Buku renang ini dapat digunakan mulai dari tingkat SMA/SMK dan perguruan tinggi khususnya jurusan Pendidikan Jasmani Ola...
PETA KONSEP MATERI RENANG
1. Sejarah Renang a. Sejarah Dunia b. Sejarah di Indonesia 2. Konsep Gerak Renang a. Konsep Teoritis b. Biomekanik 3. Aktifitas Akuatik a. Kemampuan Mengapung b. Kemampuan Meluncur 4. Teknik Dasar Berenang a. Gaya Bebas i.
Gerakan kaki
ii. Gerakan Lengan iii. Teknik mengambil Nafas iv. Koordinasi b. Gaya Dada
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i.
Gerakan kaki
ii. Gerakan Lengan iii. Teknik mengambil Nafas iv. Koordinasi c. Teknik Start d. Teknik Pembalikan e. Teknik Memasuki Finish 5. Paraturan Perlombaan Renang a. FINA b. PRSI 6. Manajemen Perlombaan Renang
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1 SEJARAH SEJAR AH RENANG DUNIA DUNIA
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan ini anda diharapkan dapat menjelaskan, menyebutkan dan menguraikan, tentang : 1. Aspek penting pada renang mulai dilakukan oleh manusia. 2. Fungsi olahraga renang pada zaman kuno di 6 (enam) negara Timur Tengah. 3. 6 (Enam) tokoh renang serta fungsi renang di Eropa dan di Timur Tengah pada abad pertengahan. 4. Fungsi olahraga renang pada abad modern. 5. 6 (enam) negara yang mempunyai prestasi renang yang baik pada saat ini.
Pendahuluan
Ada pendapat bahwa olahraga renang dilakukan dilakukan oleh manusia, manusia, sejak adanya manusia di dunia. Apakah renang pada waktu itu sudah merupakan olahraga?. Hal ini belum ada suatu jawaban yang jelas. Yang jelas renang pada saat itu merupakan sebagai alat untuk menghadapi serangan terhadap alam dan juga sebagai alat bela diri dalam menghadapi binatang buas. Disamping itu
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maka orang itu menirukan cara-cara anjing untuk menyeberangi dengan cara menirukan gaya renang yang dilakukan oleh anjing tersebut. Sehingga orang menyebut "dog style '' (gaya anjing) karena gerakan yang dilakukan menirukan cara/gaya anjing berenang. Sejarah juga telah menyebutkan/membuktikan bahwa orang maupun binatang tak bisa makan atau hidup tanpa adanya air. Sebagai contoh kebanyakan manusia hidup di tepi sungai-sungai, baik di kota-kota maupun di desa-desa. Misal di Mesir di Sungai NIL, di India terletak ditepi sungai Gangga, di Tiongkok terletak di Pepi sungai Mekong, Dengan demikian kota-kota yang makmur kebanyakan terletak di tepian sungai.
Sejarah Renang Pada Zaman Kuno Dalam buku Ir, Erwin Nirl, yang berjudul “Scewinmkunt “ Scewinmkunt Inal Terut”, Terut”, disebutkan bahwa bangsa Yunani, Assyria, dan Romawi telah berenang semacam gaya “crawl” Pada “SCULPUNT (hiasan dinding) yang terbuat dari batu da pat dilihat, para prajurit dalam menyerang benteng melalui sungai dengan berenang yang menggunakan Bensol Bundel” yaitu suatu alat yang dililitkan pada pinggang agar dapat mengapung atau memperbesar daya apungnya. Juga dapat dilihat pada peninggalan bangsa Mesir Kuno, berupa “HIEROGLYPH” 3000 tahun sebelum masehi, menunjukkan bahwa orang telah melakukan renang. Bukti lain dengan diketemukannya dari hasil penggalian di dekat “pompei” di Italia di sana terdapat tulisan-tulisan yang nyata-nyata menunjukkan bahwa renang sudah dilakukan sejak masa itu. Bangsa Yunani merupakan negara yang sudah maju dalam bidang seni dan kebudayaan. Sehingga menganggap bahwa renang merupakan suatu faktor kecakapan yang berkedudukan sangat tinggi. Bila orang yang tak dapat berenang dan menulis, maka orang tersebut dikatakan tidak sempurna. Dalam bangsa Yunani, renang merupakan salah satu pokok yang terpenting dalam keprajuritan/keseluruhan. Sehingga pada masa itu para pemudanya mendapatkan pendidikan yang istimewa dalam olahraga ini (olahraga renang). Bangsa Romawi juga menganggap bahwa, renang merupakan suatu faktor
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6000 sebelum masehi. Mereka berlatih renang di sungai “Tugus”. Pada saat itu tempat mandinya mempunyai panggung yang disebut “Shermin”.
Sejarah Sejarah Renang p ada Abad Pertengahan
Olahraga renang pada masa ini mengalami kemajuan, berkat anjuran dan bantuan dari para tokoh pendidikan. Tetapi pada umumnya, olahraga renang hanya diperuntukkan bagi kalangan kelas Satria/Ridder sedangkan bagi kalangan kala “Sudra” (Cress (Cress Root) tidak diperbolehkan untuk melakukan olahraga ini. Sebab menjadi kalangan Ridder ini harus dapat bersanjak, berenang, anggar, naik kuda, berburu, dan memanah. Pada periode berikutnya Pendidikan Jasmani (Renang) pernah mengalami kemunduran karena pendidikan melarang anak didiknya untuk berenang karena merusak kesehatan (terdapat kolam renang yang kurang sempurna, sehingga menimbulkan wabah pes). Juga dengan timbulnya pengaruh agama Kristen d Eropa. Sejak timbulnya agama Kristen ini maka perhatian terhadap Pendidikan Jasmani terutama renang mengalami kemunduran, karena mereka beranggapan bahwa pendidikan jasmani akan menghalang-halangi hidup yang kekal (di akherat), meskipun demikian para satria mendapat pendidikan yang istimewa terutama dalam olahraga renang. Sejak timbulnya paham Renaissance, perhatian terhadap Pendidikan Jasmani mulai timbul kembali. Karena tokoh Renaissance berpendapat bahwa olahraga sangat penting dalam hidup sehari-hari. Tokoh-tokoh seperti Vittorino da Faltra (1378-1446), Mercurialis (1530-1606), seorang ahli tabib dan ahli filsafat. Sir Thimas Elyot (1490-1548), John Logke (1631-1704), J. J. Rousseau (1712-1778), Pestlesi (1746-1827), Gyts Muts (1759-1839) mengajarkan renang sebagai alat pendidikan. Sehingga pada waktu itu terbitlah beberapa buku renang yang dikarang oleh seorang Padri Italia “Orensede Barnande”. L’art de Negar (oleh Nicel Wymanri (1538), De Kunts Van Zwemmen oleh John Federikbachstrem (1742), Kleina Lehrbuch der Sohwin oleh Guts Luts (1758), Geber das Sehwinmen oleh Jendral Van Poul (1811). Namun demikian ada pendapat dari tokoh yang menganjurkan agar
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b. John Lokke (1632-1793), filosuf dan tabib dari bangsa Inggris, ia mengajarkan mengajukan renang sejajar dengan anggar dan bermain. c. Joan Jaques Roussoau Rou ssoau (1712-1778), (1712- 1778), pujangga dan filsuf bangsa bang sa Frances dan tokoh penting dalam pendidikan dari sudut kegunaan, maka renang lebih penting dari pada kuda.
