Buku Petunjuk Praktikum Farmasi Klinik

 

MT@T [DYTAFT@ []G@YC@TE HG]EG^C @JCAC@ 

Icsusua bjdl 6 YCE IB^DA ^C HG]EG^C

[]BO]GE ^YTIC ^C HG]EG^C ^YC@D^ MLG@YC LT^GIG ETJCG EGICTA =;=;

7

 

CIDAYCYG^ [DECJC@ MT@T

Ageg

6 …………………………………………………......

ACE

6 …………………………………………………......

Gjgegt

6 …… ……… ……………………………………………......

G[GMCJG EDADET@GA MT@T CAC LG]G[ IC@DEMGJC@GA IDAOGA EDAOLTMTAOC CIDAYCYG^ IC GYG^

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@GYG [DAOGAYG] 

[ufc [u fc sy syu` u`ur ur `dlg `dlgic icrg rgtt Gjjg Gjjgll ^_ ^_Y Y gtgs gtgs sdjd sdjdsg sgca cayg yg pday pdayus usua uaga ga [dtu [dtuaf afu`  u`  [rg`tc`u [rg`tc `ue e ^w ^wged gedic` ic`gsc gsc uat uatu` u` egl eglgsc gscswg swg prbic prbic ^C Hgr Hgregs egscc ^d`bjg ^d`bjgll Yca Ycaooc ooc Cjeu Cjeu @dsdlgtga Mlg`tc Lusgig Eujcg Egicua. Mu`u pdtuafu` prg`tc`ue cac icsusua idaoga tufuga uatu` edemgatu eglgscswg ig igpg pgtt jdmc jdmcll ed edeg eglg lgec ec swge swgedi dic` c`gs gscc ic mcig mcigao ao `dhg `dhgre regs gscg cgaa gogr gogr edep edepdr dreu euig igll eglgscswg edafgjga`ga prg`td` `dhgregscga sdngrg prbhdscbagjcsed mdrsgeg tdagog `dsdlgtga jgca. [dayususa edaygigrc mglwg mu`u cac egscl mdjue sdepurag, uatu` ctu sgrga iga `rctc` igrc sdfgwgt egupua eglgscswg pdsdrtg prg`tc`ue g`ga sgaogt mdregahggt uatu` pdrmgc`ga pgig dicsc mdrc`utayg. ^debog mu`u cac igpgt mdregahggt igjge edemgatu edepdrigjge pdeglgega tdatgao swgedic`gsc.

Egicua, ^dptdemdr =;=;

[dayusua

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XC^C, EC^C IGA YTFTGA []BO]GE ^YTIC ^C HG]EG^C ^YC@D^ MLG@YC LT^GIG ETJCG EGICTA Xcsc [rbic ^7Hgregsc

Edafgi Eda fgicc [rbic [rbic ^7 Hgr Hgregs egscc yga ygaoo mdr mdr`ug `ugjct jctgs gs idaoga idaoga edaolg edaolgscj scj`ga `ga jujusg jujusgaa ^grfga ^grfgagg Hgregs Hgr egscc ygao ygao uao uaoouj ouj iga mdr mdrigy igygg sgc sgcao ao igj igjge ge mcigao mcigao hgr hgregs egscc `jcacs, `jcacs, mdr mdrceg cegaa iga  mdrtgqwg pgig tglua =;=4. Ecsc [rbic ^7Hgregsc

7. Edaydj Edaydjdaoo daoogrg`ga grg`ga pde pdemdjgf mdjgfgrga grga `dhgre `dhgregscga gscga sdn sdngrg grg cabvg cabvgtch tch sdsug sdsugcc stgaig stgaigrr prbhdsc uatu` edaolgscj`ga jujusga ygao tdrgepcj iga mdr`ugjctgs. =. Edaydj Edaydjdao daoogr ogrg`g g`gaa pda pdadjc djctcga tcga igjge rgao` rgao`gg pda pdadrgp drgpga ga iga pdaodemg pdaodemgaog aogaa cje cjeuu iga td`abjboc `dhgregscga. >. Edaydj Edaydjdao daoogr ogrg`g g`gaa `do `docgt cgtga ga pda pdaogm ogmicg icgaa egs egsygr ygrg`g g`gtt icmcig icmcigao ao `dhgre `dhgregsc gscga ga yga ygaoo  mdreutu igjge edaolgscj`ga suemdr igyg egauscg ygao mdrmuic julur iga `bepdtda. 9. Edaydj Edaydjdaoo daoogrg`ga grg`ga tgt tgtgg `djbjg [[rbic rbic ^7 HHgregsc gregsc ygao ygao g`u g`uatgmd atgmdjj sdrtg edaydicg edaydicg`ga `ga jgyg jgygag agaa sgrg sgrgag ag iga iga prgs prgsgr grga gagg ygao ygao edai edaiu` u`ua uaoo eu eutu tu jg jgyg ygag agaa prbo prborg rge e stuic^7Hgregsc. 4. Edaue Edauemul` mul`ga ga fcwg datdrp datdrprdadur rdadur yygao gao mmdrjgai drjgaigs`ga gs`ga ccega ega ig igaa tgqw tgqwg. g. 8. Edemga Edemgaoua oua ``dec dectrg trgga ga ic mcigao mcigao `d `dsdl sdlgtg gtga. a. ?. Edaode Edaodemgao` mgao`ga ga pdaod pdaodtglug tglugaa tdatgao tdatgao hgregs hgregscc ``jcacs jcacs Yufuga [rbic ^7Hgregsc

7. Ydrsd Ydrsdjdaoo jdaoogrgayg grgayg pdemdjgfgrga pdemdjgfgrga g`gide g`gidec` c` `dhgregscg `dhgregscgaa ygao cabvgtch sdsugc stgaig stgaigr  r   prbhdsc uatu` edaolgscj`ga jujusga [rborge stuic ^7 hgregsc ygao tdrgepcj iga  mdr`ugjctgs. =. Edaolgscj`ga pdadjctcga ygao mdr`ugjctgs ua uatu` tu` pdao pdaodemgaoga demgaoga cjeu `dhgregscga. >. Ydrsdjdaoogrgayg `docgtga pdaogmicga egsygrg`gt iicc mci mcigao gao ``dhgregscga. dhgregscga.

9

 

9. Ydr Ydrsdj sdjdao daoogr ogrgay gaygg pda pdaodj odjbjg bjgga ga prborg prborge e stuic stuic ^7 Hgr Hgregs egscc ygao ygao g`uatg g`uatgmdj mdj sdrtg sdrtg edaydicg`ga jgygaga sgrgag iga prgsgrgag ygao edaiu`uao eutu jgygaga prborge stuic ^7 Hgregsc. 4. Ed Edao aolg lgsc scj` j`ga ga eg eglg lgsc scsw swgg ^7 Hg Hgre regs gscc ygao ygao edec edecjc jc`c `c fc fcwg wg datd datdrp rprd rdad adur  ur   mdrjgaigs`ga cega iga tgqwg. 8. Ydrncp Ydrncptgayg tgayg lumua lumuaoga oga mgc` gatgrg castctus castctuscc `dsdl `dsdlgtga gtga mgc` tcao`gt agscbagj agscbagj egupua catdragscbagj. ?. Edaol Edaolgscj` gscj`ga ga eglgscswg eglgscswg ^7 Hgregsc Hgregsc ygao edepuay edepuaygc gc `degepuga `dtrge `dtrgepcjga pcjga ygao mgc` igjge mcigao hgregsc `jcac`.

