BS EN I S 0
BRITISH STANDARD
95 13:2002
Metallic materials ration Q£ extensometers used in uniaxial testing
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The European Standard EN IS0 9513:2002 has the status of a British Standard
ICs 77.040.10
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National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN IS0 9513:2002. It is identical with IS0 9513:1999. It supersedes BS EN 10002-4:1995 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee ISE/NFE/4, Mechanical testing of metals, to Subcommittee ISEíNFEIWl, Uniaxial testing of metals, which has the responsibility to:
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aid enquirers to understand the text;.
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- monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance w i t h a British Standard does n o t of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Engineering Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 9 October 2002
S u m m a r y of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN IS0 title page, the EN IS0 foreword page, the IS0 title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1to 10, a n inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.
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0 BSI 9 October 2002
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EN ISQ 9513
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2002
ICs 77.040.10
Supersedes EN 10002-4:1994
English version
Metallic materials - calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing (IS0 9513:1999) Matériaux métalliques - Etalonnage des extensomètres utilises lors d'essais unaxiaux (IS0 951131999)
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EN IS0 9513:2002
Foreword The text of I S 0 9513:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 "Mechanical testing of metals" of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN IS0 9513:2002 by Technical Committee ECISSTTC 1 "Steels Mechanical and physical tests", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identicaltext or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2003. This document supersedes EN 10002-4:1994. According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the InternationalStandard I S 0 9513:1999 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without any modifications.
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EN IS0 9513:2002
IS0
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
Second edition 1999-04-15
Corrected and reprinted 2001-02-01
Metallic materials - Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing Matériaux métalliques -Étalonnage des extensomètres utilisés lors d'essais unaxiaux
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EN IS0 9513:2002
Contents
Page
1Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2 Symbols and designations ........................................................................................................................
1
............1
;
3 Principle ....................................................................................................................................................................
2
4 Calibration apparatus ..............................................................................................................................................
2
5 Procedure .................................................................................................................................................................
2
5.1 Position of the extensometer .............................................................................................................................. 2 5.2 Temperature at which the calibration is made ..................................................................................................
2
................................................................................................
2
5.3 Accuracy of gauge length of the extensometer
5.4 Range of calibration .............................................................................................................................................
3
5.5 Calibration procedure ..........................................................................................................................................
3
5.6 Determination of the characteristics of the extensometer ...............................................................................
3
6 Classification of the extensometer ........................................................................................................................
3
7 Frequency of calibration ......................................................................................................................................... 4 8 Calibration report .....................................................................................................................................................
5
...........................................................
6
Annex B (informative) Parameters for classification of an extensometer .............................................................
7
Bibliography ..............................................................................................................................................................
10
Annex A (informative) Example of calibration ranges of an extensometer
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EN IS0 9613:2002
Foreword
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IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be’ represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with EO, also take part in the work. I S 0 collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 9513 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOTTC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC I,Uniaxial testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 9513:1989) which has been technically revised. This corrected and reprinted version incorporates the changes specified in IS0 9513:1999/Cor.l:2000 (E), which is hereby cancelled and replaced, together with an additional change to Table 2, row 4, column 3. Annexes A and B of this International Standard are for information only.
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EN IS0 9513:ZOOZ
Metallic materials testing
- Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial
1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for the static calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing. The t e m "extensometer" is understood to mean the displacement measuring device and the system for indicating or recording this displacement. This International Standard does not at present provide detailed guidance on the calibration of those types of NOTE extensometerwhich have:
-
variable gauge lengths;
-
no contact with the test piece;
-
full field strain measurements devices.
Special consideration should be given to such devices. These issues should be addressed at the next revision of this International Standard. However some guidance on this subject might be found in ASTM E83:1996 (see Bibliography).
2 Symbols and designations
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Symbols used throughout this International Standard are given in Table 1 together with their designation.
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EN IS0 9513:2002
3 Principie The calibration of an extensometer involves a comparison of the readings given by the extensometer with known variations in length provided by a calibration apparatus.
