@^V64==
Bhrnwhri Bhrnwhr i Nisf Nisfrdptdkg rdptdkg Dssui
=>
Nhti
0=0=-80-04
BYH_ID ^IFBGKEKODIV FK., E^N.
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn. 0=08. Hee rdobts risirvin. Gk phrt kc tbds nkfuaigt ahy `i riprknufin kr trhgsadttin trhgsadttin dg hgy ckra kr `y hgy aihgs wdtbkut prdkr wrdttig fkgsigt kc Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
^rhniahrls hgn ]iradssdkgs hgn ktbir Buhwid trhniahrls hri trhniahrls kc Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn. Hee ktbir trhniahrls hgn trhni ghais aigtdkgin dg tbds nkfuaigt hri tbi prkpirty kc tbidr rispiftdvi bkenirs.
Gktdfi ^bi purfbhsin prknufts, sirvdfis hgn cihturis hri stdpuehtin `y tbi fkgtrhft ahni `itwiig Buhwid hgn tbi fustkair. fustkair. Hee kr phrt kc tbi prknufts, sirvdfis hgn cihturis nisfrd`in dg tbds nkfuaigt ahy gkt `i wdtbdg tbi purfbhsi sfkpi kr tbi ushoi sfkpi. Ygeiss ktbirwdsi spifdin spifdin dg dg tbi fkgtrhft, hee sthtiaigts, dgckrahtdkg, hgn rifkaaignhtdkgs dg tbds nkfuaigt hri prkvdnin "HV DV" wdtbkut whrrhgtdis, ouhrhgtiis kr riprisigthtdkgs kc hgy ldgn, idtbir ixpriss kr dapedin. ^bi dgckrahtdkg dg tbds nkfuaigt ds su`jift tk fbhgoi wdtbkut gktdfi. Iviry ickrt ickrt bhs bhs `iig ahni dg tbi priphrhtdkg priphr htdkg kc tbds nkfuaigt tk igsuri hffurhfy kc tbi fkgtigts, `ut hee sthtiaigts, dgckrahtdkg, hgn rifkaaignhtdkgss dg tbds nkfuaigt nk gkt fkgstdtuti h whrrhgty kc hgy ldgn, ixpriss kr dapedin. rifkaaignhtdkg
Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn. Hnnriss:
Buhwid Dgnustrdhe @hsi @hgtdhg, Ekgoohgo Vbigzbig 982804 ]ikpei's Pipu`edf kc Fbdgh
_i`sdti:
bttps://www.buhwid.fka
Iahde:
suppkrtMbuhwid.fka
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
d
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Fkgtigts
Fkgtigts 8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg............................................................................................8 8.8 Fbhgois dg @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg...................................................................................................................6 8.0 Ixtirdkrs kc @^V64= @^V64== = Fh`dgits....... Fh`dgits.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................... ..................... ..................... ..................... .................. ....... > 8.6 Fkapkgigts dg @^V64== Fh`dgits.....................................................................................................................................9 8.> Igodgiirdgo Vpifdfhtdkgs Vpifdfhtdkgs kc Fh`dgits ckr @^V64== @hsi Vthtdkgs........ Vthtdkgs.................. ..................... ..................... ..................... ..................... ...................88 .........88
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
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dd
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Kvirvdiw @^V64== fh`dgits hppey tk @^V64== `hsi sthtdkgs. @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg ahdgey nisfrd`is tbi ixtirdkrs, fkgourhtdkgs, fkgourhtdkgs, hgn hgn igodgiirdgo spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc tbi fh`dgits. ^bi PC aknueis ckr ndstrd`utin `hsi sthtdkgs dg tbds nkfuaigt dgfeuni PPYs hgn HHYs. ^bi hppedfhtdkg sfighrdks, pkwir ndstrd`utdkg sfbiais, fh`ei fkggiftdkgs, hgn fh`ei dgstheehtdkg kc tbi PPYs hgn HHYs hri tbi shai. ^bi ckeekwdgo usis tbi PPYs hs hg ixhapei. ^bi ixtirdkrs kc fkapkgigts kr fh`eis dg tbds nkfuaigt hri ckr ricirigfi kgey kgey.. ^bi hftuhe ixtirdkrs ahy `i ndcirigt. GK^ GK ^
○ Yg Ygei eiss ss kt ktbi birw rwds dsi i spifdin, spifdin, dg dg tbds nkfuaigt, E^I hgn iGkni@ hewhys dgfeuni CNN, G@-Dk^, hgn ^NN. Dg sfighrdks wbiri tbiy giin tk `i ndstdgoudsbin, E^I CNN, E^I G@-Dk^, hgn E^I ^NN hri usin. ^bi shai rueis hppey tk iGkni@. ○ Yg Ygei eiss ss kt ktbi birw rwds dsi i spifdin, spifdin, dg dg tbds nkfuaigt, GP hgn oGkni@ hewhys dgfeuni CNN hgn ^NN. Dg sfighrdks wbiri tbiy giin tk `i ndstdgoudsbin, nd stdgoudsbin, GP CNN hgn GP ^NN hri usin. ^bi shai rueis hppey tk oGkni@. ○ Dg nkfuaigt, igt, "O" ds ckr sbkr sbkrt t ckrDgOVA, "Y "Y"" ckr YA^V , "E" ckr E^I E^I CNN "^" ckr E^I ^NN , "A" ckrtbds E^Inkfua E^I G@-Dk^, hgn "G" GP. hnndtdkg, "G YA^V, (CNN)" ds sbkrt ckrCNN, GP ,CNN hgnE^I "G ^NN, (^NN)" ds sbkrt ckr GP ^NN. ○ Ckr n nith ithdes des h` h`kut kut tbi tbi Eha EhapVd pVdti ti skeutd skeutdkg, kg, si sii i EhapVdti @hsi Vthtdkg Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg . ○ Ckr nit nithdes hdes h`kut h`kut tbi pkwir rriqudr iqudriaigts iaigts h hgn gn pkwir ndstrd`utdk ndstrd`utdkg g sfbiais kc @^V64= @^V64== = fh`dgits, sii fkrrispkgndgo "]kwir Piqudriaigts" hgn "]kwir Ndstrd`utdkg Vfbiais" siftdkgs dg `hsi sthtdkg aknie siftdkgs.
