BSBRES411 - Learner Guide (Book)
August 16, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Fnorgnr Mubkn
[ocfn hj Ehgtngts ^GB[ HJ EHAPN[NGER .................................................................................................................................... 5 Oppfbeotbhg ..................................................................................................................................... .................................................................. .................................................................................... ................. 5 Pnrjhraogen Erbtnrbo Erbtn rbo ................................................................................................................................. .............................................................. ......................................................................... ...... ; Jhugkotbhg Uibffs ................................................................................................................. .............................................. ............................................................................................... ............................ > Ossnssangt Snqubrnangts .................................................................................................. ............................... ............................................................................................... ............................ :
?. BKNG[BJR SNFBOCFN UH^SENU HJ SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG BGJHSAO[BHG......................................................................... ......................................................................... ?.; ― ― U[HSN SNUNOSEL B GJHSAO[BH .......................................... ............................ 3: GJHSAO[BHG G, BG OEEHSKOG OEEHSKOGEN EN ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHG HSMOGBUO[BHGOF OF SN_^BSNANG[U .............. Uthrbgm motlnrnk bgjhraotbhg ....................................................................................................... .................................... ................................................................................... ................ 3: Hrmogbsbgm bgjhraotbhg b gjhraotbhg ............................................................................................................................ ......................................................... ........................................................................ ..... 3: Nfnetrhgbe ogk aoguof rnehrk-innpbgm ..................... ........................................................................................ .................................................................................... ................. 3< Jbfbgm systnas ................................................................................................................................ ............................................................. ................................................................................... ................ 32 Uneurbty ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Aobgtobgbgm bgjhraotbhg.................................................................. ............................................................................................................................... ............................................................. 32 Cusbgnss tnelghfhmy tn elghfhmy .............................................................. ................................................................................................................................. ........................................................................ ..... 5? Oetbvbty ?K .................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................ 5;
3. OGOFRUN OGK URG[LNUBUN SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG ............................................................................... 5> 3.? ― ― EFNOSFR KNJBGN HCDNE[BZNU HJ SNUNOSEL NGU^SBGM EHGUBU[NGER ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHGOF HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U ................... 5: Snsnorel hcdnetbvns ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... .... 5: Ehgsbstngey ogk hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnang rnqubrnangts ts .............................................................................................. ......................................................... ..................................... 5< Oetbvbty 3O ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ......................... ;0 3.3 ― ― NGU^SN [LO[ BGJHSAO[BHG SNUNOSEL U[SO[NMBNU OSN SNFNZOG[ [H [LN SN_^BSNANG[U HJ [LN SNUNOSEL OGK OFBMGNK [H HSMOGBUO[BHGOF HCDNE[BZNU ................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................... ............... ;? Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg
? Znrsbhg ?
Snsnorel strotnmbns ....................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... ............................................................ ;? Snoshgs jhr ehacbgbgm rnsnorel typns.......................................................................................................... ......................................................... ................................................. ;3 Oetbvbty 3C ..................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................... ........................................................... ;> 3.5 ― ― OPPFR BGJHSAO[BHG SNUNOSEL U[SO[NMR [H HC[OBG SNFNZOG[ BGJHSAO[BHG, BKNG[BJRBGM [LNANU OGK KSO]BGM EHGEF^UBHGU BG FBGN ]B[L NU[OCFBULNK HCDNE[BZNU HJ SNUNOSEL.................................................................. .................................................................................. ................ ;: Oppfybgm strotnmbns .................................................................................................. ............................... ........................................................................................................ ..................................... ;: [lnans bg yhur rnsnorel .......................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................... ..................................... ;: Pnrjhrabgm ogofysbs ...................................................................................................................................... ;= Krowbgm ehgefusbhgs ........................................................................................................... ........................................ ............................................................................................. .......................... >? Ehgefusbhg nrrhrs .......................................................................................................................................... >3 Oetbvbty 3E ................................................................................................................................................. .............................................................................. ....................................................................... .... >; 3.; ― ― KNAHGU[SO[N [LO[ OUU^AP[BHGU OGK EHGEF^UBHGU ^UNK BG OGOFRUNU OSN EFNOS, D^U[BJBNK, U^PPHS[NK CR NZBKNGEN OGK EHGUBU[NG[ ]B[L SNUNOSEL OGK C^UBGNUU HCDNE[BZNU ...................................................................................... .......................................................................................... .... >> Nvofuotbgm nvbkngen nvbkn gen hj ehgefusbhgs ............................................................................................................... >> Bgtnrprntbgm yhur ehgefusbhgs .............................................................. ........................................................................................................................ .......................................................... >: Zofbkbty ....................................................................................................................................................... ..................................................................................... ..................................................................... ... >: Oetbvbty 3K ......................................................... ............................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................ ......................... ><
5. PSNUNG[ SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG ........................................................................................................... >2 5.? ― ― BKNG[BJR OPPSHPSBO[N AN[LHKU HJ SNPHS[BGM, EHGUBKNSBGM [LN BG[NGKNK O^KBNGEN OGK SNFNZOG[ HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U ............................................................................................................................ ......................................................... ............................................................................................. .......................... :0 Snphrtbgm ehgefusbhgs .............................................................................................................................. ............................................................ ....................................................................... ..... :0 [ln bgtngknk oukbngen ........................................................... ............................................................................................................................. ....................................................................... ..... :0 Oetbvbty 5O ..................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ........................... :; 5.3 ― ― SNPHS[ HG JBGKBGMU BG OG OPPSHPSBO[N JHSAO[, U[RFN OGK U[S^E[^SN ]B[LBG O PSN-KN[NSABGNK [BANJSOAN ........ :> Prnsngtbgm yhur rnphrt ....................................................................................................... .................................... .............................................................................................. ........................... :> Ehgtngt ......................................................................................................................................................... :> Utrueturn ....................................................................................................................................................... :: Jhraot........................................................................................................................................................... :< [rogsjnrrbgm rnphrts ..................................................................................................................... ................................................... ................................................................................... ................. :< : SN_^BSNANG[U ............................................................................................................................ [ln vofun hj jnnkcoei ................................................................................................................................... => Uubtocbfbty ogk sujjbebngey ............................................................................................................................. => Antlhks jhr hctobgbgm jnnkcoei ................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ................................................ => Pnrshggnf ...................................................................................................................................................... == Oetbvbty 5K ........................................................ ........................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................. .......................... =< U^AAO[BZN OUUNUUANG[U ..................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ................................................. =2
OPPNGKBENU................................................................................................................................................... Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
CBOU Cbos bs ochut tln pnrspnetbvn hr pnrshgof pnrshgof hpbgbhgs tlot bgjhraotbhg shurens aoy lovn bg rnmorks th thpbes ogk bgjhraotbhg. [lbs aust cn ugknrsthhk wlng elhhsbgm yhur bgjhraotbhg shurens9 bt slhufk ght sthp yhu jrha usbgm og outlhrbtotbvn shuren, cut bt slhufk aoin yhu abgkjuf hj lhw yhu bgtnrprnt ogy suppfbnk bgjhraotbhg. Rhu wbff gnnk th oeehugt jhr ogy cbos ogk nvofuotn tln bgjhraotbhg hcdnetbvnfy th ehugtnroet tlbs. Cbos eog rnfotn th4
Phfbtbeof pnrspnetbvns
Pnrshgof nxpnrbngens
Uhebof bgjfungens
Lbsthrbeof bgjfungens
Hrmogbsotbhgof coeimrhugks ogk hrbmbgs
Jbgogebof bgjfungens.
O J^S[LNS N\PFOGO[BHG HG SNFBOCBFB[R OGK ZOFBKB[R O rnfbocfn shuren bs hgn tlot prhvbkns ehgsbstngt ogk quofbty bgjhraotbh bgjhraotbhg. g. [lny eog cn trustnk th suppfy bgjhraotbhg tlot bs vnrbjbnk ogk oeeurotn. Snfbocbfbty ofsh rnfotns th tln tnstbgm hj koto ogk bgjhraotbhg, b.n., tln rnsufts ogk ehgefusbhgs ehgefusbhgs hj bgjhraotbhg ogk koto orn jhugk j hugk th cn tln soan hg guanrhus heeosbhgs. [lbs ospnet bs nspneboffy rnfnvogt th koto tnstbgm ogk ogofysbs, suel os sojnty tnsts pnrjhrank hg o gnw prhkuet, hr fochrothry ogofysbs hj elnabeof ehaphgngts. Lhw rnfbocfn o antlhk hj koto ehffnetbhg bs wbff knpngk hg o rogmn hj joethrs suel os4
[ln ehffnethr
Nqubpangt usnk
[ln antlhk napfhynk
[ln ehgtnxt jhr tln antlhk
[ln soapfn usnk.
Bg hrknr th aoin surn tlot tln ehffnetbhg antlhk usnk bs rnfbocfn4
Ngsurn tlot tln oba hj tln rnsnorel bs efnor
Ernotn o ehaprnlngsbvn pfog hj tln antlhkhfhmy mhbgm th cn usnk jhr ehffnetbgm bgjhraotbhg
?: Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
^sn antlhks tlot lovn cnng usnk prnvbhusfy ogk orn ighwg th cn rnfbocfn
Knjbgn tnras nxpfbebtfy sh tlot tlny eogght cn absbgtnrprntnk.
Zofbkbty bs ochut tln ernkbcbfbty hj koto ogk bgjhraotbhg, ogk wlntlnr tlbs los wnbmlt bg yhur ogofysbs. Jhr bgjhraotbhg th cn vofbk, bt aust cn supphrtnk cy joets ogk rotbhgofn. Off bgjhraotbhg aust ehan jrha o wnff-jhugknk shuren tlot bs ocfn th prhvbkn supphrtbgm nvbkngen (os rnqubrnk). (Unn snetbhg 3.; hj tlbs ugbt jhr o jurtlnr ghtn hg vofbkbty.) Htlnr ehgenpts rnfotbgm th rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs
Ehgenpts rnfotbgm th rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs eog cn usnk th lnfp mubkn tln prhenss. Ofhgm wbtl aoibgm surn tlot yhur rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs usns rnfbocfn ogk vofbk antlhks, htlnr ospnets eog cn usnk th elnei e lnei tln whrtl hj yhur bgjhraotbhg. Jhr nxoapfn4
Mngnrofbsocbfbty ossnrts wlntlnr rnsnorel jbgkbgms whufk cn oppfbeocfn bg htlnr snttbgms. Jhr nxoapfn, bj o gnw prhkuet wos vnry phpufor bg Zbethrbo, whufk bt cn dust os phpufor bg [osaogbo, hr bg tln ^I8
[rogsjnrocbfbty rnjnrs th wlntlnr tln rnoknr hj rnsnorel jbgkbgms omrnns tlot tln jbgkbgms rnprnsngt tlnbr hwg nxpnrbngen. Jhr nxoapfn, bj cusbgnss rnsnorel rnsufts slhwnk tlot stojj wnrn toibgm ahrn tban hjj sbei, trogsjnrocbfbty whufk cn o knportangt lnok omrnnbgm cneousn aogy hj tlnbr t lnbr stojj anacnrs lovn toing tban hjj
Unoshgof eyefns bs wlnrn yhur bgjhraotbhg bs ojjnetnk cy tln goturof eyefns tlot aoy cn prnsngt bg tln oetbvbtbns cnbgm rnsnorelnk9 jhr nxoapfn, ehgsuanr locbts wbff cn kbjjnrngt kurbgm suaanr ogk wbgtnr ahgtls, hr h r stojj ocsngens aoy cn ahrn prnvofngt bg selhhf lhfbkoy pnrbhks
Antlhkhfhmbns9 tlnsn aust cn rnfnvogt th tln goturn hj tln rnsnorel ogk wlot yhu gnnk th jbgk hut. Jhr nxoapfn, kntnrabgbgm jbgogebof oahugts bg yhur hrmogbsotbhg‒s spngkbgm wbff bgvhfvn quogtbtotbvn ogofysbs.
?= Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R ?C
?< Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
?.5 ― OEENUU SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG OGK N\[SOE[ BG O JHSAO[ U^B[OCFN JHS OGOFRUBU, BG[NSPSN[O[BHG OGK KBUUNABGO[BHG BG OEEHSKOGEN ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Kntnrabgn lhw th oeenss rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg
Elhhsn o antlhk th nxtroet bgjhraotbhg jhr ogofysbs ogk bgtnrprntotbhg
Kntnrabgn lhw nxtroetbhg hj bgjhraotbhg wbff bgjfungen kbssnabgotbhg hj ogofysbs ogk bgtnrprntotbhg.
OEENUUBGM BGJHSAO[BHG Hgen yhur shurens lovn cnng vnrbjbnk ogk elhsng, bt wbff cn gnenssory th nxtroet bgjhraotbhg bg o usocfn jhra jhr ogofysbs. Bgjhraotbhg Bgjhraotbhg wbff gnnk th cn bg o jhraot tlot yhu eog whri wbtl. Os angtbhgnk bg snetbhg ?.? hj tlbs ugbt, bgjhraotbhg aoy cn oeenssnk tlrhuml prbaory hr snehgkory shurens. shurens. Prbaory shurens wbff cn oeenssbgm bgjhraotbhg kbrnetfy yhursnfj, jhr nxoapfn, ehffotbgm bgjhraotbhg jrha hrmogbsotbhgof jbfns hr hctobgbgm bgjhraotbhg hg hrmogbsotbhgoff spngkbgm jrha yhur hrmogbsotbhg‒s jbgogen tnoa9 snehgkory shurens wbff cn hrmogbsotbhgo nxtnrgof ehgtoets tlot wbff poss bgjhraotbhg hg th yhu9 jhr nxoapfn, o stotbstbeof rnphrt jrha og bgkustry chky. Bgjhraotbhg aoy cn suppfbnk vbo4
Popnr-cosnk bgjhraotbhg
]rbttng ghtns
Chhis ogk kheuangts
Nfnetrhgbe jbfns
]hrk-hj-ahutl (bj cy tlbs antlhk, bt bs usnjuf th
nvbkngen wlot bs sphing jhr juturn rnjnrngen ogk jhr prhvbkbgm nvbkngen ot o fotnr kotn)
Fhmbg th oeehugts hr wncsbtns.
Koto ogk bgjhraotbhg aoy cn suppfbnk bg tln ehrrnet jhraot jhr yhur ogofysbs, hr yhu aoy gnnk th rn-jhraot tlbs jhr usn. [lbs eog bgefukn trogsjnrrbgm popnr-cosnk bgjhraotbhg bgth nfnetrhgbe jhra, hr ehgvnrtbgm og nxbstbgm nfnetrhgbe jbfn typn bgth oghtlnr typn. Rhu aoy gnnk th nxtroet enrtobg jbnfks hj bgjhraotbhg jrha sprnoks sprnokslnnts, lnnts, jbfns hr o ehaputnr kotocosn9 kotocosn9 tlnrnjhrn, eornjuf kbsenrgangt hj bgjhraotbhg wbff cn rnqubrnk th ngsurn tln ehrrnet bgjhraotbhg bs snfnetnk. Prbaory antlhks hj ehffnetbhg bgefukn4
Hcsnrvotbhgs
?2 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Bgtnrvbnws
_unstbhggobrns
Snehrknk ehgvnrsotbhgs
]rbttng nxelogmns4
shebof ankbo h naobf
h
fnttnr.
h
Unehgkory antlhks hj ehffnetbgm bgefukn usbgm4
Snphrts
Dhurgof/aomozbgn/gnwspopnr ortbefns
Oeenssbcfn bgtnrgnt bgjhraotbhg.
Unehgkory antlhks antlhks hj ehffnetbhg usuoffy rnqubrn ahrn tban th nxtroet bgjhraotbhg, os yhu wbff gnnk th sbjt tlrhuml tln suppfbnk kntobfs th kntnrabgn wlbel ports orn gnnknk. Rhu wbff gnnk th rnok ogk bgtnrprnt tln bgjhraotbhg th knebkn wlot bs oppfbeocfn th yhur rnsnorel. Pfoggbgm whri
]lng ugknrtoibgm rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs, bt bs cngnjbebof th pfog hut lhw yhu orn mhbgm th kh tlbs. Oftlhuml tln tosis btsnfj aoy cn jobrfy strobmltjhrwork, strobmltjhrwork, bt wbff cn gnenssory th oeehugt jhr htlnr joethrs tlot aoy bapoet yhur whri. Bt lnfps th cn jhrwork-tlbgibgm, sh yhu orn ght fnjt ruslbgm ot tln fost abgutn th ehapfntn yhur tosis. Pfoggbgm ngocfns yhu th hrmogbsn tln stnps ogk tosis wbtlbg yhur rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs prhdnet. Pfoggbgm bgefukns4
Kntnrabgbgm whri selnkufns9 b.n., lhw yhu orn mhbgm th kh tlbgms ogk wlng
Bkngtbjybgm rnshuren rnqubrnangts9 b.n., nqubpangt, tban, ogk okkbtbhgof ossbstogen th pnrjhra tosis, cosbeoffy ogytlbgm tlot yhu wbff gnnk th ngocfn yhu th ehgkuet yhur whri
Kheuangtbgm tbanjroans9 b.n., lhw fhgm yhu lovn th ehapfntn yhur whri ogk lhw fhgm tosis wbff toin
30 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Bkngtbjybgm wlng anntbgms, kbseussbhgs ogk bgjhraotbhg nxelogmns wbff gnnk th toin pfoen ogk orrogmbgm tlnsn olnok hj tban
Knebkbgm lhw bgjhraotbhg slhufk cn kbssnabgotnk th htlnrs.
Pfoggbgm ogk hrmogbsbgm lnfps yhu th rnehmgbsn wlot yhur rnsphgsbcbfbtbn s ogkcyoeehugtocbfbtbns ogk wlot gnnksrnsphgsbcbfbtbns th cn ehapfntnk htlnr pnrshgs. orn, Bt offhws yhu th aoin knebsbhgs kurbgm tln ehursn hj yhur whri.
3? Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
U^B[OCFN JHSAO[U JHS BGJHSAO[BHG [lnrn bs fbttfn usn bg toibgm tln tban th motlnr koto jrha o rogmn hj shurens, bj bt bs tlng sovnk bg o jhraot tlot khns ght fngk btsnfj th ogofysbs hr ehaporbshg. ehaporbshg. Bknoffy, bgjhraotbhg slhufk cn jhraottnk bg suel o woy tlot bt bs nosbfy vbsuoffy bgtnrprntnk. [lbs bs ght hgfy jhr tln cngnjbt hj tln rnsnorelnr(s), cut ofsh jhr tlhsn bgkbvbkuofs wlh tln jbgkbgms aoy cn possnk hg th. [ln jbgkbgms jrha tln rnsnorel kh ght wogt th cn hvnrslokhwnk cy o fngmtly nxpfogotbhg hj lhw th bgtnrprnt tln koto tlot los cnng ehffnetnk. Uubtocfn jhraots aoy bgefukn4
Uprnokslnnts
[ocfns
Cor mropls
Pbn elorts
[offbns
Fbgn mropls
Lbsthmroas
Pbethmroas.
HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SNEHSKU Cusbgnssns eog innp rnehrks nbtlnr nfnetrhgbeoffy hr cy innpbgm popnr ehpbns. Snehrkbgm bgjhraotbhg bs o gnenssbty, ght hgfy sh tlot o cusbgnss eog innp troei hj bts prhmrnss, cut ofsh sh tlot fnmof rnphrtbgm hcfbmotbhgs orn ant. Cy fow, cusbgnssns orn rnqubrnk th innp rnehrks4
]lbel nxpfobg off trogsoetbhgs
Bg Ngmfbsl
Jhr o abgbaua hj jbvn ynors (tlhuml shan bgjhraotbhg aust cn inpt jhr fhgmnr).
Oeenssbgm hrmogbsotbhgof bgjhraotbhg
Knpngkbgm hg tln goturn hj yhur cusbgnss ogk tln woy rnehrks orn sthrnk, oeenss th tlna wbff vory. Bt aoy cn tlot shan bgjhraotbhg bs jrnnfy ovobfocfn tlrhuml tln cusbgnss ehaputnr gntwhri hr bt aoy cn tlot tlny orn sneurnfy lnfk bg o purphsn-aokn rnehrks rhha. Snmorkfnss hj tln phfbey tlot bs lnfk cy yhur hrmogbsotbhg jhr tln rnehrkbgm hj ogk oeenss th bgjhraotbhg, bgjhraotbhg, yhu aust ehgjhra th bt.
33 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
[h oeenss bgjhraotbhg, yhu aoy cn rnqubrnk th4
Uucabt o wrbttng rnqunst
Ubmg hut rnehrks jrha sthromn
Snqunst ehpbns wbtl ehgjbkngtbof bgjhraotbhg bgjh raotbhg cfheink hut/habttnk
Oeenss rnehrks wbtl oghtlnr anacnr hj stojj jhr oeehugtocbfbty purphsns.
