BS en 1176-1-2017
November 29, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download BS en 1176-1-2017...
Description
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
MZI Ztcfgcrgs Uumbijctilf
Ubc Ubcydrlufg ydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd Ucrt 3? D`f`rcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
M]IWIZA ZWCFGC]G
Fctilfcb hlr`wlrg Wais Mritisa Ztcfgcrg is ta` t a` PK inpb`n` i npb`n`ftct ftctilf ilf lh @F 33483348-3?=5 3?=534 34.. It sup`rs`g`s MZ @F 3348-3?=551, 3348-3?=551, waija is witagrcwf.
Zidfiijcft jacfd`s if ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr t`stifd ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctilf (cmslrmifd) lh pbcydrlufg surhcjifd acv` m``f iftrlguj`g iftl tais `gitilf lh ta` stcfgcrg tl (s`` r`b`jt t a` fctilfcb ta` if surhcjifd prlvisilf cjrlss @urlp` jbcus` 0.=). Wa`vcrictilfs PK jlnnitt`` ta`r`hlr` prlvig`s c Fctilfcb Cff`x tl jlnpby wita jbcus` 0.=. Fctilfcb Cff`x FC jlftcifs ta` PK r`quir`n`fts tl m` us`g ifst`cg lh Cff`x A lh @F 3348-3 3348-3?=53 ?=534; 4; ta`s` r`b`jt r` b`jt jurr`ft j urr`ft PK prcjtij` tact acs a cs prlv`f lv`r ta` bih`tin` lh ta` jurr`ft stcfgcrg tl m` r`cslfcmb` cfg prlplrtilfct`. Lp`rctlrs cfg prlvig`rs cr` cgvis`g tact pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft r`quir`s r`dubcr ncift`fcfj`; duigcfj` lf tais cfg cpprlprict` ifsp`jtilf, ncift`fcfj` cfg lp`rctilfcb sja`gub`s cr` jlftcif`g witaif MZ @F 33 334848-4? 4?=53 =534 4. Jbcus` 8.3.7 lh tais t ais stcfgcr s tcfgcrg g prlvig`s hlr ifsp`jt ifs p`jtilf ilf cfg ncift`fcfj` ifhlrnctilf cfg duigcfj` hrln ta` ncfuhcjtur`r lh ta` `quipn`ft; tais is tl cssist lp`rctlrs if g`t`rnififd ta`ir sch`ty ncfcd`n`ft syst`n. It is cppr`jict`g tact pbcydrlufgs cr` bik`by tl jlftcif c rcfd` lh `quipn`ft hrln gihh`r`ft ncfuhcjtur`rs cfg ifstcbb`g lv`r c funm`r lh y`crs; lp`rctlrs salubg inpb`n`ft cfy duigcfj` prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r. It`n It`n sp`jiij g`tcib is flt r`cgiby cvcibcmb` tl Cffucb Ubcydrlufg ifsp`jtlrs wals` r`plrt jlftrimut`s tl ta` lp`rctlrs lv`rcbb Cffucb Ncif Ifsp`jtilf cs g`tcib`g if tais stcfgcrg. Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft flt jlnpbyifd wita @F 3348-3?=534 salubg flt cutlnctijcbby m` jlfsig`r`g cs m`ifd ufsch` lr tl r`quir` r`pbcj`n`ft. C risk css`ssn`ft my jlnp`t`ft p`rslfs salubg m` us`g tl g`t`rnif` wact cjtilf, ih cfy, is f`j`sscry. Ncfuhcjtur`rs cfg ifsp`jtlrs lh ta` ]`dist`r lh Ubcy Ifsp`jtlrs Ift`rfctilfcb (]UII) cr` cnlfdst tals` tact wibb m` cmb` tl cssist if tais. Wa` PK pcrtijipctilf if its pr`pcrctilf wcs `ftrust`g tl W`jafijcb Jlnnitt``` ZT/80, Jlnnitt` ZT/80, Jaibgr`f's pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. ` quipn`ft. C bist lh lrdcfizctilfs r`pr`s`ft`g lf tais jlnnitt`` jcf m` lmtcif`g lf r`qu`st tl its s`jr`tcry. Wais pumbijctilf gl`s flt purplrt tl ifjbug` cbb ta` f`j`sscry prlvisilfs lh c jlftrcjt. Ps`rs cr` r`splfsimb` hlr its jlrr`jt cppbijctilf. © Wa` Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs Ifstitutilf =534 Uumbisa`g my MZI Ztcfgcrgs Binit`g =534 IZMF 941 5 015 18=14 1 IJZ 94.=55.75 Jlnpbicfj` wita c Mritisa Ztcfgcrg Jlnpbicfj` Zt cfgcrg jcfflt jlfh`r innufity hrln b`dcb lmbidctilfs.
Wais Mritisa Ztcfgcrg wcs pumbisa`g ufg`r ta` cutalrity lh ta` Ztcfgcrgs Ulbijy cfg Ztrct`dy Jlnnitt`` lf :5 Flv`nm`r =534.
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
M]IWIZA ZWCFGC]G
Cn`fgn`fts/jlrrid`fgc Cn`fgn`fts/ jlrrid`fgc issu`g sifj` si fj` pumbijctilf
Gct`
W`x t ch h`j t`g
@P]LU@CF ZW ZWCFGC]G CFGC]G
@F 3348-3
FL]N@ @P]LUÉ@FF@ @P]LUÇIZJA@ FL]N
Ljtlm`r =534
I JZ 9 4 . =5 5 . 7 5
Zup` rs `g` s @F 3348-3?=551
@fdbisa X`rsilf
Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd - Ucrt 3? D`f`rcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs Équip`n`fts `t slbs g’cir`s g` o`ux - Ucrti` 3? @xid`fj`s g` séjurité `t nétalg`s g’`ssci défércb`s
Zpi`bpbctzd`rçt` ufg Zpi`bpbctzmøg`f W`ib 3? Cbbd`n`if` sija`ra`itst`jafisja` Cfhlrg`rufd`f ufg Uròhv`rhcar`f
Wais @urlp`cf @urlp` cf Ztcfgcrg Ztcfgc rg wcs cpprlv`g my J@F lf 1 Ouf` =534. =534. J@F n`nm`rs cr` mlufg tl jlnpby wita ta` J@F/J@F@B@J Ift`rfcb ]`dubctilfs waija stipubct` ta` jlfgitilfs hlr divifd tais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg ta` stctus lh c fctilfcb stcfgcrg witalut cfy cbt`rctilf. Pp-tl-gct` bists cfg mimbildrcpaijcb r`h`r`fj`s jlfj`rfifd suja fctilfcb stcfgcrgs ncy m` lmtcif`g lf cppbijctilf tl ta` J@F-J@F@B@J Ncfcd`n`ft J`ftr` lr tl cfy J@F n`nm`r.
Wais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg `xist s if tar`` lhijicb v`rsilfs (@fdbisa, Hr`fja, D`rncf). C v`rsilf if cfy lta`r bcfducd` ncg` my trcfsbctilf ufg`r ta` r`splfsimibity lh c J@F n`nm`r iftl its lwf bcfducd` cfg fltii`g flti i`g tl ta` J@F-J@F@B@J Ncfcd`n`ft J`ftr` J`ftr` acs ta` scn` stctus cs c s ta` lhijicb v`rsilfs. J@F n`nm`rs cr` ta` fctilfcb stcfgcrgs mlgi`s lh Custric, M`bdiun, Mubdcric, Jrlctic, Jyprus, Jz`ja ]`pumbij, G`fncrk, @stlfic, Hifbcfg, Hlrn`r Yudlsbcv ]`pumbij lh Ncj`glfic, Hrcfj`, D`rncfy, Dr``j`, Aufdcry, Ij`bcfg, Ir`bcfg, Itcby, Bctvic, Bitaucfic, Bux`nmlurd, Ncbtc, F`ta`rbcfgs, Flrwcy, Ulbcfg, Ulrtudcb, ]lncfic, Z`rmic, Zblvckic, Zblv`fic, Zpcif, Zw`g`f, Zwitz`rbcfg, Wurk`y cfg Pfit`g Kifdgln.
@P]LU@CF JLNNIWW@@ HL] ZW ZWCFGC]GI_C CFGC]GI_CWILF WILF JLNIWÉ @P]LUÉ@F G@ FL]NCBIZCWILF @P]LUÇIZJA@Z @P]LU ÇIZJA@Z KLNIW@@ HÒ] HÒ ] FL]NPFD
J@F-J@F@B@J Ncfcd`n`ft J`ftr`? Cv`fu` Ncrfix 34, M-3555 Mruss`bs
© = 53 4 J @ F
Cbb ridats lh `xpblitctilf if cfy hlrn cfg my cfy n`cfs r`s`rv`g wlrbgwig` hlr J@F fctilfcb N`nm`rs
]`h . F l. @F 3 3 4 8 -3 ? = 53 4 ? @
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Jlft`fts
Ucd`
@urlp`cf hlr`wlrg .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Iftrlgujtilf ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 3
Zjlp`
................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
=
Flrnctiv` r`h`r`fj`s ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
:
W`rns cfg g`ifit g`ifitilfs ilfs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
7
Zch`ty r`quir`n`f r`quir`n`fts ts ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.3 Nct`ricbs .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.3.3 D`f`rcb................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7.3.= Hbcnncmibity .................................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.3.: Winm`r cfg cssljict`g prlgujts ..................................................................................................................... 38 7.3.7 N`tcbs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 7.3.0 Zyfta`tijs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 38 7.3.8 Gcfd`rlus sumstcfj`s ............................................................................................................................................. 34 7.= G`sidf cfg ncfuhcjtur` .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 7.=.3 D`f`rcb................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 7.=.= Ztrujturcb ift`drity ..................................................................................................................................................... 34 7.=.: Cjj`ssimibity hlr cgubts ............................................................................................................................................. 31 7.=.7 Urlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd ....................................................................................................................................... 31
7.=.0 7.=.8 7.=.4 7.=.1 7.=.9 7.=.35 7.=.33 7.=.3= 7.=.3: 7.=.37 7.=.30 7.=.38 0
................................................................................................................................................... Hifisa `quipn`ft Nlvifdlhpcrts == ..................................................................................................................................................................... == Urlt`jtilf cdcifst `ftrcpn`ft ......................................................................................................................... == Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s gurifd nlv`n nlv`n`ft `ft cfg hcbbifd ......................................................... =4 N`cfs lh cjj`ss .............................................................................................................................................................. :8 Jlff`jtilfs ....................................................................................................................................................................... :1 Jlfsuncmb` jlnplf`fts ...................................................................................................................................... :9 ]lp`s ....................................................................................................................................................................................... :9 Jacifs ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 75 Hlufgctilfs....................................................................................................................................................................... 73 A`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cns .......................................................................................................................... 7= Mlufjifd hcjibiti`s........................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................ 7:
X`riijctilf lh jlnpbicfj` cfg r`plrts ..................................................................................................................................... 70 0.3 D`f`rcb ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 70
0.=
Jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf cht`r ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt
ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd ...................................................................................................................................................................... 70 8
Ifhlrnctilf tl m` prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r................................................................................. ................................................................................. 70 8.3 Ifhlrnctilf tl m` prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r /suppbi`r lh pbcydr pbcydrlufg lufg `quipn`ft ........ ........ 70 8.3.3 D`f`rcb prlgujt ifhlrnctilf ............................................................................................................................. 70 8.3.= Ur`-ifhlrnctilf ............................................................................................................................................................. 78 8.3.: Ifstcbbctilf ifhlrnctilf ......................................................................................................................................... 78 8.3.7 Ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj` ifhlrnctilf ............................................................................................... 74
8.=
4
Ifhlrnctilf tl m` prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r lr suppbi`r lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 8.=.3 Ur`-ifhlrn Ur`-ifhlrnctilf ctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd .......................................................................... 71 8.=.= Ifstcbbctilf ifhlrnctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd ....................................................... 79 8.=.: Ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj` ifhlrnctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd ............ 79 8.=.7 Ig`ftiijctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd pbcydrlufg surhcjifd ..................................................... 05
Ncrkifd ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 05 4.3 @quipn`ft ig`ftiijctilf ............................................................................................................................................................ 05 4.= Mcsij b`v`b ncrk .................................................................................................................................................................................. 05
Mimbildrcpay ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 03 Cff`x C (flrnctiv`) Blcgs......................................................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 0=
=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Cff`x M (flrnctiv`) N`talg lh jcbjubctilf lh strujturcb ift`drity .................................................................................09 Cff`x J (flrnctiv`) Uaysijcb t`stifd lh strujturcb ift`drity ..................................................................................................43 Cff`x G (flrnctiv`) W`st n`talgs hlr `ftrcpn`ft .........................................................................................................................4: Cff`x @ (ifhlrnctiv`) Lv`rvi`w lh plssimb` `ftrcpn`ft situctilfs............................................................................... ............................................................................... 11 Cff`x H (ifhlrnctiv`) Ibbustrctilfs lh jcbjubctilf lh hr`` a`idat lh hcbb (HAH)....................................................... 95 ..................................................................................................................................... Cff`x D (ifhlrnctiv`) Ibbustrctilf lh si`v` t`st 97 Cff`x A (flrnctiv`) Urlj`gur` hlr jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf cht`r ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd .........................................................................................................98
Cff`x I (ifhlrnctiv`) C‚g`victilfs .................................................................................................................................................................... 94 Fctilfcb Cff`x FC (flrnctiv`) PK r`quir`n`fts? prlj`gur` hlr jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf cht`r ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd ...............................99
© IZL IZL pum-gct` y`cr ‚ Cbb ridats r`s`rv`g
:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
@urlp`cf hlr`wlrg Wais gljun`ft (@F 3348-3?=534) acs m``f pr`pcr`g my W`jafijcb Jlnnitt`` J@F/WJ 3:8 ‒Zplrts, pbcydrlufg cfg lta`r r`jr`ctilfcb hcjibiti`s cfg `quipn`ft„, ta` s`jr`tcrict lh waija is a`bg my GIF. Wais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg sacbb m` div`f ta` stctus lh c fctilfcb stcfgcrg, `ita`r my pumbijctilf lh cf ig`ftijcb t`xt lr my `fglrs`n`ft, ct ta` bct`st my Cprib =531, cfg jlfbijtifd fctilfcb stcfgcrgs sacbb m` witagrcwf ct ta` bct`st my Ljtlm`r =531. Ctt`ftilf is grcwf tl ta` plssimibity tact sln` lh ta` `b`n`fts lh tais gljun`ft ncy m` ta` sumo`jt lh pct`ft ridats. J@F sacbb flt m` a`bg r`splfsimb` hlr ig`ftihyifd cfy lr cbb suja pct`ft ridats. Wais gljun`ft sup`rs`g`s @F 3348-3?=551. @F 3348 ‒Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd„ jlfsists lh ta` hlbblwifd pcrts? ‗ Ucrt 3? D`f`rcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs ‗ Ucrt =? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr swifds ‗ Ucrt :? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr sbig`s ‗ Ucrt 7? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr jcmb`wcys ‗ Ucrt 0? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr jcrlus`bs `quipn`ft ‗ Ucrt 8? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr rljkifd `quipn`ft
‗ Ucrt 4? Duigcfj` lf ifstcbbctilf, ifsp`jtilf, ncift`fcfj` cfg lp`rctilf ‗ Ucrt 35? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr hubby `fjbls`g pbcy `quipn`ft `quipn`ft ‗ Ucrt 33? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr spcticb f`twlrk Wais pcrt lh @F 3348 salubg m` r`cg if jlfoufjtilf wita? jr itijcb hcbb a`idat ; ‗ @F 3344, 3344, Inpcjt ctt`fuctifd pbcydrlufg surhcjifd ‗ G`t`rnifctilf lh jritijcb
‗ J@F/W] 38784?=5 38784?=53: 3:,, Ubcydrlu Ubcydrlufg fg `quipn`ft cjj`ssimb` hlr cbb jaibgr`f; ‗ J@F/W] 38091?=537, 38091?=537, Jlbb`jtilf lh rctilfcb`s hlr @F @F 3348; `quipn`ft hlr jaibgr`f, r`pbi`s tl r`qu`sts hlr ift`rpr`tctilf lh ‗ @F J@F/W] 38:98?=53= 38:98?=53=, , Ubcydrlufg cfg its pcrts 3348?=551 ;
‗ J@F/W] 38149?=53 38149?=538, 8, Zitifd lh pbcydrlufg cfg lta`r r`jr`ctilfcb hcjibiti`s ‗ Cgvij` lf n`talgs hlr plsitilfifd cfg s`pcrctilf.
Hlr ifbctcmb` pbcy `quipn`ft, s`` @F 37985, 37985, Ifbctcmb` pbcy `quipn`ft ‗ Zch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs. Wa` ncif jacfd`s hrln ta` pr`vilus `gitilf lh tais stcfgcrg cr` cs hlbblws? c) ]`h`r`fj` ]`h`r`fj ` tl J@F/W] J@F/W] 38149?=538 cgg`g;
38784?=53:, 38784?=53:,
J@F/W]
38091?=537, 38091?=537,
J@F/W]
38:98?=53=, 38:98?=53=,
m) Zjlp` cn`fg`g cn`fg`g tl ifjbug` ifjbug` r`h`r`fj` tl ‑p`rncf`ftby ifstcbb`g’ ifstc bb`g’ cbsl r`h`r`fj` tl `b`jtrijity `b`jtrijit y, wct`r cfg PX cgg`g; j)
7
Jbcus` :.=0 g`ifitilf lh `csiby cjj`ssimb` inprlv`g;
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
g) F`w g`ifit g`ifitilfs ilfs cgg`g hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd ctt`fuctif d surhcjifd, surhcjifd , cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf, hlrj`g nlv`n`ft, mlufjifd hcjibiti`s, susp`fsilf m`g, lf` plst `quipn`ft, plst ifstcbbctilf ifsp`jtilf, ir`ncf’s plb` cfg tuff`b; `)
Jbcus` 7.=.7.3 cn`fg`g 7.=.7.3 cn`fg`g tl cdr`` wita Hidur` 1; 1;
h)
Jbcus` 7.=.7.: cfg 7.=.7.: cfg 7.=.7.7 7.=.7.7 g`tcib g`tcib lh n`csur`n`ft lh 055 nn lp`fifd cgg`g;
d)
Jbcus` 7.=.4.3 f`w 7.=.4.3 f`w s`ft`fj` cggifd r`h`r`fj` tl Jbcus` 7.=.4 7.=.4.= .=;;
a)
Hidur` 3: cn`fg`g 3: cn`fg`g tl salw gir`jtilf lh trcv`b;
i)
Jbcus` 7.=.1.3 jrlss 7.=.1.3 jrlss r`h`r`fj` tl Wcmb` = cgg`g; = cgg`g;
o)
Wcmb` = cn`fg`g = cn`fg`g tl jbcrihy gistifjtilfs hlr jbinmifd cfg acfdifd hcbb a`idats;
k)
Hidur` 37 cn`fg`g tl ifjbug` twl typ`s lh f`t strujtur` if hcbb a`idat `xcnpb`s;
b)
Jbcus` 7.=.1.=.0 jbcriijctilf lh lv`rbcppifd hcbbifd spcj`s cgg`g;
n) Jbcus` 7.=.1.0.= cfg 7.=.1.0.= cfg Wcmb` 7 r`vis`g 7 r`vis`g tl cbidf wita wit a jacfd`s tl @F 3344; 3344; f)
Jbcus` 7.=.9.0 ncolr 7.=.9.0 ncolr r`writ` tl jbcrihy r`quir`n`fts hlr `csiby cjj`ssimb` `quipn`ft;
l)
Jbcus` 7.=.3=.= ifjbusilf 7.=.3=.= ifjbusilf lh r`h`r`fj` tl us` lh prlm` @;
p) F`w F`w Jbcus` 7.=.3 7.= .38 8 divifd r`quir`n`fts hlr mlufjifd hcjibiti`s; q) Jbcus`s 0.= cfg 0.= cfg Cff`x A r`bctifd A r`bctifd tl Inpcjt Ctt`fuctifd Zurhcjifd cgg`g; r)
Jbcus`s 8.= cn`fg`g 8.= cn`fg`g tl div` nlr` ifhlrnctilf lf Inpcjt Ctt`fuctifd Zurhcjifd;
s)
C.=.=,, flt`s 3 cfg = flw ifjbug`g cs pcrt lh r`quir`n`fts; C.=.=
t)
G.7.=,, bcst pcrcdrcpa flw ifjbug`s cggitilfcb t`st r`quir`n`ft hlr alb`s m`aifg alb`s; G.7.=
u) F`w t`st (G.0 G.0)) cfg Hidur` (G.3: (G.3:)) hlr t`stifd jacif lp`fifds cgg`g; v) F`w F`w Hidur` (G.3=) salwifd cppbijctilf lh ifd`r prlm`s if t`st situctilfs; w) F`w t`st (G.8 G.8)) hlr mlufjifd hcjibiti`s; x) F`w F`w Cff`x H salwifd H salwifd ibbustrctilfs lh hr`` a`idat lh hcbb; y) F`w F`w Cff`x D salwifd D salwifd ibbustrctilf lh si`v` t`st r`subts cfg si`v` jurv`; y) F`w F`w Cff`x A "Urlj`gur` hlr jlfirnifd ta` t a` cg`quct` b`v`b b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctil ct t`fuctilff cht`r ch t`r ifstcbbctilf ifstcbbct ilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd" cgg`g; cc) Cff`x I "C I "C-G`victilfs" -G`victilfs" upgct`g. upgct`g . Cjjlrgifd tl ta` J@F/J@F@B@J Ift`rfcb ]`dubctilfs, ta` fctilfcb stcfgcrgs lrdcfizctilfs lh ta` hlbblwifd jluftri`s cr` mlufg tl inpb`n`ft inpb`n`ft tais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg? Custric, Cust ric, M`bdiun, Mubdcric, Mubdcri c, Jrlctic, Jyprus, Jz`ja ]`pumbij, G`fncrk, @stlfic, Hifbcfg, Hlrn`r Yudlsbcv ]`pumbij lh Ncj`glfic, Hrcfj`, D`rncfy, Dr``j`, Aufdcry, Ij`bcfg, Ir`bcfg, Itcby, Bctvic, Bitaucfic, Bux`nmlurd, Ncbtc, F`ta`rbcfgs, Flrwcy, Ulbcfg, Ulrtudcb, ]lncfic, Z`rmic, Zblvckic, Zblv`fic, Zpcif, Zw`g`f, Zwitz`rbcfg, Wurk`y cfg ta` Pfit`g Kifdgln.
0
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Iftrlgujtilf Hlr ta` qucbity lh r`cgifd cfg ufg`rstcfgifd tais stcfgcrg, ta` hlbblwifd wlrgifd is us`g? ‗ sacbb > r`quir`n`ft; ‗ salubg > r`jlnn`fgctilf; ‗ ncy > p`rnissilf; ‗ jcf > plssimibit plssimibity. y. It is flt ta` purpls` lh ta` r`quir`n`fts lh tais stcfgcrg tl b`ss`f ta` jlftrimutilf tact pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft nck`s tl ta` jaibg's g`v`blpn`ft cfg/lr pbcy, waija is n`cfifdhub hrln cf `gujctilfcb plift lh vi`w. v i`w.
Wais stcfgcrg cjkflwb`gd`s ta` gihijubti`s lh cggr`ssifd sch`ty issu`s my cd` jrit`ric cblf` m`jcus` ta` cmibity tl acfgb` risk is mcs`g lf ta` ifgivigucb us`rs' b`v`b lh skibbs cfg flt cd`. Cbsl, us`rs lta`r tacf ta` ift`fg`g cd` rcfd` wibb cbnlst j`rtcifby nck` us` lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. ]isk-tckifd is cf `ss`fticb h`ctur` lh pbcy prlvisilf cfg lh cbb `fvirlfn`fts if waija jaibgr`f b`ditinct`by b`ditinct `by sp`fg tin` pbcyifd. Ubcy prlvisilf prlvisilf cins tl lhh`r jaibgr`f ta` jacfj` tl `fjluft`r cjj`ptcmb` risks cs pcrt lh c stinubctifd, jacbb`fdifd cfg jlftrlbb`g b`crfifd `fvirlfn`ft. Ubcy prlvisilf salubg cin ct ncfcdifd ta` mcbcfj` m`tw``f ta` f``g tl lhh`r risk cfg ta` f``g tl k``p jaibgr`f sch` hrln s`rilus acrn. Wa` prifjipb`s lh sch`ty ncfcd`n`ft cr` cppbijcmb` mlta tl wlrkpbcj`s if d`f`rcb cs w`bb cs tl pbcy prlvisilf. Alw`v`r, ta` mcbcfj` m`tw``f sch`ty cfg m`f`its is bik`by tl m` gihh`r`ft if ta` twl `fvirlfn`fts. If pbcy prlvisilf, `xplsur` tl sln` g`dr`` lh risk nidat m` lh m`f`it m`jcus` it sctisi`s c mcsij auncf f``g cfg div`s jaibgr`f ta` jacfj` tl b`crf cmlut risk cfg jlfs`qu`fj`s if c jlftrlbb`g `fvirlfn`ft.
