BSA Antenna Theory
March 28, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Antenna Theory Basic Principles for Daily Applications Applications
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
1
November 2003
Dipole
F0 (MHz) λ (Meters) λ (Inches) 30
¼λ
¼λ
F0
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
2
10.0
393.6
80
3.75
147.6
160
1.87
73.8
280
1.07
42.2
460
0.65
25.7
800
0.38
14.8
960 1700
0.31 0.18
12.3 6.95
2000
0.15
5.90
3D View Antenna Pattern
Source: COMSEARCH DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
3
Understanding the Mysterious “DB” re%$t"&e t' $ d"'%e "n et* s$ce “dBd” !"#n$% stren#th re%$t"&e “dB"” !"#n$% stren#th re%$t"&e re%$t"&e t' $n "s'tr'"c r$d"$t'r r$d"$t'r “dB” +",,erence -eteen t' t ' s"#n$% stren#ths “dB” /-s'%te s"#n$% stren#th stren#th re%$t"&e t' 1 "%%"$tt “dB” 1 $tt 0 dB 1 $tt
30 d B
20 $tts 43 dB
'te :he ;'#$r"th"c !c$%e 10 %'#10 ( 16 dd ?#evat!on eam/!dth > 6.5<
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
!"tan$e )'m,
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
31
Upper Sidelo/e Suppression Suppression h$t "s "tD %%er "!de#obe "+%%re""!on )S=S, !" an array o%t!m!-at!on te$hn!*+e that red+$e" the +nde"!rab#e "!de#obe" above the ma!n #obe.
h* "s "t se,%D or array" /!th a narro/ vert!$a# beam/!dth )#e"" than 121 015< >1 5203040< >4 0 2 1 d > d > 15 d > 11 d > 9 d > 5 d >1.5 d
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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,ross7Pol !atio #,P!$ h$t "s "tD
120<
!" a $om%ar!"on o& the $o%o# v". $ro""%o# %attern %er&orman$e o& a d+a#%o#ar!-ed antenna (enera##y over the "e$tor o& !ntere"t )a#ternat!ve#y over the 3 d beam/!dth,. :
60
nde"!red
H 100
60
R
300
e"!red
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
37
Antenna 7 Based Syste) =)pro&e)ents = )pro&e)ents :ey antenna para)eters to e;a)ine closely< 950
85 G
Standard 85< ane# Antenna 7d
o## o&& at ; 60<
6d
74<
10 d %o!nt"
83<
74L
16d
35d
@or!-onta# AntAnt :"o#at!on Net Se$tor AntAnt :"o#at!on
83L
12d
18d
120<
one
60<
one o&ronttoa$' Great S!#en$eat!o /!th M40d
o& S!#en$e
Area o& oor S!#en$eat!o /!th /!th M27d ronttoa$'
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
38
%he =)pact> (ower ,o7,hannel =nterference?Better =nterference?Better ,apacity @ uality In $ three sect'r s"te tr$d"t"'n$% $ntenn$s r'dce $ h"#h de#ree ', "er,ect 'er c'ntr'% 'r sect'r '&er%$.
Traditiona !at Panes
Ier,ect sect'r"z$t"'n resents ''rtn"t"es ,'r
Incre$sed s',ter h$nd',,s Inter,er"n# s"#n$%s
+r'ed c$%%s
=edced c$$c"t*
65L
90L
DECIBEL® Log Periodics :he r$"d r'%%',, the %'er %'-es ', N the +AIB; %'#',er"'d"c $ntenn$s cre$te %$r#er -etter de,"ned “c'nes ', s"%ence” -eh"nd the $rr$*.
Mch s$%%er s',ter h$nd',, $re$
+r$$t"c c$%% J$%"t* "r'&eent
5? 10 ? c$$c"t* enh$nceent
65 DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
90
39
12HI Sector &erlay =ssues “n the ,apacity and utage Pro/a/ility of a ,DMA +eirarchial Mo/ile Syste) with Perfect?=)perfect Power ,ontrol and Sectori8ation” By> ie C+U et al =E=,E %!A-S *U-DAME-%A(S V('E027 V('E027A A -' U(F 1444
' ' ' *ro) the nu)erical results the user capacities are dra)atically decreased as the i)perfectt power control increases and the o&erlap /etween the sectors #i)perfect i)perfec sectori8ation$ increases ' ' '
“Effect of Soft and a nd Softer +andoffs on ,DMA Syste) ,apacity” By> ,hin7,hun (ee et al =EEE %!A-SA,%=-S - VE+=,U(A! %E,+-("F V(' G -' 3 AU"US% 1440
f s o s e l g o a y t t i n c e c r a p P e a c o&erlapping angle in degree
Qualitatively, excessive overlay also reduces capacity of TD! a" a"d d #$ syste%s&
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
40
Syste) =ssues
hoo"!n( "e$tor antenna"
o/nt!#t B e#e$tr!$a# v". me$han!$a#
?T o%t!m!-at!on
a""!ve !ntermod+#at!on ):D,
et+rn #o"" thro+(h $oa
attern d!"tort!on
Antenna !"o#at!on
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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,hoosing Sector Antennas F'r 3 sect'r ce%% s"tes h$t h$t er,'r$nce d",,erences c$n -e eected ,r' the se ', $ntenn$s "th d",,erent h'r"z'nt$% $ertresD
Ar"ter"$
Area o& "erv!$e !nd!&&eren$e !nd!&&eren$e bet/een bet/een adJa$ent "e$tor" )%!n(%on( area,. or $om%ar!"on +"e 6 d d!&&erent!a#". Antenna (a!n and overa## overa## "e$tor $overa(e.