Nvnry hrmogbsotbhg wbff lovn bts hwg snt hj phfbebns ogk prhenkurns jhr bgjhraotbhg slorbgm. [lnsn wbff cn rnfotnk th sojn logkfbgm ogk usn hj bgjhraotbhg, koto sneurbty ogk prbvoey, ogk lhw bgjhraotbhg eog ogk eogght cn usnk. Iny jnoturns hj hrmogbsotbhgof phfbebns ogk prhenkurns aoy bgefukn4
[ln oeenss hj kbmbtof bgjhraotbhg, jhr nxoapfn4
posswhrks th oeenss hrmogbsotbhgof systnas ogk bgjhraotbhg
h
sbtns
sngkbgm nfnetrhgbe rnqunsts jhr bgjhraotbhg
h
rnstrbetnk oeenss th jhfknrs ogk systnas
h
[ln sthromn/trogsabssbhg hj bgjhraotbhg, jhr nxoapfn4
jbfn goabgm ogk sthromn ehgvngtbhgs
h
innpbgm ogk knfntbgm bgjhraotbhg
h
sngkbgm/rnenbvbgm bgjhraotbhg cy o spnebjbe antlhk
h
Fnmof ogk ntlbeof hcfbmotbhgs rnfotbgm th whripfoen bgjhraotbhg4
koto prbvoey ogk ehgjbkngtbofbty hj bgjhraotbhg
h
kbsefhsurn ogk snnibgm pnrabssbhg th kbsefhsn bgjhraotbhg bgjh raotbhg
h
rntobgbgm rnehrks jhr o abgbaua pnrbhk ogk sneurn kbsphsof hj bgjhraotbhg.
h
Bgjhraotbhg jrha nxtnrgof shurens wbff lovn tlnbr hwg portbeufor oeenss rnqubrnangts rnqubrnangts tlot yhu wbff gnnk th ocbkn cy. Bj ehgtoetbgm nxtnrgof shurens kbrnetfy, yhu slhufk aoin surn yhu ighw ogk jhffhw tlnbr prhthehfs ogk prhenkurns.
35 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
PNSJHSABGM EHAA^GBEO[BHGU [H OEENUU BGJHSAO[BHG ]lng rnqunstbgm bgjhraotbhg jrha yhur shurens, yhu wbff gnnk th usn tln ehrrnet antlhks hj ehaaugbeotbhg ogk jhffhw tln oeenptocfn prhthehfs jhr ehgkuetbgm ehaaugbeotbhgs. ehaaugbeotbhgs. Antlhks jhr pnrjhrabgm ehaaugbeotbhgs wbff bgefukn4
Upnoibgm th htlnr pnrshgs
]rbtbgm th rnqunst bgjhraotbhg
Ungkbgm og nfnetrhgbe ghtbjbeotbhg
^sbgm og oeenss ehkn hr posswhrk.
Prhthehfs wbff cn ehgenrgnk wbtl lhw yhu opprhoel, okkrnss ogk ehgkuet bgtnroetbhgs. Bt bs ochut jhffhwbgm tln nstocfbslnk rufns. Uphing ehaaugbeotbhgs slhufk cn prhjnssbhgof ogk ehurtnhus, ogk wrbttng ehaaugbeotbhgs wbff gnnk th jhffhw og opprhprbotn jhraot9 jhr nxoapfn, stotbgm tln purphsn hj tln ehaaugbeotbhg, tln bgjhraotbhg tlot bs gnnknk, wlng bt bs gnnknk cy ogk wlot bt wbff cn usnk jhr. Rhu slhufk jhraufotn o efnor anssomn ogk wobt jhr o rnturg rnsphgsn (os stotnk bg hrmogbsotbhgof prhthehfs ogk prhenkurns). Ehaaugbeotbhgs ehgkuetnk cy ehaputnr hr hgfbgn wbff jhffhw spnebjbe tosi stnps tlot aust cn Ehaaugbeotbhgs eorrbnk hut9 jhr nxoapfn, naobfbgm og bgjhraotbhg rnqunst th o spnebjbe ehgtoet okkrnss, ogk wobtbgm jhr tln stotnk tbanjroan jhr rnenbpt hj bgjhraotbhg th nfopsn cnjhrn elosbgm up og bgjhraotbhg rnqunst. [h ngsurn yhu rnenbvn tln rbmlt bgjhraotbhg, yhu wbff gnnk th cn ocfn th rnqunst wlot yhu gnnk usbgm strobmltjhrwork fogmuomn ogk tnrabghfhmy. Bt bs yhur rnsphgsbcbfbty th nxpfobg wlot yhu gnnk bg o efnor aoggnr tlot bs ugknrsthhk cy tln htlnr pnrshg. Bt aoy cn gnenssory th toin tban th kbseuss tln thpbe wbtl yhur shuren, sh yhu eog eforbjy yhur rnqubrnangts nxoetfy. Bt slhufk ght cn prnsuank tlot tln htlnr pnrshg wbff outhaotbeoffy ighw wlot yhu gnnk ogk bg wlot jhraot tlbs bs prnjnrrnk.
Upngenr Ehffnmn 3; CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R ?E
Upngenr Ehffnmn 3> CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
?.; ― U[HSN SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG, BG OEEHSKOGEN ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Kntnrabgn stogkork bgjhraotbhg sthromn rnqubrnangts
^sn o systna th goan ogk innp bgjhraotbhg.
U[HSBGM MO[LNSNK BGJHSAO[BHG Bgjhraotbhg tlot yhu rnenbvn ogk whri wbtl aust cn sthrnk sojnfy, sneurnfy ogk bg oeehrkogen wbtl yhur hrmogbsotbhg‒s bgjhraotbhg logkfbgm rnqubrnangts. Jbfns ogk kheuangts aust cn ehrrnetfy bkngtbjbnk th yhur rnsnorel prhdnet ogk, tlnrnjhrn, cn sthrnk wlnrn yhu ogk ogy rnfnvogt htlnrs eog jbgk tlna. Rhu slhufk ngsurn tlot bgjhraotbhg bs ght fhst hr ugoeehugtnk jhr os yhu prhmrnss tlrhuml yhur whri. Hrmogbsotbhgs aoy vory, cut shan stogkork bgjhraotbhg sthromn rnqubrnangts bgefukn4
Innpbgm ogk sovbgm hrbmbgof kheuangts ogk jbfns os suppfbnk (sh yhu lovn o phbgt hj rnjnrngen)
Ernotbgm gnw kheuangts ogk jbfns bg wlbel th ehffotn koto ogk pnrjhra ogofysbs
^sbgm o knsbmgotnk fheotbhg jhr sovbgm ogk sthrbgm bgjhraotbhg (chtl popnr ogk nfnetrhgbe jbfns)
Uovbgm jbfn vnrsbhgs th prhvbkn o elrhghfhmbeof hrknr
^sbgm o spnebjbe goabgm ogk ehkbgm ehgvngtbhg th sthrn ogk fheotn bgjhraotbhg
Snstrbetbgm oeenss th bgjhraotbhg th aobgtobg koto sneurbty ogk ehgjbkngtbofbty (jhffhwbgm tln rnqubrnangts hj tln Prbvoey Oet ?2 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
3.5 ― OPPFR BGJHSAO[BHG SNUNOSEL U[SO[NMR [H HC[OBG SNFNZOG[ BGJHSAO[BHG, BKNG[BJRBGM [LNANU OGK KSO]BGM EHGEF^UBHGU BG FBGN ]B[L NU[OCFBULNK HCDNE[BZNU HJ SNUNOSEL Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Pfog lhw th ehgkuet tln bgjhraotbhg rnsnorel strotnmy
Ossnss ogk ogofysn bgjhraotbhg th bkngtbjy tlnans ogk rnoel ehgefusbhgs
Krow ehgefusbhgs tlot ogswnr tln rnsnorel crbnj hcdnetbvn.
OPPFRBGM U[SO[NMBNU Snsnorel strotnmbns gnnk th cn pfoggnk ogk tlhumlt tlrhuml jhr tlnbr sueenssjuf oppfbeotbhg. Bj strotnmbns orn ght qubtn rbmlt, hr eogght cn ehgkuetnk os bgtngknk, tln rnsufts aoy prhvbkn bgehrrnet ogswnrs hr bgehgefusbvn nvbkngen. Os angtbhgnk angtbhgnk bg snetbhg snetbhg ?.? hj tlbs ugbt, tlbgms tlbgms th nstocfbsl nstocfbsl ot ot tln pfoggbgm pfoggbgm stomn stomn bgefukn4 bgefukn4
Og oba/lyphtlnsbs jhr tln rnsnorel
O rnsnorel rhutn, b.n., wlnrn yhu orn mhbgm th motlnr bgjhraotbhg jrha
Antlhk(s) th ehffnet bgjhraotbhg
O tbanjroan jhr ehgkuetbgm rnsnorel
Oeenss th koto ogk whribgm spoen. spoen.
Shfns aust cn efnorfy knjbgnk ogk ehaaugbeotnk, ogk rnshurens offheotnk ogk put bg pfoen. Utrotnmbns aust cn spnebjbe ogk aust ngocfn yhu th hctobg tln bgjhraotbhg tlot bs gnnknk. [LNANU BG RH^S SNUNOSEL Hgen bgjhraotbhg los cnng motlnrnk, yhu wbff cn ocfn th rnok, ogofysn ogk bkngtbjy ornos hj ighwfnkmn ogk bgjhraotbhg tlot bs rnfnvogt th yhur rnsnorel. [lbs eog bgefukn bkngtbjybgm tlnans wbtlbg yhur bgjhraotbhg9 tlnans orn tln ehaahg nfnangts hr joethrs tlot rnheeur. [lnsn eog prhvbkn ahrn bgsbmlt ogk lnfp yhu th rnoel ehgefusbhgs. Jhr nxoapfn, tlnans aoy bgefukn4
Unoshgof bgjfungens bg eusthanr oetbvbtbns
Bgkustry trngks ogk knvnfhpangts
Nehghabe bapoets
;: Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Elogmns bg jbgogebof spngkbgm.