]`sp`jtifd ta` jacrcjt`ristijs lh jaibgr`f's pbcy cfg ta` wcy jaibgr`f m`f`it hrln pbcyifd lf ta` pbcydrlufg wita r`dcrg tl g`v`blpn`ft, jaibgr`f f``g tl b`crf tl jlp` wita risk cfg tais jcf b`cg tl munps cfg mruis`s cfg `v`f ljjcsilfcbby c mrlk`f binm. Wa` cin lh tais stcfgcrg is irst cfg hlr`nlst tl pr`v`ft cjjig`fts wita c giscmbifd lr hctcb jlfs`qu`fj`, cfg s`jlfgby tl b`ss`f s`rilus jlfs`qu`fj`s jcus`g my ta` ljjcsilfcb nisacp tact if`vitcmby wibb ljjur if jaibgr`f's pursuit lh `xpcfgifd ta`ir b`v`b lh jlnp`t`fj`, m` it sljicbby, ift`bb`jtucbby lr paysijcbby. ]`huscb lh cgnittcfj` cfg cjj`ss cs c sch`ty pr`jcutilf is prlmb`nctij gu` tl, hlr `xcnpb`, mr`cja if
sup`rv sup`rvisilf isilf lr a`bp acdcifst `bp my p``rs. lh sidfiijcft sidfi inplrtc inplrtcfj`, cs a`cg `ftrcpn`ft cfg prlt`jtilf ifcgv`]`quir`n`fts ifcgv`rt`ft rt`ft hcbbs, acv` m``f ijcft writt`f wita tais tfj`, ais suja if nifg. It is cfg cbslf`jk r`jldfiz`g tact ta`r` is cf ifjr`csifd f``g hlr pbcy prlvisilf tl m` cjj`ssimb` tl us`rs wita giscmibiti`s. Wais lh jlurs` r`quir`s pbcy cr`cs tl prlvig` c mcbcfj` m`tw``f sch`ty cfg ta` lhh`r lh ta` r`quir`g b`v`b lh jacbb`fd` cfg stinubctilf tl cbb plssimb` drlups lh us`rs. Alw`v`r, hlr ta` purpls`s lh prlt`jtilf cdcifst a`cg cfg f`jk `ftrcpn`ft, tais stcfgcrg gl`s flt tck` iftl cjjluft jaibgr`f wita cf ifjr`cs`g a`cg siz` `.d. aygrlj`pacbus lr Glwf's syfgrln` lr w`crifd a`bn`ts. Hlr hurta`r ifhlrnctilf cmlut nckifd pbcy prlvisilf suitcmb` hlr b`ss cmb` us`rs c J@F W`jafijcb ]`plrt is cvcibcmb` waija gisjuss`s ta` jacbb`fd`s if prlvisilf cfg plssimb` slbutilfs tact g`sidf`rs jcf jlfsig`r. Z`` ta` @urlp`cf hlr`wlrg hlr g`tcibs lh tais gljun`ft. If cggitilf tl ta` salrt-t`rn risks tact cr` cssljict`g wita c pbcydrlufg, ta`r` is c risk tact ta` pbcyifd jaibg is lv`r`xpls`g tl ta` ubtrcvilb`t ubt rcvilb`t rcgictilf lh ta` suf. Wll nuja nuja ubtrcvilb`t ubtrcv ilb`t rcgictilf cfg sufmurfs if jaibgallg ifjr`cs` ta` risk lh g`v`blpifd skif jcfj`r bct`r if bih`. Wa`r`hlr`, ta` pbcydrlufgs salubg m` lrdcfiz`g if c wcy tact tck`s iftl cjjluft lh ta` cvcibcmibity lh sacg` lptilfs, cfg tact c pcrt lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg r`jr`ctilfcb cr`cs cr` pbcj`g `ftir`by lr pcrtby if sacg`.
8
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
3
Zjlp`
Wais pcrt lh @F 3348 sp`jii`s d`f`rcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts hlr p`rncf`ftby ifstcbb`g pumbij pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd. Cggitilfcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts hlr sp`jiij pi`j`s lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft cr` sp`jii`g if sums`qu`ft sums`qu`ft pcrts lh tais stcfgcrg. st cfgcrg. Wais pcrt lh @F 3348 jlv`rs pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft hlr cbb jaibgr`f. It acs m``f pr`pcr`g wita hubb r`jldfitilf lh ta` f``g hlr sup`rvisilf lh ylufd jaibgr`f cfg lh b`ss cmb` lr b`ss jlnp`t`ft jaibgr`f. Wa` purpls` lh tais pcrt lh @F 3348 is tl `fsur` c prlp`r b`v`b lh sch`ty wa`f pbcyifd if, lf lr crlufg pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft, cfg ct ta` scn` tin` tl prlnlt` cjtiviti`s cfg h`ctur`s kflwf tl m`f`it jaibgr`f m`jcus` ta`y prlvig` vcbucmb` `xp`ri`fj`s tact wibb `fcmb` ta`n tl jlp` wita situctilfs lutsig` ta` pbcydrlufg. Wais pcrt lh @F 3348 is cppbijcmb` tl pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft ift`fg`g hlr ifgivigucb cfg jlbb`jtiv` us` my jaibgr`f. It is cbsl cppbijcmb` tl `quipn`ft cfg ufits ifstcbb`g cs jaibgr`f's pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft cbtaluda ta`y cr` flt ncfuhcjtur`g cs suja, mut `xjbug` tals` it`ns g`if`g cs tlys if @F 43 cfg ta` Wlys Zch`ty Gir`jtiv`. It is flt cppbijcmb` tl cgv`ftur` pbcydrlufgs wita ta` `xj`ptilf lh tals` it`ns waija acv` m``f jlnn`rjicbby slurj`g. FLW@ Cgv`ftur` pbcydrlufgs cr` h`fj`g, s`jur`g pbcydrlufgs, ruf cfg stchh`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita ta` wig`by cjj`pt`g prifjipb`s pr ifjipb`s tact `fjlurcd` jaibgr`f's g`v`blpn`ft g`v`blpn`ft cfg lht`f lh t`f us` s`bh-muibt `quipn`ft.
Wais pcrt lh @F 334 3348 sp`jii`s ta` r`quir`n` r`quir`n`fts fts tact wibb w ibb prlt`jt ta` jaibg hrln aczcrgs tact t act ta`y nidat m` ufcmb` tl hlr`s`` wa`f usifd ta` `quipn`ft cs ift`fg`g, lr if c ncff`r tact jcf m` r`cslfcmby cftijipct`g. Wa` us` lh `b`jtrijity if pbcy `quipn`ft, `ita`r cs c pbcy cjtivity lr cs c nltiv` hlrj`, is lutsig` ta` sjlp` lh tais stcfgcrg. Wa` ctt`ftilf lh us`rs is grcwf tl @urlp`cf cfg bljcb fctilfcb stcfgcrgs cfg r`dubctilfs waija cr` tl m` jlnpbi`g wita wa`f usifd `b`jtrijity. Ubcy `quipn`ft pbcj`g if wct`r cfg wa`r` wct`r jcf m` s``f cs inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd is flt hubby jlv`r`g my tais stcfgcrg cfg cggitilfcb risks cr` cssljict`g wita w`t `fvirlfn`fts. Wa` risk lh `xplsur` tl `xj`ssiv` b`v`bs lh PX rcgictilf is flt jlv`r`g if tais stcfgcrg.
= Flrnctiv` r`h`r`fj`s Wa` hlbblwifd hlr gljun`fts, if walb`Hlr lr gct`g if pcrt, cr` flrnctiv`by r`h`r`fj`g if tais gljun`ft cfg cr` ifgisp`fscmb` its cppbijctilf. r`h`r`fj`s, lfby ta` `gitilf jit`g cppbi`s. Hlr ufgct`g r`h`r`fj`s, ta` bct`st `gitilf lh ta` r`h`r`fj`g gljun`ft (ifjbugifd cfy cn`fgn`fts) cppbi`s. @F ::0, ::0, Gurcmibity lh wllg cfg wllg-mcs`g prlgujts - Ps` jbcss`s? g`ifitilfs, cppbijctilf tl slbig wllg cfg wllg-mcs`g prlgujts
@F :05?=538, Gurcmibity lh wllg cfg wllg-mcs`g prlgujts - W`stifd cfg jbcssiijctilf lh ta` gurcmibity tl milbldijcb cd`fts lh wllg cfg wllg-mcs`g nct`ricbs
@F :03-3?=554, :03-3?=554, Gurcmibity lh wllg cfg wllg-mcs`g prlgujts - Ur`s`rvctiv`-tr`ct`g slbig wllg - Ucrt 3? Jbcssiijctilf lh pr`s`rvctiv` p`f`trctilf cfg r`t`ftilf
@F 8:8, 8:8, Ubywllg ‗ Zp`jiijctilfs @F 131-=? 131-=?3998+C3?=551, 3998+C3?=551, Zalrt bifk jacif hlr bihtifd purpls`s - Zch`ty - Ucrt =? N`giun tlb`rcfj` jacif hlr jacif sbifds - Drcg` 1
@F 131-:?3 131-:?3999+C3?=551, 999+C3?=551, Zalrt bifk jacif hlr bihtifd purpls`s - Zch`ty - Ucrt :? N`giun tlb`rcfj` jacif hlr jacif sbifds - Drcg` 7
4
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
jr itijcb hcbb a`idat @F 3344, 3344, Inpcjt ctt`fuctifd pbcydrlufg surhcjifd - G`t`rnifctilf lh jritijcb
@F 3993-3-=, 3993-3-=, @urljlg` 3? Cjtilfs lf strujtur`s - Ucrt 3-=? D`f`rcb cjtilfs - Cjtilfs lf strujtur`s `xpls`g tl ir`
@F 3993-3-:, 3993-3-:, @urljlg` 3 - Cjtilfs lf strujtur`s - Ucrt 3-:? D`f`rcb cjtilfs - Zflw blcgs @F 3993-3-7, 3993-3-7, @urljlg` 3? Cjtilfs lf strujtur`s - Ucrt 3-7? D`f`rcb cjtilfs - Tifg cjtilfs @F 3:733-:, 3:733-:, W`rnifctilfs hlr st``b wir` rlp`s ‗ Zch`ty ‗ Ucrt :? H`rrub`s cfg h`rrub`-s`jurifd @F 3:733-0, 3:733-0, W`rnifctilfs hlr st``b wir` rlp`s ‗ Zch`ty ‗ Ucrt 0? P-mlbt wir` rlp` drips IZL =:54 ) @F IZL =:54, =:54, Himr` rlp`s - G`t`rnifctilf lh j`rtcif paysijcb cfg n`jacfijcb prlp`rti`s ( IZL
@F IZL 719=-:, Ubcstijs - N`talgs lh `xplsur` tl bcmlrctlry bidat slurj`s - Ucrt :? Hbulr`sj`ft PX bcnps ( IZL IZL 719=-: )
@F IZL 9007, 9007, Himr` rlp`s - D`f`rcb sp`jiijctilfs ( IZL IZL 9007 ) @F IZL 3:9:7-3, W`xtib`s - W`fsib` prlp`rti`s lh hcmrijs - Ucrt 3? G`t`rnifctilf lh ncxinun hlrj` cfg `blfdctilf ct ncxinun hlrj` usifd ta` strip n`talg ( IZL IZL 3:9:7-3 )
: W`rns cfg g`ifiti g`ifitilfs lfs
Hlr ta` purpls`s lh tais gljun`ft, ta` hlbblwifd t`rns cfg g`ifitilfs cppby. :.3 pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft
`quipn`ft cfg strujtur`, ifjbugifd jlnplf`fts cfg jlfstrujtilfcb `b`n`fts wita, lr lf waija, jaibgr`f jcf pbcy lutgllrs lr ifgllrs, `ita`r ifgivigucbby lr if drlups, cjjlrgifd tl ta`ir lwf rub`s lr lwf r`cslfs hlr pbcyifd waija jcf jacfd` ct cfy tin` :.= jbinmifd `quipn`ft
pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft tact lfby cbblws ta` us`r tl nlv` lf it lr if it my ta` us` lh c acfg cfg hllt/b`d supplrt cfg r`quir`s c nifinun lh tar`` plifts lh jlftcjt jlftcj t wita ta` t a` `quipn`ft, `quipn`ft, lf` lh ta`s` m`ifd c acfg FLW@ Gurifd nlv`n`ft, it is plssimb` tl acv` lfby lf` lr twl plifts lh jlftcjt j lftcjt mut tais is lfby gurifd c trcfsitilf t rcfsitilf hrln lf` r`st plsitilf tl ta` f`xt. :.: inpcjt cr`c
cr`c tact jcf m` ait my c us`r cht`r hcbbifd tarluda t arluda ta` hcbbifd spcj` :.7 inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
surhcjifd lf inpcjt cr`cs ift`fg`g tl r`guj` ta` risk lh ifoury wa`f hcbbifd lftl it :.0 pbcyifd surhcj`
surhcj` lh c pbcydrlufg hrln waija ta` us` lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft jlnn`fj`s cfg waija jlnpris`s ct b`cst ta` inpcjt cr`c :.8 hr`` spcj`
spcj` if, lf lr crlufg ta` `quipn`ft tact jcf m` ljjupi`g my c us`r ufg`rdlifd c nlv`n`ft hlrj`g my ta` `quipn`ft Flt` 3 tl `ftry? @xcnpb`s hlr tais cr` sbigifd, swifdifd, rljkifd, ounpifd if mlufjifd hcjibity hlr s`v`rcb us`rs (sp`jiij (s p`jiij r`quir`n`fts cr` g`cbt g`c bt wita if ta` cggitilfcb pcrts pcrt s lh @F 3348) 3348)..
1
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Flt` = tl `ftry? Z`` Hidur`s 30, 30, 38 38 cfg cfg 39 39.. :.4 hr`` a`idat lh hcbb
dr`ct`st v`rtijcb gistcfj` hrln ta` jb`crby ift`fg`g mlgy supplrt tl ta` inpcjt cr`c m`blw FLW@ Wa` ift`fg`g mlgy supplrt ifjbug`s tals` surhcj`s tl waija cjj`ss is `fjlurcd`g. :.1 hcbbifd spcj`
spcj` if, lf lr crlufg ta` `quipn`ft tact jcf m` pcss`g tarluda my c us`r hcbbifd hrln cf `b`vct`g pcrt lh ta` `quipn`ft Flt` 3 tl `ftry? Wa` W a` hcbbifd spcj` jlnn`fj`s ct ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb. Flt` = tl `ftry? Z`` Hidur` 3. 3.
K`y
3 = :
spcj` ljj jju upi`g my my `q `quipn`ft hcbbifd spcj` hr`` spcj` Hidur` 3 ‗ Zpcj`s
:.9 nifinun spcj`
spcj` r`quir`g hlr ta` sch` us` lh `quipn`ft, jlnprisifd hcbbifd spcj`, hr`` spcj` cfg spcj` ljjupi`g my ta` `quipn`ft :.35 jlbb`jtiv` us`
us` my nlr` tacf lf` us`r ct ta` scn` tin`
9
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
:.33 jrusaifd plift
pbcj` wa`r` pcrts lh ta` `quipn`ft jcf nlv` cdcifst `cja lta`r, lr cdcifst c ix`g cr`c sl tact p`rslfs, lr pcrts lh ta`ir mlgy, jcf m` jrusa`g :.3= sa`crifd plift
pbcj` wa`r` pcrt lh ta` `quipn`ft jcf nlv` pcst c ix`g lr lta`r nlvifd pcrt, lr pcst c ix`g cr`c sl tact p`rslfs, lr pcrts lh ta`ir mlgy, jcf m` jut :.3: bcgg`r
n`cfs lh cjj`ss ifjlrplrctifd rufds lr st`ps lf waija c us`r jcf csj`fg lr g`sj`fg wita ta` cig lh ta` acfgs FLW@ Z`` Hidur` =. =.
Hidur` = ‗ @xcnpb` lh c bcgg`r :.37 stcir
2pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft6n`cfs lh cjj`ss ifjlrplrctifd tar`` lr nlr` ris`rs lf waija c us`r jcf csj`fg lr g`sj`fg FLW@ Z`` Hidur` : cfg : cfg Hidur` =3. =3.
35
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Hidur` : ‗ @xcnpb` lh stcirs :.30 rcnp
n`cfs lh cjj`ss ifjlrplrctifd cf ifjbif`g surhcj` lf waija c us`r jcf csj`fg lr g`sj`fg FLW@ Z`` Hidur` 7 cfg 7 cfg 7.=.9.: 7.=.9.:..
Hidur` 7 ‗ @xcnpb` lh c rcnp :.38 drip
albgifd lh ta` acfg rlufg ta` `ftir` jirjunh`r`fj` lh c supplrt FLW@ Z`` Hidur` 0. 0.
33
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Hidur` 0 ‗ Drip :.34 drcsp
albgifd lh ta` acfg rlufg pcrt lh ta` jirjunh`r`fj` lh c supplrt FLW@ Z`` Hidur` 8. 8.
Hidur` 8 ‗ Drcsp :.31 `ftrcpn`ft
aczcrg pr`s`ft`g my ta` situctilf if waija c mlgy, lr pcrt lh c mlgy, lr jbltaifd jcf m`jln` trcpp`g FLW@ Wais pcrt lh @F 3348 lfby jlfsig`rs j`rtcif typ`s lh `ftrcpn`ft wa`r` ta` us`r is flt cmb` tl hr`` ta`ns`bv`s cfg ifoury is jcus`g my ta` `ftrcpn`ft. :.39 lmstcjb`
lmo`jt lr plrtilf lh lmo`jt tact prltrug`s ifsig` ta` spcj` ljjupi`g my `quipn`ft, ta` hcbbifd spcj` lr ta` hr`` spcj` lh c us`r FLW@ Wa` risks cssljict`g wita lmstcjb`s if pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft wibb vcry cjjlrgifd tl its situctilf if, lf lr crlufg ta` `quipn`ft `.d.? ‗ if ta` hr`` spcj`, sln`taifd sln`taifd if ta` pcta lh c us`r ufg`rdlifd c hlrj`g nlv`n nlv`n`ft; `ft; ‗ if ta` hcbbifd spcj`, sln`taifd sln`taifd acrg cfg sacrp tact c us`r us`r jcf ait gurifd c hcbb hrln cf `b`vct`g `b`vct`g plsitilf; plsitilf;
3=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
‗ hlr lta`r ty typ`s p`s lh nlv`n nlv`n`ft, `ft, sln`taifd sln`taifd uf`xp`jt`g wita waija c us`r nidat jlbbig` waibst nlvifd if, lf lr crlufg ta` `quipn`ft. :.=5 jbust`r
twl lr nlr` s`pcrct` pi`j`s lh `quipn`ft g`sidf`g tl m` ifstcbb`g if jbls` prlxinity tl `cja lta`r tl prlvig` jlftifuity if c s`qu`fj` tact is f``g`g hlr ta` pbcy cjtivity FLW@ Cf `xcnpb` hlr c jbust`r is c trcib lh st`ppifd stlf`s. :.=3 pbcthlrn
rcis`g surhcj` wa`r` lf` lr nlr` us`rs jcf stcfg witalut ta` f``g lh acfg supplrt FLW@ Wa` jbcssiijctilf lh c pbcthlrn wibb w ibb vcry vcr y g`p`fgifd lf ta` hufjtilf lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. `quipn`ft. Zurhcj`s wa`r` ta` us`r is lfby cmb` tl stcfg wita ta` cig lh acfg supplrts cr` flt jbcssii`g cs pbcthlrns. Wais ncy m` cjai`v`g my c funm`r lh n`cfs, `.d.? ‗ r`gujifd ta` surhcj` cr`c tl r`strij r`strijtt hr`` nlv`n`f nlv`n`ftt cfg `fjlurcd` albgifd lf; ‗ ifjbif` ta` surhcj` tl `fjlurcd` albgifd lf; ‗ iftrlgujifd nlv`n` nlv`n`ft ft tl ta` surhcj` tl `fjlurcd` albgifd lf. :.== acfgrcib
rcib ift`fg`g tl cssist ta` us`r tl mcbcfj` :.=: ducrgrcib
rcib ift`fg`g tl pr`v`ft c us`r hrln hcbbifd :.=7 mcrri`r
g`vij` ift`fg`g tl pr`v`ft ta` us`r hrln hcbbifd cfg hrln pcssifd m`f`cta :.=0 `csiby cjj`ssimb`
r`quirifd lfby mcsij skibbs tl cjj`ss ta` `quipn`ft, cbblwifd us`rs tl nlv` hr``by cfg quijkby lftl/witaif ta` `quipn`ft, witalut hurta`r jlfsig`rctilfs cmlut ta` us` lh acfgs cfg h``t FLW@ Mcsijs skibbs salubg jlftrlb ta` cmibity lh c jaibg tl us` c n`cfs lh cjj`ss. Ih ta` us`r f``gs tl jlfsig`r wa`r` lr alw us`csta`ir acfgs cfgta` h``t wa`f f`dltictifd c n`cfs lh cjj`ss ta` cjj`ss salubg d`f`rcbby m` jlfsig`r`g flt tl `csy it sblws glwf nlv`n`ft cfg prlvig`s tin` hlr ift`r v`ftilf. ift`rv`ftilf. :.=8 rlutif` visucb ifsp`jtilf
ifsp`jtilf ift`fg`g tl ig`ftihy lmvilus aczcrgs tact jcf r`subt hrln flrncb us`, vcfgcbisn lr w`cta`r jlfgitilfs FLW@ Wypijcb Wypijcb aczcrgs aczc rgs jcf tck` t ck` ta` hlrn lh mrlk`f pcrts lr mrlk`f mlttb`s. :.=4 lp`rctilfcb ifsp`jtilf
ifsp`jtilf, nlr` g`tcib`g tacf rlutif` visucb ifsp`jtilf, tl ja`jk ta` lp`rctilf cfg stcmibity lh ta` `quipn`ft FLW@ Wypijcb ja`jks ifjbug` cf `xcnifctilf `xcnifct ilf hlr w`cr.
3:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
:.=1 cffucb ncif ifsp`jtilf
ifsp`jtilf ifsp`j tilf ift`fg`g tl `stcmbisa ta` lv`rcbb b`v`b lh lh sch`ty lh `quipn`ft, hlufgctilfs cfg pbcyifd surhcj`s surh cj`s FLW@ Wypijcb ja`jks ifjbug` ta` `hh`jts `hh`jt s lh w`cta`r, `vig`fj` `vig`fj` lh rltt ifd lr jlrrlsilf cfg cfy jacfd` if ta` t a` b`v`b lh sch`ty lh ta` t a` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft cs c r`subt lh r`pcirs r `pcirs ncg`, lr lh cgg`g lr r`pbcj`g jlnplf`fts. jlnplf`fts. :.=9 st``p pbcy `b`n`ft cjj`ss/`dr`ss pbcy `b`n`ft lh c drcgi`ft dr`ct`r tacf 70 g`dr``s hrln ta` alrizlftcb :.:5 ti`r`g pbcthlrns
sujj`ssiv` pbcthlrns lh vcryifd a`idats cbblwifd ta` us`r tl csj`fg lr g`sj`fg lf lr witaif ta` `quipn`ft FLW@ Ztcirs cr` flt jlfsig`r`g tl m` ti`r`g pbcthlrns. :.:3 jritijcb hcbb a`idat
ncxinun hr`` a`idat lh hcbb hlr waija c surhcj` wibb prlvig` cf cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf FLW@ Wa` jritijcb hcbb a`idat is g`t`rnif`g cjjlrgifd tl ta` blw`st t`st r`subt lmtcif`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344. :.:= cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf
prlp`rty lh c surhcj` acvifd ta` f`j`sscry inpcjt ctt`fuctilf hlr c div`f hr`` a`idat lh hcbb, waija is if jlnpbicfj` wita? c)
Wcmb` 7, 7, ifjbugifd si`v` t`st if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 9::-3;
m)
@F 3344; 3344;
j) lta`r cpprlprict` n`cfs lh v`riij v`riijctilf ctilf `.d. vcbu` mcs`g ougd`n`ft ougd`n`ft hlr tur turh/tlpslib h/tlpslib :.:: surhcj` bcsa
rcpig spr`cg lh bcn` lv`r ta` surhcj` lh c nct`ricb witalut jlnmustilf lh ta` mcsij strujtur` ct tact tin` :.:7 hlrj`g nlv`n` nlv`n`ft ft
nlv`n`ft lh ta` us`r jcus`g my ta` `quipn`ft (`.d. swifdifd, sbigifd, jcrlus`b rltctilf `tj.) waija, lfj` stcrt`g, jcfflt m` tltcbby jlftrlbb`g my ta` us`r Flt` 3 tl `ftry? Hcbbs cr` flt jlfsig`r`g hlrj`g nlv`n`ft cs ta`y cr` flt inpls`g lf ta` us`r my ta` t a` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft mut ljjur hlr lta`r r`cslfs.
