building services

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING SURVEYING FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING & SURVEYING UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (PERAK) SERI ISKANDAR

BUILDING SERVICES I (BSR 101) Topic:

WATER WATER SUPPLY, SUPPLY, SEWERAGE & DRAINAGE, DRAIN AGE, FIRE FIGHTING AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM  At:

NO 33 JALAN KESUMA !1L BANDAR TASIK KESUMA "3#00, BERANANG, SELANGOR VS BLOK TERATAI, U$TM PERAK KAMPUS SERI ISKANDAR, 31#0 SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK

Prepared for:

SR% MOHD NURFAISAL BAHARUDDIN Prepared by:

HUSNA SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH BINTI AINORDIN

('01"#'3")

NURUL SHAKINAH BINTI OTHMAN

('01"*11')

ANDREA ANAK DALING

('01"*1'3)

MUHAMMAD FA FARI A ARI BI BIN AB RA RAHIM

('01"#'3)

Semester:

JUNE + OCTOBER '01 Submission date:

WEEK 10 (DURING CLASS)

1

HUSNA SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH BINTI AINORDIN

('01"#'3")

NURUL SHAKINAH BINTI OTHMAN

('01"*11')

ANDREA ANAK DALING

('01"*1'3)

MUHAMMAD FA FARI A ARI BI BIN AB RA RAHIM

('01"#'3)

2

HUSNA SYAHIDAH SYAHIDAH BINTI AINORDIN

('01"#'3")

NURUL SHAKINAH BINTI OTHMAN

('01"*11')

ANDREA ANAK DALING

('01"*1'3)

MUHAMMAD FA FARI A ARI BI BIN AB RA RAHIM

('01"#'3)

2

CONTENT

No 1

Chapter Chapter 1 : IN INTRODUCTION • • • • •

1.1 OVERVIEW 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF REPORT 1.3 SCOPE OF STUD 1.! "ET#ODO$O% OF REPORT 1.& BUI$DIN% B'C(%ROUND

2

Chapter ter 2 : W' W'TER SUPP$ PP$ SSTE STE" "

3

2.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW 2.2 C'SE STUD 2.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES 2.! PROB$E" 'ND RECO""END'TION Chap Chapte terr 3 : SEWE SEWER' R'%E %E 'ND DR'I DR'IN' N'%E %E SS SSTE" TE"

Pages

!)&

• •

*)12

• •

• • • •

!

• •

!.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW !.2 C'SE STUD !.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES

2&)3*

Chap Chapte terr & : SO$ SO$ID W'S W'STE "'N' "'N'%E %E"E "EN NT • • •

*

13)2!

Chapter ter ! : FIR FIRE E FI% FI%# #TIN TIN% SS SSTE TE" " •

&

 3.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW 3.2 C'SE STUD 3.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES DIS' DV'NT'%ES 3.! PROB$E" 'ND RECO""END'TION

&.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW &.2 C'SE STUD &.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES

Chapter * : CONC$USION •

3+)!3

!!)!&

*.1 REFFERENCES

CHAPTER 1 1%0 INTRODUCT I NTRODUCTION ION 1.1 OVERVIEW B,-/-0g ser-es pa a e0tra roe -0 o0tr-4,t-0g to the /es-g0 o5 a 4,-/-0g6 4,-/-0g6 0ot o0 -0 ter7s o5 oera strateg-es a0/ sta0/ar/s to 4e ah-ee/6 0,t aso -0 5a8a/e e0g-0eer-0g6 e0g-0eer-0g6 the

3

9e-ghts6 s-es6 a0/ oat-o0 o5 7a;or pa0t a0/ e0o9 the sa5et o5 the 4,-/-0gs To 7a>e s,re that 9e >0o9 a the 5o9 o5 these sste7s