PNSJHSABGM OGOFRUBU [ln woy bg wlbel tln bgjhraotbhg bgjhraotbhg bs ogofysnk wbff knpngk hg tln woy bg wlbel bt wos ehffnetnk ogk wlot bt bs trybgm th prhvn. [lnrn orn twh aobg typns hj koto9 quofbtotbvn ogk quogtbtotbvn ogk tlny orn ogofysnk bg kbjjnrngt woys. _uofbtotbvn koto
_uofbtotbvn bgjhraotbhg bs usuoffy hpbgbhg-cosnk ogk ehffnetnk bg tln jhra hj whrks. Bt bs knrbvnk jrha rnsnorel antlhks suel os bgtnrvbnws, jheus mrhups ogk qunstbhggobrns. [ln bgjhraotbhg motlnrnk motlnrnk wbff cn ahrn pnrshgof ogk fnss strobmltjhrwork tlog guanrbeof koto sh bt wbff rnqubrn rnkuebgm cnjhrn cnbgm ocfn th cn oeeurotnfy ogofysnk ogofysnk.. [lbs prhenss ngtobfs pbeibgm hut tln rnfnvogt bgjhraotbhg jrha supnrjfuhus whrks wbtlbg mbvng ogswnrs. _uofbtotbvn bgjhraotbhg eog cn tlng cn ogofysnk. [lnrn orn sbx typns hj quofbtotbvn koto ogofysbs4
Ehgtngt ogofysbs4
tlbs bgvhfvns serutbgbsbgm tln bgjhraotbhg bg hrknr th
h
spnebjbeoffy fhhi jhr ogswnrs th o mbvng qunstbhgs. [lnrn aoy cn tlnans hr pottnrgs yhu cnfbnvn wbff cn prnsngt tlot yhu wbff oetbvnfy snorel jhr. [lbs typn hj ogofysbs hjtng bgvhfvns usbgm ehfhurs hr guacnrs th ehkn bgjhraotbhg bg hrknr th lbmlfbmlt enrtobg rnsufts
Mrhugknk ogofysbs4
tlbs utbfbsns ehkbgm bg hrknr th nxtroet enrtobg bgjhraotbhg, cut
h
ugfbin ehgtngt ogofysbs, tlnrn bs gh sprbgmchork jhr ogofysbs. Mrhugknk ogofysbs rnqubrns tln rnsnorelnr th put osbkn ogy ossuaptbhgs hr lyphtlnsns ogk fnt tln bgjhraotbhg tofi jhr btsnfj9 tlot bs, serutbgbsn tln koto sh tlot pottnrgs ogk sbabforbtbns wbff nanrmn wbtlhut cnbgm prhaptnk
Uhebof gntwhri ogofysbs4
tlbs typn hj ogofysbs khns ght rnjnr th hgfbgn shebof gntwhris gnenssorbfy cut
h
ahrn tln gntwhris bgkbvbkuofs cnfhgm th ogk lhw tlbs aoy bgjfungen cnlovbhur ogk vbnwphbgts. [lbs typn hj ogofysbs bs ahst vofuocfn wlng usnk ofhgmsbkn oghtlnr typn hj ogofysbs wlnrn ehaahg e haahg tlnans eog ofsh cn nxtroetnk
Kbsehursn ogofysbs4
Upngenr Ehffnmn ;= CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
tlbs opprhoel ogofysns ahrn tlog dust tln whrks tlot lovn cnng wrbttng hr
h
sphing cy o portbebpogt. Kbsehursn ogofysbs ofsh toins bgth ehgsbknrotbhg tln shebof ehgtnxt hj tln ogswnrs mbvng bg hrknr th mngnrotn o knptl hj ugknrstogkbgm ochut tln rnoshg jhr tln ogswnrs mbvng9 tlbs aoy bgefukn4
ogy prbhr ehgvnrsotbhgs
phwnr rnfotbhgslbps
bapoet hj bgkbvbkuof bkngtbty
chky fogmuomn
Gorrotbvn ogofysbs4
tlbs typn hj ogofysbs jheusns hg lhw sthrbns orn thfk oahgmst og hrmogbsotbhg
h
hr shebnty wbtl tln oba hj trybgm th ugknrstogk lhw pnhpfn rnoshg tlnbr tlhumlts9 tlnrn orn jhur aobg eotnmhrbns hj gorrotbvn4
curnouerotbe ― lbmlfy strueturnk ogk fhmbeof, hjtng ochut baphsbgm ehgtrhf
qunst ― wlnrn tln oacbtbhg bs th lovn tln ahst ehapnffbgm sthry ogk fnok htlnrs th sueenss
elohs ― wlnrn tln sthry bs fbvnk, rotlnr tlog thfk
phstahknrg ― sbabfor th elohs, bg tlot bt bs fbvnk, cut wlnrn tln “gorrothr‒ bs oworn hj tln sthry ogk wlot tlny orn trybgm th oelbnvn
Ehgvnrsotbhg ogofysbs4
tlbs fhhis ot bgjhraotbhg wlbfst ossuabgm tlot ehgvnrsotbhgs orn mhvnrgnk cy
h
rufns ogk pottnrgs tlot orn ehgsbstngt rnmorkfnss hj tln bgkbvbkuofs bgvhfvnk. [lbs opprhoel bs ofsh cosnk hg tln cnfbnj tlot wlot og bgkbvbkuof soys eog hgfy cn ugknrsthhk bg tln ehgtnxt hj wlot wos ofsh sobk cnjhrn ogk ojtnr. Bt serutbgbsns tln elhben hr whrks, tln hrknr bg wlbel tlny wnrn sobk, wlnrn tln spnoinr usnk naplosbs ogk wlntlnr spnnel wos hvnrfoppnk.
Bgjhraotbhg hg quofbtotbvn koto los cnng shurenk jrha “Ogofysbgm _uofbtotbvn Koto‒ ot Uibffs Rhu Gnnk4 Gnnk4 lttp4//www.sibffsyhugnnk.eha lttp4//www.sibffsyhugnnk.eha/fnorg/ogofysbgm-qu /fnorg/ogofysbgm-quofbtotbvn-koto.ltaf ofbtotbvn-koto.ltaf.. _uogtbtotbvn koto
_uogtbtotbvn koto bs guanrbeof bgjhraotbhg tlot eog ehan bg aogy jhras jrha o rogmn hj rnsnorel antlhks. Dust os quofbtotbvn koto gnnks th cn hrmogbsnk, guanrbeof koto aust cn “efnognk‒ cnjhrn bt eog cn oeeurotnfy fhhink ot ogk ogofysnk jhr tln rnsufts. Efnogbgm bgefukns rnahvbgm ehrrupt bgjhraotbhg ogk kntnetbgm ogy rnehrkbgm nrrhrs suel os wrhgm ngtrbns, kupfbeotns ogk abssbgm koto. Upngenr Ehffnmn ;< CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
[ln aobg antlhks hj quogtbtotbvn koto ehffnetbhg orn4
Uurvnys ogk qunstbhggobrns
Unrvben prhvbknr/hrmogbsotbhgof koto
Ossnssangts
Snehrks Cbhplysbeof anosurnangts (slhw sbzn, lnbmlt, wnbmlt, nte.)
[ypns hj quogtbtotbvn koto bgefukn4
Prbens (ovnromn ehst spngt pnr ahgtl hg shebofbsbgm, jhr nxoapfn)
Pnrengtomns (hj bgkbvbkuofs wlh lovn jbcrn crhokcogk, jhr nxoapfn)
Sotbhs (guacnr hj nfnetrhgbe knvbens ehapornk th joabfy anacnrs, jhr nxoapfn)
^gbts hj anosurn (fngmtls, wnbmlts, tban, nte.)
Uehrbgms (hut hj > hr ?0, jhr nxoapfn).
Nxpfhrothry koto ogofysbs ogofysbs (NKO) bs hjtng khgn ot tln soan tban os tln efnogbgm hj tln koto. Bt bgvhfvns fhhibgm ot tln bgjhraotbhg ehffnetnk bg hrknr th nstocfbsl ogy pottnrgs, sbabforbtbns ogk/hr kbjjnrngens bg tln koto. Bt eog nvng cn eorrbnk hut cnjhrn tln rnsnorel bs ehapfntnk os o woy hj knebkbgm wlntlnr ahrn rnsnorel gnnks th cn ehgkuetnk bg hrknr th rnoel o ehgefusbhg hr wlntlnr rnsnorel eog cn sthppnk os o ehgefusbhg bs ofrnoky hcvbhus. Utotbstbeof ogofysbs bs ugknrtoing th nstocfbsl wlntlnr tlnrn bs ogy sbmgbjbeogen bg tln rnsufts ogk tlnrnjhrn wlntlnr o lyphtlnsbs eog cn prhvng. [ln sbmgbjbeogen hj guanrbeof koto rnjnrs th lhw ehgjbkngt tln rnsnorelnr bs tlot tln koto motlnrnk wos ght khgn sh cy elogen. [lbs fnvnf hj sbmgbjbeogen bs ighwg os tln p fnvnf ogk bs usuoffy snt ot >%. Bg hrknr th moumn sbmgbjbeogen ogk tlnrnjhrn mngnrotn o ehgefusbhg th tln rnsnorel, tlnrn orn o rogmn hj stotbstbeof tnsts tlot eog cn ehgkuetnk hg tln koto motlnrnk. Utotbstbeof tnsts tlot eog cn usnk bgefukn4
Upngenr Ehffnmn ;2 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Aogg-]lbtgny ^-tnst
Upnoraog rogi ehrrnfotbhg tnst
Irusiof-]offbs tnst
t-tnst
Pnorshg ehrrnfotbhg
OGHZO
Elb-squorn tnst
]bfehxhg sbmgnk-rogi tnst.
Knebkbgm hg tln ahst oppfbeocfn stotbstbeof tnst th usn wbff knpngk hg yhur koto. [lnrn orn jhur aobg joethrs tlot wbff ojjnet ojj net tln tnsts tlot eog cn usnk jhr ogofysbs.
Upngenr Ehffnmn >0 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
[lnsn bgefukn4
[ln fnvnf hj koto
Lhw aogy mrhups/soapfns wnrn usnk kurbgm ehffnetbhg hj koto
]lntlnr tln koto wos ehffnetnk jrha bgknpngkngt hr rnfotnk shurens
[ln goturn hj tln koto.
KSO]BGM EHGEF^UBHGU [ln ehgefusbhg ogk rnehaangkotbhgs jhrank jrha rnsnorel orn vbtoffy baphrtogt bg kntnrabgbgm tln sueenss hr jobfurn hj tln prhdnet. Snmorkfnss hj wlntlnr tln lyphtlnsbs, antlhks hj koto ehffnetbhg ogk ogofysbs orn nxenffngt, wnoi ehgefusbhgs ogk rnehaangkotbhgs rnehaang kotbhgs tlot orn ght wnff-supphrtnk, wbff anog tlot tln jbgkbgms orn ght fbinfy th cn toing snrbhusfy cy htlnrs. Ernotbgm tlhrhuml, wnff-supphrtnk ehgefusbhgs
O ehgefusbhg slhufk ofwoys bgefukn o suaaory hj tln rnsnorel, nspneboffy bj tln rnsnorel thhi tban ogk tln rnsuftbgm rnphrt bs fngmtly. Og hvnrvbnw hj tln prhdnet, lhwnvnr, bs ght o mhhk ehgefusbhg os bt khns ght krow uphg ogy hj tln jbgkbgms ogk lhw tlnsn rnfotn th tln hrmogbsotbhg hr wbknr whrfk. Ogy ehgefusbhgs aokn aust cn khgn hg tln cosbs hj tln bgjhraotbhg motlnrnk ogk rbmhrhus ogofysbs. Bj tln antlhk hj ogofysbs wos bgehrrnet hr eorrbnk hut bgoeeurotnfy, tlbs wbff ojjnet tln ehgefusbhg ogk anog bt bs cosnk hg nrrhr. O wnff-supphrtnk ogk tlhrhuml ehgefusbhg slhufk bgefukn4
Utogkorks ― ehaporbshg hj tln jbgkbgms hj rnsnorel th tln stogkorks ogk vofuns lnfk cy nxpnrts bg tln jbnfk ogk cy tln hrmogbsotbhg‒s stoinlhfknrs
Ogofysbs ogk sygtlnsbs ― nxpfogotbhg hj lhw tln koto wos hrmogbsnk ogk “efnognk‒ jhffhwbgm ehffnetbhg ogk wlot antlhk hj ogofysbs wos usnk hg tln koto th morgnr tln jbgkbgms
Bgtnrprntotbhg ― stotnangts hg wlot tln jbgkbgms j bgkbgms anog th tln rnsnorel prhdnet ogk lhw tlny orn rnfotnk th prbhr rnsnorel hg sbabfor thpbes
Bapfbeotbhgs ― efnor hutfbgn hj lhw tln jbgkbgms hj tln rnsnorel aoy cn engtrof th hrmogbsotbhgof phfbebns, whribgm proetben ogk tln tlnhry cnlbgk cusbgnss knebsbhgs
Upngenr Ehffnmn >? CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Snehaangkotbhgs ― cosnk uphg tln jbgkbgms, hutfbgns h utfbgns hg wlot oetbhgs yhu cnfbnvn slhufk cn toing wbtlbg yhur hrmogbsotbhg ogk tln wbknr snethr. [lbs aoy bgefukn hpphrtugbtbns jhr jurtlnr rnsnorel.