Flt` = tl `ftry? Zp`jiij Zp`ji ij r`quir`n`fts r`quir`n`fts cr` g`cbt wita w ita if ta` cggitilfcb pcrts pcrt s lh @F 3348. 3348. :.:0 mlufjifd hcjibity
pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft lr `quipn`ft pcrts tact gu` tl ta`ir b`ximb` jacrcjt`ristijs acv` ta` ncif purpls` lh cbblwifd us`rs tl m`jln` cirmlrf` my ounpifd witalut ta` cig lh lta`r us`r(s) Flt` 3 tl `ftry? If nlst jcs`s, ta` mlufj` `hh`jt jcf m` jcus`g my c sprifd, rlp` lr b`ximb` susp`fsilf m`g nct`ricb. Alw`v`r, sln` strujtur`s tact acv` c niflr mlufjifd `hh`jt cr` flt jlfsig`r`g cs mlufjifd hcjibiti`s sifj` ta`ir ift`fg`g ncif us` is flt mlufjifd. Flt` = tl `ftry? Wypijcbby, mlufjifd hcjibiti`s gl flt cjt cs trcnplbif`s cs ta`y gl flt cbblw hlr aida ounps lr `fjlurcd` cjrlmctij ounps, waija cr` nlr` bik`by tl b`cg tl s`rilus ifouri`s lr hctcbiti`s. hctc biti`s.
37
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
:.:8 susp`fsilf m`g
b`ximb` s`jtilf lh c mlufjifd hcjibity uplf waija ta` us`r ounps :.:4 lf` plst `quipn`ft
strujturcbby vubf`rcmb` `quipn`ft wa`r` ta` hcibur` lh lf` jrlss-s`jtilf (`ita`r ct ta` hlufgctilf lr `bs`wa`r` if ta` supplrt plst) wlubg m` jctcstrlpaij FLW@ Wais g`ifitilf ifjbug`s flt flt lfby strujtur`s struj tur`s wita w ita c sifdb` supplrt mut cbsl tals` wa`r` stcmibity is prlvig`g prlv ig`g my twl b`dd`g n`nm`rs lr rlws lh n`nm`rs (s`` cbsl flt` tl 7.=.37 7.=.37). ). :.:1 plst ifstcbbctilf ifsp`jtilf
ifsp`jtilf usucbby ufg`rtck`f prilr tl ta` lp`fifd lh c pbcydrlufg hlr pumbij us`, ift`fg`g tl css`ss ta` `quipn`ft cfg its `fvirlfn`ft hlr ta` lv`rcbb b`v`b lh sch`ty lf ta` pbcydrlufg :.:9 ir`ncf’s plb`
v`rtijcb lr f`cr v`rtijcb tum` glwf waija us`rs ncy dbig` FLW@ Wa` wlrg ‑dbig`’ is us`g a`r` tl a`bp gistifduisa tais ta is typ` ty p` lh `quipn`ft `quipn`ft hrln sbig`s cs g`if`g if @F 3348-:. 3348-:. :.75 tuff`b
2pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft6jlftifulus `fjbls`g tum`-bik` lp`fifd wita c b`fdta tact r`quir`s jrcwbifd lr kf``bifd tl pcss tarluda
7 Zch`ty r`quir`n`f r`quir`n`fts ts 7.3 7.3.3
Nct`ricbs D`f`rcb
Nct`ricbs sacbb jlfhlrn tl 7.3.= 7.3.= tl tl 7.3.8 7.3.8.. Nct`ricbs sacbb m` s`b`jt`g cfg prlt`jt`g suja tact ta` strujturcb ift`drity lh ta` `quipn`ft lr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd ncfuhcjtur`g hrln ta`n is flt chh`jt`g chh`jt `g m`hlr` ta` f`xt r`b`vcft ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj`. FLW@
@F 334 3348-4 8-4 div`s div`s r`jlnn`fgctilfs lf ifsp`jtilfs cfg ncift`fcfj`.
Wa` prlvisilfs r`bctifd tl j`rtcif nct`ricbs if tais stcfgcrg gl flt inpby tact lta`r `quivcb`ft nct`ricbs cr` ufsuitcmb` if ta` ncfuhcjtur` lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. Wa` s`b`jtilf lh nct`ricbs cfg ta`ir us` salubg m` if cjjlrgcfj` wita cpprlprict` @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrgs. Zp`jicb ctt`ftilf salubg m` div`f tl surhcj` jlctifds tl cvlig plt`fticb tlxij aczcrgs. Wa` jalij` lh nct`ricbs salubg m` cpprlprict` wa`r` `xtr`n` jbinctij lr ctnlspa`rij jlfgitilfs cr` tl m` `xp`jt`g. Jcr` salubg m` tck`f wa`r` gir`jt skif jlftcjt is tl m` `xp`jt`g. If ta` jalij` lh c nct`ricb lr sumstcfj` hlr pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft lr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd, jlfsig`rctilf salubg m` div`f tl ta` `v`ftucb gisplscb lh ta` nct`ricb lr sumstcfj` acvifd r`dcrg tl cfy plssimb` `fvirlfn`ftcb tlxij aczcrg.
30
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.3.=
Hbcnncmibity
Wl cvlig ta` risk lh ir` cfg cssljict`g aczcrgs, nct`ricbs kflwf tl prlguj` surhcj` bcsa sacbb flt m` us`g. Ucrtijubcr ctt`ftilf salubg m` div`f tl f`wby g`v`blp`g prlgujts wals` prlp`rti`s nidat flt m` hubby kflwf. FLW@ 3
]`quir`n`fts hlr cg`quct` `xits tl `fsur` `sjcp` if jcs`s lh ir` cr` div`f if 7.=.: 7.=.:..
FLW@ = mlta Ctt`ftilf grcwf tl fctilfcb cfg bljcb muibgifd muibgifd r`dubctilfs r`dcrgifd bcnncmibity hlr `quipn`f `quipn`ftt ifstcbb`g ifgllrsiscfg lutgll lutgllrs. rs. 7.3.:
Winm`r cfg cssljict`g prlgujts
Winm`r pcrts sacbb m` g`sidf`g if suja c wcy tact pr`jipitctilf jcf grcif lhh hr``by cfg wct`r cjjunubctilf sacbb m` cvlig`g. If jcs`s lh drlufg jlftcjt, lf` lr nlr` lh ta` hlbblwifd n`talgs sacbb m` us`g?
c) us` lh tinm`r sp`ji`s sp`ji`s wita suhiji`ft fcturcb r`sistcfj` if cjjlrg cjjlrgcfj` cfj` wita jbcss`s jbcss`s 3 cfg cfg = lh lh ta` fcturcb r`sistcfj` jbcssiijctilf div`f if @F :05?=538, 0.=; m) jlfstr jlfstrujtilf ujtilf n`talgs, `.d. plst sal`; j) us` lh tinm`r tr`ct`g wita wit a wllg pr`s`rvct pr`s`rvctiv`s iv`s if cjjlrgcfj` cjjlrgcfj` wita @F :03 :03-3?=55 3?=554 4, Hidur` C.3, cfg if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F ::0, ::0, us` jbcss 7. FLW@
It is cgvis`g tl cbsl jlfsig`r lta`r hcjtlrs waija jcf m` ufsuitcmb`, suja cs spbift`rifd, plislfifd `tj.
Cbb jlnplf`fts ncg` lh tinm`r cfg cssljict`g prlgujts, lta`r tacf tals` sp`ji`s jlfhlrnifd tl c), tact chh`jt ta` t a` stcmibity lh ta` strujtur` cfg cr` if jlfstcft jlftcjt wita ta` drlufg sacbb m` tr`ct`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita j). Ta`f s`b`jtifd n`tcb hcst`fifds, jlfsig`rctilf salubg m` div`f tl ta` sp`ji`s lh tinm`r cfg ja`nijcb tr`ctn`fts us`g cs sln` wibb cjj`b`rct` jlrrlsilf lh n`tcbs ih ta`r` is jlftcjt m`tw``f ta`n. Ubywllg sacbb m` if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 8:8 cfg 8:8 cfg sacbb m` w`cta`rprllh`g. 7.3.7
N`tcbs
N`tcb pcrts salubg m` prlt`jt`g cdcifst ctnlspa`rij jlfgitilfs cfg jctalgij jlrrlsilf.
N`tcbs tact prlguj` tlxij lxig`s tact sjcb` lr bck` sacbb m` prlt`jt`g my c flf-tlxij jlctifd. 7.3.0
Zyfta`tijs
Ih, gurifd ncift`fcfj`, it is gihijubt tl g`t`rnif` ct wact plift nct`ricb m`jln`s mrittb`, ncfuhcjtur`rs sacbb div` cf ifgijctilf lh ta` tin` p`rilg cht`r waija ta` pcrt lr `quipn`ft lr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd salubg m` r`pbcj`g. It salubg m` plssimb` hlr ta` lp`rctlr lh lh ta` pbcydrlufg tl visucbb v isucbbyy ig`ftihy `xj`ssiv` w`cr lh ta` t a` d`bjlct lh D]U (dbcss-r`ifhlrj`g pbcstijs) prlgujts ift`fg`g hlr sbigifd m`hlr` ta` us`r m`jln`s `xpls`g tl ta` dbcss imr`s. FLW@
Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g hlr `xcnpb` my ta` us` lh gihh`r`ft jlblur`g bcy`rs if ta` sbigifd surhcj`.
Jlfsig`rctilf salubg cbsl m` div`f tl g`drcgctilf lh strujturcb jlnplf`fts lr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd tarluda ubtrcvilb`t u btrcvilb`t ifbu`fj`s.
38
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.3.8
Gcfd`rlus sumstcfj`s
Gcfd`rlus sumstcfj`s sacbb flt m` us`g if pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft lr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd if suja c wcy tact ta`y jcf jcus` cgv`rs` a`cbta `hh`jts tl ta` us`r lh ta` `quipn`ft. FLW@ Ctt`ftilf is grcwf tl ta` prlvisilfs lh ta` ]@CJA ]`dubctilf (@J) 395 3954 4/=558 cfg its sujj`ssiv` nlgiijctilfs. ]`strijt`g nct`ricbs ifjbug`, mut cr` flt binit`g tl, csm`stls, b`cg, hlrncbg`ayg`, jlcb tcr libs, jcrmlbif`uns, plbyjablrifct`g mipa` mipa`fybs fybs (UJMs) cfg plbyjyjbij crlnctij aygrljcrmlfs aygrlj crmlfs (UCA jlnplufgs). jlnplufgs).
7.=
G`sidf cfg ncfuhcjtur`
7.=.3
D`f`rcb
@quipn`ft wa`r` ta` princry pbcy hufjtilf is cudn`ft`g my c s`jlfgcry nltilf, `.d. rljkifd cfg/lr rltctifd, rltct ifd, sacbb sacb b jlfhlrn tl ta` cggitilfcb pcrts pcrt s lh @F 334 3348 8 r`bctifd tl mlta pbcy hufjtilfs, hufj tilfs, cs cpprlprict`, ufb`ss ta` `quipn`ft is sp`jiijcbby jlv`r`g if oust lf` lh ta` cggitilfcb pcrts lh @F 3348.
Wa` gin`fsilfs cfg g`dr`` lh gihijubty lh ta` `quipn`ft salubg m` suitcmb` hlr ta` ift`fg`g us`r drlup. Wa` `quipn`ft salubg m` g`sidf`g sl tact ta` risk ifvlbv`g if pbcy is cppcr`ft cfg hlr`s``cmb` my ta` jaibg. FLW@ Hlr cggitilfcb sch`ty lh lh `quipn`f `quipn`ftt tact is `csiby cjj`ssimb cjj`ssimb`, `, sp`jiij r`quir`n`fts acv` m``f ifjbug`g hlr ta` hlbblwifd? ‗ prlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd? c) ducrgrcib ducrgrcibss (7.=.7.: 7.=.7.:); ); m) mcrr mcrri`rs i`rs (7.=.7.7 7.=.7.7); ); ‗ st``p `b`n`f `b`n`fts ts (7.=.9.7 7.=.9.7); ); ‗ `csiby cjj`ssimb` pbcydrlufg `quipn` `quipn`ft ft (7.=.9.0 7.=.9.0). ).
@xj`pt wa`f ift`fg`g hlr wct`r pbcy, pbcy, cbb pcrt pc rtss lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft salubg salubg m` g`sidf`g sl tact t act ta`y gl flt cjjunubct` wct`r wct`r `.d. spcj` m`f`cta mlufjifd hcjibity lr jcrlus`b busa wita w ita ta` drlufg. d rlufg. 7.=.=
Ztrujturcb ift`drity
Hlr pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft, ta` strujturcb ift`drity hlr ta` wlrst jcs` lh ta` ift`fg`g jlnmifctilfs sacbb m` prlv`g. Ztrujturcb ift`drity, ifjbugifd stcmibity lh ta` `quipn`ft sacbb m` css`ss`g my lf` lh ta` hlbblwifd? c) jcbju jcbjubctilf, bctilf, if cjjlrgcfj` wita Cff`x`s C cfg C cfg M; m) paysijcb t`st t`stifd, ifd, if cjjlrgcfj` wita Cff`x J; J; lr j) c jlnmifc jlnmifctilf tilf lh c) cfg m). Ta`f jcbjubctilfs cr` jcrri`g lut if cjjlrgcfj` wita Cff`x M M fl binit stct`s sacbb m` `xj``g`g ct jlnmifctilfs lh blcgs cs div`f if M.= M.=.. Ta`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita Cff`x J, J, ta` `quipn`ft sacbb flt salw cfy jrcjks, gcncd` gc ncd` lr `xj`ssiv` p`rncf`ft g`hlrnctilf (s`` J.3.= J.3.=). ). @cja strujtur` sacbb r`sist mlta ta` p`rncf`ft cfg vcricmb` blcgs cjtifd lf `quipn`ft cfg pcrts lh `quipn`ft cs g`sjrim`g if Cff`x J. J. Ta`f pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft r`bi`s lf lf` plst hlr its stcmibity, ta` jlfstrujtilf salubg m` jcrri`g lut if lrg`r tl? ‗ nifiniz` rlttifd rlttifd lr jlrrlsi jlrrlsilf lf if pcrts r`b`vcft r`b`vcft hlr stcmibity; ‗ cbblw hlr hlr jlftrlbbifd g`drcgctilf cfg ta` f``g hlr g`jlnnissilf;
34
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
‗ m` us`g witalut jlbbcps` witaif ta` hlr`s``f ifsp`jtilf p`rilg wa`f nciftc nciftcif`g if`g jlrr`jt jlrr`jtby. by. FLW@ 3 Fl cbblwcfj` hlr hlr cjjig`ftcb cjjig`ftcb blcgs, blcgs, i.`. blcgs prlguj`g my ir`, jlbbisilf my v`aijb`s lr `crtaquck`, f``g tl m` ncg` hlr pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. `quipn`ft. FLW@ = Wa` blcgs blcgs cssljict`g cssljict`g wita hctidu` cr` if d`f`rcb nuja sncbb`r tacf ta` blcgs if jlnmifctilf wita ta` cpprlprict` blcg hcjtlrs wa`f jcbjubct`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita M.= M.=.. Wa`r`hlr`, pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft if d`f`rcb f``g flt m` v`rii`g hlr hctidu`. FLW@ : Hlr lf` plst `quipn`ft `quipn`ft ct ifstcbbctilf stcd`, it is cgvis`g tl jlfsig`r cjj`ss tl hlufgctilfs tl jlftrlb rlttifd lr g`drcgctilf; g`drcgct ilf; ta` jalij` jalij` lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd nct`ricb jcf j cf acv` inpbijctilfs lf ifsp`jtilfs tl hlufgctilfs.
Ztrujturcb pcrts pcr ts sacbb r`sist ta` wlrst jcs` blcgifd jlfgitilf. jlfgitilf. FLW@ 7 Wl cjai`v` cjai`v` tais, it nidat m` m` f`j`sscry f`j`sscry tl r`nlv` r`nlv` tact pcrt lh ta` us`r blcg jcusifd hcvlurcmb` `hh`jts, cs salwf if Hidur` 4. 4.
K`y
3 r`n r`nlv lv`` tais tais pcrt lh lh ta` blcg blcg m`jcu m`jcus` s` lh hcv hcvlur lurcmb cmb`` `hh`jts `hh`jts Hidur` 4 ‗ @xcnpb` lh r`nlvcb lh tact pcrt lh ta` us`r blcg waija jcus`s c hcvlurcmb` `hh`jt
7.=.:
Cjj`ssimibity hlr cgubts
Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft sacbb m` g`sidf`g tl `fsur` tact cgubts cr` cmb` tl dcif cjj`ss tl cssist jaibgr`f witaif ta` `quipn`ft. @fjbls`g pcrts lh ta` `quipn`ft suja cs tuff`bs cfg pbcyalus`s, wita cf ift`rfcb gistcfj` dr`ct`r tacf = 555 nn hrln cf `ftry plift sacbb acv` ct b`cst twl cjj`ss lp`fifds tact cr` ifg`p`fg`ft lh lf` cflta`r cfg situct`g lf gihh`r`ft sig`s lh ta` `quipn`ft. Wa`s` lp`fifds sacbb flt m` jcpcmb` lh m`ifd bljk`g cfg sacbb m` cjj`ssimb` witalut cfy cggitilfcb cigs (`.d. c bcgg`r tact is flt cf ift`drcb pcrt lh ta` `quipn`ft). Wa`s` cjj`ss lp`fifds sacbb acv` fl gin`fsilf b`ss tacf 055 nn.
M`jcus` lh ta` risk lh ir`, ta`s` twl lp`fifds sacbb cbblw ta` us`r tl b`cv` ta` `quipn`ft my gihh`r`ft rlut`s. 7.=.7 7.=.7.3
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd D`f`rcb
Gihh`r`ft typ`s lh prlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd hrln `b`vct`g pbcthlrns cr` r`quir`g. Wa` typ` lh prlt`jtilf r`quir`g wibb g`p`fg lf ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb cfg lf ta` typ` lh `quipn`ft, wa`ta`r it is `csiby cjj`ssimb` lr flt (s`` 7.=.7.: 7.=.7.: cfg cfg 7.=.7.7 7.=.7.7). ). Z`` Hidur` 1 cfg 1 cfg Cff`x H. H.
31
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Ta`f ifstcbb`g lf rcnps lr stcirs, acfgrcibs, ducrgrcibs lr mcrri`rs sacbb jlnn`fj` ct ta` blw`st plsitilf lf ta` rcnp lr stcirs. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) Urlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd hlr `csiby cjj`ssimb` `quipn`ft
m) Urlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd hlr flt `csiby cjj`ssimb` `quipn`ft
K`y
3 inpcjt inpcjt ctt` ctt`fuc fuctif tifdd surhc surhcjif jifdd if cjjlr cjjlrgcf gcfj` j` wita wita 7.=.1.0 = mc mcrr rrii`r `rss r`q `qui uirr`g : du ducr crgr grci cibb r`q r`qui uirr`g Hidur` 1 ‗ D`f`rcb prlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd wa`r` ta`r` is fl hlrj`g nlv`n`ft
7.=.7.=
Acfgrcibs
Acfgrcibs sacbb m` flt b`ss tacf 855 nn cfg flt nlr` tacf 105 nn cmlv` ta` hllt plsitilf (s`` Hidur` 9). 9). Cs c nifinun, acfgrcibs sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr drcsp (s`` 7.=.7.4 7.=.7.4). ).
39
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
3 =
hllt plsitilf acfgrcib Hidur` 9 ‗ Duigcfj` lf n`csur`n`ft lh a`idat lh acfgrcib cmlv` hllt plsitilf
7.=.7.:
Ducrgrcibs
Hlr `quipn`ft lta`r tacf tact waija is `csiby cjj`ssimb`, ducrgrcibs sacbb m` prlvig`g wa`f ta` pbcthlrn is 3 555 nn tl = 555 nn cmlv` ta` pbcyifd surhcj` (s`` Hidur` 1m)). 1m)). Wa` a`idat tl ta` tlp lh ducrgrcib stcirs sacbb m` b`ss tacf 855 nn cfg flt nlr` tacf 105 nn n`csur`g hrln ta` surhcj` lh ta` pbcthlrn, lr flt rcnp. Ducrgrcibs sacbb jlnpb`t`by surrlufg ta` pbcthlrn `xj`pt hlr `ftrcfj` cfg `xit lp`fifds f`j`sscry hlr `cja pbcy `b`n`ft. Wa` wigta lh `ftrcfj` cfg `xit lp`fifds if ducrgrcibs, wita ta` `xj`ptilf lh stcirs, rcnps cfg mrigd`s, sacbb acv` c ncxinun jb`cr lp`fifd lh 055 nn, wa`f n`csur`g alrizlftcbby ct c plsitilf, wita c a`idat m`tw``f 855 nn tl 105 nn hrln ta` pbcthlrn. Hlr stcirs, rcnps cfg mrigd`s ta` wigta lh ta` `xit lp`fifd if ta` ducrgrcib sacbb m` fl dr`ct`r tacf ta` wigta lh ta`s` `b`n`fts. 7.=.7.7
Mcrri`rs
@xj`pt hlr `ftrcfj` cfg `xit lp`fifds f`j`sscry hlr `cja pbcy `b`n`ft, mcrri`rs sacbb jlnpb`t`by surrlufg ta` pbcthlrn. Wa` wigta lh `ftrcfj` cfg `xit lp`fifds if mcrri`rs sacbb acv` c jb`cr lp`fifd lh 055 nn ncxinun, wa`f n`csur`g alrizlftcbby ct cfy plift (s`` Hidur` 35c)), 35c)), ufb`ss c ducrgrcib is prlvig`g cjrlss ta` lp`fifd (s`` Hidur` 35m) 35m) cfg Hidur` 35j)). 35j)). Hlr stcirs, rcnps, mrigd`s, `tj. tact acv` cggitilfcb mcrri`rs cs pcrt lh ta`ir strujtur`, ta` wigta lh ta` `xit lp`fifd if ta` mcrri`r sacbb m` fl dr`ct`r tacf ta` wigta lh ta`s` `b`n`fts.
=5
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Wa`r` sacbb m` fl ift`rn`gict` alrizlftcb lr f`cr alrizlftcb rcibs lr mcrs tact jcf m` us`g cs st`ps my jaibgr`f ctt`nptifd tl jbinm. Wa` g`sidf lh ta` tlp lh ta` mcrri`rs salubg flt `fjlurcd` jaibgr`f tl stcfg lr sit lf ta`n, flr salubg cfy ifibbifd `fjlurcd` jbinmifd.