4

 

YGYG YD]YCM []G@YC@TE HG]EG^C @JCAC@ G.

]TGA ]TGAO O JCAO JCAO@ @T[ []G@ ]G@YC@T YC@TE E

[rg`tc`ue Hgregsc @jcac` edrupg`ga mgocga igrc pdadrgpga egtg `ujcgl Hgregsc Hgreg sc @jcac` ygao edepdjgfgrc edepdjgfgrc tgtg jg`sga jg`sgagg tdrgpc pgig scstde pdandragga iga  pdragpgsga, sdlcaoog prg`tc`ue cac icmdrc`ga idaoga tufuga gogr eglgscswg jdmcl egep eg epuu edeg edeglg lgec ec mdrm mdrmgo gogc gc tdb tdbrc rc igsg igsgrr ygao ygao td tdjg jgll edrd edrd`g `g pdrb pdrbjd jdll igjg igjge e edogpj edo gpjc`g c`gsc` sc`ga ga pgi pgigg sdf sdfuej uejgl gl `gs `gsus us pgi pgigg oga ogaoou oouga ga scs scstde tde pdandra pdandragga gga iga  pdragpgsga. [rg`tc [rg `tc`u `ue e cac drgt `gc `gctga tgaayg ayg ida idaoga oga pb`b` pb`b` mgl mglgsg gsgaa eda edaoda odagc gc prcasc prcascpp prcascp hgreg`btdrgpc rgscbagj, gagtbec iga hcscsbjboc scstde pdandragga iga  pdragpgsga, hgreg`btdrgpc pgig mdrmgogc pdayg`ct scstde pdandragga iga  pdragpgsga. M.

YGYG YGYG YD]Y YD]YCM CM IGA IGA [DJG [DJG@^ @^GA GAGG GGA A []G@ []G@YC YC@T @TE E 7.

Yg Ygtg tg Ydrt Ydrtcm cm [rg` [rg`tc tc`u `ue e

g. Egl Eglgsc gscswg swg lgi lgicr cr 74 eda edact ct sdmdj sdmdjue ue prg` prg`tc` tc`ue ue iceu iceujgc jgc idaoga idaoga edaodag edaodag`ga `ga  fgs prg`tc`ue, edaocsc gmsdasc iga edaoueuj`ga tuogs-tuogs ygao icmdrc`ga bjdl ibsda pdemcemcao sdmdjueayg.  m. Eglgscswg lgrus edaidaogr`ga iga daoc`utc pdtuafu` ygao icmdrc`ga bjdl ibsda pdemcemcao n. Egl Eglgsc gscswg swg eda edafgjg fgjga`g a`gaa prg prg`tc `tc`u `ue e ida idaoga oga sua suaoou ooull „ suaoou suaooull iga pdaul pdaul  pdrlgtcga i. Eglgscswg Eglgscswg tcig` tcig` mbjdl e edacao dacaoogj`g ogj`gaa prg`tc`ue prg`tc`ue / rugaoga rugaoga tgapg tgapg sdcfca iibsda bsda  pdemcemcao d. Eg Eglg lgsc scsw swgg wg wgfc fcmm ed edao aoc` c`ut utcc prdt prdtds dstt ygao ygao ic icjg jg`u `u`g `gaa sdmd sdmdju jue e pr prg` g`tc tc`u `ue e iceujgc sdmgogc sygrgt edaoc`utc prg`td`. Eglgscswg ygao edaigpgt acjgc  prdtdst `urgao igrc 8; eg`g tcig` mdrlg` mdrlg` edaoc`utc prg`tc`ue. h. ^dt ^dtdjg djgll prg`tc`u prg`tc`ue e sdjdsgc, sdjdsgc, eglgscs eglgscswg wg edem edemugt ugt jgpb jgpbrga rga rdsec rdsec prg`t prg`tc`u c`ue e iga ic ic`u `uep epuj uj`g `gaa `dpg `dpgig ig ibsd ibsdaa pdem pdemce cemc mcao ao sdsu sdsugc gc idao idaoga ga hb hbre regt gt ygao ygao icsdicg`ga, sdmgogc sygrgt edaodrfg`ga `gsus mdrc`utayg. 8

 

o. Gpgmc Gpgmcjg jg egl eglgsc gscswg swg mdrlg mdrlgjga jgaoga oga lgicr lgr lgrgp gp ede edemdr mdrctgl ctglu`g u`gaa sdmdju sdmdjueay eaygg sdngrg tdrtujcs l. Eglg Eglgsc scsw swgg ygao ygao ed edai aigp gpgt gt`g `gaa cfca cfca g`ga g`ga ic icmd mdrc rc `dsd `dsdep epgt gtga ga ed edao aoc` c`ut utcc  prg`tc`ue sdsugc idaoga egtdrc egtdrc prg`tc`ue c. Mgoc Mgoc eglgscsw eglgscswgg ygao ygao edao edaoujg ujgao, ao, wgf wgfcm cm edaooga edaoogatc tc prg` prg`tc` tc`ue ue sdsu sdsugc gc idao idaoga ga tbpc` prg`tc`ue ygao tcig` icc`utc. =.

[d [djg jg`s `sga gagg gga a [rg` [rg`tc tc`u `ue e

g. Eglgs Eglgscswg cswg icmgoc icmgoc iigjge gjge `djb `djbepb` epb`,, sdtcgp sdtcgp `djbe `djbepb` pb` tdricrc tdricrc gtgs > „ 9 brgao brgao  m. ^sdtcgp `djbepb` icmdrc 7 `gsus uatu` icmglgs, `gsus icmdrc`ga sgtu ecaoou sdmdjue pdjg`sgagga prg`tc`ue iga pdadjususrga cahbregsc/mrbwscao edjgjuc catdradt icjg`u`ga ic jugr fge prg`tc`ue n. Egscao-egscao

`djbepb`

wgfcm

edaodemgao`ga

`gssus

iga

edaogagjcsgayg. [daodemgaoga `gsus gatgr `djbepb` tcig` mbjdl sgeg. i. Lgsc Lgscjj gagj gagjcs cscs cs ictu ictuga gao` o`ga ga igjg igjge e jgpb jgpbrg rgaa sded sdedat atgrg grg prg` prg`tc tc`u `ue e ygao ygao lgru lgruss icsdrg ics drgl`g l`gaa / ict ictuaf uafu`` u``ga ga pgi pgigg ibsda ibsda pde pdemce mcemca mcaoo prg prg`tc `tc`u `ue e pgig pgig sggt sggt  prg`tc`ue d. [gi [gigg g`l g`lcr cr prg`t prg`tc`u c`ue, e, eglgscs eglgscswg wg wgfcm eda edaoue ouepuj puj`ga `ga jgpbrga jgpbrga rdsec rdsec ygao ygao edrupg`ga pdaydepuragga igrc jgpbrga sdedatgrg prg`tc`ue N.

