R]$>5: o`hh`ki `i 3:>1, nmqu`rba 21.=% kd `ts stkml, nia `itberntba `t `itk `ts kwi cus`ibss inoba Nh` Gbnhtg. Qgb nmqu`s`t`ki kd M@Q@M 3> MI nhhkwba Nh`cncn tk gnvb n h`mbisb tk sbhh oba`m`ib kih`ib nia trnml

oba`mnh kd mkisuobrs. Nh`cncn w`tg M@Q@M 3> Ndtbr MI wbrb phnii`ie kd tk bstnch`sg antn n stnianra `idkront`ki systbo tkebtgbr dkr Mg`in‐s gbnhtg sbmtkr. tgb nmqu`s`t`ki M@Q@M 3> MI, Nh`cncn `ivbstba `i Euniezgku Cn`yuisgni Zgnronmbut`mnh Gkha`ies `i krabr tk crknabi `ts b-mkoobrmb cus`ibss `itk tgb gbnhtg sbmtkr cy nmqu`r`ie gksp`tnh, akmtkr, nia h`mbisba pgnronm`st rbskurmbs.

 

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D`inimb6 Nh`cncn stnrtba `ts `ivbstobit `i tgb d`inim`nh sbmtkr `i 3:>=. @i krabr tk rbhbnsb tgb okiby onrlbt duia prkaumt sbrvba w`tg Nh`pny, Nh`cncn `ivbstba R]$>7: o`hh`ki `i Q`niGkie Duia Oninebobit. Qgbi Nh`cncn `ivbstba `i Z3Z (pbbr tk pbbr hbia`ie) mkopniy ppan`.mko, wg`mg wns kib kd tgb okst pkpuhnr  cus`ibss okauhbs `i tgb @itbribt d`inimb sbmtkr `i Mg`in. Ndtbr Nh`cncn bstnch`sgba

`ts ndd`h`ntb Nit D`inim`nh Nit D`inim`nh `ivbstba `i ACNssbt Duia,Bxmgnieb, qudbiq`.mko (`itbribt mkisuobr hbia`ieErkup, nia `istnhhobit), Q`nif`i D`inim`nh nia Zkstnh ]nv`ie Cnil kd Mg`in.

 

Nh`cncn Nh`cn cn nia Qbimbit Qbimbit •

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@i Npr`h 3:>=, Nh`cncn `ivbstba o`hh`kis Puni `i tnx` ckkl`ie sonrt-pgkib Npp Lun`a` Qnx` (s`o`hnr tk Rcbr), dkuiaba `i Ony 3:>3 `i Gniezgku. Qgbi Lun`a` gna nhrbnay nmqu`rba kvbr =::,::: usbrs, =:,::: ar`vbrs nia ibnrhy 3:,::: an`hy trnisnmt`kis< okrb tgni 5:% tnx` ar`vbrs `i Gniezgku wbrb us`ie tgb Npp. Nt tgb bia kd 3:>=, tgb iuocbr kd an`hy trnisnmt`kis `imrbnsba tk 2::,:::, nia `i Dbcrunry 3:>1, tgb iuocbr `imrbnsba tk 4 o`hh`ki, wg`mg dkrmba Lun`a` tk okvb `ts  cnmlstneb systbo tk N`yui (Nh`cncn Mhkua sbrv`mb) tk abnh w`tg arnst`m trnisnmt`ki vkhuob. @i tgb obnit`ob, niktgbr tnx` ckkl`ie sonrt-pgkib Npp A`a` Qnx` dkuiaba `i Fuib 3:>3 `i Cb`f`ie wns nhsk ckko`ie. @i 3:>=, Qbimbit `ivbstba R]$>2 o`hh`ki `i A`a` Qnx` mkopbt`ie nen`ist Lun`a` Qnx` tk cb tgb onrlbt hbnabr hbnabr.. Qbimbit w`tg A`a` Qnx` nia Nh`cncn w`tg Lun`a` Qnx` `i tktnh ‘curiba‟ nckut R]$=41.7

o`hh`ki `i gnhd n ybnr drko Dbcrunry 3:>1 tk Nueust 3:>1.