Sejarah Sejarah Renang p ada Zaman Zaman Mod ern
Pada tahun 1800 di Jerman olahraga renang sudah disejajarkan dengan senam karena olahraga renang merupakan aktivitas dari semua organ tubuh. Sehingga olahraga renang dimasukkan dalam bagian pelajaran tokoh utamanya antara lain: Guts Muts dan Jenderal Van Pruel. Berkat bantuan dan anjuran dari dua tokoh inilah olahraga renang mulai dipelari secara metodis dan sistematis. Pada periode berikutnya berdirilah kolam renang yang didirikan oleh dua tokoh tadi dan merupakan kolam renang yang pertama. dr. Robert mengatakan bahwa renang harus berkembang dan juga beliau menganjurkan pula supaya loncat indah ( Sohoon Springen), menyelam dan mengapung ditambahkan dalam olahraga renang. Selain dalam pelajaran renang dalam sekolah juga dimasukkan dalam ketentaraan, yakni: Von Isuel di Francis (1010) di Jerma (1817) dan di Sreda (1811). Perkembangan olahraga renang bukan hanya berkembang dalam pelajaran ketentaraan melainkan juga dalam perkumpulan-perkumpulan sehingga pada saat itu sudah ada sekitar 300 perkumpulan renang. Maka dari itu sering sekali diadakan perlombaan renang antar perkumpulan. Salah satu juga yang diperlombakan ialah gaya yang lazim orang menyebutnya “Dog Style” Style” (Gaya Anjing). Selanjutnya orang Inggris mendapat cara berenang yang baru, yaitu kedua belah kaki digerakkan merupakan gunting sedang tangan diarahkan ke depan, keluar dari air. Tokoh tersebut ialah Srugoon. Di London pada waktu itu sudah ada 5 buah kolam renang, maka bermunculan para bintang-bintang renang salah satu bintang renang itu adalah Federicksuell yang pada tahun 1877 telah mencoba berenang menyeberangi selat Inggris, tetapi belum sampai di pantai terpaksa ia membatalkan niatnya karena tak sangup melakukannya. Dengan kenyataan dan peristiwa seperti
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Dari negara ini renang terus berkembang ke negara-negara negara-nega ra Eropa lainnya. Selain berkembang di negara-ngara Eropa maka olahraga renang juga berkembang ke Australia, Amerika, Asia, dan Afrika. Di negara tersebut mulailah dibuat kolam renang, kemudian timbulah perkumpulan-perkumpulan renang. Pada tahun 1870 Javell pindah ke Australia. Di sana Javell mendirikan sebuah kolam renang dan menjadi guru renang disana. Javell mempunyai 6 orang anak yang kesemuanya laki-laki. Keenam anaknya tersebut juga diajarkan renang dengan baik, terutama gaya crawl. Lebih lanjut keluarga tersebut terkenal sebagai pelepak dasar renang gaya crawl. Berarti gaya merangkak, yang sekarang lazim dilakukan orang dalam perlombaan renang di mana-mana. Richard Cavell, adalah salah seorang dari keluarga Cavell merupakan orang yang pertama kali berenang cepat dengan gaya crawl sejauh 100 Yard, yang dilakukan pada tahun 1902. Saudaranya, yakni Sydnay Cavell didatangkan ke Amerika untuk menjadi guru renang di San Fransisco. Pada saat itu mulailah olahraga renang dikenal di Amerika. Salah seorang dari S. Cavell, yaitu Leary, dia adalah orang Amerika yang mula-mula melakukan renang gaya crawl. Tetapi perenang yang terkenal pada waktu itu ialah Charles Daniel yang selalu berenang dengan memakai gaya Trudgeon". Keunggulan dari Pada gaya crawl oleh Leary, memaksa Daniel untuk mengubah cara berenangnya, Itulah sebabnya sampai sekarang C. Daniel selalu dianggap orang yang pertama kali meletakkan gaya crawl di Amerika. Sedangkon Federick Cavell sebagai peletak dasar renang gaya crawl di Australia. Pada tahun 1908 saat berlangsungnya Olympiade di London terbentuklah “Federation badan perserikatan renang International yang bernama “Federation Internationale The Nation Amateur ” yang disingkat FINA. Dengan berdirinya perserikatan International ini, maka renang berkembang dengan pesatnya.
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gudang perenang tingkat dunia sampai tahun 1977 untuk putra adalah Amerika Serikat, sedangkan untuk putri adalah Jerman Timur. Sedangkan di Asia mulai ada perkembangan, dimana negara RRC sudah dapat mengembangkan olahraga renangnya, seperti terlihat pada pesta Olympiade, di Korea dan Asean Games di Taipe tahun 1988 dan kejuaraan dunia renang di Australia tahun 1990 bulan Desember, RRC sudah dapat menyaingi negara-negara Eropa dan Amerika dan dan Unisoviet. Unisoviet.
Rangkuman
Sejarah renang dunia, renang sudah sejak kini dilakukan oleh manusia. Renang pada saat itu dipergunakan untuk: beladiri, mencari ikan, melawan slam. Renang pada zaman kuno hanya dilakukan meniru seperti gerakan anjing saat berenang menyeberang sungai.. Maka gayanya disebut gaya anjing (dog style). Sejarah membuktikan bahwa pada saat itu air merupakan faktor penting ini terlihat bahwa penghidupan pada masa itu kebanyakan.manusia hidup di daerah dekat sungai. Sejarah renang pada zaman kuno, Dalam buku Ir. Erwin Nirl yang berjudul “Scrwinmkunt Inalterut” disebut bahwa bangsa Yunani, Assyria, Romawi telah berenang gaya Crawl. Renang sudah dilakukan sejak zaman kuno, terlihat pada hiasan dinding (Sculpunt) prajurit yang sedang menyerang benteng. Pada Hieroglyph, peninggalan bangsa Mesir Kuno. Itali terdapat hiasan dinding yang menggambarkan orang renang. Bangsa Yunani, renang merupakan faktor penting dan mempunyai kedudukan terhormat. Renang dilatihkan kepada prajurit, merupakan pendidikan yang istemewa. Bangsa Romawi, juga prajurit dilatih renang sejak 6000 Th sebelum masehi
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Sejak timbulnya Renaissance renang mulai timbul kembali. Yang tokohtokohnya adalah: Vittorino de Faltra, Merourials, Sir Thomas Elyot Guts Muts, menganjurkan renang sebagai alat pendidikan. Adapun beberapa tokoh menganjurkan renang sebagai alat pendidikan diantaranya adalah: a. Vittarinde de Faltra, menganjurkan renang masuk bagian pelajaran pendidikan jasmani. b. John Locke, Olahraga renang harus disejajarkan dengan anggar dan bermain. c. Joan Jaques Roussoau, dipandang dari kegunaannya renang lebih penting daripada naik kuda.. Sejarah renang pada zaman modern. Di Jerman th.1800 olahraga renang sudah disejajarkan dengan senam. Dua tokoh Guts Muts dan VanPfuel, menganjurkan renang harus di pelajari secara metodik dan sistematis. G. Herbart, menganjurkan selain renang, loncat indah, menyelam dan mengapung harus diajarkan. Sedangkan Van Pfuel di Praha, di Jerman dan di Breda, menganjurkan renang harus diajarkan di sekolah dan ketentaraan. Renang berkembang terus, maka wajar makin banyak timbul kolam renang dan perkumpulan renang, menurut pengamatan jumlah perkumpulan renang di Indonesia sebanyak 300 perkumpulan. Nomor pertandingan saat itu yang dipertandingkan adalah gaya Dog Style. Bahkan di Inggris; Trudgoon menggunakan gaya renang dengan gerakan kaki menggunting. Di London sudah ada 6 kolam renang. Sehingga munculah bintang renang pada tahun 1877, Federick Cavkl mencoba merenangi selat Inggris akan tetapi kembali. Inggrislah tempat kelahiran renang dan polo air. Dari negara ini renang berkembang ke negara Eropa, Australia, Amerika, Asia dan Afrika. Pada tahun 1878, Cavell pindah ke Australia dan mengembangkan renang bersama 6 anaknya. Gaya yang dikembangkan adalah gaya Crawl. Richard
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ditempatkan yang terpenting, misalnya negara: Unisoviet, Amerika Serikat, Jerman, Canada, Australia. Karena olahraga ini bersama dengan atletik terdapat.kumpulan medali yang terbanyak. Perenang-perenang dunia yang tebanyak adalah Amerika Seriakat untuk putra dan Jerman untuk putri. Namun di Asia, RRC mulai mengembangkan olahraga renang, sehingga tahun 1990 sudah medapatkan medali. dan sekaligus menempatkan diri pada urutan yang lebih baik.