1.3 SCOPE OF STUD Th-0gs that 9e ear0 a0/ /-soer -0 th-s t,tor-a -s6 9ater /-str-4,t-o0 sste7s6 se9erage a0/ /ra-0age sste7s6 5-re 5-ght-0g sste7s a0/ so-/ 9aste 7a0age7e0t. ' o5 the sste7s 7,st 4e -0est-gate/ 4ase/ o0 o,r ase st,/ 9h-h -s a /o,4e)store ho,se a0/ a 7e/-,7 h-gh r-se 4,-/-0g. We 7,st >0o9 a the a/a0tages6 /-sa/a0tages6 pro4e7s a0/ reo77e0/at-o0 reo77e0/at-o0 o5 these sste7s. 1.! "ET#ODO$O% OF REPORT "etho/ o5 /o-0g th-s t,tor-a6 9e 0ee/ to ,0/ersta0/ 9hat 9e hae ear0e/ -0 the ass a0/ app -t -0 o,r t,tor-a. F-rst6 9e 0ee/ to seet a 7e/-,7 h-gh r-se 4,-/-0g a0/ >0o9 a4o,t the 4,-/-0gs? 4a>gro,0/. 4a>gro,0/. We 7,st sho9 the 5o9hart o5 the sste7s 4ase/ o0 o,r ase st,/ to 7a>e -t earer a0/ o7p-e -t 9-th p-t,res as e-/e0es. We 0ee/ to re5er ;o,r0as6 4oo>s a0/ -0ter0et to o4ta-0 7ore so,res. The06 9e 0ee/ to a>0o9e/ge the pro4e7 a0/ the reo77e0/at-o0 a4o,t the sste7. 'so6 9e 0ee/ to >0o9 the a/a0tages a0/ /-sa/a0tages o5 the sste7 -0 the 4,-/-0gs. $ast6 a o0,s-o0 -s 7a/e 4ase/ o0 o,r st,/-es. 1.& BUI$DIN% B'C(%ROUND #o,se

"e/-,7 #-gh R-se B,-/-0g

4

 '//ress

 'ge o5 the 4,-/-0g P,rpose o5 the 4,-/-0g Water a,thor-t

No 33 Jaa0 (es,7a &@1$ Ba0/ar Tas-> (es,7a !3+AA Bera0a0g6 Sea0gor. 1A ears

Bo> Terata-6 U-T" Pera> (a7p,as Ser- Is>a0/ar6 31+&A Ser- Is>a0/ar6 Pera>. 1+ ears

Res-/e0e

U0-ers-t

'%0 WATER SUPPLY

5

2.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW DIRECT SSTE" OF CO$D W'TER SSTE" For e55--e0t operat-o06 a h-gh press,re 9ater s,pp -s esse0t-a part-,ar at per-o/s o5 pea> /e7a0/. P-pe9or> -s 7-0-7a a0/ the storage -ster0 s,pp-0g the hot 9ater -0/er 0ee/ o0 hae 11& -tres apa-t. The -ster0 7a 4e oate/ 9-th-0 the a-r-0g ,p4oar/ or 4e o74-0e/ 9-th the hot 9ater -0/er. Dr-0>-0g 9ater -s aa-a4e ar eer /ra9)o55 po-0t a0/ 7a-0te0a0e aes sho,/ 4e 5-tte/ to -soate eah set-o0 o5 p-pe9or>. W-th eer o,tet s,pp-e/ 5ro7 the 7a-06 the poss-4--t o5 4a> s-pho0age 7,st 4e o0s-/ere/. Ba> s-pho0age a0 o,r 9he0 there -s a h-gh /e7a0/ o0 the 7a-0. Negat-e press,re a0 the0 /ra9 9ater 4a> -0to the 7a-0 5ro7 a s,47erge/ -0et 6 e.g. a r,44er t,4e attahe/ to a tap or a sho9er 5-tt-0g 9-tho,t a he ae 5a--t e5t -0g -0 /-rt 4ath 9ater.

6

INDIRECT SSTE" OF CO$D W'TER SUPP$ The -0/-ret sste7 o5 o/ 9ater s,pp has o0 o0e /r-0>-0g 9ater o,tet6 at the s-0>. The o/ 9ater storage -ster0 has a 7-0-7,7 apa-t o5 23A -tres6 5or oat-o0 -0 the roo5 spae. I0 a//-t-o0 to -ts 0or7a s,pp 5,0t-o06 -t pro-/es a0 a/e 9- 4e /-str-4,te/ 4 /-str-4,t-o0 p-pe to a 4athroo7s -0 the ho,se.

&

Service

Storage tank +ver#ow pipe

,istrib!tion

)leaning *ipe

(ain s! l Service pipe D-agra7 a4oe -s she7at- /ra9-0g o5 9ater /-str-4,t-o0 5or ho,se.