4 Calibration apparatus The calibration apparatus which allows a known displacement Zt, to be applied to the extensometer, may consist of a rigid frame with suitable coaxial spindles or other fixtures to which the extensometer can be attached. The calibration apparatus shall comprise a mechanism for moving at least one of the axial spindles and a device for accurately measuring the change in length produced. The variations in length can be measured, for example, using an interferometer or gauge blocks and a comparator or a screw micrometer. The gauge blocks, comparator, micrometer or interferometer used shall be calibrated by a method which is traceable to the international unit (SI) of length and their accuracy shall be known. The error of the calibration apparatus shall not be greater than one-third of the permissible error of the extensometer (see Table 2). The resolution of the calibration apparatus shall be in accordance with Table 2.
5 Procedure 5.1 Position of the extensometer The extensometer shall be placed in the calibration apparatus in the same position and orientation in which it is used during uniaxial testing so as to avoid errors due to loss of equilibrium or deformation of any part of the extensometer. The extensometer shall be attached in the same way as during uniaxial testing.
5.2 Temperature at which the calibration is made In general, the calibration of the extensometer shall be carried out at a temperature stable to within ? 2 "C; this temperature shall be within the range 18 "Cto 28 "C. For extensometers used for uniaxial testing at temperatures within the range 10 "Cto 35 OC,it is recommended that the calibration be carried out at or near the test temperature, if facilities exist. The extensometer shall be placed near the calibration apparatus or mounted on it for a sufficient length of time prior to its calibration so that the parts of the extensometer and of the calibration apparatus which are in contact shall attain the calibration temperature.
5.3 Accuracy of gauge length of the extensometer The gauge length of the extensometer can be measured directly or indirectly. The following indirect method is given as an example. The extensometer is placed on a soft metal test piece in such a way that the blades or points of the extensometer leave their marks. Once the extensometer is removed, the distance between the marks on the test piece is measured. The relative error on the gauge length, qLe, calculated from the following formula shall not exceed the values given in Table 2 .
Le
In the case of an extensometer having several gauge lengths, the calibration shall be carried ou? for each of the gauge lengths required by the user.
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~~
~
EN IS0 9513:2002
For extensometers where gauge length is defined by the test piece then the gauge length of this test piece shall be measured to an accuracy consistent with the class of extensometer to be used.
5.4 Range of calibration The calibration range shall be defined by the user to cover the measuring range required to determine a given material property. The maximum and minimum limits Emaxand Eminof the calibration range shall be such that:
If several calibration ranges are specified by the user, each one shall be calibred. An example of calibration ranges is given in annex A. The ranges of calibration shall be noted in the calibration report.
5.5 Calibration procedure 5.5.1 When the temperature has stabilized, it is recommended that, before calibration and by means of the calibration apparatus, the extensometer be tried for at least two lengths over the calibration range of the extensometer. If possible, the displacement is taken to a slightly negative value and returned to zero. Where appropriate, the extensometer is reset to zero.
5.5.2 The calibration consists first of one series of at least 10 measurements, I,, distributed approximately evenly over the calibration range of the extensometer. The extensometer is removed and then placed back on the calibration apparatus. A second series of measurements is then made in the same manner as the first. Depending on the expected use of the extensometer, the two series of measurements are made for increases in length or for decreases in length or for both. For each measurement point, calculate the relative bias error (see 5.6.2). The calibration shall be made without cleaning or lubricating any part of the extensometer. Whenever adjustements are needed for the extensometer to comply with class requirements for its intended use, the results shall be noted "after adjustment" on the calibration certificate.
5.6 Determinationof the characteristics of the extensometer 5.6.1 Resolution The resolution, r, is the smallest quantity which can be read on the instrument. The values of the resolution of the extensometer shall be in accordance with the values given in Table 2. 5.6.2 Relative bias error The relative bias error, q , for a given displacement, It, is calculated from the formula : --````,```,,,,`,`,,`,,`,``,```,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
li - I t q=-XI00
(3)
It
6 Classification of the extensometer Table 2 gives the maximum permissible Values for the relative gauge length error, the resolution and the relative bias error.