Soal
1. 2. 3. 4.
Sejak kapan olahraga renang dilakukan oleh manusia ? Apakah guna renang pada zaman kuno? Bagaimana cara berenang pada saat zaman kuno tersebut? Pada zaman kuno, Negara Negara manakah yang sudah dapat berenang gaya crawl? 5. Pada zaman kuno Negara manakah yang sudah melakukan olahraga renang ? 6. Buktikan bahwa renang sudah dilakukan oleh bangsa-bangsa pada zaman kuno ? 7. Pada zaman pertengahan di Timur Tengah ada suatu golongan yang hanya golongan tertentu yang boleh berenang yakni ….. 8. Bagaimana golongan yang terendah supaya menjadi golongan yang terhormat ? 9. Kemudian olahraga renang terjadi kemunduran. Mengapa ? 10. Sebutkan 7 tokoh penggerak Olahraga Ola hraga renang r enang pada zaman pertengahan ?
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16. Siapakah orang Inggris yang pindah ke Australia dan mengembangkan renang di Australia ? 17. Siapakah yang mengembangkan gaya crawl di Australia ? 18. Siapakah yang berenang cepat jarak 100 yard di Australia ? 19. Siapakah yang pindah ke Amerika dari keluarga Cavell yang menjadi guru renang di Amerika ? 20. Siapakah orang Amerika yang bisa berenang dengan cepat pada gaya crawl ? 21. Tahun berapakah FINA didirikan dan dimana ? 22. Apakah kepanjangan dari FINA ? 23. Negara manakah yang sangat mementingkan renang bila terjadi Pesta Olahraga ? 24. Mengapa demikian ? 25. Negara manakah di Asia yang sudah dapat mengembnagkan renang dengan memiliki prestasi yang baik dan sudah diperhitungkan oleh Negara-negara di eropa, Amerika dan Australia ?”
SEJARAH RENANG DI INDONESIA
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan ini anda diharapkan dapat menjelaskan sejarah renang di Indonesia, tentang: 1. Renang mulai dilakukan sejak zaman Mojopahit (zaman Kuno).
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Rakit. Para bajak laut maupun Nelayan sudah berani mengarungi lautan. Pada saat itu para prajurit, bajak laut atau nelayan sudah melakukan renang untuk membutuhkan perang membajak atau menangkap ikan. Sultan Hadi Wijaya sebelum dinobatkan sebagai raja Pajang terkenal dengan nama Joko Tingkir pernah melawan 40 ekor buaya. Pada saat Joko Tingkir melawan buaya sudah menggunakan renang dan mereka menang. Olahraga renang pada masa pemerintahan Mojopahit dan Mataram sudah dilakukan, sebagai bukti adanya peninggalan diantaranya berupa puing-puing yang dikenal dengan nama candi Putri dan Taman Sari. Tempat ini sampai sekarang menjadi tempat Wisata. Di tempat ini ada bekas kolam renang kecil, yang biasa dipergunakan untuk mandi atau berenang oleh para raja, kesatria dan putri-putri istana. Ini suatu bukti bahwa renang pada saat itu sudah dilakukan walaupun belum diketahui bagaimana teknik gaya renangnya. Pada penjajahan Belanda orang-orang Belanda membava Olahraga renang dari Eropa ke Indonesia, seperti Cavell dari Inggris.. Bangsa Belanda mulai mendirikan kolam renang di Indonesia. Kolam itu dibuat di kota-kota besar, tempat orang-orang kulit putih kebanyakan menetap. Kolam renang saat itu hanya diperuntukan bagi Penjajah walaupun ada kolam renang yang
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Pada waktu itu masyarakat pada umumnya hanya dapat mempergunakan kolam renang yang mereka buat sendiri, di tempat-tempat mata air dengan bentuk yang sangat sederhana. Tetapi sejak tahun 1940 sampai dengan tahun 1945 tidak ada pembangunan kolam renang di Indonesia. Kegiatan renang di Indonesia di mulai sejak zaman Hindia Belanda, diawali dari kota Bandung, dengan bukti bahwa sejak tahun 1917 dari kota Bandung sudah berdiri Bandoengse Zwembond (Perserikatan Renang Bandung) yang beranggotakan 7 Perkumpulan renang. Perkumpulanperkumpulan tersebut antara lain perkumpulan-perkumpulan sekolah Osvia, Mulo, dan Kweekschool, kemudian menyusul di kota-kota lain seperti di Jakarta dan Surabaya. Pada tahun berikutnya, yaitu tahun 1918 berdirilah West Java Zwembond (Perserikatan Renang Jawa-Timur) yang anggota-anggotanya meliputi kota-kota seperti Malang, Surabaya, Pasuruan, Blitar, Lumajang, Semarang, Solo, Cepu, dan Yogyakarta. Sejak saat itu sering diadakan pertandingan-pertandingan renang, baik antar kota maupun antar daerah. Bahkan diselenggarakan pula kejuaraan Indonesia yang diakui sebagai pemecahan rekor negara Belanda. Pada waktu itu hubungan dengan luar negeri sudah mulai ada. Hal ini banyak perenang-perenang dari negara-negara lain yang datang ke Inodnesia,
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Pada tahun 1945 sesudah Indonesia memproklamirkan kemerdekaannya, kegiatan renang menjadi sepi, sebab bangsa Indonesia sibuk dalam alam perjuangan melawan penjajah Belanda. Sampai Pada permulaan tahun 1951 untuk sementara pimpinan renang Indonesia masih dipegang oleh ZBVI (Zwem Bood Voor Indonesia). Akhirnya pada tanggal 24 Maret 1951 berdirilah perserikatan Berenang seluruh Indonesia yang disingkat PBSI, dengan ketua dr. Poerwosoedarmo. Sejak berdirinya PBSI ini, maka perkembangan o1ahraga renang di Indonesia maju dengan pesatnya, PBSI kemudian diterima menjadi anggota Perserikatan Olahraga Republik Indonesia (PORI) yang kemudian dirubah menjadi Komite Olympiade Indonesia (KOI) pada tahun 1952, PBSI diterima menjadi anggota FINA (Federation Internationale de Nation Amateur) dan IOC (International Olympic Committee). Sejak itu pula Peakumpulan-perkumpulan renang mulai bermunculan di mana-mana antara lain Tirta Kencana (Jakarta), Tirta Mitra (Surabaya),Tirta Merta (Bandung) dan Prim (Medan). Pada tahun 1954 sudah ada 29 buah perkumpulan renang seluruh Indonesia dan mulai didirikan sebuah perserikatanperserikatan renang daerah atau Propinsi (Top Organesasi Daerah atau Propinsi).
