Building Materials & Construction Part 2

Float glass – Manufactured by pouring molten glass onto a surface of molten tin and allowing it too cool slowly. The resulting flat, parallel surfaces minimize distortion and eliminate the need for grinding and polishing. Float glass is the successor to plate glass and accounts for the majority of flat-glass production.

Sheet – Fabricated by drawing the molten glass from a furnace (drawn glass), or by forming a cylinder, dividing it lengthwise, and flattening it (cylinder glass). The fire polished surfaces are not perfectly parallel, resulting in some distortion of vision. To minimize this distortion, glass should be glazed wit the wave distortion running horizontally.

Glass with no distortions a. b. c. d.

Sheet Glass Float Glass Tempered Glass Plate Glass

Tempered – Annealed glass that is reheated to just below the softening point and then rapidly cooled to induct compressive stresses in the interior. Tempered glass has three to five times the resistance of annealed glass to impact and thermal stresses but cannot be altered after fabrication. When fractured, it breaks into relatively harmless pebble-sized particles.

Annealed glass – is cooled slowly to relieve internal stresses Heat-strength glass – is annealed glass that is partially tempered by a process of reheating and sudden cooling. Heat-strengthened glass has about twice the strength of annealed glass of the same thickness.

Plate glass – formed by rolling molten glass into a plate that is subsequently ground and polished after cooling. Plate glass provides virtually clear, undistorted vision.

What happens when someone tries to break a Laminated glass? a. It will break into smaller harmless particles b. It will break but will not splinter across the room c. It will not break d. It will break into large pieces

Type of Glass used for display windows a. b. c. d.

Clear Glass Tinted Glass Tempered Glass Low-e Glass

What type of glass should be used as a flooring material at the second floor if the owner specifically instructed the architect that he wants a clear view of the ground floor a. b. c. d.

Tempered Glass Clear Glass Glass Blocks Laminated Safety Glass

Note: We noticed that many students (now new architects) answered “glass blocks.” We don’t know how the PRBoA answered this but the correct answer is called Laminated “Structural” Glass in the construction and is the same one being employed in several high-rise viewing platforms like the ones in the Sears Tower Sky Deck. Although Glass Blocks can be used too, it will not give a clear view of the ground

Type of Glass wherein you can see the people inside the building during night time a. b. c. d.

Tinted Glass Reflected Glass Tempered Glass Insulated Glass

Study tinted glass, its uses etc. What type of glass has the waviest face?

What is Insulated Glass? When multiple glass panels or “lites” are assembled into units, they are commonly referred to as insulated glass, double glazing, Double Glazed Units (UK and Europe) or insulating Glass Units (IGU) (North America and Australia).

These units use the thermal and acoustic insulating properties of a gas (or vacuum) contained in the space formed by the unit. They can provide good insulation without sacrificing transparency (visual transmittance, VT). Single glazed tinted and reflective glasses can provide similar thermal insulation, but for the same insulation performance are harder to see through and provide little protection

Most IGUs are double glazed, but IGUs with three sheets or more, i.e. “triple glazing” are becoming more common due to higher energy costs. Insulated glazing may be framed in a sash, frame or in a curtain wall.

For better Energy conservation, which material is NOT advisable for use at the South part of a project? a. Heavy Tinted Glass and thick concrete wall b. Transparent Glass and Light Metal Panels c. Translucent Glass and Light Metal Panels d. None of the above

A high end residential is adjacent to a busy and heavy traffic main road. Because of the nuisance of vehicles, the upper floors are affected. What should be done to minimize the noise if price would be a problem? a. b. c. d.

Double glazing window Heavy drapes Acoustical panel boards Egg crates on wall

If you are inside a structure using Reflective Glass, you can see buildings in front of you in the morning. At night, when you are inside, you see _______. a. b. c. d.

Cars Yourself Trees Birds

A type of glass used for skylights a. b. c. d.

Laminated Glass Corn Glass Wired Glass Low-e Glass

A type of glass used for skylights a. b. c. d.

Tempered Wired Float Etched

A type of glass that is translucent in the morning but like a mirror at night when viewed from the inside of a building a. b. c. d.

Float Glass Clear Glass Reflective Glass Tinted Glass

A type of glass used for Fire Exit a. b. c. d.

Wired Glass Float Glass Laminated Glass Tempered Glass

What window is hard to reach? a. b. c. d.

Clerestory Casement Awning Jalousie

What type of glass is dust-free? a. b. c. d.