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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3 ; 12HI Antennas
57L
3 dB
12HI +ori8ontal &erlay Pattern
Examples: DB0G+12H DB05+12H DB00+12H DB40+12H DB40H+12H DB402+12H
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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3 ; 4HI A Antennas ntennas 43L
4HI +ori8ontal &erlay Pattern Examples: DB0G2+4H DB0GG+4H DB0G0+4H DB05G+4H DB055+4H
5 dB
DB4G0+4H DB40+4H DB40H+4H DB402+4H
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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3 ; 56I A Antennas ntennas 24L
56I +ori8ontal &erlay Pattern Examples:
6 dB
DB03G 3G+ +H DB0G2 G2+ +56 DB0GG GG+ +56 DB0G0 G0+ +56 DB00G 0G+ +5H DB005 05+ +5H DB04G+56 DB045+56 DB040+56
DB43 43H HDD56 DB43 432 2DD56 DB4G 4G0 0+56 DB4 40 0+56 DB40 40H H+56 DB40 402 2+56
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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Bea) Downtilt In r-$n $re$s ser&"ce $nd ,reJenc* t"%"z$t"'n $re ,reJent%* "r'&ed -* d"rect"n# $" r$d"$t"'n 'er $t $n $re$ -e%' the h'r"z'n.
:h"s :echn"Je
:m%rove" $overa(e o& o%en area" $#o"e to the ba"e "tat!on. A##o/" more e&&e$t!ve e&&e$t!ve %enetrat! %enetrat!on on o& nearby b+!#d!n(" %art!$+#ar h!(htra&&!$ h!(htra&&!$ #o/er #eve#" and (ara(e". erm!t" the +"e o& adJa$ent &re*+en$!e" !n the "ame (enera# re(!on.
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
46
Electrical?Mechanical Downtilt
De$han!$a# do/nt!#t #o/er" ma!n beam ra!"e" ba$' #obe.
?#e$tr!$a# do/nt!#t #o/er" ma!n beam and #o/er" ba$' #obe.
A $omb!nat!on o& e*+a# e#e$tr!$a# e#e$tr!$a# and me$han!$a# do/nt!#t" do/nt!#t" #o/er" ma!n beam and br!n(" ba$' #obe onto the hor!-onK
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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Electrical?Mechanical Downtilt
Mech$n"c
%$%ectr"c
%$ DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
48
DB6H03 Downtilt Mounting :it
+B5083 +'nt"%t M'nt"n# "t "s c'nstrcted ', he$&* dt* #$%&$n"zed des"#ned ,'r "estee% 'nt"n# 12O t' 20O "de $ne% $ntenn$s.
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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Mechanical Downtilt
De$han!$a# T!#t a+"e"C e eam am ea ea' ' to T!#t e# e#o/ o/ @o @or! r!-o -on n a a$' $' = =ob obe e to T!#t Abo bove ve @ @or or!!-on on At U 90< N No o T!#t
attern Ana#o(yC Ana#o(yC otat!n( a !"'
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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Mechanical Downtilt ,o&erage 90 110
100
90 80
110
70
120
60
80
70
120
30
150
50
140
40
140
60
130
50
130
100
40
150 160
20
160
30 20
170
10
170
10
180
0
180
0
190
350
190
350
200
340
210
330 220
320 230
310 240
300 250
260
270 280
290
?#evat!on attern
200
340
210
330 320
220 230
310 240
300 250
260
270 280
290
A-!m+th attern
De$han!$a# T!#t 0< 4< 6< 8< 10<
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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DB03G+06!*7* HI Mechanical Downtilt
85L
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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DB03G+06!*7* I Mechanical Downtilt
93L
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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DB03G+06!*7* 16I Mechanical Downtilt
123L
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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DB03G+06!*7* 2HI Mechanical Downtilt
H'r"z'nt$% 3 dB B$nd"dth Cnde,"ned
DECIBEL ® Base Station Antennas
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Managing Bea) %i %ilt lt F'r the r$d"$t"'n $ttern t' sh' $" #$"n "n the d"rect"'n ', the h'r"z'n e$ch st$ced d"'%e st -e ,ed ,r' the s"#n$% s'rce “"n h$se”. h$se”. Feed"n# &ert"c$%%* &ert"c$%%* $rr$n#ed $rr$n#ed d"'%es “'t “'t ', h$se” "%% #ener$te $tterns th$t “%'' ” 'r “%'' d'n”. :he de#ree ', -e$ t"%t "s $ ,nct"'n ', the h$se sh",t ', 'ne d"'%e re%$t"&e t' the $dP$cent d"'%e.
B/M : @=/:I@ B :I;: +"'%es Fed “In
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