BUKU BELAJAR ELEKTRONIK JILID 1

LEMBAGA KURSUS DAN PELATIHAN

RIFTON METRO NILEK NASIONAL 12202.1.0044

 TEKNI K AUDI O VI DEO JILID

1  REGULATOR  RADIO

 MPLIFIER

 TAPE RECORDER

 TRANSMITTER

 PEMANCAR

MUSTOTO SUPARDI, A.MT 

JL. HASANUDIN 8OSO MUL8O KOTA METRO LAMPUNG

Drs. Mustoto S. A,MT P$%&$' LKP R$(to

PHONE 016-00- 9 0-411244

KATA PENGANTAR 

Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah swt. Atas karunia rahmat dan curahan nikmat sehingga kami dapat menyusun buku yang sederhana sederhana ini. Shlawat Shlawat dan salam semga tercurahkan tercurahkan kepada  junjungan Nabi kita !uhammad SA"# SA"# para keluarganya# para sahabatnya dan rang$rang yangmengikuti jaan Allh dan RasulNya Saya amati bahwa perkembangan perkembangan elektrnika elektrnika dewasa dewasa ini berkembang sangat pesat  bagaikan tumbuhnya jamur di musim hujan. %ampir setiap rumah mempunyai pesawat elektrnika. Pesawat$pesawat elektrnika itu suatu saat pasti akan rusak. &ntuk menrmalkan kembali dari kerusakan itu diperlukan keahlian atau ketrampilan dalam mereparasi atau menser'is  pesawat elektrnika tersebut. (uku ini saya beri judul )TEKN*K A&+*, -*+E, terdiri dari / jilid. 0ilid * berisikan tentang yang berhubungan dengan audi# seperti# regulatr# ampli1ier# Tape Recrder# radi dan Pemancar. 0ilid ** berisikan tentang yang berhubungan dengan audi dan 'ide# yakni tele'isi hitam putih dan tele'isi warna. Sedang jilid / adalah membahas tentang 2mpac +isc# -ide 2mpac +isc dan +igital 2mpac +isc +ilengkapi pula dengan skema diagram# tehnik reparasi dan klasi1ikasi kerusakan serta analisisnya. analisisnya. Tata letak# cara kerja#diagram kerja#diagram skematic# skematic# ser'ice# ser'ice#  pengukuran# pengarusan# kmpnen# cnth$cnth dan lain lebih lanjut dijelaskan dan dipraktekkan ketika berlangsungnya kursus elektrnik di 3PPK Ri1tn. (uku (uku ini sengaj sengajaa kami kami susun susun sedemi sedemikia kian n sederh sederhana ana supaya supaya mudah mudah di1aha di1ahami mi dan dipraktekkan. dipraktekkan. (uku ini kami jadikan panduan dalam kursus elektrnika di 3PK Ri1tn 452 6smuly !etr Pusat Kta !etr 3ampung. +alam penyusunan buku ini berdasarkan re1erensi  buku 7 buku teknik elektrnika# analisis dan pengalaman lapangan# sehingga bahasa dan isinya mudah di1ahami di1ahami dan tidak menyimpang menyimpang dari pesawat pesawat elektrnik elektrnik yang di pasaran. K&RS&S E3EKTR,N*K E3EKTR,N*K 3PPK R*8T,N siap membantu membantu dalam mewujudkan mewujudkan manusia yang memiliki memiliki keahlia keahlian n atau atau ketram ketrampila pilan n merepa mereparas rasii berbag berbagaim aimacam acam jenis jenis pesawa pesawatt elektr elektrnika nika 9mntir  9mntir  elektrnik:. Tujuan Kursus Elektrpnik Ri1tn adalah membekali para siswa agar mampu mandiri dan hidup sukses dunia akherat. Pembelajaranny Pembelajarannyaa dititk tekankan pada praktek dengan harapan harapan tamat dari Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Pelatihan mahir dalam dunia perbengkelan elektrnik. elektrnik. Kita usaha semaksimal semaksimal mungkin untukmeraih untukmeraih cita$cita kita# kemudian bertawakkal bertawakkal kepada Allh# serta  berd;a kepada Allh agar usaha kita dikabulkan dan mendapat berkah dan Rridh Allih S"T. Semga Semga kehadir kehadiran an kursus kursus elektr elektrnik nik 3PPK 3PPK Ri1tn Ri1tn ini dapat dapat memban membantu tu prgra prgram m  pemerintah dalam mengurangi jumlah pengangguran. Allah swt. Akan senantiasa memperhatikan setiap hambaNya yang sungguh$sungguh berupaya untuk merubah nasip hidupnya. Kami menyadari menyadari benar bahwa buku yang kami susun ini sangat sederhana sederhana dan masih  banyak kekurangannya. ,leh karena itu kepada penmbaca yang budiman untuk dapat melengkapinya dan memberi saran kepada kami untuk perbaikan dalam penyusunan berikutnya.

DA)TAR ISI

K't' Pe*'t'r D'(t'r I#$

2

M"+t$ te#ter



Ke+$#tr$k'

-

Pe%''%' Ko%&oe

-

1. Re#$#tor

-

2. Ko/e#'tor



. I/"ktor

11

4. Tr'(o

11

-. D$o/'

1

. Tr'#$#tor

14

. Ite*r'te/ 3$r3"$t

1

S$t3

1

5't" D'!'

1

P5B

1

 A%&+$($er

16

Toe 5otro+

22

M$3ro &oe T'&e re3or/er R'/$o  A##e%b+$*

Metro, 10 Oktober 2010 Pe!"#",

1

2 2 22

)re7e#$

26

Pe%'3'r

26

MULTI  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelati hanMETER Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro

Cara membaca dan mempergunakan Multi Meter   Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektro nik Rifton Metro Metro 03

M"+t$ %eter /$#eb"t :"*' %"+t$ te#ter, /$#eb"t :"*' A;O %eter. %eter. A < A%&ere, A%&ere, %er"&'k' #'t"' k"'t 'r"#. ; < ;o+t, ;o+t, %er"&'k' %er"&'k' #'t"' te*'*' . O < O%, %er"&'k' %er"&'k' #'t"' t''' t''' 't'" '%b't' '%b't' .M"+t$ %eter '/'+' #"'t" '+'t "t"k %e*"k"r k"'t 'r"#, te*'*' /' '%b't'.

PAPAN SKALA

 JARUM PENUNJUK 

SEKRUP PENGATUR POSISI JARUM (PRESET )

 TOMBOL PENGATUR POSISI  JARUM

BATAS UKUR (RANGE ( RANGE)) SAKLAR JANGKAUAN UKUR

2,!!,N (+)

2,!!,N (-)

 A. Tegangan / Volt (V) 5'r' %e%b'3' /' %e*"k"r te*'*' A5 /' D5 '/'+' #'%'. H'!' &erbe/''!' ter+et'k &'/' b't'# "k"r /' #k'+'. Ar"# A5 &'/' b't'# "k"r /' #k'+' A5 /' 'r"# D5 &'/' b't'# "k"r /' #k'+' D5. B't'# "k"r !'* terter' $t" %r"&'k' b't'# "k"r  %'k#$%'+= ke%'%&"' ke%'%&"' %e*"k"r te*'*'. Sk'+' Sk'+' te%&'t %e%b'3' be#'r ke3$+!' te*'*' te*'*' #e#"'$ /e*' /e*' &e":"k' &e":"k' :'r"%. :'r"%. D$ /'+'% #k'+' terter' terter' $+'$$ $+'$$ te*'*'!'. M$#'+ b't'# b't'# "k"r -0 >o+t ber'rt$ b't'# b't'# "k"r = ke%'%&"' ke%'%&"' &e":"k' &e":"k' te*'*' -0 >o+t. . Te*'*' Te*'*' !'* +eb$ $+'$!' /'r$ -0 >o+t :$k' /$"k"r /e*' b't'# "k"r -0 %'k' te#ter te#ter 'k' r"#'k , b't'# "k"r 2-0 b't'# "k"r = ke%'%&"' ke%'%&"' te#ter  te#ter  %e*"k"r %'k#$%'+ 2-0 ;, +eb$ /'r$ $t" te#ter 'k' r"#'k. G'r$# %e+e*k"* $t" %er"&'k' %er"&'k' #k'+' /' /$ *'r$# %e+e*k"* $$+' te%&'t te%&'t %e%b'3' $+'$. Setr$& teb'+=be#'r %er"&'k' b't'# #k'+' /' /'+'% #et$'& #k'+' '/' #tr$&9#tr$& ke3$+. J"%+' #k'+' 10 /' :"%+' :"%+' #tr$& ke3$+ /'+'% #et$'& #k'+' #k'+' '/' - ter%'#"k *'r$# teb'+?*'r$# =b't'# #k'+'@. D$ #ek$t'r #k'+' $t" te+' ter3't"% /'t' /'t' 't'" $+'!' ber"&' '*k'9 '*k'9'* '*k' k' !'* !'* 'k' 'k' /$&er* /$&er*"' "'k' k' "t"k "t"k %e*$ %e*$t" t"* * 't'" 't'" %e%b'3 %e%b'3' ' '#$+ '#$+ &e*"k"r'. B't'# "k"r 10 te%&'t te%&'t %e%b'3'!' &'/' &'/' /eret' '*k' 10 &'/' #k'+', b't'# "k"r -0 te%&'t %e%b'3'!' &'/' /eret' '*k' -0 &'/' #k'+', b't'# "k"r 2-0 te%&'t %e%b'3'!' %e%b'3'!' &'/' /eret' '*k' 2-0 &'/' #k'+'. #k'+'. B't'# "k"r 10 $+'$ #et$'& #k'+' 1 /' $+'$ #et$'& #'t" #tr$& ke3$+ 0,2, b't'# "k"r -0 $+'$ #et$'& #k'+' - /' $+'$ $+'$ #et$'& #et$'& #'t" #tr$& ke3$+ 1, b't'# "k"r 2-0 $+'$ #et$'& #k'+' 2- /' $+'$ #et$'& #'t" #tr$& ke3$+ -. J$k'+'" /$:"%+' /$:"%+' :"%+' $+'$ #et$'& #ek'+' 't'" $+'$ $+'$ #et$'& #etr$& $t" $t" 'k' #'%' /e* /e*' ' $+' $+'$$ b't' b't'# # "k"r "k"r! !'. '. ila ilaii seti setiap ap satu satu skal skala a < B't'# "k"r 10 < 1,2,,4,1,2,,4,-,, ,,,,6 ,,6,10. ,10.,, b't# "k"r -0 < -,10,1-,20 -,10,1-,20,2-, ,2-,0, 0,-,40 -,40,4-,,4-,-0, 0, b't'# b't'# "k"r 2-0 < 2-,-0,-,100,12-,1-0,1-,200,22-,2-0,/#t Nilai ganjil seperti 1,3,5,7,9,5,15,25,35,45,75,125, 1,3,5,7,9,5,15,25,35,45,75,125,175,225 175,225 tidak dicantumkan dalam multi  meter.

BATAS

N#$A# S%T#A& S!A$A

N#$A# S%T#A& 1 ST"#& !%'#$

10

1,2,,4,-,,,,6,10

0,2

-0

-,10,1-,20,2-0,-,40,4-,-0

1

2-0

2-,-0,-,100,12-,1-0,1-,200,22-,2-0

-

-00

-0,10 ,100,1,1-0,20 ,200,2,2-0,0 ,00,,-0,40 ,400,40,4-0 0,-0 ,-00

10

!" 

SK  ALA

1000 1000

100,200 100,200,00 ,00,400 ,400,-00 ,-00,00 ,00,00 ,00,00 ,00,600 ,600,100 ,100 0

20

Leb$ te&'t!' Lembaga /'+'% %e%b'3' $+'$ &e*"k"r' %"+t$ %"+t$Metro %eter %eter '/'+' '/'+' /e*' Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelat ihan Elektronik Elektro/'+'% nik Rifton Metr o 04 r"%"# #eb'*'$ ber$k"t < B't'# "k"r  Pe":"k' Sk'+' M$#'+ < B't'# B't'# "k"r  -0 >o+t. >o+t. J'r"% J'r"% &e":" &e":"k k &'/' &'/' '*k' '*k' 2 +eb$ +eb$ /"' #tr$&. #tr$&. M'k' M'k' 3'r' 3'r' %e*$t"*!'< -0 ?b't'# ?b't'# "k"r@ "k"r@ < 10 ?:"%+' ?:"%+' #k'+'@  -. Ber'rt$ #et$'& #k'+' $+'$!' -. - ?$+'$ #'t" #k'+'@ < - ?:"%+' #tr$& /'+'% #'t" #k'+'@  1. J'/$ #'t" #tr$& /'+'% #'t" #k'+' $+'$!' 1 . Se$**' /'&'t /$(''%$ /$(''%$ < 2  -0 C 10  10, k're' k're' +eb$!' /"' #tr$& /' #et$'& #tr$& $+'$!' $+'$!' #'t" #e$**' &e":"k' &e":"k' $t" #e:"%+' 102 102  12 >o+t.. Sebe+"% %e*"k"r te*'*', ter+eb$ /'"+" &erk$r'k' >o+t !'* 'k' /$"k"r  b'r" %e%$+$ b't'# "k"r. B't'# "k"r !'* 'k' /$&er*"'k' :'*' #'%&'$ +eb$ ke3$+ /'r$ te*'*' !'* 'k' /$"k"r. M$#'+ &erk$r'' te*'*' !'* /$"k"r 12 >o+t '3 't'" D5, %'k' b't'# "k"r %e**"'k'  -0 A5 't'" D5. Ke#'+'' /'+'% %e%$+$ b't'# "k"r 'k' %e!eb'bk %e!eb'bk' ' %"+t$%et %"+t$%eter er r"#'k. r"#'k. Ter+eb$ Ter+eb$9+eb 9+eb$ $ :$k' !'* 'k' /$"k"r $t" te*'*' %e**"'k' b't'# "k"r o%, %'k' %"+t$ te#ter te#ter 'k' +'*#"* r"#'k. Me*"k"r te*'*' A5 boCe /$bo+'k b'+$k &e!$/$k te#ter !'* %er' /' !'* $t'% k're' te*'*' A5 t$/'k &"!' k"t"& !'* tet'&. Se/'*k' Se/'*k' %e*"k:"r te*'*' D5 'r"# t$/'k bo+e keb'+$k 't'r' &e!$/$k te#ter !'* %er' /e*' &e!$/$k te#ter !'* $t'%. Pe!$/$k %er' te%&'tk' te%&'tk' &'/' &o#$t$( ?@ /' &e!$/$k $t'% te%&'tk' te%&'tk' &'/' &e!$/$k e*'t$( ?9@. Keb'+$k /'+'% %e*"k"r 'k' %e!eb'bk' te#ter r"#'k. B. Hambatan / Ohm ( ! Me*"k"r $+'$ '%b't' "t"k %e*et'"$ #eber'&' b'!'k $+'$ '%b't' #"'t" be/' 't'" ko%&oe. ko%&oe. Pe*"k"r' Pe*"k"r' /e*' b't'# "k"r o% '!' /'&'t /$*"'k' /$*"'k' "t"k %e*"k"r #e+'$ 'r"# 't'" te*'*'. te*'*'. B$+' b't'# "k"r /e*' o% "t"k "t"k %e*"k"r  te*'* te*'*' ' 't'" 't'" 'r"# 'r"# %'k' %'k' te#ter te#ter $t" 'k' 'k' r"#'k. r"#'k. M'k' M'k' ber't ber't$9 $9't$ 't$+' +' /'+'% /'+'% %e%&er*" %e%&er*"'k' 'k' %"+t$ %"+t$ %eter $$. Per't$k' Per't$k'  /e*' #ek#'%' b't'# "k"r /' 3'r' %e%b'3'!' #ebe+"% %e*"k"r. %e*"k"r. Sk'+' te%&'t te%&'t %eb'3' b't'# "k"r o% ?Ω@ terter' &'/' &'&' #k'+' b'*$' &'+$* 't'#. P'/' &'&' #k'+' te+' te+' /$3't"%k /$3't"%k' ' :"%+' :"%+' $+'$!'. $+'$!'. B't'# "k"r %er"&'k' %er"&'k' :"%+' &e*'+$ /'r$ b't'# "k"r &e":"k' &e":"k'  :'r"% :'r"% &e":"k &e":"k &'/' #k'+'. #k'+'. M$#'+ M$#'+ b't'# "k"r 100 Ω, :'r"% &e":"k %e":"k &'/' #k'+' '*k' 20. Ber'rt$ 100  20  2000 Ω  2 k Ω. B't'# "k"r 1 KΩ, :'r"% te#ter %e":"k &'/' #k'+' '*k' 20, ber'rt$ 1 KΩ  20  20000 Ω  20 K Ω. ?1 KΩ  1000 Ω@. M"+'9%"+' &e!$/$k %er' t'3'&k' &'/' &ro&  /' &e!$/$k $t'% t'3'&k' &'/' &ro& 9. Sete+' $t" &erte%"k' ke/"' &e!$/$k $t" +'+" 't"r+' :'r"% &e":"k $**' %e3'&'$ o+ o% /e*' &e*'t"r o+ o%. Sete+' $t" b'r" %e+'k"k' &e*"k"r' ko%&oe /' #e+':"t!' %e*$t"* #eber'&' b'!'k $+'$ '%b't'!'. Batas ukur ( 1 Ω  digunakan untuk mengukur nilai )am*atan +  1++ Ω 

Batas ukur ( 1+ Ω  digunakan untuk untuk mengukur mengukur nilai )am*atan 1+  1+++ Ω  - 1 ! Ω  Ω  Batas ukur ( 1++ Ω  digunakan  digunakan untuk mengukur nilai )am*atan 1++  1+++ Ω   - 1! Ω  Ω  digunakan Ω     1++ !  Batas ukur ( 1 ! Ω   digunakan unutk mengukur nilai nilai )am*atan 1 ! Ω  Ω  digunakan Ω   5 / Ω  Ω  Batas ukur ( 1+ ! Ω   digunakan unutk mengukur nilai )am*atan 1+ ! Ω  C. Arus / Ampere (A) Kursus  Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro 05 Pe*"k"r' '%&ere "t"k %e*et'"$ #eber'&' be#'r k"'t 'r"# !'* %e*'+$r &'/' #"'t" !'* %e*'+$rk' %e*'+$rk' +$#tr$k. +$#tr$k. H't$9't$ H't$9't$ #eb'*$' #eb'*$' be#'r A;O %eter %eter '!' /'&'t %e*"k"r %e*"k"r %'k#$%'+ %'k#$%'+ 2-0 %A  -00 %A. 5'r'!' 5'r'!' '/'+' 't'r' #"%ber #"%ber te*'*' te*'*' /e*' beb' /$#er$ /e*' A;O %eter. %eter. Pe!$/$k %er' ?@ &'/' #"%ber te*'*' 'r"#  /' &e!$/$k $t'% ?9@ %e/'&'t %e/'&'t beb' ?:'+"r >33 @ . Se%et'r' 'r"#  /'r$ #"%ber  #"%ber  te*'*' +'*#"* %e/'&'t beb' beb' ?:'+"r >33 9@. N$+'$ b't'# "k"r!' ter3't"% /'+'% &'&' #k'+'. Be#'r ke3$+!' $+'$ '%&ere #e#"'$ /e*' &e":"k'.