YGY YGYG NG] NG]G G [D [DEMTGY MTGYGA GA JG[B] G[B]GA GA

Jgpbrga sdedatgrg prg`tc`ue Hgregsc @jcac` icmugt sdmdjue lgrc prg`tc`ue  mdrjgaosuao edaoouag`ga hbregt ygao tdrsdicg. ^digao`ga jgpbrga rdsec  prg`tc`ue Hgregsc @jcac`ictujcs idaoga idaoga urutga tgtg tujcs sdmgogc mdrc`ut 6 7. [daiglujug [daiglujuga, a, ygao mdrcsc tufu tufuga ga iga jgaigsga tdbr tdbrcc ygao rdjdvga idaog idaogaa tbpc`   prg`tc`ue =. Trgcg Trgcgaa `gs `gsus us >. Gagjcscs Gagjcscs iga pdaydjdsgcga pdaydjdsgcga `gsu `gsuss tdr`gct rgscba rgscbagjctgs gjctgs tdrgp tdrgpcc 9. @dsc @dscep epuj ujga ga Jgpbrg Jgp brgaa rds rdsec ec tdrtuj tdrtujcs cs icm icmugt ugt sdngrg sdngrg hbregj hbregj,, icmdrc icmdrc sgepuj sgepuj mdrcsc mdrcsc tbpc`  tbpc`   prg`tc`ue, objbaoga, `djbepb` iga ageg sdrtg abebr caiu` eglgscswg goobtg `djbepb` iga ageg ibsda pdemcemcao prg`td` pgig egtdrc tdrsdmut. Jgpbrga ?

 

rdsec ic`uepuj`ga sdcaoou sdmdjue lgrc prg`tc`ue sdmdjueayg. I.

^C^YDE [DACJGCGA

D.

[rdtds

6 74%

@dtrgepcjga prg`td`

6 =4%

Jgpbrga

6 =;%

]dspbasc

6 9;%

[T^YG@G GNTGA

Mu`u ygao wgfcm ic mgwg tcgp `djbepb` sggt prg`tc`ue 6 7.

ECE^0

=.

C^B tdrmgru0

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CBAC0

9.

Icpc Icpcrb rb dt gj, gj, [[lg lgre regn gnbt btld ldrg rgpy py Gppr Gpprbg bgnl nl

4.

Ib Ibrj rjga gaii dt dt j., j., @g @geu euss @di @dibb`tdr `tdrga ga00

8.

MAH ( Mrctcsl  Mrctcsl Agtcbagj Hbreujgry)

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Iruos.nbe

.

[ded [dedrc` rc`sg sgga ga ppda daua uafg fgao ao ((jg jgmb mbrg rgtb tbrc rcue ue,, D@O, D@O, rrgi gicb cbjb jboc oc))

9.

Ng Ngtg tgtg tgaa pdag pdagtg tgjg jg`s `sgga gga pd pdai aidr drct ctgg edjc edjcpu putc tc tca tcaig ig`g `gaa tdrgpc tdrgpc bmgt bmgt (ageg (ageg bmgt bmgt,, rdoceda ibscs) iga tcaig`ga tdrgpc aba bmgt

4. N.

[g [grg rghh iga iga ageg ageg ib`t ib`tdr dr ygao ygao ed edag agao aoga gacc EDYBI DYBID D [D [DASDJ SDJD^GC D^GCGA GA @G^T^ ^T^

Igjge Igj ge prg prg`tc `tc`ue `ue Hgr Hgregs egscc @jc @jcac` ac`,, scs scstde tdegtc gtc`g `g prg`tc prg`tc`ue `ue mdrsdr mdrsdrtg tg pdaid` pdaid`gtg gtgaa egsgjglayg gigjgl sdmgoc mdrc`ut 6 3

 

7.

Yufuga

=.

Jgtgr Mdjg`gao

>.

[d [daayg yge epgcg pgcgaa `gsu gsus sdi sdidr drllgag gag g. Igtg pgscda pgscda jdao`g jdao`gpp (cidatc (cidatctgs tgs pgscda pgscda,, igtg hcsc`, iga oodfgjg dfgjg spdschc`) spdschc`)  m. Icgoabsg iga pdaydmgm n. Xgrcgsc Xgrcgsc `bais `baiscc pgscda (hc (hcscbjb scbjboc oc iga pgt pgtbjboc bjbocss

9.

Ga Gagj gjcs cscs cs `gsus `gsus ida idaog ogaa edtb edtbid id ^BG ^BG[[ (^umf (^umfdn dntc tcvd, vd, Bmfd Bmfdnt ntcv cvd, d, Gssds Gssdsse seda dat,t, [jga)

4.

Ygtgjg`sgag tdrgpc Mdrcsc egnge-egnge bmgt ygao icouag`ga pgig `gsus ygao icmglgs, mgc`  uatu` pdayg`ct utgeg egupua pdayg`ct pdaydrtgayg g. Ageg Ageg bmgt bmgt  m. Ed`gacsed g`scayg n. @batrgcaic @batrgcaic`gsc `gsc iga dhd` sgepc sgepcao ao

8.

Dvgjugsc bm bmgt td tdrpcjcl g. Bmgt tdrpcjcl tdrpcjcl,, gjgsga iga iga dvci dvcidand dand ygo e edaiu` daiu`uao uao (jctdrgturd)  m. Ibscs, hrd`udasc, iurgsc, iga ngrg pdemdrcga bmgt pgig `gsus ygao icmglgs n. Catdrg`sc

bmgt,

sdsugc

idaoga

bmgt

ygao

icouag`ga

iga

 pdatgjg`sgaggaayg i. Gagjcscs Gagjcscs mcgyg mcgyg,, sdsugc ida idaoga oga bmgt yga ygaoo icoua icouag`ga g`ga ?.