Float Glass Block Jalousie Laminate

What type of glass is ideal for Skylights? a. b. c. d.

Tempered Glass Float Glass Laminated Glass Wired Glass

What would be the prime consideration for the installation of Glass Blocks? It is the desired type of window for high rise building.

What window is easiest to clean?

a. b. c. d.

Awning Casement Sliding Louvers

Which window type is the easiest to clean? a. b. c. d.

Casement Awning Sliding Louvers

A relatively new material in the market today which is an embodiment of the dictum “the more beautiful, the more expensive.” a. Brushed powder-coated aluminum window frames b. PVC window frames painted to look like wood c. Granite tiles d. Perforated acoustic panel board

What type of window does not require weatherproof sealant? a. b. c. d.

Louver Awning Sliding Casement

What type of window is commonly used in condominiums, where safety and waterproofing are main concerns? a. b. c. d.

Tilt-and-turn Awning Casement Sliding

Steps in window construction/installation

In the installation of anodized windows, what should you do first? a. Attach first the window frames then finish the sides b. Finish the opening then install the frames c. d.

Where do we use a gondola? It is a suspended access equipment usually used in cleaning windows/curtain walls of high-rise building.

What

is provided windows? a. b. c. d.

Air Silicon Screen Spacer

between

glazed

What window is used in T&B especially at shower? a. b. c. d.

Casement Awning Wall Hung Sliding

This type of window provides the best natural ventilation. a. b. c. d.

Awning Casement Jalousie Sliding

What is the main reason why jalousie is widely accepted by the general public? a. b. c. d.

Cost 100% Ventilation Easy to install Aesthetics

Which window would seemingly be cheaper because of its ordinary hinges? a. b. c. d.

Aluminum Awning Aluminum Sliding Wood Casement Jalousie

Window commonly used in hospitals a. b. c. d.

Awning Steel Casement Jalousie Sliding

What type of window is NOT recommended to be used in an area where the opening of the window is in a hallway? a. b. c. d.

Casement Window Sliding Window Picture Window Louver Window

Why are UPVC Window Frames recommended to be colored white? a. To distinguish from Aluminum b. Expensive when using another color c. Will fade under constant Sun exposure d. Not appealing in another color

In tropical countries, what is the best type of window that allows maximum airflow?

a. b. c. d.

Sliding Casement Awning Louvered

Windows that does not finishing before installation a. b. c. d.

Casement Louver Sliding Louvered

require

Why is the frame of a sliding window limited to 1.6m? a. b. c. d.

Frame will bend For aesthetic consideration Glass will break To allow space

What is the proper method installing a steel window frame?

of

a. Finish the window opening first before installing the frame b. Install the frame before finishing the window opening c. Either way is good, depends on the installer d. It doesn’t matter

What type of recommended buildings?

a. b. c. d.

Hopper Pivoted Casement Awning

window is for high

NOT rise

What is the most effective mechanism for a window in stormy weather?

a. b. c. d.

Hole and Peg Magnetic Catch Hook and Eye Frictional Resistance

It is placed on one leaf of a doubleleafed door to prevent smoke, etc. from penetrating a. b. c. d.

Astragal Moldura Cornice Soleras

What type of Maintenance? a. b. c. d.

Panel Hollow Core French Door Sliding

Door

is

best

for

What type of Door is used for Fire Exits? Fire Proof Door with Panic Bar

It is a moulding/strip used as a Stopper between 2 doors

An illustration of a Door Swing was shown. Analyze. What is Kalamein Door?

Different types of doors

Which could be used for doors? a. b. c. d.

Gypsum Ficem Plywood Plaster

Door Jamb - is the vertical portion of the frame onto which a door is secured. The jamb bears the weight of the door through its hinges, and most types of door latches and deadbolts extend into a recess in the doorjamb when engaged, making the "true" (leveling) and strength of the doorjambs vitally important to the overall operational durability and security of the door.

Door Ja

Door Closer - is a mechanical device that closes a door, in general after someone opens it, or after it was automatically opened. Choosing a door closer can involve the consideration of a variety of criteria. In addition to the closer's performance in fire situations, other criteria may include resistance to opening forces (for use by disabled or infirm) as well as health, safety, durability, risk of vandalism/ligature and aesthetics.

Door

Clos er

If an Architect wants a door to look like part of the wood paneling on the walls, what type of hinge should be specified? a. b. c. d.

