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March 17, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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L@ M[EAKU @H EL]KYLODK K L@ JODU]O@@O EK@@H AKZULODK @h elrkzlodk e“lbprksh ã ud httlvltç el ektkrbldhzlodk el omlkttlvl strhtkaljl ( h

bkelo/`udao tkrbldk) k opkrhtlvl (mrkvk tkrbldk), dk``'ldelvleuhzlodk ekl projkssl k eka`l strubkdtl (strhtkalk, plhdl, mueakt) pkr l` rhaaludalbkdto eka`l omlkttlvl k dk` jodtro``o ekl rlsu`thtl. L` jodtro``o el akstlodk  ã l` projksso httrhvkrso l` quh`k a`l orahdl hzlkdeh`l

eknldlsjodo a`l omlkttlvl el mrkvk pkrloeo eh pkrskaulrk, rhaaludaodo ud hjjoreo su``'utl`lzzo k su``h elstrlmuzlodk ek``k rlsorsk elspodlml`l. @h elrkzlodk k l` jodtro``o el akstlodk sodo euk bobkdtl el ud udljo projksso elrkzlodh`k. L` projksso el elrkzlodk k jodtro``o el akstlodk sl hrtljo`h skjodeo elvkrsk nhsl9 ➕ Eknldlzlodk eka`l omlkttlvl akdkrh`l6 ➕ Ldelvleuh`lzzhzlodk ek``k `ldkk el hzlodk pkr l` rhaaludalbkdto eka`l omlkttlvl6 ➕ Ztksurh ekl plhdl k proarhbbl6 ➕ ]kportlda9 httlvltç josthdtk el rl`kvhzlodk k orahdlzzhzlodk ekl rlsu`thtl6 ➕ ]lsjodtro9 jodnrodto ekl rlsu`thtl jodsudtlvl k ekl rkport jod l vh`orl el mueakt6 sjosthbkdtl pkr ldelvleuhrk jhusk ke ke kvkdtuh`l rkspodsh rkspodshml`ltç6 ml`ltç6 ➕  Hdh`lsl eka`l sjosthbkdtl ➕ Ldtkrvkdtl el rkttlnljh, slh dkl jodnrodtl eka`l omlkttlvl slh ekl proarhbbl, h``h `ujk ek` bhdjhto rhaaludalbkdto prkjkekdtk. @H WLHDLNLJHYLODK K @H W]OA]HBBHYLODK

@h plhdlnljhzlodk ã l` projksso httrhvkrso l` quh`k sl eknldlsjodo a`l omlkttlvl el bkelo/`udao pkrloeo k sl ldelvleuhdo `k hzlodl k a`l strubkdtl pkr rhaaludakr`l. (KZ. elvkdthrk `khekr el bkrjhto, hubkdthrk l` rkeelto el udh jkrth pkrjkdtuh`k, rlkdtrhrk eh``k pkreltk) @o sjopo ek``h plhdlnljhzlodk pkrbkttkrk h``'lbprksh l` bla`lor snrutthbkdto posslml`k ek``h suh potkdzlh`ltç pkr rhaaludakrk l rlsu`thtl ldeljhtl jobk omlkttlvl. @h plhdlnljhzlodk sl hrtljo`h su euk `lvk``l9 8. Wlhdlnljhzlodk a`omh`k, jck rlauhreh `'lbprksh dk` suo jobp`ksso =. Wlhdlnljhzlodk skttorlh`k, jck rlauhreh sldao`l skttorl k nudzlodl hzlkdeh`l   @h plhdlnljhzlodk sl rlnkrlsjk h ud pkrloeo el : o, plü rhrhbkdtk, el ; hddl. @'hrtljo`hzlodk h mrkvk tkrbldk ek``h plhdlnljhzlodk sl jclhbh proarhbbhzlodk. ]lauhreh a`l omlkttlvl h mrkvk tkrbldk httrhvkrso `h rkehzlodk ek` mueakt kjodobljo.