[demglgsga

. HG]E (Hcaicao (Hcaicao Gssdsseda Gssdssedatt ]ds ]dsbjutc bjutcba ba E Ebactb bactbrcao) rcao)

7

 

[]G@YC@TE C  ICGMDYD^ EDJJCYT^ 

G. [DAI [DAIGL GLTJ TJTG TGA A

Icgmdtds Edjjctus (IE) gigjgl pdayg`ct edtgmbjc` ygao `dmgayg`ga ldrdictdr, idaoga tgaig-tgaig lcpdrojc`decg iga oju`bsurcg, icsdrtgc idaoga gtgu tcig` gig odfgjg `jcacs g`ut gtgupua `rbacs sdmgogc g`cmgt igrc `urgaoayg casujca dhd`tch, mcgsgayg icsdrtgc fuog ogaoouga edtgmbjcsed jdeg` iga prbtdca. IE ic`grg`tdrcsgsc gigayg lcpdrojc`decg ygao tdr`gct idaoga ogaoouga edtgmbjcsed `grmblcirgt, jdeg` iga prbtdca sdrtg pdacao`gtga rdsc`b `bepjc`gsc pdayg`ct vgs`ujgr. Odfgjg ygao `lgs pgig pdaidrctg IE gatgrg jgcasdrcaomdr`decl ( pbjcurcg), rgsg lgus ( pbjcicpscg  pbjcicpscg), ogaoouga pdaojclgtga, `dlcjgaoga mdrgt mgiga eds`cpua  pbjchgocg), puscao iga jdegl mcjg iuiu`gtgumdricrc, aghsu eg`ga mdrtgemgl ( pbjchgocg `djdeglga, iga `dsdeutga ( pgrdstdscg  pgrdstdscg). [gscda ic`gtg`ga IE gpgmcjg tdrigpgt

odfgjg IE (pbjcurc, pbjcicpsc, pbjchgoc iga pdauruaga mdrgt mgiga tgapgs dmgm ygao fdjgs) ictgemgl idaoga sgjgl sgtu igrc 7. Oju`b Oju`bsg sg igrgl gng gng`` ≤ =;; eo/ij eo/ij (77 (77,7 ,7 eebj/J) eebj/J).. Gng` icidhcac icidhcacsc` sc`ga ga sdmgogc wg`tu `gpgapua tgapg edepdrlgtc`ga fgao`g wg`tu sdfg`  tdrg`lcr eg`ga. =. Oju`b Oju`bsg sg igrgl pug pugsg sg ≤ 7=8 eo eo/ij /ij (?,; eeb eebj/J j/J). ). [ugsg icidhca icidhcacsc csc`ga `ga sdmgogc tcig` gigayg gsupga `gjbrc sdjgeg ecacegj < fge. >. Oju`bsg Oju`bsg igrgl ≤ =;; eo eo/ij /ij sds sdsuigl uigl mmdmga dmga oj oju`bs u`bsgg ?4 o pgi pgigg YYOB. YYOB. M. NBAY NBAYBL BL @G^T @G^T^ ^

Ya D 98tl, 84`o, 78=ne, E]^ idaoga `djulga eugj, puscao, euatgl, jdegs. Edaurut pdaog`uga `djugrog pgscda edecjc`c rcwgygt IE sd`ctgr 4 tglua. Bmgt tdrg`lcr sdmdjue E]^ gigjgl casujgtgri ;-;-7;T s.n., ojunbidx 7-;-;, adurbidx =x =x7t 7tgm gm,, ageu ageuaa tcig tcig`` icou icouag ag`g `gaa sdjg sdjgeg eg 7 mujg mujgaa `grd `grdag ag pgsc pgscda da mdrb mdrbmg mgtt gjtdragtcvd.Lgscj pdedrc`sgga jgm smm6 OIG 9=7eo/ij, Nr =,> eo/ij, MTA =7eo/ij, ^OBY/^O[Y (A), Ag 7=>edq/j, @ >,; edq/j. Lgscj bmsdrvgsc6 YI b

74;/3; eeLo, tdepdrgturd >?,< N. [gscda icicgoabsg IE Lcpdrojc`dec. 7

 

[drtgaygga

7. Mgogcegag gagjcsc `gsus cac2 =. Cahbregsc gpg ygao pdrju icmdrc`ga sdsugc `gsus ic gtgs2

7

 

[]G@YC@TE CC  I]TO CAITNDI [TJEBAG]S [TJEBAG]S YB\CNCYS 

G.

[DAIGLTJTGA

Iruo-Caiun Iruo-Ca iundi di [uj [ujeba ebagry gry Ybxcn Ybxcncty cty gig gigjgl jgl pda pdayg` yg`ct ct ygao ygao ics icsdmg dmgm`g m`gaa bjd bjdll rdg`scc muru` tdrlgig rdg`s tdrlgigpp pdaobmgtga pdaobmgtga (D^B bmgt). [dayg`c [dayg`ctt pgru ygao icca iccaiu`s iu`scc bjdl bmgt mu`gajgl `djgcaga tuaoogj, edjgca`ga egsgjgl `jcacs ygao ueue ic egag  pgscda tgapg pdayg`ct pgru sdmdjueayg edaogjgec odfgjg pdragpgsga, pdrumglga rbatoda igig, pdauruaga huaosc pgru, pdrumglga lcstbjbocs, gtgu mdmdrgpg tdeuga cac igjge lumuaoga idaoga tdrgpc bmgt.Jdmcl igrc 74; bmgt gtgu `gtdobrc bmgt tdjgl icjgpbr`ga edaydmgm`ga pdayg`ct pgru-pgru0ed`gacsedayg fgrgao ic`dtgluc, tdtgpc  mgayg` bmgt icgaoogp edecnu rdspbas lcpdrsdasctcvctgs .Mdmdrgpg lcpdrsdasctcvctgs .Mdmdrgpg bmgt (ecsgjayg, actrbhurgatbca ) igpgt edaydmgm`ga pbjg ndidrg mdrmdig pgig pgscda ygao mdrmdig. Mdroga Mdr ogatua tuaoo pgi pgigg bmg bmgt,t, sca scairb irbe e ygao ygao icc iccaiu aiu`sc `sc bmgt bmgt igpgt igpgt edaydm edaydmgm` gm`ga ga hcmrbscs catdrstcscgj, edaogtur paduebacg, gseg, dideg pgru aba-`gricbodac`, dhusc  pjdurg, dbscabhcjcg pgru, pdrigrglga pgru, gtgu pdayg`ct vdab-b`jusch. Odfgjg ueue sdtcgp caicvciu igpgt mdrdig-mdig yg`ac mdrupg iglg` mdrigrgl, aydrc igig, mgtu`, idege, agpgs pdaid` sdrtg muayc wlddzcao sggt gus`ujtgsc. M.

NBAYBL @G @G^T^

Ya ]_ 44 tl, mdr`u mdr`uafua afuaoo `d ]^ idaog idaogaa `djul `djulga ga jdegl, jdegl, iyspadu iyspadu iga tgnly tgnlypadg padg iga sd`grgao sdeg`ca edemuru` sdrtg edaogjgec mgtu` sdrtg aydrc igig. ]cwgygt pdayg`ct6 lcpdrtdasc 7; tl yo ic`batrbj io mdagzdprcj. [dedrc`sgga rbatodat edauafu``ga cahcjtrgt catdrstcscgj ichus. Ydrgpc6 gecbigrbad 9;;eo 7xsdlgrc (sdfg` = mujga) [drtgaygga

7. Mgogcegag gagjcsc `gsus cac2 =. Cahbregsc gpg ygao pdrju icmdrc`ga sdsugc `gsus ic gtgs2

7

 

[]G@YC@TE CCC  I]TO CAITNDI ]DAGJ ]DAGJ IC^DG^D 

G.