Lp`fifds m`tw``f ta` pbcthlrn surhcj` cfg ta` blw`r `gd` lh ta` mcrri`r cfg m`tw``f cfy ifibbifd `b`n`fts sacbb flt cbblw pcsscd` lh ta` prlm` J. Hlr `csiby cjj`ssimb` `quipn`ft, mcrri`rs sacbb m` prlvig`g wa`f ta` pbcthlrn is nlr` tacf 855 nn cmlv` ta` pbcyifd surhcj` (s`` Hidur` 1c)). 1c)). Hlr `quipn`ft lta`r tacf `csiby cjj`ssimb`, mcrri`rs sacbb m` prlvig`g wa`f ta` pbcthlrn is nlr` tacf = 555 nn cmlv` ta` pbcyifd surhcj` (s`` Hidur` 1m)). 1m)). Wa` a`idat tl ta` tlp lh ta` mcrri`r sacbb m` ct b`cst 455 nn n`csur`g hrln ta` surhcj` lh ta` pbcthlrn, stcirs lr rcnp. Lp`fifds if ta` mcrri`r lh `csiby cjj`ssimb` `quipn`ft/pcrts lh `quipn`ft tact div` cjj`ss tl st``p pbcy `b`n`fts sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts lh 7.=.9.7 7.=.9.7.. Hlr cbb lta`r `quipn`ft, lp`fifds if ta` mcrri`r prlvig`g wita c ducrgrcib, waija div` cjj`ss tl st``p pbcy `b`n`fts, sacbb flt m` dr`ct`r tacf 3 =55 nn (s`` Hidur` 35j)). 35j)). Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) cfy cfy fc fcrrl rrlw w `b` `b`n` n`ft ft
m) st` st``p `p pb pbcy cy `b `b`n `n`f `ftt is is ct ct b`c b`cst st j) st``p pbcy `b`n`ft is wig`r cs wig` cs ta` lp`fifd
tacf ta` t a` lp`fifd
Hidur` 35 ‗ @ftrcfj` cfg `xit lp`fifds if mcrri`rs hlr st``p pbcy `b`n`fts
7.=.7.0
Ztr`fdta r`quir`n`f r`quir`n`fts ts
Mcrri`rs cfg ducrgrcibs sacbb jlfhlrn tl 7.=.= 7.=.=.. 7.=.7.8
Drip r`quir`n`fts
Wa` jrlss-s`jtilf lh cfy supplrt g`sidf`g tl m` dripp`g hlr supplrt lh hubb mlgy w`idat (s`` :.38 :.38 cfg cfg Hidur` 0) 0) sacbb acv` c gin`fsilf lh flt b`ss tacf 38 nn lr nlr` tacf 70 nn if cfy gir`jtilf, wa`f n`csur`g cjrlss its j`ftr`. 7.=.7.4
Drcsp r`quir`n`f r`quir`n`fts ts
Wa` jrlss-s`jtilf lh cfy supplrt g`sidf`g tl m` drcsp`g (s`` :.34 :.34 cfg cfg Hidur` 8) 8) sacbb acv` c wigta flt `xj``gifd 85 nn.
=3
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.0
Hifisa lh `quipn`ft
Tllg`f `quipn`ft sacbb m` ncg` lh wllg wita c blw susj`ptimibity tl spbift`rifd. Wa` surhcj` ifisa lh `quipn`ft ncg` lh lta`r nct`ricbs (`.d. dbcss imr`) sacbb m` flf-spbift`rifd. Wa`r` sacbb m` fl prltrugifd fcibs, prlo`jtifd wir` rlp` t`rnifctilfs lr plift`g lr sacrp-`gd`g jlnplf`fts. ]luda surhcj`s salubg flt pr`s`ft cfy risk lh ifoury. Urltrugifd mlbt tar`cgs witaif cfy cjj`ssimb` pcrt lh ta` `quipn`ft sacbb m` p`rncf`ftby jlv`r`g, `.d. gln` a`cg`g futs. Futs cfg mlbt a`cgs tact prlo`jt b`ss tacf 1 nn sacbb m` hr`` hrln murrs. FLW@ 3
Hidur` 33 salws 33 salws `xcnpb`s lh prlt`jtilf hlr futs cfg mlbts.
Jlrf`rs, `gd`s cfg prlo`jtifd pcrts witaif ta` spcj` ljjupi`g my ta` us`r tact prltrug` nlr` tacf 1 nn, cfg waija cr` flt sai`bg`g my cgocj`ft cr`cs tact cr` flt nlr` tacf =0 nn hrln ta` `fg lh ta` prlo`jtifd pcrt, sacbb m` rlufg`g lhh. Wa` nifinun rcgius lh ta` jurv` sacbb m` : nn. FLW@ =
Wais r`quir`n`ft r`quir`n`ft is ift`fg`g lfby tl pr`v`ft ifouri`s jcus`g my my ufift`fg`g ufift`fg`g jlftcjt wita jlnplf`fts. jlnplf`fts.
Jlrf`rs, `gd`s cfg prlo`jtilfs wita c rcgius b`ss tacf : nn ncy m` if lta`r cjj`ssimb` pcrts lh ta` `quipn`ft lfby ih ta`y cr` flt sacrp. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Hidur` 33 ‗ @xcnpb`s lh prlt`jtilf hlr futs cfg mlbts
7.=.8
Nlvifd pcrts
Wa`r` sacbb if m`cjjlrgcfj` fl jrusaifdwita plifts lr `quipn`ft, 7.=.4. 7.=.4 . sa`crifd plifts m`tw``f nlvifd cfg/lr stctilfcry pcrts lh ta` Ucrts hrln waija c aida inpcjt hlrj` jcf `ncfct` salubg acv` cf ctt`fuctifd jlfstrujtilf. Ih nlvifd pcrts lh ta` `quipn`ft jcf `fgcfd`r ta` mlgy, ta`r` sacbb m` c drlufg jb`crcfj` lh ct b`cst 755 nn. 7.=.4 7.=.4.3
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst `ftrcpn`ft D`f`rcb
Ta`f jallsifd nct`ricbs, ta` ncfuhcjtur`r salubg tck` iftl cjjluft ta` `ftrcpn`ft aczcrgs tact jcf ljjur tarluda gistlrtilf lh nct`ricbs gurifd us`. FLW@ 3
W`st n`talg n`talgss hlr `ftrcpn`ft cr` div`f if Cff`x G. G.
FLW@ =
Ulssimb` Ulssim b` `ftrcpn`ft situctilfs cr` ibbustrct`g if Cff`x @. @.
Lp`fifds sacbb acv` fl pcrts tact jlfv`rd` if ta` glwfwcrg gir`jtilf ct cf cfdb` lh b`ss tacf 85µ tckifd iftl jlfsig`rctilf ta` hlbblwifd jlfgitilfs (7.=.4.= (7.=.4.=). ). ==
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.4.=
@ftrcpn`ft lh ta` a`cg cfg f`jk
@quipn`ft sacbb m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact cfy lp`fifds gl flt jr`ct` a`cg cfg f`jk `ftrcpn`ft aczcrgs `ita`r my a`cg irst lr h``t irst pcsscd`. Aczcrglus situctilfs if waija tais typ` lh `ftrcpn`ft jcf m` `fjluft`r`g ifjbug` ta` hlbblwifd?
‗ jlnpb`t`by mlufg mlufg lp`fifds lp`fifds tarluda waija c us`r jcf sbig` h``t irst lr a`cg irst; ‗ pcrt pcrticbby icbby mlufg lr X-sac X-sacp`g p`g lp`fifds; ‗ lta`r lp`fifds (`.d. (`.d. sa`crif sa`crifdd lr nlvifd lp`fifds). c)
Jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds?
Cjj`ssimb` jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds wita c blw`r `gd` nlr` tacf 855 nn cmlv` ta` pbcyifd surhcj` (s`` :.0 :.0)) sacbb m` t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.=.3 G.=.3.. Urlm`s J lr @ sacbb flt pcss tarluda cfy lp`fifd ufb`ss it cbsl cbblws ta` pcsscd` lh ta` bcrd` a`cg prlm` G. FLW@ 3 m)
Urlm` J r`pr`s`fts c ‑h``t irst’ pcsscd` tl cf lp`fifd lp`fifd cfg prlm` prlm` @ r`pr`s`fts r`pr`s`fts c ‑a`cg irst’ pcsscd`.
Ucrticbby mlufg cfg X-sacp`g lp`fifds?
Ucrticbby mlufg cfg X-sacp`g lp`fifds wita cf `ftrcfj` ct 855 nn lr nlr` cmlv` ta` drlufg sacbb m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact t act `ita`r? 3) lp`fifd is flt cjj`ssimb` wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.=.= G.=.=;; lr =) ih cjj`ssimb` ct c plsitilf lh lh 855 nn lr nlr` cmlv` cmlv` drlufg wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.=.= G.=.=,, g`p`fgifd lf ta` cfdubcr lri`ftctilf rcfd` lh ta` lp`fifd (s`` Hidur` G.7), G.7), sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` hlbblwifd? ‗ ]cfd` 3? (t`np (t`npbct` bct` j`ftr` bif` ³ 70µ hrln v`rtijcb); wa`f ta` t`npbct` cp`x jlftcjt jlftcjtss ta` mcs` lh ta` lp`fifd, ta` g`pta lh ta` lp`fifd sacbb m` b`ss tacf ta` b`fdta lh ta` t`npbct` tl ta` ufg`rsig` lh ta` salubg`r s`jtilf. ‗ ]cfd` =? (t`np (t`npbct` bct` j`ftr` bif` hrln alrizlftc alrizlftcbb tl + 70µ); wa`f ta` t`npbct` cp`x jlftcjt jlftcjtss ta` mcs` lh ta` lp`fifd, ta` t a` g`pta lh ta` lp`fifd sacbb m` b`ss tacf t acf ta` ‑C’ ‑C’ plrtilf lh ta` t`npbct`. Ih ta` t a` g`pta lh ta` lp`fifd is dr`ct`r tacf ta` ‑C’ plrtilf lh ta` t`npbct` cbb pcrts lh ta` lp`fifd cmlv` ta` ‑C’ plrtilf sacbb cbsl cbblw ifs`rtilf lh ta` salubg`r s`jtilf lh ta` t`npbct` lr prlm` G. ‗ ]cfd` :? Fl t`npbct` t`st r`quir`n`fts. j)
Lta`r lp`fifds (`.d. sa`crifd lr nlvifd lp`fifds)?
Flf-ridig n`nm`rs (hlr `xcnpb` rlp`s) sacbb flt lv`rbcp ih, my glifd sl, ta`y jr`ct` lp`fifds tact gl flt jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds.
Lp`fifds m`tw``f ta` b`ximb` pcrts lh susp`fg`g mrigd`s cfg cfy ridig sig` n`nm`rs sacbb m` flt b`ss tacf =:5 nn if gicn`t`r ufg`r ta` wlrst jcs` jlfgitilf lh blcgifd (s`` 7.=.= 7.=.=). ). Mlta blcg`g cfg ufblcg`g situctilfs sacbb m` jlfsig`r`g. FLW@ = Wais r`quir`n`ft r`quir`n`ft r`bct`s r`bct`s tl ta` plt`fticb jacfd` if gin`fsilfs gin`fsilfs cs c r`subt lh ta` str`tjaifd lh lh mrigd` mrigd` b`ximb` supplrts (`.d. wir`) lv`r tin`. C typijcb ty pijcb susp`fg`g mrigd` is ibbustrct`g if Hidur` 3=. 3=.
=:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
K`y
3 =
ridig sig` n`nm`rs susp`fg`g mrigd`
: 7
ridig sig` n`nm`rs gicn`t`r =:5 nn nifinun Hidur` 3= ‗ Zusp`fg`g mrigd`
7.=.4.:
@ftrcpn`ft lh jbltaifd/acir
@quipn`ft salubg m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact aczcrglus situctilfs ifjbugifd ta` hlbblwifd, if waija jbltaifd `ftrcpn`ft jcf m` `fjluft`r`g, cr` flt jr`ct`g? c) dcps lr X-sacp`g lp`fifds if waija c pcrt lh jbltaifd jcf m`jln` trcpp`g waib` lr inn`gict`by m`hlr` ta` us`r is ufg`rdlifd c hlrj`g nlv`n`ft; m) prltrusilfs; cfg j) spifgb`s/rltctifd pcrt pcrts. s. FLW@ 3 Wa` tlddb` t`st (s (s`` `` G.: G.:)) is r`strijt`g tl t l ta` hr`` spcj` cs prcjtijcb `xp`ri`fj` `x p`ri`fj` acs salwf salwf tact fcturcb nct`ricbs cfg jlff`jtilfs m`tw``f gihh`r`ft gih h`r`ft pcrts jcf vcry lv`r tin`. Wa` W a` g`ifitilf lh hr`` spcj` (s`` :.0 :.0)) gl`s flt ifjbug` ifjbug` ta` tar``-gin`fsilfcb t ar``-gin`fsilfcb cr`c if waija ta` hcbbifd h cbbifd nlv`n`ft nlv`n`ft tck`s pbcj`. =7
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Zp`jicb jlfsig`rctilf salubg m` div`f wa`f usifd `b`n`fts lh jirjubcr jrlss-s`jtilf, `.d. rlufg tum`s lr plb`s, tl cvlig jbltaifd `ftcfdb`n`ft witaif ta` hcbbifd spcj`. FLW@ =
Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g my us` lh spcj`rs lr sinibcr g`vij`s.
Zbig`s cfg ir`ncf's plb`s sacbb m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact lp`fifds bljct`g witaif ta` hr`` spcj` gl flt trcp ta` tlddb` wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.: G.:.. ]llhs sacbb m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact ta`y gl flt trcp ta` tlddb` wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.: G.:.. Zpifgb`s cfg rltctifd pcrts sacbb m` jlfstrujt`g sl cs tl pr`v`ft `ftcfdb`n`ft lh jbltaifd lr acir. FLW@ :
Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g my us` lh suitcmb` jlv`rifd lr sai`bgs.
7.=.4.7
@ftrcpn`ft lh ta` walb` mlgy
@quipn`ft salubg m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact ta` hlbblwifd aczcrglus situctilfs, waija nidat jcus` `ftrcpn`ft, cr` flt jr`ct`g? c) tuff`bs iftl waija jaibgr`f jcf jrcwb wita ta`ir walb` mlgy; cfg m) susp`fg`g pcrt pcrtss waija cr` a`cvy a`cvy lr acv` ridig susp`fsilf. Wuff`bs sacbb acv` c ncxinun b`fdta lh 35 555 nn cfg jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts div`f if Wcmb` 3. 3. Wcmb` 3 ‗ ]`quir`n`fts hlr tuff`bs
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s ]`quir`n`ft s
Lp`f mlt a `fgs
≧ 0µ cfg upwcrgs lfby wa`f `ft`rifd
Ifjbifctilf Nifinun ift`rfcb gin`fsilf c B`fdta Lt a`r r`quir`n`ft s FLW@
Lp`f lf` `fg
≧ 30µ
6 30µ
≠ 405
≠ 7 55
≠ 055
≠ 405
≠ 405
≧ = 555
≧ 3 555
≧ = 555
≧ 35 555
≧ 35 555
Flf`
Flf`
Flf`
Flf`
Urlvisilf hlr jbinmifd `.d.
st`ps lr acfgb`s
Hlr tuf tuff`b f`b sbig`s, s`` @F 334 3348‚:. 8‚:.
c N`csur`g ct ta` fcrrlw`st plift.
7.=.4.0
@ftrcpn`ft lh ta` hllt lr b`d
@quipn`ft salubg m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact ta` hlbblwifd aczcrglus situctilfs, waija nidat jcus` `ftrcpn`ft, cr` flt jr`ct`g? c) jlnpb`t`by mlufg ridig lp`fifds if surhcj`s lf waija jaibgr`f jcf ruf lr jbinm; cfg m) hlltalbgs, acfgalbgs, `tj. `xt`fgifd hrln ta`s` surhcj`s surhcj`s.. FLW@
If ta` jcs` lh m) ta` `ftrcpp`g hllt lr cfkb` jcf m` s`v`r`by ifour`g ih ta` us`r hcbbs.
=0
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
3 gi gir` r`jt jtil ilf f lh lh trc trcv` v`bb Hidur` 3: ‗ N`csur`n`ft lh dcps binit`g tl :5 nn
Zurhcj`s ift`fg`g hlr ruffifd/wcbkifd sacbb flt jlftcif dcps bik`by tl jcus` hllt lr b`d `ftrcpn`ft. Dcps if ta` ncif gir`jtilf gir`jt ilf lh trcv`b sacbb flt m` dr`ct`r tacf :5 nn wa`f n`csur`g cjrlss ta` t a` gir`jtilf lh trcv`b (s`` Hidur` 3:). 3:). Wais r`quir`n`ft gl`s flt cppby tl surhcj`s ifjbif`g nlr` tacf :1µ hrln ta` alrizlftcb. 7.=.4.8
@ftrcpn`ft lh ifd`rs
@quipn`ft salubg m` jlfstrujt`g sl tact ta` hlbblwifd aczcrglus situctilfs, waija ncy jcus` `ftrcpn`ft, cr` flt jr`ct`g?
c) dcps if waija ifd`rs jcf m` trcpp`g waibst ta` r`ncifg`r lh ta` mlgy is nlvifd nlvifd lr jlftifu`s if hlrj`g nlv`n`ft, hlr `xcnpb` sbigifd, swifdifd; cfg m) vcricmb` dcps (`xjbugifd jacifs). Lp`fifds witaif ta` hr`` spcj`, wa`r` ta` us`r is sumo`jt`g tl hlrj`g nlv`n`ft, cfg/lr alb`s waija acv` c blw`r `gd` nlr` tacf 3 555 nn cmlv` ta` plt`fticb inpcjt cr`c, wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.7 G.7,, sacbb jlfhlrn tl lf` lh ta` hlbblwifd r`quir`n`fts? FLW@ 3
Lp`fifds ifjbug` tum`s cfg pip`s.
j) ta` 1 nn ifd`r rlg (s`` Hidur` G.35c)) G.35c)) sacbb flt pcss tarluda ta` nifinun jrlss-s`jtilf lh ta` lp`fifd cfg ta` prlib` lh ta` lp`fifd sacbb m` suja tact ta` rlg jcfflt m` bljk`g if cfy plsitilf wa`f s`t if nltilf cs div`f if G.7.= G.7.=;; lr g) ih ta` 1 nn ifd`r rlg pcss`s tarluda ta` lp`fifd, ta` =0 nn ifd`r rlg (s`` Hidur` G.3 G.35m 5m)) )) sacbb cbsl pcss tarluda ta` lp`fifd, prlvig`g tact ta` lp`fifd gl`s flt p`rnit cjj`ss tl cflta`r ifd`r `ftrcpn`ft sit`. FLW@ = Lfby tl m` us`g wa`r` ta`r` is c plt`fticb hcbb tl cf inpcjt cr`c m`blw m`blw.. Z`` cbsl cgocj`ft cgocj`ft pbcthlrns pbcthlrns (7.=.1.0.7 7.=.1.0.7). ). FLW@ : Wa` t`st prlj`ss G.7.= hlr ifd`r `ftrcpn`ft wibb lfby m` jlfgujt`g wita ta` pr`s`fj` lh hr`` spcj` cfg/lr cfg/ lr hcbbifd hcbb ifd spcj`.
Wa` `fgs lh tum`s cfg pip`s sacbb m` jbls`g lhh tl pr`v`ft ta` risk lh ifd`r `ftrcpn`ft. Wa` jblsur`s sacbb flt m` r`nlvcmb` witalut usifd tllbs. Dcps wals` gin`fsilfs jacfd` gurifd us` lh ta` `quipn`ft sacbb acv` c nifinun gin`fsilf if cfy plsitilf lh 3= nn. =8
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Zpbits if sifdb` pi`j`s lh wllg sacbb flt m` jlfsig`r`g cs ifd`r `ftrcpn`ft wa`r` ta` dcp ginifisa`s tlwcrgs ta` j`ftr` lh ta` wllg`f pcrt. 7.=.1
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s gurifd nlv nlv`n`ft `n`ft cfg hcbbifd
7.=.1.3
G`t`rnifctilf lh hr`` a`idat lh hcbb
Pfb`ss lta`rwis`, g`t`rnifctilf lh hr`` a`idat hcbb sacbb m`cfg cs div`f Wcmb` =. Ifm`g`t`rnififd =. ta` hr``stct`g a`idat lh hcbb, ta` plssimb` nlv`n`fts lh ta`lh`quipn`ft lh ta`ifus`r sacbb tck`f iftl cjjluft. If d`f`rcb, tais n`cfs tact ta` ncxinun nlv`n`ft lh ta` `quipn`ft sacbb m` tck`f. If ta` jcs` lh rllhs, lr lta`r h`ctur`s flt ift`fg`g hlr pbcy, it is flt r`quir`g hlr ta`n tl m` ifjbug`g if ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb wa`r` cjj`ss acs flt m``f `fjlurcd`g. @QCNUB@ @QC NUB@
Zln` `xcnpb`s lh h`ctur`s tact jlubg `fjlurcd` cjj`ss cr`?
‗ pbcy h`ctur`, waija jcf m` m` cjj`ss`g hrln ta` rllh; ‗ acfg cfg hllt albgs hlr jbinmifd; ‗ crn lr b`d r`cja gistcfj`; ‗ ifjbifctilf lh ta` rllh; ‗ rludaf`ss lh ta` rllh surhcj`.
Wa` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb (a) sacbb flt `xj``g : 555 nn (s`` Hidur` 37). Hlr ta` g`t`rnifctilf lh hr`` a`idat lh hcbb, s`` Wcmb` =. =. Wcmb` = ‗ Hr`` a`idat lh hcbb hlr gihh`r`ft typ`s lh us` Wy p` lh us`
Zt cfgifd Zit t ifd Acfdifd c
X`r t ijcb gist cfj`
Hrln hllt supplr t tl sur hcj` m`blw Hrln s`ct tl sur hcj` m`blw Hrln acfg supplrt a`idat tl surhcj` m`blw
(Ta`f hubb hub b mlgy supplrt is prlvig`g my ta` acfgs lfby cfg ta` walb` mlgy jcf m` biht`g up tl ta` t a` acfg supplrt) Jbinmifd c Ncxinun acfg supplrt? 7 555 nn tl ta` surhcj` m`blw (hr`` a`idat lh hcbb n`csur`g hrln ncxinun ncx inun acfg supplrt supplrt
(Ta`f mlgy supplrt is c jlnmifctilf lh h``t/b`ds cfg nifus 3 555 nn tl ta` surhcj` m`blw) acfgs, `.d. jbinmifd rlp`s lr sbigifd/jbinmifd plb`s) Mlufjifd Hrln susp`fsilf m`g tl t a` blw`st plift lh hcbbifd spcj` pbus 955 nn c Zuja `quipn`ft `quipn`ft jlfstrujt`g hlr us` cs 'jbinmifd' lr ‑acfdifd’ sacbb flt `fjlurcd` `fjlurcd` cjj`ss cjj`ss tl plsitilfs hlr hlr hubb mlgy supplrt wita c hr`` h r`` a`idat lh hcbb lh nlr` tacf t acf : 555 nn `.d. `. d. alrizlftcb f`t (jbinmifd), alrizlftcb bcgg`r ift`fg`g hlr crn wcbkifd (acfdifd).
=4
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c)
j)
m)
g)
h)
`)
d)
K`y a
hr`` a`idat lh hcbb Hidur` 37 ‗ @xcnpb`s salwifd hr`` a`idat lh hcbb
=1
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.1.= 7.=.1.=.3
G`t`rnifctilf lh spcj`s cfg cr`cs D`f`rcb
Wa` r`quir`n`fts hlr hcbbifd spcj` cfg inpcjt cr`c witaif tais stcfgcrg cr` ift`fg`g tl lhh`r sln` prlt`jtilf tl us`rs gurifd ta` irst inpcjt lh c plt`fticb hcbb. Wa`s` spcj`s cfg cr`cs wibb cbsl chhlrg sln` prlt`jtilf tl lta`r us`rs wal nidat m` jirjubctifd crlufg ta` `quipn`ft it`ns, mut ta`s`
r`quir`n`fts m` jlfsig`r`g tlta` taisctt`ftilf stcfgcrglh csta` ta`ypbcy cr` cr`c bik`byg`sidf`r tl m` sit`issp`jiij ncy m` sumo`jtsalubg tl fctilfcb jlftrlb. if If cggitilf pcrtijubcr gir`jt`gcfg tl plssimb` aczcrgs cssljict`g wita ta` jbls` prlxinity lh pbcy strujtur`s ift`fg`g hlr us`rs lh dr`ctby gihh`r`ft cd` drlups cfg tals` if aidaby plpubct`g pbcy cr`cs suja cs tals` hlufg if sln` sjallbs. Jcr` salubg m` tck`f wita s`ct`g gyfcnij `quipn`ft wita sidfiijcft nltilf, `.d. swifds cfg j`rtcif typ`s lh rljkifd `quipn`ft, tl gisjlurcd` us`rs lh ta` surrlufgifd pbcy cr`c hrln ufift`ftilfcbby jlnifd iftl jlftcjt wita ta` `quipn`ft. Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g, hlr `xcnpb`, my pbcjifd ta` `quipn`ft ct ta` p`rin`t`r lh ta` pbcy cr`c. 7.=.1.=.=
Nifinun spcj`
Wa` nifinun spcj` sacbb jlfsist lh ta` hlbblwifd? c) spcj` ljjupi`g my ta` `quipn`ft; m) hr`` spcj`, ih cfy; cfg j) hcb hcbbifd bifd spcj`. 7.=.1.=.:
Hr`` spcj`
Wa` hr`` spcj` is c s`ri`s lh jybifgrijcb spcj`s r`pr`s`ftifd ta` us`r (s`` Hidur` 30), 30), lridifctifd hrln cfg p`rp`fgijubcr tl ta` mlgy m`crifd surhcj`, cblfd ta` hlrj`g pcta lh ta` us`r. Wa` jybifgrijcb spcj` is salwf if Hidur` 38 cfg 38 cfg its gin`fsilfs cr` div`f if Wcmb` :. :. If g`t`rnififd ta` hr`` spcj`, ta` plssimb` nlv`n`fts lh ta` `quipn`ft cfg ta` us`r sacbb m` tck`f iftl cjjluft. Hir`ncf's plb`s tact cr` cjj`ss`g vic c pbcthlrn lr lta`r stcrtifd plift sacbb acv` c jb`crcfj` lh ct b`cst :05 nn hrln ta` plb` tl ta` `gd` lh ta` cgocj`ft strujtur`. FLW@ 3 Wais is tl cbblw sch` drcmmifd lh lh ta` plb` waib` r`gujifd r`gujifd ta` risk lh a`cg inpcjt inpcjt lf ta` cgocj`ft strujtur`.
