Building Technology and Materials

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS Professor: Arch. Arnel Ramos (M-W-F) Feb. 24-Mar. 17, 2006 (10%) Kinds/Forms Water Distribution System Up feed – main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – fixtures (as long as there is normal pressure coming from the main water line) Down feed - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – storage tank – gravity – fixtures - tank is placed 10 ft. above the highest fixture Pneumatic - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – pressure tank – pressure – fixtures - up to 23 stories only (water zoning – 23 stories) - 46 stories – 2 pumps and 2 water tanks Standard slope of pipes: Drainage – 1% Sewer – 2% Architecture – the art and science of designing and constructing satisfying the four factors. Four factors of designing 1. 2. 3. 4.

Commercial

Institutional

4 2 1 3

2 4 3 1

Function Economy Aesthetic Structures

Difference between a Structure and a Building: Structure – composed of building and plan Building – enclosure Plan – internal elements Difference between a Storey and a Level: Storey – super structure only Level - super structure and sub-structure

Classification of Structures Low-rise Structure – four storey and below Medium-rise Structure – 5-8 stories (3M deep foundation) High-rise Structure – 12 and above

Lay-outs and Excavation Tools used for Lay-outing 1. 2. 3. 4.

Spirit level – “lebel” 1.20M max length Plastic hose filled with water – leveling hose Plum bulb – “hulog” Tremie – funnel used when there is stagnant water in the excavated area

Concrete – mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water Curing Period of Concrete 28 days – normal 21, 14, 7 days – ready-mixed concrete 1 day – removal of forms

Concrete Mixture Class

Mixture

40kg

50kg

Sand

Gravel

“AA”

1*1½*3

12

9.5

0.5

1.0

“A”

1*2*4

9

7

0.5

1.0

“B”

1*2½*5

7.5

6

0.5

1.0

“C”

1*3*6

6

5

0.5

1.0

PSI – Pounds per Square Inch -

Strength of cement (cement and water ration provides the strength)

-

In traditional construction: max. of 3000 p.s.i. and 6.0M span

Elf – 2-3 cum. capacity Dump truck – 8-10 cum. capacity Forward – 14-20 cum. capacity Bagger mixer – 28-30 rotations Pre-Stress -Method of Construction Post-Tensioning – used tendons instead of top bars and bottom bars - Not a pre-cast beam - cast in place/site Pre-Tensioning – Camber - pre-cast

Windows Oriel Window – with corbel Bay Window – Floor is extended Hopper Window – hinge is at the bottom, inward swing CONSTRUCTION TERMS Adobe Anchor – Llabe/liyabe Astragal - Batidura (door stopper-strip) Bath Tub – Banyera Blue Torch – Suplete Cabinet Hinge - Espolon Cast Iron - Pundido Cement Tiles – Baldosa Conductor - Alulod Door Hinge - Bisagra Earth Fill - Eskombro Electrician – Elektrista Istuko - Palitada Kitchen Sink – Prigadero Morta Bond – Tile Adhesive (Pioneer Brand) Mortar – Paupo Nail ½” – Brad Nail 6” – Spike Pea Gravel – Grabita Plum Bob - Hulog Rabbit – Bashida Ready Fix - Tile Adhesive (ABC Brand) Riser – Takip-silipan Scratch Coat - Rebukada Spirit Level – Lebel Wiring Knob – Poleya Weans Coating – Asolehos

BUILDING MATERIALS Wood Classification Soft Wood – Tanguile, Lawaan, Giho Hard Wood – no flexibility Properties Hardness - compression strength of wood Flexibility Strength – based on its grid Durability Categories Yard – trims and paneling (baseboards, etc.) Shop – door jambs (sash works) Structural Definition Strips -