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Putra: Putri: 100 m gaya bebas 100 m gaya bebas 100 m gaya punggung 100 m gaya punggung 200 m gaya dada 200 m gaya dada 400 m gaya bebas 400 m gaya dada 1500 m gaya bebas 4 x 100 m estafet gaya bebas 4 x 290 m Estafet gaya bebas Loncat Indah: Loncat menara. Loncat Indah: Loncat Menara. Polo air. Sesudah PON II di Jakarta, pengiriman-pengiriman perenang ke luar Negeri juga mulai dilakukan, berturut-turut ke Olympiade Helsinki tahun 1952 dan tahun 1953 ke Youth Festival di Bukarest. Sedang perenang yang mewakili Indonesia adalah Soeharko (perenang gaya dada 200 meter). Pada tahun 1954 regu renang dan Polo Air dikirim ke Manila untuk mengikuti Asian Games II, dan pada tahun 1956 tiga orang Perenang berangkat ke Olympiade Melbourn. Perenang-perenang tersebut adalah Ria Tobing (200 m gaya dada, putri), Marts Gultom (100 m gaya Punggung putri), dan Habib Nasution (100 m dan 400 m gaya bebas, putra). Pada PON IV di Makasar tahun 1957, perserikatan berenang seluruh Indonesia (PBSI) diubah namanya menjadi Persatuan Renang Seluruh Indone-
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PUTRA 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m dan 1500 m gaya bebas 100 m, 200 m, gaya kupu-kupu. 100 m, 200 m, gaya punggung. 100 m, 200 m, gaya dada. 200 m, m, 400 m, gaya ganti perorangan. 4 x 100 m gaya ganti estafet. 4 x 100 m gaya bebas estafet
PUTRI 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m dan 800m gaya bebas. 100 m, 200 m, gaya kupu-kupu. 100 m, 200 m, gaya punggung. 100 m, 200 m, gaya dada. 200 m, m, 400 m, gaya ganti perorangan. 4x 100 m estafet gaya ganti. 4 x 100 m gaya bebas estafet.
Pada tahun 1970 PRSI mempunyai program baru yaitu dengan mengadakan Renang kelompok umur ( Age Group Swimming). Kejuaraan Kelompok umur yang diadakan pertama kali di Jakarta pada tahun 1970. Pembagian Kelompok Umur (K.U.) terdiri atas : 1. K.U. I. PA/PI. umur 10 tahun dan dibawahnya. 2. K.U. II. PA/PI. umur 11 tahun dan 12 tahun. 3. K.U. III.PA/PI. umur umur 13 tahun dan 14 tahun. 4. K.U. IV.PA/P1. umur 15 tahun dan 16 tahun dan dengan umur 17 tahun. Pembagian K.U. ini mengalami perubahan pada Kejuaraan renang K.U.
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Dalam bidang permasalan hal itu sangat penting karena akan dapat memberikan pacuan, motif serta menggerakkan para tunas muda untuk giat dalam belajar renang. Hasrat tersebut memenuhi sifat anak yang ingin bersaing dengan teman sebayanya. Dalam bidang pembibitan, maka dalam setiap pertandingan akan selalu dapat diketahui hasil prestasinya. Prestasi ini terus berkembang, makin tahun makin lebih baik. Hal ini terbukti bahwa pada hampir setiap Kejuaraan Nasional Renang K.U. yang diadakan setiap satu tahun sekali selalu ada pemecahan rekor K.U. maupun rekor Nasional pada saat itu. Nomor-nomor yang dipertandingkan data kejuaraan K.U. sampai tahun 1976 pada renang ialah: a. K.U. IV. 1. 100 m, 200 m, gaya bebas PA/PI.
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c. K.U. II.
d. K.U. I.
4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4.
100 m gaya kupu-kupu putra dan putri 200 m gaya ganti prorangan putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m gaya bebas putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m, m, gaya dada putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m gaya punggung putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m gaya kupu-kupu putra dan putri 200 m gaya berganti perorangan putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, dan 1500 m gaya bebas putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m, m, 400 m gaya kupu-kupu Putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m gaya dada putra dan putri 100 m, 200 m gaya punggung putra dan putri
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a. K.U. IV,
b.K.U. III.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
50 m, 100 m, 200 m gaya bebas putra dan putri 100 m gaya dada putra dan putri 100 m gaya punggung putra dan putri 100 m gaya kupu-kupu putra dan putri 200 m gaya ganti perorangan putra dan putri 50 m, 100 m , 200 m, 400 m, 800 m gaya bebas putra dan putri 50 m, 100 m gaya dada putra dan putri 50 m, 100 m gaya punggung putra dan putri 50 m, 100 m gaya kupu-kupu putra dan putri 200 m gaya ganti prorangan putra dan putri
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yang berupa pemandian kaum raja dan kerabatnya, yang sekarang merupakan tempat wisata. Kemudian bangsa Belanda membawa renang ke Indonesia. Bangsa Belanda membuat kolam-kolam renang di Indonesia hanya untuk bangsa kulit putih raja. Sedangkan bangsa Indonesia tak diperbolehkan berenang. Kolam renang yang dibangun adalah: Cihampelas (Bandung), Cikini (Jakarta), Brantas (Surabaya), Manggarai (Jakarta), Tegalsari (Surabaya), Malang, Semarang, Cirebon, perusahaan/pabrik-pabrik (BPM,Stanva) Pabrik gula, tembakau, teh, yang berada.di Medan Palembang, Cepu. Pada tahun 1940 - 1945 renang kegiatannya berhenti karena Jepang masuk ke Indonesia. Tahun 1917 berdiri perkumpulan renang di Bandung yang bernama Bandungse Zwembond.,
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K.U. IV.
Gaya. Bebas Pa/Pi : 100 M, 200 M dan 30 M ( baru th.1990 ). Gaya. dada, Punggung dan kupu-kupu: 50 M dan 100 M. Pa/Pi. gaya berganti Pa/pi 200 M. K.U. III : Gaya bebas Pa/Pi : 50 M,100 M, 200 M, 400 M. Gaya dada, kupu-kupu dan Punggung : 100 M, 200 M. Gaya ganti perorangan Pa/Pi. : 400 Pdi. K.U. II Gaya bebas Pa/Pi : 50 M, 100 M, 400 M, 800(Pi), 1500 (PA). Gaya dada, kupu-kupu, Punggung : 100 M, 200 M. Gaya ganti perorangan Pa/Pi : 400 M. K.U= I = K.U, II = PON. Perkembangan renang sampai saat ini dari sisi jumlah pembangunan
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Orang melakukan m elakukan renang re nang karena kare na ada unsur senang pada renang ren ang tersebut. Tanpa ada rasa senang, orang tak mungkin akan datang pada kolam renang, meskipun tempat kolam renang itu jauh, airnya terasa dingin
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membutuhkan 4 atau 5 kali jam. Disini membutuhkan kesabaran, ketidak bosanan, dan keuletan. Unsur ini sangat diperlukan bagi setiap orang yang belajar renang. Karena setiap kali latihan selalu mengulangi gerakan yang
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1) Unsur kesenangan: Orang yang ingin belajar renang harus mempunyai rasa senang lebih dahulu. Dengan modal ini akan lebih mudah untuk bisa berenang.