=9
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Hidur` 30 ‗ G`t`rnifctilf lh ta` hr`` spcj`; `xcnpb` lh c sbig`
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) Acfdifd us`r
m) Zt cfgifd us`r Hidur` 38 ‗ Jybifgrijcb spcj`
:5
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Wcmb` : ‗ Gin`fsilfs lh ta` jybifg`r hlr ta` g`t`rnifctilf lh ta` hr`` spcj`
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s Wy p` lh us`
] cgius
Zt cfgifd Zit t ifd Ac fd i f d
3 555 3 555 055
A`idat
3 155 3 055 :55 cmlv` cfg 3 155 m`blw acfdifd drip plsitilf FLW@ If jcs` lh acfdifd, a > :55 nn m`jcus` lh ta` plssimibity tact ta` us`rs pubb ta`ns`bv`s up [s`` Hidur` 38c)^. 38c)^. FLW@ = If j`rtcif jcs`s, ta` gin`fsilfs gin`fsilfs lh ta` hr`` spcj` spcj` jcf m` cbt`r`g. If sln` sln` jcs`s, ta`s` wibb m` div`f div`f if ta` pcrts pcrt s lh tais stcfgcrg jlv`rifd ifgivigucb typ`s lh `quipn`ft. `quipn`ft. 7.=.1.=.7
@xt`ft lh ta` inpcjt cr`c
Gin`fsilfs lh ta` inpcjt cr`c cr` salwf if Hidur` 34. 34. If j`rtcif jcs`s, suja cs c jcrlus`b divifd ta` us`r c alrizlftcb sp``g, ta` inpcjt cr`c ncy m` `xt`fg`g tl prlvig` cg`quct` prlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd ifouri`s. If g`t`rnififd ta` inpcjt cr`c, ta` plssimb` nlv`n`fts lh ta` `quipn`ft cfg ta` us`r sacbb m` tck`f iftl cjjluft. FLW@
Wa`s` jcs`s cr` cbsl jlv`r`g if ta` pcrt pcrtss lh tais stcfgcrg jlv`rifd ifgivigucb ty typ`s p`s lh `quipn`f `quipn`ft. t. Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s
K`y
Y Q c m
hr`` a` a`iidat lh hcb cbbb nifi ni finu nun n gin` gin`fs fsil ilf f lh in inpc pcjt jt cr` cr`cc inpcjt inp cjt ctt` ctt`fuc fuctif tifdd surhc surhcjif jifdd wita wita r`qu r`quir` ir`n`f n`fts ts (7.=.1.0.= (7.=.1.0.=)) surhcj` surh cj` wita fl inpcjt inpcjt ctt`fuctilf ctt`fuctilf t`st t`st r`quir`n r`quir`n`fts, `fts, ufb`ss ufb`ss ta`r` is hlrj`g hlrj`g nlv`n`ft nlv`n`ft (7.=.1.0.: (7.=.1.0.:)) Hidur` 34 ‗ @xt`ft lh ta` inpcjt cr`c
:3
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.1.=.0
@xt`ft lh ta` hcbbifd spcj`
Pfb`ss lta`rwis` sp`jii`g, ta` `xt`ft lh ta` hcbbifd spcj` sacbb m` ct b`cst 3 055 nn crlufg `b`vct`g pcrts lh ta` `quipn`ft, n`csur`g alrizlftcbby cfg `xt`fgifd hrln ta` v`rtijcb prlo`jtilf pbcf` m`blw ta` `quipn`ft. Wa` hcbbifd spcj` sacbb ifjr`cs` hlr hr`` a`idats lh hcbb cmlv` 3 055 nn tld`ta`r wita ta` `xt`ft lh ta` inpcjt cr`c (s`` 7.=.1.=.7 7.=.1.=.7). ). Wais r`quir`n`ft jcf m` vcri`g if j`rtcif jcs`s, `.d. ifjr`cs`g, if ta` jcs` lh hlrj`g nlv`n`ft lr r`guj`g, if ta` jcs` lh `quipn`ft ifstcbb`g lf lr cdcifst c wcbb lr hubby `fjbls`g `quipn`ft.
If nlst jcs`s ta`r` ncy m` lv`rbcppifd lh hcbbifd spcj`s ifjbugifd inpcjt cr`cs. Pfb`ss sp`jii`g if lta`r pcrts lh tais stcfgcrg, lv`rbcppifd lh ta` hcbbifd spcj` wa`r` hlrj`g nlv`n`ft `xists salubg flt ljjur. Ta`r` twl it`ns wita gihh`r`ft hcbb a`idats cr` sit`g tld`ta`r ta` bcrd`r lh ta` twl inpcjt cr`cs wibb tck` t ck` pr`j`g`fj`. pr`j`g`fj`. @xcnpb`s lh hcbbifd spcj` cr` div`f if Hidur`s 31 cfg 31 cfg 39 39..
K`y
3 = x y
inpcjt cr`c hcbbifd spcj` `xt`ft lh hcbbifd spcj` a`idat lh hcbbifd spcj` Hidur` 31 ‗ @xcnpb` lh hcbbifd spcj` cfg inpcjt cr`c lh c pbcthlrn
:=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
K`y
3 = : 7 c m
spcj`` ljju spcj ljjupi pi`g `g my ta` `q `qui uipn` pn`ft ft hcbbifd spcj` lh ta` ir`ncf's plb` hr`` spcj` lh ta` ir`ncf's plb` hcbb hc bbif ifdd spc spcj` j` lh pb pbct cthl hlrn rn ir`ncf’s plb` nifinun jb`crcfj` (s`` 7.=.1.: 7.=.1.:)) hr`` hr `` sp spcj cj`` rc rcgi gius us (s (s`` `` 7.=.1.=.: 7.=.1.=.:)) Hidur` 39 ‗ @xcnpb` lh hcbbifd spcj` cfg hr`` spcj` lh c ir`ncf's plb`
7.=.1.: Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s if ta` hr`` spcj` hlr us`rs us`rs ufg`rdlifd ufg`rdlifd c nlv nlv`n`ft `n`ft tact is hlrj`g my ta` `quipn`ft
Pfb`ss stct`g lta`rwis`, ta`r` sacbb m` fl lv`rbcppifd lh cgocj`ft hr`` spcj`s, lr lh hr`` spcj` cfg hcbbifd spcj` lh twl gihh`r`ft pi`j`s lh `quipn`ft. FLW@ 3
Wais r`quir`n`ft r`quir`n`ft gl`s flt cppby tl ta` jlnnlf spcj` m`tw``f pi`j`s lh `quipn`f `quipn`ftt if c jbust`r. jbust`r.
::
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Wa` hr`` spcj` sacbb flt jlftcif cfy lmstcjb`s lmst cjb`s tact ift`rh`r` wita wit a ta` pcsscd` lh c us`r waibst ufg`rdlifd c hlrj`g nlv`n`ft `.d. tr`` mrcfja`s, rlp`s, jrlss m`cns `tj. Ucrts lh ta` `quipn`ft m`crifd lr jlftcififd ta` us`r, lr a`bpifd ta` us`r tl k``p mcbcfj`, sacbb m` p`rnitt`g witaif ta` hr`` spcj`, `.d. c pbcthlrn wita c ir`ncf's plb` (s`` 7.=.1.=.: 7.=.1.=.:). ). FLW@ = @xj`ptilfs tl tais r`quir`n`ft r`quir`n`ft cr` div`f if ta` pcrt pcrtss lh lh tais stcfgcrg jlv`rifd ifgivigucb typ`s lh `quipn`ft.
Wa` hr`` spcj` sacbb flt m` ift`rs`jt`g my ncif trcv`bbifd rlut`s ct, lr tarluda, ta` pbcydrlufg (`.d. p`g`stricf pctawcy). 7.=.1.7
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s if ta` hcbbifd spcj`
Wa` hcbbifd spcj` sacbb flt jlftcif cfy lmstcjb`s lftl waija c us`r jlubg hcbb cfg jcus` ifouri`s, `.d. plsts flt busa wita cgocj`ft pcrts lr `xpls`g hlufgctilfs (s`` 7.=.37 7.=.37). ). FLW@ 3 Wa` ift`ftilf ift`ftilf lh tais r`quir`n`ft r`quir`n`ft is flt tl prlt`jt ta` us`r hrln niflr kfljks lr munps, tact nidat b`cg tl c mruis` lr sprcif `tj., cs ta`s` t a`s` typ`s lh ifouri`s cr` plssimb` if cbb situctilfs.
Wa` hlbblwifd hlbblwifd pcrts pcrt s lh pbcy strujtur`s ncy m` if ta` t a` hcbbifd spcj`? ‗ cgocj`ft pcrt pcrtss lh lh pbcy str strujtur ujtur`s `s wita c gihh`r`fj` if hr`` a`idat a`idat lh hcbb lh b`ss tacf 855 nn; ‗ pcrt pcrtss lh ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft m`crifd lr jlftcifi jlftcififd fd ta` us`r, us`r, lr a`bpifd ta` us`r tl k``p mcbcfj`; ‗ pcrt pcrtss lh ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft wita cf ifjbifctilf lh 85µ lr nlr` hrln ta` alrizlftcb alrizlftcb.. FLW@ =
If tais jcs` c hcbbifd us`r wlubg lfby nck` c dbcfjifd dbcfjifd jlftcjt wita ta` `quipn`f `quipn`ftt pcrt.
7.=.1.0
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s hrln ta` surhcj` lh ta` inpcjt cr`c
7.=.1.0.3
D`f`rcb
Wa` surhcj` lh ta` inpcjt cr`c sacbb m` hr`` hrln sacrp `gd`g pcrts lr prlo`jtilfs cfg sacbb m` ifstcbb`g witalut jr`ctifd cfy `ftrcpn`ft situctilf (s`` 7.=.4 7.=.4). ). Ih blls` pcrtijubct` nct`ricb is us`g it sacbb m` ifstcbb`g tl c bcy`r taijkf`ss lh 355 nn nlr` tacf tact g`t`rnif`g if Wcmb` 7 lr 7 lr my t`stifd tl @F 3344. FLW@ 7.=.1.0.=
Wais is tl cbblw hlr gispbcj`n`f gispbcj`n`ftt lh blls` pcrtiju pcrtijubct` bct` nct`ricb tarluda us`. @quipn`ft wita c hr`` a`idat lh hcbb dr`ct`r dr`ct`r tacf 855 nn lr wita hlrj`g nlv nlv`n`ft `n`ft
M`f`cta cbb pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft wita c hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh nlr` tacf 855 nn cfg/lr `quipn`ft jcusifd c hlrj`g nlv`n`ft lf ta` mlgy lh ta` us`r (`.d. swifds, sbig`s, rljkifd `quipn`ft, jcmb`wcys, jcrlus`bs, `tj.), ta`r` sacbb m` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd lv`r ta` `ftir` inpcjt cr`c. FLW@ 3 Zp`jiij r`quir`n`fts r`quir`n`fts hlr `quipn`f `quipn`ftt jcusifd c hlrj`g hlrj`g nlv`n`ft nlv`n`ft lf ta` mlgy lh ta` us`r (`.d. swifds, sbig`s, rljkifd `quipn`ft `tj.) cr` jlv`r`g if lta`r pcrts lh @F 3348.
Wa` jritijcb hcbb a`idat lh ta` surhcjifd sacbb m` `qucb tl, lr dr`ct`r tacf, ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh ta` `quipn`ft. @xcnpb`s hlr jlnnlfby us`g inpcjt ctt`fuctifd nct`ricbs cr` div`f if Wcmb` 7 7 wita ta` r`bct`g ncxinun hr`` a`idats lh hcbb, t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344 3344 cfg n`csur`g pcrtby lf sit` cfg pcrtby if ta` bcmlrctlry bcmlrctlry wita gihh`r`ft t`st jlfgitilfs. jlfgitilfs. Ta`r` ta` ifstcbb`g surhcjifd sur hcjifd jcf m` v`rii`g cs m`ifd if cjjlrgcfj` wita Wcmb` 7, 7, fl cggitilfcb t`stifd is r`quir`g.
:7
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Wa` `xt`ft lh ta` inpcjt cr`c is div`f if 7.=.1.=.7 7.=.1.=.7.. FLW@ = Wurh cs w`bb cs acvifd acvifd c`sta`tij cpp`cb cbsl acs sln` us`hub inpcjt inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s. @xp`ri`fj` @xp`ri`fj` acs salwf tact, ih w`bb nciftcif`g, it is flrncbby `hh`jtiv` hlr hcbb a`idats up tl 3 n cfg jcf m` us`g witalut ta` f``g tl jlfgujt c t`st. Hlr hcbb a`idats cmlv` 3 n, ta` p`rhlrncfj` lh turh cs cf inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd is g`p`fg`ft uplf bljcb jbinctij jlfgitilfs. Wa`r`hlr`, cs ta`r` cr` sidfiijcft r`dilfcb vcrictilfs if jbinct` tarludalut @urlp` it is cgvis`g tact duig`bif`s cr` div`f ct c fctilfcb b`v`b. Wurh/tlpslib is flt ift`fg`g tl m` t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344.
FLW@ : Inpcjt ctt`fuctifd nct`ricbs cr` t`st`g ufg`r ufg`r sp`jiij jlfgitilfs; jlfgitilfs; ta`r`hlr` ta` p`rhlrncfj` p`rhlrncfj` lh ta`s` nct`ricbs jcf vcry vc ry if us` (`.d. nct`ricbs ufg`r hrlz`f jlfgitilfs, rcif lr `xtr`n` a`ct) ‚ s`` 8.= 8.= lh lh tais stcfgcrg.
Inpcjt ctt`fuctifd nct`ricbs salubg m` cg`quct`by nciftcif`g. Hcibur` tl nciftcif suja surhcj`s wibb r`subt if ta` t a` inpcjt ctt`fuctilf m`ifd sidfiijcftby r`guj`g. Wcmb` 7 ‗ @xcnpb`s lh jlnnlfby us`g inpcjt ctt`fuctifd nct`ricbs, g`ptas cfg jlrr`splfgifd ncxinun hr`` a`idats lh hcbb Nct`ricb c
G`sjript ilf
Nifinun g`pt a m
Ncxinun hr`` a`idats lh hcbb
Ta`r` ta` ifstcbb`g ifstcb b`g surhcjifd is v`r-
nn
nn
nn
ihi`g (`.d. si`v` t`st) cs m`ifd if cjcj -
jlrgcfj` wita tais tcmb` lr jcrri`s c t`st r`plrt cjjlrgifd tl @F 3344, fl 3344, fl cggitilfcb is r`quir`g Wurh/tlpslt`stifd ib Mc r k Tllgjaip Zcfg lr drcv`b j Lt a`r nct`r icbs cfg lt a`r g`pt as
‗ =55 :55 0 tl :5 pcr t ijb` siz` =55 :55 5,=0 tl 1 drcif siz` =55 :55 Cs t`st`g cjjlrgifd tl @F 3344
≧ 3 555 g ≧ = 555 ≧ : 555 ≧ = 555 ≧ : 555 ≧ = 555 ≧ : 555
‗ =5 tl 15 pcr t ijb` siz`
Jritijcb hcbb a`idat cs
t`st`g sp`jiij ij nct`ricb prlp`rby pr`pcr`g hlr us` if jaibgr`f’s pbcydrlufgs s`` J@F/W] 38091 38091 c Hlr hurt a`r ifhlrnctilf lf sp`ji (Jlbb`jtilf lh ]ctilfcb`s hlr @F 3348‚3 r`quir`n`fts). m
Hlr blls` pcrtijubct` nct`ricb, cgg cgg 355 355 nn tl ta` nifinun nifinun g`pta tl jlnp`fsct` hlr gispbcj`n`ft gispbcj`n`ft (s`` (s`` 7.=.1.0.3 7.=.1.0.3). ).
Zcfg cfgtl drcv drcv`b sacbbcbbuvicb m` w`bb(fcturcbby rlufg`g cfg wcsa`g tl `binifct` nlst nlst lh ta` sibtsibt lrlr lr jbcy pcrtijb`s. Tcsa`g scfg tais lr drcv`b isj jlfsig`r`g m``bhrln `rlg`g) g`plsits cfg hr`` hrln nlst jbcy pcrtijb`s. Hlr drcv`b ncy jlnnlfby m` g`sjrim`g cs ‑p`c saifdb`’. Pfihlrnity jl`hiji`ft G85/G35 2 :,5. Drcif siz` jcf m` ig`ftii`g my us` lh c si`v` t`st, cs if @F 9::‚3 (s`` Cff`x D). D). g
Z`` FLW@ = if 7.=.1.0.= 7.=.1.0.=..
FLW@ 7 Blls` ibb nct`ricb sp`jiijctilfs if Wcmb` 7 cr` 7 cr` `xcnpb`s tact jcf m` cjj`pt`g witalut hurta`r t`stifd if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344 3344.. 7.=.1.0.: @quipn`ft wita c hr`` a`idat lh hcbb flt flt `xj``gifd `xj``gifd 855 nn nn cfg witalut hlrj`g nlv`n`ft
It is flt f`j`sscry tl t`st ta` jritijcb hcbb a`idat lh c surhcj` m`f`cta pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft acvifd c hr`` hcbb a`idat lh b`ss tacf 855 nn cfg waija gl`s flt jcus` hlrj`g nlv`n`ft lf ta` mlgy lh ta` us`r. 7.=.1.0.7
Cgocj`ft pbcthlrns
Ih ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb m`tw``f cgocj`ft pbcthlrns is nlr` tacf 3 n, ta` surhcj` lh ta` blw`r pbcthlrn sacbb pr`s`ft ta` f`j`sscry inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s.
:0
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.1.8
Urlt`jtilf cdcifst ifouri`s gu` tl lta`r typ`s lh nlv` nlv`n`ft n`ft
Wa` spcj` if, lf lr crlufg ta` `quipn`ft tact jcf m` ljjupi`g my ta` us`r sacbb flt jlftcif cfy lmstcjb`s tact ta` us`r is flt bik`by tl `xp`jt cfg waija jlubg jcus` ifouri`s ih ait my ta` us`r. FLW@
@xcnpb`s lh suja lmstcjb`s cr` salwf if Hidur` =5. =5.
c)
m)
Hidur` =5 ‗ Pf`xp`jt`g lmstcjb`s
7.=.9 7.=.9.3
N`cfs lh cjj`ss Bcgg`rs
Wa` spcjifd lh ta` rufds lr st`ps sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` a`cg `ftrcpn`ft r`quir`n`fts div`f if 7.=.4.= 7.=.4.=.. ]ufds cfg st`ps sacbb m` flf-rltctifd cfg `qucbby spcj`g. @qucb spcjifd is r`quir`g lfby m`tw``f ta` rufds. It is flt r`quir`g m`tw``f ta` aida`st rufd cfg ta` pbcthlrn lr ta` drlufg cfg ta` irst rufd. Wa` r`quir`n`ft hlr `qucb spcjifd gl`s flt cppby tl rlp` bcgg`rs. FLW@ Wl cssist ta` sch` trcfsh`r hrln ta` bcgg`r tl ta` pbcthlrn lr its sunnit, ta` stib`s lh lh ta` bcgg`r witalut ta` rufds lr st`ps jcf jlftifu` v`rtijcbby v`rtijcb by hrln ta` pbcthlrn tl ta` t a` tlp lh ta` mcrri`r.
Tllg`f jlnplf`fts sacbb acv` plsitiv` jlff`jtilfs tact jcfflt m` ufglf` lr saiht`g. Fcibs lr wllg sjr`ws sacbb flt m` us`g cs ta` lfby hlrn lh jlff`jtilf. Wl cbblw hlr ta` hllt tl r`st jlrr`jtby lf ta` rufd lr st`p ta`r` sacbb m` cf uflmstrujt`g spcj` ct ta` r`cr lh ta` bcgg`r lh ct b`cst 95 nn hrln ta` j`ftr` lh ta` rufd lr tr`cg n`csur`g ct 95µ tl ta` bcgg`r. ]ufds cfg st`ps sacbb m` alrizlftcb tl witaif ³ :µ. Bcgg`rs sacbb acv` rufds cfg/lr stib`s lr sacbb acv` acfgrcibs tact jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr drip cjjlrgifd tl 7.=.7.8 7.=.7.8 lr lr hlr drcsp cjjlrgifd tl 7.=.7.4 7.=.7.4..
:8
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.9.=
Ztcirs
Ztcirs wita c hr`` a`idat lh hcbb dr`ct`r tacf 855 nn sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts lh 7.=.7 7.=.7 jlfj`rfifd jlfj` rfifd prlt`jtilf cdcifst hcbbifd. Ducrgrcibs cfg/lr cfg/lr mcrri`rs sacbb m` prlvig prlvig`g `g hrln ta` t a` irst st`p cfg sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr drcsp (7.=.7.4 (7.=.7.4)) lr c acfgrcib sacbb m` prlvig`g. FLW@ 3
Wais is tl `fsur` `fsur` tact acfg supplrt is cvcibcmb` hlr ta` `ftir` `ftir` ruf lh ta` stcir. stcir.
Hlr stcirs b`cgifdta` tl ducrgrcib pbcthlrnsisupb`ss tl tacf 3 555855 nnnn if a`idat c ducrgrcibhrln ncyta` r`pbcj` ta`lhmcrri`r, prlvigifd ta` dcp m`f`cta wa`f n`csur`g niggb` ta` tr`cg. FLW@ =
Hlr pbcthlrns cmlv` cmlv` 3 555 nn, c jlnmifctilf lh ducrgrc ducrgrcibs ibs cfg mcrri`rs is cbblw`g.
FLW@ : C pcf`b pcf`b typ` mcrri`r wita c taijkf`ss lh b`ss tacf 85 nn is jlfsig`r`g if jlnpbicfj` jlnpbicfj` wita drcsp r`quir`n`fts.
Wa` ifjbifctilf lh stcirs sacbb m` jlfstcft. Lp`fifds sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` `ftrcpn`ft r`quir`n`fts div`f if 7.=.4.= 7.=.4.=.. Wa` tr`cgs sacbb m` spcj`g `qucbby, sacbb m` lh ufihlrn jlfstrujtilf, cfg sacbb m` alrizlftcb witaif ³ :µ.
K`y
c m
FLW@
stcir tr`cg stcir ris`r
Wa` ris`rs cr` flt r`quir`g tl m` ifibb`g. Hidur` =3 ‗ Ucrts lh c stcir
Wl prlvig` cg`quct` spcj` hlr stcfgifd, ta` nifinun prlo`jtilf lh tr`cg sacbb m` 375 nn cfg ta` nifinun g`pta lh tr`cg sacbb m` 335 nn (s`` Hidur` ==). ==). Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Hidur` == ‗ Nifinun prlo`jtilf cfg g`pta lh tr`cg
Ta`r` ta` lv`rcbb a`idat lhctta` s`t lh stcirs isflt nlr` tacf = 555 nn cmlv` drlufg b`v`b, ift`rn`gict` bcfgifds sacbb m` prlvig`g a`idat ift`rvcbs `xj``gifd = 555 nn. Ift`rn`gict` bcfgifds sacbb m` ct b`cst cs wig` cs ta` s`t lh stcirs cfg ct b`cst 3 555 nn blfd.