Rumus penting dalam elektronika: I  Ar"#  A%&ere  A ;  Te*'*'  ;o+t  ; P  D'!'  F'tt  F R  H'%b't'  O%  Ω

P I; ; Po+t!' %e%&erk"'t /'!' &'/' %'#$*9%'#$* ko/e#'tor !'* /$&'r'+e+ $t". 1. '0ndensat0r seri   Lembaga Kur sus dan Pelatihan Pelatiha n Elektronik Elektro nik*'b"*k' Rifton Metro Metro # #er$ #e$**' Ko/e#'tor #er$ '/'+'Kursus ko/e#'tor /"' 't'" +eb$ /$ #e3'r' %e%be %e%bet"k t"k $'+$ $'+$ b'r". b'r". Ko/e Ko/e#'t #'tor or #er$ #er$ !'* !'* bert'% bert'%b' b' tot'+ tot'+ $+'$ $+'$ (o+t'* (o+t'*e! e!' ' #e/'#*k' $+'$ k'&'#$t'#!'.

5152 5152 51 < 1 ) 1 )  1 ) 52 < 1 ) 1 )  1 ) N$+'$ >o+t%!' %e:'/$ 3132

 

1 )  0.- ) 2 ) 1 >  2- >   >o+t

 -00 &)

2. '0ndensat0r paralel  Ko/e#'tor &'r'+e+ '/'+ /"' b"' 't'" +eb$ ko/e#'tor !'* /$*'b"*k' #e3'r' &'r'+e+ &'r'+e+ #e$**' #e$**' %e:'/$ $+'$ b'r". 8'* 8'* tot'+ tot'+ ber"b' ber"b' &'/' $+'$ k'&'#$t'# k'&'#$t'#!' !' #e/'*k' #e/'*k' $+'$ >o+t!' >o+t!' t$/'k ber"b'. ber"b'. N$+'$ >o+t %er$&'k' %er$&'k' /'!' t'' t'' /'r$ %'#$*9 %'#$* ko/e#'tor 

Ko/e#'tor t$/'k t$/'k tet'& '/'+' '/'+' ko/e#'tor ko/e#'tor !'* $+'$ k'&'#$t'#!' t$/'k t$/'k tet'&. N$+'$ be#'r ke3$+!' ko/e#'tor ko/e#'tor $$ b$#' ber"b'9r"b' ber"b'9r"b' #e#"' /e*' /e*' !'* /$kee/'k$. /$kee/'k$. Ko/e#'t Ko/e#'tor or $$ :"*' /$#eb"t ko/e#'to ko/e#'torr "/'r', "/'r', /$#eb"t /$#eb"t ko/e#'to ko/e#'torr "/'r' k're' b'' /$e+ektr$"%!' /'r$ "/'r', !'k$ 3+'r$ 3e+' "/'r' #eb'*'$ &e%$#' 't'r' &+'t !'* #'t" /e*' &+'t !'* +'$!'. 8'* ter%'#"k ko/e#'tor "/'r' $$ '/'+' <

+. Variabl Variable e Condensa Condensator tor (VARCO) (VARCO) N$+'$ N$+'$ k'&'#$ k'&'#$t'# t'# &'/' &'/' >'r3o >'r3o /'&'t /'&'t /$r"b' /$r"b'9r 9r"b' "b'  /e*' /e*' %e%"t' %e%"t'rr &'/' &'/' '# 't'" 't'" *'*'*!'. Ko%&oe $$ b'!'k /$&'k'$ "t"k &e#''t &eer$%' r'/$o. )"*#$ >'r3o $$ '/'+' "t"k #eb'*'$ t"$* /' o#3$++'tor, 't'" "t"k %e3'r$ *e+o%b'* 't'" %e3'r$  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro $ (reke#$ /'r$ &e%'3'r.

. Condensator Trimer  N$+'$ N$+'$ k'&'#' k'&'#'$t' $t'#! #!' ' /'&'t /'&'t /$r"b' /$r"b'*9r *9r"b' "b'  /e*' /e*' %e%"t' %e%"t'rr &'/' &'/' '#!' '#!' /e*' /e*' %e**"'k' obe*. Ko/e#'tor tr$%er b'!'k /$:"%&'$ &'/' &e%'3'r /' r'/$o.

/. L I L I T A  - IDU"T$R I/"ktor '/'+' ko%&oe +$#tr$k=e+ektro$k' !'* /$*"'k' #eb'*'$ beb' $/"kt$(. S$%bo+ $/"ktor /'&'t /$+$'t &'/' *'%b'r /$ b'' $$

51 < 100 "( = 1 ; 5152 52 < 200 "( = 2- ; 100 "( = 1 >  200 ") = 2- ;  00 "( ;o+t!' ;o+t!' t$/'k ter:'/$ &er"b''. ;o+t!' %er"&'k' /'!' t'' %'#$*2 3o/e#'tor. ;o+t &'/' 3o/e#'tor b'$k /$#er$ 't'" &'r'++e+ t$/'k '/' &er"b''

N$+'$ $/"kt'#$ #eb"' $/"ktor /$!'t'k' /'+'% #'t"' Her!. 1 Her!  1000 %H ?%$+$ Her!@. I/"ktor !'* $/e'+ ter/$r$ /'r$ k''t !'* /$+$+$t, t'&' '/'!' $+'$ re#$#t'#$. S$('t9#$('t e+ektr$k /'r$ #eb"' $/"ktor /$tet"k' o+e &':'*!' $/"ktor, /$'%eter  $/"ktor, :"%+' +$+$t' /' b'' !'* %e*e+$+$*$!'. %e*e+$+$*$!'.

I/"ktor /'&'t /$#'%'k' /e*' ko/e#'tor, k're' $/"ktor /'&'t /$&'k'$ #eb'*'$ &e'%&"* eer*$ +$#tr$k. D$ /'+'% $/"ktor /$#$%&' eer*$, b$+' '/' 'r"# !'* %e*'+$r  %e+'+"$ %e+'+"$ $/"ktor $t". Eer*$ Eer*$ $t" /$#$%&' /'+'% bet"k %e/' %e/' %'*$t. %'*$t. B$+' 'r"#!' 'r"#!' bert'%b', b'!'k!' eer*$ !'* /$#$%&' %e$*k't &"+'. B$+' 'r"#!' berk"r'*, %'k' $/"ktor $t" %e*e+"'rk' eer*$. R"%"# "t"k %eet"k' $/"k#$ #e/$r$ /'r$ #eb"' $/"ktor *"+"*' t"**'+ $'+'<

Tr' Tr'#( #(or or%' %'to torr /$#e /$#eb" b"tt :"*' :"*' &e* &e*'+ '+$ $ = &e* &e*'t 't"r "r te*' te*'* *' '.. Tr'( Tr'(o o /'&' /'&'tt %e*'+$rk' %e*'+$rk'=%e =%e*'t" *'t"rr te'*' te'*' +$#tr$k +$#tr$k #e3'r' #e3'r' $/"k#$, $/"k#$, !'$t" /'r$ #'t" k"%&'r' ke k"%&'r' +'$!' t'&' &er+" "b"*' +'*#"* 't'r' k"%&'r' /e*' $t$. I&"t tr'(o /$#eb"t k"%&'r' &r$%er /' o"t&"t tr'(o /$#eb"t k"%&'r' #k"/er. O"t&"t /'r$ &ro#e# $/"k#$ '/'+' te*'*' A5.

L  4  ?  r  ?2r=/  0,@ 10 96   D$%''< L  I/"k#$ #e/$r$ #e/$r$ /'+'% #'t"' Her! ?H@ r  :'r$9:'r$ koker +$+$t' /  /$'%eter teb'+ k''t /'+'% 3%   :"%+' +$+$t' )"*#$ &okok $/"ktor '/'+' "t"k %e$%b"+k' %e/' %'ket. I/"ktor ber"&' k''t !'* /$*"+"* Lembaga #e$**' %e:'/$ k"%&'r' ke%'%&"' "t"k Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatiha n Elektronik Elektronik$/"ktor Rifton Metro Me tro %e$%b"+k' %  %e/' %'*et /$#eb"t ko/"kt'#$. S't"' $/"kt'#$ '/'+' )enr  ?H@ 't'" 't'" mili)enr   mili)enr  ?%H@. Ut"k %e%&erbe#'r $/"kt'#$, /$ /'+'% k"%&'r' /$#$#$&k' b'' #eb'*'$ $t$. #ndukt0r  !'*  !'* ber$t$ /'r$ b'' be#$ /$#eb"t e+ektro%'*et I/"ktor %e%$+$k$ #$('t %e'' 'r"# A5 /' ko/"kt$( ter'/'& 'r"# D5 L$+$t' /$#eb"t :"*' 3$o+ /$#eb"t :"*' k"%&'r'. S't"'!' er! ?H@. 1 H  100 %H. %H. 1%H  1000 "H. "H. L+$+$t' terb"'t terb"'t /'r$ &e*'t'r !'* !'* ber$#o+'#$ e%'$+. e%'$+. S$('t +$+$t' '/'+' %e'' #$!'#+ /' %e*'t'rk' 'r"#. Je$#  :e$# k"%&'r' <

&"#/%"

S!N%" 

Tr'#(or%'tor 't'" Tr'(o '/'+' ko%&oe &'#$( !'* /$b"'t /'r$ k"%&'r'9k"%&'r' k''t +'%$'#$, tr'(o %e%$+$k$ k"%&'r' &r$%er /' k"%&'r' #ek"/er. Perb'/$*'  :"%+' +$+$t' #ert' /$'%eter k''t &'/' k"%&'r' k"%&'r' &r$%er /' #ek"/er 'k'  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelati han/' Elektronik Elektro nik Rifton Metro Metro &  %e%&e*'r"$ &erb'/$*' be#'r!' 'r"# te*'*'. Pr$#$& Pr$#$& ker:' tr'(o %e**"'k' %e**"'k' '#'# $/"k#$ re#o'#$ 't'r k"%&'r' k"%&'r' &r$%er /' #ek"/er. A&'b$+' A&'b$+' &'/' k"%&'r' &r$%er /$ '+$r$ 'r"# A5 %'k' 'k' t$%b"+ %e/' %'*$t !'* ber"b'9" ber"b'9"b' b' (+"kt'#$ (+"kt'#$!', !', 'k$b't!' 'k$b't!' k"%&'r' k"%&'r' #ek"/er #ek"/er !'* ber'/' ber'/' &'/' /'er' /'er' %e/' %e/' %'*$t %'*$t 'k' %e%b'*k$tk' %e%b'*k$tk'  *'!' *er'k +$#tr$k +$#tr$k ?GGL@ ?GGL@ 't'" te*'*' te*'*' $/"k# $/"k#$. $. H'+ $$ '&'b$+ '&'b$+' ' te*'* te*'*' ' &r$%er &r$%er /$ &"t"# &"t"# %'k' %'k' 'k' 'k' $+'* $+'* te*'* te*'*' ' #ek"/er!'.

&rinsip kerja tra0 dengan sistem induksi   A. ika kumparan primer tra0 daliri listrik ' akan mene*a*kan inti tra0 menjadi  ma)net dengan kutu* tetap, maka inti skunder akan terpengaru) ke kutu* ma)net  ang tetap, se)ingga elektr0n ang terkandung pada kumparan skunder juga tetap 6diam, se)ingga 0utput tra0 n0l 6tidak ada 0utput B. uka kumparan primer primer dialiri listrik A' akan mene*a*kan mene*a*kan inti tra0 tra0 menjadi ma)net  ma)net  dengan dengan kutu* ang *erpinda) *erpinda)pind pinda) a) mengikuti mengikuti listrik A' ang dialirkan, dialirkan, maka elektr0n ang terdapat pada skunder akan terpengaru) pada kutu* ma)net se)ingga terjadi kutu* listrik *0lak *alik, dengan demikian terjadi 0utput tra0.

'. K"%&'r' $t$ $t$ (er$t /$*"'k' &'/' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' (reke#$ (reke#$ %ee*' %ee*' b. K"%&'r' $t$ $t$ "/'r' "/'r' /$*"'k' /$*"'k' &'/' r'*k'$' (reke#$ t$**$ 3. K"%&'r' $t$ $t$ be#$ /$*"'k' &'/' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' (reke#$ (reke#$ re/' re/'

'. TRAS0$RMAT$R 1TRA0$!

 A/' beber'&' '+ !'* 'r"# /$&er't$k' /$&er't$k' tet'* tr'(o tr'(o $$ < '. Tr'(o Tr'(o 'k' beker:' '&'b$+' '&'b$+' &'/' k'k$ &r$%er!' &r$%er!' %e/'&'t %e/'&'tk' k' 'r"# +$#tr$k +$#tr$k ?&o#$t$( ?&o#$t$(  /' e*'t$( e*'t$( 9 @ b. K"%&'r K"%&'r' ' k''t k''t te%b'* te%b'*' ' !'* !'* /$+'+" /$+'+"$$ 'r"# 'r"# +$#tr$ +$#tr$k k 'k' 'k' t$%b"+ t$%b"+ %e/' %e/' %'et %'et /$#ek$t'r +$*k"& *"+"*'!' *"+"*'!' 3. Seb'+$k!', *"+"*' *"+"*' k''t te%b'*' !'* /$&e*'r"$ o+e o+e %'et 'k' t$%b"+ 'r"# +$#tr$k &'/' ":"* k"%&'r'!' ungsi Tra0o:

1. Me%o/"+'#$k' 'r"# = (reke#$ /'+'% /'+'% 'rt$ 'rt$ %e%be#'rk', %e%be#'rk', %e%&erk"'t, %e%&erk"'t, /' %e#t'b$+k' 'r"# 2. Me*$r$%k' 't'" %e*$(or%'#$k' %e*$(or%'#$k' #e*'+' #e#"'t" #e#"'t" ke:'/$' !'* ter/'&'t &'/' k"%&'r' &r$%er /' k"%&'r' #k"/er  . Mer"b' te*'*' 't'" %e'$k' = %e"r"k' %e"r"k' te*'*' te*'*' +$#tr$k.

3.

Tr'(o M) ?%o/"+'#$ ?%o/"+'#$ (reke#$@, tr'(o "t"k "t"k &e*"'t (reke#$ (reke#$ %ee*' %ee*' . tr'(o tr'(o $$ ter/$r$ /'r$ /'r$ t$*' %'3'% < k"$*, &"t$ $t'% 't'" $:'" /. Tr'(o o#3$+'tor, tr'(o "t"k "t"k %e%b'*k$tk' %e%b'*k$tk' (reke#$ t$**$ .TRA)O M)

!a"am$ma"am tra0o 1. TRA)O TRA)O STEP STEP UP DAN STEP STEP DOFN DOFN  A&'b$+' te*'*' #ek"/er +eb$ be#'r /'r$ te*'*' &r$%er!', %'k' Tr'#(or%'tor  Tr'#(or%'tor  ter#eb"t ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ &e'$k te*'*' ?Step ?Step   "&@, 'k' tet'&$ '&'b$+' te*'*' #ek"/er +eb$ ke3$+ /'r$ te*'*' &r$%er!' %'k' Tr'#(or%'tor ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ &e"r" te*'*' ?Step ?Step Kursus @ dan Pelatihan d08n@ d08n  Lembaga Kur sus Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro 8 '. Tr'(o Ste& "& /$*"'k' %e'$kk' %e'$kk' te*'*' /'r$ !'* te*'*' te*'*' ke3$+ %e:'/$ be#'r. Se&ert$ /$*"'k' "t"k I>erter /'r$ &r$%er 12 ;o+t D5 %e:'/$ 110, 220 ;o+t A5 b. Tr'(o #te& /o /$*"'k' "t"k "t"k %e"r"k' %e"r"k' te*'*' /'r$ !'* be#'r %e:'/$ ke3$+. Se&ert$ /$*"'k' "t"k 3't" /'!', /'r$ 'r"# &r$%er!' 110 't'" 220 >o+ A5 %e:'/$ , 4.-, , .-, 6, 12, 1-, 1, 24, 2, 42 >o+t A5

Tr'(o !'* /$*"'k' "t"k 3't" /'!' 't'" &oer #"&+! '/' !'* %e**"'k' :e$# 5T /' o 5T. &'/' /'#'r!' #'%' 't'r' 5T /' o 5T. Perbe/''!' Perbe/''!' ter+et'k &'/' #k"/er!' /' #$#te% ker:'!'. H'#$+!'&" #'%' 't'r' 5T /' o 5T. D'+'% #$#te% #$#te% 5T, 5T #eb'*'$ #eb'*'$ te*'*' te*'*' eter'+ eter'+ = *ro"* *ro"* = o+. Se/'*k' Se/'*k' o 5T !'* ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ etr'+ '/'+' '*k' o+ ? 0 >o+t @ P'/' &r$%er! ' '/' !'* 0 110 110 220 /' '/' !'* '!' 0 110 0 110, &e%'#'*'!' &'/' &r$%er !'* 0 110 /' 0 110 '/'+' /e*' %e**'b"*k' te& 110 /e*' te& 0 !'* berbe/' +$+$t'!' +$+$t'!' #e$**' #e$**' %e:'/$ %e:'/$ 220. Se%et'r Se%et'r' ' /$ b'*$' #k"/er!'< , 4.-,  .-, 6, 12, 1-, 1, 24, 2, 42 >o+t

2.TRA)O D A8A A8A Tr'(o /'!' '/'+' tr'(o !'* /$&'k'$ "t"k &e#''t e+ektro$k' /e*' t't' +et'k !'* /$#e#"'$k' /e*' keb"t"' (reke#$!'. Tr'(o /'!' ter/$r$ /'r$ C '. Tr'(o $&"t ?IT@, ?IT@, tr'(o "t"k "t"k &e*"'t &ert'%' 't'" 't'" &e*"'t &e*"'t /e&' &'/' &oer  b. Tr'(o Tr'(o o"t&"t o"t&"t ?OT@, tr'(o tr'(o "t"k &e*"'t &e*"'t 'k$r 'k$r &'/' &oer  &oer 

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelati han Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro 9 2. DI$DA D$o/' '/'+' #"'t" ko%&oe !'* terb"'t terb"'t /'r$ b'' b'' #e%$ ko/"ktor ko/"ktor /' #'+$* /$&erte"k'. Ko%&oe $$ '!' /'&'t /$'+$r$ 'r"# +$#tr$k ke #'t" 'r'. D$o/' %e%$+$k$ /"' k"t"b ter%$'+ !'$t" k"t"b 'o/' = &o#$t$( ?@ /' k"t"b k'to/' = e*'t$( ?9@. K"t"b 'o/' = &o#$t$( '!' /'&'t /$'+$r$ 'r"# +$#tr$k &o#$t$( ?@, #e/'*k' k"t"b k'to/' = e*'t$(  ?@ '!' /'&'t /$+e't$ 'r"# +$#tr$k e*'t$( ?9@. Be#'r ke3$+!' $+'$ /$o/' /$!'t'k' /e*' /e*' '%&ere '%&ere ?A@. 5'r' %e*"k"r %e*"k"r /$o/' /e*' %"+t$ %"+t$ %eter %eter /e*' /e*' #$#t$% #$#t$% 'r' %"/"r. B't'# "k"r &'/'  Ω.