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BIOMEKANIK RENANG
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Gambar 30 3)
4)
5)
Posisi lengan kiri berada pada entry dengan jari-jari masuk lebih dahulu. Sedang posisi lengan kanan pada tahap akhir dari tarikan.
Gambar 31 Posisi lengan kiri pada permulaan tarikan lengan, sedang posisi lengan lengan kanan berada pada tahap dorongan, telapak tangan berubah arah dari arah diagonal kearah paha kanan. Kecepatan dayung mencapai maksimal.
Gambar 32 Posisi lengan kiri masih pada permulaan tarikan lengan. Dengan arah telapak tangan agak ke luar. Sedangkan posisi lengan kanan pada akhir dari dorongan, di mana jari telah menyentuh paha.
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Gambar 33 6)
Pada dayung bebas. Dari entry jari-jari tangan, tarikan di mana lengan. dari keadaan lurus kemudian dibengkokkan dengan ke arah dalam, dan dorongan lengan di mana telapak tangan mengarahkan ke luar telapak tangan mula-mula menghadap keluar, kemudian menghadap ke dalam dan akhirnya menghadap ke luar lagi.
Pernafasan Pernafasan pada gaya bebas sangat mempengaruhi posisi badan untuk Stream line. Putaran untuk pernafasan haruslah dilaksanakan dengan axis (sumbu putaran) garis sepanjang badan, sehingga kepala tidak akan naik terlalu tinggi dari permukaan air. Bila putaran kepala pada sumbu putaran garis bahu, maka akibatnya kepala akan keluar dari permukaan air, dan hal ini sesuai dengan hukum Newton maka tubuh bagean bawah (pantat dan kaki) akan turun ke bawah, ini akan mengakibatkan badan tidak strean line, sehingga tahana depan menjadi besar. Harus ada irama tertentu antara lengan, tendangan kaki dan olengan badan. Bagai perenang dengan mengambilkan nafas ke arah kanan (menoleh ke kanan) adalah sebagai berikut; waktu berenang, permukaan air berada di antara garis rambut dan kening dengan posisi yang enak untuk kepala.Putar kepala (menoleh) ke arah lengan untuk mengambit nafas, pada saat lengan kanan ke dalam air
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bawah, dan mata melihat arah kolam. Pengeluaran nafas tepat sebelum kepala diputar untuk mengambil nafas kembali. Udara harus dibuang ke luar, sebelum mulut mulai mengambil nafas kembali.
Koordi nasi Geraka Gerakan n
Pada renang gaya bebas tidak ada aturan gerakan antara lengan dan kaki. Pokoknya kaki bergerak naik turun bergantian antara lengan kini dan Iengan kanan, maka ritme lengan kanan akan terjadi. Urutan gerakan gerakan tangan dengan dengan kaki pada gaya bebas
Gambar 34 1)
Sewaktu tangan kanan masuk ke dalam air dengan dengan cara cara menusuk tapak tangan menghadap ke luar dalam permukaan tarikan. Lengan kini dalam permulaan dorongan. Kaki kanan dalam permulaan tendangan dan kaki kini persiapan ke atas. Nafas dikeluarkan melalui mulut dan hidung.
Gambar 35 2)
Lengan kanan masih dalam tarikan, lengan telah berada setengah dari dorongan. Kaki dalam pelaksanaan tendangan dan kaki kini sedang digerakkan ke atas.
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3)
Gambar 36 Lengan kanan masih dalam tarikan, lengan kiri pada akhir dorongan. Kaki kanan pada akhir tendangan, sedangkan kaki dalam perjalanan ke atas.
4)
Gambar 37 Lengan kanan akan menekan ke bawah, iengan kini pada akhir akhir dorongan. Kaki kanan selesai melaksanakan tendangan kaki kiri pada permulaan tendangan.
5)
Gambar 38 Lengan kanan berada pada pada akhir tarikan, sedang mulai mengadakan rekaveri. Kaki kanan mulai naik ke atas dalam keadaan lurus. Sedang kaki kini pada pertengahan tendangan. Badan mulai oleng.
Gambar 39 6)
Lengan kanan pada akhir tarikan, lengan melaksanakan permulaan permulaan rekaveri dengan siku siku diangkat. Kaki kanan masih naik ke atas, kaki kiri, masih dalam pelaksanaan tendangan.
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Kaki kanan mencapai maksimal di atas dan kaki kiri pada tahap akhir dari tendangan. Badan oleag ke kiri, muka ke bawah arah kiri.
8)
9)
Gambar 41 Lengan kanan datam pelaksanaan pelaksanaan dorongan dengan sikap membengkok ke dalam. Lengan pada pertengahan rekaveri dan dengan siku tinggi. Kaki kanan mulai melakukan tendangan, kaki kini mulai di angkat ke atas pada olengan maksimal ke kiri
Gambar 42 Lengan kanan masih dalam dorongan, lengan kiri setengah perjalanan rekaveri. Kaki kanan pada tendangan, sedang kaki kiri naik ke atas dalam keadaan lurus.
Gambar 43 10) Lengan kanan dalam dorongan dengan tekukkan pada siku secara maksimal. Lengan kiri mulai entry. Kaki kanan pada akhir tendangan, sedang kaki kiri pada akhirnya gerakkan ke atas. Kepala mulai memutar ke arah kanan.
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Gambar 44 11) Lengan kanan masih dalam dorongan, telapak tangan mengarah ke garis badan, lengan kini telah menusuk ke air. Kaki kanan persiapan naik ke atas, kaki kini dalam pelaksanaan tendangan. Kepala menoleh ke kanan.
Gambar 45 12) Lengan kanan mendekati akhir dorongan, telapak tangan menghadap ke luar. Lengan kini dalam persiapan menarik. Kaki kanan dalam perjalanan ke atas lurus, kaki kini dalam perubahan tendangan.
Gambar 46 13) Lengan kanan pada akhir dorongan, lengani kiri dalam tarikan. Kaki kanan masih naik ke atas kaki kini pada akhir tendangan dengan sikap lurus. Kepala menoleh ke kanan dan pelaksanaan nafas dilaksanakan.
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Gambar 48 15) Lengan kanan dalam persiapan rekaveri, lengan kiri masih dalam tarikan: Kaki kanan dalam tendangan, kaki kini masih naik dengan lurus.
Gambar 49 16) Lengan kanan dalam perjalanan rekaveri siku tinggi, lengan kiri dan tarikan ke luar. Kaki tangan pada akhir tendangan, karena kaki kiri berada maksimal di atas.