]rknuft Sirsdkgs ^bi ckeekwdgo th`ei edsts tbi prknuft virsdkgs riehtin tk tbds nkfuaigt. ]rknuft Ghai
Vkeutdkg Sirsdkg
]rknuft Sirsdkg
64== sirdis `hsi sthtdkgs
VPHG2.= hgn ehtir
S8==P==2F== hgn ehtir
94== sirdis `hsi sthtdkgs Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
8
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Ygeiss ktbirwdsi spifdin, spifdin, fh`dgits, fh`dgits, fkapkgigts, hgn PH^s dgvkevin dg tbds nkfuaigt hri suppkrtin dg S8==P==2F== hgn ehtir virsdkgs. ^bi ckeekwdgo th`ei edsts tbi spifdhe fhsis. Dtia
Vkeutdkg Sirsdkg
]rknuft Sirsdkg
@@Y648=
VPHG4.=/O@VV83.=/ PHG83.=/iPHG?.=/iPHG ^NN ?.= hgn ehtir
S8==P==4F== hgn ehtir
○ I]Y=0N
VPHG80.8/
[email protected]/ PHG84.8/iPHG80.8/ iPHG ^NN 80.8 hgn ehtir
S8==P=80F8= hgn ehtir
NFNY83N
VPHG89.8/
[email protected]/ PHG08.8/iPHG89.8/ iPHG ^NN 89.8 hgn ehtir
S8==P=89F8= hgn ehtir
I]Y=0V
VPHG83.=/O@VV00.=/ PHG00.=/iPHG83.=/ iPHG ^NN 83.= hgn ehtir
S8==P=83F== hgn ehtir
○ I]Y=0@
VPHG83.8/
[email protected]/ PHG00.8/iPHG83.8/ iPHG ^NN 83.8 hgn ehtir
S8==P=83F8= hgn ehtir
VPHG8?.=/O@VV06.=/ PHG06.=/iPHG8?.=/ iPHG ^NN 8?.= hgn ehtir
S8==P=8?F== hgn ehtir
○ I]Y=0N-=0
○ I]Y=0V-=0 NFNY83N-=0
Dgtignin Hundigfi ^bds nkfuaigt ds dgtignin ckr: ○
Vystia igodgiirs
○
@h @hsi si stht sthtdkg dkg dgst dgsthe heeh ehtd tdkg kg ig igod odgi giir irss
○
Vd Vdti ti ahd ahdg gtigh tighg gfi igo igodg dgii iirs rs
Krohgdzhtdkg 8.8 Fbhgois dg @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg ^bds siftdkg nisfrd`is tbi fbhgois dg @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg . 8.0 Ixtirdkrs kc @^V64== Fh`dgits ^bi @^V64== fh`dgit ds h virtdfhe fh`dgit hgn dts nisdog fkapedis wdtb tbi DIF04? sthgnhrn. 8.6 Fkapkgigts dg @^V64== Fh`dgits ^bds siftdkg nisfrd`is aknueis hgn `khrns fkgourin fkgourin dg dg @^V64== fh`dgits.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
0
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8.8 Fbhgois dg @^V64== Bhrnw Bhrnwhri hri Nisfrdptdkg ^bds siftdkg nisfrd`is tbi fbhgois dg @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg .
=> (0=0=-80-04) ^bds ds tbi ckurtb fkaairfdhe rieihsi. Fkaphrin wdtb Dssui =6 (0=0=-8=-8=), tbds dssui nkis gkt dgfeuni hgy giw tkpdfs kr ixfeuni hgy tkpdfs. Fkaphrin wdtb Dssui =6 (0=0=-8=-8=), (0=0=-8 =-8=), tbds dssui dgfeunis tbi ckeekwdgo fbhgois. ^kpdf
Fbhgoi Nisfrdptdkg
Igtdri nkfuaigt
Nieitin nisfrdptdkgs kc tbi @^V64== (Sir.@), (Sir .@), CHG, hgn I]V0>V>28==NF.
=6 (0=0=-8=-8=) ^bds ds tbi tbdrn fkaairfdhe rieihsi. Fkaphrin wdtb Dssui =0 (0=0=-=?-68), tbds dssui nkis gkt dgfeuni hgy giw tkpdfs kr ixfeuni hgy tkpdfs. Fkaphrin wdtb wdtb Dssui =0 (0=0=-=?-68), tbds dssui dgfeunis dgfeunis tbi ckeekwdgo fbhgois. ^kpdf
Fbhgoi Nisfrdptdkg
8.6 Fkapkgigts dg @^V64== Fh`dgits
Nieitin tbi NFNY83N-=0V nisfrdptdkg.