 

@k nhsl ek``h plhdlnljhzlodk sodo9 ➕ Eknldlzlodk eka`l omlkttlvl ➕ Eknldlzlodk ek``k `ldkk e“hzlodk ➕ Zjk`th ek``h strhtkalh ➕ Orahdlzzhrk l` jodtro``o ekl rhaaludalbkdtl eka`l omlkttlvl ➕ Urheuzlodk eka`l omlkttlvl k ek``k strhtkalk ld strubkdtl opkrhtlvl ekttha`lhtl9 l plhdl, l proarhbbl k l mueakt. L@ JODU]O@@O EL AKZULODK

L` slstkbh el jodtro``o ã rhpprkskdthto eh ud ldslkbk el projkeurk pkr bkzzo ek``k quh`l `'lbprksh vkrlnljh l` rhaaludalbkdto eka`l omlkttlvl k `'lbplkao ottlbh`k ek``k rlsorsk hzlkdeh`l. L` jodtro``o rhpprkskdth `h nhsk sujjksslvh h``h plhdlnljhzlodk k h``h akstlodk sl hrtljo`h ld euk nhsl9 8. ^krlnljh ^krlnljh ek` rhaaludalbk rhaaludalbkdto dto eka eka`l`l omlkttl omlkttlvl vl pkr bkzzo ek``h ek``h ektk ektkrbldhz rbldhzlodk lodk eka`l sjosthbkdtl trh l rlsu`thtl knnkttlvl rlsu`thtl httksl6 ã l` josleektto jodtro``o el knnljhjlh. =. ^krlnljh ^krlnljh ek` jodsubo jodsubo el rls rlsorsk orsk ã l` jos josleekt leektto to jodtro``o jodtro``o el knnlj knnljlkdzh lkdzh L` jodtro``kr ã l` rkspodshml`k ek` jodtro``o el akstlodk. Nh phrtk ek``“httlvltç el jodtro``o el akstlodk `“hdh`lsl eka`l sjosthb sjosthbkdtl kdtl ã ud'httlvltç jck vh`uth `k jhusk ek``k elnnkrkdzk trh rlsu`thtl prkvlstl k rlsu`thtl knnkttlvl. A`l sjosthbkdtl elpkdeodo eh``h quhdtltç k ehl jostl/prkzzl. Ojjorrk eudquk hdh`lzzhrk ld jck blsurh `o sjosthbkdto a`omh`k elpkdek eh qukstk euk vhrlhml`l. L@ M[EAKU

à `'ldslkbk ekl eojubkdtl ld jul sl ldelvleuhdo a`l omlkttlvl el mrkvk tkrbldk k `k rlsorsk utl`lzzhml`l. L` mueakt skrvk pkr tuttk `k nudzlodl hzlkdeh`l ↝ jck sodo ldjkdtrhtk k botlvhtk, possodo proarhbbhrk bka`lo `h `oro httlvltç, jooreldhrsl trh `oro. L` eojubkdto jck sldtktlzzh `h proarhbbhzlodk ã l` mueakt opkrhtlvo el kskrjlzlo , jck jodnlaurh `h sltuhzlodk phtrlbodlh`k k `h sltuhzlodk kjodobljh proarhbbhth pkr `'kskrjlzlo sujjksslvo. Wkr k`hmorhrk l` mueakt sodo dkjksshrl l jostl sthdehre , ovvkro jostl lpotktljl.

L` mueakt prkskdth trk hrtljo`hzlodl9

 

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ã `h rlsu`thdtk ekl sldao`l mueakt skttorlh`l, hrtljo`htl su mhsk hdduh`k o ldnrhdduh`k. Oadl lbprksh puý hrtljo`hrk hrtl jo`hrk l proprl mueakt skjodeo phrtljo`hrl kslakdzk orahdlzzhtlvk, el proarhbbhzlodk k el jodtro``o. L vh`orl ek` mueakt kjodobljo possodo ksskr ksskrk k rlhssudtl ld udh sltuhzlodk kjodobljh, hrtljo`htk ld norbh `lmkrh. M[EAKU EKA@L LD^KZULBKDUL ↝ Zl trhtth ek` mueakt jck sl ojjuph ek``k eknldlzlodk k ek``'haalordhbkdto ek``h strutturh hzlkdeh`k, pkr bkzzo ek``'lbposthzlodk el plhdl el hjqulslzlodk k el rlddovhbkdto ek``k lbboml`lzzhzlodl. M[EAKU NLDHDYLH]LO ↝ Ch jobk oaaktto `h prkvlslodk rlauhrehdtk `h akstlodk ek``h tksorkrlh. M[EAKU KJODOBLJO ↝

 Zodo prkskdtl h`trl tlpl el mueakt9 ↝ Mueakt h ‐ mhsk Ykro ‐ 9 dod tlkdk jodto ekl jostl sthdehre, quldel ã udh tkjdljh bo`to rlsjclosh. ↝ Mueakt n`ksslml`k lpotlzzh elvkrsk sltuhzlodl el vkdelth k proeuzlodk.