Gambar 50 17) Lengan kanan pada pertengahan rekaveri, lengan kiri pada akhir tarikan. Kaki
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18) Lengan kanan hampir selesai rekaveri, lengan kiri mulai pada dorongan dengan rnengubah telapak tangan ke arah dalam. Kaki kanan dalam perjalanan ke atas dan kaki kiri dalam pelaksanaan tendangan. Bentuk Kesalahan dan latihan Bentuk kesalahan umum, diantaranya: a) Terlambat ambil nafas; b) Mengambil nafas terlalu dini; c) Kaki kurang rileks dan d) Sikap tubuh yang meliuk-liuk . Sedangkan Bentuk latihan yang dapat digunakan diantaranya adalah: a) Memegang tepi kolam, kemudian kepala menoleh kakanan atau kekiri untuk mengambil nafas; b) Memegang tepi kolam dengan salah satu tangan, tangan yang lain dilipat disebelah pinggang, apabila tangan yang memegang dinding kolam, tangan kiri mengambila nafas nafas dengan menoleh kearah kanan dan c) dengan bantuan alat papan latihan, ambil nafas dilakukan seperti di atas. Rangkuman Dengan singkat dapat disimpulkan gerakan kaki pada renang gaya bebas, adalah sebagai berikut: a) Gerakkan kaki dilakukan dengan balk turun pada bidang yang vertikal, bergantian antara kaki kanan dan kaki kiri; b) Gerakkan di mulai dari pangkal paha, dan pada gerakan menendang (ke bawah) tertekuk pada lutut, untuk kemudian diluruskan pada akhir tendangan; c) . Pada saat tendangan ditakukan, telapak kaki bergerak kaki keadaan lurus keadaan bengkok pada akhir dari tendangan. Jadi telapak kaki dari planter flexi dorso flexi; d) Gerakkan kaki ke atas dilakukan dengan sikap yang Iurus. Amplitado gerakkan, yaitu jarak antara suatu kaki maksimal di atas dan kaki yang lain maksimal di bawah kira-kira 25-40 cm. Sedangkan ritme atau kecepatan gerakan, tergantung dari masing masing perenang dan terutama jawak renang, ada yang: a) 2 tendangan kaki dalam dalam 1 kali
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1. Uraikan kesalahan umum gerakan kaki gaya bebas. 2. Jelaskan mengapa laju percepatan perenang terhambat jika posisi tubuh perenang naik-turun? 3. Irama dan frekuensi pukulan kaki gaya bebas ada beberapa macam, sebutkan ada berapa? Dan frekuensi berapa yang lazim digunakan perenang gaya bebas jawak 50 m dan 100 m? 4. Uraikan koordinasi gerakan kaki, tangan dan nafas?
GAYA PUNGGUNG (BACKSTROKE ATAU BACK CRAWL)
Teknik renang gaya punggung ada 5 (lima) hal yang perlu kita perhatikan, yaitu sebagai berikut: a. Posisi badan b. Gerakan kaki c. Gerakan lengan d. Pernafasan e. Koordinasi gerakan. Posisi Tubuh ( Body Position): a. Posisi Tubuh hydrodinamis atau streamline; hampir sejajar dengan permukaan air. Sikap ini dapat dilakukan apabila kaki yang digunakan cukup efektif. b. Irama kaki naik turun atau aksi kaki lebih dalam dibanding aksi kaki gaya bebas. c. Sikap kepala seperti tidur di air, sikap rileks tanpa harus mengarahkan pandangan kemana saja. Arah pandang maksimal 45° dengan sikap tubuh
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c.
d. e.
Saat kaki bergerak keatas permukaaan air bukan akibat lutut yang yang ditekuk hingga akhirnya dapat menendang, tapi tungkai kaki bawah yang akan menendang dan melecut. Sebagai patokan saa saatt tungkai kaki bawah turun, jarak dari permukaan air antara 30 - 40 cm. Daya lentuk pergelangan kaki mempunyai peranan besar untuk dorongan maju.
Bentuk-Bentuk Latihan: 1). Kolam dangkal; membelakangi dinding, kedua tangan memegang dinding, sikap terlentang, lakukan gerakan kaki naik turun seperti di atas. 2). Kolam dalam; menggunakan papan latihan untuk pegangan, dan lakukan gerakan kaki seperti di atas, sikap terlentang. 3). Tanpa papan latihan dengan tangan lures diatas kepala, kedua ibu Jari saling berkaitan, sikap tubuh terlentang lurus. Pernafasan Pernafasan (Breathing ) Pengambilan nafas seperti gaya bebas yaitu melalui mulut dan keluar melalui hidung bisa dilakukan dengan menoleh kekanan atau kekiri. Gerakan Gerakan Tangan (Hand Rotatio n) Dibagi menjadi lima fase : a. Fase masuknya tangan ke permukaan air (arm entry) 1) Masuknya tangan ke permukaan air terlebih dahulu kelingking, kelingk ing, telapak tangan mengarah keluar, kedalaman masuknya tangan akan sangat tergantung pada tingkat kelentukan (fleksibilitas). 2) Pada akhir putaran lengan, rotasi tubuh semaksimal mungkin yaitu
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4)
Hindarkan sikut tidak lebih dahulu ditarik. Berakibat turunnya sikut tanpa bermanfaat bergerak maju. d. Fase menekan (Presure) 1) Fase menekan adalah fase dimana tangan melakukan tekanan akhir. 2) Telapak tangan menghadap kedepan dengan arah sejajar panjang tubuh menghadap bagian bawah tubuh. Pada saat menekan bahu akan naik keatas. 3) Fase menekan dimulai dari bawah bagian bahu hingga berakhir pada kedalaman kurang lebih 20-30 cm dari punggung tangan keatas permukaan air. 4) Akhir dari fase tni dikerjakan dengan seluruh bagian lengan dan lecutan telapak tangan. e. Fase istirahat (Recovery) Fase ini dimulai setelah telapak tangan melakukan akhir fase menekan deng an lecutan hingga tangan keluar dari permukaan air dengan ibu jari terlebih dahulu keluar dan berakhir pada saat kelingking masuk ke permukaan air di atas kepala. Koo rdi nasi Kaki, Tangan Tangan d an Nafas. Nafas.
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4.
Uraikan bagaimana bentuk-bentuk latihan perbaikan kesalahan belajar teknik renang gaya punggung: a. Kesalahan pada gerakan kaki! b. Kesalahan pada gerakan tangan! c. Kesalahan pada pernafasan! d. Kesalahan pada koordinasi gerakan kaki, tangan dan nafas!
GAYA KUPU-KUPU (BUTTERFLY (BUTTERFLY STROKE A TAU DOLPHIN STROKE STROKE )
Sebelum orang mengenal teknik renang gaya kupu-kupu seperti sekarang ini yakni kupu-kupu (dolphin stroke), dikenal teknik renang gaya kupu-kupu kaki dada (Butterfly Breaststroke), secara skema dapat dilihat pada gambar 52 berikut. Tetapi dewasa ini, teknik renang gaya kupu-kupu yang lazim digunakan dalam perlombaan adalah gaya kupu-kupu (dolphin stroke).