 

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Lun`a` Qnx` nia A`a` Qnx` wbrb mkopbt`ie tk nttrnmt okrb nagbs`vb Npp usbrs, cut bssbit`nhhy `t wns tgb mkopbt`t`ki cbtwbbi tgb twk tg`ra-pnrty pnyobit phntdkros6 Nh`cncn‐s Nh`pny nia Qbimbit‐s Ubmgnt-pny. Qgrkueg mgnie`ie usbr‐s gnc`t tk ebt n tnx` (drko wn`t`ie dkr n tnx` ki tgb strbbt tk ckkl n tnx` us`ie ni Npp), Nh`cncn nia Qbimbit n`oba tk nhtbr mkisuobrs‐ ‘pny cy mnsg‟ gnc`t nia mrbntb tgb usbr-dr`biahy ‘pny cy okc`hb‟ bxpbr`bimb. Rs`ie tg`s mkivbi`bit ‘pny cy okc`hb‟ mkisuo`ie bxpbr`bimb, tgbsb @itbribt e`nits wnitba tk mrbntb mustkobr hkynhty tk tgb`r b-pnyobit sbrv`mb. Niktgbr rbnski dkr ‘curi`ie‟ sk oumg mnsg wns tgnt Nh`pny nia Ubmgnt-pny en`iba oumg  puch`m bxpksurb w`tgkut niy navbrt`sbobit, wg`mg snvba tgb mkopni`bs hkts kd okiby dkr tgb prkokt`ki. @i Dbc 3:>1, Rcbr niikuimba tk bitbr tgb Mg`ibsb onrlbt. Rcbr‐s prbsbimb `i Mg`in onab tgb mkopbt`t`ki cbtwbbi tnx` Npps bvbi okrb d`brmb. @i krabr tk snvb rbskurmbs nia mkopbtb nen`ist Rcbr, Lun`a` Qnx` nia A`a` Qnx` obreba `i Dbcrunry 3:>2 nakpt`ie n mk-MBK oninebobit systbo. Qgb bst`ontba vnhub kd A`a`-lun`a` Qnx` Npp wns R]$4 c`hh`ki, nia `t tkkl up nckut 7:%

onrlbt sgnrb nokie nhh tnx` ckkl`ie Npps `i Fuib 3:>2.

 

Mkimhus`ki •

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Nh`cncn gna erkwi drko ni npnrtobit stnrtup tk kib kd tgb wkrha‐s hnrebst @itbribt mkopni`bs w`tg`i fust >2 ybnrs. @i n dnst-erkw`ie bmkikoy w`tg pkh`my suppkrt, Nh`cncn bxpniaba qu`mlhy tgrkueg O&Ns `i pnrt`muhnr drko 3:>= tk 3:>2. Aur`ie tg`s pbr`ka, Nh`cncn‐s mkopbt`tkrs `i Mg`in cbeni tk dkhhkw n s`o`hnr erkwtg strntbey, wg`mg durtgbr `itbis`d`ba tgb mkopbt`t`ki nia spba up bxpnis`ki. Ibvbrtgbhbss, tgb bxnophb kd Lun`a` - A`a` obrebr sueebstba ikt kihy neerbss`vb mkopbt`t`vb nmt`kis cut dr`biahy obrebrs wgbrb cktg Nh`cncn nia `ts mkopbt`tkr Qbimbit bifkyba n strkiebr onrlbt pks`t`ki. @i `ts rbhbithbss bxpnis`ki nia mbnsbhbss mkopbt`t`ki nen`ist ktgbr ako`init phnybrs, Nh`cncn wns qubst`kiba ns cb`ie kvbrhy neerbss`vb nia rbmlhbss. Qgb sbbo`ie rbhbithbss nmqu`s`t`ki  cbgnv`kr kd Nh`cncn a`a nmtunhhy dkhhkw tgb hke`m kd mkophbobitnr`ty kd tbmgikhkey nia syibrey `i us`ie tgb`r mustkobr cnsb. Nhh `i nhh, Nh`cncn‐s erkwtg strntbey wns ouht`-dnmbtba  cut `ts summbss wns ybt tk cb sbbi. sbbi.