Water storage tank %itional Service pipe water stora e

+ver#ow )leanin

i e

,istrib!ti on pipe

*!mp % *!mp -

(ain pipe s!ppl"

(ain pipe s!ppl"

D-agra7 a4oe sho9s she7at- /ra9-0g o5 9ater /-str-4,t-o0 5or 7e/-,7 h-gh r-se 4,-/-0g

1'

2.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES

D-ret Water S,pp

 '/a0tages Sa-0g -0 p-pe9or> espe-a -0 7,t-)store 4,-/-0g. Fresh /r-0>-0g 9ater 7a 4e o4ta-0e/ at a0 po-0t. O0 0ee/s a s7a storage -ster0. •

•

•

I0/-ret Water S,pp

•

•

•

Water -s s,pp-e/ -5 the 7a-0s stop 9or>-0g Ca0 s,pp o/ 9ater ee0 -5 9ater press,re -s o9. $ess sste7 0o-se

D-sa/a0tages I5 the -s ,t o55 ee0 5or  a short per-o/6 there -s 0o 9ater aa-a4e Whe0 the s,pp -s ,t o556 4a> s-pho0age o,/ o,r9h-h o,/ o0t-7ate the 7a-0s. "ore e=pe0s-e to -0sta Ca00ot /ea 9-th arge /e7a0/ o5 9ater  Water a0 gro9 har75, 4ater-a •

•

•

•

•

2.! PROB$E" 'ND RECO""END'TION

11

Pro4e7

•

#o,se Ba>)s-pho0age

 ' reerse 5o9 o0/-t-o0 reate/ 4 a /-55ere0e -0 9ater press,res that a,ses 9ater to 5o9 4a> -0to the /-str-4,t-o0 p-pes o5 a /r-0>-0g 9ater s,pp 5ro7 a0 so,re other tha0 the -0te0/e/ o0e.

Reo77e0/at-o0

The s-7pest6 7ost re-a4e 9a to pro-/e 4a>5o9 pree0t-o0 -s to pro-/e a0 a-r gap. '0 a-r gap -s s-7p a0 ope0 ert-a spae 4et9ee0 a0 /e-e that o00ets to a p,74-0g sste7 ->e a ae or 5a,et a0/ a0 pae 9here o0ta7-0ate/ 9ater a0 oet or poo. ' s-7pe a-r gap has 0o 7o-0g parts6 other tha0 5o9-0g 9ater. "a0 p,74-0g o/es spe-5 a 7-0-7,7 a-r gap /-sta0e re-the0 a0/ a,0/r

a0/ s-0>s6 5o9s thro,gh t9o

e0ters the se9erage sste7

/-55ere0t p-pes. There are t9o

thro,gh

7a-0 p-pe.

a

,0/ergro,0/

0et9or> p-pes.

o5  

There 2

are t9o 7a-0 p-pes.

Se9age -s /-sharge -0to the se9erage

2

sste76

9h-h

-s

Se9erage -s /-sharge -0to

,s,a

the se9erage sste76 that -s

ra-0

,s,a o0ta7-0ate/ e=ept

sste7s

ra-0

#o9eer6

o0e 9aste 9ater a0/ stor7

se9erage -s /-sharge t9o

9ater@ra-0 9ater -0 separate

/-55ere0t th-0gs6se9age a0/

p-pes.

9ater.

o0ta7-0ate/

9ater.

Separate

are

e=ept se9er 

/es-g0e/

to

ra-0 9ater6 thro,gh /-55ere0t p-pes.

3

Se9age 5o9s to arger se9ers.

1&

3

Se9age

5o9s

to

se9ers.

Sa0-tar

arger  

Sa0-tar se9er sste7 oet

se9er 

a0/ tra0sport 9aste 9ater. Ra-0

sste7 oet a0/ tra0sport

9ater oete/ a0/ tra0sporte/

9aste

r,0o55.

9ater.

oete/ r,0o55.

a0/ The

Ra-0

9ater 

tra0sporte/ se9er

The

se9er

sope

/o909ar/s so se9age a0 ,se

sope

gra-t to so9 5o9s ao0g.

/o909ar/s so se9age a0 ,se gra-t to so9 5o9s ao0g.

!