[DAIGLTJTGA

Fdacs ogogj ocafgj g`ut tdricrc gtgs gnutd tumujgr adnrbscs (GYA), gnutd tumujbcatdrstcscgj icsdgsd (GYCI) iga ojbedrujbadplrctcs. gnutd tumujgr adnrbscs (GYA) gigjgl pdaydmgm ueue igrc `drusg`ga ocafgj g`ut (Gnutd @ciady Cafury (G@C)). (G@ C)). G@C ici icidhc dhcacs acsc`g c`gaa sdmgog sdmgogcc pda pdauru uruaga aga huaosc huaosc oca ocafgj fgj sdngrg sdngrg edaigi edaigig`, g`, tdrfgic igjge lctuaoga fge `d lgrc `deuicga `d ecaoou iga mcgsgayg mdrschgt rdvd rdvdrs rscm cmdj dj.I .Ics csdm dmgm gm`g `gaa

bjdl bjdl

6

Ga Gatc tcmc mcbt btc` c`

(ge (geca cabo bojc jc`b `bsc scig ig,,

gepl geplbt btdrc drcnca nca,,

ndhgjbspbrca), edtgj (edr`urc, tdemgog), `batrgs edicg, bmgt jgca (pgrggsdtgebj, ncspjgtca, ncspj gtca,nynjbs nynjbspbrca pbrca.. Gnutd Yumujbcat Yumujbcatdrstcs drstcscgj cgj Icsdgsd Icsdgsd (GYCI)Icsdmgm (GYCI)Icsdmgm`ga `ga bjdl  pdacscjca, drytrbecnca, ndhgjbspbrca, obji, ngptbprcj, A^GCI, hurbsdeci, tlcgzcid, sdigao`ga Ojbedrujbadhrct sdigao`ga Ojbedrujbadhrctcs cs g`ut (OAG) gigjgl sugtu rdg`sc ceuabjb ceuabjbocs ocs pgig ocafgj ocaf gj tdrlgigp tdrlgigp mg`tdrc mg`tdrc gtgu vcrus tdrtda tdrtdatu.Sg tu.Sgao ao sdrca sdrcaoo tdrfgic tdrfgic cgjgl g`cmgt cahd`sc cahd`sc `u `ueg egaa st strdp rdptb tbnb nbnnu nnus. s. Icsd Icsdmg mgm` m`ga ga bjdl bjdl gj gjbp bpju jurc rcab abj,j, ge gepc pcncj ncjca ca,, ngpt ngptbp bprcj rcj,, nynjbplbsplgeci, iguabruacnca, obji, rchgepcsca

M.

NBAYBL @G @G^T^

YA FD, ueur ?7 tglua, mdrgt ?< `o =4 lgrc ygao jgju igtgao `d ruegl sg`ct idaoga odfgjg NLH iga icjg`u`ga bpdrgsc tdrlgigp `gtum gbrtg & ectrgj. [gig sggt bpdrgsc tdrfgic `bepjc`gsc, ygctu tdrfgic lcpbtdasc (td`gaga igrgl ?;/4; eeLo) sdjgeg 7 fge. > lgrc sdsuigl bpdrgsc edaogjgec cahd`sc ju`g bpdrgsc iga icmdrc`ga odatgecnca. Lgrc cac [gscda igtgao `d ruegl sg`ct uatu` edjg`u`ga pdedrc`sgga tdrlgigp pdr`demgaoga `dsdlgtgaayg. Ydrfgic pdacao`gtga MTA iga `rdgtcaca sdrue sdrtg bvdrjbgi  vbjued.  vbjued. Yds Jgmbrgtbrcue

 Ag67>< eDq/J MTA6 4= eo/iJ (pgig sggt E]^ 74 eo/iJ) @6 >,< >,< eDq eDq/J /J abre abregj gj ^Nr 6 =,9 eo/iJ (pgig sggt E]^ 7,> eo/iJ)

7

 

Nj 6 7;9 eDq/J OI^ 6 798 eo/iJ NB= 6 =4 eDq/J Lm 6 3,; o/ij _MN 6 3,3 x 7;>/ee> [drtgaygga

7. Mgogcegag gagjcsc `gsus cac2 =. Cahbregsc gpg ygao pdrju icmdrc`ga sdsugc `gsus ic gtgs2

7

 

[]G@YC@TE CX  I]TO CAITNDI LDEGYBJBOCN LDEGYBJBOCN IC^B]ID]

G.

[DAIGLTJTGA

Bmgt-b Bmgt -bmg mgtg tgaa igpg igpgtt edao edaoca caiu iu`s `scc lgep lgepcr cr sdju sdjuru rull spd` spd`tr true ue ogao ogaoou ouga ga ldegtbjboc, edepdaogrulc sdj igrgl putcl, sdj igrgl edrgl, trbembsct, iga scstde `b `bgo gouj ujgs gsc. c.^c ^cai airb rbe e ygao ygao icca iccaiu iu`s `scc bjdl bjdl bmgt bmgt td tdre regs gsu` u` gade gadecg cg ldeb ldebjc jctc tc`, `, edtl ed tlde debo bojb jbmc mcad adec ecg, g, gpjg gpjgsc scgg sdj sdj igrgl igrgl ed edrgl rgl,, gade gadecg cg sc scid idrb rbmj mjgs gstc tc`, `, gade gadecg cg edogjbmjgstc`, pbjcsctdecg, gadecg gpjgstc`, jdu`bsctbscs, adutrbpdacg, dbscabhcjcg, trbembsctbpdacg ceua, scairbe ec`rbgaocbpgtc, lcpdr`bgoujga, lcpbmrbc`b- ec`b, lcpbmb lcp bmbjc` jc`bb- trc`bc trc`bcidr idrmga mgatu` tu` ida idaoga oga lcp lcpdre drec`r c`rbc` bc`b-Md b-Mdmdr mdrgpg gpg bmgt bmgt `jgsc` `jgsc` yga ygaoo ic`dtgluc edaydmgm`ga `djgcaga ldegtbjbocs tdjgl icogatc`ga bjdl bmgt ygao jdmcl  mgru, tdregsu` mcbjboc`, icsdrtgc idaoga scairbe edrd`g sdaicrc iga dhd` sgepcao ygao tcig` iccaoca`ga.Bmgt-bmgtga igpgt edaydmgm`ga tb`scsctgs ygao edang`up  mgayg` scairbe ldegtbjboc, ygao icedicgsc bjdl mdrmgogc ed`gacsed.Ib`tdr pdrju wgsp wg spgi gigg tdrl tdrlgi gigp gp pbtd pbtdas ascc `bep `bepjc jc`g `gsc sc ldeg ldegtb tbjb jboc ocss ygao ygao ic icca caiu iu`s `scc bj bjdl dl bmgt bmgt cgtrbodacn. Ogaoou Oga oouga ga lde ldegtb gtbjbo jbocc tdjgl tdjgl jge jgegg eda edafgi fgicc rcs rcsc`b c`b pbt pbtdas dascgj cgj hgreg`b hgreg`btdrg tdrgpc pc ebidra.Org ebid ra.Orgaujb aujbsctbp sctbpdacg dacg (gorga (gorgaujbsc ujbsctbscs tbscs)) icjgp icjgpbr`ga br`ga mdrlumuao mdrlumuaoga ga idaoga idaoga sgjgl sgtu sgtu goda goda tdrgp tdrgpcc gw gwgj gj bmgt bmgt,, sujh sujhga gacj cjge geci cid, d, pgig pgig tg tglu luaa 73>< 73>;% igrc sdeug `gsus ics`rgscg igrgl "euao`ca" icsdmgm`ga bjdl tdrgpc bmgt. Eds`cpua `djgcaga ldegtbjboc ygao iccaiu`sc bjdl bmgt jdmcl fgrgao tdrfgic icmgaicao`ga fdacs rdg`sc edruoc`ga jgcaayg, ageua tdtgp edaydmgm`ga ebrmcictgs iga ebrtgjctgs ygao scoachc`ga.^dmugl stuic dpcidecbjboc ygao icjg`u`ga ic Gedrc`g ^drc`gt edepdr`crg`ga mglwg 9.93; `degtcga pgig tglua 73.=;;.;;;/uj0 Lnt ==4%0 4%0 Lm ?,8 o/ij0 ENX ?< ?< hj0 _MN 7;.;;;/uj ]dtcnujbsct 6 >% (38.;;;/uj) Icgoabscs 6 gadecg [drtgaygga