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.9.:
]cnps
]cnps sacbb m` ifjbif`g ct cf cfdb` lh up tl :1µ tl ta` alrizlftcb cfg sacbb m` lh c jlfstcft cfdb`. FLW@ 3
Zurhcj`s wita c dr`ct`r ifjbifctilf cr` flt flt r`dcrg`g cs rcnps mut jcf m` us`g cs c n`cfs n`cfs lh cjj`ss.
]cnps sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` r`quir`n`fts lh 7.=.7 7.=.7.. Hlr rcnps tl pbcthlrns tl 3855 n if a`idat c ducrgrcib r`pbcj` ta` mcrri`r, prlvigifd dcp m`f`ctab`cgifd ta` ducrgrcib is b`ssup tacf nn. Ih ducrgrcibs cr`ncy us`g, ta`y sacbb m` prlvig`g hrln ta` ta` m`diffifd lh ta` rcnp. ]cnps sacbb m` b`v`b witaif ³ :µ cjrlss ta`ir wigta. Wl r`guj` ta` risk lh sbippifd, rcnps `xp`jt`g tl m` us`g my cbb jaibgr`f sacbb ifjbug` n`cfs tl inprlv` ta` drip lh ta` hllt. FLW@ =
Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g my us` lh suitcmb` hllt albgs.
7.=.9.7
Zt``p pbcy `b`n`fts
Hlr st``p pbcy `b`n`fts prlvig`g lf `csiby cjj`ssimb` pcrts lh `quipn`ft ta` lp`fifd if ta` mcrri`r sacbb m` 055 nn ncxinun cfg ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh ta` pbcthlrn sacbb m` = 555 nn ncxinun. FLW@
Wais is tl a`bp ta` jcr`r r`cja up tl ta` us`r ih f`j`sscry.
Lp`fifds b`cgifd hrln c pbcthlrn wita c hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh 6 3 555 nn tl c st``p pbcy `b`n`ft sacbb acv` acfg supplrts tact jlnpby wita drcsp r`quir`n`fts. 7.=.9.0
@csiby cjj`ssimb` pbcydr pbcydrlufg lufg `quipn`ft
@quipn`ft g`sidf`g tl cbblw us`rs tl nlv` quijkby cfg hr``by lftl it is tl m` jlfsig`r`g cs `csiby cjj`ssimb`.
It is flt ta` ift`ftilf lh tais stcfgcrg tl div` c g`ifitiv` bist lh ta` typ`s lh plssimb` cjj`ss cfg cssljict`g r`quir`n`fts, mut tl prlvig` duigcfj` lf ta` m`st wcy tl tcjkb` ta` issu` lh `csy cjj`ss. Wa` hlbblwifd is cf `xcnpb` lh ta` ai`rcrjay lh tar`` `csy cjj`ss plssimibiti`s? c) ]cnps stcrtifd stcrt ifd hrln ta` drlufg cr` ta` `csi`st n`cfs lh cjj`ss tl ta` `quipn`ft. `quipn`ft. m) Ztcirs cr` ta` f`xt `csi`st n`cfs lh cjj`ss tl ta` `quipn`ft. `quipn`ft. j) Bcgg`rs cr` ta` b`cst `csy n`cfs n`cfs lh cjj`ss tl `quipn`ft if tais `xcnpb`. Wa`r` cr` ncfy g`sidfs waija jcf g`bcy cjj`ss tl ta` `quipn`ft, taus divifd nlr` tin` hlr jcr`rs tl ift`rv`f` cs cpprlprict`. Zuja g`sidf h`ctur`s ncy ifjbug`, mut cr` flt r`strijt`g tl, nlv`n`ft, a`idat lr gin`fsilfcb r`quir`n`fts `.d. r`cja gistcfj` lr st`p a`idat. FLW@ 3 Jcr`rs ifjbug` cgubts, cgubts, r`splfsimb` simbifds simbifds cfg lta`rs wal cr` bllkifd cht`r ta` us`r (s`` (s`` J@F/JBJ Duig` 37 hlr nlr` ifhlrnctilf lf jcr`rs). FLW@ = @xcnpb`s lh cjj`ss r`strijtilf my a`idat lr gin`fsilf gin`fsilf nidat ifjbug` mut cr` flt binit`g tl rcnps wa`r` ta` stcrt is nlr` tacf 855 nn cmlv` ta` drlufg lr bcgg`rs wa`r` ta` blw`st rufd is nlr` tacf 755 nn cmlv` ta` drlufg. Wa` idur` lh 755 nn n n is c jlnprlnis` m`tw``f ta` f``g tl binit cjj`ss cfg ta` f``g tl prlvig` c sch` n`cfs lh `xit my ta` t a` scn` rlut`. 7.=.35 Jlff`jtilfs
Jlff`jtilfs sacbb m` s`jur`g suja tact ta`y jcfflt jln` blls` lh ta`ir lwf cjjlrg ufb`ss sp`jiijcbby g`sidf`g tl gl sl. Jlff`jtilfs sacbb m` sch`ducrg`g sl tact ta`y jcfflt m` ufglf` witalut tllbs.
:4
:1
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.33 Jlfsuncmb` jlnplf`fts
]`pbcj`cmb` jlnplf`fts salubg m` prlt`jt`g cdcifst ufcutalriz`g ift`rv`ftilf cfg salubg r`quir` bittb` ncift`fcfj`. Cfy bumrijcfts b`ckifd lut salubg flt slib ta` `quipn`ft lr cgv`rs`by chh`jt its sch` us`. 7.=.3= ]lp`s 7.=.3=.3 ]lp`s ix`g ct lf` `fg
Hlr susp`fg`g rlp`s m`tw``f 3 n cfg = n if b`fdta, ta` gistcfj` m`tw``f rlp`s ix`g ct lf` `fg cfg ix`g `quipn`ft sacbb m` flt b`ss tacf 855 nn cfg ta` gistcfj` m`tw``f rlp`s ix`g ct lf` `fg cfg swifdifd `quipn`ft sacbb m` flt b`ss tacf 955 nn. ]lp`s ix`g ct lf` `fg sacbb flt m` jlnmif`g wita swifds if ta` scn` mcy (s`` @F 3348-=). Hlr susp`fg`g rlp`s lh m`tw``f = n cfg 7 n if b`fdta, ta` gistcfj` m`tw``f rlp`s ix`g ct lf` `fg cfg lta`r pcrts lh `quipn`ft sacbb m` flt b`ss tacf 3 n. Wa` rlp` gicn`t`r sacbb m` m`tw``f =0 nn cfg 70 nn. FLW@ C stihh`r rlp`, g`p`fgifd lf its gicn`t`r cfg jlfstrujt jlfstrujtilf, ilf, wibb nck` nck` it nlr` gihijubt tl jr`ct` c bllp, taus r`gujifd ta` risk lh strcfdubctilf. strcfdubct ilf. Alw`v`r Alw`v`r,, it wibb stibb st ibb cbblw dllg drip. 7.=.3=.= ]lp`s ix`g ct ct mlta `fgs `fgs (jbinmifd rlp`s)
Hlr c rlp` ix`g ct mlta `fgs, typijcbby hlr jbinmifd up cfg flt pcrt lh c bcrd`r f`t strujtur`, it sacbb flt m` plssimb` tl nck` c bllp if ta` rlp` tact is wig` `fluda tl b`t prlm` J pcss tarluda (s`` Hidur` G.3) G.3) flr prlm` @ (s`` Hidur` G.3) G.3) pcss tarluda. FLW@ 3
Wais r`quir`n`ft is ift`fg`g tl r`nlv` ta` risk lh strcfdu strcfdubctilf. bctilf.
Wa` rlp` gicn`t`r sacbb n``t ta` drip r`quir`n`fts div`f if 7.=.7.8 7.=.7.8.. FLW@ = ]lp`s wita suhiji`ft rludaf`ss cbblw cbblw hlr c dllg drip. Wais jcf m` cjai`v`g, cjai`v`g, hlr `xcnpb`, my usifd lut`r strcfgs wita c gicn`t`r lh ct b`cst 8 nn.
Ta`f c rlp` ix`g ct mlta `fgs is us`g if jlfoufjtilf wita cflta`r `b`n`ft, jcr` sacbb m` tck`f flt tl jr`ct` `ftrcpn`ft situctilfs, s`` 7.=.4.= 7.=.4.=.. 7.=.3=.: Tir` rlp`s
Tir` rlp`s sacbb m` ufstr`ss`g cfg sacbb m` ncg` hrln dcbvcfiz`g lr jlrrlsilf-r`sistcft wir`. H`rrub`s sacbb jlfhlrn tl @F 3:733-: cfg ta` rlp` `fg sacbb jlifjig` wita ta` `gd` lh ta` drip. Tir` rlp` drips sacbb m` utibiz`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3:733-0. Ih cjj`ssimb` cfg ta` tar`cg `fgs prltrug` nlr` tacf 1 nn, ta`y sacbb lfby m` us`g lutsig` ta` nifinun spcj` lr sacbb m` jlv`r`g my suitcmb` n`cfs. Wa` `fgs lh ta` turfmujkb`s sacbb m` jbls`g (s`` Hidur` =:) =:) cfg sacbb m` ncg` hrln jlrrlsilf-r`sistcft nct`ricb. It sacbb flt m` plssimb` tl ufgl turfmujkb`s witalut c tllb.
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
K`y
3 = :
h`rrub` turfmujkb` wir` rlp` drips Hidur` =: ‗ @xcnpb` lh h`rrub`s, turfmujkb`s cfg wir` rlp` drips
7.=.3=.7 Za`cta`g wir` rlp`s
Ta`f sa`cta`g wir` rlp`s cr` us`g hlr jbinmifd rlp`s, jbinmifd f`ts, acfdifd rlp`s cfg ta` bik`, `cja strcfg sacbb m` sa`cta`g wita ycrf ycr f ncg` hrln syfta`tij lr fcturcb imr`s. imr`s. Wa` sa`cta sa`cta sacbb flt jlftcif nlflibcn`ft. FLW@ Wa` wir`s ifsig` ta` strcfgs nck` it nlr` gihijubt hlr hlr ta` rlp`s tl m` ift`ftilfcbby gcncd`g cfg taus r`guj` cfy aczcrgs. 7.=.3=.0 Himr` rlp`s (t`xtib` typ`)
Himr` rlp`s sacbb `ita`r? c) jlfhlrn tl @F IZL 9007 lr 9007 lr @F IZL =:54; lr =:54; lr
m) ta` ncfuhcjtur`r sacbb sacbb suppby suppby c wlrk wlrk j`rtiijct` stctifd ta` nct`ricb us`g cfg ta` sch` sch` wlrkifd wlrkifd blcg. blcg. If ta` jcs` lh jbinmifd rlp`s, jbinmifd f`ts, acfdifd rlp`s cfg ta` bik`, ta` strcfgs sacbb acv` c slht cfg flf-sbip jlv`rifd, `.d. a`np lr `quivcb`ft nct`ricb.
Nlflibcn`ft pbcstij rlp`s lr rlp`s ncg` hrln sinibcr nct`ricbs sacbb flt m` us`g. 7.=.3: Jacifs
Jacifs hlr pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` gin`fsilfcb r`quir`n`fts if @F 131=?3998+C3?=551, Wcmb` = lr @F 131-:?3999+C3?=551, Wcmb` = cs c nifinun cfg, wa`f t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita G.0 G.0,, sacbb jlfhlrn tl lf` lh ta` hlbblwifd r`quir`n`fts? c) ta` 1,8 nn rlg (s`` Hidur` G.3:) G.3:) sacbb flt pcss tarluda ta` nifinun jrlss-s`jtilf lh ta` jacif lp`fifd, FLW@ Ta`f "1-nn-sa "1-nn-salrt-bifk lrt-bifk-jacifs" -jacifs" w`cr, ta` lp`fifds jcf ifjr`cs`. Ih ta` lp`fifd lf c wlrf jacif is dr`ct`r tacf 1,8 nn, c risk r isk css`ssn`ft css`ssn`ft jcf m` jcrri`g jcr ri`g lut tl jlfirn wa`ta`r wa`t a`r r`pbcj`n`ft r`pbcj`n`ft is f`j`sscry.
:9
75
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
lr wa`r` c jlff`jtilf is ncg`
m) ih ta` 1,8 nn ifd`r rlg pcss`s tarluda ta` lp`fifd, ta` 3= nn rlg (s`` Hidur` G.3:) G.3:) sacbb cbsl pcss tarluda ta` lp`fifd. 7.=.37 Hlufgctilfs
Wa` hlufgctilfs sacbb m` g`sidf`g suja tact ta`y gl flt pr`s`ft c aczcrg (trippifd, inpcjt). If blls` ibb surhcjifd (`.d. scfg), hlufgctilfs sacbb m` ifstcbb`g lr bcig if cjjlrgcfj` wita lf` lh ta` hlbblwifd? c) sl tact p`g`stc p`g`stcbs, bs, hlltifds cfg i ixifd xifd `b`n`fts lf ta` `quipn`ft cr` ct b`cst 755 nn m`blw ta` pbcyifd surhcj` lr; FLW@ 3
Ulst sal`s cr` flt jlfsig`r`g hlufgctilfs.
m) ih ta` tlps lh ta` hlufgctilfs hlufgctilfs cr` cs salwf salwf if Hidur` =7 ct =7 ct b`cst =55 nn m`blw ta` surhcjifd; lr j) sl tact ta`y cr` jlv`r`g my it`ns lh `quipn`ft `quipn`ft lr `quipn`ft pcrt pcrtss (`.d. (`.d. j`ftrcb hlufgctilf lh c rlufgcmlut). Cfy pcrts tact prltrug` hrln ta` hlufgctilfs suja cs ta` `fgs lh sjr`ws sacbb m` ct b`cst 755 nn m`blw ta` pbcyifd surhcj` ufb`ss ta`y t a`y cr` `hh`jtiv`by jlv`r`g cfg ifisa`g cs g`sjrim`g if 7.=.0 7.=.0.. Cggitilfcb n`csur`s salubg m` tck`f hlr `quipn`ft if waija ta` stcmibity g`p`fgs lf lfby lf` jrlsss`jtilf. Hlufgctilfs lh lf` plst `quipn`ft sacbb m` cjj`ssimb` hlr p`rilgij ifsp`jtilf. Wa` jalij` cfg ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd salubg m` jcr`hubby pbcff`g if lrg`r tl cbblw hlr ifsp`jtilfs cfg ih cjj`ss tl ta` hlufgctilfs is r`quir`g. Hlr `xcnpb`, hlr syfta`tij surhcjifd, tais ncy r`quir` ta` surhcjifd tl m` jut-mcjk cfg r`-bcig. FLW@ = Ta`f jlnplf`fts jlnplf`fts cr` `nm`gg`g `nm`gg`g if jlfjr`t` ta`r` is c risk lh jlrrlsilf lr rlttifd. Wa` aida rct` lh jlrrlsilf lr rlttifd ufg`r gyfcnij blcgifd `fgcfd`rs ta` stcmibity lh ta` cfjalrcd` lh ufits if waija ta` stcmibity g`p`fgs lf lfby lf` jrlss-s`jtilf, lr if waija ta` stcmibity is prlvig`g my twl-b`dd`g n`nm`rs lr rlws lh n`nm`rs. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
3 =
plst pbcyifd surhcj`
: 7 0
hlufgctilf mcsij b`v`b ncrk tlp lh hlufgctilf
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
FLW@ Wa` mcsij b`v`b ncrk div`f my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r lf ta` `quipn` `quipn`ft ft salws ta` b`v`b lh ta` pbcyifd surhcj`. It is cgvis`g tl nciftcif ncift cif tais mcsij b`v`b. Hidur` =7 ‗ @xcnpb` lh hlufgctilfs
7.=.30 A`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cns
]idig susp`fg`g m`cns cr` g``n`g a`cvy wa`f ta`y acv` c ncss lh =0 kd lr nlr`. Wa`r` sacbb m` c drlufg jb`crcfj` lh ct b`cst 755 nn ufg`rf`cta a`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cns, (s`` Hidur` =0). =0). Wa` drlufg jb`crcfj` is n`csur`g cs ta` gistcfj` m`tw``f ta` blw`st plift lh ta` blw`r `gd` lh ta` a`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cn cfg ta` surhcj` m`blw.
Wa` a`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cn sacbb m` sl jlfstrujt`g tact cbb jacfd`s if ta` prlib` lh ta` m`cn sacbb acv` c rcgius lh ct b`cst 05 nn. Wa` rcfd` lh nlv`n`ft (c if Hidur` =0) =0) sacbb flt `xj``g :55 nn cfg sacbb flt dl m`ylfg ta` supplrt supp lrt plsts. plsts . Wa` gistcfj` m`tw``f ta` supplrt plsts cfg ta` a`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cn ( m) sacbb flt m` b`ss tacf =:5 nn tarludalut its hubb rcfd` lh nlv`n`ft.
73
7=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
rcfd` lh nlv`n`ft m hr`` spcj` tlwcrgs stcfgifd jlfstrujtilf, ≠ =:5 nn a drlufg jb`crcfj` 3 ncxinun g`b`jtilf c
Hidur` =0 ‗ @xcnpb` lh c a`cvy susp`fg`g ridig m`cn
7.=.38 Mlufjifd hcjibiti`s 7.=.38.3 D`f`rcb
C mlufjifd hcjibity hcjibit y wita c susp`fsilf m`g sncbb`r tacf 3,77 n= is jlfsig`r`g cs c sncbb mlufjifd hcjibity. hcjibit y. FLW@
Mlufjifd hcjibiti`s wita c susp`fsilf m`g ≠ 3,77 n= cr` jlfsig`r`g cs bcrd` mlufjifd hcjibiti`s.
Wa` `xt`ft lh ta` hcbbifd spcj` lh c susp`fsilf m`g lh c sncbb mlufjifd hcjibity sacbb m` 3 055 nn. Wa` `xt`ft lh ta` hcbbifd spcj` lh c susp`fsilf m`g lh c bcrd` mlufjifd hcjibity sacbb m` = 555 nn. Ta`f c susp`fsilf m`g div`s c us`r c pr`g`t`rnif`g ounpifd gir`jtilf tl lutsig` lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g, ta` `xt`ft lh ta` inpcjt cr`c tl tact gir`jtilf sacbb m` ct b`cst : 555 nn. Pfprlt`jt`g `gd`s witaif ta` hcbbifd spcj` tact ta` us`r jcf ait sacbb m` rlufg`g wita ct b`cst =5 nn rcgius. Wa` ncxinun cbblw`g a`idat lh cfy plift lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g is 855 nn n`csur`g hrln ta` surrlufgifd drlufg lr pbcthlrn lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft 3 055 nn cwcy hrln tact sp`jiij plift (s`` Hidur` =8). =8).
7:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) pcss
m) hcib Hidur` =8 ‗ Cjj`ptcmb` cfg flt cjj`ptcmb` slbutilfs gu` tl a`idat lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g
If jcs` lh hcibur` lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g lr its supplrts (sprifd, rumm`r mcfg `tj.) ta` us`r sacbb flt hcbb nlr` tacf 855 nn ufb`ss ta` t a` inpcjt cr`c m`blw acs cf cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf ctt `fuctilf `quivcb`ft tl ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g. Wa`r` sacbb m` fl gcfd`rlus lmstcjb`s ufg`r lr crlufg ta` susp`fsilf m`g, lftl waija c us`r jlubg hcbb lr lta`rwis` m` ifour`g. Hlr c mlufjifd hcjibity ta` `xt`ft lh ta` hr`` spcj` sacbb m` 3 055 nn n`csur`g alrizlftcbby hrln cfy plift ct ta` p`rin`t`r cfg : 055 nn cmlv` ta` susp`fsilf m`g. Gurifd c paysijcb w`idat t`st cjjlrgifd tl 7.=.=, ta` nifinun drlufg jb`crcfj` sacbb m` ≠ 355 nn. FLW@ 3
Wais is tl pr`v`ft ufift`fg`g jlftcjt wita ta` drlufg waib` ounpifd.
Gurifd c gyfcnij paysijcb t`st cjjlrgifd tl G.8 G.8 ta` ta` r`mlufg `hh`jt lh ta` mlufjifd hcjibity sacbb flt m` nlr` tacf 455 nn cmlv` ta` susp`fsilf m`g. FLW@ = Wais is tl pr`v`ft pr`v`ft ta` us`r mlufjifd mlufjifd tll aida cfg r`cjaifd c hcbbifd a`idat dr`ct`r tacf ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf ctt `fuctilf lh ta` cgocj`ft surhcj`.
Jlfsig`rctilf sacbb m` div`f tl ta` g`sidf lh ta` `quipn`ft cfg tl ta` bcylut lh ta` surrlufgifd cr`c if lrg`r tl cvlig ounpifd hrln surrlufgifd ifstcbbctilfs (lta`r tacf ta` `fjblsur`) lftl ta` susp`fsilf m`g. Zusp`fsilf m`gs ncg` lut lh t`xtib` sacbb nciftcif 15 % lh ta`ir ifiticb t`fsib` str`fdta cjjlrgifd tl @F IZL 3:9:7-3 cht`r `xplsur` tl bidat cfg PX, cjjlrgifd tl @F IZL 719=-:, hlr c nifinun p`rilg lh 755 a.
Bcrd` mlufjifd hcjibiti`s sacbb acv` c suhiji`ft drlufg jb`crcfj` ufg`r ta` susp`fsilf m`g. Gurifd ta` paysijcb t`st cjjlrgifd tl 7.=.= 7.=.=,, ta` jb`crcfj` m`blw ta` susp`fsilf m`g sacbb r`ncif dr`ct`r tacf =:5 nn. Ih tais jcfflt m` cjai`v`g, cjj`ss ufg`r ta` susp`fsilf m`g sacbb m` pr`v`ft`g if c wcy tact ta` t`st prlm` @ jcfflt pcss cfy lp`fifd b`cgifd ufg`r ta` susp`fsilf m`g. FLW@ :
Wais is tl prlt`jt flfflf-us`rs us`rs hrln d`ttifd squ``z`g m`tw``f ta` drlufg cfg ta` susp`fsilf susp`fsilf m`g.
Lp`fifds if ta` susp`fsilf m`g sacbb flt m` dr`ct`r tacf :5 nn n`csur`g if ta` sncbb`st gir`jtilf. Pfg`r c stctij w`idat lh 89,0 kd cppbi`g tl ta` t a` niggb` lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g, cfy c fy lp`fifd sacbb flt cbblw cb blw pcsscd` lh ta` t`st prlm` @. Cjj`ss tl ta` spcj` ufg`r ta` susp`fsilf m`g sacbb m` prlvig`g hlr jb`cfifd.
77
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
7.=.38.= @fjblsur`s lh mlufjifd hcjibiti`s
Ta`r` `fjblsur`s cr` prlvig`g, c risk css`ssn`ft sacbb m` ncg` m`hlr` cbblwifd cf `fjblsur` hlr mlufjifd hcjibiti`s if ufsup`rvis`g s`ttifds. Cf `fjblsur`, wa`r` jbinmifd is flt `fjlurcd`g cfg wita c nifinun a`idat lh 3 155 nn, ncy m` iftrlguj`g tl r`guj` ta` hcbbifd spcj` lr tl pr`v`ft us`rs hrln hcbbifd hrln ta` susp`fsilf m`g. Z`jtilfs lh ta` `fjblsur` cmlv` ta` a`idat lh = 755 nn sacbb m` ufjbinmcmb`. Wa` `fjblsur` sacbb witastcfg c alrizlftcb hlrj` lh (155 ³ 05) F cppbi`g tl ta` j`ftr` lh `cja `fjblsur` s`jtilf.