GAYA KUPU-KUPU
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sikap kepala ada 3 macam : (Leonid Makarenko PHD - USSR), saat fase masuknya tangan; a. Kepala masuk lebih dalam hingga di bawah lengan b. Kepala hampir sejajar dengan lengan c. Kepala di atas lengan Gerakan Kaki (Kicking): a. Gerakan kaki naik-turun secara kontinyu dengan sumber tenaga pada pangkal paha. b. Fase istirahat pada gerakan kaki dilakukan saat kaki naik keatas dan fase bekerja disaat kaki menekan kebawah dan diakhiri dengan lecutan punggung kaki. c. Gerakan kaki kaki pada dasarnya terdiri dari dua tekanan yaitu yaitu tekanan KUAT dan tekanan LEMAH. d. Naik-turun kedua kaki berada pada satu bidang datar. e. Tingkat kelentukan kaki sangat diperlukan (engkel kaki). f. Tekanan gerakan kaki bagi mereka yang yang baru belajar, terpenting adalah melakukan gerak naik-turun pada satu bidang datar. g. Saat kedua kaki melipat pada lutut (fase istirahat) sudut yang dibentuk pada
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Gerakan Gerakan Tangan (Hand Rotatio n): Secara umum geakan tangan atau rotasi Terdiri dari beberapa fase yaitu : a. Fase masuk tangan kepermukaan air (Entry phase): 1) Didahului dengan kedua ujung Jari 2) Didahului dengan kedua ibu jari, sebagai akibat masuknya ibu Jari Jari lebih dahulu inaka kedua telapak tangan akan menghadap keluar. 3) Dilakukan hingga sejajar bahu dan yang yang satu lagi hingga kedua tangan saling bersentuhan di depan. b. Fase membuka dan menangkap menangkap atau menyapu keluar (catch phase atau outward sweep): 1) Dilakukan dengan dengan terlebih dahulu membuka keluar hingga diakhiri dengan menangkap melalui lengkungan telapak tangan dan sudut yang dibentuk antara ibu Jari dengan telapak tangan adalah 38°-62°. 2) Fase membuka keluar agar diperhatikan sudut yang yang dibentuk antara telapak tangan dengan air dimana prinsip menyapu menjadi landasan dasarnya, sudut berkisar antara 30° - 40°. c. Fase menarik atau fase menyapu kedalam (Pull phase atau inward sweep):
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2) 3)
Untuk putra sikut cenderung tinggi. Ketika kedua tangan keluar dari permukaan air setelah melakukan dorongan, agar diperhatikan saat keluarnya telapak tangan tetap mengahadap kedalam, sehingga telapak tangan keluar pada satu lubang dengan garis lurus yang memanjang tubuh.
Pernafasan Pernafasan (Breathing ): a. Mengambil nafas pada gaya kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan mengangkat kepala dengan arah pandangan kedepan dan mengambil nafas dengan arah pandangan kesamping melalui putaran leher. b. Bagi mereka yang barn belajar dengan bantuan bahu, sedangkan yang sudah terlath dilakukan dengan bantuan lentingan tubuh. c. Contoh bentuk latihan, di tempat dangkal; mengambil sikap membungkuk di tepi kolam kedua kaki tetap pada keadaan berdiri di dasar kolam. Lipatlah kedua lengan di punggung sehingga kepala leluasa mengambil nafas. Kerjakan ambil nafas di atas permukaan air setelah kepala diangkat tinggi, kemudian setelah beberapa lama buanglah sisa pembakaran melalui hidung di bawah permkaan air.
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3. 4. 6.
Uraikan rangkaian gerakan kaki pada teknik renang gaya kupu-kupu (dolphin stroke)? Uraikan rangkaian perbaikan kesalahan gerakan kaki kupu-kupu? kupu-kupu ? Jelaskan gerakan tangan gaya kupu-kupu! Dan ada berapa tahapan gerakan tangan gaya kupu-kupu?
GAYA DADA (BREASTSTROKE) SikapTubuh SikapTubuh (Body Position)
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Gerakan Gerakan Tangan (Hand (Hand Rotation ) a. Rotasi gerak pada versi Amerika Utara; tidak menggunakan push (outward and catch - pull - recovery atau fase membuka dan menangkap - fase menari fase istirahat). b. Rotasi gerak versi Eropa Timur menggunakan fase mendorong (push), dengan rangkaian gerak fase membuka dan menangkap - fase menarik - fase mendorong - fase istirahat atau outward and catc - pull - push - recovery. c. Pelatih renang asal Canada, memodifikasi gerak gaya dada versi Eropa Timur. d. Kedalaman lenganftangan dibawah permukaan air ketika melakukan fase istirahat sekitar 15-20 cm bagi versi Arnerika Utara.
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2. 3. 4. 6.
Sebut dan jelaskan bentuk kesalahan umum yang dilakukan perenang pada saat belajar teknik renang gaya dada ? Uraikan rangkaian gerakan kaki pada teknik renang gaya dada? Uraikan rangkaian perbaikan kesalahan gerakan kaki dada dan tangan? Jelaskan gerakan tangan gaya dada ! Dan ada berapa tahapan gerakan tangan gaya dada?
START, PEMBAL PEMBAL IKAN DAN FINISH Start
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Gambar 53 3)
Grab start; bentuk start ini dilakukan setelah mendapat aba-aba start "awaaass!", perenang maju/ sudah siap di ujung balok start dan mengambil sikap, dimana kedua ibu jari kaki dan kedua telapak tangan berada pada bibir balok start. Kedua telapak tangan pada sikap untuk slap mendorong dan
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pada sikap untuk slap mendorong dan kemudian serentak dengan aba-aba peluit atau bentuk lain semacamnya. Doronglah tembok balok start itu hingga memaksa tubuh miring kedepan dan serentak dengan posisi akan jatuh kedua kaki menolak dari bibir balok start sehingga membawa tubuh melayang diatas permukaan air, ketika sikap melayang itu luruskan tubuh dengan kedua lengan tetap berada pada posisi lurus didepan dada dan bersamaan dengan tubuh akan jatuh masuk permukaan air, masukkan bagian kepala dalam sikap menunduk hingga kepala itu masuk berada di celah-celah kedua lengan Lihat gambar 54.(Catatan pelaksanaannya sama dengan Grab Start, hanya berbeda pada posisi kaki pada saat aba-aba awass).
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a. b.
Pembalikan tanpa salto, dapat dilakukan untuk gaya-gaya bebas, punggung, dada dan kupu-kupu. Dengan salto, dapat dilakukan hanya untuk gaya punggung dan gaya bebas saja.
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3)
Salto dengan sikap gaya punggung (Kiefer Back Salto)
Bentuk salto pada gaya punggung ada 4 (empat) macam yaitu : a) Salto kesamping (Flip turn) Gambar 57
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Gambar 59
e) Salto penuh seperti salto renang gaya bebas.
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2. CROSSOVER TURN Gambar 62
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1.
Uraikan tugas pokok Ketua Perlombaan Renang (Referee) perlombaan perlombaan renang? 2. Jelaskan tugas-tugas pokok Stater? 3. Jelaskan tugas-tugas pokok Juri Pembalikan? 4. Jelaskan tugas-tugas pokok Juri Gaya? 5. Jelaskan tugas-tugas pokok pokok ketua sekretariat perlombaan /pengelola data? data? 6. Jelaskan prosedur penjurian pencatatan waktu otomatis? 7. Buat buku acara dengan melakukan peletakan perenang sesuai dengan ca tatan waktu pendaftaran dengan sistem langsung final? 8. Buat buku acara dengan melakukan peletakan perenang sesuai dengan ca tatan waktu pendaftaran dengan sistem seri dan langsung final? 9. Buat buku acara dengan melakukan peletakan perenang sesuai dengan catatan waktu penyisihan dengan sistem final? 10. Salah satu pembenaran mendiskualifikasi perenang salah gaya dada adalah?