Sa0-tar se9er sste7s 7a aso oet 9et 9eather 5o9 -a

---t

o00et-o0s

5ro7

Sa0-tar se9er sste7s 7a aso

ho,se /ra-0s or stor7 se9ers6

oet 9et 9eather 5o9 -a ---t

as 9e as thro,gh /e5ets -0

o00et-o0s 5ro7 ho,se /ra-0s or

the p-pes a0/ 7a0hoes. $ast6

stor7 se9ers6 as 9e as thro,gh

the

/e5ets -0 the p-pes a0/

treat7e0t pa0ts. The se9age

7a0hoes. $ast6 se9age e0ters

9- 4e proesse/ 3A)3& /as

treat7e0t pa0ts. The treat7e0t

4e5ore

pa0ts proess se9age 4e5ore -t

9ater

a0 4e s,pp-e/ as ree/ 9ater 

e0-ro07e0t.

9-

/-sharge

s,pp-e/

as

to

the

ree

or reease/ -0to the

or reease/ -0to the e0-ro07e0t. Th-s proess a0 ta>e ,p to 3A)3& /as.

Sewage an waste water are ischarge thro!gh rainage pipes !ner the gro!n.

Sewa e an waste water are 2'

It 9- the0 4e /-sharge -0to p,4- se9ers that arr 9aste 7ater-as to a se9age treat7e0t pa0t.

It 9- 4e proesse/ 4 I0/ah Water s/0.4h/

21

S,r5ae 9ater 9- 4e /-shar/Mge/ -0to se9ers /-ret to r-ers or the sea. D-agra7 a4oe sho9s ho9 separate se9erage sste7s 9or>s 5or ho,se

22

#o,se

"e/-,7 #-gh R-se B,-/-0g

 '4oe The %ro,0/

O0e P-pe Sste7

1

The

p,74-0g

sste7

-0

1

The 9aste 9ater 5ro7 s-0>s6

9h-h the 9aste 5ro7 s-0>s6

4athroo76 a0/ 9ash 4as-0s are

4athroo76 a0/ 9ash 4as-0s6

/-ret 5o9s to the ert-a

a0/ so- p-pe 4ra0hes are a

7a-0 p-pe.

oete/ -0to o0e ert-a 2

7a-0 p-pe.

The 9aste the0 /-str-4,te/ to gro,0/ 5oor thro,gh the ert-a

2

The 9aste the0 /-str-4,te/ to gro,0/

5oor

thro,gh

7a-0 p-pe.

the 3

ert-a 7a-0 p-pe.

' the traps o5 9ater osets6 4as-06 4athroo7 are o7pete

3

' the traps o5 9ater osets6

e0t-ate/ to presere the 9ater 

4as-06

sea.

4athroo7

o7pete

are

e0t-ate/

to

presere the 9ater sea.

!

'5ter that6 those 9aste 5o9s to /ra-0age thro,gh ,0/ergro,0/

!

'5ter that6 those 9aste 5o9s

p-pe

to

ert-a

/ra-0age

thro,gh

,0/ergro,0/ p-pe o00ete/

o00ete/ 7a-0

4et9ee0 p-pe

a0/

/ra-0age.

4et9ee0 ert-a 7a-0 p-pe a0/ /ra-0age.

23

3.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES  '/a0tages

D-sa/a0tages

Separate Se9erage



The oa/ o0 treat7e0t pa0t



-s ess as o0 se9age -s

Sste7

Cea0-0g o5 se9er -s /-55-,t /,e to the-r s7a s-e

arr-e/ to the pa0t 



"a-0te0a0e ost -s h-gh



Nee/s o5 re-a4e s,pp o5 

The s-e o5 se9er -s s7a6 th,s eo0o7-a

p-pe/ 9ater  

Nat,ra

9ater

,00eessar-

-s

0ot

po,te/

4



Pro4e7s

asso-ate/

9-th

4o>ages a0/ 4rea>/o90 o5 

se9age

p,7p-0g e o5 se9age oer5o9

O0e P-pe Sste7 

 'o9s 5or eah ter7-0a to 4e o0troe/

separate



4

Cost o5 repa-r-0g ea>age p-pe 4ea,se o0 o0e p-pe

-0sta-0g the r-ght aes  

Co0sta0t e0s,res

5o9

o5

re/,t-o0

9ater 

#-gh r-s> o5 4o>age 4ea,se so-/

-0

a0/

-age pro4e7.  