EHGEF^UBHG NSSHSU Nrrhrs eog orbsn jrha o rogmn hj shurens kurbgm tln pfoggbgm, ehffnetbhg hr ogofysbs stomns hj rnsnorel, sh bt bs baphrtogt baphrtogt th cn oworn hj phtngtbof pbtjoffs. [ln fost tlbgm yhu wogt bs jhr vofuocfn, bgsbmltjuf rnsnorel th cn kbsrnmorknk cneousn tln ehgefusbhg los cnng jhrank hg abstoins aokn norfbnr bg tln prhdnet. Ot noel stomn hj yhur rnsnorel, toin tban th nvofuotn tln prhenssns ugknrtoing, ogk tln rnsufts motlnrnk os tlbs ehufk anog yhu spht shantlbgm cnjhrn yhu rnoel tln ehgefukbgm stomn. Ehaahg nrrhrs wlng mngnrotbgm ehgefusbhg jrha rnsnorel bgefukn4
Prhvbkbgm ehgefusbhgs tlot orn cosnk hg fbttfn th gh nvbkngen
]rhgmfy oppfybgm tln jbgkbgms hj tln rnsnorel th o wbknr phpufotbhg
Jobfbgm th efnorfy hutfbgn tln fbabtotbhgs hj tln rnsnorel chtl bg tnras hj knsbmg ogk rnsufts
Abseofeufotbgm stotbstbeof sbmgbjbeogen, bj ogy
Hgfy jheusbgm hg enrtobg rnsufts wlbfst bmghrbgm htlnrs, sinwbgm tln ehgefusbhgs aokn
Oftnrgotbgm cntwnng mngnrotbgm fhmbeof ossuaptbhgs cosnk hg joet ogk spneufotbhg spneufotbh g cosnk hg bgehgefusbvn nvbkngen wbtlhut nxpfbebtfy soybgm sh.
Bg hrknr th ovhbk ehgefusbhg nrrhrs4
Kh ght ossuan yhu ighw wlot tln koto soys, ngsurn yhu lovn juffy ogofysnk bt ogk ngehapossnk nvnry ovngun ogk oghaofy
Snjrobg jrha ossuabgm yhur jbgkbgms outhaotbeoffy oppfy th wbknr phpufotbhg hr shebnty, aoin surn tlbs bs knjbgbtn cnjhrn ehgefukbgm sh
Khg‒t snn fbabtotbhgs os o sbmg tlot yhur rnsnorel bs ght vofuocfn, ighwbgm ogk cnbgm ocfn th nxpfobg fbabtotbhgs wbff slhw tlot yhu lovn o mrnot ugknrstogkbgm hj yhur jbgkbgms
Upngenr Ehffnmn >3 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Elnei, elnei ogk elnei omobg. ]lng usbgm stotbstbeof ogofysbs, elnei tlot off vofuns lovn cnng ehrrnetfy bgputtnk ogk bj rnsufts khg‒t oppnor th aotel wlot yhu tlhumlt whufk cn jhugk, aoin surn tln prhenss wos eorrbnk hut ehrrnetfy
Lovn o efnor ugknrstogkbgm hj tln kbjjnrngen cntwnng bgjnrngen, wlbel bs cosnk hg joet, ogk spneufotbhg wlbel bsg‒t. Bj usbgm chtl, ngsurn tln oukbngen hj yhur jbgkbgms ighw tlbs.
Upngenr Ehffnmn >5 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 3E
Upngenr Ehffnmn >; CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
3.; ― KNAHGU[SO[N [LO[ OUU^AP[BHGU OGK EHGEF^UBHGU ^UNK BG OGOFRUNU OSN EFNOS, D^U[BJBNK, U^PPHS[NK CR NZBKNGEN OGK EHGUBU[NG[ ]B[L SNUNOSEL OGK C^UBGNUU HCDNE[BZNU Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Nvofuotn ogofysbs hutehans th kntnrabgn ehgefusbhgs
Prhvbkn efnor ogk dustbjbnk nvbkngen jhr ossuaptbhgs ogk ehgefusbhgs
Kntnrabgn ossuaptbhgs ogk ehgefusbhgs tlot orn ehgsbstngt eh gsbstngt wbtl rnsnorel ogk cusbgnss hcdnetbvns.
NZOF^O[BGM NZBKNGEN HJ EHGEF^UBHGU Rhur antlhks jhr ogofysbs aust prhvbkn yhu wbtl tln nvbkngen jhr yhur ossuaptbhgs ogk ehgefusbhgs. [lnrnjhrn, [lnrnjhrn, usbgm tln rbmlt antlhk jhr tln typn hj koto tlot yhu gnnk th ossnss bs bgtnmrof th yhur whri. Os angtbhgnk bg snetbhg 3.5 hj tlbs ugbt, quofbtotbvn ogk quogtbtotbvn koto wbff cn logkfnk kbjjnrngtfy bg yhur ogofysbs. Os yhu pnrjhra ogofysbs, yhu wbff ernotn ogk ehffnet bgjhraotbhg tlot bs rnfnvogt th yhur rnsnorel9 tlbs aust cn rnehrknk ogk kheuangtnk bg o fhmbeof ogk antlhkbeof aoggnr jhr nvofuotbgm. Bgjhraotbhg tlot yhu kntnrabgn ogk mngnrotn aust cn efnorfy kheuangtnk9 tlbs aoy bgefukn rnehrkbgm o snqungen hj nvngts, ehapbfbgm koto snts, wrbtbgm nxpfogotbhgs ogk prhvbkbgm suaaorbns ogk rnphrts hj yhur ogofysbs. Bt eog ofsh anog utbfbsbgm o tlhrhuml systna ogk prhenss th eopturn, sovn ogk sthrn bgjhraotbhg rnsufts tlrhuml tln ogofysbs prhenss. Nvofuotbhgs wbff gnnk th slhw wlot yhu lovn jhugk. Nvofuotbgm bgefukns4
Fhhibgm ot bgjhraotbhg ogk rnsufts hcdnetbvnfy
Ossnssbgm rnsufts eornjuffy ogk wbtl oworngnss hj ogy rnstrbetbhgs hr bgjfungens
Elneibgm rnsufts th aoin surn tlny orn oeeurotn ogk nvbkngenk.
Upngenr Ehffnmn >> CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
BG[NSPSN[BGM RH^S EHGEF^UBHGU Bgtnrprntotbhg hj yhur ogofysbs aust prhvbkn efnor ehgefusbhgs. Snsufts aust cn dustbjbnk ogk nvbkngenk. Nvbkngen rnfotns th ehgjbraotbhg hj tln joets, bgjfungens, hpbgbhgs ogk ogy htlnr joethr tlot rnfotns th yhur rnsnorel. Ogy ospnet tlot eogght cn ehgjbrank slhufk cn rnehmgbsnk ogk kheuangtnk th bgefukn tln phssbcfn rnoshgs os th wly tlbs aoy cn tln eosn. Rhu aoy wogt th4
Eotnmhrbsn rnsufts
Prbhrbtbsn ehgefusbhgs oeehrkbgm th tln hcdnetbvns
Zbsuoffy kbspfoy tln rnsufts bg o elort hr mropl jhraot
Prhvbkn rnoshgs jhr rnsufts.
ZOFBKB[R ]lntlnr rnsnorel bs vofbk hr ght, bs ght hgfy ojjnetnk cy tln rnsufts mobgnk cut ofsh cy tln knsbmg hj tln rnsnorel ogk tln antlhks tlot lovn cnng usnk th ehffnet bgjhraotbhg. bgjhraotbhg. [lnrn orn twh typns hj vofbkbty bg rnsnorel9 bgtnrgof ogk nxtnrgof. Bgtnrgof joethrs orn tlhsn tlot orn ernotnk cy tln rnsnorel btsnfj ogk tln woy tln rnsnorelnr ogofysns bgjhraotbhg bgjhraotbhg.. Bgtnrgof joethrs bgefukn4
[banjroan hj rnsnorel ― wos thh auel hr thh fbttfn tban mbvng th eorry hut tln rnsnorel8
Lbsthry ― kbk og ugnxpnetnk nvngt heeur wlbfst rnsnorel wos cnbgm eorrbnk hut8
Unfnetbhg ― wos snfnetbhg hj sucdnets rogkha hr kbk rnsnorelnr elhben hj sucdnets ernotn cbos thworks hgn sucdnet8
Aoturotbhg ― wnrn elogmns jhugk bg wlot wnrn anosurnk purnfy kun th ghraof knvnfhpangt hvnr tban8
Nqubpangt/antlhk sngsbtbvbty
Nxpnrbangtof ahrtofbty ― kbk ogy portbebpogts portbe bpogts krhp hut hj tln stuky8 Kbk ogy hgfbgn bgjhraotbhg cnehan ugovobfocfn8
Nxtnrgof vofbkbty rnjnrs th wlntlnr tln jbgkbgms hj tln rnsnorel orn oppfbeocfn th htlnr mrhups. Jhr nxoapfn, tln spngkbgm locbts hj ahtlnrs omnk 3>-5> bs ght fbinfy th cn tln soan os sbgmfn Upngenr Ehffnmn >: CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
ang, ogk sh tln jbgkbgms hj tln bgbtbof rnsnorel eogght efoba th slhw lhw tln fottnr mrhup hj pnhpfn spngk tlnbr ahgny. Bg hrknr th ngsurn rnsufts orn nxtnrgoffy vofbk, bt bs baphrtogt th joethr bg tlot gh twh pnhpfn orn tln soan. [lnrnjhrn, yhu slhufk nbtlnr joethr tlbs bgth rnsnorel th aoin surn, bj usbgm portbebpogts, tlnrn bs kbvnrsbty, hr khg‒t efoba tlot tln rnsufts orn oppfbeocfn hutsbkn tln rogmn hj pnhpfn usnk bg yhur rnsnorel.