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EN IS0 9513:2002
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Table 2 - Classification of extensometers
NOTE For small gauge lengths ( G 25 mm) and for small strains, the user should consider one of the better classes of
extensometer. a
Whichever value is the greater.
7 Frequency of calibration The time between two calibrations depends on the type of extensometer, the maintenance standard and the number of times the extensometer has been used. Under normal conditions, it is recommended that calibration be carried out at intervals of approximately 12 months. This interval shall not exceed 18 months unless the test is expected to last more than 18 months; in such case the extensometer shall be calibrated before and after the test. The extensometer shall be calibrated after each repair or adjustment of its constituent elements which could affect the accuracy of measurements.
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EN IS0 9613:2002
8 Calibration report The calibration report shall contain at least the following information: a)
general information: reference to this International Standard, ¡.e. I S 0 9513; identification of the extensometer (type, gauge length, mark, serial number and mounting position);
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type and reference number of calibration apparatus; temperature at which the calibration was carried out; nature of variations of length for which the calibration was carried out, ¡.e. either for increases and/or for decreases in length; date of calibration; name or mark of the organisation which carried out the calibration; date of expiry of the calibration report.
b) results of the calibration: 1)
class of each range of the extensometer;
2)
the individual values of the bias errors, if requested.
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EN IS0 9513:2002
Annex A (informative) Example of calibration ranges of an extensometer
50 %
5%
0,5Yo 0.05 % First calibration range:
0,05 Yo to 0,5 %
Second calibration range:
0,5% to 5 %
Third calibration range:
5 % to 50 %
1
of the nominal value of the extensometer travel
Figure A.l
6
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EN IS0 9513:2002
Annex B (informative) Parameters for classification of an extensometer
In order to clarify the parameters used for the classification of extensometers (see clause 6): a)
Table B.l gives three examples of calculation of these parameters;
b)
the diagrams in Figures 8.1 and 8.2 illustrate clearly, for class 1 extensometers,how to decide which of the two limits, "relative"or "absolute",should be chosen.
Table B.l - Examples of calculation of parameters for the classification of extensometers 3ensometer
Absolute bias error
Measured value
True value
Relative bias error a
gauge length 4
Le
%
)isplacement
Strain
)isplacement
4
l,ne= Et
4
Strain lilLe =
lisplacement
li -It
Strain
Displacement
q
-x 100 4
&i-
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mm
Pm
50
1O0
2 x 10-3
io1
2,02 x 10-3
1
0,02 x 10-3
1O0
1O0
Ix
IO-^
1o1
I,OI
IO-^
1
O,OI x
IO-^
1O0
200
2x
IO-^
201
2.01 x 1 0 - ~
1
O,OI
x
IO-^
vm
vm
x
li - It
Strain Ei -&,
x 100
Et
a For a given displacement error, the relative error, q. is independent of the gauge length of the extensometer, Le. but is dependent on he displacement value, It.
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EN IS0 9513:2002
-
Use the resolution expressed as percentage of reading, r / l i (= 0,50%)
-
-
I
Figure B.1 - Resolution of a class 1 extensometer
8
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Use the absolute value, r (= 1.0 pm)
EN IS0 9513:ZOOZ
- 7 E I Y
+. z
-
1 5
vi
m .-
m
3
Use the absolute value ti - It ( = 13,Oprn)
Use the relative bias error, q (= 11,o %) F
rl
1
O
I
1O0
-1
I
300
500
700
True displacement given by the calibration apparatus Zt ( p m )
-3
\
-5
-7 Figure 8.2 - Limits of bias error of a class 1 extensometer
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EN IS0 9513:2002
Bibliography
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[I] ASTM E83:1996, Standard Practice for Verificationand Classification of Extensometers.
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