D-55-,t -0 ter7 o5 o0str,t-o0

#-gh eo0o7-a -0 ter7s o5 

9or>.4-gger s-e o5 p-pe6 hea

ost.

p-pe ) /-55-,t to ha0/e

Eas to o0str,t. Re o5 7a-0te0a0e /,e

to

o0

o0e

7a-0

p-peert-a arge p-pe

3.! PROB$E" 'ND RECO""END'TION

Separate

Pro4e7 The stor7 se9ers o7e -0

Reo77e0/at-o0 "a>e s,re the gar4age -s a9as

Se9erage

operat-o0 -0 ra-0 seaso0 o0.

thro9 -0s-/e the r,44-sh 4-0. Th,s6

Sste7

The 7a 4e ho>e/ -0 /r

th-s 4eha-or a0 7a>e o,r

seaso0 4 gar4age

0e-gh4or-0g s,rro,0/-0g 7ore

O0e P-pe Sste7

Bo>age -0 the ert-a 7a-0 p-pe 7a o,r.

ea0. The ,ser sho,/ 0ot thro9 a0 so-/ 7ater-as -0 the 9ater oset s,h as pa7pers6 oths a0/ a0 7ater-as that a0 a,se 4o>age to the 7a-0 p-pe.

25

"%0 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM !.1 $ITER'TURE REVIEW The 5-re protet-o0 sste7 pas a er -7porta0t roe to pree0t the sprea/ o5 5-re 4rea>o,ts -0 4,-/-0gs. The /,t o5 the 5-re protet-o0 sste7 -s to e=t-0g,-sh the 5-re a0/ o0tro the sprea/ o5 5-re. Bes-/es6 -t aso re/,es the -7pat o5 ,0o0troe/ 5-re a0/ to protet h,7a0 -5e a0/ state6 p,4-6 a0/ pr-ate propert 5ro7 5-re. There are t 9o 5-re protet-o0 7etho/s6 9h-h are at-e 5-re protet-o0 7etho/ a0/ pass-e 5 -re protet-o0 7etho/.  'CTIVE FIRE FI%#TIN% SSTE"  't-e 5-re protet-o0 -s the proess o5 protet-0g a 4,-/-0g or str,t,re 5ro7 5-re 9-th 7etho/s that ,se the at-o0 o5 7o-0g parts. 9-segee>6 0./. These sste7s a0 4e a,to7at- or 7a0,a s,h as 5-re aar7 sste76 s7o>e  heat /etetor6 9et  /r r-sers6 hose rees a0/ CO2 5-=e/ -0staat-o0. •

F-re e=t-0g,-sher 

F-re e=t-0g,-sher -s ,se/ to e=t-0g,-sh s7a or -0-t-a o,t4rea> 5-res6 o5te0 -0 e7erge0 s-t,at-o0s. It -s 0ot -0te0/e/ 5or ,se o0 a0 o,t)o5)o0tro 5-re. It sho,/ 4e oate/ at o0sp-,o,s oat-o0. Tp-a6 a 5-re e=t-0g,-sher o0s-sts o5 a ha0/)he/ -0/r-a press,re esse o0ta-0-0g a0 age0t 9h-h a0 4e /-sharge/ to e=t-0g,-sh a 5-re. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 22+ ) Porta4e e=t-0g,-sher sha 4e /es-g0e/ a0/ -0stae/ -0 aor/a0e 9-th "S 1&3.

26

•

E=ter0a 5-re h/ra0t

 ' 5-re h/ra0t -s a sste7 o5 p-pe 9or> that ao9s 9ater to 5o9 5ro7 a 9ater 7a-0 9-th the o0tro o5 a ae -0 or/er to p,t o,t a 5-re. 9-segee>6 0./. The 9ater -s /-sharge/ -0to the 5-re e0g-0e 5ro7 9h-h -t -s the0 sprae/ oer the 5 -re. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 22&2 ) Eer 4,-/-0g sha 4e sere/ 4 at east o0e 5-re h/ra0t oate/ 0ot 7ore tha0 !& 7eter 5ro7 the 5-re 4r-ga/e aess6 /es-g0e/ a0/ -0stae/ -0 aor/a0e 9-th "S 1!. I0 a0 ase6 h/ra0ts sha 4e oate/ 0ot 7ore tha0 A 7eters apart. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 22&3 ) Depe0/-0g o0 the s-e a0/ oat-o0 o5 the 4,-/-0g a0/ the pro-s-o0 o5 aess 5or 5-re app-a0es6 a//-t-o0a 5-re h/ra0t sha 4e pro-/e/ as 7a 4e re a0/ hose rees oate/ strateg-a -0 a 4,-/-0g6 e0s,r-0g proper oerage o5 9ater to o74at a 5-re. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 22*' ) #ose ree sste7s sha 4e /es-g0e/ a0/ -0stae/ -0 aor/a0e 9-th "S 1!.