Upngenr Ehffnmn >= CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 3K
Upngenr Ehffnmn >< CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
5. PSNUNG[ SNUNOSEL BGJHSAO[BHG 5.?. Bkngtbjy opprhprbotn antlhks hj rnphrtbgm, ehgsbknrbgm tln bgtngknk oukbngen ogk rnfnvogt hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnangts 5.3. Snphrt hg jbgkbgms bg og opprhprbotn jhraot, styfn ogk strueturn wbtlbg o prnkntnrabgnk tbanjroan tbanjroan
5.5.
Snphrt ogk kbstrbcutn rnsnorel jbgkbgms bg oeehrkogen wbtl hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnangts
5.;.
Hctobg jnnkcoei ogk ehaangts hg subtocbfbty ogk sujjbebngey hj jbgkbgms bg oeehrkogen wbtl hrmogbsotbhgof hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnangts rnqubrnangts
Upngenr Ehffnmn >2 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
5.? ― BKNG[BJR OPPSHPSBO[N AN[LHKU HJ SNPHS[BGM, EHGUBKNSBGM [LN BG[NGKNK O^KBNGEN OGK SNFNZOG[ HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Bkngtbjy antlhks th rnphrt tlot orn opprhprbotn th tln hrmogbsotbhg
Kntnrabgn rnfnvogt bgjhraotbhg ochut tln bgtngknk oukbngen
^sn bgjhraotbhg ochut tln oukbngen th prhvbkn tobfhrnk rnphrts.
SNPHS[BGM EHGEF^UBHGU Rhur hrmogbsotbhg wbff ahst fbinfy jhffhw snt antlhks jhr rnphrtbgm ogk prnsngtbgm bgjhraotbhg th htlnrs. [lnsn wbff cn tln antlhks tlot ahst subt tln whri ngvbrhgangt, toin bgth ehgsbknrotbhg oeenss th tnelghfhmy ogk rnshurens, rnshurens, ogk tlot jbt wbtl tln koy-th-koy hpnrotbhgs hj tln hrmogbsotbhg. [lbs wbff jhffhw phfbebns ogk prhenkurns prhenkurns rnfotbgm th pnrjhrabgm pnrjhrabgm whripfoen ehaaugbeotbhgs ogk kbsefhsurn hj bgjhraotbhg. Rhu aust bkngtbjy tln opprhprbotn antlhk th rnphrt yhur jbgkbgms ehgsbknrbgm tln goturn hj tln bgjhraotbhg ogk tln bgtngknk oukbngen. Antlhks jhr rnphrtbgm bgefukn4
Jhraof anntbgms
Prnsngtotbhgs
]hripfoen ehgsuftotbhgs
Naobf ogk wrbttng ehaaugbeotbhgs
Bgjhraof kbseussbhgs.
Pfoggbgm jhr kbstrbcutbhg
Pfoggbgm jhr tln kbstrbcutbhg hj rnsnorel jbgkbgms slhufk cn joethrnk bgth tln pfoggbgm jhr tln ngtbrnty hj yhur rnsnorel ogk slhufk ght hgfy cn eorrbnk hut hgen tln rnsnorel los cnng ehgefuknk. Dust os yhu slhufk ernotn o tbanfbgn jhr tln ehffnetbhg ogk ogofysbs hj rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg, bt bs mhhk proetben th ernotn o tbanfbgn jhr baphrtogt kbstrbcutbhg nvngts. [ln tbanfbgn aoy cn oangknk tlrhumlhut tln prhdnet bg hrknr th aoin surn tlot tln strotnmbns usnk orn stbff mhbgm th tormnt tln rbmlt oukbngen os tln rnsnorel prhmrnssns. Os wnff os tlbs, tbanfbgns aoy cn elogmnk th offhw jhr j hr ogy knvnfhpangts surrh surrhugkbgm ugkbgm tln sucdnet bg tln wbknr whrfk th ngsurn yhu‒rn rnphrtbgm ogk kbstrbcutbhg ehgsbknrs tlnsn. [LN BG[NGKNK O^KBNGEN ]lntlnr yhu orn prnsngtbgm th o jnw hr aogy ogk wlntlnr yhu orn prnsngtbgm th soan-fnvnf ehffnomuns hr sngbhr aogomnangt wbff ojjnet tln typn hj prnsngtotbhg yhu mbvn ogk tln woy bt
:0 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
bs knfbvnrnk. [lnrn orn tlbgms yhu eog kh prbhr th prnsngtbgm yhur rnehaangko rnehaangkotbhgs tbhgs ogk ehgefusbhgs th ngsurn bt bs mhbgm th cn knfbvnrnk bg o subtocfn woy.
:? Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
[lnsn bgefukn4
Snsnorelbgm tln oukbngen bg okvogen4
sbzn hj oukbngen
h
coeimrhugk ighwfnkmn hj sucdnet
h
stotus h ogy cbos/vbnwphbgts tlny lhfk
h
Joabfborbsbgm yhursnfj wbtl tln foyhut hj tln rhha yhu orn prnsngtbgm bg4
sbzn hj rhha
h
phwnr hutfnts
h
jurgbturn foyhut.
h
Snsnorelbgm tln oukbngen bg okvogen
Ighwbgm os auel os phssbcfn ochut yhur oukbngen cnjhrn prnsngtbgm th tlna, ogk eotnrbgm yhur prnsngtotbhg prnsngtotbhg oeehrkbgmfy, wbff aoin bt auel ahrn fbinfy tlot tlny wbff fbstng th yhu ogk ngmomn bg ogy kbseussbhgs tlot jhffhw. Jbgkbgm hut tln sbzn hj yhur oukbngen wbff lnfp yhu th kntnrabgn tln cnst woys th ehggnet wbtl tlna9 tlbs bgefukns lhw ngnrmntbe yhu aoy gnnk th cn, tln styfn hj tln prnsngtotbhg ogk lhw auel yhu wbff gnnk th prhdnet yhur vhben. Bt wbff ofsh ojjnet tln proetbeofbtbns suel os tln rhha snt-up ogk tnelghfhmy rnqubrnangts. rnqubrnangts. Bt wbff ofsh lnfp knebkn tln jhraofbty hj tln prnsngtotbhg ogk wlntlnr ogy logkhuts wbff cn gnnknk th nxpfobg hr nfochrotn hg tln bgjhraotbhg cnbgm slornk. Ighwbgm tln stotus hj tln oukbngen wbff ofsh bapoet hg tln typn hj prnsngtotbhg mbvng. ]lbfst tln prnsngtotbhg slhufk cn prhjnssbhgof, rnmorkfnss hj tlbs, lhw yhu ehgkuet yhursnfj, lhw yhu rnfoy bgjhraotbhg ogk prhvbkn tln ehgtngt aoy kbjjnr. Bt wbff cn nxpnetnk tlot o prnsngtotbhg th snrvben stojj, jhr nxoapfn, wbff cn vnry kbjjnrngt th hgn mbvng th stoinlhfknrs. ]lot tln oukbngen ofrnoky ighws ochut tln sucdnet cnbgm kbseussnk bs og baphrtogt bgjfungenr bg lhw th pbtel o prnsngtotbhg. prnsngtotbhg. Bj yhu orn prnsngtbgm th nxpnrts, yhu whg‒t wogt th usn sbapfn tnras, phtngtboffy oppnorbgm ehgknsengkbgm. Ubabforfy, tlhsn tlot orng‒t ighwfnkmnocfn ighwfnkmnoc fn wbff ght cngnjbt jrha spnebjbe tnras tlot tlny eogght ugknrstogk. Bt aoy aoin tlna jnnf bgjnrbhr ogk tlot yhu khg‒t vofun tlnbr bgput. Uuppfnangtory th tlbs, ighwbgm bj tln oukbngen ofrnoky lhfks ogy strhgm vbnwphbgts ochut tln sucdnet eog lnfp yhu th lhgn yhur prnsngtotbhg th ehacot hr omrnn wbtl tlnsn. Shha joabfborbsotbhg
:3 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
]lnrn yhu orn knfbvnrbgm yhur prnsngtotbhg aoy ght snna fbin o cbm bssun, cut bt eog pfoy o cbm port bg lhw yhu gnnk th prnsngt jhr tln cnst elogen hj sueenss. Bt bs okvbsocfn tlot yhu mbvn yhursnfj tln hpphrtugbty th sehpn hut tln rhha prbhr th tln prnsngtotbhg. [lbs aoy cn bg tln koys hr tln lhurs cnjhrnlogk. Jrha joabfborbsbgm yhursnfj wbtl tln rhha, yhu eog nstocfbsl4
Jnosbcfy, lhw aogy pnhpfn aoy cn bg tln rhha
Lhw yhu wbff gnnk th prhdnet yhur vhben ogk wlntlnr yhu wbff gnnk ogy oapfbjbeotbhg nqubpangt
]lnrn vbsuof obks wbff cn sbtuotnk
]lnrn bs cnst th stogk
]lntlnr yhu gnnk rnqunst elogmns th tln foyhut hj tln rhha.
:5 Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 5O
:; Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
5.3 ― SNPHS[ HG JBGKBGMU BG OG OPPSHPSBO[N JHSAO[, U[RFN OGK U[S^E[^SN ]B[LBG O PSN-KN[NSABGNK [BANJSOAN Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Kntnrabgn ehgtngt jhr prnsngtotbhgs
Bkngtbjy lhw th ehgstruet o rnphrt bg og opprhprbotn jhraot, styfn ogk strueturn
Prhkuen rnphrts bg o tbanfy aoggnr.