7. Mgogcegag gagjcsc `gsus cac2 =. Cahbregsc gpg ygao pdrju icmdrc`ga sdsugc `gsus ic gtgs2

7

 

[]G@YC@TE X  I]TO CAITNDI JCXD] JCXD] IC^DG^D 

G.

[DAIGLTJTGA

@drusg`g @drus g`gaa lgt lgtcc g`c g`cmgt mgt tdr tdregs egsu` u` rdjg rdjgtcv tcvdd fgr fgrgao gao.. Ageua, Ageua,fc` fc`gg tdrfgic tdrfgic g`g g`gaa edaog`cmgt`ga ebrmcictgs iga ebrtgjctgs ygao mdreg`ag.Mgayg` bmgt ygao iciuog ici uog edaog` edaog`cmg cmgt`g t`gaa egs egsgjgl gjgl pgi pgigg lgt lgtc,c, iga spdntr spdntrue ue ldpgtb ldpgtbtb` tb`scs scsctgs ctgs g`cmgt bmgt sgaogtjgl jugs. ]datgao spdntrue cac igpgt iceujgc igrc pdrumglga rdvdrscmjd rdvdrs cmjd ygao gsce gsceptbeg ptbegtcs tcs pgig tds huaosc huaosc lgtc sgepgc idaoga ad`rb ad`rbscs scs lgtc g`ut ygao hgtgj, tdtgpc ygao pgjcao sdrcao gigjgl  Fguaicnd iga ldpgtctcs. @jgschc`gsc iruo-caiundi cafury gigjgl 7.

Ldpgtb`scsctgs Ldpgtb`scsct gs Castrcasc` (Ycpd G, igpgt ic prdic`sc)

Ldpgtb Ldp gtbtb` tb`scs scsctg ctgss Cas Castrc trcsc` sc` igp igpgt gt icp icprdi rdic`s c`scc tdroga tdrogatua tuaoo ibscs ibscs iga edjcmgt`g edjcmg t`gaa egy egybrc brctgs tgs caicvc caicvciu iu ygao ygao eda edaoo oouag uag`ga `ga bmgt bmgt igjge igjge fuejgl fuejgl tdrt tdrtda datu tu.. ]d ]dat atga gaoo wg wg`t `tuu gatg gatgrg rg eu eujg jgca cayg yg pdao pdaobm bmgtg gtgaa iga iga tc tcem emuj ujay aygg `d `dru rusg sg`g `gaa lgtc lgtc sgao sgaogt gt mdrv mdrvgrc grcgs gscc (i (igrc grc mdmd mdmdrgp rgpgg fge sgep sgepgc gc mdmd mdmdrgp rgpgg ecaoou). =.

Ldpgtbtb`scsctgs Ldpgtbtb` scsctgs Cicbsc`rgtc` (tcpd M, tcig` igpgt icprdic`sc)

Ldpgtbtb`sc Ldpgtb tb`scsctgs sctgs cicbs cicbsca`rgt ca`rgtc` c` igpgt tdr`gct tdr`gct idaoga idaoga lcpdrsdasc lcpdrsdasctcvctg tcvctgss tdrlgi tdr lgigp gp bmgt

gtgupu gtgupuaa `dj `djgca gcaga ga edtgm edtgmbjc bjcsed. sed. ]ds ]dspba pba cac tcig` tcig` igpgt igpgt

icprdic`sc iga tcig` tdrogatuao pgig ibscs bmgt ygao icmdrc`ga. Lgj cac tdrfgi tdr fgicc pgig pgig `urga `urgaoo igrc igrc 7% cai caicvc cvciu iu ygao ygao tdr tdrpgp pgpgr. gr.Egs Egsgg ca` ca`umg umgsca scayg yg  mdrvgrcgsc, tdtgpc mcgsgayg mdrecaoou-ecaoougtgu mdrmujga-mujga mdrmujga-mujga M.

NBAYBL @G @G^T^

 Ay @X 4= tl mdr`uafuao `d ]^ idaoga `djulga eugj, euatgl, jdegl, iga ogtgj-ogtgj sdfg` = ecaoou ygao jgju. Trcad mdrwgrag odjgp iga `ujctayg `uacao sdfg sdfg`` 7; lgrc lgrc.. Id Ideg ege, e, aydr aydrcc gmib gmibed edaa iga iga ca catb tbjd jdrga rgasc sc tdrlg tdrlgig igpp jd jdeg eg`  `  icsgao`gj. ^dmujga ygao jgju edaoouag`ga Guoedatca ut` edaogtgsc gnutd btctcs edicg ]cwgygt [daobmgtga

[cbojctgzbad 7 x sdlgrc 94 eo 7

 

LNY7 x sdlgrc =4 eo iga Jcscabprcj 7 x sdlgrc 4; eo [dedrc`sgga Jgmbrgtbrcue Jgmbrgtbrcue

7. sdrue sdrue G^Y G^Y 9>; 9>;T/J, T/J, sdr sdrue ue GJY GJY =39T/ =39T/J, J, =. ]gscb ]gscb G^Y/ G^Y/GJY GJY 5 9> 9>;/= ;/=39 39 5 7,9 7,988 >. gj`gjca gj`gjcadd plbs plbspgt pgtgsd gsd 7=>; 7=>; T T/J, /J, 9. rgscb mcjcru mcjcrumca mca tbtgj6icrdnt tbtgj6icrdnt ?,=47eo/ ?,=47eo/iJ iJ 6 7;8 ebj/J, ebj/J, 4. gj gjmu muec ecaa 9,7 9,7 oo/i /iJ0 J0 8. tcig tcig`` gig bms bmstr tru` u`sc sc de depd pdiu iu ?. LmG7n 5 ?% ; >; eo/i o/iJ 3. OI[ I[[[ 6 =7 =7; e eoo/iJ /iJ 7;. YI