'. Set"k' Set"k' &e!$/$ &e!$/$k k %er' &'/' k'k$ k'k$  /$o/' /' &e!$/$k &e!$/$k $t'% $t'% &'/'  /$o/', %'k' :'r"% ber*er'k. Seb'+$k!' :$k' &e!$/$k %er' /$te%&e+k' &'/' k'k$  /$o/' /$o/' /' &e!$/$k $t'% /$#et"k' /$#et"k' &'/' k'k$  /$o/', /$o/', %'k' :'r"% t$/'k ber*er'k. Pe":"kk' :'r"% #e%'3'% $$ b'' /$o/' b'$k b. J$k' &o#$#$ &o#$#$ &e!$/$k &e!$/$k /$#et"k /$#et"k' ' &'/' /"' k'k$ /$o/' /$o/'  /'  /e*' /$bo+'k /$bo+'k99 b'+$k k'k$!' /' :'r"% %e":"k #e%"' /'+'% &e*"k"r' /"' bo+'k9b'+$k $t", ber'rt$ /$o/' $t" r"#'k 't'" bo3or  3. Ut"k Ut"k +eb$ 'k"r't!' 'k"r't!' *"'k'+ *"'k'+' ' b't'# "k"r  o% !'* &'+$* &'+$* be#'r be#'r !'* '/' &'/' te#ter "t"k %e*et'"$ kebo3or'!'

0ungsi dan macam dioda 1. Pe!e Pe!e'r' 'r'  te*'* te*'*' '

L$#tr$k L$#tr$k A5 !'* %e+e't$ %e+e't$ /$o/' /$o/' &e!e'r' &e!e'r' te*'*' te*'*' %'k' 'r"# +$#tr$k +$#tr$k A5 $t" 'k' /$#e'r'k' %e:'/$ D5, !'$t" !'* t'/$!' 'r"# +$#tr$k bo+'k b'+$k ?  9@ %e*'+$r #e3'r' ber*'t$' ber*'t$'  &'/' k"t"b 'o/' = , %'k' /$o/' /$o/' 'k' %e+e'tk' %e+e'tk' 'r"# +$#tr$k A5 !'* &o#$t$( ?@ /' k"t"b k'to/' ?9@. D$o/' 'k' %e+e'tk' 'r"# +$#tr$k A5 !'* e*'t$( ?9@. K"t"b /$o/'  '!' /'&'t /$+e't$ 'r"#  /' k"t"b  /$o/' '!' /'&'t /$+e't$ 'r"# +$#tr$k  ?e*'t$(@. D$o/' k"t"b &o#$t$('k' /'&'t %e+e'tk' %e+e'tk' te*'*' &o#$t$( &o#$t$( D5 /' t$/'k /'&'t %e+e'tk' te*'*' e*'t$( D5. D$o/' k"t"b e*'t$( /'&'t %e+e'tk' te*'*' e*'t$( D5 /' t$/'k /'&'t %e+e'tk' te*'*' &o#$t$( D5

. LED ?L$* ?L$*t t E%$t E%$t$* $* D$o/ D$o/'@ '@ D$o/' +e/ $$ :"*' /$#eb"t /$o/' 3''!' k're' /'&'t %e*e+"'rk' 't'" %e%'3'rk' 3''!' 3''!' 't'" #$'r :$k' /$ber$ te*'*' te*'*' %':".. Perte%"' Perte%"'!' !' /$te%&e+k' /$te%&e+k' &'/' o&t$k te%b"# 3''!'. Bet"!' /' !'* %er', &"t$, $:'", k"$*. D$o/' $$ b$'#'!' /$*"'k' #eb'*'$ +'%&" $/$k'tor !'k$ "t"k %e%ber$k' t'/' 'k' ker:'!' #"'t" r'*k'$'. T'&$ '/' :"*' +e/ !'* /'&'t %e*e+"'rk' 3''!' $(r' re/ #e&ert$ +e/ !'* /$*"'k' &'/' re%o"te 3otro+. Pe%'#'*' +e/ 'r"# /$&'#'* re#$#tor /'r$ 'r"# ke +e/, bo+e &'/' 'o/' 't'" k'to/' +e/. J$k' t$/'k /$&'#'* +e/ %'k' +e/ $t" 'k' +'*#"* %'t$

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !0 DI$DA +RID3E  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton M etro etro !

'. DI$DA DI$DA 4AR 4ARA" A"T$R T$R 1D4 1D4!! i0da /ete3tor /ete3tor /'&'t /$:e+'#k' /$:e+'#k'  ("*#$!' ("*#$!' &'/' &e/etek#$ &e/etek#$ #$!'+ %o/"+'#$. %o/"+'#$. aract0r  /$#eb"t :"*' K'&'#$t'#$ !'* /$'t"r te*'*', aricap, %picap /' %picap /' D$o/' tert'+' 6tuning  i0da. i0da. i0da aract0r  b'!'k  b'!'k /$&'k'$ &'/' &e#''t &eer$%' T;, Peer$%' R'/$o )M /' &er'+'t' ko%"$k'#$ !'* %e**"'k' (rek"e#$ t$**$. Pr$#$ Pr$#$& & ker:' ker:' &'/' &'/' i0da aract0r , +'&$#' +'&$#' &e*o#o* &e*o#o*' ' ?epleti0n $aer @ /$'t'r' /$'t'r' uncti0n P /' N ter/'& ter/'&'t 't K'&'#$ K'&'#$t' t'#$ #$ tr'#$ tr'#$#$ #$ 't'" 't'" /$#eb" /$#eb"tt :"*' :"*' K'&'#$ K'&'#$t' t'#$ #$ Pe*o#o*' !'$t" 't'r' k'&'#$t'#$ *arier  /'  /' k'&'#$t'#$ &er#'%b"*'.

. *enstabi *enstabill tegangan tegangan - pembt pembtas as tegangan tegangan D$o/' !"'* ber("#$ #eb'*'$ &e%b't'# te*'*' = &e#t'b$+ te*'*' /$#eb"t /$o/' eer ?D@. A*'r 'r"# 't'" te*'*' t$/'k %e+eb$$ /'r$ !'* /$kee/'k %'k' /$b't'#$ = /$#t'b$+k /$#t'b$+k' ' te*'*' te*'*'!' !' /e*' /e*' /$o/' eer $$. D$o/' D$o/' $$ b'!'k /$&'#'* &'/' re*"+' re*"+'tor tor.. D$o/' D$o/' eer eer $$ '/' !'* !'* terb"' terb"'tt /'r$ /'r$ :er%' :er%'$"% $"% /' #$+$3o #$+$3o. . N$+'$ N$+'$ &e%b't'#'!' /'+'% te*'*' te+' ter3't"% &'/' b'/'!'. 5oto< D ,2 ;, 6,2 >, 12,- >, 1- > /++.. M$#'+!' te*'*' 1- ; "t"k /$:'/$k' 't'" /$#t'b$+k' %e:'/$ 12 >o+t !'$t" /e*' %e%'k'$ D 12 >o+t.

Se%'k$ Se%'k$ be#'r!' be#'r!' te*'*' te*'*' !'* /$"%&'k' /$"%&'k'  &'/' arakt0r   'k' %e%&erke3$+ $+'$ K'&'#$t' K'&'#$t'#$ #$ tr'#$#$, tr'#$#$, '+ $$ /$'k$b'tk /$'k$b'tk' ' #eo+'9o+' #eo+'9o+'  %e+eb'r! %e+eb'r!' ' depleti0n laer   't'" %e%&er:'" :'r'k +e%&e*'9+e%&e*' &e%bet"k 'apasit0r   /$/'+'% di0da ter#eb"t. O+e O+e k're' k're' $t" arakt0r   '/'+' '/'+'  i0da !'* $+'$ k'&'#$t'#$! k'&'#$t'#$!' ' /$ke/'+$ /$ke/'+$k' k' o+e te*'*'. D$o/' ('r'ktor $$ terb"'t /'r$ #$+$ko !'* %e%$+$k$ ke$#t$%e'' k"#"# !'$t" '&'b$+' /$ber$ te*'*' %':" 'k' ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ k'&'#$tor 't'" ko/e#'tor /e*' be#'r  k'&'#$t'# tertet". Ke$#t$%e'' +'$' b'' /$o/' >'r'ktor $$ '/'+' 3'r' &e*'t"r' k'&'#$t'# k'&'#$t'# o+e 'r"# +$#tr$k +$#tr$k #e$**': #e$**':'r'k 'r'k :'"&" :'"&" k'&'#$t'# k'&'#$t'#!' !' /'&'t /$'t"r  /$'t"r  /$b'/$*k' /e*' >'r3o !'* &e*'t"r' k'&'#$t'#!' #e3'r' %ek'$k %'"'+  At'" /e*' k't' +'$ /$o/' >'r'ktor /'&'t %e%$/' 't'" %e3'r$ *e+o%b'* 't'" %e*e/'+$k' %e*otro+ #e3'r' '"to%'t$3/e*' :'r'k '"to%'t$3/e*' :'r'k :'" U%"% /$*"'k' &'/' &'/ ' &e*otro+re%o"te &e*otro+re%o"te !'* /'&'t %e*e/'+$k' /e*' /e*' :'r'k :'" U%"% /$*"'k' /$*"'k' &'/' re%o"te 3otro+, !'* /'&'t %e*e/'+$k' /'rt$ :'r'k /'rt$ :'r'k :'".

. *iod *iode e ot oto o (*) (*) D$o/' (oto keb'+$k' /'r$ LED, !'k$ t$/'k /'&'t %e*'#$+k' = %e*e+"'rk' %e*e+"'rk' 3''!'

Tr'#$#tor b'$k /'r$ :e$# PNP %'"&" NPN %e%&"!'$ t$*' e+ektro/' !'* %'#$*9 B'#$# ?B@ < #eb'*'$ &e*e/'+$ /' #eb'*'$ &$t" %'#"k!' #$*'+ ?$&"t@ 5o+ektor ?5@ < Seb'*'$ &$t" ke+"'r!' ?o"t &"t@ /'r$ '#$+ &ro#e# tr'#$#tor !'* Ber"&' (reke#$ /' *et'r' +$#tr$k #'t" ('#' ?#e'r'@ . H'#$+ o"t%!' #e#"'$ /e*' $&"t!' E%$tor ?E@ < Seb'*'$ &$t" 't'" *erb'* %'#"k!' %'#"k!' 'r"# +$#tr$k Ke/"' :e$# tr'#$#tor ?PNP  NPN@ $t" %e%&"!'$ ke*"'' !'* #'%' '!' #':' &'/' k"t"b &e*'r"#'!' !'* berbe/'.

D'r$ 'k$b't k"'t 'r"#. K"'t 'r"# !'* t$%b"+ 'k$b't $te#$t'# 3''!' /' te%&er't"r   Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !! !'* /$ter$%'!'. D'+'% ke'/'' te*'*' %':" 'k' %e*'+$rk' 'r"# ke3$+ #ek'+$ !'* be#'r!' ter*'t"* &'/' $te#$t'# 3''!' /' te%&er't"r !'* /$ter$%'.. D$o/' )oto /'&'t /$:"%&'$ /$:"%&'$ &'/' te+e>$#$ te+e>$#$ 'r' '!' #':' /'+'% te*o+o*$ te*o+o*$ I5 $$ #"/' /$ke%'# /'+'% bet"k I5 be#ert' r'*k'$' +'$!'.

5, T R A S I S T $ R

1 TR !

Tr'#$#t Tr'#$#tor or ber'#'+ /'r$ k't' Tr'#(er Tr'#(er < %e*$r$% %e*$r$% /' Re#$#tor Re#$#tor < %e*'%b %e*'%b't 't 't'" %e''. Tr'#$#tor Tr'#$#tor /'&'t /$'%'$ #eb"' *eer'tor &e%b'*k$t /' &e**er'k &"+#'9 &"+#' 't'" *e+e%b"*9*e+e%b"* *et'r' #ert' %e%bet"k *et'r' +$#t$k !'* ber('#' t"**'+. O+e #eb'b $t" tr'#$#tor %e%&"!'$ ''# ker:' #eb'*'$ ber$k"t < Pe**er'k, &e%o/"+, &e*$r$% /' &e!ek't 'r"# +$#tr$k /' (reke#$. Tr'#$#tor +eb$ terke'+ #eb'*'$ #eb'*'$ &e*"'t b'$k 'r"# 't'" #$!'+ 1enis dan bagan transistor  '. PNP ?Po#$t$( ?Po#$t$( Ne*'t$( Ne*'t$( Po#$t$(  Po#$t$(  b. NPN ?Ne*'t$( ?Ne*'t$( Po#$t$( Po#$t$( Ne*'t$(@ Ne*'t$(@

 Lembaga Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Met ro N&N !"  Transist0r jenis &N&  Kursus Transist0r Transist0 r jenis jenis B'#$# &'/' &ote#$'+ e*'t$( B'#$# &'/' &ote#$'+ &o#$t$(  5o+ektor &'/' &ote#$'+ e*'t$( 5o+ektor &'/' &ote#$'+ &o#$t$(  E%$tor &'/' &ote#$'+ &o#$t$( E%$tor &'/' &ote#$'+ e*'t$(  Tr'#$#tor :e$# :e$# NPN <

Cara menentukan %enis & dan && serta kaki menetukan Basis2 Colektor  dan -mitor Ut"k /'&'t %eet"k' :e$# PNP 't'" NPN %'k' 'r"# %e*et'"$ ter+eb$ /'"+" b'#$#!'. b'#$#!'. K'+'" K'+'" #"/' %e*et'"$ %e*et'"$ k'k$ b'#$#!' #"/' #"/' oto%'t$# oto%'t$# %e*et'"$ %e*et'"$ :e$# tr'#$#tor!', #ete+' $t" b'r" %eet"k' k'k$ ko+ektor /' e%$tor!'. A/' /"' 3'r' "t"k %eet"k'!', !'$t" 3'r' &ert'%'< /e*' %e*'%'t$ t'/'9t'/' &et":"k k'k$ ko+ektor !'* b$'#' ter/'&'t &'/' t"b" tr'#$#tor $t" #e/$r$. K'/'* %e**"'k' t$t$k 't'" 't'" kot'k kot'k &'/' &'/' k'k$ k'k$ 5o+ekt 5o+ektor or . 5'r' 5'r' ke/"' ke/"' /e*' /e*' %e**" %e**"'k 'k' ' %"+t$ %"+t$ %eter %eter.. Seb'*'$%' Seb'*'$%'' ' %e*"k"r %e*"k"r /$o/' /e*' te#ter /$'t'#, /$'t'#, %'k' 3'r' %eet"k %eet"k' ' k'k$ tr'#$#tor b'#$#, 3o+ektor /' e%$tor!' &" #'%'. B't'# "k"r te#ter &'/'  Ω B$+' #'+' #'t" k'k$ tr'#$#tor /$te%&e+k'+k' &e!$/$k %er' ?@ /' &e!$/$k $t'% ?9@ /$te%&e+k' &'/' ke/"' k'k$ !'* +'$!' #e3'r' ber*'t$', &o#$#$ !'* /e%$k$' $$  :'r"% ber*er'k=%e":"k. J$k' /$b'+$k, &e!$/$k $t'% /$te%&e+k' &'/' k'k$ !'* #e%"+' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k %er' /' &e!$/$k %er' /$te%&e+k' &'/' ke/"' k'k$ !'* +'$!' !'* #e%"+' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k $t'%, /'+'% &o#$#$ $$ :'r"% /$'%=t$/'k ber*er'k. 5'r' #e&ert$ $$ /'&'t /$#$%&"+k' b'' k'k$ tr'#$#tor !'* /$te%&e+$ /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k %er'  :'r"% ber*er'k /' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k $t'% t'k ber*er'k '/'+' BASIS. Se+':"t!' ke/"' k'k$ tr'#$#tor !'* +'$!' '/'+' 5o+ektor /' E%$tor. De*' /e%$k$' /'&'t /$ket'"$ &"+' b'' tr'#$#tor $t" :e$# PNP. 5'r' $$ :"*' "t"k /'&'t %e*et'"$ '&'k' tr'#$#to $t" b'$k 't'" t$/'k ?r"#'k@. J$k' *er'k :'r"% t$/'k #e&ert$ ketet"'

/$'t'# ber'rt$ tr'#$#$tor $t" r"#'k. Ut"k +eb$ %e!'k$k' b'$k 't'" r"#'k!' tr'#$#tor  &er*"'k' b't'# "k"r &'/' $+'$ o% !'* &'+$* be#'r. be#'r. B$+' #'+' #'t" k'k$ tr'#$#tor /$te%&e+k'+k' &e!$/$k $t'% ?9@ /' &e!$/$k %er' ?@ /$te%&e+k' &'/' ke/"' k'k$ !'* +'$!' #e3'r' ber*'t$', &o#$#$ !'* /e%$k$' $$  :'r"% ber*er'k=%e":"k. J$k' /$b'+$k, &e!$/$k %er' /$te%&e+k' &'/' k'k$ !'* #e%"+' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k $t'% /' &e!$/$k $t'% /$te%&e+k' &'/' ke/"' k'k$ !'* +'$!' !'* #e%"+' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k %er', /'+'% &o#$#$ $$ :'r"% /$'%=t$/'k ber*er'k. 5'r' #e&ert$ $$ /'&'t /$#$%&"+k' b'' k'k$ tr'#$#tor !'* /$te%&e+$ /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k $t'%  :'r"% ber*er'k /' /$te%&e+$ &e!$/$k %er' t'k ber*er'k '/'+' BASIS. Se+':"t!' ke/"' k'k$ tr'#$#tor !'* +'$!' '/'+' 5o+ektor /' E%$tor. De*' /e%$k$' /'&'t /$ket'"$ /$ket'"$ &"+' b'' b'' tr'#$#to tr'#$#torr $t" :e$# NPN. 5'r' $$ :"*' "t"k "t"k /'&'t %e*et'"$ %e*et'"$ '&'k' '&'k' tr'#$#to tr'#$#to $t" b'$k 't'" t$/'k t$/'k ?r"#'k@. ?r"#'k@. J$k' *er'k :'r"% t$/'k #e&ert$ #e&ert$ ketet"' ketet"' /$'t'# ber'rt$ tr'#$#$tor $t" r"#'k. Ut"k +eb$ %e!'k$k' b'$k 't'" r"#'k!' tr'#$#tor  &er*"'k' b't'# "k"r &'/' $+'$ o% !'* &'+$* be#'r. be#'r. A/' :tr'#$#tor :tr'#$#tor !'* 3'r'  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !# &e*"k"r'!' berbe/' /e*' 5'r' &e*"k"r' #e&ert$ /$ke%"k'k' /$'t'# %$#'+!' %$#'+!' tr'#$#t!or &'/' or$ot'+ o"t&"t te+e>$#$ 'r', 'k' /$:e+'#k' &'/' &e%b''#' te+e>$#$ 'r'. Ut"k %et"k' k'k$ 5OLEKTOR /' EMITOR !' '/'+' /e*' %e%&er't$k' #e3'r' #ek#'%' &e":"k'!' /e*' 3'r' #e&ert$ /$'t'#. 5o+ektor $+'$ '%b't'!' +eb$ ke3$+ /'r$ $+'$ '%b't' E%$tor. Pe*"k"r' /e*' %"+t$%eter t'&' %e*"'k' '+'t b't" "t"k %e*et'"$ k'k$ ko+ektor /' e%$tor t$/'k 'k' b$#' /' k'+'" b$#' #'*'t #e/$k$t #ek'+$, #eb'b 'bt'r' e%$tor /' ko+ektor b$#' /$k't'k' &e":"k'!' #'%', o+ek're' $t" &er+" '+'t b't" /' t'" 3'r'93'r'!'. 5'r' !'* &'+$* te&'t "t"k %e*et'"$ k'k$ 5o+ektor /' E%$tor, !'k$ /e*' %e**"'k' '+'t b't" re#$#tor. 6diterangkan pada 8aktu kursus 5'r' %eet"k' k'k$ tr'#$#tor :e$# NPN /' PNP '/'+'< Tr'#$#tor :e$# NPN B'#$# &e!$/$k te#ter $t'%, Ko+ektor &e!$/$k %er', E%$tor &e!$/$k %er' Tr'#$#t Tr'#$#tor or :e$# PNP,B PNP,B'#$# '#$# &e!$/$k &e!$/$k te#ter te#ter %er', %er', Ko+ektor Ko+ektor &e!$/$k &e!$/$k $t'%, $t'%, E%$tor  E%$tor  &e!$/$k $t'%

MJ 26-- :e$# PNP TIP 1 :e$# NPN

2N 0-- :e$# NPN TIP 2 :e$# PNP

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !$ 5. ITE3RA ITE3RATE TED D CIRCU CIRCUIT IT 1 IC !