=0 (0=0=-=?-68) ^bds ds tbi sifkgn fkaairfdhe rieihsi. Fkaphrin wdtb Dssui =8 (0=0=-=8-0=), tbds dssui nkis gkt dgfeuni hgy giw tkpdfs kr ixfeuni hgy tkpdfs. Fkaphrin wdtb Dssui =8 (0=0=-=8-0=), (0=0=-=8 -0=), tbds dssui dgfeunis tbi ckeekwdgo fbhgois. ^kpdf
Fbhgoi Nisfrdptdkg
8.6 Fkapkgigts dg @^V64== Fh`dgits
Hnnin tbi nisfrdptdkgs kc NFNY83N-=0 hgn NFNY83N-=0V.
=8 (0=0=-=8-0=) ^bds ds tbi rst rst fkaairfdhe fkaairfdhe rieihsi. Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
6
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
^bds nkfuaigt ds siphrhtin crka tbi 64== & 94== Virdis @hsi Vthtdkg Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg nkfuaigt nkfuaigt hgn dts fkgtigt nirdvis crka tbi siftdkg "@^V64== Fh`dgit Nisfrdptdkg." Fkaphrin wdtb tbi siftdkg "@^V64== Fh`dgit Nisfrdptdkg" dg 64== & 94== Virdis @hsi Vthtdkg Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg kc kc Dssui 82 (0=84-=6-09), tbds dssui nkis gkt dgfeuni hgy giw tkpdfs kr fbhgois, kr ixfeuni hgy tkpdfs. @ickri tbi siphrhtdkg, fkaphrin wdtb Dssui 8? (0=82-80-68), Dssui 82 (0=84-=6-09) nkis gkt dgfeuni hgy giw tkpdfs kr fbhgois, kr ixfeuni hgy tkpdfs.
8.0 Ixtirdkrs kc @^V64== Fh`dgits ^bi @^V64== fh`dgit ds h virtdfhe fh`dgit hgn dts nisdog fkapedis wdtb tbi DIF04? sthgnhrn.
Ixtirdkr ^bi ckeekwdgo ouri ouri sbkws sbkws tbi ixtirdkrs kc @^V64== (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits. GK^ GK ^
H @^V64== (Sir.F) (Sir.F) HF fh`dgit fh`d git bhs tbi shai ixtirdkr hs h NF fh`dgit, wbirihs h @^V64== (Sir.N) HF fh`dgit bhs h ndcirigt ndcirigt ixtirdkr ixtirdkr crka h NF fh`dgit.
Cdouri 8-8 Ixtirdkrs 8-8 Ixtirdkrs kc @^V64== fh`dgits
Ndaigsdkgs ^bi ckeekwdgo ouri ouri sbkws sbkws tbi ndaigsdkgs kc @^V64== (Sir.F) (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits. GK^ GK ^
^bi ndaigsdkgs kc h @^V64== (Sir (Sir.F) .F) fh`dgit hri tbi shai hs tbksi k kcc h @^V64== (Sir.N) (Sir.N) NF fh`dgit. ^bi ckeekwdgo ouri ouri usis usis h @^V64== (Sir (Sir.N) .N) NF fh`dgit hs hg ixhapei.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
>
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Cdouri 8-0 Ndaigsdkgs 8-0 Ndaigsdkgs kc @^V64== fh`dgits
8.6 Fkapkgigts dg @^V64== Fh`dgits ^bds siftdkg nisfrd`is aknueis hgn `khrns fkgourin fkgourin dg dg @^V64== fh`dgits.
Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.F) Fh`dgit ^bi ckeekwdgo ouri ouri sbkws sbkws tbi fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir (Sir.F) .F) fh`dgit.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
9
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Cdouri 8-6 Fkapkgigts 8-6 Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir (Sir.F) .F) fh`dgit
^bi ckeekwdgo th`ei edsts tbi fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.F) (Sir.F) fh`dgit. ^h`ei 8-8 Fkapkgigts 8-8 Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.F) (Sir.F) fh`dgit Gk.
Fkapk gigt
Ahgnhtk ry/ Kptdkghe
Ahxdau a Xuhgtdty dg h Fh`dgit
Piahrls
8
Cdeeir phgie (PCY)
Kptdkghe
-
H eeir eeir phgie phgie aust `i dgstheein dg ihfb vhfhgt sekt dg tbi PCY su`rhfl tk igsuri prkpir vigtdehtdkg kc tbi fh`dgit.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
3
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Gk.
Fkapk gigt
Ahgnhtk ry/ Kptdkghe
Ahxdau a Xuhgtdty dg h Fh`dgit
Piahrls
0
PCY
Ahgnhtkr
3
Hg PCY aknuehtis hgn
y
niaknuehtis `hsi`hgn sdoghes hgn PC sdoghes, prkfissis nhth, hgn fka`dgis hgn ndvdnis sdoghes. Ckr nithdes, sii PCY Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg. H @^V64== (Sir.F) suppkrts tbi ckeekwdgo PCYs: APCY, APCYn, APCYi, NPCY, OPCY, _PCY, _PCYh, _PCYn, _PCYi, EPCY, EPCYi, FPCYn, hgn FPCYi.