6 78;/7;; eeLo

[drtgaygga

7. Mgogcegag gagjcsc `gsus cac2 =. Cahbregsc gpg ygao pdrju icmdrc`ga sdsugc `gsus ic gtgs2

7

 

HB]EGY JG[B]GA

YLD [GYCDAY NG^D []D^DAYG^CBA 

(^BG[ HB]EGY) 7. [gtc [gtcda dat– t–ss Igtg Igtgmg mgsd sd

 Abebr rdocstrgsc / toj egsu` ruegl ruegl sg`ct Ygaoogj ]dvcdw  Ageg Tscg Fdacs `djgeca Ycaooc mgiga Mdrgt mgiga

6 6 6 6 6 6 6

 [gst Edicngj Lcstbry

6

 Hgecjy Lcstbry

6

^bncgj Lcstbry

6

 Gjjdrocn Lcstbry / Givdrsd Iruo ]dgntcba Lcstbry  [gst Edicngtcba Lcstbry

6

Nurrdat Edicngtcba Lcstbry

6

 Ageg Bmgt Nbatbl 6 Ojunbmgy 4;; eo

Hrd`wdasc ]utd >x7 p .b

_g`tu [

6

7 Fga ∖

= Fga ∖

> Fga ∖

9 Fga ∖

^c

∖

∖

∖

∖

^b

∖

∖

∖

E

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=. ^BG[ Abtds

^umfdntcvd

6

Bmfdntcvd 6 - [lys [lyscn cng gj Dxgec xgeca agtcba tcba

[dedrc`sgg a

^gtuga

YI

eeLo

 Agic

x/eca

Ydepdrgtur 

b

[draghgsga

x/eca

-

..../......

..../......

..../......

..../......

N

Jgmbrgtbry Ydst 

[dedrc`sgga

^gtuga

_MN/Jdu`b ]MN/Drc LOM/Lm LNY/[NX [JY/Ylrbemb JDI Db

\ 7;3 /J \ 7;7= /J 79,; o% % \ 7;3 /J ee/fge %

^Mg tgm ^do Jye Eb N][  Agtrcue @gjcue ^OBY ^O[Y Nlbjdstdrbj Yrcojyndrcid LIJ IJ-N -Nlb lbjd jdst stdr drbj bj

% % % % % Eo/iJ eEbj/J eEbj/J T/J T/J eo/iJ eo/iJ eo/iJ /iJ

JIJ IJ-N -Nllbjds bjdstd tdrb rbjj

eo/iJ /iJ

..../......

..../......

=

 

Oujg pugsg = fge [[ LmG7N

eo/iJ eo/iJ %

 Icgoabscs Ib`tdr

6

 Gssdssedat

6

 Ab

Edicngj [rbmjde 7 IE Ycpd = .

Yldrgpy ([gst gai nurrdat edicngtcba) Ojunbmgy Brgj >x7

Iruo-rdjgtdi [rbmjde (I][) gai ngusd [ 7.= iga N 7.7

Ojunbmgy edaogaiuao Gngrmbsd ygao edrupg`ga objbaoga η „  ojunbscigsd calcmctbrs ygao `urgao dhd`rcvd igjge edaurua`ga oujg igrgl icmgaicao`ga Edthbreca. (GIG, p.738)

......................

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= .

 [jga

 Ab 7.

]d`bedaigsc iga gjgsga Ojunbmgy Brg rgjj >x7 icogat gatc id idao aoga ga Edth Edthbr brec ecaa 4;; 4;; eo =x sdlgrc pgoc iga egjge sdmdjue eg`ga.

Ebactbrcao Lcpbojc`dec Ogaoouga OC

Ygrodt = fge pp : =;; eo/iJ [ugsg : 7=8 eo/iJ YO : 74; EO/iJ

=.

....................................................

 Hurtldr Cahbregtcba ]dqucrdi (iga gjgsgaayg)

=

 

@BA^DJCAO 6

Ightgr [ustg`g

@jgschc`gsc Egsgjgl Ydr`gct Bmgt Hbregt ^BG[ (EYB)/ Iruo  Iruo Yldrgpy [rbmjdes (IY[s) ([lgregndutcngj Ngrd Adtwbr` Durbpd Hbuaigtcba. Yld [NAD njgsschcngtcba X 8.=. Vucijgrda6 [lgregndutcngj Ngrd Adtwbr` Durbpd Hbuaigtcba0 =;7;)

@jgschc`gsc ibegca utgeg EYB ([NAD v8.=) @bid Egsgjgl

[daydmgm

Catdrvdasc

Lgscj Ca Catdrvdasc

Ibegca Ttgeg E7

Dhd`tcvctgs tdrgpc

E=

]dg`sc ]dg`sc Bmgt Bmgt ygao ygao Ycig` Ycig` Ic` Ic`dld dldaig aig`c `c (]BYI) (]BYI)

E>

Mcgyg pd pdaobmgtga

E9

Jgca-jgca

[7

[decjclga bmgt

[=

[dec [decjc jclg lga a md mdat atu u` ssdi dicg cgg ga

[>

[decjclga ibscs

[9

[dad [dadat atug uga a jjg geg pdao pdaobm bmgt gtga ga

[4

[rbsds p pddaoo aoouagg agga bm bmgt

[8

Jbo bocs cstc tc` ` (@d (@dhg hgrregsc egscga ga))

[? [<

[gscda Jgca-jgca

C;

Ygapg catdrvdasc

C7

[gig tgtgrga pd pdaujcs rdsdp

C=

[gig tgtgrga pgscda

C>

[gig ttg gtgrga bm bmgt

C9

Jgcaayg

L;

Lgscj cca atdrvdasc ttccig` ic ic`dtgluc

L7

Eg Egsg sgjg jgl l ttdr drsd sdjd jdsg sgc`g c`ga a sdn sdngr grg g tuat tuatgs gs

L=

Eg Egsg sgjg jgl l td tdrs rsdj djds dsgc gc`ga `ga sdmg sdmgoc ocga ga

L>

Eg Egsg sgjg jgl l ttci cig` g` td tdrs rsdj djds dsgc gc`g `ga a

=

 

@jgschc`gsc sum ibegca Egsgjgl ([NAD v8.=)

@bid Dhd`tcvctgs tdrgpc

Ibegca Ttgeg E7.7

Bmgt tcig` dhd`tch gtgu pdaobmgtga ogogj

E7.=

Dhd` bmgt tcig` bptcegj

E7.>

Dhd` bmgt sgjgl (cicbsca`rgsc)

E7.9 ]dg`sc Bmgt ygao

E=.7

Gig caic`gsc ygao tcig` ictdrgpc [gscda edaidrctg ]BYI mu`ga gjdroc

Ycig` Ic`dldaig`c

E=.=

[gscda edaidrctg ]BYI gjdroc

(]BYI)