Ite*r'te/ 5$r3"$t %er"&'k' *'b"*' /r$ beber'&' ko%&oe e+ektro$k', %$#'+!'< Tr'#$#to Tr'#$#tor9tr' r9tr'#$#t #$#tor, or, re#$#tor9r re#$#tor9re#$#t e#$#tor or /' /$o/'9/$o/ /$o/'9/$o/' ' /e*' /e*' %'k#"/ "t"k %e%&ero+e $te*r'#$ !'* ko%&'k, ko%&'k, &r'kt$# /' #'*'t +"'# &e**"''!'. I5 I5 t$/'k '/' ketet"' k'k$9k'k$!' /' t$/'k '/' ketet"' /'+'% %e*"k"r!' #e$**' "t"k %e*et'"$ I5 $t" b'$k 't'" t$/'k $'+' /e*' %e%&er't$k' *e:'+' !'* ter:'/$ 't'" /e*' /e*' %e%b'/$*k' /e*' I5 !'* #'%' !'* or%'+. Ht$9't$ /'+'% %eet"k' r"#'k t$/'k!' I5. Ke"t"*' %e**"'k' I5 < '. R'*k'$'! R'*k'$'!' ' #e/er'' #e/er'' b. M$$'t"r M$$'t"r &e#''t &e#''t #e%"' 3. K'+$t'# K'+$t'# /'r$ #$#te% #$#te% ter:%$ ter:%$ /. D'!' +$#tr$k +$#tr$k !'* /$&er+"k' /$&er+"k'  t$/'k t$/'k be#'r e. E($#$e E($#$e te%&'t te%&'t /' /' ke%'# ke%'#'!' '!'

Ker"*$' %e**"'k' I5 < '. D'!' t$/'k /'&'t be#'r #ek'+$ #ek'+$ b. S'+' S'+' #'t" #$#te% #$#te% r"#'k %'k' r"#'k 3. T$/'k T$/'k /'&'t /$%o/$($k /$%o/$($k'#$ '#$ /. T$/'k T$/'k '/' #t'/'r #t'/'r k'k$!' k'k$!'

Ut"k +eb$ %"/'!' /'+'% %eet"k' :e$# tr'#$#tor /#' k'k$ b'#$#, ko+ektor /' e%$tor4!', &er't$k' &er't$k' o%er #er$ /' bet"k tr'#$#tor ber$k"t ber$k"t $$ < No%or #er$ < No%or #er$ < No%or #er$ < No%or #er$ <

A :e$# PNP "t"k (re7e#$ to**$ B :e$# PNP "t"k "t"k (re7e#$ re/' 5 :e$# NPN "t"k (re7e#$ (re7e#$ t$**$ D :e$# NPN ""tk (re7e#$ (re7e#$ re/'

  313

 Ada %uga kode transistor transistor 3ang tidak beraturan BD 16

:e$# NPN

BD 140

B-

:e$# PNP

E

S%ITC6 1SA"LAR!

S$t3?#@ 't'" #'k+'r '/'+' '+'t "t"k %e*"b"*k' 't'" t$/'k %e*"b"*k', %e!'%b" %e!'%b"* * 't'" %e%"t"#. %e%"t"#. T$t$k T$t$k "b"* "b"* ter+et'k ter+et'k &'/' k'k$ te*'. te*'. K'k$ te*' %er"&'k' %er"&'k' &oro#!' &oro#!' /' !'* ter:'/$ ter:'/$ &e!'k+'r' &e!'k+'r' &'/' k'k$ #'&$* #'&$* k'' /' k$r$!'.Bere'rt$ '/' t$*' k'k$ /'+'% #$#t$% &e!'k+'r' te*', ?#eb'*'$ &oro#=#"%ber@, #'%&$* k'' /' #'%&$* k$r$!' #eb'*'$ !'* 'k' %e/'&'tk' k'k$ te*' !'* 'k' /$#'k+'r. S'k+'r '/' !'* %oo /' '/' !'* #etereo. S'k+'r '/' /"' %'3'% !'$t" !'$t" #'k+'r #'k+'r %ek'$ %ek'$k k /' #'k+'r #'k+'r oto%'t oto%'t$#. $#. S'k+'r S'k+'r %'"'+ %'"'+ '/'+' '/'+' #'k+'r #'k+'r !'* !'* /$ ke/'+$k' #e3'r' %'"'+. 8'* ter%'#"k #'k+'r %'"'+ '/'+' #'k+'r *e#er, #'k+'r  &"t'r ?rot'r!@ /' #'k+'r tek'. Se/'*k' #'k+'r oto%'t$# $t" '/'+' RELA8 !'$t" #'k+'r  !'* /$ke/'+$k' #e3'r' oto%'t$# oto%'t$# !'$t" /e*' 3'r' %e%ber$ k' te*'*' te*'*' A5 't'" D5. P'/' ke/"' +$+$t' +$+$t' :$k' /$ber$ te*'*' 'k' ter:'/$ ter:'/$ &e!'k+'r' &e!'k+'r' &'/' b'*$' #$t3!' /' ket$k' t$/'k '/' te*'*' te*'*' &'/' +$+$t' re+'! 'k' ter:'/$ &e!'k+'r' #eb'+$k!'.

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !% 

?@ 'k' %e+e'tk' 'r'"# +$#tr$k A5 !'* &o#$t$( ?@ /' /$o/' b'*$' e*'t$( e*'t$( ?9@ 'k' %e+e'tk' 'r"# +$#tr$k A5 !'* e*'t$( ?9@, #ete+' $t" /$ ($+ter 't'" /$re/'% 't'" /$r't'k' /e*' e+3o. S'%&'$ /$ #$$ '/'+' r'*k'$' '/'&tor. Ke%"/$' "t"k +eb$ %e%'t'*k' 't'" %e*"'tk' 'r"# /$ber$ re*"+'tor. 5oto '/'&tor  a. Adapt0r sistem peneara) setenga) gel0m*ang 

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelati han Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !&  *. Adapt0r sistem peneara) gel0m*ang penu)

CATU DA7A 1ADA*T$R! a. Adapt0r Adapt0r sistem sistem peneara)an peneara)an gel0m*a gel0m*ang ng penu) dengan dengan tra0 tra0 'T  5't" /'!' /$#eb"t /$#eb"t :"*' &oer #"&+'! '/'&tor '/'&tor ?PSA@. ?PSA@. 5't" /'!' '/'+' #"%ber  te*'*' D5 /' bert"*'# %e%ber$ 'r"# +$#tr$k D5 &'/' &e#''t e+ektro$k'. Seb'b t'&' '/'!' 'r"# +$#tr$k D5 %'k' &e#''t e+ektro$k t$/'k /'&'t ker:'. 5't" /'!' '/' !'* %"t"!' b'$k /' '/' !'* t$/'k. A/'&tor b$'#'!' "t"k (reke#$ re/' /'  :$k' "t"k (reke#$ t$**$ #eb'$k!' '/'&tor /$t'%b' /e*' re*"+'tor. Ter+eb$9+eb$ Ter+eb$9+eb$ "t"k te+e>$#$ 'r"# '/' re*"+'tor!'. Re*"+'tor '/'+' r'*k'$' &e*'t"r /' &e*"'t 'r"# . D'+'% re*"+'tor 'k' +eb$ b'$k +'*$ :$k' '/' &e%b't'# te*'*' "t"k %e%b't'#$ '*'r 'r"# 't'" te*'*' t$/'k %e+eb$$ /'r$ !'* /$b"t"k'

B+ok /$'*r'% < TRA)O TRA)O STUP DOFN

PEN8ERAH PEN8ERAHAH AH

)ILTER )ILTER

EGULAT EGULATOR OR

S$#t$% ker:'C Tr'(o b'*$' &r$%er %e/'&'tk' A5 /'r$ PLN 220 't'" 110 ke%"/$' ter:'/$ $/"k#$ #e$**' /'&'t %e*'#$+k' &'/' #k"/er!' 'r"# A5 #e#"'$ /e*' /'t' !'* terter' &'/' tr'(o b'*$' #k"/er. D'r$ tr'(o b'*$' #k"/er !'* ber'r"#k'  A5 ke%"/$' /$#e'r'k' o+e /$o/' /e*' %e%&erte%"k'!', /$o/' b'*'$ &o#$t$( 

 A/'&tor !'* b'$k '/'+' '/'&tor !'* /$#e'r'k' /e*' #$#te% &e!e'r'' *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* &e". S"&'!' '/'&tor $t" %"t"!' %"t"!' b'$k %'k' '/'&tor $t" &er+" '/'!' re*"+'tor re*"+'tor.. D$/'+'% D$/'+'% re*"+'tor re*"+'tor /$&'#'* ko%&oe !'* ber("*#$ ber("*#$ "t"k &e%b't'# &e%b't'# = &e#t'b$+ te**'. Pe%b't'# Pe%b't'# te*'*' $$ ber+" /$ber$ '*'r te*'*' t$/'k %e+eb$$ /'r$ !'* /$&er+"k'. /$&er+"k'. Pe%b't'# Pe%b't'# te*'*' te*'*' '/' !'* berbet"k berbet"k /$o/' /$o/' eer /' !'* berbet"k I5. Be#'r ke3$+!' $+'$ !'* 'k' /$&er*"'k' te+' ter3't"% ter3't"% /'+'% t"b" ko%&oe ter#eb"t. D$o/' eer te+' /$"*k'&k' /$ 't'#. M$#'+ &e%b't'# te*'*' I5. I5  /$*"'k' "t"k %e%b't'#$=%e#t'b$+k' te*'*'  #e/'*k+' I5 6 /$*"'k' "t"k %e%b't#$=%e#t'b$+k' te*'*' 9 0-  - >o+t  12  12 >o+t  60   >o+t 9 0   >o+t  1-  1- >o+t  606  6 >o+t 9

06  6 >o+t  1  1 >o+t  612  12 >o+t 9 K'k$ &ert'%' $&"t , k'k$ ke/"' ?te*'@ *ro"/ /' k'k$ ke t$*' o"t&"t. O"t&"t #'%' /e*' $&"t. J$k' o"t&"tb!'  %'k' $&"t!'&" :"*' 'r"#  be*$t" #eb'+$k!'. 5't" /'!' = '/'&tor '/'&tor '*'r /'&'t /$'t"r be#'r ke3$+!' ke3$+!' te*'*' %'k' /$&'#'* >er$'b+e >er$'b+e re#$#tor &'/' o"t&"t &e%b't'# te*'*' $t", '!' #':' be#'r!' te*'*' t$/'k /'&'t %e+eb$$ %e+eb$$ &e%b't'# &e%b't'# te*'*' te*'*'!'. !'. M$#'+!' M$#'+!' &e%b't'# &e%b't'# te*'*' te*'*'!' !' 12 >o+t, %'k' te*'*'!' t$/'k 'k' /'&'t %e+eb$$ %e+eb$$ 12 >o+t. Be#'r te*'*'!' %$$%'+ %$$%'+ 0 >o+t /' %'k#$%"% 12 >o+t.. M$#'+< te*'*' 12 >o+t /$&'#'* I5  12 't'" D 12 >o+t, %'k' te*'*' !'* ke+"'r %e:'/$ 12 >o+t. Re*"+'tor %er"&'k' &e*"'t &er't'' 'r"# D5 't'" "t"k &'/' 3't" /'!' #e$**' /'&'t %e3"k"&$ 'r"# !'* /$b"t"k' o+e o+e #eb"' &e#''t. B$'#'!' /$ *"'k' *"'k' "t"k r'*k'$' !'* (reke#$!' t$**$ #e&ert$ T;, Pr' '%& e'/, o#3$+'tor, %$er r'/$o, &re '%& % $3 /++. *k'$' !'* (reke#$!' re/' t$/'k %e%er+"k' re*"+'tor, #e&ert$ '"/$o '%&+$($er 

 Lembaga Kursus Kur sus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !8 '0nt0) adapt0r ang ang di*eri regulat0r  a. '0nt0) regulat0r dengan pensta*il-pem*atas pensta*il-pem*atas tegangan tegangan di0da :ener

*.

c.

Adapt0r dengan regulat0r dengan pem*atas- pensta*il tegangan #' 

'0nt0) '0nt0) regulat0 regulat0rr dengan dengan di*eri di*eri ;aria*le ;aria*le resist0r  resist0r 

Tr'(o <  A%&ere D 1  4 <  '%&ere 51 < 400 "( = 1 >o+t 52 < 1000 "( = 1 >o+t

;R R Q1 Q2

< -0 K C 100 O% < D 1 < 2N 0--

D

< 12 >o+t

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro !9

 Ar"# A5 !* ke+"'r /'r$ tr'(o #k"/er 1- >o+t ke%"/$' /$#e'r'k' /e*' 4 /$o/' #e$**' #e$**' 'r"# +$#tr$k!' +$#tr$k!' %e:'/$ %e:'/$ 'r"# D5 !'k$  /'  /e'* /e'* te*'*' te*'*' 1- > D5. Ke%"/$' /$($+ter = /$r't'k' 'r"#!' o+e 51 te*'*'!' %e:'/$ 1 >, k're' e+3o %e!$%&' %e!$%&' 'r"# #ek$tr  >o+t. 5 "t"k "t"k ($+ter ($+ter $+'$!' #e%'k$ #e%'k$ be#'r #e%'k$ #e%'k$ b'$k. Te*'*' Te*'*' 1 ; $$ b$#' /$ke3$+k' /e*' ;R, %$$%"%!' 0 >o+t /' %'k#$%"%!' 1>o+t. Te*'*' Te*'*'  1- >o+t $$ #e+':"t!' #e+':"t!' /$k"'tk' /$k"'tk' 'r"#!' 'r"#!' /e*' /e*' Q1 /' Q2. Q1 %er"&'k' %er"&'k' &e*"'t ''+, Q2 %er"&'k' %er"&'k' &e*"'t t$*k't 'k$r 't'" /$#eb"t &oer  re*"+'tor. O"t&"t /'r$ re*"+'tor!' '/'+' k'k$ 3o+ektor &oer re*"+'tor. Se+':"t!' Se+':"t!' #$'& "t"k %e*o&r'#$k' &e#''t e+ektro$k'. . Adapt0 r Simetris

 A/'&tor #$%etr$# $$ %e*e+"'rk' %e*e+"'rk' t$*' k"t"b, !'$t" &o#$t$( ?  @, e*'t$>e ? 9 @ /' *r'o/. /$&er"t"k /$&er"t"kk' k' &'/' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' !'* %e%b"t" %e%b"t"k' k' 'r"#  9 /' Gro"/. A/'&tor A/'&tor $$ %e%$+$k$ t$*' k"t"b, k"t"b, !'$t" !'$t"  9 /' *ro"/. *ro"/.  Ar"# +$#tr$k A5 /'r$ # k"/er 1 >o+t , :$k' /$"k"r /'r$ 5T, /' 1 >o+t :"*' :$k' /$"k"r /'r$ 5T !'* !'* #'t"! #'t"!', ', #e$* #e$**' *' :$k' :$k' /$"k"r /$"k"r &'/' /"' ":"* #k"/er #k"/er !'* !'* b"k' b"k' 5T te*'!' %e:'/$  >o+t.Te*' >o+t.Te*' A5 ter#eb"t ke%"/$' /$#e'r'k' /e*' /$o/' #e$**' 'r"#!' %e:'/$ D5,. Pe!e'r'' $t" %e*'#$+k' te*'*'  9 /' *ro"/.

 /e*' *ro"/ ?9@  1 ;, 9 /e*' *ro"/ ?@  1 >o+t Ke%"/$' te*'*' $t" /$($+ter /e*' /"' e+3o.

/'  /e*' 9  .

*C+ 1*RITED CIRCUIT +$ARD! P5B '/'+' &'&' r'*k'$' ter3et'k !'* ber*"' "t"k %ee%&'tk' ko%&oe /'+'% ke#'t"' r'*k'$'. D'+'% %e%b"'t %e%b"'t +'! o"t P5B 'r"# ber't$9't$. Perk$r'k' #eber'&' b'!'k ko%&oe !'* 'k' /$ter'&k' /'+'% P5B "t"k %e%&er$t"*k' be#'r ke3$+!' P5B. T't' +et'k ko%&oe &':'* &e/ek!' 'r"# /$#e#"'$k' /e*' ":"/ '#+$!'. M$#'+!' "t"k t't' +et'k re#$#tor /$ber$ :'r'k #ek$t'r 1,- 3% #eb'b ":"/ '#+$!' re#$#tor berk$#'r 13%, be*$t" :"*' !'* +'$!'. A&'+'*$ "t"k I5 :'r'k!' k'k$ ke k'k$ !'* +'$!' 'r"# /$#e#"'$k' /e*' :'r'k k'k$ I5 ":"/ '#+$!' #eb'b t$/'k #'%' :'r'k!' :'r'k!' 't'r' 't'r' t't' +et'k P5B /e*' /e*' /e*' /e*' ":"/ '#+$!' '#+$!' %'k' 'k' %e!eb'bk' k'k$ I5 t$/'k b$#' %'#"k ke/'+'% /e#'$ P5B $t".