6
CHG =6@
Ahgnhtkr y
8
H CHG =6@ ndssdphtis biht crka tbi fh`dgit. ^bi CHG =6@ ds fkgourin wdtb fkgourin wdtb tbi CAYI, wbdfb akgdtkrs tbi chgs hgn ripkrts hehras.
>
Cdeeir phgie ht tbi hdr dgthli vigt
Ahgnhtkr y
8
^bds aknuei ds dgstheein dg tbi hdr dgthli vigt.
9
@@Y
Ahgnhtkr y
8
H @@Y prkfissis `hsi`hgn sdoghes hgn igh`eis tbi `hsi sthtdkg tk dgtirhft wdtb tbi `hsi sthtdkg fkgtrkeeir. Ckr nithdes, sii tbi fkrrispkgndgo @@Y bhrnwhr bhrnwhri i nisfrdptdkg. Ckr ixhapei, ckr tbi @@Y94==, sii @@Y94== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg. ^bi @@Ys hppedfh`ei tk h @^V64== (Sir.F) (Sir .F) dgfeuni tbi @@Y64== hgn @@Y94==.
3
NFNY88H
Ahgnhtkr y
8
Dt ndstrd`utis NF pkwir tk ktbir fkapkgigts dg h fh`dgit.
?
^rhgsad ssdkg iqudpa igt
Kptdkghe
-
H 6Y sphfi ds risirvin ckr trhgsadssdkg iqudpaigt prkvdnin `y fustkairs.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
?
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Gk.
Fkapk gigt
Ahgnhtk ry/ Kptdkghe
Ahxdau a Xuhgtdty dg h Fh`dgit
Piahrls
2
I^]>28
Ahgnhtkr
8
Dt fkgvirts 00= S HF sdgoei-pbhsi
9=-H6
y
pkwir pkwir, S HF tbrii-pbhsi pkwir,,, 00= pkwir kr 88= S HF nuhe-edvi-wdri pkwir dgtk ->2 S NF pkwir hgn ciins tbi ->2 S NF pkwir dgtk h NFNY-88H.
Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.N) Fh`dgit ^bi ckeekwdgo ouri ouri sbkws sbkws tbi fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir (Sir.N) .N) fh`dgit. Cdouri 8-> Fkapkgigts 8-> Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit
^bi ckeekwdgo th`ei edsts tbi fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.N) (Sir.N) fh`dgit.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
2
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
^h`ei 8-0 Fkapkgigts 8-0 Fkapkgigts dg h @^V64== (Sir.N) (Sir.N) fh`dgit Gk.
Fkapk gigt
Ahgnhtk ry/ Kptdkghe
Ahxdau a Xuhgtdty dg h Fh`dgit
Piahrls
8
Cdeeir phgie (PCY)
Kptdkghe
-
H eeir eeir phgie phgie aust `i dgstheein dg ihfb vhfhgt sekt dg tbi PCY su`rhfl tk igsuri prkpir vigtdehtdkg kc tbi fh`dgit.
0
PCY
Ahgnhtkr y
3
Hg PCY aknuehtis hgn niaknuehtis `hsi`hgn sdoghes hgn PC sdoghes, prkfissis nhth, hgn fka`dgis hgn ndvdnis sdoghes. Ckr nithdes, sii PCY Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg. H @^V64== (Sir.N) suppkrts tbi ckeekwdgo PCYs: APCY, APCYn, APCYi, NPCY, OPCY, _PCY, _PCYh, _PCYn, _PCYi, EPCY, EPCYi, FPCYn, hgn FPCYi.
6
CHG =6F
Ahgnhtkr y
8
H CHG =6F ndssdphtis biht crka tbi fh`dgit. ^bi CHG =6F ds fkgourin wdtb fkgourin wdtb tbi chg akgdtkrdgo ugdt typi IH (CAYIH), wbdfb akgdtkrs tbi chgs hgn ripkrts hehras.
>
Cdeeir phgie ht tbi hdr dgthli vigt
Ahgnhtkr y
8
^bds aknuei ds dgstheein dg tbi hdr dgthli vigt.
9
@@Y
Ahgnhtkr y
0
H @@Y prkfissis `hsi`hgn sdoghes hgn igh`eis tbi `hsi sthtdkg tk dgtirhft wdtb tbi `hsi sthtdkg fkgtrkeeir. Ckr nithdes, sii tbi fkrrispkgndgo @@Y bhrnwhr bhrnwhri i nisfrdptdkg. Dc twk @@Ys hri fkgourin, fkgourin, tbi tbi sifkgn @@Y ds dgstheein dg tbi 0Y sphfi ugnir tbi NFNY-80H. ^bi @@Ys hppedfh`ei tk h @^V64== (Sir.N) (Sir .N) dgfeuni tbi @@Y94==, @@Y648=, hgn @@Y64==.
3
NFNY80H
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Ahgnhtkr y
8
Dt ndstrd`utis NF pkwir tk ktbir fkapkgigts dg h fh`dgit.
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
4
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Gk.
Fkapk gigt
Ahgnhtk ry/ Kptdkghe
Ahxdau a Xuhgtdty dg h Fh`dgit
Piahrls
?
@@Y
Kptdkghe
-
H 0Y sphfi ds risirvin ckr h @@Y.