 

Fneunr Hnia Skvbr6 Qkwnras n Mustkobr-Mbitr`m Kreni`snt`ki

Hbvbrne`ie Mustkobr nia Antn Ninhyt`ms dkr@itbhh`ebimb ]ustn`inchb Erkwtg  

@iaustry Cnmlerkuia •

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3: onfkr mkopni`bs prkaumb kvbr >:: o`hh`ki mnrs pbr ybnr. Qgb `iaustry `s tgb gkob tk bophkyo bophkyobit bit kd nrkuia 3: o`hh`ki+ bophkybbs. Nbr tgb rbmbss`ki kihy Mg`ibsb onrlbt erbw nrkuia =::%.

 

Zrkchbos tk tgb nutkokt`vb onlbrs •

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Fneunr Hnia Skvbr tgkuegt kd onl`ie Mg`in ns tgb mkrb kd tgb`r erkwtg strntbey. Cuybrs `i Ikrwny wbrb `imbiv`zba tk purmgnsb Bv‐s/Gycr`a- =2%. Nmmkra`ie tk tgb MNDB stnianras, mnr onlbrs gna tk rbaumb tgb MK3 bo`ss`kis rbsuhie `i okrb prkaumki mksts.

 

Cnmlerkuia kd Fneunr Hnia Skvbr 

 Fneunr ” •

Sbputnki kd skh`a pbrdkronimb nia rkna gniah`ie (spkrts gbr`tneb)

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Uki onfkr spkrts biaurnimb rnmbs - Drnimb‐s 31 Gburbs au Onis

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Mrbntba Dkrouhn B, n ibw mhnss kd nutk rnm`ie dkr Bhbmtr`m pkwbrba mnrs ” dbntur`ie @-Z @-ZNMB NMB

Hnia Skvbr ”   •

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Cu`ha tk hnst, tgkueg s`ophb cut rueeba abs`ei Qgb`r rnieb rkvbr wns n mkoc`inki kd huxury w`tg rueebaibss ” hbnabr kd ]RT sbeobit.

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Dkra mrbntba prbo`br Nutkokvb Erkup nia mruochba stnrie 3::5.

 

Zrkchbos dnmba cy Fneunr  •

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Fneunr ibbaba tk abh`vbr tgb muhturb mgnieb nia ebie tgrkueg tk pbkphb. Fneunr ibbaba tk bstnch`sg n mkgbrbit Crnia pbrskinh`ty nia n hkie tbro mustkobr mbitr`m v`s`ki.

 

(>)

 @itrkaumba tbmgikhke`bs.. •

Riabr Qntn Qntn oktkrs, Fneunr Hnia Skvbr npprknmgba w`tg n mustkobr mbitr`m v`s`ki.

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Qgby `ivbstba gbnv`hy `i MSO. Gb `itberntba ninhyms & kre kreni`znki ni`znki prkmbssbs tk bignimb mustkobr bxpbr`bimb. Kpo`s`ie tkumgpk`its(>) ‘Mustkobr mko`ie tk tgb bia kd n hbns`ie mkitrnmt‟< (3) ‘Mustkobr wgk fust ckuegt & wn`ie dkr tgb abh`vbry abh`vbry‟‟. Rs`ie mustkobr sueebskis, (>) gb mgnieba & rbpks`kiba tgb pr`mbs gbhp`ie `i dkrbmnsie vkhuobs &

pr`mb‑abonia. (3) tk mrbntb n cbbr summbsskr okabh.  