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6 MANAJEMEN PERLOMBAAN RENANG
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar ini, anda diharapkan dapat menjelaskan, menguraikan, memahami dan melakukan penyusunan : 1. Kepanitian penyelenggara perlombaan renang dengan baik, lancar dan dan sukses. 2. Penempatan individu sebagai wasit/juri/petugas wasit/juri/petug as perlombaan renang sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya. 3. Penyusunan proposal dan laporan penyelenggaraan perlombaan renang dengan baik, benar dan tepat.
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CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANI ORGANISASI SASI PANITIA PANIT IA PENYELENGGARA PENYELEN GGARA PERLOMBAAN RENANG PELINDUNG PENASEHAT KETUA UMUM Sekretaris & WKL Bendahara & WKL Humas/Publikasi/ Dokumentasi
KETUA I KABID. UMUM
Seksi : Konsumsi Protokuler (Acara, Terima Tamu, UPP) Peralatan Keamanan Kesehatan Akomodasi Transportasi Dsb.
KETUA II KABID. DANA
Seksi: Seksi: Sponsor/Stand Jual Pendaftaran & Denda Penjual Buku Acara dan Hasil Karcis Masuk KR. Karcis Parkir
KETUA III KABID.
Petugas Lomba: Panitia Hakim (3) Ketua Perlombaan Sekretariat/Recorder (1), (Pembawa Acara, Olah Data (4)) P. Pengatur Perenang (2) P. Isyarat Start (2) P. Start Salah? (2) Juri Gaya (4) Juri Pembalikan (1) + Anggota (8) Juri Waktu (1) + Anggota (24)
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CONTOH STRUKTUR ORGANISASI PANITIA PENYELENGGARA PERLOMBAAN RENANG
PANITIA BESAR POPNAS 2008
KETUA PANPEL
WAKIL KETUA
Sekretaris Bendahara Dok/Publikasi
Petugas Lomba: Panitia Hakim Ketua Lomba Sekretariat?Ka Olah Data, Pembawa Acara, Olah Data P. Pengatur Perenang P. Isyarat Start P. Start Salah? Juri Gaya
Seksi: Konsumsi Protokuler (UPP, Terima Tamu) Peralatan Keamanan Kesehatan Transportasi? Jual Buku Acara +
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PELINDUNG PENASEHAT KETUA UMUM Sekretaris & WKL Bendahara & WKL Humas/Publikasi/ Dokumentasi
KETUA I KABID. UMUM
Seksi : • •
• • • • • •
Konsumsi Protokuler (Acara, Terima Tamu, UPP) Peralatan Keamanan Kesehatan Akomodasi Transportasi Dsb.
KETUA II KABID. DANA
Seksi: •
•
•
•
• •
Sponsor/Stand Jual Pendaftaran & Denda Penjual Buku Acara dan Hasil Karcis Masuk KR. Karcis Parkir Dsb.
KETUA III KABID. PERLOMBAAN
Petugas Lomba: Panitia Hakim (3) Ketua Perlombaan Sekretariat/Recorder (1), (Pembawa Acara, Olah Data (4)) P. Pengatur Perenang (2) P. Isyarat Start (2) P. Start Salah? (2) Juri Gaya (4) Juri Pembalikan (1) + Anggota (8) Juri Waktu (1) + Anggota (24) Juri Kedatangan (1) + Anggota? (8-16) • • •
•
• • • •
•
•
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Rangkuman
Agar dapat menyusun menyusun struktur struktur kepanitian kepanitian dan personal personal penyelen penyelenggaraan ggaraan perlombaan renang dengan baik, benar dan baik, maka pengetahuan manajemen perlombaan dan pengalaman sebagai penyelenggara perlombaan renang cukup membantu.
Latihan soal:
1. Coba buat struktur wasit/juri dan petugas perlombaan renang KU secara baik dan benar. 2. Buat uraian tugas pokok dan fungsi (Tupoksi) masing-masing per sonal dalam kepanitian penyelenggara perlombaan renang.
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA PUSTAKA
DepDikBud, Dirjen DikLusMudora, 1978-1979. Pedoman Mengajar dan Teknik Loncat Indah Modern Modern.. Jakarta. DepDikBud, Dirjen DikLusMudora, 1982-1983 . Cara Belajar dan Mengajar Renang . Jakarta. Berenang , Penerbit Pionir Jaya, Bandung. David Haller, 1982. Belajar Berenang, Pedom an Dasar Membi Membi na Olahraga Renang Renang Prestasi. Dadeng Kurnia, 1993. Pedom Jakarta.
Ernest W Maglischo, 1982 . Swimming Faster, By Mayfield Publishing Company, USA. Endang Suwarno. 2000. Pembelajaran Dengan Modul Paket Belajar, Materi: Semiloka Pengembangan Budaya Kewirausahaan, tgl. 17-31 Januari 2000, LPM UNESA Surabaya. General rules, swimming, diving, FINA Hand Book, 20005-2009. polo, synchro nized swimming and open water . Sweden.
water
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Ngasmain. 1997. Renang Menolong dan PPPK , Bima Loka, Buletin Ilmiah Populer, Edisi: 7/IV/Mei/1997, FPOK-IKIP Surabaya. PRSI,…… Peraturan Peraturan Pertand Pertand ing an Renang Renang. Jakarta, PB.PRSI.
Tim Dosen Renang, 1991. Renang I. UNIPRESS IKIP Surabaya. Trinowati T dan Moekarto M, 2000. Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan. Penerbit Universitas Terbuka.
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DATA PRIBADI PENYUSUN Data Data Pribadi: Nama Lengkap Tempat dan Tanggal Lahir Pekerjaan Alamat Rumah Rumah
Alamat Kantor Kantor
E-mail
: Drs. Hari Gunawan : Malang, 27 April 1966 : Dosen FPOK IKIP Mataram : Jalan KH. KH. Mansyur Mansyur II/12 Dasansari Dasansari Ampenan Ampenan . Kode Post Post 85115 85115 : FPOK IKIP Mataram Mataram Jalan Pemuda No. 59 A Mataram , Telp. (0370) 632082 : harigunawanebes@rocketmail.
[email protected] com
Pengalaman Organisasi: 1. Ketua Bidang Iptek Olahraga KONI Provinsi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat 2. Ketua Umum Penggurus Provinsi Cricket Nusa Tenggara Barat 3. Ketua Bidang Pembinaan dan Prestasi Pengurus Provinsi PRSI Nusa Tenggara Barat 4. Ketua Bidang Diklat dan Litbang Pengurus Provinsi Spesial Olympic Indonesia (SOINA) Nusa Tenggara Barat Pengalaman Pengalaman Sertifik asi Pelatih, Melatih Melatih dan Wasit: 1. Wasit Tenis Lapangan Tingkat Nasional, sertifikasi Tahun 1994 2. Pelatih Renang Tingkat Daerah, sertifikasi Tahun 1996 3. Pelatih Tingkat Nasional Cricket, sertifikasi tahun 2004 4. Umpire Tingkat Regional Cricket, sertifikasi tahun 2007 5. Instruktur Nasional Pembelajaran Penjas, Sertifikasi Tahun 2006
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