2
NFNY80@/ NFNY8 3N/ NFNY8 3N-=0/ I]Y=0 N/ I]Y=0 N-=0/ I]Y=0@ / I]Y=0V /
Kptdkghe
8
_big tbi `hsi sthtdkg ds fkgourin wdtb fkgourin wdtb PCYs hgn PPYs, tbi 8Y sphfi fhg bkusi h NFNY-80@/NFNY83N/ NFNY83N-=0 h kr I]Y=0N/ I]Y=0N-=0/I]Y=0@/I]Y=0V/ I]Y=0V-=0. H NFNY-80@/ NFNY83N/NFNY83N-=0 prkvdnis ->2 S NF pkwir ckr PPYs, hgn hg I]Y=0N/I]Y=0N-=0/I]Y=0@/ I]Y=0V/I]Y=0V-=0 prkvdnis -9? S NF pkwir ckr PPYs.
I]Y=0V -=0 4
^rhgsad ssdkg iqudpa igt
Kptdkghe
-
H 8Y sphfi ds risirvin ckr trhgsadssdkg iqudpaigt prkvdnin `y fustkairs.
8=
Cdeeir phgie
Kptdkghe
-
H eeir eeir phgie phgie ds dgstheein dg ihfb vhfhgt sekt ckr h ]VY (P>29=O0).
88
]VY (P>29= O0)
Ahgnhtkr y
9
H ]VY (P>29=O0) fkgvirts 88= S HF kr 00= S HF pkwir dgtk ->2 S NF pkwir pk wir..
80
]AY
Ahgnhtkr
8
H pkwir akgdtkrdgo ugdt 88H
88H
86
y
I]Y=9H Ahgnhtkr -=0 y su`rhfl
(]AY pkwir systia88H) hgn ahghois `httirdis, hakgdtkrs pkwir ndstrd`utdkg, hgn ripkrts hehras. 8
Dt fkgvirts ixtirghe 00= S HF sdgoei-pbhsi pkwir kr 00= S HF tbrii-pbhsi pkwir dgtk ->2 S NF pkwir hgn ciins tbi ->2 S NF pkwir dgtk h NFNY-80H kr NFNY-80@.
h: ^bi ouri ouri usis usis tbi NFNY-80@ hs hg ixhapei.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
8=
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8.> Igodgiirdgo Vpifdcfhtdkgs Vpifdcfhtdkgs kc kc Fh`dgits ckr @^V64== @hsi Vthtdkgs Igodgiirdgo spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc fh`dgits ckr @^V64== `hsi sthtdkgs dgfeuni dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs, spifdfhtdkgs, iqudpaigt iqudpaigt spifdfhtdkgs, spifdfhtdkgs, igvdrkgaigthe igvdrkgaigthe spifdfhtdkgs, spifdfhtdkgs, suroi suroi prktiftdkg spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc pkrts, hgn fkapedhgfi sthgnhrns.
Dgput ]kwir Vpifdcfhtdkgs ^bi @^V64== (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits bhvi ndcirigt ndcirigt dgput dgput pkwir 8-> nisfrd`i tbidr dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs, spifdfhtdkgs. ^h`ei 8-6 hgn spifdfhtdkgs. 8-6 hgn ^h`ei 8-> nisfrd`i rispiftdviey. GK^ GK ^
Ckr tbi riqudriaigts ckr fdrfudt `rihlirs kg fustkair iqudpaigt iqud paigt hgn frkss-siftdkghe hrihs kc pkwir fh`eis dg h @^V64== fh`dgit, sii ]kwir Piqudriaigts kc h @^V64== dg 64== & 94== Virdis @hsi Vthtdkg Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg .
^h`ei 8-6 Dgput 8-6 Dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc h @^V64== (Sir.F) fh`dgit Dtia
Dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs
Vpifdcfhtdkgs
Skethoi Phgoi
->2 S NF
-62.> S NF tk -9? S NF
88= 88= S HF nu nuhe-e -edv dvi i-wdri
P ht i n v vk kethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 8== 8== S HF tk tk 80= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 0== 0== S HF tk tk 0>= S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 4= 4= S H HF F tk tk 869 S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 82= 82= S HF tk tk 0?= S HF
80= 80= S HF nu nuhe-e -edv dvi i-wdri
P ht i n v vk kethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 80= 80= S HF tk tk 80? S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 0=2 0=2 S HF tk tk 00= S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 8=9 8=9 S HF tk tk 89= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 8?3 8?3 S HF tk tk 03= S HF
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
88
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Dtia
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Vpifdcfhtdkgs 00= 00= S HF sdgoei-pbhsi
Skethoi Phgoi Phtin vkethoi: 0= 0== S HF tk 0>= S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: 8?3 S HF tk 04= S HF
00= S HF tbrii-pbhsi
Phtin vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 0== 0== S HF tk tk 0>= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 6>3 6>3 S HF tk tk >89 S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 8?3 8?3 S HF tk tk 04= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 6=> 6=> S HF tk tk 9== S HF
^h`ei 8-> Dgput 8-> Dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc h @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit Dtia Vpifdcfhtdkgs Skethoi Phgoi Dgput pkwir spifdfhtdkgs
->2 S NF
-62.> S NF tk -9? S NF
00= 00= S HF sdgoei-pbhsi
Phtin vkethoi: 0= 0== S HF tk 0>= S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: 8?3 S HF tk 04= S HF
00= S HF tbrii-pbhsi
Phtin vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 0== 0== S HF tk tk 0>= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 6>3 6>3 S HF tk tk >89 S HF Kpirhtdgo vkethoi: ○ ]bhs ]bhsi i vket vketho hoi: i: 8?3 8?3 S HF tk tk 04= S HF ○ Ed Edgi gi vk vket etho hoi: i: 6=> 6=> S HF tk tk 9== S HF
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
80
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Iqudpaigt Vpifdcfhtdkgs ^h`ei 8-9 Iqudpaigt 8-9 Iqudpaigt spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc h @^V64== (Sir.F) fh`dgit Dtia
Vpifdcfhtdkgs
Ndaigsdkgs (B x _ x N)
4== aa x 3== aa x >9= aa (69.>6 dg.