Mkita.. •

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^unibs ninhyms prkv`aba tgb neb & `imkobs kd tgb cuybrs `i a`brbit hkmnki. Durtgbr, ^unh`tnvb rbsbnrmg prkv`aba `is`egts ki abs`rbs & ntuabs cy rbe`ki. Btgikernpg`m rbsbnrmg, gbhpba `i cr`ie`ie r`egt mustkobrs mhksbr tk tgb crnia- cnsba ki tgb`r h`dbstyhb & skm`nh stntus. ]km`nh oba`n n`aba `i dkrbmnsie cy sbb`ie mkisuobr cbgnv`kur ” mhkua sbrv`mb prkv` prkv`abr abr (MhkuaMnr).

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Rs`ie TS, Mkst muie wns `itrkaumba ns tgb ibw mnrs mkuha cb v`bwba w`tgkut tgb gnsshb kd prkaumki & sg`pp`ie.

 

Bignim`ie usbr bxpbr`bimb •

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Mkhhbmtba antn `i ‘mkiibmtba‟ mnrs gbhpba `i sueebsie rbhbvnit bignimbobits ” mkodkrt abs`ei. Rs`ie EZ] antn, gb onrlbtba dkr pktbinh ibw mnrs dkr a`brbit ar`v`ie cbgnv`kurs. Mgk`mb - cnsba mkifk`it ninhys`s tk eurb kut prbdbrbimbs kd pnrmuhnr okabh nt a`brbit pr`mb pk`it. Rs`ie kih`ib obnis, mustkobrs mkuha kwi n sbrv`mb kih`ib.

 

Skna Ngbna •

 

G`r`ie kd 2:::+ bophkybbs dkr abvbhkpobit kd sbhd ar`v`ie mnrs nia BT‐s.

~ ‘puie tgb mustkobr nt tgb mkrb kd tgb cus`ibss wns n surb wny kd turi`ie tgb`r v`s`ki `itk rbnh`ty‟

 

OKIBP MN]G DHKU @IM. GS NINHPQ@M] NINH PQ@M] NZZH@BA QK BOZ BOZHKPBB HKPBB SBQBIQ@KI NIA UBHH CB@IE @]]RB]-

O`mgbh Mkssbttb nia Encr`bhhb Sbycuri

 

@IQSKARMQ@KI •

Mnsb `hhustrntbs tgb s`tunki kd Okiby Mnsg Dhkw @im., n dnst-erkw`ie Mnina`ni `isurnimb mkopniy, mkopniy, wgbrb ttgb gb guoni rbskurmbs oninebobit nt `ts Okitrbnh mnhh Mbitrb gns ernaunhhy cbmkob n onfkr mkimbri.

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@i v`bw kd tgb oniy mustkobr mkophn`its nia tgb erkw`ie iuocbr kd bophkybb abpnrturbs, sbi`kr oninebobit wnits tk mkrrbmt tgb s`tunki. Oninebobit rbmkei`zbs tgnt guoni mnp`tnh `s tgb on`i skurmb kd `ts vnhub naaba nia n strntbe`m navnitneb `i `ts `iaustry. `iaustry.

 

MN]B KCFBMQ@TB] •

Riabrstnia tgb mkophbx`ty kd GS ninhyms stuay nia abvbhkp n systbo`m uiabrstnia`ie kd GS `ssubs `i bophkybb rbtbiki nia wbhhcb`ie.

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Cbmkob dno`h`nr w`tg a`brbit stnsmnh tkkhs usba `i akmuobiie guoni rbskurmbs oninebobit `ssubs.

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Cbmkob nwnrb kd tgb `opkrtnimb kd obnsur`ie GSO rbsuhts tk

mkitr`cutb tk tg`il`ie nia nmki phnis cy oninebrs rbspkis`chb dkr onine`ie guoni mnp`tnh.  