&'B regulat0r dengan i0da er $$ :"*' %er"&'k' &e*"'t' #ebe+"% &e*"'t' t$*k't 'k$r !'$t" &oer '%&+$. Dr$>er %er"&'k' $&"t '%&+$($er. '%&+$($er. I&"t /r$>er  ber'#'+ /'r$ &re '%& e'/, &re '%& %$3, M) r'/$o. Se/'*k'% o"t&"t!' /ebr$k' &'/' +o"/ #&e'ker. Dr$>er :"*' ter%'#"k &e*"'t' ke/"'. Pe*"'t' &ert'%' '/'+' &re '%& /' &e*"'t' ke t$*' '/'+' &oer '%&+$($er. I&"t '%&+$ b$'#'!' /$%"+'$ /'r$ >o+"%e . * $ % E R 1$UT*UT! Poer %er"&'k' &e*"'t /'!'. R'*k'$' $$ %e+':"tk' &ro#e# /'r$ /r$>er o"t&"t. R'*k'$' &oer $$ %er"&'k' &e*"'t' t$*k't 'k$r /' &eet" k"'t +e%'!' '%&+$($er. Se%'k$ be#'r /'!'!' 'k' #e%'k$ ker'# #"'r'!' be*$t" &"+' #e%'k$ ke3$+ /'!'!' 'k' #e%'k$ +e%' #"'r'%!'. O"t&"t!' /$ter"#k' ke +o"/ #&e'k'r  "t"k /$r"b' #$*'+!' %e:'/$ #"'r' 't'" b"!$ #e#"'$ /e*' b"!$ = #"'r' '#+$!'. Poer Poer 't'" o"t&"t '%&+$($er '%&+$($er /$ber$k' /$ber$k' ke +o"/ #&e'ker "t"k /$r"b' /$r"b' *et'r' *et'r' +$#tr$k %e:'/$ #"'r' #e$**' /'&'t k$t' /e*'r. Dr$>er %er"&'k' $&"t '%&+$($er !'* b$'#'!' te+' /$+e*k'&$ /e*' toe 3otro+ ?&e*'t"r '/'@ b'##, treb+e /' >o+"%e. D' >o+"%e %er"&'k' $&"t '%&+$ Me3'r$ $&"t '%&+$($er /e*' %e*"r"t /'r$ &re '%& %$3 't'" &re '%& e'/ 't'" /'r$  Lembaga Kur sus dan&re Pelatihan Pelatiha n Elektronik Elektro Me tro "! /$ter"#k' ke M) r'/$o k're' &re '%&Kursus %$3 't'" '%& e'/ 't'"nik M)Rifton r'/$o Metro o"t&"t!' $&"t '%&+$($er. B$'#'!' $&"t '%&+$($er /$t'/'$ /'r$ >o+"%e, #e/'*k' %e3'r$ o"t&"t '%&+$($er /e*' %e*"r"t /'r$ #&e'ker 

Sistem dan macam po8er ampli9ier  a.o4er ush ull , ull , Poer $$ #'*'t ker'# #"'r'!' /' !'* &'+$* 3o3ok "t"k #"'r' >ok'+ ?#"'r' %'"#$'@ /' #&e'ker!' '/'+' or 't'" 3oro*, #e&ert$ &oer '%&+$ !'* #er$* /$&'k'$ &'/' %'#:$/9%'#:$/, #eko+'9#eko+', %"#o++',%"#o++' /++. Poer  $$ ter/$r$ /'r$ /"' tr'(o #eb'*'$ t'ro o"t ?OT@ /' tr'(o $&"t ?IT@ /' &erk"'t /e*' tr'#$#tor9tr'#$#tor !'* ber'/' /$'t'r' tr'(o IT /' OT. IT #eb'*'$ &e%b'+$k ('#' , tr'#$#tor !'* ber'/' /$'t'r' IT /' OT %er"&'k' &e/oro* ker:'!' OT /' OT %er"&'k' O"t Tr'(o 't'" %er"&'k' &oer '%&+$.

b. o4er OC ( Output Condensat Condensator or ess )2  )2  &e*"'t /'!' /e*' #$#te% o"t&"t t'&' ko&+$* 3o/e#'tor. Poer $$ %e%b"t"k' t$*' k"t"b 'r"# +$#tr$k, !'$t"  9 /' *ro"/ #e$**' 3't" /'!'!'&" 'r"# 3't" /'!' ke%b'r. O5L %"t" #"'r'!' #'*'t b'$k, '!' #':' ker'#!' t$/'k #e&ert$ &oer &"# &"++.O5L $$ #&e#$'+ "t"k #"'r' b'## /' tr'b+e /' :"*' (ok'+. O5L b'!'k #ek'+$ /$&er*"'k' ter"t'%' "t"k #"'r' %"#$k, %$#' %$#'+ +!' !' or*' or*'  t"* t"**' *'+, +, k'r' k'r'ok oke, e, &ert &ert" ":" :"kk kk' ' %"#$ %"#$k k /++. /++. H't$ H't$ 't$ 't$ /'+' /'+'% % %e*$/"&k'!' #eb'b #'*'t r'' ter'/'& ker"#'k'. K'be+ #&e'ker !'* #'+$* berte%" ?ko#+et@ 'k' %e!eb'bk' &oer O5L r"#'k /' #eb'+$k!' &oer O5L r"#'k 'k' %e!eb'bk' #&e'ker :"*' $k"t r"#'k #eb'b o"t &oer O5L /$'t'r' te*'*'  /'  #e$**' k'+'" t$/'k '/' #$!'+, o"t&"t!' 0 >o+t. Sebe+"% %e*$/"&k' /e*' %e%'#'* #&e'ker, &'#t$k' /"+" b'' &oer!' or%'+. Ut"k %e*et'"$ &oer  O5L or%'+ !'$t" /e*' 3'r' %e*"k"r &'/' o"t&"t!' /e*' b't'# "k"r A5 >o+t  10, :$k' t$/'k '/' #$!'+, %'k' t$/'k '/' 'r"# #e$**' te*'*' 0 >o+t. J$k' '/' #$!'+ %'k' :'r"% te#ter 'k' ber*er'k9*e ber*er'k9*er'k r'k #e#"'$ /e*' /e*' k"'t +e%'!' +e%'!' #$!'+. #$!'+. J$k' ter!'t' /$"k"r o"t&"t!' '/' 'r"# 't'" te*'*'!' /$k'+' t$/'k '/' #$!'+ %'k' $t" &ert'/' &oer!' t$/'k or%'+ = r"#'k #e$**' k'+'" +'*#"* /$ber$k' ke #&e'ker  %'k' #&e'ker!' 'k' r"#'k. Ut"k %e*'%'k' &oer O5L /' #&e'ker!' '/'+' /e*' /e*' %e%'#'* %e%'#'* r'*k'$' r'*k'$'  prote"tor  6 &e+$/"*@. &e+$/"*@. R'*k'$' ber("*#$ %e+$/"*$ #&e'ker ket$k' &oer!' r"#'k #e$**' #&e'ker!' t$/'k $k"t r"#'k /' %e+$/"*$  Lembaga Kursus Kursusk'be+ dan Pelatihan Pelati han't'" Elektronik Elektro nik Rifton r"#'k Metro Metro#e$**' "" &oer!' ket$k' ber#et"' #&e'ker #&e'ker!' &oer!' t$/'k r"#'k. Ut"k %e'%b' /'!' 'tt &'/' &oer &oer O5L $$ !'$t" /e*' %e'%b' tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor &oer &e%'#'*' &e%'#'*'!' !' #'%' /e*' /e*' tr'#$#to tr'#$#torr &oer #ebe+"%!', #ebe+"%!', '!' '!' &'/' o"t ke #&e'ker /e*' %e%ber$ re#$#tor !'* $+'$!'&" #'%' /e*' re#$#tor  tr'#$#tor ke o"t #&e'ker #ebe+"%!'.

c. o4er OT Output Tra0o ess )2 &e*"'t )2 &e*"'t /'!' /e*' #$#te% o"t&"t t'&' tr'(o. Poer OTL '%&$r #'%' /e*' O5L, '!' #':' OTL 'r"# +$#tr$k !'* /$&er+"k'  /' 9 /' o"t&"t!' /e*' %e**"'k' %e**"'k' ko&+$* 3o/e#'tor. Poer AMPLI)IER t/' 2002 = 200

+TL

/. o4er 5ntregrated 5ntregrated Cir"uit (5C). Poer I5 b$#' :"*' %e%'k'$ #$#t$% #$#t$% OTL 't'" O5L, '!' #':' /$ke%'# #e/e%$k$' r"&' /'+'% bet"k I5. Ut"k %e*et'"$ b'$k t$/'k!' I5 /e*' %e%&er't$k' *e:'+'!'. 8'* &'+$* &et$* /'+'% Keb'!'k' o"t&"t!' Kur sus dan Pelatihan Pelatihabe'r n Elektronik Elektro nik Rifton Metro Metro$&"t "# /' o"t&"t. 0.- >o+t. D'+'% Lembaga &oer I5 Kursus $$ 'r"# /$ket'"$ +et'k k'k$  *ro"/

 SPEAKER

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro "$

Lo"/ #&e'ker $&"t /'r$ o"t&"t &oer '%&+$($er. Lo"/ #&e'ker %er"&'k' '+'t !'* %er"b' *et'r' +$#tr$k %e:'/$ #"'r' /'r$ #$*'+ !'* /$'#$+k' o+e &oer '%&+($er. S&e'ker S&e'ker 'r"# /$ #e#"'$k' #e#"'$k' /e*' be#'r!' /'!' !'* /$ke+"'rk' /$ke+"'rk' o+e &oer  '%&+$($er. A+'t $$ %e%&"!'$ %"t" !'* berbe/' be/' #e$**' !'* %"t"!' b'*"# %'k' #"'r' !'* /$ke+"'rk'&" b'$k. M'3'% #&e'ker $$ '/'+'< 1. S"( Foo(er, Foo(er, #&e3$'+ #&e3$'+ "t"k #"'r' #"'r' b'## ?re/'@ ?re/'@ 2. Me/$"%, Me/$"%, #&e3$'+ #&e3$'+ "t"k "t"k #"'r' >ok'+ ?%ee* ?%ee*'=% '=%e/$"% e/$"%@@ . Teeter Teeter,, #&e3$'+ #&e3$'+ #"'r' tr'b+e tr'b+e ?t$**$@ ?t$**$@ 4. )"++ R'*e, R'*e, #&e'ker !'* b$#' %e%&ro#e# #"'r' b'##, %e/$"% /' tr'b+e.   Ut"k %e%&erb'*"# #"'r' +'*$ o"t&"t /'r$ &oer '%&+$($er /$&'#'* '+'t 5ro## o>er  #ebe+"% ke #&e'ker, !'$t" #"'t" r'*k'$' !'* ter/$r$ /'r$ 3o$+ /' 3o/e#'tor !'* /'&'t %e%&ro#e# &e%$#'' #"'r' b'##, %e/$"% /' tr'b+e #e$**' '/' t$*' o"t&"t /'r$ 3ro## o>er !'$t o"t&"t b'##, o"t&"t %e/$"% /' o"t&"t o"t&"t tr'b+e.

Se3'r' "%"% '!' ter/$r$ /'r$ #'t" >'re'b+e re#$#tor /'r$ %'#$*9%'#$* b'## /' treb+e!'* 'k' /$*"'k' "t"k %e*'t"r '/'9'/' $t" #e$**' '/' !'* 'k' /$kee/'k$ '#$+!' k"r'* %e%"'#k'. 5oto &e*'t"r '/' &'#$( 

5oto &e*'t"r '/' 'kt$( 

T$E C$TR$L Toe 3otro+ '/'+' &e*'t"r '/'. N'/' !'* /$'t"r!' '/'+' '/' b'##=re/', %e/$"%=#e/'* /' treb+e=t$**$. 20 H #./. -00 H < '/' B'## -00 H #./. 000 000 H < '/' %e/$"%=>ok'+ 000 H #./. 20.000 H < '/' t$**$ Toe 3otro+ $$ #'*'t /$b"t"k' "t"k %e/'&'tk' ke$/'' '/' #e#"'$ /e*' !'* /$$*$k'. /$$*$k'. Ko%&oe Ko%&oe !'* #'*'t #'*'t ber&e*'r ber&e*'r" " "t"k "t"k %e*'t"r %e*'t"r '/' b'##, %e/$"% /' treb+e '/'+' 3o/e#'tor. R'*k'$' A7"'+$er /' *'+'$ ter%'#"k toe 3/otro+. 3/otro+. H'!' #':' *'+'$ *'+'$ &e*'t"r' &e*'t"r'  '/'!' '/'!' te+' /$tet"k' /$tet"k' #e/e%$k$' #e/e%$k$' r"&' #e$**' ke$/'' '/'!' t'k /'&'t /$r"b'9r"b'. Toe Toe 3otro+ /$&'#'* #ete+' &re '%& #ebe+"% /r$>er, /' $&"t!' /$'%b$+ /'r$ >o+"%e, o"t&"t toe 3otro+ /$ber$k' ke /r$>er. B$'#'!' '%&+$($er $&"t!' /$'%b$+ /'r$ r'*k'$' toe 3otro+ !'k$ &'/' $&"t >o+"%e. Ut"k %e%''%$ 3'r' ker:' toe 3otro+ 'r"# ('' ter'/'& 3'r' ker:' ko%&oe9ko&oe !'* '/' &'/' toe 3otro+ k"#"#!' 3o/e#'tor. Se%'k'$ t$** t$**$$ $+'$ $+'$ ('r'/ ('r'/ 3o/e 3o/e#'t #'tor or %'k' %'k' 'k' 'k' #e'k$ #e'k$ re/' re/' (rek"e (rek"e#$ #$ !'* !'* /'&'t /'&'t %e+e't$!', #eb'+$k!' #e%'k$ ke3$+ $+'$ ('r'/!' 'k' #e%'k$ t$**$ (reke#$ !'* /'&'t %e+e't$!'. Toe 3otro+ !'* &'+$* b'$k '/'+' toe 3otro+ !'* ter/$r$ /'r$ beber' beber'&' &' &e*'t &e*'t"r' "r'. . M$#'+ M$#'+!' !' "rt"k "rt"k #"'r' #"'r' b'## b'## /' treb+e treb+e %'#$* %'#$*9%' 9%'#$ #$* * Kur sus dan Pelatihan Pelatiha n Elektronik Elektro nik Rifton Metro Metro !'* "%  /$$*$k' . %e**"'k' Lembaga  't'" 10 Kursus >'re'b+e re#$#tor #eb'*'$ &e*'t"r '/'9'/'

5oto &e*'t"r '/' '7"'+$er /e*' - 3'e+

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus danMICR$*6$E Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro "& 

M$3ro M$3ro < ke3$+ ke3$+ Poe Poe < #"'r'. #"'r'. M$3ro& M$3ro&oe oe '/'+' '/'+' #"'r' !'* +e%' +e%' 't'" 't'" ke3$+. ke3$+. Ko%&oe Ko%&oe!' !' '/'+' '/'+' %$3 b'$k /!'%$3 't'" 3o/#or. 3o/#or. M$3 ber("*#$ ber("*#$ %er"b' #"'r' %e:'/$ *et'r' +$#tr$k. S$*'+ !'* /$'#$+k' /'r$ %$3 $$ %'#$ #'*' ke3$+ = +e%' #e$**' &er+" /$%o/"+'#$k' ke%b'+$ /' /$k"'tk'. R'*k'$' "t"k %e%o/"+'#$k' /' "t"k %e*"'tk' #$*'+ $t" '/'+' r'*k'$' pra r'*k'$'  pra amp mi". S$!'+ mi". S$!'+ !'* te+' te+' /$k"'tk' o+e r'*k'$' &re '%& %$3 ke%"/$' /eber$k' ker'*k'$' '%&+$($er.

1 1.

2



4

-



,aset2 '/'+' '/'+' '+'t !'* !'* /$/'+' /$/'+'%! %!' ' '/' &!t'. &!t'. D$ &!t' &!t' $t" #"'r' 't'" b"!$ b"!$ ter#$%&'.P!t' %e*'/"* #erb"k %'et. S"'r' !'* ke+"'r /'r$ +o"/ #&e'ker  'k' #e#"'$ /e*' $#$ &!t'!'.

2. Head2 ko%&oe "t"k %er"b' *et'r' %'et %e:'/$ *et'r' +$#tr$k. Get'r' +$#tr$k !'* /$'#$+k' o+e e'/ $$ %'#$ #'*'t ke3$+=+e%' ?%$3ro@ #e$**' &er+" /$k"'tk' ke%b'+$. .

re re amp amp head head22 %er"&' %er"&'k' k' r'*k'$ r'*k'$' ' &re &e*"'t &e*"'t'. '. R'*k' R'*k'$' $' $$ %e%o/"+'#$k' /' %e*"'tk' *et'r' +$#tr$k !'* /$'#$+k' /'r$ e'/ !'* %'#$ #'*'t +e%'. S$*'+ !'* ke+"'r /'r$ &re '%& e'/ $$ :"*' %'#$ ke3$+ #e$**' &er+" '/'!' &e*"'t' +'*$.

TA*E REC$RDER T'&e T'&e /$b'3' t$& %er"&'k' &e#''t e+ektro$k' !'* /'&'t %e$%b"+k' b"!$, %erek'% #"'r' /' %e*'&"# #"'r' /e*' %e**"'k' &!t' 't'" 3'#ette. T'&e re3or/er ter/$r$ /'r$ /"' b'*$', !'$t" b'*$' %ek'$k /' b'*$' e+ektro$k. Mek'$k $$ !'* ber&er' /'+'% &ro#e# ber&"t'r! ber&"t'r!' ' ro/' k'#et. A+'t %ek'$k !'* ber&er' ber&er' %e%"t'rk' ro/' '/'+'< '. Ro/' k'ret &re# e. Ro/' k'ret *e+'* *e+'* b. Ro/' *$*$ k'#et (. Ro/'9ro/' Ro/'9ro/' *$*$ &e*$*$t &e*$*$t 3. Ro/' Ro/' *$+' *$+' *. Per  &er +"'k +"'k /. D$'%o, '/' !'* ko/e!' 5F ?%"t'r k$r$@ /' '/' '/' !'* 55F 55F ?%"t'r k''@ Se/'*k' /'+'% b'*$' e+ektro$k %e%&ro#e# ter:'/$!' b"!$ 't'" #"'r' !'* #'%' /e*' #"'r' /'+'% k'#et. A/' t$*' %'3'% &ro#e# !'* /'&'t /$+'k"k' o+e t'&e $$, !'$t"<  A. Pro#e# P+'! = %e%'$k', !'$t" &ro#e# %e*o&r'#$k' "t"k %e/'&'tk' b"!$ 't'" #"'r' #e#"'$ /e*' &!t' 't'" k'#et!' B. Pro#e# Re3or/$* = %erek'%, !'$t" &ro#e# %e!$%&' *et'r' *et'r' #"'r' /'+'% &!t' 5. Pro#e# Er'#e = %e*'&"#, !'$t" !'$t" &ro#e# %e*'&"# %e*'&"# *et'r' #"'r' #"'r' !'* '/' /'+'% /'+'% k'#et #e$**' &!t' !'* terke' &ro#e# er'#e $$ 'k' %e:'/$ etr'+ ?t$/'k '/' *et'r' #"'r' !'* ter#$%&'@. Get'r' #"'r'!' %e:'/$ ko#o*. A. +lok diagram tape ketika *la:

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro "8

4. *ri'er2 %er"&'k' *ri'er2 %er"&'k' r'*k'$' &e**er'k /' &e*"'t #$*'+ /'r$ &r' '%& e'/ "t"k #e+':"t!' /$ber$k' ke r'*k'$' &oer '%&+$($er. -.