_idobt
x 06.30 dg. x 8?.?0 dg.) ≮ 862 lo (6=>.04 e`)h
Biht ndssdphtdkg fhph`dedty kc tbi fh`dgit
39= _`
h: ^bi widobt dgfeunis tbht kc kgi @@Y hgn sdx PCYs, `ut gkt tbht kc tbi trhgsadssdkg iqudpaigt. `: ^bi biht fkgsuaptdkg kc tbi PCY ds ixfeunin. ^h`ei 8-3 Iqudpaigt 8-3 Iqudpaigt spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc h @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit Dtia
Ndaigsdkgs (B x _ x N)
Vpifdcfhtdkgs ○ NF: 4== aa x 3== aa x >9= aa (69.>6 dg. x 06.30 dg. x 8?.?0 dg.) ○ HF: HF: 809= 809= aa aa x 3== 3== aa aa x >9= >9= aa aa (>4.08 dg. x 06.30 dg. x 8?.?0 dg.) h ○ NF: NF: ≮ 862 lo (6 (6=>. =>.04 04 e` e`))`
_idobt
○ HF: HF: ≮ 826 lo (> (>=6. =6.90 90 e`) e`)f Biht ndssdphtdkg fhph`dedty kc tbi fh`dgit
8=== _n
h: DAV=3 ds dgfeunin. @hsi ndaigsdkgs: >= aa x 3== aa x >0= aa (8.92 dg. x 06.30 dg. x 83.9> dg.) `: ^bi widobt dgfeunis tbht kc kgi @@Y hgn sdx PCYs, `ut gkt tbht kc tbi trhgsadssdkg iqudpaigt. f: ^bi widobt dgfeunis tbht kc kgi @@Y, sdx PCYs, hgn tbi trhgsadssdkg iqudpaigt. n: ^bi biht fkgsuaptdkg kc tbi PCY ds ixfeunin.
Igvdrkgaigthe Vpifdcfhtdkgs ^bi @^V64== (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits bhvi tbi shai igvdrkgaigthe spifdfhtdkgs, hs spifdfhtdkgs, hs edstin dg tbi ckeekwdgo th`ei.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
86
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
^h`ei 8-? Igvdrkgaigthe 8-? Igvdrkgaigthe spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc h @^V64== (Sir.F)/@^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit Dtia
Kpirhtdgo tiapirhturi
Vpifdcfhtdkgs/Vthgnhrn -0=½F tk +99½F (->½C tk +868½C) Vbkrt-tira kpirhtdkgh: +9=½F tk +99½F
Piehtdvi buadndty
(800½C tk 868½C) 9% PB tk 49% PB
Hetdtuni
≮ >=== a (86806.63 ct)
Gkdsi skugn pkwir eivie
I^V 6== ?96 6.8 ≮ ?.0 `ies
Dgoriss prktiftdkg rhtdgo
D]0=
Vtkrhoi igvdrkgaigt`
I^VD IG 6===84-8-8 S0.8.> (0==6-=>) Fehss 8.0 "_ihtbir prktiftin, gkt tiapirhturi-fkgtrkeein tiapirhturi -fkgtrkeein stkrhoi ekfhtdkgs"
h: Vbkrt-tira kpirhtdkg dgndfhtis tbht h `hsi sthtdkg nkis gkt wkrl ckr kvir 89 nhys wdtbdg h yihr kr tbht h `hsi sthtdkg nkis gkt fkgtdgukusey wkrl ckr kvir ?0 bkurs. `: Piohrndgo tbi stkrhoi igvdrkgaigt: ○ ^bi vhed vhedndty ndty pirdkn pirdkn ds kgi kgi yihr yihr. ○ ^bi prknuft prknuft fhg cugftdkg cugftdkg prkpi prkpirey rey wdtbdg wdtbdg tbi vhedndty vhedndty pirdkn pirdkn dc tbi stkrhoi stkrhoi igvdrkgaigt aiits tbi prifindgo sthgnhrns.
Vuroi ]rktiftdkg Vpifdcfhtdkgs ^bi pkrts dg @^V64== (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits bhvi tbi shai suroi prktiftdkg spifdfhtdkgs, spifdfhtdkgs, hs hs edstin dg ^h`ei 8-2. 8-2. GK^ GK ^
○ Yg Ygei eiss ss kt ktbi birw rwds dsi i spifdin, spifdin, tbi tbi suroi prktiftdkg spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs nipign nipign kg tbi suroi whvickra kc 2/0= εs. ○ Hee tb tbi i sur suroi oi furri furrigt gt dtias, dtias, ugeis ugeisss ktbi ktbirwd rwdsi si spifdin spifdin hs hs Ahxdaua ndsfbhroi furrigt, furrigt, ricir tk Gkadghe ndsfbhroi furrigt. furrigt.