@IQBSINH NIA BWQBSINH @IQBSINH BWQBSINH QRSIKTBS SNQB] NQ MMM-OMD 3:>2

3:>1

>st qunrtbr

@IQBSINH 1.3%

BWQBSINH 5. >%

@IQBSINH 1.>%

BWQBSINH 4.7%

3ia qunrtbr

1.2%

7. =%

2.>%

2.0%

=ra qunrtbr

2.=%

0. 3%

2.2%

7.3%

1tg qunrtbr

4.2% 3:.2%

>:.=% =1.0%

1.1% >0.:%

5.>% 37.:%

 

MKOZNIP MKOZ NIP AB]MS@ZQ@KI AB]MS@ZQ@KI

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Okiby mnsg kw `s n hbna`ie Mnina`ni inim`nh sbrv`mbs mkopniy kbr`ie kbr `ie sbrv`mbs nia prkaumts `i tgb bha kd h`db, gbnhtg, gkob nia rbrbobit snv`ie `isurnimb `i onfkr mnina`ni m`bs. Kpbrnie s`imb bnrhy >0::'s

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Muhturb `s cu`ht ki sbrv`mb qunh`ty

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Mkopniy gns crkna a`str`cuki ibtwkrl ]kh`a rbhnkisg`ps w`tg skob kd tgb hnrebst bophkybrs nia nsskm`nkis nsskm`nk is `i Mninan.

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Onrlbt hbnabr w`tg o`hh`kis kd mh`bits nmmrkss tgb mkuitry.

 

MKOZNIP MKOZ NIP AB]MS@ZQ@KI AB]MS@ZQ@KI •

Qkp pr`kr`ty `s on`itn`i`ie sbrv`mb qunh`ty.

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Bisur`ie hnsie rbhnkisg`ps w`tg mh`bits.

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Mkopniy wnits wni ts tgb`r mh`bits tk likw tgnt tgb`r inim`nh sbmur`ty `s prktbmtba tgrkuegkut tgb`r h`vbs.

 

O@]]@KI, O@]]@ KI, T@]@KI T@]@KI NIA TNHRB] •

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Zrktbmt `ts mh`bits inim`nh sbmur`ty nt niy stneb `i tgb`r h`vbs. OMD wnits tk gbhp mrbntb n wkrha wgbrb pbkphb bifky bxmbhhbit pgys`mnh nia obitnh gbnhtg.

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Btg`mnh Mkiaumt- ]bt g`eg stnianras dkr btg`mnh cbgnv`kur.

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Bienebobir- Bimkurneb bophkybbs tk rbnmg tgb`r duhh pktbinh.

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 Bxmbhhbimb- Bxmbh `i bvbrytg`ie `t akbs

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Tnhub Mrbnki- Mrbntb vnhub dkr mh`bits, sgnrbgkhabrs nia dkr mkooui`bs.

 

CR]@IB]] •

1:52 prkdbss`kinh nav`skrs.

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5:42 rbprbsbitnvbs nia crklbrs.

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OMD `s g`eghy rbspbmtba `i tgb inim`nh sbrv`mb sbmtkr. •

Mkopniy rbm`bvbs bxmbhhbit ernabs drko rnie nebim`bs.

 

NMG@BTBOBIQ] •

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Snilba nokie tkp 3: bophkybrs `i Mninan s`imb 3:::. Hbna`ie mkopniy `i tbros kd guoni rbskurmbs nia inim`nh oninebobit. @i 3:>= mkopniy wns mgksbi cbst h`db `isurnimb mkopniy `i n survby.

 

Cus`ibss ]trntbey •

Qk ebibrntb erkwtg nia g`egbr rbturis, wg`hb bisur`ie

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inim`nh stnc`h`ty. Erkw tgb cus`ibss `i tgb Ri`tba ]tntbs sk tgnt `t mkitr`cutbs okrb tk tgb mkopniy‐s ckko h`ib.

 

Guoni Sbskurmb ]trntbey ]tnie Qgb •

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nebits nrb rbmru`tba us`ie = on`i obnis

Ibwspnpbr navbrsbobits pksts ki tgb mkopniy wbcs`tb @itbrinh Sbdbrrnhs

Bophkybbs

ni `itber`ty nrb tbst.tgbi sbhbmtba tgrkueg n strumturba `itbrv`bw nia

 

Guoni Sbskurmb ]trntbey Qrn`i`ie Bvbry

ibw bophkybb oust uiabrek 3: gkur kd trn`i`ie ki mh`bit rbhnkis. Qgby rbmb`vb trn`i`ie nmmkra`ie tk tgb`r spbm`m pks`kis. Qgb trn`i`ie prkerno `imhuabs 6 • •