PSNUNG[BGM RH^S SNPHS[ Rhur rnphrt wbff ehaaugbeotn tln rnsufts hj yhur whri. Bt gnnks th oeeurotnfy phrtroy wlot yhu lovn khgn ogk wlot yhu lovn jhugk. Os suel, tln fogmuomn tlot yhu usn aust cn chtl ngmombgm ogk bgjhraotbvn. Bt aust cn nosy th jhffhw ogk ugknrstogk. ugknrstogk. [lbs oppfbns th yhur vnrcof ogk wrbttng rnphrtbgm. Snphrtbgm rnehaangkotbhgs, ossuaptbhgs ogk ehgefusbhgs bg rnsnorel aoy cn tln stnp th aoibgm jurtlnr knebsbhgs knebsbhgs bg cusbgnss oetbvbtbns. [lnrnjhrn, prhkuebgm ogk prnsngtbgm rnphrts aust cn oeehrkbgm th tln tbanjroans mbvng, ogk wlbfn tln thpbe bs stbff hj rnfnvogen. ]lng ehgkuetbgm rnsnorel rnsnorel ogk ogofysbs, bt bs baphrtogt th ehgjbra tln knokfbgn hj tln prhdnet th annt tlnsn nxpnetotbhgs. Orrogmbgm th knfbvnr tln rnphrt aust cn bgefuknk bg yhur selnkufns ogk tbanjroans. Rhu aust ofsh cn abgkjuf hj tln oukbngen th ngsurn yhu put thmntlnr o rnphrt tlot wbff cn hj bgtnrnst (os ehvnrnk bg snetbhg 5.? hj tlbs ugbt). [lbs ehvnrs tln ehgtngt hj yhur rnphrt ogk tln hvnroff prnsngtotbhg. prnsngtotbhg. EHG[NG[ [ln oetuof ehgtngt hj o prnsngtotbhg bs dust os baphrtogt os lhw yhu prnsngt tln bgjhraotbhg. [ln bgjhraotbhg gnnks th cn tobfhrnk sh tlot bt bs efnor ogk ehgebsn ogk nosbfy rnfoynk th tln oukbngen. Bj tlnrn bs thh fbttfn bgjhraotbhg, yhu rug tln rbsi hj ght prhvbkbgm nghuml supp supphrt hrt jhr yhur rnehaangkotbhgs9 rnehaang kotbhgs9 thh auel bgjhraotbhg ogk tln oukbngen aoy cnehan hvnrwlnfank ogk swbtel hjj. [ln prnsngtotbhg slhufk bgefukn4
Og bgtrhkuetbhg tlot nxpfobgs lhw tln rnsnorel rnfotns th tlna ogk tln hrmogbsotbhg
Hpphrtugbtbns th okkrnss ehgenrgs
Gh uggnenssory bgjhraotbhg
:> Upngenr Ehffnmn CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
O luaog ehggnetbhg wbtl tln oukbngen th lnfp mnt tlna hg sbkn.
U[S^E[^SN O wnff-strueturnk rnphrt bs systnaotbe ogk efnor. [lnrn orn guanrhus hrmogbsotbhgs, oeoknabe ogk htlnrwbsn, tlot rnqubrn rnphrts th cn wrbttng jhffhwbgm rnsnorel ogk mngnroffy, tlnsn rnphrts off jhffhw tln soan strueturn. O rnphrt usuoffy ehgsbsts hj4
[btfn pomn ― o crbnj cut kntobfnk nxpfogotbhg hj tln purphsn hj tln rnphrt. Aoy ofsh bgefukn goan, kotn hj sucabssbhg ogk wlh tln rnphrt wos ugknrtoing jhr
[nras hj rnjnrngen ― bgefukns wlh wbff rnok tln rnphrt, tln rnoshg jhr bt cnbgm wrbttng ogk lhw tln rnphrt wos wrbttng
Uuaaory (ocstroet) ― og hvnrvbnw hj tln rnphrt, tln hcdnetbvns hj tln rnsnorel, wlot wos jhugk ogk jurtlnr oetbhg
Ehgtngts ― tln elrhghfhmy hj tln rnphrt9 eloptnrs/lnokbgms ofhgmsbkn tlnbr ehrrnsphgkbgm pomn guacnr
Bgtrhkuetbhg ― hcdnetbvns hj rnsnorel nxpfobgnk bg b g kntobf, fbabtotbhgs hutfbgnk ogk poroantnrs hj tln rnsnorel nstocfbslnk
Antlhkhfhmy ― o fbst hj ogy nqubpangt usnk, lhw rnsnorel wos ehgkuetnk, ogy prnporotbhg ugknrtoing
Snsufts ― suaaory hj rnsufts wlbel bgefukns ogy vbsuof rnprnsngtotbhgs bgefukbgm kbomroas, tocfns ogk mropls
Kbseussbhg ― tln aobg chky hj tln rnphrt wlbel kbseussns tln koto motlnrnk, ogofysns bt ogk rnjnrs coei th tln rnsnorel hcdnetbvns
Upngenr Ehffnmn :: CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Ehgefusbhg ― nstocfbsl tln sbmgbjbeogen hj tln rnsnorel, rnehaangkotbhgs ogk hpphrtugbtbns jhr jurtlnr stuky
Oppngkbens ― ogy supphrtbgm nvbkngen tlot bs ght pucfbslnk suel os ehapfntnk qunstbhggobrns hr trogserbptbhgs.
O rnphrt aoy ofsh, cut ght ofwoys bgefukn4 Cbcfbhmroply ― og ofplocntbeof fbst hj off pucfbslnk shurens rnjnrngenk bg yhur rnphrt Oeighwfnkmnangts ― tlogis jhr ogyhgn tlot los
lnfpnk tlrhumlhut tln prhdnet
Mfhssory hj tnras ― knjbgbtbhgs hj ogy spnebjbe tnras os wnff os nxpfogotbhgs hj oerhgyas hr occrnvbotbhgs tlot lovn cnng bgefuknk.
O rnphrt wbff ght ofwoys bgefukn off hj tln lnokbgms fbstnk, ogk tlny ofsh aoy ght cn bg tln soan hrknr9 tlbs wbff cn nstocfbslnk cy yhur hrmogbsotbhg.
Upngenr Ehffnmn := CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
JHSAO[ [ln jhraot wbff, wbtlhut o khuct, ojjnet lhw efnor tln rnphrt bs ogk lhw nosy bt bs th jhffhw. O rnphrt slhufk cn ernotnk sh tlot bt fhhis prhjnssbhgof, prhjnssbhgof, bs ehgsbstngt ogk jhffhws o strobmltjhrwork strobmltjhrwor k potl wlbel ababes tlot ugknrtoing jhr tln prhdnet. Rhur hrmogbsotbhg aoy lovn o spnebjbe jhraottbgm styfn jhr rnphrts wlbel wbff gnnk th cn oklnrnk th. Jhraottbgm bgefukns4 Jhgt styfn Jhgt sbzn Fbgn spoebgm Ehfhurs Bgkngtotbhgs ^sn hj guacnrbgm ogk cuffnt phbgts
Phsbtbhgbgm hj baomns, mropls ogk vbsuof obks.
[SOGUJNSSBGM SNPHS[U Rhur hrmogbsotbhg aoy rnqubrn yhu th trogsjnr tln bgjhraotbhg jrha o wrbttng rnphrt bgth htlnr jhraots suel os og hgfbgn ortbefn, sfbknslhw prnsngtotbhg hr vbknh. Bj tlbs bs o rnqubrnangtt hj tln kheuangtbgm prhenss, rnqubrnang prhenss, tln jhraottbgm styfn slhufk try th cn os efhsn th tln hrbmbgof rnphrt os phssbcfn. [lbs wbff ngsurn ehgsbstngey cntwnng jhraots ogk rnkuen tln rbsi hj rnphrt ehgtngt mhbgm owry wlng trogsjnrrnk.
Upngenr Ehffnmn :< CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 5C
Upngenr Ehffnmn :2 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
5.5 ― SNPHS[ OGK KBU[SBC^[N SNUNOSEL JBGKBGMU BG OEEHSKOGEN ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
Knebkn strotnmbns jhr rnphrtbgm ogk kbstrbcutbgm rnsnorel jbgkbgms
^sn cusbgnss tnelghfhmy bg rnphrtbgm ogk kbstrbcutbgm oetbvbtbns
Ehaaugbeotn rnsnorel jbgkbgms th hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnangts.
SNPHS[BGM RH^S OGOFRUBU [ln rnphrtbgm ogk kbstrbcutbhg hj rnsnorel jbgkbgms bs tln prhenss hj rnfoybgm tln jbgkbgms jrha rnsnorel ugknrtoing ugknrtoing th stoinlhfknrs, sh tlot wlot wos kbsehvnrnk eog cn tln cosbs jhr elogmn. Rhur hrmogbsotbhg aoy lovn kbjjnrngt rnoshgs jhr pnrjhrabgm tlbs, wlbel yhu wbff gnnk th cn oworn hj. Jhr nxoapfn, bj tln purphsn bs th aoin stoinlhfknrs oworn hj eurrngt aorint prhmrnss, tlng yhu wbff wogt th coei up yhur jbgkbgms wbtl efnor nxpfogotbhgs ogk phssbcfy nxoapfns hj wlot bs loppngbgm bg tln aorint rbmlt ghw. Lhwnvnr, bj tln oba hj tln rnphrt bs th prhvbkn o snt hj jbgogebof jbmurns, tlng yhu wbff wogt th rnprhkuen bgjhraotbhg ogk koto efnorfy9 jhr nxoapfn bg tocfns, mropls ogk elorts. U[SO[NMBNU JHS KBU[SBC^[BHG Dust os tlnrn orn o rogmn hj antlhks jhr ehffnetbgm bgjhraotbhg, tlnrn orn o rogmn hj antlhks jhr kbstrbcutbgm bt. Bt bs hjtng okvbsocfn th kbstrbcutn okvogens bg rnsnorel tlrhumlhut tln prhdnet, nspneboffy th stoinlhfknrs os bt eog lnfp aobgtobg tlnbr bgtnrnst bg tln sucdnet ogk ngsurn tln jbgkbgms orn mhbgm th bgjfungen tlna.
Upngenr Ehffnmn =0 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Dust os wbtl rnsnorel antlhks, ogy kbstrbcutbhg strotnmbns slhufk cn opprhprbotn th tln bgjhraotbhg yhu wogt th slorn ogk tln oukbngen wlha yhu wbsl th slorn bt wbtl. ]lng usbgm o rogmn hj strotnmbns, tln bgjhraotbhg rnphrtnk rnphrtnk bg noel wbff ght gnenssorbfy cn tln soan, bt gnnks th cn tobfhrnk sh tlot bt ngmomns tln oukbngen bt rnoelns. ]oys th kbstrbcutn rnsnorel jbgkbgms bgefukn4
Ehgjnrngens
Unabgors
Anntbgms
Dhurgofs
Hgfbgn pucfbslbgm
Ankbo ehvnromn
Prnss rnfnosn
[ormntnk aobfbgm
[robgbgm nvngts
Gnwsfnttnr
Prnsngtotbhgs.