^h`ei 8-2 Vuroi 8-2 Vuroi prktiftdkg spifdfhtdkgs spifdfhtdkgs kc kc pkrts dg h @^V64== (Sir.F)/@^V64== (Sir.F)/@^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit ]krt
Vpifdcfhtdkgs
NF pkwir suppey pkrt
Vuroi: > lS (8.0/9= εs)
HF pkwir suppey pkrt
Vuroi furrigt: 9 lH
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
8>
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Fkapedhgfi Vthgnhrns ^bi @^V64== (Sir.F) hgn @^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgits fkapey wdtb tbi shai sthgnhrns, hs edstin dg tbi ckeekwdgo th`ei. ^h`ei 8-4 Fkapedhgfi 8-4 Fkapedhgfi sthgnhrns ckr h @^V64== (Sir.F)/@^V64== (Sir.N) fh`dgit Dtia Vifurdty sthgnhr ns
Vthgnhrn ○ R.9=4: Vuppkrtin Vuppkrtin dg O@VV8>. O@VV8>.=/PHG8 =/PHG8>.=/iPH >.=/iPHG6.=/V G6.=/VPHG?.= PHG?.= hgn ehtir virsdkgs ○ PCF 8209: 8209: Vuppkrtin Vuppkrtin dg O@VV8>.=/ O@VV8>.=/PHG8>.= PHG8>.=/iPHG /iPHG6.=/VP 6.=/VPHG?.= HG?.= hgn hgn ehtir virsdkgs ○ PCF 8203: 8203: Vuppkrtin Vuppkrtin dg O@VV8>.=/ O@VV8>.=/PHG8>.= PHG8>.=/iPHG /iPHG6.=/VP 6.=/VPHG?.= HG?.= hgn hgn ehtir virsdkgs ○ PCF 820?: 820?: Vuppkrtin Vuppkrtin dg O@VV8>.=/ O@VV8>.=/PHG8>.= PHG8>.=/iPHG /iPHG6.=/VP 6.=/VPHG?.= HG?.= hgn hgn ehtir virsdkgs ○ PC PCF F >>40: >>40: Vuppkr Vuppkrtin tin dg dg hee virs virsdkg dkgss ○ PCF 90>3: 90>3: Vuppkrtin Vuppkrtin dg O@VV89.=/ O@VV89.=/PHG89.= PHG89.=/iPHG /iPHG3.=/VP 3.=/VPHG2.= HG2.= hgn hgn ehtir virsdkgs ○ VVE: Vuppkr Vuppkrtin tin dg hee virsdk virsdkgs gs
Kpirhtd go igvdrkg aigt
I^V 6== =84-8-6 Fehss 6.8
Vtkrhoi igvdrkg aigth
I^VD IG 6===84-8-8 S0.8.> (0==6-=>) Fehss 8.0 "_ihtbir prktiftin, gkt tiapirhturi-fkgtrkeein stkrhoi ekfhtdkgs"
^rhgspk rthtdkg igvdrkg aigt
I^VD IG6===84-8-0 S0.8.> (0==6-=>) Fehss 0.6 "]u`edf trhgspkrthtdkg"
Vbkflpr kkc prktiftd kg
DIF 3==32-0-9?: Igvdrkgaigthe tistdgo - ]hrt 0-9?: ^ists - ^ ^ist ist Cc: Sd`rhtdkg - ^dai-bdstkry aitbkn
Hgtdihrtbqu hli pirckra hgfi
I^VD IG 6===84-8-6: "Ihrtbquhli"
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
TN9=26: Dgtirda ]rkvdsdkgs ckr ^ist kc Hgtd-sidsadf ]irckrahgfis kc ^ieifkaaugdfhtdkgs Iqudpaigt (tieifka dgnustry sthgnhrn dg ]ikpei's Pipu`edf kc Fbdgh)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
89
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Dtia
Vthgnhrn
IAF`
H auetdakni `hsi sthtdkg fkapedis wdtb tbi ckeekwdgo sthgnhrns: ○ P&^^ P&^^I I Ndrif Ndriftdv tdvi i 8444/9 8444/9/I /IF F ○ P&^^I P&^^I Ndriftd Ndriftdvi vi 24/663/I 24/663/IIF IF ○ I^VD I^VD IG 6=8>24 6=8>24-8/ -8/2/ 2/06 06 ○ 6O]] 6O]] ^V 09. 09.88 886 6 ○ I^VD I^VD IG 6=84 6=84=2 =2-8 -8 ○ D^ D^YY-^ ^ VA VA 604 604-8 -8= = ○ CFF ]H ]HP^89 H OVA `hsi sthtdkg fkapedis wdtb tbi ckeekwdgo sthgnhrns: ○ P&^^ P&^^I I Ndrif Ndriftdv tdvi i 8444/9 8444/9/I /IF F ○ P&^^I P&^^I Ndriftd Ndriftdvi vi 24/663/I 24/663/IIF IF ○ I^VD I^VD IG 6=8> 6=8>24 24-8 -8/2 /2 ○ I^VD I^VD IG 6=84 6=84=2 =2-8 -8 ○ D^ D^YY-^ ^ VA VA 604 604-8 -8= = ○ CFF ]H ]HP^89 H Gkni@ bhs `iig firtdin firtdin `y `y Iurkpihg sthgnhrns hgn fkapedis wdtb tbi ckeekwdgo sthgnhrns: ○ FD FDV] V]P P 00 00 (84 (844? 