L@ M[EAKU KJODOBLJO

L` Mueakt Kjodobljo ã `h rlsu`thdtk ekl mueakt skttorlh`l jck vkdaodo rkehttl skjodeo udh prkjlsh skqukdzh `oaljh. M[EAKU EK@@K ^KDELUK  

M[EAKU EK@@H W]OE[YLODK M[EAKU EK@@K BHUK]LK

M[EAKU  KJODOBLJO

M[EAKU HWW]O^^LALODHBKDUL/  HJX[LZULL  HJX[LZU M[EAKU EK@@H BHDOEOWK]H EL]KUUH  M[EAKU EK@@K ]LBHDKDYK/ ZJO]UK

L` prlbo mueakt h ksskrk prkelsposto ã l` mueakt ek``k vkdeltk, eh jul elpkdekdeod elpkdekdeodo o `k h`trk sjk`tk ek``“lbprksh, jck ekvk eknldlrk `h ` h suh strutturh k `h suh jhphjltç proeuttlvh rlspktto h` vo`ubk el vkdeltk prkvlstk. Wkr jlhsjudo proeotto, ojjorrk eknldlrk `h quhdtltç eh vkdekrk, jck ekvk hvkrk ud rlnkrlbkdto tkbporh`k (bksk, trlbkstrk, quherlbkstrk), elpkdek eh` arheo el hdh`lsl hsskadhto h` mueakt. Bo`to lbporthdtk ã `h nlsshzlodk ekl prkzzl el vkdelth prkvlstl k mlsoadh eknldlrk hdjck `k quhdtltç.

 

Elrktthbkdtk jo``kahto h` mueakt ek``k vkdeltk ã l`  mueakt ek``h proeuzlodk, ld jul `h quhdtltç eh proeurrk vlkdk hrtljo`hth jod rlnkrlbkdtl el pkrloeo ek``'hddo. Dk` jh`jo`o ojjorrk tkdkr tkdkr jodto ek``k po`ltljck ek``k sj sjortk ortk (kslstkdzk ldlzlh`l k rlbhdkdzk nldh`l) el proeottl nldltl. quhdtltç eh proeurrk proeurrk 2 vkdeltk p proarhbbhtk roarhbbhtk + rlbhdkdzk nldh`l el proeottl kslstkdzk ldlzlh`l el proeottl L` mueakt ek``k bhtkrlk prkvkek `h quhdtltç el bhtkrlk eh hjqulsthrk ld nudzlodk ek``h quhdtltç eh proeurrk ek``k rlbhdkdzk nldh`l jck sl voa`lodo k ek``k kslstkdzk ldlzlh`l jck alç sodo ld bhahzzldo. L` mueakt eka`l hjqulstl o hpprovvlalod hpprovvlalodhbkdtl hbkdtl nlssh l quhdtlthtlvl el bhtkrlk prlbk k bhtkrlk el jodsubo jck ekvodo ksskrk hjqulsthtl. quhdtltç eh hjqulsthrk 2 nhmmlsoado el bhtkrlk + rlbhdkdzk nldh`l el bhtkrlk kslstkdzk ldlzlh`l el bhtkrlk L` mueakt bhdoeopkrh sl ldelvleuh quhdtk ork el bhdoeopkrh skrvodo pkr proeurrk ud proeotto, ã l` josto orhrlo k `h quhdtltç eh proeurrk. L` mueakt ek``k sjortk rl`kvh `h vhrlhzlodk ek``k rlbhdkdzk el bhtkrlk prlbk k ekl proeottl nldltl ã ldelspkdshml`k pkr `“k`hmorhzlodk ek` mueakt kjodobljo. Ldnldk, sodo prkskdtl l` mueakt ekl jostl akdkrh`l  (jostl el proeuzlodk, hbbldlstrhzlodk k elstrlmuzlodk), l` mueakt eka`l odkrl nldhdzlhrl k l` mueakt eka`l odkrl k ekl provkdtl elvkrsl. L` mueakt kjodobljo ch `o sjopo el jodnlaurhrk ld hdtljlpo `h sltuhzlodk kjodobljh ek``'kskrjlzlo ek``'lbprksh. L ehtl dkjksshrl `'k`hmorhzlodk mueakt kjodobljo vkdaodo nordltl ehl mueakt skttorlh`l ld phrtkpkr eha`l h`trl mueakt ek` phrh``k`l. [dh ek``k ldnorbhzlodl plü lbporthdtl ek` mueakt kjodobljo k `h eknldlzlodk ek` rlsu`thto kjodobljo ek``'kskrjlzlo prkvlsto9 `'utl`k vlkdk ldeljhto h` `oreo ã h` dktto ek``k lbpostk.

JHZO HYLKDEH@K 9

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