Utrotnmbns aust toin bgth ehgsbknrotbhg rnshuren ogk cukmnt rnqubrnangts. Rhur hrmogbsotbhg wbff gnnk th lovn nqubpangt, nxpnrtbsn nxpnrtbsn ogk jugks bg pfoen th knfbvnr o ahrn ehapfnx antlhk hj rnphrtbgm ogk kbstrbcutbhg. Jhr nxoapfn, o cusbgnss snabgor wbff rnqubrn tban owoy jrha tln whripfoen, trogsphrtotbhg, jugks th lbrn ogk orrogmn tln vngun rnqubrnangts, ogk tnelgbeof nxpnrtbsn th aogomn nqubpangt. Utrotnmbns aust ofsh cn omrnnk ogk ehaaugbeotnk wbtl tln tnoa hr pnhpfn bgvhfvnk bg tln rnsnorel prhdnet. Off pnrshgs tlot aoy cn rnqubrnk th knfbvnr tlbs aust cn bgefuknk bg tln pfoggbgm ogk prhkuetbhg rnqu rnqubrnangts brnangts jhr tnoa ehgsbstngey. [NELGHFHMR JHS PSNUNG[O[BHGU
Upngenr Ehffnmn =? CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Bg tln ahknrg omn, tlnrn bs o pfntlhro hj tnelghfhmy ogk shjtworn tlot wlng usnk ehrrnetfy, eog mrnotfy baprhvn tln knfbvnry hj o prnsngtotbhg. Uuel tnelghfhmy bgefukns4
PhwnrPhbgt
Prhdnethr
Uernng eost
Aberhplhgn
Bgtnroetbvn ankbo
Fosnr phbgtnr.
Bg hrknr th usn cusbgnss tnelghfhmy ogk shjtworn sueenssjuffy4
Ngsurn yhu ighw lhw th usn off hj tln jugetbhgs prbhr th tln prnsngtotbhg
Ehgsbknr lhw nvnryhgn bs mhbgm th cn ocfn th vbnw og nfnetrhgbe prnsngtotbhg
Elhhsn jhgt ogk ehfhur eornjuffy
Khg‒t hvnrfhok prnsngtotbhg sfbkns wbtl bgjhraotbhg
Snjrobg jrha fhhibgm ot o sernng ogk rnebtbgm wlot bs hg9 ngsurn yhu orn kbrnetbgm spnnel th tln oukbngen
Khg‒t usn bt jhr tln soin hj bt, htlnrwbsn, bt eog kntroet jrha tln ehgtngt hj tln prnsngtotbhg
Ofwoys prnporn o coeiup anogs hj prnsngtbgm bg eosn hj nfnetrhgbe joufts.
Upngenr Ehffnmn =3 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
EHAA^GBEO[BHG EHAA^GBEO[ BHG PSOE[BEN Bg hrknr th ahst njjnetbvnfy ehaaugbeotn yhur jbgkbgms, bssuns ogk rnehaangkotbhgs, rnehaangkotbhgs, bt bs baphrtogt th ehaaugbeotn bg o woy tlot bs efnor, ehgebsn, ehgjbkngt, ogk tlot cubfks ropphrt. Ehaaugbeotbhg tnelgbquns jhr tlbs purphsn bgefukn4
Ighw tln anssomn yhu orn trybgm th knfbvnr, ogk aoin surn tlbs bs ehgvnynk. Innp yhur prnsngtotbhgs ogk/hr wrbttng rnphrts ehgebsn ogk th-tln-phbgt9 kh ght bgefukn uggnenssory hr kbstroetbgm bgjhraotbhg
Knfbvnr bgjhraotbhg bg auftbpfn jhraots, n.m., prnsngtotbhg ogk lork ehpy
Kh ght rusl sphing ehaaugbeotbhgs ― offhw tban jhr pousns ogk jhr bgjhraotbhg th cn kbmnstnk os gnenssory
Mbvn hpphrtugbty jhr htlnrs th phsn qunstbhgs ogk cn ovobfocfn th rnsphgk th qunstbhgs ogk qunrbns
Ehgsbknr yhur ottbtukn wlng prnsngtbgm bgjhraotbhg ― snnabgm chrnk hr kbsbgtnrnstnk eog aoin htlnrs ofsh fhsn bgtnrnst b gtnrnst thh
^sn chky fogmuomn njjnetbvnfy ― oppnor opprhoelocfn ogk ngmomnk9 n.m., turg th tln pnrshg wlh bs spnoibgm
Ehgsbknr lhw tnxtuof ogk mroplbe bgjhraotbhg bs kbspfoynk ― prnsngt bgjhraotbhg efnorfy ogk bg o fhmbeof hrknr, ovhbkbgm hvnrerhwkbgm pomns hr prnsngtotbhg sfbkns9 ehgsbknr tln usn hj lnokbgms, cuffnts ogk snetbhgs th hrmogbsn bgjhraotbhg efnorfy
Krow ottngtbhg th tln fbgis cntwnng bgjhraotbhg9 bj tlnrn bs eousn ogk njjnet, hr o trngk, hr pottnrg, khg‒t fnovn bt th tln oukbngen th bgtnrprnt ― tnff yhur oukbngen wlot tlbs anogs
Cn ehgjbkngt bg vhbebgm yhur hpbgbhgs hg bssuns ogk rnehaangkotbhgs, ogk ofwoys coei-up yhur bknos wbtl supphrtbgm nvbkngen jrha yhur rnsnorel.
Upngenr Ehffnmn =5 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 5E
Upngenr Ehffnmn =; CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
5.; ― HC[OBG JNNKCOEI OGK EHAANG[U HG U^B[OCBFB[R OGK U^JJBEBNGER HJ JBGKBGMU BG OEEHSKOGEN ]B[L HSMOGBUO[BHGOF SN_^BSNANG[U Cy tln ngk hj tlbs eloptnr, tln fnorgnr slhufk cn ocfn th4
^sn kbjjnrngt antlhks th mobg jnnkcoei, wlbel orn bg fbgn wbtl hrmogbsotbhgof rnqubrnangts
Motlnr o rogmn hj jnnkcoei jrha kbjjnrngt typns hj stoinlhfknrs/pnrshggnf, th ngsurn subtocbfbty ogk sujjbebngey hj jbgkbgms.
[LN ZOF^N HJ JNNKCOEI Jnnkcoei bs o phwnrjuf thhf tlot eog bgjfungen rnsnorel ogk lnfp povn tln woy jhr jurtlnr prhdnets. Bt eog ofsh lbmlfbmlt ogy ugrnofbsnk fbabtotbhgs hr khwgjoffs hj rnsnorel ofrnoky ugknrtoing. ugknrtoin g. Jnnkcoei slhufk ofwoys cn shumlt bg fbgn wbtl hrmogbsotbhgof prhenkurn ogk slhufk cn motlnrnk bg suel o woy tlot bt bs ehgstruetbvn ogk vofuocfn. U^B[OCBFB[R OGK U^JJBEBNGER [ln subtocbfbty hj jbgkbgms rnjnrs th wlntlnr tln jbgkbgms jbg kbgms lovn ogswnrnk tln oba hj tln rnsnorel ogk wlntlnr tlny rnfotn th hrmogbsotbhgof proetbens ogk tln aorint tln cusbgnss bs sbtuotnk bg. Uujjbebngey ehgenrgs wlntlnr nghuml nvbkngen los cnng mngnrotnk jrha tln jbgkbgms th cosn elogmns uphg. [lnsn orn baphrtogt joethrs th mobg jnnkcoei hg os tlny eog obk bg aoibgm elogmns th rnsnorel bg tln juturn sh tlot bt bs sujjbebngt ogk subtocfn. Jnnkcoei ochut tlnsn joethrs eog lnfp kntnrabgn wlntlnr tln fnvnf hj kntobf ot tln pfoggbgm stomn wos opprhprbotn, bj kbjjnrngt antlhks hj ehffnetbhg gnnk th cn okhptnk ogk bj ogofysbs wos rbmhrhu rbmhrhuss nghuml. AN[LHKU JHS HC[OBGBGM JNNKCOEI [lnrn bs gh hgn rbmlt woy th hctobg jnnkcoei ochut rnsnorel jbgkbgms, cut tln antlhk yhu usn slhufk cn opprhprbotn th tln hrmogbsotbhg ogk tln goturn hj tln rnsnorel btsnfj. Bt aoy cn vofuocfn th hctobg jnnkcoei bg o vorbnty hj woys bg hrknr th mobg tlhrhuml bgjhraotbhg. bgjhraotbhg. Antlhks jhr hctobgbgm jnnkcoei bgefukn4
Osibgm jhr kbrnet jnnkcoei hg tln aottnr
Prhvbkbgm jhras/survnys th mobg og ugknrstogkbgm hj tln fnvnf hj ehgsngsus
Upngenr Ehffnmn => CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
Ungkbgm qunstbhggobrns hut th motlnr hpbgbhgs
Ehgkuetbgm nxpfhrothry bgtnrvbnws
Lhfkbgm jurtlnr anntbgms th ehgjbra tlhumlts ogk hpbgbhgs
Uhebof fbstngbgm th moumn bapoet.
Upngenr Ehffnmn =: CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
PNSUHGGNF Os wnff os usbgm o rogmn hj antlhks th motlnr jnnkcoei, hctobgbgm jnnkcoei jrha o vorbnty hj pnhpfn eog lnfp rnoffy mobg o knptl hj ugknrstogkbgm ochut tln rnsnorel thpbe ogk jbgkbgms. Kbjjnrngt pnhpfn wbff lovn kbjjnrngt vbnwphbgts ochut tln jbgkbgms, ogk sh tlbs eog lnfp snn tln rnsufts jrha o rogmn hj pnrspnetbvns. Pnrshggnf th hctobg jnnkcoei hg aoy bgefukn4
Ehgsuanrs
Nxpnrts
[noa anacnrs
Utoinlhfknrs
Hrmogbsotbhg.
Noel typn hj pnrshg wbff lovn o kbjjnrngt osshebotbhg wbtl tln thpbe, ogk yhu eog mobg o cnttnr ugknrstogkbgm hj lhw tlbs aoy ojjnet pnrshggnf.
Upngenr Ehffnmn == CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OE[BZB[R 5K
Upngenr Ehffnmn =< CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
U^AAO[BZN OUUNUUANG[U Ot tln ngk hj yhur Fnorgnr ]hrichhi, yhu wbff jbgk tln Uuaaotbvn Ossnssangts. [lbs bgefukns4
Uibffs Oetbvbty
Ighwfnkmn Oetbvbty
Pnrjhraogen Oetbvbty.
[lbs lhfbstbeoffy ossnssns yhur ugknrstogkbgm ogk oppfbeotbhg hj tln sibffs, ighwfnkmn ogk pnrjhraogen rnqubrnangts rnqubrnangts jhr tlbs ugbt. Hgen tlbs bs ehapfntnk, yhu wbff lovn jbgbslnk tlbs ugbt ogk cn rnoky th ahvn hgth tln gnxt hgn ― wnff khgn!
Upngenr Ehffnmn =2 CUCSNU;?? Ogofysn ogk prnsngt rnsnorel bgjhraotbhg Znrsbhg ?
OPPNGKBENU FNMOF HCFBMO[BHGU [lnrn orn o guacnr hj fnmof hcfbmotbhgs tlot yhu wbff lovn th ehapfy wbtl wlng whribgm bg o rnsnorel eopoebty wbtlbg o cusbgnss. [lnsn bgefukn, cut orn ght fbabtnk th4
Prbvoey Oet ?2
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