•

Water storage ta0>

Water s,pp-e/ 5ro7 a /es-g0e/ 9ater ta0> 1*73 oate/ at roo5 ee. The ta0> -s 7a/e ,p o5 presse/ stee a0/ the e=ter0a s,r5ae -s pa-0te/ 9-th a re/ 4a0/ o5 7-0-7,7 2AA77. It has t9o o7part7e0ts 9h-h -s o7part7e0t 1 a0/ 2. Bes-/es6 ee -0/-ator  -s aso pro-/e/.

•

Wet r-ser 

Wet R-ser Sste7s are -0stae/ -0 4,-/-0gs 5or 5-re 5-ght-0g p,rposes 9h-h are per7a0e0t harge/ 9-th 9ater 5ro7 a p,7p so,re. prote6 0./. It rePa at the h-ghest a0/-0g ae a0/ g-e a 5o9 rate o5 2.3 I@s. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 2311 ) Wet r-s-0g sste7s sha 4e pro-/e/ -0 eer 4,-/-0g -0 9h-h the top 7ost o,p-e/ 5oor -s 7ore tha0 3A 7eters a4oe 5-re app-a0e aess ee.

•

Spr-0>e sste7

 ' spr-0>er sste7 -s -0tegrate/ sste7 o5 p-p-0g 9or>6 o00ete/ to a 9ater s,pp6 9-th -ste/ spr-0>ers that a,to7at-a -0-t-ate 9ater /-sharge oer a 5-re area. Where reer sste7 aso -0,/es a o0tro ae a0/ a /e-e 5or at-at-0g a0 aar7 9he0 the sste7 operates. U0/er UBB$ 1! Set-o0 22 ) Spr-0>er sste7s sha 4e /es-g0e/ a0/-0stae/ -0 aor/a0e 9-th "S 11A.

•

F-re7a0?s s9-th

 ' 5-re7a0?s s9-th -s a0 eetr-a -soat-o0 s9-th oate/ 4es-/e the top e/ge o5 the -5t to per7-t the /-so00et-o0 o5 eetr-a po9er s,pp to the reea0t 5oor or o0e sere/. 'rsa/6 2A11 Bes-/es6 -t -s to ,t /o90 the s,pp o5 eetr-a ser-es to the shop

2&

9he0 the 5-re e=-sts. Th-s -s to ao-/ the eetr- ,rre0t oer 5o9 to a,se e=pos-o0. The 5-re7a0?s s9-th -s pae/ -0 a o0sp-,o,s a0/ aess-4e oat-o0 9h-h 0ot 7ore tha0 2.+&7 5ro7 the gro,0/. Bes-/es6 -t -s pa-0te/ -0 re/ oo,r a0/ 7o,0te/ o0to the 9a.

•

"a0,a a po-0t

"a0,a aar7 a po-0ts are /es-g0e/ 5or the p,rpose o5 ra-s-0g a0 aar7 7a0,a o0e er-5-at-o0 o5 a 5-re or e7erge0 o0/-t-o0 e=-sts6 4 operat-0g the p,sh 4,tto0 or 4rea> gass the aar7 s-g0a a0 4e ra-se/. Cro,se)h-0/s6 0./. -t ,ses 4rea> gass a po-0t. It -s -0stae/ at a he-ght o5 1.27 a4oe 5oor ee a0/ s-te/ 9here ,ser a0 4e eas- see0. Bes-/es6 -t -s 5-tte/ o0 the 5oor s-/e o5 a0 aess /oor to a sta-rase so the 5oor o5 or-g-0 -s -0/-ate/ at the Co0tro Pa0e. "oreoer6 the greatest trae /-sta0e 5ro7 a0 po-0t -0 the 4,-/-0g to the 0earest a po-0t /oes 0ot e=ee/ 3A7. F-re sa5et a/-e e0tre6 0./.