4?)) ○ IG 99=0 99=00 0 ((84 8442 42)) ○ IG 6=8 6=8 >24>24-06 06 S S8.0 8.0.8 .8 ((0== 0==00-88) 88) ○ FD FDV] V]P P 0> 0> (84 (8442 42)) ○ DI DIF F 38= 38=== ==-> ->-0 -0 ○ DI DIF F 38= 38=== ==-> ->-6 -6 ○ DI DIF F 38= 38=== ==-> ->-> -> ○ DI DIF F 38= 38=== ==-> ->-9 -9 ○ DI DIF F 38= 38=== ==-> ->-3 -3 ○ DI DIF F 38== 38====->>-04 04 ○ O@ 409 409> >-844 -8442 2 ○ I^VD I^VD 6 6=8 =8 >24-8 >24-8 S8.6.8 S8.6.8 (0== (0==8-=4 8-=4)) ○ CFF ]hrt 89 Hg iGkni@ bhs `iig firtdin firtdin `y `y Iurkpihg sthgnhrns hgn fkapedis wdtb tbi ckeekwdgo sthgnhrns: ○ P&^^ P&^^I I Ndrif Ndriftdv tdvi i 8444/9 8444/9/I /IF F ○ P&^^I P&^^I Ndriftd Ndriftdvi vi 24/663/I 24/663/IIF IF ○ 6O]] 6O]] ^V 63. 63.88 886 6 ○ I^VD I^VD IG IG 6=8> 6=8>24 24-8 -8/0 /06 6 ○ I^VD I^VD I IG G 6=84=2 6=84=2-8 -8 S S0.0. 0.0.8 8 (0==6(0==6-8=) 8=) ○ D^ D^YY-P P VA.6 VA.604 04-8 -8= =
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
Fkpyrdobt © Buhwid ^ifbgkekodis Fk., Etn.
83
@^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
8 @^V64== Bhrnwhri Nisfrdptdkg
Dtia
Vthgnhrn
Vuroi prktiftd kg
○ DIF 306=9-8 ]rktiftdk ]rktiftdkg g hohdgst hohdgst edobtg edobtgdgo dgo - ]hrt ]hrt 8: Oigir Oigirhe he prdgfdpeis ○ DIF 306=9-6 306=9-6 ]rktiftdk ]rktiftdkg g hohdgst hohdgst edobtgdgo edobtgdgo - ]hrt ]hrt 6: ]bysdfhe ]bysdfhe nhahoi nhahoi tk strufturis hgn edci bhzhrn ○ DIF 306=9-> 306=9-> ]rktiftdk ]rktiftdkg g hohdgst hohdgst edobtgdgo edobtgdgo - ]hrt ]hrt >: Ieiftrdfh Ieiftrdfhee hgn ieiftrkgdf systias wdtbdg strufturis ○ D^ D^YY-^ ^ L.69 L.69 @kg @kgnd ndgo go fkgourhtdkgs fkgourhtdkgs hgn hgn ihrtbdgo ht riakti ieiftrkgdf sdtis ○ D^Y-^ D^Y-^ L.93 ]rktiftdkg ]rktiftdkg kc rhndk rhndk `hsi `hsi sthtdkgs sthtdkgs hohdgst hohdgst edobtgdgo edobtgdgo ndsfbhrois ○ D^Y-^ D^Y-^ L.4? Edobtgdgo Edobtgdgo prkti prktiftdkg ftdkg kc ndstrd` ndstrd`utin utin `hsi `hsi sthtdkgs sthtdkgs ○ I^VD IG IG 6== 096 Igvdrkg Igvdrkgaigth aigthee Igodgiirdgo Igodgiirdgo (II): Ihrtbdg Ihrtbdgo o hgn `kgndgo fkgourhtdkg fkgourhtdkg dgsdni dgsdni tieifkaaugdfhtdkgs figtirs ○ TN/^ 060>-0=88: 060>-0=88: Edobtgdg Edobtgdgo o prktiftdkg prktiftdkg riqudria riqudriaigts igts hgn hgn tist aitbkns ckr rhndk `hsi sthtdkgs ○ O@ 9=324-0=88: 9=324-0=88: Fkni Fkni ckr nisdog nisdog kc edobtg edobtgdgo dgo prktiftd prktiftdkg kg hgn ihrtbdgo igodgiirdgo ckr tieifkaaugdfhtdkg `urihus (sthtdkgs)
h: Piohrndgo tbi stkrhoi igvdrkgaigt: ○ ^bi vhed vhedndty ndty pirdkn pirdkn ds kgi kgi yihr yihr. ○ ^bi prknuft prknuft fhg cugftdk cugftdkg g prkpirey prkpirey wdtbdg wdtbdg tbi vhedndty vhedndty pirdkn pirdkn dc tbi stkrho stkrhoi i igvdrkgaigt aiits tbi prifindgo sthgnhrns. `: Dc dgtircirigfi ixdsts `ifhusi tbi fh`dgit ds dgstheein gihr hgtigghs kr ktbir wdrieiss rifidvir nivdfis, yku hri hnvdsin tk ixtign tbi ndsthgfi `itwiig tbia kr hnjust tbi ekfhtdkg hgn ndriftdkg kc hgtigghs.
Dssui => (0=0=-80-04)
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8?