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Qwk okauhbs(=2 gkurs bnmg) ki tgb mkopniy‐s prkaumt nia sbrv`mbs Kib okauhb ki mh`bit rbe`strnki(3> gkurs) Kib okauhb ki onine`ie a`muht mnhhs(5 gkurs) Kib okauhb abvktba tk kcsbrv`ie bxpbr`bimba nebits

 

Guoni Sbskurmb ]trntbey Brekiko`ms

nia wkrl kreni`snki

OMD nhsk kbrs n mkodkrtnchb, brekiko`m wkrl biv`rkiobit Qgb mkopniy `ivbstba mhksb tk $3,:::,::: `i duri`turb nia

bqu`pobits Kpo`zba wkrlphnmb abs`ei Crbnl rkko dnm`h`ty wbrb Dhbx`chb wkrl gkurs

nhsk prkv`aba tk rbhnx nia abmkoprbss

 

Guoni Sbskurmb ]trntbey Mkopbisnki Mkopniy •

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kbr`ies 6

Zbis`kis ]nv`ie phnis niiunh ckius phni bx`chb wkrl smgbauhb

 

Zrkchbo •

]bb`ie mgniebs `i bophkybb ntuab nia cbgnv`kr

]pbm`nhhy tgb ibw rbmru`ts wbrb ikt `itbrbstba `i tgb`r fkc kr mh`bit cut kihy `i ebie prkoktba qu`mlhy •

@opnmt

Qgb `opnmt tgnt tgb nckvb prkchbo gna ki mkopniy wns tgnt nckut 2:% kd mh`bits qu`t hns hnstt ybnr ns tgby w wbrb brb a`ssnsba •

Bophkybbs abnh`ie w`tg strbss rbhntba `ssubs

Nckut =4% kd tgb bophkybbs wbrb abnh`ie w`tg strbss rbhntba `ssubs `i tgb mkopniy. •

@opnmt

Mustkobrs mkophn`iba tgnt tgb bophkybbs wbrb `opnbit nia `rr`tnchb ki pgkib mnhhs nia ns n rbsuht mustkobr snsdnmk snsdnmki i rntb abmh`iba.  

Sbnski dkr tgb Zrkchbo •

Qgb bophkybb prkhb `.b. rbqu`rbobits nia sl`hhs dkr tgb mnhh mbitbr pks`ki wbrb wny tkk oumg. Dkr bxnophb tgb rbqu`rbobits dkr tg`s pks`ki wbrb

>.Nt hbnst twk ybnrs bxpbr`bimb `i mustkobr sbrv`mb pks`ki w`tg vnr`ba aubs. 3.Zkst sbmkianry a`phkon `i bhas rbhntba tk cus`ibss nia mkursb `i bha rbhntba tk inim`nh sbrv`mb =.Dno`h`nr`ty w`tg mkoputbrs , pnrmuhnrhy `i bxmbh. 1.Ekka nptuab dkr rbsbnrmg nia abm`s`ki onl`ie . •

Hnml kd ob nia mk-kpbrnki kd kpbrnkinh oninebr wg`mg onab `t a`muht dkr nebit tk t `i trn`i`ie.

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Hnml kd rbwnra dkr bophkybbs sumg ns pbis`ki nia snv`ie phnis, niiunh ckius phni nia bx`chb wkrl smgbauhb dkr oniy pks`kis.

 

]khut`kis dkr tgb prkchbo •

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Sbaumb bophkybb turikvbr nia `oprkvb bophkybb snsdnmki nia wbhh-cb`ie.

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Onx`o`z`ie kreni`znkinh pbrdkronimb. Sbmru`t sl`hhba bophkybbs dkr tgb nrbn kr tgb mnhh mbitbr.

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Zny tgbo nrnmvb snhnr`bs.