 Lembaga Ku rsus dan Pelati han$' Elektronik Elektro Rifton Metro Met ro "9 $r.. Poer o4er ampli0ier2 ampli0ier 2 Kursus Mer"&' Mer "&'k' k' Pelatihan r'*k' r'*k'$' &e*"' &enik *"'t' t' t$*k' t$ *k't t 'k$r 'k Poer $$ %e*"'tk' #$*'+ /'r$ /r$>er !'* %'#$ ke3$+. S$*'+ !'* ke+"'r /'r$ &oer $$

#"/' 3"k"& be#'r #e$**' #"/' /'&'t /$r"b' %e:'/$ #"'r'. H'#$+ /'r$ &e*"'t /'!' $$ #e+':"t!' /$ber$k' ke +o"/ #&e'ker. .   ou d 6peaker2 %er"b' 6peaker2  %er"b' *et'r' +$#tr$k %e:'/$ #"'r'. S&e'ker $$ %e*e+"'rk' . #"'r' 't'" 't'" b"!$ b"!$ #e#"'$ #e#"'$ /e*' /e*' $#$ k'#et! k'#et!' ' /'+'% &!t'. &!t'.

D'+'% %eer$%' *e+o%b'* r'/$o ter/'&'t beber'&' #$#te% &&eer$%'' !'$t" < 1. S$#te% AM ?A%&+$t"/o %o/"+'#$@ &':'* *e+o%b'* < 4-0  100 KH 2. S$#te% S$#te% SF ?Sort ?Sort F'>e@ F'>e@ &':'* &':'* *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* < 2. 9 24 MH . S$#te% S$#te% )M ?)re7e#$ ?)re7e#$ Mo/"+'#@ Mo/"+'#@ &':'* &':'* *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* <  9 10 MH S$#te% &eer$%'' A%&+$t"/o A%&+$t"/o M"/"+'#$ /$#eb"t :"*' r'/$o #$#te% S"&er Hetero/$e.

A. +lok diagram diagram tape ketika proses proses Recording Recording - merekam merekam

1

2



1. M$3 2. Pre Pre '%& '%& %$3 %$3

4

. Dr$>er Dr$>er 4. He'/ He'/

-

-. 3'#ett 3'#ette e

)re7e#$ r'/$o %e"%&'*k' &'/' (re7e#$ 3'r$er ?&e%b''@ 't'# (re7e#$ '"/$o. D'+'% ke'/'' &e"%&'*' &e"%&'*'  ter#eb"t ter#eb"t (re7e#$ (re7e#$ r'/$o r'/$o 'k' ber"'9r"b ber"'9r"b' ' #e#"'$ #e#"'$ /e*' '$k t"r"!' (re7e#$ #"'r'. A&'b$+' (re7e#$ #"'r' '$k, %'k' (re7e#$ r'/$o 'k' bert'%b' 3e&'t, /' '&'b$+' (re7(re7e#$ #"'r' t"r" %'k' (re7e#$ r'/$o 'k' re/'. Ge+o%b'* '"/$o !'* /$&'3'rk' o+e #t'#$" &e%'3'r /' /$ter$%' o+e &e%b'' &eer$%' %e+'+"$ 'te' '/'+' *e+o%b'* ter%o/"+'#$. Ge+o%b'* ter%o/"+'#$ $$ #e#"'$ /e*' #t'#$" &e%'3'r. D' b'*$' !'* te&'t %e%o/"+'#$ '/'+' >'r3o #eb'*'$ &e%$+$ #$!'+ !'* /$$*$k'.

Blok diagram pesa4at penerima radio +. +lok diagram diagram tape tape ketika proses proses erase - mengapus mengapus isi isi p:ta p:ta

1

2



1. O#3$+'tor O#3$+'tor,, %e%b'*k$t %e%b'*k$tk' k' (re7e#$ (re7e#$ "t"k %e*'&"# %e*'&"# 2. A+'t er'#e, er'#e, ko%&o ko%&oe e "t"k "t"k %e*'&" %e*'&"# # $#$ &!t' &!t' . P!t' P!t' 3'#e 3'#ett tte e O#3$+'tor %e%b'*k$tk' (r7e#$ er'#e "t"k /$ber$k' &'/' '+'t er'#' *"' "t"k &e*'&"#' k'#et #e+':"t!' er'#e %e!et" &!t' /' #eket$k' $t" &!t' ter'&"# $#$!'. P!t' !'* %e*'/"* #erb"k %'et., %'et., :$k' ter#et" /e*' e'/ %'k' e'/ 'k' %er"b' *et'r' %'et !'* '/' /'+'% &$t' $t" %e:'/$ *et'r' +$#tr$k, tet'&$ :$k' ter#et" '+'t er'#e %'k' *et'r' %'et !'* %er"&'k' $#$ #"'r' /'+'% &$t' 'k' $+'*. Pro#e# er'#e $$ #ebe'r!' te+' ter:'/$ ket$k' t'&e /'+'% &ro#e# re3or/er = %erek'%. roses erase dan re"ording: Ket$k' &!t' ber&"t'r /' ter#et" o+e '+'t er'#e, %'k' ket$k' $t" *et'r' %'et %'et ?$#$ #"'r'@ &'/' &!t' $+'* /' #ete+' #ete+' *et'r' %'et!' $+'* /$$#$ ke%b'+$ /e*' %e+'+"$ e'/ !'* %e!et" &!t' /e*' $#$ !'* #e#"'$ /e*' '&' !'* /$k$r$%k' o+e %$3 !'* /$&erk"'t o+e &r' '%& %$3..

R A D I $  Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #0

B+ok /$'*r'% #e%"' #$#te% r'/$o '/'+' #'%', AM=MF, SF /' )M. Perbe/''!' ter+et'k ter+et'k &'/' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' t"$* = t"er t"er 't'" /$#eb"t /$#eb"t :"*' &e'+' !'* ter/$r$ ter/$r$ /'r$ &e'*k'& *e+o%b'%*, %$er /' o#3$+'tor. B+ok /$'*r'% r'/$o

1



2

4

-







!eterangan *l0k diagram  ANTENA B'' B'' 'te' 'te' /'r$ ko/"ktor k''t '%te' '%te' &e3"t ber("*#$ ber("*#$ "t"k "t"k %e'*k' %e'*k'& & *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* e+ektro%'* e+ektro%'*et$k et$k /' %e*"b' %e*"b'!' !' %e:'/$ %e:'/$ +$#tr$k. +$#tr$k. Ate' Ate' #ebe'r!' #ebe'r!' ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ &e*"'t' /'+'% %e'*k'& *e+o%b'* !'* &'3'rk' o+e #t'#$" &e%'3'r  1. PENG PENGUA UAT T Lembaga R) R) Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #

Ber("*#$ Ber("*#$ "t"k %e%&erk"'t %e%&erk"'t te*'*' te*'*' #$!'+ ber%o/"+'#$ ber%o/"+'#$ A%&+$t"/ A%&+$t"/o o Mo/"+'#$. Mo/"+'#$. B''!' ter/$r$ /'r$ 3o$+ /'# b't'* (er$t. 5o$+ %eet"k' *e+o%b'* r'/$o, B't'* (er$t< *"'!' *"'!' "t"k %e%&erk"'t %e%&erk"'t *e+o%b'* ber%o/"+'#$ ber%o/"+'#$ /'r$ 'te' 'te' 2. OS5I OS5ILA LAT TOR  A/'+' #e:e$# 3o$+ !'* ber$t$k' b't'* (er$t !'* k'/'*9k'/'* /$ber$ t'/' t'/' 'r'< Mer' "t"k *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* MF /' /' B$r" "t"k "t"k e+o%b'* SF. SF. R'*k'$' R'*k'$' o#3$+'tor o#3$+'tor ber"*#$ ber"*#$ #eb'*'$ #eb'*'$ &e%b'*k$ &e%b'*k$tt (re7e#$ (re7e#$ t$**$. t$**$. O#3$+'tor O#3$+'tor $$ %e*'#$+k' #$*'+ #$"# /e*' (r7e#$ >'r$'b+e !'* 'k' /$ber$k' &'/' %$er  "t"k "t"k /$3'%&"r /$3'%&"r . Ko%&oe Ko%&oe !'* &'+$* ko%&ete ko%&ete &'/' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' $$ '/'+' '/'+' tr'(o tr'(o o#3$+'tor o#3$+'tor /' 3o/e#'to 3o/e#'tor. r. B$'#'!' "t"k AM=MF AM=MF ber'r' ber'r' %er' %er' /' ""tk ""tk SF ber'r' $t'% 't'" b$r". . M I  E R Ber("*#$ "t"k %e3'%&"r #$!'+ /'r$ b'*$' R(/e*' (rek"e#$ o#3$+'tor. S$!'+ !'* ke+"'r /'r$ b'*$' %$er '/'+' I) = M)  4-- KH /'+'% bet"k *et'r' re/'. M$er %er"&'k' r'*k'$' &e3'%&"r 't'r' (re7e#$ !'* /$b'*$tk' o+e o#3$+'tor  /e*' (re7e#$ !'* /$t'*k'& o+e r'*k'$' &e'*k'&, '#$+ /'r$ 3'%&"r' $$ 'k' %e*'#$+k' %e*'#$+k' (re7e#$ b'r" !'* /$#eb"t (re7e#$ (re7e#$ 't'r' 't'" (re7e#$ (re7e#$ %ee*' ? M) = I) @. De*' /e%$k$' /e%$k$' /'&'t /$ket'"$ b'' b'' #$!'+ !'* ke+"'r /'r$ b'*$' %$er '/'+' (re7e#$ %ee*' ?M)=I)@, SF < 42- KH, MF = AM< 4-KH /' )M < 10, MH. Ko%&oe Ko%&oe !'* b$'#' /$*"'k' /'+'% r'*k'$' r'*k'$' $$ '/'+' Tr'#$#tor, Tr'#$#tor, 3o/e#'tor /' re#$#$tor.

4. MEDIU MEDIUM M )REQ )REQFEN FENSI SI ? M) M) @ S$!'+ !'* /'t'* /'r$ %$er /' o#$+'tor '/'+' #$!'+ #$"# /e*' (rek"e#$ tertet" /$%'' /$%'' *et'r'!' *et'r'!' be+"% 3"k"& = %'#$ %'#$ +e%'. I(or%'#$ I(or%'#$ #"'r' /$ter$%' /$ter$%' +'*$ o+e b'*$' M) "t"k /$&erk"'t /e*' &e*"'t' /"' t$*k't !'$t" M)1 /' M)2. Get'r' Get'r' #$!'+ (rek"e#$ !'* te+' /$&erk"'t $$+' !'* 'k' /$%'#"kk' ke /'+'% /etektor. B'' M) ?I)@ Tr'(o M)1 (er$t!' /$3't k"$*, tr'(o M)2 (er$t!' /$3't &"t$, Tr'(o M) (er$t!' (er$t!' /$3't $t'%. $t'%. R'*k'$' R'*k'$' $$ %er"&'k' %er"&'k' &e*"'t &e*"'t (re7e#$ (re7e#$ %ee*' %ee*' 't'" (re77e#$ 't'r'. S$*'+ S$*'+ !'* /$'#$+k' o+e %$er ?(re7e#$ %ee*'@ %'#$ +e%' #e$**' #e$**' &er+" /$&erk"'t /$&erk"'t +'*$. H'#$+ &e*"'t' &e*"'t'  (re7e#$ (re7e#$ o+e r'*k'$' M) = I) ke%"/$' /$ter"#k' &'/' r'*k'$' /etektor "t"k /$/etek#$, #e$**' :$k' r'*k'$' $$ te+' beker:' k' ter/e*'r #"'r' /e#$# = /e#' &'/' #&e'ker. Pe*"'t' (re7e#$

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #!

%ee*' $$ '/' !'* t$*' t$*k't /' '/' !'* /"' t$*k't. Ko%&oe &'/' r'*k'$' $$ b$'#'!' ter/$r$ /'r$ Tr'(o, tr'#$#tor, re#$#tor /' ko/e#'tor. Tr'(o M) 1 (er$t!' k"$*, tr'(o M) 2 (er$t!' (er$t!' &"t$ /' Tr'(o Tr'(o M)  (er$t!' $t'%.

-. DETEKTOR

 Detektor %er"&'k' b'*$' !'* /'&'t %e%$#'k' *e+o%b'* #"'r' ?'"/$o@ ter'/'& *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* &e%b'' &e%b'' ?3'r$er@ ?3'r$er@ /'r$ t$*k't I) ?M)@ #e$**' #e$**' #$!'+ #$!'+ '* ke+"'r '!' t$**'+ #$!'+ '"/$o. S$!'+ '"/$o $$+' !'* 'k' ke+"'r ke #&e'ker 't'" ke &e*"'t #"'r'. B$'#'!' %e**"'k' #'t" /$o/' /$b't" /e*'  ko/e#'tor /' 2 re#$#tor. Detektor '/'+' r'*k'$' &e%$#'. N'%' +'$ '/'+' /e%o/"+'tor !'$t" %e*e+"'rk' %o/"+'#$. R'*k'$' /etektor ber("*#$ "t"k %e%$#'k' (re7e#$ &e%b'' ?3'r$er@ /e*' (reke#$ #"'r' ?%e*e+"'rk' (re7e#$ #"'r'@. J"*' /'&'t /$k't'k' b'' /etektor ber("*#$ "r"k %e!e+ek#$ 't'" %e%$#'k' (re7e#$ t$**$ /e*' (re7e#$ re/' ?(re7e#$ '"/$o@. Ke%"/$' '#$+ /'r$ &e%$#'' $$ /$ter"#k' ke r'*k'$' '"/$o '%&+$($er "t"k /$k"'tk' t$*k't 'k$r. B$'#'!' r'*k'$' /etektor '/'+' /$o/' kr$#t'+ /$b't" /$b't" /e*' /e*' ko/e#'to ko/e#'torr /' re#$#tor. re#$#tor.D$o/' D$o/' kr$#t'+ ber("*#$ ber("*#$ "t"k %e%$#'k' re7e#$ te**$ /e*' (re7e#$ re/', Ko/e#'tor ber("*#$ "t"k %e!$%&'* %e!$%&'*k' k' ?b'! &'##@ (re7e#$ (re7e#$ t$**$ '*'r t$/'k ke%b'+$ ke%b'+$ ke te%&'t te%&'t #e%"+'. #e%"+'. Re#$#tor Re#$#tor ber("*#$ ber("*#$ "t"k %e*'+'*$ %e*'+'*$ ke (re7e#$ (re7e#$ t$**$ '*'r t$/'k %'#"k %e+'+"$ %e+'+"$ re#$#tor 'k' tet'&$ %e++"$ 3o/e#'tor #$%&'* ?b'! &'##@. R'*k'$' /etektor ber("*#$ "t"k %e!e+ek#$ 't'" %e%$#'k' (rek"e#$ t$**$ /e*' (rek"e#$ re/' ?'"/$o@.

. AUDIO AMPLI)IER &e%$#'' /etektor '*'r /'&'t /$r"b' %e:'/$ #"'r' o+e +o"/ #&e'ker. R'*k'$' R'*k'$' '"/$o '%&+$($er '%&+$($er $$ ter/$r$ ter/$r$ /'r$ r'*k'$' r'*k'$' /r$>er /r$>er /' r'*k'$' &oer. R'*k'$' /r$>er %er"&'k' &e*"'t' (re7e#$ '"/$o /'#" r'*k'$' &oer   Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelati han Elektronik Elektro nikt$*k't Rifton''+ Metro Metro '%&+$($er %er"&'k' &e*"'t' (re7e$ '"/$o t$*k't 'k$r. H'#$+ /'r$ &e*"'t' $t"

/$ter"#k' ke #&e'ker "t"k /$r"b' %e:'/$ #"'r'. R'*k'$' toe 3otro+ b$'#'!' /$+et'kk' #ebe+"% /r$>er #e$**' $&"t '"/$o '%&+$($er ter/'&'t &'/' toe 3otro+ ?>o+"%e@. J$k' r'*k'$' $$ or%'+ %'k' /$#et" &'/' $&"t!' 'k' b"!$ ?/reee/@. R'*k'$' &oer '"/$o '%&+$($er be%'3'%9%'3'% #$#te%!'< !'$t" #$#te% &"# &"++, OTL, OTL, O5L /' Ite*r Ite*r'te 'te/ / 5$r3"$ 5$r3"$t. t. D'+'% D'+'% 3oto 3oto  &oer &oer '%&+$( '%&+$($er $er r'/$o r'/$o AM $$ %e**"k' &oer &"# &"++. a. ri;er ampliier  B'*$' $$ /$#eb"t &e*"'t ''+ '"/$o k're' b'*$' $$+' !'* %"+'9%"+' %e'k"k' &e*"'t'' ter'/'& *et'r' #"'r' /'r$ /etektor. Pe*"'t $$ /$+'k"k' #'t" t$*k't /e*' %e**"'k' %e**"'k' 1 tr'#$#tor  re#$#tor /' 2 ko/e#'tor.  A"/$o '%&+$($er '%&+$($er '/'+' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' #eb'*'$ &e*"'t (re7e#$ (re7e#$ #"'r' '#$+ /'r$ *. &08e ampliier  Poer Poer '%&+$($er '%&+$($er /$#eb"t /$#eb"t &e*"'t 'k$r k're' k're' &'/' &e*"'t' &e*"'t' $$ /$+'k"k' /$+'k"k' o+e tr'#$#tor '* beker:' ber*'t$' /' /'&'t %e%ber$k' '#$+ &e*"'t' !'* 3"k"& be#'r, #e$**' %'%&" %e**et'rk' %e**et'rk' %e%br' +o/ #&e'ker 20 H  20 KH

. SPEA KE KER S&e'ker ter/$r$ /'r$ < a. M'*et tet'& /$%'' k"t"b "t'%'!' ?k"t"b "t'r'@ /$+$*k'r$ o+e k"t"b #e+'t' /' 't'r' ke/"' k"t"b ter/'&'t r"'* "/'r' *. K"%&'r' ?%o>$b* 3o$+@ ber"&' *"+"*' k''t /e' ter+et'k beb'# /$ r"'* "/'r' 't'r' ke/"' k"t"b %'*et c. 5oro* kert'# ber>et"k ker"3"t !'* /$#eb"t %e%br' d. R'*k' /'r$ +o*'%. Uk"r' #&e'ker < a. G'r$# te*' ko"# /$"k"r /e*' $3$, 1  2,-4 3%. D'+'% &r'kte: ter/'&'t "k"r' #&e'ker  4  6 12 /++ *. Te'*' Te'*' +$#tr$k !'* /$b"t"k' #&e'ker /$"k"r /e*' 'tt c. I%&e/e3e #&e'ker /$"k"r /e*' /e*' o%. o%. M$#'+< M$#'+< S&e'ker /e*' "k"r' 12  o% 4 'tt. 'tt. Ber'rt$ Ber'rt$ *'r$# te*' ko"#!' 12 $%&e/e3e!' $%&e/e3e!'  o% /' te'*'!' te'*'!' 4 'tt.. I%&e/e3e I%&e/e3e '/'+' &er&'/"' &er&'/"' /'r$ &er"b'' &er"b'' D5 /' &er"b''b A5

o+e te+$*' %'"#$' !'$t" 't'r' 20 K  20 KH. B'*$' $$ #eb'*'$ &eet" 'k$r  /'+'% &ro#e# &eer$%'' &e#''t r'/$o. Lo"/ #&e'ker %er"b' (re7e#$ #"'r' '#$+ &e*"'t' '"/$o '%&+$($er%e:'/$ '%&+$($er%e:'/$ #"'r'. Be#'r ke3$+!' $+'$ #&e'ker /$#e#"'$k' /e*' kek"'t' &o er '%&+$($er!'.