E=.>

[gscda edaidrctg dhd` tb`sc` 

Mcgyg

E>.7

Mcgyg pdaobmgtga jdmcl eglgj igrc ygao icpdrju`ga

pdaobmgtga

E>.=

Bmgt tcig` icpdrju`ga

Jgca-jgca

E9.7

[gscda tcig` pugs idaoga tdrgpc ygao ictdrcegayg ic tdrcegayg eds`cpua tdrgpc tdrsdmut bptcegj mgc` igrc sdoc dhd`tcvctgs egupua mcgyg

E9.=

@djulga pgscda/egsgjgl tcig` fdjgs, tcig` tdregsu` `dtcog `gtdobrc egsgjgl tdr`gct bmgt ic gtgs

9

 

@jgschc`gsc sum ibegca [daydmgm ([NAD v8.=)

@bid [decjclga bmgt

Ibegca Ttgeg [7.7

[decjclga bmgt tcig` tdpgt (mu`ga uatu` caic`gsc ygao pgjcao tdpgt) tdregsu` pdaoouagga bmgt ygao `batrgcaic`gsc

[7.=

Ycig` gig caic`gsc pdaoouagga bmgt gtgu caic`gsc bmgt tcig` fdjgs

[7.>

@bemcagsc bmgt-bmgt gtgu bmgt-eg`gaga tcig` tdpgt tdregsu`  `dfgicga catdrg`sc bmgt

[7.9

Iupjc`gsc `djbepb` tdrgpc gtgu mglga g`tch ygao tcig` tdpgt

[7.4

Gig caic`gsc tdtgpc bmgt tcig` icrdsdp`ga

[7.8

Mgayg` bmgt (`djbepb` tdrgpc gtgu mglga g`tch ygao mdrmdig) icrdsdp`ga uatu` caic`gsc ygao sgeg

[decjclga mdatu` 

[7.?

Ydrsdicg bmgt ygao jdmcl ldegt mcgyg

[7.<

@dmutulga bmgt ygao mdrschgt scadrocs/prdvdatch tcig` icrdsdp`ga

[7.3

Gig caic`gsc mgru iga bmgt mdjue icrdsdp`ga

[=.7

Mdatu` sdicgga bmgt tcig` tdpgt

[>.7

Ibscs bmgt tdrjgju rdaigl

[>.=

Ibscs bmgt tdrjgju tcaooc

[>.>

[daogturga ibscs `urgao sdrcao

[>.9

[daogturga ibscs tdrjgju sdrcao

[>.4

Ycig` icjg`u`ga [degatguga @gigr Bmgt Igjge Igrgl ([@BI)

[>.8

Egsgjgl tdr`gct hgreg`b`cadtc`g bmgt ygao ededrju`ga

sdicgga [decjclga ibscs

 pdaydsugcga ibscs [>.?

[drmuru`ga/pdrmgc`ga `baicsc sg`ct ygao ededrju`ga  pdaydsugcga ibscs

[dadatuga jgeg

[9.7

Jgeg pdaobmgtga tdrjgju pdaid` 

pdaobmgtga

[9.=

Jgeg pdaobmgtga tdrjgju pgafgao

[rbsds pdaoouagga

[4.7

_g`tu pdaoouagga bmgt gtgu catdrvgj pdemdrcga ibscs tcig`  Ydpgt

bmgt [4.=

Edaoouag`ga bmgt jdmcl sdic`ct igrc pdibega pdaobmgtga (uaidrusdi ) gtgu pdemdrcga bmgt jdmcl fgrgao igrc gturga  pdaoouagga (uaidr-giecacstdrdi )

[4.>

Edaoouag`ga bmgt mdrjdmcl ( bvdrusdi ) gtgu pdemdrcga bmgt edjdmclc gturga pdaoouagga ( bvdr-giecacstdrdi )

[4.9

Bmgt tcig` icecaue gtgu tcig` icmdrc`ga

[4.4

Ecaue bmgt ygao sgjgl gtgu edemdrc`ga bmgt ygao sgjgl

[4.8

[daygjglouagga bmgt (pdaoouagga bmgt tcig` sdsugc pdruatu`ga rdsec)

 

@jgschc`gsc sum ibegca [daydmgm ([NAD v8.=) jgafutga

@bid

Ibegca Ttgeg [4.?

[gscda tcig` igpgt edaoouag`ga bmgt gtgu mdatu` sdicgga sdsugc gturga

Jbocstc`

[8.7

Bmgt ygao icrdsdp`ga tcig` tdrsdicg

(@dhgregscga)

[8.= [8.>

@dsgjglga pdrdsdpga (igjge lgj edaujcs rdsdp) @dsgjglga pdrgnc`ga bmgt (icspdascao drrbr )

[?.7

[gscda jupg ecaue bmgt

[?.=

[gscda edaouag`ga bmgt ygao tcig` icpdrju`ga

[?.>

[gscda eg`ga eg`gaga ygao mdrcatdrg`sc idaoga bmgt

[?.9

[daycepgaga bmgt bjdl pgscda tcig` tdpgt

[

[gscda icrufu` `d pdaujcs rdsdp

C=.9 C>.7

Icmcngrg`ga idaoga gaoobtg `djugrog/pdemdrc pdrgwgtga Edaoumgl fdacs bmgt

C>.=

Edaoumgl ibscs bmgt

C>.>

Edaoumgl hbreujgsc bmgt

C>.9

Edaoumgl gturga pdaoouagga bmgt

C>.4

Bmgt icldatc`ga

C>.8

Bmgt mgru eujgc icmdrc`ga

C9.7

Catdrvdasc jgcaayg (^dmut`ga)

C9.=

Dhd` sgepcao icjgpbr`ga `dpgig pclg` ygao mdrwdagao

 

@jgschc`gsc sum ibegca Lgscj Catdrvdasc ([NAD v8.=)

@bid

Ibegca Ttgeg L;.;

Lgscj catdrvdasc tcig` ic`dtgluc

L7.;

Egsgjgl tdrsdjdsgc`ga tuatgs

L=.;

Egsgjgl tdrsdjdsgc`ga sdmgocga

Egsgjgl tcig`

L>.7

Egsgjgl tcig` tdrsdjdsgc`ga, `drfg sgeg idaoga pgscda `urgao

tdrsdjdsgc`ga

L>.=

Egsgjgl tcig` tdrsdjdsgc`ga, `drfg sgeg idaoga pdaujcs rdsdp

Lgscj catdrvdasc tcig` ic`dtgluc Egsgjgl tdrsdjdsgc`ga sdngrg tuatgs Egsgjgl tdrsdjdsgc`ga

sdmgocga

@urgao L>.>

Egsgjgl tcig` tdrsdjdsgc`ga, catdrvdasc tcig` dhd`tch 

L>.9

Ycig` gig `dmutulga gtgu `deuao`caga uatu` edaydjdsgc`ga Egsggl

Yld [NAD njgsschcngtcba X 8.=.

igpgt ic-ibwajbgi ic6

ltt p6//www.pnad.bro/sco/irp/ibnuedat s/irp/[NAD%=;njgssch cngt cba cba %=;X8-=.p