•

F-re aar7 4e

3'

The pr-7ar 5,0t-o0 o5 a 5-re 4e -s to aar7 peope 9ho are at r-s> to ta>e the 0eessar prea,t-o0ar sa5et a0/ ea,at-o0 7eas,res. Fest 5-re se,r-t6 0./. F-re 4es are reat-e o,/ a0/ aso /es-g0e/ to pro/,e a spe-5- a0/ ,0- opport,0-t-es or 7a tota e=,/e 4,s-0ess a0/ -0/,str. For so-/ 9aste 7a0age7e0t sste7 -0 res-/e0t-a area are ho,seho/ 9aste oet-o0.Th-s ser-e -s arr-e/ o,t thro,gh street o0ta-0ers6 /oor to /oor 4ags oet-o0 ser-e -0oes the a4o,rers e0ter-0g the pre7-ses6 oet-0g gar4age 5ro7 a storage area a0/ e7pt-0g -t -0to the oet-o0 eh-e 64,-/-0g to 4,-/-0g ->e oet-0g gar4age 5ro7 o,ts-/e@a/;ae0t to 4,-/-0gs6 ao0g streets or ae9as a0/ p0e,7at- oet-o0 4o=es a0/ 4-0s 5or oet-o0 -0 shops. #a0/art oet-o0 -s a tpe o5 a >er4s-/e oet-o0 sste7. $a4o,rers oet 9aste store/ -0 o0ta-0ers6 4ags o5 9aste e5t at the >er4s-/e or oet 9aste /-ret 5ro7 the res-/e0t.

#a0/arts 7,st tra0s5er the-r oa/s to a trator6 orr or o7pator 5or 

tra0sportat-o0 to the /-sposa s-te. I0 areas o5 the to90@-t that hae 0arro9 or o0geste/ roa/s6 ha0/arts are o5te0 ,se/ 5or oet-o0.

41

&.2 C'SE STUD N: -  72$5$.6

TERATAI;S BLOCK

•

HOUSE

Terata-?s 4o> -s tpe o5 7e/-,7

•

Th-s

ho,se

oate/

-0

res-/e0t-a

r-se 4,-/-0g .For th-s 4o> the

area.Th-s ho,se tpe -s /o,4e store

,s-0g 5oor to 5oor 9aste oet-o0

terrae ho,se .The ho,se -s oate/ -0

sste7.

res-/e0t-a area so the ,se ho,se to ho,se 9aste oet-o0 sste7.

W:4/ a0/ar. $arge

aro,0/ res-/e0t-a area to oet the gar4age

5ro7

ho,se

o

ho,se.The

gar4age 9o,/ se0t to the a0/5- -0 B,>-t Tagar6#,, Sea0gor.

o0ta-0ers ,se/ 5or the oet-o0 o5  9aste6s,-ta4e

5or

7e/-,7

r-se

4,-/-0g. Coetors 9- o7e to ta>e the trash to 4e se0t to a a0/5- -0 S-t-a9a06Pera>.

•

 'a7 Fora S/0 Bh/ -s respo0s-4e to 7a0ages the tra0sportat-o0 a0/ 9aste oet-o0 -0 Sea0gor area.

•

 ' 9aste 7a0age7e0t oet-o0 sste7 9o,/ 7a0age 4 "a;-s Daerah Pera> Te0gah.

43

•

 '5ter a 9aste oet-o0 at res-/e0t-a area /o0e 6a the so-/ 9- se0/ to the a0/5- that oate/ at B,>-t Tagar6#,, Sea0gor.' the proess ->e re-0g 9o,/ /o0e at that pae.

•

Bo> Terata- 9as pae/ -0 U-t7 Ser- Is>a0/ar Ca9a0ga0 Pera> 6 a the 9aste oet-o0 9o,/ se0t to a0/5- that oate/ at S-t-a9a0 area "a0;,0g6Pera>.

44

&.3 'DV'NT'%ES 'ND DIS'DV'NT'%ES T9= - 

A>:./:6

D$4:>:./:6

B2$5$.6 •

$arge

o0ta-0ers

hae

4ee0

I5 the 9aste oet ate67a4e the

pro-/e/ to oet a so-/ 9aste

9aste 9o,/ to 4e 5-e/ . S7e po,t-o0 7a o,r /,e to the

4e5ore the tra0sportat-o0 o5 9aste M$2?8$4

tra0sportat-o0

•

oet-o0 o7e ta>e. #o,seho/ /-/0?t 0ee/ to go

•

/o90sta-r to thro9 the trash. Re/,e/ o//,r po,t-o0

aor/a0e 9-th the she/,e set. Cost -0staat-o0 the re5,se h,te -s

B2$5$.6

5or 

•

"a0age7e0t o5 the 9aste oet-o0

9aste 5ar 5ro7 the-r ho,se6the

sste7 pro4e7 the ;,st oet the

 ;,st 0ee/ to p,t the-r gar4age

9aste t9-e a 9ee> S7e pro4e7 -05ro0t ho,se 4ea,se

o,ts-/e the-r ho,se. Its eas 5or oeter to oet the •

oet-o0

e=pe0s-e.