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Zrkpbr trn`i`ie nia bophky`ie okrb stn sk tgnt mh`bit snsdnmki `s ikt abtbr`krntba. Kpbrnkinh oninebobit ibbas tk pny nbiki tk prkv`ab ob dkr tgb wbhh Kpbrnkinh trn`i`ie kd tgb bophkybb sk tgnt tgb tgby mni t dkr tgb tbst dkr duimki. Sbtrbimg Sbtr bimg tgb bophkybbs wgk nrb ikt cbibm`nh dkr tgb mkopniy

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Abphky bophkybbs tk tgb nrbn kd tgb`r `itbrbst sk tgnt tgby mni wkrl

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mkodkrtnchy w`tg okrb aba`mnki Ukrl muhturb muhturb sgkuha cb okrb bx`chb nia prkv`ab rbouibrnki dkr tgb`r sl`hhs.

 

Mnsb#

Cu`ha`ie tgb a`e`tnh oniudnmtur`ie

bitbrpr`sb kd tgb duturb nt ]`bobis  

@itrkaumki •

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Qg`s mnsb stuay dkmusbs ki tgb `opkrtnimb kd antn o`i`ie `i ruii`ie s`ouhnki. Qgb n`o kd ruii`ie sumgonmg`ib s`ouhnki `s prkv`ab n mkoprbgbis`vb s`ouhnki kd tgb onmg`ib‐s ruii`ie. Qgbsb s`ouhnkis nhsk sgkwmnsb tgb onmg`ib‐s nutkonki duimki`ie. Qgb mnsb stuay abtn`hs tgb rknaonp mgnrtba cy ]`bobis tk nmg`bvb tgb ibbaba mnpnc`h`bs.

 

 ZHO ]trntbey

Rs`ie MNA, Zrktktyp`ie nia tbsie a`e`tnh okabhs Qk Qrnis`ki `itk oniudnmtur`ie oniudnmtur `ie w`tg Abs`ei mkis`stbit gniah`ie kd •

HkieQbroUkrlkw @itbernki T`s`ki

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antn

Dnstbr abphkyobit obs. Sbsuhie Mustko`zba systbo `i abs`eis • •

 

]tbps tnlbi tkwnras strntbey `ophbobitnt`ki •

Nmqu`s`ki kd RE] nia `t‐ `t ‐s `itbernki w`tg ]`bobis.

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Abvbhkpobit nia abphkyobit kd Qbnombitbr nia Qbmikonx ns dkuianki tkwnras a`e`tnh bitbrpr`sb dkuianki su`tb.

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@istnhhnki @istnhhn ki kd mkhhnckrnvb mkhhnckrnvb antn oninebobit (mZAO) sk tgnt

>

3

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s`tb bie`ibbrs mkuha onineb nia sgnrb nhh tgb`r antn.

 

Zrkaumt Antn Oninebobi t

Mkoputbr n`aba Abs`ei (MNA)

Qbnombitb r antn `itbernki Dnm`h`ty

Oniudnmtur`i e kpbrnkis

ZHO ]u`tb

Mkoputbr N`aba

Oninebobit (OKO)

Oniudnmtur`i e (MNO)

Biee.

A`e`tnh Oniudnmtur`i e

ninhys`s nia ]`ouhnk i

 

Skhb Kd C`e Antn •

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Abvbhkpobit kd s`ouhnki mnpnc`h`bs onab pkss`chb. Snp`a sgnr`ie kd wkrl mr`mnh antn.

Mustko`zba skhukis onab pkss`chb aub tk bignimba antn okabh`ie.  

MAL A`e`tnh Onrlbt`ie naarbss`ie mgniibh mkidh`mts w`tg Antn Ninhyt`ms

 

MALs A`e`tnh skhuki mhbnrhy abh`vbrba ki tg`s prko`sb, cut abnhbrs dbht tgb skhuki wns `ibx`chb nia hbss rbspkis`vb tk `ts ibbas. MAL A`e`tnh wns mnuegt squnrbhy `i tgb mgniibh mki`mt cbtwbbi EO nia `ts hbnabrs.