. 5ATU DA8A 5't" /'!' %er"&'k' %er"&'k' #"%ber 'r"# +$#tr$k +$#tr$k D5 "t"k "t"k /$#'+"rk' /$#'+"rk' ke#e+"r" ke#e+"r" r'*k'$' r'*k'$' &e#''t &eer$%' r'/$o. 5't" /'!' /'&'t /$*"'k' '/'&tor, '33", b'ter! , #o+'r #e+ .. Be#'r ke3$+!' te*'*' /$#e#"'$k' /e*' te*'*' !'* /$b"t"k' o+e %'#$*9 %'#$* r'*k'$' r'/$o. R'*k'$' R'/$o AM = SF #e3'r' ke#e+"r"'

5'r' ker:' #&e'ker $$ '/'+' B$+' &'/' k"%&'r' #&e'ker /$%'#"kk' *et'r' A) 'k' %eerb$tk %eerb$tk' ' k"'t +'&'* %'*$t %'*$t /$%'' /$%'' k"t"b k"t"b ber&$/'9& ber&$/'9&$/' $/'te%& te%&'t 't k"%&'r' k"%&'r' #&e'ker !'* /$+'+"$ *et'r' *et'r' A) %eerb$tk' %eerb$tk' k"'t +'&'* ber"b'9r"b' ber"b'9r"b' ?k"t"b!' ber&$/'9&$/'@ .

 Lembaga'/'+' Kursus Kur sus%e*"b' dan Pelatihan Pelatiha n Elektronik Elektro nik Me tro ##*et'r' #"'r' )"*#$ )"*#$ +o"/ #&e'ker '/'+ ' %e* "b' *et'r' +$#tr$k +$#t r$k Rifton #"'r'Metro %e:'/$ ?'"/$o@. Get'r' +$#tr$k #"'r' !'* te+' /$#e#"'$k' $%&e/e#$!' o+e tr'(o OT /e*' +o/ #&e'ker, o+e o+e #&e'ker /$"b' %e:'/$ *et'r' *et'r' #"'r' /e*' (rek"'#$ ter/e*'r 

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #$

*. Mer'k$t &e#''t %oo berbe/' /e*' /e*' #tereo. Perbe/'

&esa8at  ang m0n0 )ana )ana memiliki memiliki satu sinal atau satu jalur, jalur, sedangka sedangkaian ian  pesa8at stere0 memiliki pulsa d0u*el dan jalurnapun d0u*el, misalna  jalur " 6"ig)t jalur jalur kanan, jalur jalur $ 6$et  jalur jalur kiri, #nput dari jalur jalur " )ana akan keluar keluar melalui rangkaia rangkaian n ", sedangka sedangkan n input dari jalur $ )ana akan keluar dari rangkaian $ . !emudian untuk meneim*angkan atau mengecilk mengecilkan an sala) sala) satu dari rangkaia rangkaian n $" itu digunaka digunakan n BA$AN'%  BA$AN'%  *erupa ".

ASSEM+LI3 Mer'k$t '/' /"' %'3'% !'$t" %er'k$t r'*k'$' /' %er'k$t ko%&oe. Mer'k$t r'*k'$' '/'+' %e*"b"*k' ko%o&oe !'* #'t" /e*' !'* +'$!' #e$**' %e:'/$ #"'t" r'*k'$'. Mer'k$t &e#''t '/'+' %e*"b"*k' 't'r #'t" r'*k'$' /e*' r'*k'$'!' !'* +'$ #"$**' %e:'/$ #"'t" &e#''t !'* /'&'t /$$k%'t$. Mer'k$t #"'t" '+ !'* #'*'t %e'r$k k're' %er"&'k' '#$+ /'r$ k'r!'!' #e$**' '#$+!'&" 'k' %e%"'#k' /$r$!'. Mer'k$t Mer'k$t #"'t" '+ !'* #'*'t #'*'t %"/', %"/', #eb'b #eb'b !'* &er+" /$ket'" /$ket'"$$ t$/'k+' t$/'k+' b'!'k /' #'*'t #e/er''. H'+9'+ !'* 'r"# /$(''%$ "t"k ke&er+"' /'+'% &er'k$t' < '. b. 3. /. e. (.

Set$'& Set$'& r'*k'$' r'*k'$' %e%&"!' %e%&"!'$$ $&"t /' o"t&"t o"t&"t O"t&"t /'r$ /'r$ r'*k'$' r'*k'$' %e/'&'tk' %e/'&'tk' $&"t r'*k'$' r'*k'$' ber$k"t!' Set$'& Set$'& r'*k'$' r'*k'$' %e%er+"k' %e%er+"k'  te*'*' te*'*' B /' *ro"/ *ro"/ )''% )''% ter'/'& ter'/'& "r"t'9"r" "r"t'9"r"t' t' r'*k'$' r'*k'$'  Be#'r Be#'r ke3$+ ke3$+!' !' te*'* te*'*' ' /'r$ /'r$ #"%ber #"%ber te*' te*'*' *' /$#e# /$#e#"'$ "'$k' k'/e /e*' *'  ke&er+"' /'r$ %'#$*9%'#$* r'*k'$' Mer'k$t r'*k'$' r'*k'$' 't'" &e#''t &e#''t !'* !'* +'! o"t o"t P5B 't'" 't'" r'*k'$'!' r'*k'$'!' /'r$ /'r$ &'#'r' #"/' /$ber$ t'/' ?/$t"+$#$@ &'/' te%&'t %'#"k!' $&"t, o"t&"t, B /' *ro"/!'

0RE;UEC7 )re7e#$ )re7e#$ '/'+' '/'+' *et'r' *et'r' +$#tr$k +$#tr$k ?'3@ 't'" *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* 't'" #$*'+. S't"' (re7e#$ (re7e#$ '/'+' H = 3$3+e. S't" *e+o%b'*=(re7e#$ *e+o%b'*=(re7e#$  1 H. 1 KH  1000 H 1MH  1.000.000 1.000.000 H  1000 KH 7elombang audio ?*e+o%b'* ?*e+o%b'* b"!$@ '/'+' *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* !'* /'&'t /$/e*'r o+e %'"#$' (rek"e#$!' '/'+' 20H  20 KH. Ge+o%b'* '"/$o $$ /$#eb"t *e+o%b'* b"%$. b"%$. S'+' S'+' #'t" #'t" #$('t #$('t *e+o%b *e+o%b'* '* b"%$ b"%$ '/'+' '/'+' %e%b"t %e%b"t"k "k' ' %e/$" %e/$"% % "t"k "t"k &er'%b't'!' #e$**' %"/' %ere/'% 't'" /$#er'& o+e +'&$#' b"%$ /' '!' /'&'t %e3'&'$ :'*k'"' :'*k'"' !'* re+'t$( re+'t$( &e/ek. &e/ek. Ut"k %e*$r$%k' %e*$r$%k' $(or%'#$ $(or%'#$ /'+'%  :'*'k'"' !'* :'" /$b"t"k' *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* !'*'%&$r t$/'k %ere/'%. S$('t /e%$k$'

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #&   Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #% 

/$%$+$k$ /$%$+$k$ o+e *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* e+ektro%'* e+ektro%'*et$k et$k !'* /$'#$+k' /$'#$+k' b$+' e+ektro e+ektro %e*'+'% %e*'+'%$$ &er"b'' eer*$. 7elombang radio '/'+' '/'+' *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* e+ektro%'*et e+ektro%'*et$k $k !'* /$*"'k' /$*"'k' #eb'*'$ #eb'*'$ '+'t ko%"$k'#$, *e+o%b'* r'/$o %e%$+$k$ (rek"e#$ 104 H 1012. Ge+o%b'* r'/$o '%&$r  t$/'k /$#er'& o+e +'&$#' b"%$ #e$**' %e3'&'$ :'r'k !'* :'". Ket$k' *e+o%'b* r'/$o %e"%&'*k' &'/' *e+o%'b* r'/$o ter:'/$ &ro#e# *e+o%b'* ter%o/"+'#$. Ge+o%b' Ge+o%b'* * ter%o/"+' ter%o/"+'#$ #$ '/'+' '/'+' &'/' #''t *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* '"/$o %e"%&' %e"%&'*k' *k' &'/' *e+o%b'* r'/$o. Pe3'%&"r' 't'r' *e+o%b'* '"/$o /' *e+o%b'* r'/$o /$#eb"t 3'rr$er 3'rr$er 't'" /$#eb"t *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* &e%b''. Ge+o%b'* Ge+o%b'* &e%b'' &e%b'' ber:'+' ber:'+' /$ "/'r' "/'r' be#'# &'/' $oo#($r !'* '/' &'/' +'&$#' "/'r' *e+o%b'* r'/$o %er'%b't /$ "/'r' &'/' *e+o%b'* r'/$o $oo#($r !'* /$#eb"t eter ?te%&'t ber:'+' (rek"e#$@. Ke3e&'t' #"'r' /'+'% %er'%b't %er'%b't -0 % = /et$k #e/'*k' ke3e&'t' (rek"e#$ r'/$o 00.000.000 % = /et$k. D$b'' D$b'' $$ %er"&'k' %er"&'k' (rek"e#$9(re (rek"e#$9(rek"'# k"'#$$ !'* ter/e*'r ter/e*'r /' t$/'k t$/'k ter/e*'r ter/e*'r,, ,, %e%'3'r /' t$/'k %e%'3'r< 1 ?L)@, ?L)@, )re7e )re7e#$ #$ re/', re/', 0  20000 H, Ter/e Ter/e*' *'r, r, t$/'k t$/'k %e%'3' %e%'3'r, r, (re7 (re7e# e#$$ '"/$o = (re7e#$ #"'r' 2. Me/$"% )re7e#$ ?M)@, ?M)@, )re7e#$ %ee*', %ee*', 20000  -00000 H, t'k ter/e*'r, ter/e*'r, %e%'3'r  1. H$* )re7e#$ )re7e#$ ?H)@, ?H)@, )re7e#$ )re7e#$ t$**$, t$**$, -00.000  0.000.000 0.000.000 H, t$/'k t$/'k /'&'t /$ /e*'r, %e%'3'r, %e%'3'r, (re7e#$ r'/$o = &e%'3'r r'/$o 2. ;er! ;er! H$* )re7e#$ )re7e#$ ?;H)@, )re7e#$ )re7e#$ #'*'t t$**$, t$**$, t$/'k ter/e*'r ter/e*'r,, %e%'3'r, %e%'3'r, &e%'3'r te+e>$#$ . U+tr' H$* H$* )re7e#$ )re7e#$ ?UH)@, ?UH)@, )re7e#$ )re7e#$ "+tr' t$**$ t$**$,, -00 MH  1000 MH, t$/'k t$/'k ter/e*'r, %e%'3'r, &e%'3'r$ te+e>$#$ 4. Etr' Etr' H$* )re7e#$ )re7e#$ ?EH)@, ?EH)@, )re7e#$ )re7e#$ ek#tr' t$**$, t$**$, t'k ter/e*'r ter/e*'r,, %e%'3'r, %e%'3'r, &e%'3'r #'te+$t =re>8ensi "adi0 ? MF = AM ?Mo/"+'#$ F'>e=A%&+$t"/o Mo/"+'#$ < -00 KH  100 KH SF1 ?Sort F'>e@ < 2 MH   MH S2 ?Sort F'>e@ C  MH  1 MH SF ?Sort F'>e@ < 1 MH  0 MH )M ?)re7e#$ Mo/"+'#$@ <  MH  10 MH

'. b. 3. /.

H"b"*' H"b"*' 't'r' (re7e# (re7e#$$ /' &o+' &e%'3'r &e%'3'r /$k'$tk' /$k'$tk' /e*' 't%o#($r 't%o#($r b"%$ Pe%'3 Pe%'3'r 'r AM, ter&' ter&'t" t"++ o+e 't%o#($ 't%o#($rr ke b"%$, /'!' /'!' &'3'r &'3'r!' !' k$r'9k k$r'9k$r' $r' 100 K%, K%, , ter&e*'r" /e*' 3"'3' SF1, ter&'t"+ ter&'t"+ o+e 't%o#($r 't%o#($r ke b"%$, /'!' &'3'r!' &'3'r!' k$r'9k$r k$r'9k$r' ' 1000 K%, ter&e*'r" ter&e*'r" /e*' 3"'3' SF2, ter&e ter&et"+ t"+ o+e 't%o#($r 't%o#($r ke b"%$, b"%$, /'!' &'3'r! &'3'r!' ' k$r'9k k$r'9k$r' $r' -.000 -.000 K%  10.000 10.000 K%, ter&e*'r" /e*' 3"'3'

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #8

e.

Pe%'3'r Pe%'3'r )M, t$/'k ter&'t ter&'t"+ "+ 't%o#($r 't%o#($r ke b"%$, b"%$, /'!' /'!' &'3'r!' &'3'r!' t$/'k t$/'k be*$t" :'", :'", t$/'k t$/'k ter&e*'r" o+e 3"'3'. )re7e#$ )M ter%'#"k (re7e#$ T; UH). UH). ;H), UH; /' EH) /'!' &'3'r!' t$/'k be*$t" :'". S"&'!' /'!' &'3'r!' /'&'t :'" 'r"# /$&'#'* #'te+$t Seb'*'$ &e%'t"+ &e%'t"+ b"'t'. D' /$ b"%$&" /$&'#'* /$&'#'* +'*$ &e%'3'r re+'! re+'! 't'" &e%'3'r  &e%'3'r  #'%b"*'

*EMACAR 0 M Ko%"$k'#$ &'/' /'#'r!' '/'+' &ert"k'r' $(or%'#$ 't'r' /"' te%&'t !'* ber:'"'. S$!'+ #"'r' &'/' /'#'r!' t$/'k /'&'t +'*#"* /$&'3'rk' k're' #$!'+ #"'r' b"k' *e+o%b'* e+ektro%'et$k. J$k' #$!'+ #"'r' /$r"b' %e:'/$ *e+o%b'* e+ektro%' e+ektro%'$t$k $t$k #ek'+$&" %'k' ber'&' ber'&' &':'* &':'* 'te' 'te' !'*/$b"t" !'*/$b"t"k'. k'. Ut"k /'&'t /'&'t %e*$r$%k' #$!'+ #"'r' !'* +eb$ %"/' %'k' %'k' #$!'+ #"'r' ter#eb"t ter+eb$ /'"+" /$t"%&'*k' /e*' #$!'+ r'/$o /e*' (rek"e#$ !'* +eb$ t$**$ /'r$ #$!'+ #"'r'. Meto/' "t"k %e"%&'*k' #$!'+ #"'r' &'/' #$!'+ r'/$o /$#eb"t %o/"+'#$. Mo/"+'#$ !'* #er$* &'k'$ '/'+' Mo/"+'#$ A%&+$t"/o ?AM C '%&+$t"/o '%&+$t"/o %o/"+'t$o%@, %o/"+'#$ %o/"+'#$ (rek"e#$ ?)M C )rk"e3! Mo/"+'t$o@ /' %o/"+'#$ P'#'? PM < P'#e M o/"+'t$o@ Mo/"+'#$ +'$' '/'+' ko%b$'#$ /'r$ ket$*' %eto/e %o/"+'#$ $$. S$#tr% &e%'3'r #e3'r' "%"% ter/$r$ /'r$ < S"%ber #"'r' !'* /'&'t /$*"'k' '/'+' ber%'3'%9%'3'%, M$#'+< T'&e, T'&e, 5D &+'!er, MP &+'!er, %$3ro&oe b'k' r'/$o&" /'&'t /$*"'k'. Se*'+' :e$# 3't" /'!'&" /'&'t /$&'k'$ /'+'% #$#te% &e%'3'r )M '#'+k' /'&'t %e*'#$+k' te*'*' !'* #e#"'$ /' 'r"# !'* 3"k"&. B'*'$' !'* &et$* /'+'% #$#te% &e%'3'r $$ '/'+' 'te', #'+"r' tr'#%$#$ /' &e%'3'r' $t" #e/$r$. Pe%'3'r )M #e3'r' "%"% ter/$r$ /'r$ b+ok9b+ok b'*$'

Sumber suara 1Tape - CD Micropone pla:er!

* e m a n c a r 

S"%ber #"'r' !'* /'&'t /$*"'k' '/'+' ber%'3'%9%'3'%, M$#'+< T'&e, T'&e, 5D &+'!er, MP &+'!er, %$3ro&oe b'k' r'/$o&" /'&'t /$*"'k'. Se*'+' :e$# 3't" /'!'&" /'&'t /$&'k'$ /'+'% #$#te% &e%'3'r )M '#'+k' /'&'t %e*'#$+k' te*'*' !'* #e#"'$ /' 'r"# !'* 3"k"&. B'*'$' !'* &et$* /'+'% #$#te% &e%'3'r $$ '/'+' 'te', #'+"r' tr'#%$#$ /' &e%'3'r' $t" #e/$r$. Pe%'3'r )M #e3'r' "%"% ter/$r$ /'r$ b+ok9b+ok b'*$'

Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro #9

$SILAT$R

+U0ER

0IAL

CATU DA7A

B$'#'!' B$'#'!' &e!'**' &e!'**' ter/$r$ /'r$ #'t" 't'" /"' t$*k't &e*"'t tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor !'* /$b$'# #eb'*'$ ke+'# A. De*' &e*"'t ke+'# A 'k' /$/'&'tk' &e*"'t' +$$'r$t'# !'* t$**$, t$**$, %e#k$&" %e#k$&" /e%$k$' /e%$k$' &e*"'t ke+'# A %e%$+$k$ %e%$+$k$ e($#$e#$ !'* &'+$* &'+$* re/' re/' /$b'/$*k' /e*' ke+'# +'$. O#$+'tor !'* /$+e*k'&$ /e*' b"(er b$'#'!' /$#eb"t #eb'*'$ #eb'*'$ e3$ter. e3$ter. D' e3$ter e3$ter #be'r!' #be'r!' #"/' /'&'t /$&'k'$ #eb'*'$ &e%'3'r &e%'3'r )M /e*' /'!' !'* re+'t$( ke3$+.