Invisible Hinge Piano Hinge Pivot Hinge Hinge Joint

What type of door gives the most amount of opening? (Sliding with side wall pockets)

What should you do when the door jamb is too large for the door?

A built-up frame of high quality construction was installed for a door frame. Upon installation, it was noticed that there is a gap of about 10mm. How would you remedy this? a. Move the frame by reconstruction of the opening b. Add a suitable sized plate on the gap attached to one frame c. Use an astragal d. All of these

A wooden two-leafed louvered door is to be installed in the doorway of a utility room. However, when the doors were measured it turned out that the doorway was bigger and that the leaves would not meet in the middle. There is a problem in installing the lock, but the workmanship of the door was above standard. What is the best possible solution for this? a. Install a solid wood strip on the door frames equal to the gap b. Install an astragal c. Adjust the jambs

A type of Door knob commonly used in Hotel rooms that can be locked/unlocked on either side. Choose from the given illustrations. What do you call the beam on top of the door?

Questions about Locks, Keys, Knobs and Deadbolts using illustrations and different situations.

What is a Dutch Door? A door divided horizontally in such a fashion that the bottom half may remain shut while the top half opens. The initial purpose of this door was to keep animals out of farmhouses, while allowing light and air to filter through the open top. Later modifications included doors where both halves can be closed or opened together.

Dutch Doo

It is the horizontal distance from the face of a lock or latch to the center of the keyhole, knob or block cylinder. a. Inset b. Backset c. Onset

It is found above doors and windows a. b. c. d.

Grade Beam Lintel Beam Jamb Beam Window Beam

Cripple Stud – A type of stud that is used above a door or above or beneath a window. They aren’t very different from other studs except that they are cut shorter so there is room for the opening.

It is a Hinge used for Frameless Glass Doors

A type of hinge with removable pin

Advantage of an Aluminum Door over a Wooden Door

Turnstile - also called a baffle gate, is a form of gate which allows one person to pass at a time. It can also be made so as to enforce one-way traffic of people, and in addition, it can restrict passage only to people who insert a coin, a ticket, a pass, or similar. Thus a turnstile can be used in the case of paid access (sometimes called a fare gate when used for this purpose), for example public transport as a ticket barrier or a pay toilet, or to restrict access to authorized people, for example in the lobby of an office building.

Turnstil e

Which is NOT part of a lockset? a. b. c. d.

Knob Escutcheon Striking Plate Hasp

Barrel Bolt - A rod-shaped bolt for fastening a door or the like, attached to one side of the door at the edge and sliding into a socket on the frame of the opening.

Parts of a Lock Set

What is NOT a part of a sliding door? a. b. c. d.

Roller Mortise Hinge Hanger Jamb

What is added to the jamb of a door to allow it to swing ONE direction only?

It is an Ornamental Plate around Keyhole

or Protective

Where do you place a door stopper to prevent the door from hitting the wall?

a. b. c. d.

Door Jamb Floor Wall Panel

What do you call a door stopper? a. b. c. d.

Muntin Mullion Astragal Vaciada

What door is used operating rooms? a. b. c. d.

in

Double door, double swing Double door, single swing Single door, out swing Single door, in swing

hospital

Identify the figure a. b. c. d.

Folding Door Pass-by Door Panel Door Accordion Door

When a solid wooden door is installed where the exterior side is cold and the interior side temperature different, what was the prime consideration? a. b. c. d.

Strength Dimensional Stability Thermal Insulation Heat Absorbent

Weatherstrip – is used to prevent air leakage at the parts of an operable window that move.

What do you use when there’s a difference in the room elevation and the corridor? a. b. c. d.

Threshold Weatherstrip Gap Barometer

What is used between 2 different materials at the door entry? a. b. c. d.

Threshold Weathership Gap Step

Given a set of door illustrations, which type does not need hinges? a. b. c. d.

Accordion Door Swing Door Sliding Door Bi-fold Door

A type of bolt which can be accessed at one side only. a. b. c. d.

Dead Bolt Flush Bolt Barrel Bolt Lockset

Which is NOT a Hardware that supports a door? a. b. c. d.

Pivot Hinge Jamb Floor Flange Lockset

What is used in a Hospital Door? a. b. c. d.

Gravity Hinge Double Action Hinge Vertical Spring Hinge Pivot Hinge

In a heavy metal panel door, what is the most appropriate to use so that the door will automatically close without pushing or pulling?

a. b. c. d.

Gravity Hinge Door Closer Key Operated Lock Automated Door Controller