#o,seho/ /-/0?t 0ee/ to p,t the

S/89 H24

9aste

9o,/ o7e to oet the 9aste -0

res-/e0t-a area.

D275

o5

9aste. Cost o5 e=pe0s-e.

•

o5 oet-o0 o5 9aste are ate a,se o5  the 5oo9 the she/,e that area/

-0staat-o0

0ot

to •

set. The oetor 0ee/ to go-0g ho,se to ho,se aro,0/ the res-/e0t-a area to oet the 9aste at eer ho,se6 to 7a0 9or> 0ee/ to /o.

45

*.A CONC$USIONS

Thro,gh th-s ass-g07e0t6 9e hae /eeope/ the a4--t to -/e0t-5 a0/ e=pa-0 the reea0t -05or7at-o0 reate/ to 5-re protet-o0 sste76so-/ 9aste 7a0age7e0t6 9ater s,pp sste7 a0/ se9erage a0/ /ra-0age sste7. It has aso a/a0e/ o,r s>- to /-st-0g,-sh a0/ /-55ere0t-ate the -0staat-o0 o5 ar-o,s tpes o5 ser-es -0 a 4,-/-0g as 9e as -0reas-0g o,r apa4--t to a0ae a0/ sr,t-0-e o0 the pro4e7 o5 the 4,-/-0g ser-e sste7s. For 9ater s,pp sste76 9e a>0o9e/ge 4oth a/a0tages a0/ /-sa/a0tages 5or /-ret 9ater s,pp sste7 a0/ -0/-ret 9ater s,pp sste7 a0/ aso pro4e7s that 7a 4e e0o,0tere/ 4oth sste7s. (0o9e/ge o5 the 4e0e5-ts a0/ pro4e7s a0 hep ,s to /eter7-0e ho9 to hoose the r-ght 9ater s,pp sste7 9h-h -s to 4e -0stae/ -0 a part-,ar  4,-/-0g. Not o0 that6 -t aso e0a4es ,s to /eter7-0e ho9 to proper 7a-0ta-0 the sste7 so that 9e a0 ao-/ a0/ pree0t pro4e7s -0 the sste7 a0/ th,s6 hae a 4etter6 5,0t-o0a a0/ o0g)ter7 9ater s,pp sste7. 's the teh0oog -s -7pro-0g6 9e 9ere a4e to -/e0t-5 seera -7proe7e0ts that o,/ 4e 7a/e to 9ater s,pp sste7 -0 or/er to e0ha0e the sste7 a0/ e-7-0ate or re/,e pro4e7s -0 the sste7. We aso >0o9 ho9 -7porta0t -t -s to hae the >0o9e/ge a4o,t 5-re 5-ght-0g sste7 -0 a 4,-/-0g. Base/ o0 o,r ass-g07e0t6 4oth 4,-/-0g 7,st ta>e at-o0 to s,pport the operat-o0 a0/ 7a-0te0a0e o5 the 7eha0-a6 eetr-a a0/ p,74-0g 4,-/-0g ser-es to e0s,re a sste7s are 5, operat-o0a a0/ o7p-a0t as 9e as s,pport-0g the 4,-/-0g a0/ ser-es 7a0ager to e0s,re 5, o7p-a0e o5 a operat-0g sste7s part-,ar 9-th the 5-re protet-o0 sste76 -/e0t-5-0g r-s> a0/ s,pport-0g so,t-o0s to reate proe/,res 9h-h are ear /o,7e0te/. W-th a goo/ 4,-/-0g ser-e sste76 -t a0 pro-/e a0 opt-7,7 ee o5 o,pa0ts? o75ort a0/ protet the ,sto7ers as 9e. Sa7e goes to so-/ 9aste 7a0age7e0t a0/ se9erage a0/ /ra-0age sste7. Both sste7s 7,st 9or> reg,ar so that there 9- 4e 0o pro4e7 -0 proess-0g a0/ 7a0ag-0g 9aste pro/,ts. I0 a 0,tshe6 th-s ass-g07e0t to,ght ,s a ot a4o,t ho9 to ooperate 9e -0 the gro,p -0 or/er to o7pete th-s 9or>. We 9a0t to tha0> eero0e 5or the -05or7at-o0 9e are gett-0g.

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