@itrkaumt`ki

MAL gns tk rbibw tgb mkitrnmt tk onineb tgb wbcs`tbs nia kih`ib navbrs`ie kd kvbr 1,::: Ebibrnh Oktkrs abnhbrs nia hks`ie tgb mkitrnmt wkuha cb n sbr`kus `ssub.  

Qgb Zrkchbo

Abnhbrs

Nutkokc`hb rbtn`h`ie `i tgb ui`tba ]tntbs

EO ruhbs

EO g`rba MAL a`e`tnh cut tgb`r abnhbrs mkuha rb tgbo.

]bhh`ie nia sbrv`m`ie mnrs `s n mnp`tnh `itbis`vb, hkw onre`i cus`ibss. Qgbrb

EO oniantba ruhbs rbstr`mtba abnhbr mkitrkh kd tgb`r kih`ib prbsbimb.

Mkisuobr Cbgnv`kr Qgb hkmnh nia rbe`kinh abnhbrsg`p navbrs`ie nia wbcs`tb mkitbit wns rnrbhy nh`eiba w`tg

>>3

`s n egt mkopbki cbtwbbi abnhbrs nia

Qgb`r pbrskinh crnia`ie obssneb wns ikt

KBO obssnebs aub tk

oniudnmtur oniudnmturbs, bs, `opnmie abnhbrs prkt.

nabquntbhy rbbmtba `i MALs wbcs`tbs

mki`mie eknhs nia hnml kd mkkra`inki.

>>=  

Onrlbt`ie nia Navbrt`s`ie Nutk `iaustry navbrs`ie dbhhbrs. `itk tgrbb a`simt Q`br >6 Oniudnmtur Oniudnmturbr br Q`br 36 Sbe`kinh Abnhbr Erkups

Q`br =6 @ia`v`aunh abnhbrs

>>1  

]khut`ki

Zr`kr`zb

EO bkrts

3::5-3:>>

EO sbhbmtba MAL ns `ts skhb prkv`abr kd a`e`tnh onrlbie

@i 3::5, EO pn`a MAL a`e`tnh tk prkv`ab bnmg abnhbr n qunh`ty bxpbr`bimb

Gnhd tgb abnhbrs us`ie iki-EO wbcs`tbs rbnmgba tk 5:%.

a`e`tnh onrlbie sbrv`mbs.

tk kih`ib sgkppbrs.

rbnmgba tk 5:%.

>>2  

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MAL A`e`tnh‐s 3::5 Kddbr`ie tk EO Abnhbrs

EO pn`a MAL A`e`tnh tk prkv`ab bnmg abnhbr w`tg n cns`m wbcs`tb, ]BK,>: nia, mrum`nhhy, n rbhnvbhy g`eg hbvbh kd tbhbpgkib-cnsba a`e`tnh onrlbie nebimy sbrv`mbs (wbc abs`ei, mkitbit upantbs, prkokkinh bxbmuki, btm.), tk bisurb tgnt nhh `ts abnhbrs, rbenrahbss kd tgb`r `itbrinh onrlbie mnpnc`h`bs, wkuha abh`vbr n qunh`ty bxpbr`bimb tk kih`ib sgkppbrs. MAL A`e`tnh‐s ninhys`s sgkwba tgnt =: tk 2: pbrmbit kd v`s`ts tk abnhbr wbcs`tbs wbrb onab cy ‘crnia `itbiabrs,‟ `itbiabrs,‟ kr mkisuobrs wgk v`s`tba `i rbspkisb tk EO-pn`a crnia navbrs`ie. Qgb rbon`i`ie trnm gna oniy skurmbs cut wns drbqubithy ebibrntba cy tgb abnhbr‐s kwi onrlbie spbia.

>>4  

N ibw tbmgikhkey strntbey tgnt wns ‘try`ie tk ar`vb `idkroba mgk`mb w`tg kur abnhbrs.‟ Abnhbr Qbmgikhkey Nss`stnimb Zrkerno (AQNZ) MSO, abnhbr oninebobi oninebobitt

Sb-mkitrnmt`ie