F`t ycrfs sacbb acv` c nifinun gicn`t`r lh = nn tl r`guj` ta` risk lh juttifd ifd`rs lh us`rs. 0 X`riijct `riijctilf ilf lh jlnpbicfj` cfg r`plrts 0.3 D`f`rcb
Pfb`ss lta`rwis` sp`jii`g ta` r`quir`n`fts lh Jbcus` 7 sacbb m` v`rii`g my n`csur`n`ft, visucb `xcnifctilf lr prcjtijcb prcjtijcb t`sts. t `sts. M`hlr` t`stifd, ta` `quipn`ft sacbb m` css`nmb`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita ta` ncfuhcjtur`r's ifstrujtilfs iftl c jlfgitilf sinibcr tl its plsitilf lh us`. W`st r`plrts sacbb ifjbug` ta` hlbblwifd? c) funm`r cfg gct` lh tai taiss @urlp`c @urlp`cf f Ztc Ztcfgcr fgcrg, g, i.`. @F 33 334848-3?=53 3?=534; 4; m) g`tci g`tcibs bs lh ta` `quipn`ft t`st`g; j) g`tci g`tcibs bs lh ta` jlfgitilf lh ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft ifjbugifd cfy g`h`jts lms`rv`g m`hlr` m`hlr` ta` t`st; g) g`tci g`tcibs bs lh cfy jacfd` if ta` jlfgitilf lh ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft lms`rv`g cht`r ta` t`st t`sts; s; `) t`st r`subt. 0.= Jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf cht`r cht`r ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Cs ta`r` cr` sidfiijcft r`dilfcb vcrictilfs if ta` prlvisilf cfg ncfcd`n`ft lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd, it is r`jlnn`fg`g tact r`quir`n`fts div`f ct c fctilfcb b`v`b. Ih fl sacbb m` us`g cs itcr` div`s r`quir`n`fts tl jlfirn ta`r`quir`n`fts cg`quct` b`v`bcr` lh div`f ct fctilfcb b`v`b, Cff`x A inpcjt ctt`fuctilf ctt`fuctilf cht`r ch t`r ifstcbbctilf ifstcb bctilf lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd. FLW@
Wais is tl `fsur` tact ih Cff`x A is A is flt hlbblw`g, fctilfcb r`quir`n`fts cr` div`f.
8 Ifhlrnctil Ifhlrnctilf f tl m` prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r/s ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r uppbi`r 8.3 8.3.3
Ifhlrnctilf tl m` prlvig`g prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r lh pbcydr pbcydrlufg lufg `quipn`ft `quipn`ft D`f`rcb prlgujt ifhlrnctilf
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb prlvig` ifstrujtilfs if ta` cpprlprict` bcfducd`(s) lh ta` jluftry if waija ta` `quipn`ft is tl m` ifstcbb`g cfg us`g. Wa` ifstrujtilfs sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` hlbblwifd? c) ifstrujt ifst rujtilfs ilfs sacbb m` prift`g b`dimby cfg if c sinpb` hlrn; m) ibbust ibbustrctilfs rctilfs sacbb m` us`g wa`r`v`r plssimb`; cfg
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
j) ifst ifstrujt rujtilfs ilfs sacbb ifjbug` ct b`cst ta` hlbblwifd ifhlrnct ifhlrnctilf? ilf? 3) g`tcib g`tcibss lh ta` ifst ifstcbbct cbbctilf, ilf, lp`rctilf, ifsp`j ifsp`jtilf tilf cfg ncift`fcfj` lh ta` `quipn`ft; =) jbcus` lr lr flt` grcwifd ta` lp`rctlr's lp`rctlr's ctt`ft ctt`ftilf ilf tl ta` f``g tl ifjr`cs` ifsp`jtilf/ ifsp`jt ilf/ ncift`fcfj` ih ta` `quipn`ft is sumo`jt tl a`cvy a`cv y us` cfg/lr cfg/lr ta` stcmibity st cmibity lh ta` t a` `quipn`ft r`bi`s lf lf` plst;
:) cgvij` tl tck` jcr`, if r`bctilf tl sp`ji sp`jiij ij aczc aczcrgs rgs tl jaibgr`f, gu` tl ifjlnpb`t` ifjlnpb`t` ifstcbbctilf ifstcb bctilf lr gisncftbifd, lr gurifd ncift`fcfj`. Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r salubg suppby jlpi`s lh t`st r`plrts tl purjacs`rs uplf r`qu`st. 8.3.=
Ur`-ifhlrnctilf
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb prlvig` ifhlrnctilf jlfj`rfifd ta` sch`ty lh ta` ifstcbbctilf prilr tl ta` cjj`ptcfj` lh ta` lrg`r, `.d. c jctcbldu` gctc sa``t. Wais ifhlrnctilf sacbb ifjbug` ct b`cst ta` hlbblwifd, wa`r` r`b`vcft? c) nifinun spcj`; m) surhcj surhcjifd ifd r`quir`n`fts (ifjbugifd (ifjbugifd hr`` a`idat lh hcb hcbbb cfg `xt`ft lh surhcj surhcjifd); ifd);
j) g`tcibs g`tcib s lh ta` hlufgctilfs hlufgctilfs cfg cfy sp`ji sp`jiij ij prlvisilfs hlr hlr ta`ir cjj`ssimibity gurifd ifsp`j ifsp`jtilf tilf cfg ncift`fcfj`; g) lv`rcbb gin`fsilfs lh ta` bcrd`st pcrt(s); pcrt(s); `) ncss lh ta` a`cvi`st pcrt/s`jt pcrt/s`jtilf ilf if kibldr kibldrcns; cns; h ) duigcfj` r`dcrgi r`dcrgifd fd ta` tcr tcrd`t d`t us`r drlup hlr ta` `quipn`ft; d) ih ta` `quipn`ft is ift`fg`g lfby hlr ifgllr us` lr ufg`r sup`rvis` sup`rvis`g g jlfgitilfs; jlfgitilfs; a) cvcibcmibit cvcibcmibityy lh spcr` pcrt pcrts; s; cfg
i)
j`rtiijctilf lh jlfhl jlfhlrnity rnity wita tais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg.
8.3.:
Ifstcbbctilf ifhlrnctilf
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb suppby cf `quipn`ft g`biv`ry pcrts bist wita ta` `quipn`ft. Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb suppby ifstcbbctilf ifstrujtilfs hlr ta` jlrr`jt css`nmby, `r`jtilf cfg pbcjifd lh ta` `quipn`ft. Wais ifhlrnctilf sacbb ifjbug` ct b`cst ta` hlbblwifd? c) nifinun spcj` r`quir`n`fts cfg sch`t sch`tyy jb`crcfj`s;
m) `quipn`ft cfg pcrt pcrtss ig`ftiijct ig`ftiijctilf; ilf; j) `r`jt `r`jtilf ilf s`qu`fj` (css`nmby ifst ifstrujt rujtilf ilf cfg ifst ifstcbbct cbbctilf ilf g`tcib g`tcibs) s);; g) nctjaifd cigs wa`r` f`j`sscr f`j`sscryy, `.d. sidfs lf pcrt pcrtss cjjlnpcfi`g my cpprlprict` ifst ifstrujt rujtilfs; ilfs; `) f``g hlr cfy sp`jicb tllbs, bihtifd bihti fd g`vij`s, t`npbct`s lr lta`r css`nmby cigs tl m` us`g cfg cfy pr`jcutilfcry n`csur`s tl m` tck`f. Ta`r` f`j`sscry, tlrqu` vcbu`s salubg m` div`f; h ) jlfstrujtilfcb spcj` r`quir`g tl ifstcbb ta` it`n lh `quip `quipn`ft; n`ft; d) lri`ftctilf, wa`r` wa`r` f`j`sscr f`j`sscryy, if r`bctilf tl suf cfg wifg;
70
78
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
a) g`tcibs g`tci bs lh ta` r`quir`g hlufgctilf, ufg`r ufg`r flrncb flrncb jlfgitilfs, cfjalrcd` if ta` drlufg cfg ta` g`sidf cfg bljctilf lh ta` hlufgctilf (wita c flt` tact jcr` salubg m` tck`f jlfj`rfifd cmflrncb jlfgitilfs);
i)
g`tci bs lh ta` hlufgctilfs g`tcibs hlufgctilfs cfg cfy sp`ji sp`jiij ij prlvisilfs hlr hlr ta`ir cjj`ssimibit cjj`ssimibityy gurifd ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj`;
o)
sp`jiij ifstrujtilfs ih c pcrtijubcr bcfgsjcp` prlib` prlib` is f`j`sscry f`j`sscry hlr sch` lp`rctilf, lp`rctilf, `.d. hcbbifd a`ida a`idat; t; k) hr`` a`idat lh hcbb (hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctilf surhcj surhcjifd ifd f``gs) f``gs);; b)
f``g hlr cfg g`tcib g`tcibss lh ta` cppbijctilf lh cfy pcifti pciftifd fd lr tr`ct tr`ctn`ft? n`ft? cfg
n) r`nlvcb lh css`nmby cigs m`hlr` m`hlr` ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft is us`g. Grcwifds cfg gicdrcns sacbb jb`crby sp`jihy ta` prifjipcb gin`fsilfs lh ta` `quipn`ft cfg ta` r`b`vcft spcj`, a`idats cfg cr`cs r`quir`g hlr ifstcbbctilf. Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb suppby ta` g`tcibs f`j`sscry hlr ifsp`jtilf lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft prilr tl its irst us`. 8.3.7
FLW@
Ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj` ifhlrnctilf
Ctt`ftilf Ctt `ftilf is grcw grcwf f tl @F 334 3348‚4 8‚4..
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb prlvig` ifstrujtilfs hlr ncift`fcfj` (ncrk`g wita ta` funm`r lh tais stcfgcrg), waija sacbb ifjbug` c stct`n`ft tact ta` hr`qu`fjy lh ifsp`jtilf wibb vcry wita ta` typ` lh `quipn`ft, `.d. `quipn`ft wa`r` ta` stcmibity r`bi`s lf lf` plst, lr nct`ricbs us`g cfg lta`r hcjtlrs, `.d. a`cvy us`, b`v`bs lh vcfgcbisn, jlcstcb bljctilf, cir plbbutilf, cd` lh `quipn`ft. 8.3.7.3
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb cbsl prlvig` grcwifds cfg gicdrcns f`j`sscry hlr ncift`fcfj`, ifsp`jtilf cfg ja`jkifd lh jlrr`jt lp`rctilf cfg, wa`f cpprlprict`, r`pcir lh ta` `quipn`ft. Wa` ifstrujtilfs sacbb sp`jihy ta` hr`qu`fjy wita waija ta` `quipn`ft lr its jlnplf`fts salubg m` ifsp`jt`g lr nciftcif`g cfg sacbb ifjbug` duigcfj` lf ta` hlbblwifd, wa`r` r`b`vcft? r`b`vcft? 8.3.7.=
c) rlutif` visuc visucbb ifsp`j ifsp`jtilf tilf (s`` :.=8 :.=8); ); FLW@ 3
Hlr pbcydrlufgs sumo`jt sumo`jt tl a`cvy us` lr lr vcfgcbisn, gciby ifsp`jtilf lh tais typ` nidat
m` f`j`sscry. FLW@ = @xcnpb`s lh visucb cfg lp`rctilfcb ifsp`jtilf plifts cr`? jb`cfbif`ss, `quipn`ft `quipn`ft drlufg jb`crcfj`s, drlufg surhcj` ifisa`s, `xpls`g hlufgctilfs, sacrp `gd`s, nissifd pcrts, `xj`ssiv` w`cr (lh nlvifd pcrts) cfg strujturcb ift`drity.
m) lp`rctilfcb ifsp`j ifsp`jtilf tilf (s`` :.=4 :.=4); ); Wais salubg m` glf` `v`ry 3 tl : nlftas, lr cs ifgijct`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r's ifstrujtilf. Zp`jicb ctt`ftilf salubg m` div`f tl 's`cb`g-hlr-bih`' pcrts cfg `quipn`ft wa`r` stcmibity r`bi`s lf lf` plst. j) cffucb ncif ifsp`j ifsp`jtilf tilf (s`` :.=1 :.=1). ). Zp`jicb ctt`ftilf salubg m` div`f tl 's`cb`g-hlr-bih`' pcrts cfg `quipn`ft wa`r` stcmibity r`bi`s lf lf` plst. FLW@ :
Wa` cffucb ncif ifsp`jtilf ncy r`quir` `xjcvctilf lr gisncftbifd lh j`rtcif pcrts.
8.3.7.:
Wa` ifstrujtilfs sacbb cbsl sp`jihy ta` hlbblwifd?
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
c) ih f`j`sscr f`j`sscry, y, ta` s`rvijifd plifts plifts cfg n`talgs lh lh s`rvij s`rvijifd, ifd, `.d. bumrijctilf, tidat`fifd lh mlbts, r`t`fsilfifd lh rlp`s;
m) tact r`pbcj`n`ft pcrt pcrtss sacbb jlfhlrn tl ncfuhcj ncfuhcjtur`r's tur`r's sp`ji sp`jiijctilfs; ijctilfs; j) ih sp`jicb gisplscb tr`ctn`ft is r`quir`g hlr sln` `quipn`ft lr pcrt pcrts; s;
g) ig`ftiijct ig`ftiijctilf ilf lh spcr` pcrt pcrts; s; `) cfy cggitilfcb cggitilfcb n`csur`s tl m` tck`f gurifd ta` ruf-if p`rilg, `.d. tidat`fifd lh hcst hcst`fifds, `fifds, t`fsilfifd lh rlp`s; h ) ta` f``g tl k``p grcifc grcifcd` d` alb`s jb`cr?
d) tact surhcjifd sacbb sacbb m` nciftcif`g? nciftcif`g? if pcrtijubcr, ta` b`v`bs b`v`bs lh lh blls` blls` ibb nct`ricbs. nct`ricbs. a) tact D]U (dbcss-r`ifhlrj`g pbcstijs) salubg m` r`pbcj`g lr r`pcir`g m`hlr` ta` dbcss imr`s m`jln` `xpls`g tarluda w`cr lr gcncd`. Wais pcrtijubcrby cppbi`s tl sbig`s. 8.= Ifhlrnctilf tl m` prlvig`g prlvig`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r lr suppbi`r suppbi`r lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd 8.=.3
Ur`-ifhlrnctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb prlvig` ta` hlbblwifd ifhlrnctilf jlfj`rfifd ta` p`rhlrncfj` lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd prilr tl ta` cjj`ptcfj` lh ta` lrg`r (gl`s flt cppby tl turh/tlpslib)? c) wa`r` pcrt pcrtijubct` ijubct` nct`ricb nct`ricbss tact cr` ifjbug`g if Wcmb` 7 cr` sp`jii`g, jb`cr ifhlrnctilf cmlut ta` typ` lh nct`ricb (s`` Wcmb` 7) 7) cfg ta` g`pta lh ta` bcy`r tl m` us`g sacbb m` prlvig`g, lr, ih flt ifjbug`g if Wcmb` 7, 7, ta` jritijcb hcbb a`idat lh ta` surhcjifd cs t`st`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344, 3344, tld`ta`r wita jlpi`s lh t`st r`plrts lr j`rtiijct`s; m) lutbif` lh ta` ifstcbbctilf prlj`gur`, jbinctij binitctilfs lf ifstcbbctilf cfg lta`r pr`jcutilfs r`quir`g; j) prlj`gur`s tl m` hlbblw`g hlr ta` lp`rctilf, lp`rctilf, ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj` lh ta` surhcjifd; g) hcjtlrs tact jlubg chh` chh`jt jt ta` prlp`rti`s lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuct ctt`fuctifd ifd surhcj surhcjifd ifd if s`rvij`; `) p`rilg hlr hlr waija ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf is `xp`jt `xp`jt`g `g wita cg`quct` ncift`fcfj`; h ) alw ta` nct`ricb cbblws hlr hlr rlutif` ifsp`jtilf lh `quipn`ft hlufgctilfs, pcrtijubcrby pcrtijubc rby wa`r` lf`plst `quipn`ft is tl m` surrlufg`g my w`t plur/plur`g-if pbcj` nct`ricb; d) wa`ta`r ta` nct`ricb is ift`fg`g hlr ifgllr ifgllr lr lutgllr us`, lr mlta; a) cvcibcmibit cvcibcmibityy lh lh spcr` pcrt pcrtss (ih (ih cfy) cfy) cfg n`talgs tl m` us`g hlr ta` r`pcir lh bljcbi bljcbiz`g z`g cr`cs lh lh gcncd`; i)
jlnpbicfj` lh inpcjt ctt`fucti ctt`fuctifd fd surhcj surhcjifd ifd nct`ricb nct`ricbss wita 7.3 7.3 (fcn`by (fcn`by 7.3.8 7.3.8), ), ih cppbijcmb`;
o)
c flt` grcwifd ta` lp`rctlr's lp`rctlr's ctt`ftilf tl ta` f``g f``g tl ifjr`cs` ta` hr`qu`fjy lh ifsp`jtilf/ncift`fcfj` ih ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd is sumo`jt tl a`cvy us` cfg/lr cfy jlfgitilfs tact jlubg r`guj` ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctilf (`.d. g`drcgctilf lh lrdcfij nct`ricbs lr vcfgcbisn cs w`bb cs ifbu`fj` lh cd`ifd gu` tl PX `xplsur`);
k) c wcrfifd tl tck` jcr`, if r`bctilf tl sp`jiij aczcrgs tl jaibgr`f, jaibgr`f, gurifd ifjln ifjlnpb`t` pb`t` ifstcbbctilf lr gurifd ncift`fcfj`.
74
71
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
8.=.=
Ifstcbbctilf ifhlrnctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r lh pbcydrlufg surhcjifd sacbb prlvig` hubb cfg g`tcib`g ifstcbbctilf ifstrujtilfs if ta` cpprlprict` bcfducd`(s) lh ta` jluftry if waija ta` surhcjifd is tl m` ifstcbb`g cfg us`g. Wa`s` ifstrujtilfs ifstrujt ilfs sacbb jlfhlrn tl ta` hlbblwifd? c) ifst ifstrujt rujtilfs ilfs sacbb m` prift`g b`dimby cfg if c sinpb` hlrn; m) ibbust ibbustrctilfs rctilfs sacbb m` us`g wa`r`v`r plssimb`; cfg j) ifst ifstrujt rujtilfs ilfs sacbb ifjbug` ct b`cst ta` hlbblwifd ifhlrnctilf? 3) jlnpb`t` prlj`gur` hlr hlr ta` pr`pcrctilf pr`pcrctilf lh ta` drlufg, sumstrct sumstrct`, `, grcifcd`, `tj.; =) css`nmby cfg ifstcbbctilf ifstcbb ctilf g`tci g`tcibs bs hlr ta` surhcjifd cfg `quipn`ft r`quir`g tl `fsur` tact ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf is prlvig`g; :) alw tl g`cb g`cb wita `gd`s, p`rin`t`rs cfg oufjtilfs wita lta`r nct`ricb nct`ricbs, s, ih f`j`sscr f`j`sscry; y; 7) cfy w`cta`r binit binitctilfs ctilfs gurifd gurifd ta` ifst ifstcbbct cbbctilf ilf cfg cfy sums`qu`ft w`cta`r prlt`jt prlt`jtilf ilf r`quir`g;
0) sp`jiij ifstrujtilfs ih c pcrtijubcr bcfgsjcp` prlib` is f`j`sscry hlr hlr sch` ifstcbbctilf cfg p`rhlrncfj`; 8) jlfgitilfs tl n``t inpcjt ctt`fuctilf surhcjifd surhcji fd f``gs f``gs cjjlrgifd tl ta` hr`` a`idat lh hcbb lh ta` `quipn`ft. Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r sacbb suppby ta` g`tcibs f`j`sscry hlr ifsp`jtilf lh ta` pbcydrlufg inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd prilr tl its irst us`. 8.=.:
FLW@
Ifsp`jtilf cfg ncift`fcfj` ifhlrnctilf hlr inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Ctt`ftilf Ctt `ftilf is grcw grcwf f tl @F 334 3348‚4 8‚4..
Wa` ncfuhcjtur`r/suppbi`r lh pbcydrlufg surhcjifd sacbb prlvig` ifstrujtilfs hlr ncift`fcfj` cfg ifsp`jtilf prlj`gur`s, `.d. r`nlvcb lh jlftcnifcfts, wita c stct`n`ft tact ta` hr`qu`fjy lh ifsp`jtilf wibb vcry wita ta` typ` lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd nct`ricb us`g cfg its surrlufgifds, `.d. cjj`ss/`xit cr`cs, cfg lta`r hcjtlrs, `.d. a`cvy us`, b`v`bs lh vcfgcbisn, jlcstcb bljctilf, cir plbbutilf, cd`ifd lh nct`ricb. 8.=.:.3
FLW@
Bcjk lh ncift`fcfj` jcf r`guj` ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctilf prlp`rti`s.
Ncift`fcfj` ifstrujtilfs sacbb prlvig` cbb ifhlrnctilf f`j`sscry hlr r`tcififd ta` r`quir`g p`rhlrncfj` (`.d. nifinun g`pta lh pcrtijubct` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd) cfg, wa`f cpprlprict`, r`pcir lr r`ibb lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd. Hlr cbb typ`s lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd pcrtijubcr ctt`ftilf sacbb m` div`f tl ta` `hh`jts lh cd`ifd (`xplsur` tl PX, PX, a`ct, jlbg), plbbutilf, jcusifd g`drcgctilf lr ta` blss lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s. 8.=.:.=
Wa` ifstrujtilfs sacbb cbsl sp`jihy ta` hlbblwifd?
c) tact r`pbcj`n`ft pcrt pcrtss sacbb jlfhlrn tl ncfuhcj ncfuhcjtur`r's tur`r's sp`ji sp`jiijctilfs; ijctilfs; m) ih sp`jicb gisplscb tr`ctn`ft is r`quir`g hlr ta` nct`ricb lr pcrt pcrts; s;
j) ta` ig`ftiijct ig`ftiijctilf ilf lh spcr` pcrt pcrtss (jl (jlff`jtlrs, ff`jtlrs, sbcms, …) …);; g) cfy cggitilfcb cggitilfcb n`csur`s tl m` tck`f, sp`jiijcbby n`talgs lh jb`cfifd, jb`cfifd, gisifh`jtifd, r`pcirifd `tj.; `) ta` f``g tl k``p grcifcd` syst`n hufjt hufjtilfifd; ilfifd;
h ) tact surhcjifd sacbb m` nciftcif`g? if pcrtijubcr, pcrtijubcr, ta` g`pta g`pta lh blls` ibb nct`ricbs.
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
FLW@ Wa` cffucb ncif ifsp`jtilf ncy r`quir` `xjcvctilf cfg cjj`ss tl hlufgctilfs cfg sums`qu sums`qu`ft `ft r`pcir lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd. 8.=.7
Ig`ftiijctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd pbcydr pbcydrlufg lufg surhcjifd
Wa` surhcjifd surhcj ifd sacbb m` bcm`bb`g my ta` ncfuhcjtur`r ncfuhcjt ur`r lr suppbi`r suppbi`r,, lr writt`f ifhlrnctilf if hlrnctilf sacbb m` prlvig`g hlr its ig`ftiijctilf cfg p`rhlrncfj`.
4 4.3
Ncrkifd @quipn`ft ig`ftiijctilf
Wa` `quipn`ft sacbb m` ncrk`g b`dimby, p`rncf`ftby cfg if c plsitilf visimb` hrln drlufg b`v`b wita ct b`cst ta` hlbblwifd? c) fcn` cfg cggr`ss lh ncfuhcjt ncfuhcjtur`r ur`r lr cutalriz`g r`pr`s`ftctiv`; m) `quipn`ft r`h`r`fj` cfg y`cr lh ncfuhcjt ncfuhcjtur`; ur`; cfg j) ta` funm`r cfg gct` lh tai taiss @urlp`c @urlp`cf f Ztc Ztcfgcrg fgcrg,, i.`. @F 33 334848-3?=53 3?=534 4. 4.=
Mcsij b`v` b`v`bb ncrk
@quipn`ft sacbb m` ncrk`g b`dimby cfg p`rncf`ftby wita ta` mcsij b`v`b ncrk (s`` Hidur` =7). =7).