)INAL )$'+ /$#eb"t :"*' &e*"'t /'!' 't'" &oer.  S$!'+ !'* /$/'&'t /'r$ e3$ter %'#$ #'*'t +e%'. Ut"k %e/'&'tk' #$!'+ !'* +eb$ be#'r /$b"t"k' /$b"t"k' &e*"'t /'!' /'!' (rek"e#$ r'/$o't'" r'/$o't'" ($'+ . P'r'%eter9&'r'%eter  P'r'%eter9&'r'%eter  !'* &er+" /$&er't$k' &'/' &e*"'t /'!' (rek"e#$ r'/$o '/'+'<

OSILATOR It$ /'r$ #eb"' &e%'3'r '/'+' o#$+'tor. Ut"k /'&'t %e%b'*" #$#te% ko%"$k'#$ '* b'$k 'r"# /$%"+'$ /e*' o#$+'tor !'* /'&'t beker:' #e%&"r%', P'/' #$#te% ko%"$k'#$, o#$+'tor %e*'#$+k' #$'+ #$"# !'* /$&'k'$ #eb'*'$ #$!'+ &e%b''. S$!'+ $(or%'#$ ke%"/$' /$t"%&'*k' &'/' #$!'+ &e%b'' /e*' &ro#e# %o/"+'#$. O#$+'tor /e*' (rek"e#$ !'* b$#' /$r"b' ter#eb"t ('r$'b+e (re7"e3! o#3$+'tor ?;)O@. ;)O %e%&"!'$ ke+eb$' &'/' /e>$'#e (rek"e#$!' (rek"e#$!' !'* +eb'r. Ut"k %e*'#$+k' %e*'#$+k' (rek"e#$  MH  10 MH /'&'t /'k'$ ;)O.K're' &'/' ;)O /$&'k'$ $/"ktor /' k'&'#$tor #eb'*'$ &e%b't" (rek"e#$ %'k' ke#et'b$+' ;)O #'*'t ter*'t"* /'r$ ke#et'b$+' $+'$ $/"ktor /' k'&'#$tor. Ko%&oe &'/' ;)O !'* %"/' ter&e*'r" o+e o+e #"" #"" %e!eb %e!eb'bk 'bk' ' ;)O ;)O %e%&" %e%&"!' !'$$ ke#t'b ke#t'b$+' $+'  !'* !'* re/' re/'.. ;)O ;)O !'* !'* (rk"e#$!' b$#' ber"b' k're' /$ber$ te*'*' te*'*' tertet" &'/' $&"t!' /$#eb"t #eb'*'$ ;5O ?;o+t'*e ?;o+t'*e 5otro+e/ O#3$+'tor@. )5O &'+$* b'!'k /$&'k'$ /$&'k'$ /'+'% r'*k'$' o#$+'tor  )M k're' #$!'+ #"'r' +'*#"* /'&'t /$%'#"kk' &'/' $&"t ;5O. BU)ER = PEN8ANGGA Se%"' Se%"' :e$# o#$+'tor %e%b"r"k' %e%b"r"k' b"(er 't'" &e!'**'. &e!'**'. B"(er ber("*#$ ber("*#$ "t"k %e#t'b$+k' (rek"e#$ (rek"e#$ '%&+$t"/o o#$+'tor 'k$b't /'r$ /'r$ &e%beb'' t$*'kt #ek+':"t!'. #ek+':"t!'.

a.Band 8idt) dan akt0r k8alitas T$'& T$'& k''+ /'r$ &e%'3'r &e%'3'r )M #tereo #tereo %e%b"t"k %e%b"t"k' ' b'/$/t b'/$/t - KH. Se/'*k' Se/'*k' b'/$/t (rek"e#$ ker:' r'/$o )M '/'+' 20MH. )rek"e#$ ker:' /'r$ r'*k'$' ?(@ /$b'/$*k' /e*' b'/$/t!' b'/$/t!' ?B@ /'&'t /$!'t'k' /e*' ('ktor k"'+$t'# k"'+$t'# ?Q@. Q  ( = B. R'*k'$' &e*"'t /e*' ('ktor k'+$t'# !'* #'*'t t$**$ #"+$t #ek'+$ /$b"'t /' r'*k'$' 3e/er"* ber$#o+'#$. 5oto /'r$ &e*"'t &e*"'t /e*' ('ktor k'+$t'# k'+$t'# t$**$ /' %e%'* %e%'* /$/e#'$' /$/e#'$' '*'r ber$#o+'#$ ber$#o+'#$ '/'+' o#$+'tor. o#$+'tor. B$'#'!' B$'#'!' &eet"' &eet"' ('ktor  ('ktor  k"'+$t'# k"'+$t'# &e*"'t &e*"'t /$/'&'tk' /$/'&'tk'  /'r$ (rek"'#$ (rek"'#$ te*' te*' /'r$ (rek"e#$ (rek"e#$ ker:' /$b'/$*k' /$b'/$*k' /e*' b'/$/t. Seb'*'$ Seb'*'$ 3oto /$$*$k' &e*"'t !'* beker:' &'/' &'/' (rek"e#$ MH #/. 10MH. 10MH. Ber'rt$ Ber'rt$ (rek"e#$ (rek"e#$ te*'!' te*'!' '/'+' 100MH. 100MH. Se/'*k' Se/'*k' b'/$/t b'/$/t!' !' '/'+' 20MH. 20MH. De*' De*' /e%$k$' /e%$k$' /$b"t"k' /$b"t"k' &e*"'t /e*' ('kor  k"'+$t'#. De*' ('ktor k"'+$t'# k"'+$t'# !'* %'k$ re/' %e%'* 'k' /$/'&'tk' ke+"'r' !'* +eb$ ke3$+. Tet'&$ Tet'&$ 'k' /$/'&'tk' ke%"/$' &'/' &e'+''. *. &enguatan tiap tingkat dan daa input 0utput tiap tingkat. Tr'#$#tor /e*' /'!' ke+"'r' be#'r b$'#'!' %e%b"t"k' /'!' %'#"k' !'* +eb$ be#'r &"+'. O+ek're' $t" $t" &e*"'t /e*' /'!' ke+"'r' ke+"'r' be#'r b$'#'!' /$b"'t beber'&' beber'&' t$*k't '*'r /$/'&'tk' /$/'&'tk' /'!' !'* 3"k"& "t"k %e**er'k %e**er'kk' k' tr'#$#tor  tr'#$#tor  t$*k't t$*k't 'k$r. 'k$r. T$'& T$'& tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor %e%&"!'$ %e%&"!'$ &e*"'t' &e*"'t'.. Ut"k tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor /e*' /e*' /'!' ke+"'r' ke+"'r' !'* ke3$+ b$'#'!' b$'#'!' %e%&"!' %e%&"!'$$ &e*"'t' &e*"'t' !'* be#'r. be#'r. Seb'+$k! Seb'+$k!' ' "t"k tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor /e*' /'!' ke+"'r' ke+"'r' !'* be#'r &e*"'t'!' &e*"'t'!' :"#tr" %e*e3$+. %e*e3$+. De*' /e%$k$' /e%$k$' /'&'t /$#$%&"+' /$#$%&"+' b'' &e*"'t' /'!' ke+"r' ke+"r' '/'+' '/'+' '+ !'* #'+$* berto+'k be+'k'* c. #mpedensi input dan 0utput tiap tingkat  P'/' &e*"'t /'!' (rek"e#$ r'/$o $%&e/e#$ #"%ber /' $%&ee#$ beb' t$'& t$*k't 'r"# #'%'. De*' #e%$k$' t$'& /'!' !'* /$'#$+k' /$'#$+k' o+e #"%ber 'k' /$#er'& /$#er'& #e+"r"!' #e+"r"!' o+e beb' ?ter:'/$ ?ter:'/$ tr'#(er tr'#(er /'!' %'k#$%'+@. %'k#$%'+@. Ke'/'' Ke'/'' ter:'/$ ter:'/$ /$%'' /$%'' ke#'%'' $%&e/e#$ /$'%'k' ke'/'' %'t3. J$k' $%&e/e#$ !'* '/' be+"% #'%' %'k' $%&e/e#$ ter#eb"t 'r"# /$#'%'k' /e*' %'t3$*.

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro $

d. $inieritas dan eisiensi  L$$er$t'# /' $($#$e#$ '/'+' '+ !'* berto+'k be+'k'*. De*' +$$er$t'# &e*"'t !'* t$**$ 'k' /$/'&'tk' e($e#$ !'* reb/', /' /e*' +$$er$'t'# &e*"'t !'* re/' 'k' /$/'&'tk' e($#$e#$ !'* t$**$. P'/' &e%'3'r )M, +$$er$t'# /' #$!'+ t$/'k be*$t" be*$t" ber&e*'r" ber&e*'r"  k're' k're' $(or%'#$ $(or%'#$ /'r$ #$!'+ #$!'+ )M '/' (rek"e#$!'. (rek"e#$!'. L'$ '+!' '+!' /e*' &e%'3'r AM !'* %e%%er+"k' +$$er$t'# #$!'+ !'* t$**$ k're' $(or%'#$ /'r$ #$!'+ AM ter+et'k &'/' '%&+$t"/o!'. Ut"k &e%'3'r )M &e*"'t' tr'#$#tor  !'* /$b$'# #eb'*'$ ke+'# 5b$#' %e:'/$ &$+$'. P'/' ke+'# 5 tr'#$#tor t$/'k /$b$'# #'%' #ek'+$ #e$**' tr'#$#tor tr'#$#tor 'k' %e*'t'r %e*'t'r '!' &'/' #''t '/' #ete*' *e+o%b'* &o#$t$( &'/' b'#$#!' ?NPN@. F'+'"&" /e%$k$' ke+"'r' ke+'# 5 %'#$ /'&'t %e*'#$+k' *e+o%b'* #$"# !'* "t" k're' '/'!' $/"ktor &'/' ko+ektor  'k' %e*'#$+k' #ete*' *e+o%b'*.

ATEA  Ate' '/'+' b'*'$' !'* &'+$* &et$* /'r$ #$#t$% &e%'3'r. Ate' ber("*#$$ #eb'*'$ '+'t !'* %er'/$'#$k' *e+o%b'* r'/$o. Seb'*'$ b'*$' /'r$ #$#t$% &eer$%' 'te' 'te' ber("*#$ ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ b'*$' !'* /'&'t %e'*k'& %e'*k'& r'/$'#$ *e+o%b'* r'/$o. Pe%'3'r !'* $/e'+ 'k' %er'/$'#$k' *e+o%b'* r'/$o ke #e*'+' 'r'. Ate' !'* $/e'+ /$#eb"t #eb'*'$ 'te' 'te' $#otro&$#. $#otro&$#. Seb'*'$ *'%b'r', *'%b'r', :$k' 'te' $#otro&$# $#otro&$# /$+et'kk' &'/' t$t$k &"#'t /'r$ &'r' bo+' %'k' 'te' $#otro&$# 'k' %e*$#$ #e%"' r"'* r"'* !'* !'* '/' &'/' &'/' bo+' bo+' ter#eb ter#eb"t "t /e*' /e*' r'/$'# r'/$'#$$ *e+o%b *e+o%b'* '* r'/$o. r'/$o. Beber' Beber'&' &' &'r'%eter9&'r'%eter &'r'%eter9&'r'%eter 'te' '/'+' < a. olaritas Po+'r$t'# Po+'r$t'# /obe/'k' /obe/'k' %e:'/$ %e:'/$ &o+'r$t'# &o+'r$t'# >ert$k'+ >ert$k'+ /' or$ot'+ or$ot'+.. Seb'*'$ Seb'*'$ *'%b'r' *'%b'r' #e/er''C #eb"' 'te' /$+et'kk' %e%&"!'$ &o+'r$t'# >ert$k'+ :$k' 'te' ter#eb"t ter#eb"t /$+et'kk' /$+et'kk' &'/' &o#$#$ &o#$#$ >ert$k'+ >ert$k'+ ter'/'& ter'/'& b"%$. Ate' Ate' &'/' &o+'r$t'# &o+'r$t'# >ert$k'+ >ert$k'+ 'k' %e*'#$+' %e*'#$+'k' k' *e+o%b'* *e+o%b'* r'/$o /e*' &o+'r$t'# &o+'r$t'# >ert$k'+ >ert$k'+ :"*'. :"*'. Ut"k Ut"k %e'*k'& %e'*k'& *e+o%b'* r'/$o /e*' &o+'r$t'# >ert$k'+ &'/' &eer$%' r'/$o :"*' /$b"t"k' 'te' /e*' &o+'r$t'# !'* #'%'. b. enguatan Antena  Ate' '/'+' ko%&oe !'* &'#$(. Se3'r' 'r($' 'te' t$/'k %"*k$ %e*"'tk' #$!'+ !'* /$ber$k' ke&'/'!'. Pe*"'t' &'/' 'te' #ebe'r!' '/'+' #eber'&' b'!'k 'te' ter#eb"t %er'/$'#$k' *e+o%b'* r'/$o ke 'r' !'* /$$*$k'. Seb'*'$ re(ere#$ /$&'k'$ 'te' $#otro&$ 0 /B c. &engara)an  Ate' /$be/'k' %e:'/$ o%$/$re3t$o'+ ?#e*'+' 'r'@ /' B$/$re3t$o ?/"' 'r'@.  Ate' O%$/$re3t$o'+ /'&'t /$k't'k' %er'/$'#$k' *e+o%b'* r'/$o !'* #'%' k"'t ke #e*'+' 'r'.

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan  Elektronik Rifton Rifton Metro ?2atu +aya ?Ampli1ier ?Radi ?Tape ?Pemancar ?Tele'isi ?-2+ @ +-+ ?!nitr Kmputer Kmputer ?Peralatan Rumah Rumah Tangga Tangga

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro $!

 Ate' ber("*#$ #eb'*'$ &e*"'t &e%'3'r' 't'" &eer$%'' *e+o%b'* e+ektro%'et$k. J'" /ek't!' &e%'3'r' /'&'t /$tet"k' :"*' /'r$ %"t" &e%'3'r  /' t$**$ re/'!' re/'!' 'te' 'te' #e+'$ k'+$t'# k'+$t'# &e#''t!'. &e#''t!'. Ate' Ate' /$b"'t /'r$ b'' '+%"$"% 't'" k''t te%b'*', 't'r' !'* #'t" /e*' !'* +'$' t$/'k ber#et"' /' '!' %ee%&e+ %ee%&e+ &'/' $#o+'tor $#o+'tor.. K'be+ K'be+ !'* /$*"'k' /$*"'k' "t"k %e*"b" %e*"b"*k' *k' 't'r' 't'r' &e#''t &e%'3'r &e%'3'r /e*' 'te' 'te' '/'+' k'be+ 3o3'$+. 3o3'$+. P':'* P':'* 'te' 'te' /$tet"k' o+e +'%/' ? @. L'%/' '/'+' &':'* *e+o%b'* 't'" ke3e&'t' 3''!'. 1 +'%/'  00 3%. K"#"# "t"k %'3'% %'3'% 'te' !'*$< b'*$' be+'k'* /$#eb"t /$#eb"t re(+ektor ?&e%'t"+@ /' b'*$' /e&' /$#eb"t /erektor ?&e*'r'@. Ut"k%eer$%' /' %e*$r$% #eb'$k!' /'r$ 'r' /e&'. Ate' !'* &'+$* /$*"'k' "t"k ko%"$k'#$ /"' 'r' /' %e%$+$k$ e(ekt$($t'# e(ekt$($t'# ker:' %e/ek't$ #e%&"r' #e%&"r' '/'+' e$# 'te' !'*$.  Ate' :e$# !'*$ /$*"'k' "t"k &eer$%'' #$'r' )M /' &e%'3'r' #$'r' )M !'* %e%$+$k$ b'/ (rek"e#$  MH  10 MH.

I#$te*'

  INER  GAMMA MAT5H

A+%"$"%

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro $#

Pe3'r$' 't'" &e*"r"t' r'*k'$' #'*'t &et$* /'+'% %e%''%$ /' %ee%"k' #et$'& b+ok r'*k'$' #e$**' 'k' %e*et'"$ b't'#' b't'#' b+ok9b+ok /'r$ #et$'& r'*k'$'. D'+'% t$t$k &e*"r"t' '/' 4 !'* #'*'t &et$* "t"k /$kete%"k' /' /$(''%$, !'k$< 1. Te*'* Te*'*', ', %er"&'k' %er"&'k'  'r"# "t"k "t"k %e*$/"&k' %e*$/"&k'  r'*k'$' r'*k'$' 2. Gro"/, Gro"/, %er"&'k' %er"&'k' 'r"# 'r"# "t"k %e*$/" %e*$/"&k' &k' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' . O"t&"t, O"t&"t, %er"&'k %er"&'k' ' te%&'t te%&'t ke+"'r!' ke+"'r!' r'*k'$ r'*k'$' ' 4. I&"t, I&"t, %er"&'k' %er"&'k'  te%&'t te%&'t %'#"k!' %'#"k!' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' Seor'* %ot$r 'k' /'&'t %e!e+e#'$k' &eker:''!' :$k' $' %'%&" %e%&erb'$k$ &e#''t !'* t$/'k or%'+ . Pe#''t !'* t$/'k or%'+ k're' '/'!' ko%&oe 't'"  :'+"r !'* r"#'k 't'" 't'" t$/'k be'r. be'r. Se/'*k' "t"k %e**'t$ 't'" 't'" %e%&erb'$k$ %e%&erb'$k$ ko%&oe 't'" :'+"r !'* r"#'k $t" '&'b$+' %'%&" %ee%"k'!'. Ut"k /'&'t %ee%"k' b'*$' !'* r"#'k $t" 'r"# /$+'k"k' &e*"r"t' 't'" &e3'r'$', ' /$#$$+' &et$*!' &e3'r$' 't'" &e*"r"t' :'+"r r'*k'$'. It" #e%"' b$#' /$+k"k'  :$k' (''% ter'/'& ter'/'& *e:'+' ker"#'k'!'. ker"#'k'!'. Pee+"#"r' r'*k'$' r'*k'$' 'k'/'&'t /$+'k"k'  :$k' (''% 'k' b+ok /$'*r'% /'r$ #et$'& &e#''t !'* 'k' /$te+"#"r$ :'+"r!' /' (''% ter'/'& 3'r' ker:' /' ("*#$ #et$'& r'*k'$'. 8'* 8'* &er+" /$&r't$k' /'+'% &ee+"#"r' :'+"r $$ '/'+' b'' B 't'" >33 ber'#'+ /'r$ 3't" /'!' /' #et$'& $&"t 'k'b %e/'&'tk' o"t&"t /'r$ #'t" r'*k'$' ke r'*k'$' ber$k"t!'.

*E3U"URA Pe*"k"r' #'*'t &et$* /$+'k"k' "t"k %e*et'"$ or%'+ 't'" t$/'k!' #"'t" r'*k'$', ko%&oe 't'" :'+"r. )"*#$ &e*"k"r' "t"k %e*et'"$ #t'/'r te*'*' ter'/'& &e#''t !'* /$'/'&$. M$#'+, # eor'* %ot$r e+ektro$k %ere&'r'#$ &oer '%&+$($er. D$"k"r &'/' t$t$k >33 't'" B   >o+t. Se/'*k' ber/'#'rk' #t'/'r te*'*' !'* /$+'k"k' t'tk'+' %e*"k"r !'* or%'#+ 12 >o+t. De*' /e%$k$' 'k' /$ket'"$ b'' r'*k'$' &oer $t" t$/'k or%'+. Sete+' /$kete%"k' r'*k'$' b+ok !'* /$3"r$*'$ t$/'k or%'+, ke%"/$' /$+'k"k' &e*"k"r' &'/' :'+"r /' ko%&oe #ert' %e*"k"r te*'*'!' "t"k %e*et'"$ b'$k 't'" t$/'k!' . Ut"k %e*"k"r :'+"r /' ko%&oe /'+'% re'*k'$', 'r"# t$/'k '/' te*'*'!' /e*' %e%'t$k' &e#''t!' ter+eb$ /'"+". Seb'b b't'# "k"r !'* 'k' /$*"'k' '/'+' b't'# "k"r O%. Apa*ila O%. Apa*ila *atas ukur 0)m digunakan digunakan untuk mengukur arus atau tegangan maka multi meter itu akan rusak.

 Lembaga Kursus Kursus dan Pelatihan Pelatihan Elektronik Elektronik Rifton Metro Metro $$

TITI" *ECARIA - *EELUSURA