79
05
MZ @F 3348-3?=534 @F 3348-3?=534 (@)
Mimbildrcpay [3^^ [3
@F 43 (cbb pcr pcrts), ts), Zch`ty lh tlys
[=^
@F 9::9::-3, 3, W`sts hlr d`ln`trijcb prlp`rti`s lh cddr`dct`s - Ucrt 3? G`t`rnifctilf lh pcrtijb` siz`
[:^
gistrimutilf - Zi`vifd n`talg Crtiijicb icb jbinmifd jbinmifd strujtur`s strujtur` s @F 3=04= (cbb 3=04= (cbb pcrts), Crtiij
[7^
@F 3348-=, 3348-=, Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd - Ucrt =? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr swifds
[0^
@F 3348-:, 3348-:, Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd - Ucrt :? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs hlr sbig`s
[8^
@F 3348-4, 3348-4, Ubcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd - Ucrt 4? Duigcfj` lf ifstcbbctilf, ifsp`jtilf, ncift`fcfj` cfg lp`rctilf
[4^
Ubcydrlufg ufg `quipn`ft cfg surhcjifd - Ucrt 35? Cggitilfcb sp`jiij sch`ty r`quir`n`fts @F 3348-35, 3348-35, Ubcydrl cfg t`st n`talgs hlr hubby `fjbls`g pbcy `quipn`ft
[1^
]@DPBCWILF (@J) Fl 39 3954 54/=558 /=558 lh ta` @urlp`cf @urlp`cf Ucrbicn`ft cfg lh lh ta` Jlufjib lh 31 G`j`nm`r =558 `stcmbisaif jlfj`rfifd ]`distrctilf, @vcbuctilf, cfgiv` ]`strijtilf lh Ja`nijcbs ( ]@CJA), (]@CJA), `s tcmbisaifddta` c @urlp`cf Ja`nijcbs Cd`fjy,Cutalrisctilf cn`fgifd Gir`jtiv` Gir`jt 3999/7 3999 /70/@J 0/@J cfg r`p`cbifd r`p`cb ifd Jlufjib ]`dubctilf ]`du bctilf (@@J) Fl 49:/9: 49:/9: cfg Jlnnissilf ]`dubctilf ]`dubct ilf (@J) Fl 3711/97 3711/97 cs w`bb cs Jlufjib Gir`jtiv` 48/489/@@J cfg Jlnnissilf Gir`jtiv`s 93/300/@@J, 9:/84/@@J, 9:/350 9:/ 350/@J /@J cfg =555/=3 =555/=3/@J /@J
[9^
Gir`jt iv` =553 Gir`jtiv` =553/90 /90/@J /@J lh ta` @urlp`cf Ucrbicn`ft cfg lh ta` Jlufjib lh : G`j`nm`r =553 lf d`f`rcb prlgujt sch`ty
[35^
Wrcnplbif`s - Hufjtilfcb cfg sch`ty sch`t y r`quir`n`fts, t`st n`talgs @F 3:=39, 3:=39, Dynfcstij `quipn`ft - Wrcnplbif`s
[33^
@F 93:, 93:, Dynfcstij `quipn`ft - D`f`rcb sch`ty r`quir`n`fts cfg t`st n`talgs
[3=^
J@F/W] 38149?=53 38149?=538, 8, Zitifd lh Ubcydrlufg cfg lta`r r`jr`ctilfcb hcjibiti`s - Cgvij` lf n`talgs hlr plsitilfifd cfg s`pcrctilf
[3:^
3348 48 - ]`quir`n`fts J@F/W] 38091, 38091, Jlbb`jtilf lh rctilfcb`s hlr @F 33
[37^ [3 7^
J@F/JBJ Duig` 37, Jaibg Zch`ty ‗ Duigcfj` hlr its ifjbusilf if stcfgcrgs
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x C
(flrnctiv`) Blcgs
C.3
U`rncf`ft U`rncf `ft blcgs
C.3.3 D`f`rcb
Blcgs ‒S„ (if F`wtlfs) lf `quipn`ft cfg `quipn`ft `b`n`fts cr` jr`ct`g my ta` drcvity (d) lh ncss`s (S > D Ô d; ncss`s ‒D„ if kd) cs w`bb cs my gyfcnij `hh`jts lh ta`s` ncss`s (`.d. hrln swifds), mut cbsl hrln jlff`jt`g `b`n`fts (`.d. rlp`s, jacifs) cfg hrln `xt`rfcb ifbu`fj`s (`.d. wifg). Wa` jcbjubctilf lh ta` tltcb blcgs (hlrj`s ‒H„ cfg ‒W„ if F`wtlfs) cfg ta`ir jlnmifctilf, cjtifd lf gihh`r`ft `xcnpb`s lh `quipn`ft, is g`sjrim`g if ta` hlbblwifd jbcus`s. Hlr stctij cfcbysis (str`ss-jcbjubctilfs) if blcg m`crifd pcrts lh `quipn`ft ta` sch`ty hcjtlrs hlr ta` blcgs cs div`f if M.= M.= sacbb sacbb m` us`g. Wa` p`rncf`ft blcgs (Sp) jlfsist lh? c) blcgs jr`ct`g my ta` ncss lh lh s`bh-w`idat s`bh-w`idat lh ta` str strujtur ujtur`` cfg lh ta` css`nmbi`s (Sp); m) pr`-str`s pr`-str`ssifd sifd blcgs, `.d. spcj` f`ts, jcmb`wcys (St ); ); cfg j) blcgs jr`ct`g my ta` ncss lh wct`r ih cfy wct`r jlftcif`rs cr` ifvlbv`g ifvlbv`g (Sp). C.3.= Blcgs jr`ct`g my s`bh-w`idat
Blcgs jr`ct`g my ta` ncss lh s`bh-w`idat lh ta` strujtur` cfg css`nmbi`s sacbb m` css`ss`g. C.3.: Ur`-str`ssifd blcgs
Ur`-str`ssifd blcgs cr` jlfsig`r`g tl m` p`rncf`ft blcgs. Wa` ncxinun cfg nifinun pr`-str`ssifd blcgs acv` tl m` jlfsig`r`g. FLW@ M`jcus` lh jr``p lr r`bcxctilf, pr`-str`ss is tin` g`p`fg g`p`fg`ft. `ft. It jlubg m` f`j`sscry tl v`rihy twl situctilfs? c)
ifiticb pr`-str`ss; cfg
m) `fg pr`-st pr`-str`ss. r`ss.
C.3.7 Ncss lh wct`r
Wa` aida`st cfg blw`st plssimb` wct`r b`v`bs if ta` jlftcif`r sacbb m` jlfsig`r`g.
C.=
Xcricmb` blcgs blcgs
C.=.3 D`f`rcb
Wa` vcricmb` blcgs (Si) jlfsist lh? c) us`r blcgs; m) sflw blcgs;
03
0=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
j) wifg blcgs; g) t`np`rctur` blcgs; cfg
`) sp`ji sp`jiij ij blcgs. C.=.= Ps`r blcgs
Wa` blcgs r`subtifd hrln us`rs lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft sacbb m` mcs`g lf ta` hlbblwifd blcg syst`n? c) tltc tltcbb ncss
(C.3)
wa`r` Df
is ta` tltcb ncss lh f jaibgr`f, if kibldrcns;
f
is ta` funm`r lh jaibgr`f lf ta` `quipn`ft lr pcrt ta`r`lh, cs div`f if C.: C.:;;
n
is ta` n`cf ncss lh c jaibg if c sp`jii`g cd` drlup;
ϊ
is ta` stcfgcrg g`victilf lh ta` cd` drlup jlfj`rf`g.
Hlr lp`f pumbij cfg privct` pbcydrlufgs ta` hlbblwifd vcbu`s jcf m` us`g? n > 0:,1 kd ϊ > 9,8 kd Wa`s` vcbu`s cr` mcs`g lf gctc hlr jaibgr`f lh 37 y`crs lh cd`. Alw`v`r ta` jcbjubct`g blcgs ifjbug` sch`ty hcjtlrs, waija `fsur` strujtur`s ncy cbsl m` us`g my cgubts.
Hlr pbcydrlufgs wita sup`rvisilf lp`f tl w`bb-g`if`g cd` drlups lfby (`.d. gcy-jcr` j`ftr`s), ta` hlbblwifd vcbu`s jcf m` us`g? ‗
cd` up tl 7 y`crs?
n > 38,4 kd ϊ > =,3 kd;
‗ ‗
cd` up tl 1 y`crs? cd` up tl 3= y`crs?
n > =4,9 kd ϊ > 0,5 kd; n > 73,0 kd ϊ > 4,9 kd.
FLW@ 3 Wa` ncss lh jaibgr`f up tl 37 y`crs is mcs`g lf ta` cftarlpln`trij gctc lh cd` drlup 3:,0 tl 37 37,0 ,0 y`crs, ifjbugifd = kd hlr jbltaifd. Hlr ta` lta`r cd` drlups, ta` ncss ifjbug`s 5,0 kd, 3 kd cfg 3,0 kd hlr jbltaifd hlr 7, 1 cfg 3= y`crs r`sp`jtiv`by. r`sp`j tiv`by.
m) gyfcnij hcjtlr J gyf > 3+ 3/f
(C.=)
wa`r` J gyf gyf
is c hcjtlr r`pr`s`ftifd ta` blcg jcus`g my nlv`n`ft (ruffifd, pbcyifd, `tj.) lh ta` us`rs, ifjbugifd
f
is cs div`f if c).
nct`ricb m`acvilur ufg`r inpcjt blcgifd;
j) tltc tltcbb v`rtijc v`rtijcbb us`r blcg
0:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
(C.:)
wa`r` is ta` tltcb v`rtijcb us`r blcg lf ta` `quipn`ft jcus`g my f jaibgr`f, if F`wtlfs;
=
is ta` cjj`b`rctilf gu` tl drcvit drcvityy (3 (35 5 n/ n/ss ); is cs div`f if c);
is cs div`f if m).
FLW@ =
Jcbjubct`g `xcnpb`s cr` div`f if Wcmb` C.3 hlr C.3 hlr ifhlrnctilf.
Wcmb` C.3 ‗ Wltcb v`rtijcb blcg hlr pbcydrlufg ift`fg`g hlr us` my jaibgr`f lh cbb cd`s Funm`r lh us`rs
Ncss lh f u uss`rs
Gy fcnij hcjtlr
f
Df
J gyf gyf
3 = : 0 35 30 =5 =0 :5 75 05 85 ∖
kd 89, 0 3:5 319 :57 011 181 3 378 3 7=7 3 455 = =0= = 153 : :05
FLW@
Wltcb v`rtijcb us`r blcg
= ,5 5 3,05 3,:: 3,=5 3,35 3,54 3,50 3,57 3,5: 3,5=0 3,5= 3,534 3,55
X`rtijcb blcg p`r us`rs
F 3 :93 3 971 = 038 : 871 8 78 1 9 =09 3= 5:: 37 135 34 084 =: 51: =1 045 :7 501
F 3 :93 947 1:9 4:5 8 74 834 85= 09= 018 044 043 081 0:1
Ct ififity ta` v`rtijcb blcg p`r us`r `qucbs ta` cv`rcd` ncss.
g) tltc tltcbb alrizlftcb us`r blcg Wa` tltcb alrizlftcb us`r blcg is 35 % lh ta` tltcb v`rtijcb us`r blcg if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.= C.=.= j) j) cfg cjts lf ta` scn` b`v`b, tld`ta`r wita ta` v`rtijcb blcg? FLW@ :
(C.7) Wais blcg blcg cbblws hlr nlv`n nlv`n`ft `ft lh jaibgr`f pbcyifd cfg ifcjjurcji`s if ta` strujt ur`.
`) gist gistrimutilf rimutilf lh us`r blcgs
Wa` us`r blcgs cr` ufihlrnby gist gistrimut`g rimut`g lv`r ta` `b`n`ft jlfsig`r`g cs hlbblws? 3) plift blcgs H > > H tlt if F`wtlfs;
(C.0)
07
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
H is is cjtifd lf cf cr`c lh 5,3 n Ô 5,3 n;
=) bif` blcgs? q > H tlt /B /B if F`wtlfs p`r n`tr`;
(C.8)
wa`r`? B is if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.: C.:.:;; :) cr`c blcgs? p > H tlt / C if F`wtlfs p`r n`tr` squcr`g; p
(C.4)
wa`r`? C is if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.7 C.:.7;; 7) vlbun` blcgs? q > H tlt /B if F`wtlfs p`r n`tr`
(C.1)
lr p > H tlt / C if F`wtlfs p`r n`tr` squcr`g. p
(C.9)) (C.9
FLW@ 7 strujtur`. Xlbun` Xlb un` blcgs blcgs cr` `xpr`ss`g `ita`r `ita`r if bif` blcgs blcgs lr cr`c blcgs, g`p`fgifd lf ta` ty typ` p` lh `b`n` `b`n`fts fts tact hlrn ta`
C.=.: Zflw blcgs
Zflw blcgs sacbb m` m ` tck`f tc k`f hrln @F 399 3993 3-33-:, :, cbblwifd cbblwif d hlr c r`h`r`fj` p`rilg p`r ilg lh 35 y`crs. C.=.7 Tifg blcgs
Tifg blcgs sacbb sac bb m` tck`f hrln @F 39933993-3-7, cbblwifd cb blwifd hlr c r`h`r`fj` r `h`r`fj` p`rilg lh 35 y`crs. C.=.0 W`np`rctur` blcgs
W`np`rctur` blcgs sacbb m` m ` tck`f tc k`f hrln @F 39933993-33-=, =, cbblwifd cbblw ifd hlr c r`h`r`fj` p`rilg lh 35 y`crs. C.=.8 Zp`jiij blcgs C.=.8.3
Zwifd s`cts
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs f lf c swifd s`ct if nltilf sacbb m` jcbjubct`g hrln ta` hlbblwifd? c) hlr c trcgit trcgitilfcb ilfcb swifd f > =; m) hlr c dlfglbc, f sacbb m` jcbjubct`g j cbjubct`g cs div`f if C.: C.:;; j) hlr c sifdb` plift swifd f > B/5,8 wita f ≠ =; wa`r` B
is ta` tltcb b`fdta lh ta` lut`r `gd` lh ta` swifdifd pbcthlrn if n`tr`s.
Wa` hlrj`s jcus`g my nltilf lh swifds sacbb m` jlfsig`r`g hlr cbb ta` nlst lf`rlus plsitilfs r`b`vcft hlr ta` `b`n`ft m`ifd jlfsig`r`g.
00
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wa` us`r blcgs if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.= C.=.= j) j) cfg g) f``g flt m` jlfsig`r`g. FLW@ 3 If ta` jcs` lh swifds, ta` ncss jcf m` jlfsig`r`g cs m`ifd m`ifd ufihlrnby gistrimut`g lf ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft m`tw``f ta` plifts lh supplrt.
Wa` ncxinun swifd cfdb` γncx. jlfsig`r`g hlr swifd s`cts susp`fg`g hrln rlp`s lr jacifs is 15µ hrln ta` v`rtijcb plsitilf. FLW@ = CIf Cff`x`xcnpb` M ta` n`talg M ta` m` us`g hlr jcbjubctifd ta` hlrj`s r`subtifd hrln ta` nltilf lh c swifd is ifjbug`g. wlrk`g is cbsl div`f. dtliv`f. C.=.8.=
Jcrlus`bs
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs lf c jcrlus`b sacbb m` ta` aida`st funm`r jcbjubct`g hrln? c) funm`r lh s`cts, cs div`f if C.:.: C.:.: wa`r` wa`r` B pr is ta` tltcb b`fdta lh ta` s`cts; lr m) pbcthlrn gin`fsilfs, cs div`f if C.:.7 C.:.7 wa`r` wa`r` C pr is ta` cr`c lh ta` pbcthlrn. Hlr jcrlus`bs, twl blcg jcs`s sacbb m` jlfsig`r`g hlr ta` us`r blcgs? j) ta` blcg H tlt is is `v`fby gistrimut`g lv`r ta` `ftir` jcrlus`b; g) ta` blcg H tlt (3/= (3/= B pr lr 3/= C pr) is `v`fby gistrimut`g lv`r lf` acbh lh ta` jcrlus`b. FLW@ X`rtijc X` rtijcbb cfg alrizlftcb us`r blcgs cjt ct ta` scn` tin`. J`ftrihudcb hlrj`s hlrj`s f``g flt m` jlfsig`r`g cggitilfcbby,, cs ta`y cr` cggitilfcbby c r` jlv`r`g my ta` alrizlftcb us`r blcg. C.=.8.:
Jcmb`wcys Jcmb`wc ys
Wa` ncxinun t`fsilf if ta` jcmb` lh c jcmb`wcy sacbb m` jcbjubct`g hlr ta` situctilf wa`r` ta` us`rs cr` swifdifd if c v`rtijcb gir`jtilf if ta` niggb` lh ta` jcmb`. Wa` us`r blcgs cs div`f if C.=.= C.=.= j) j) cfg g) f``g flt m` jlfsig`r`g. Wa` ncxinun hlrj`s if ta` hlufgctilf lh ta` jcmb`wcy jcf m` mcs`g lf ta` stctij situctilf wita ta` us`rs if ta` niggb` lh ta` jcmb`. Wa` funm`r lh us`rs f lf c trcgitilfcb jcmb`wcy is f > =. FLW@ If Cff`x M, If M, c n`talg tact jcf m` us`g hlr jcbjubctifd ta` hlrj`s r`subtifd hrln ta` nltilf lh us`rs susp`fg`g hrln c jcmb`wcy j cmb`wcy is ifjbug`g. C wlrk`g `xcnpb` is cbsl div`f. d iv`f. C.=.8.7
Zpcticb f`twlrks
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs if c spcticb f`twlrk sacbb m` jcbjubct`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.0 C.:.0 lf lf ta` mcsis lh ta` vlbun` X g`if`g g`if`g my ta` p`ripa`ry lh ta` spcticb f`twlrk. Hlr spcticb f`twlrks twl blcg jcs`s sacbb m` jlfsig`r`g hlr ta` us`r blcgs cs hlbblws? c) blcg H tlt ( (X ) is `qucbby gistrimut`g lv`r ta` `ftir` strujtur`; m) blcg H tlt (3/= (3/= X ) is `qucbby gistrimut`g lv`r lf` acbh lh ta` strujtur`. C.=.8.0
Cjj`ss bcgg`rs cfg stcirs
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs lf cf cjj`ss bcgg`r lr stcir sacbb m` jcbjubct`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.: C.:.: lf lf ta` mcsis lh ta` sun lh ta` b`fdta lh cbb rufds lr tr`cgs. C.=.8.8
Mcrri`rs cfg ducrg rcibs rcibs
Wa` alrizlftcb blcg lf mcrri`rs cfg ducrg d ucrg rcibs rcib s is 405 F/n F/n cjtifd if c alrizlftcb gir`jt g ir`jtilf ilf lf ta` tlp rcib.
08
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
C.=.8.4
Z`cts
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs lf c s`ct is ta` aida`st vcbu` lh ta` hlbblwifd? c) lf` us`r, ta` blcg tl m` tr`ct` tr`ct`g g cs c plift blcg; blcg;
m) funm`r sp`jii`g if tais stcfgcrg st cfgcrg hlr sp`jiij `quipn`ft; ta` blcg tl m` tr`ct`g cs c gistrimut`g blcg; lr j) funm`r jcbju jcbjubct`g bct`g cs div`f if C.:.= C.:.=.. C.=.8.1
Bct`rcb prlt`jtilf prlt`jtilf lh sbig`s
Wa` v`rtijcb cfg alrizlftcb blcgs cppbi`g tl ta` bct`rcb prlt`jtilfs lh sbig`s cr` div`f if C.=.= C.=.=..
C.:
Funm`r lh us`rs lf ta` `quipn`ft `quipn`ft
C.:.3 D`f`rcb
Jcbjubct` ta` funm`r lh us`rs hlr `cja strujturcb `b`n`ft bik`by tl m` blcg`g my us`rs. Wa` jcbjubct`g funm`r sacbb m` rlufg`g up tl ta` f`xt walb` funm`r. FLW@
]lufgifd up if tais jlft`xt n`cfs tact :,3: m`jln`s 7,5, hlr `xcnpb`.
C.:.= Funm`r lh us`rs lf c plift
Pfb`ss stct`g stct `g gihh`r`ftby gihh`r`ft by `bs`wa`r` if tais pcrt pc rt lh @F 3348, 3348, ta` funm`r funm`r lh us`rs, f, lf c plift is cs hlbblws?
@v`ry sifdb` plift lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft hlr stcfgifd, wcbkifd lr jbinmifd uplf, lr c bct surhcj` dr`ct`r tacf 5,3 n wig` cfg waija acs b`ss tacf c :5µ cfdb` hrln ta` alrizlftcb, sacbb m` cmb` tl jcrry ta` blcg jcus`g j cus`g my lf` us`r. FLW@
Wais cbsl cppbi`s tl rufds lr st`ps hlr supplrtifd ta` us`r's h``t.
C.:.: Funm`r lh us`rs lf bif` typ` `b`n`fts `b`n`fts
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs, f, lf c bif` sacbb m` jcbjubct`g hrln ta` hlbblwifd? c) bif` `b`n`fts wita cf ifjbifct ifjbifctilf ilf up tl cfg ifjbugifd 85µ? f > B pr/5,8;
(C.35)
m) bif` `b`n`fts wita cf ifjbifct ifjbifctilf ilf dr`ct`r tacf 85µ? f > B/3,=5 wa`r` B
is ta` b`fdta lh ta` `b`n`ft if n`tr`s;
Bpr
is ta` b`fdta lh ta` `b`n`ft prlo`jt`g glwf tl c alrizlftcb pbcf`, if n`tr`s.
Bif` typ` `b`n`fts cr` rufds if bcgg`rs cfg if jbinmifd hrcn`s, plb`s cfg rlp`s.
(C.33)
04
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
C.:.7 Funm`r lh us`rs lf cf cr`c
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs, f, lf c surhcj` cr`c sacbb m` jcbjubct`g hrln ta` hlbblwifd? c) pbcf`s wita ifjbifctilf up tl cfg ifjbugifd 85µ? f > C pr/5,:8;
(C.3=)
m) pbcf`s wita ifjbifct ifjbifctilf ilf dr`ct`r tacf 85µ? f > C/5,4=
(C.3:)
wa`r` C
is ta` cr`c, if n`tr`s squcr`g;
Cpr
is ta` cr`c prlo`jt`g glwf tl c alrizlftcb pbcf`, if n`tr`s squcr`g.
Cr`c typ` ty p` `b`n`fts `b`n`fts cr` pbcthlrns, bcttij` typ` ty p` pbcthlrns, rcnps cfg f`ts. f`ts. Wa` wigta lh ta` pbcf` sacbb m` dr`ct`r tacf 5,8 n. Ubcf`s acvifd c sncbb`r wigta sacbb m` tr`ct`g cs bif` typ` `b`n `b`n`fts. `fts. Ta`r` typ`slflhta` `b`n`ft jcf m`sig` us`glfby. hrlnWa`s` mlta sig`s, f`ts lr drigs, ta`m`funm`r f, sacbb ta`s` m` mcs`g cr`c lh lf` typ`s `.d. lh `b`n`ft wibb flt blcg`glhcsjaibgr`f, g`fs`by cs pbcthlrns. C.:.0 Funm`r lh us`rs if c vlbun`
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs, f, if c vlbun` sacbb m` jcbjubct`g hrln ta` hlbblwifd? ‗
hlr vlbun`s
‗
hlr vlbun`s
‗
hlr vlbun`s
(C.37)
; ; .
(C.30) (C.38)
wa`r` X
is ta` vlbun` g`if`g my ta` p`ripa`ry lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft if jumij n`tr`s.
Wa` vlbun` is us`g tl g`t`rnif` ta` ncxinun nc xinun funm`r lh us`rs lf pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft, `quipn`ft, `.d. jbinmifd hrcn`s, spcticb f`twlrks. FLW@
Wa` vlbun`s n`ftilf n`ftilf`g `g cr` mcs`g lf ta` hlbblwifd gin`fsilfs gin`fsilfs??
c) 5,85 n Ô 5,85 n Ô 3,=5 3,=5 n > 5,7: n:; m) 5,40 n Ô 5,40 n Ô 3,05 n > 5,10 n:; j) 5,95 n Ô 5,95 95 n Ô 3,15 n > 3,78 n:.
01
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x M
(flrnctiv`) N`talg lh jcbjubctilf lh strujturcb ift`drity
M.3
D`f`rcb prifjipb`s prifjipb`s?? Binit stct`
M.3.3 Binit stct`
@cja strujtur` cfg strujturcb `b`n`ft, `.d. jlff`jtilfs, hlufgctilfs, supplrts, sacbb m` jcbjubct`g tckifd iftl cjjluft ta` blcg jlnmifctilfs lh M.= M.=..
Wa` pr`h`rr`g n`talg lh jcbjubctilf sacbb m` mcs`g lf ta` d`f`rcb prifjipb`s cfg g`ifitilfs hlr binit stct`s cs sp`jii`g if ta` cpprlprict` cpprlprict` strujturcb strujt urcb @urljlg`s. T`bb-`stcmbisa`g t`jafijcb rub`s cfg n`talgs lh jlfstrujtilf prcjtij`, lta`r tacf tais n`talg, ncy m` us`g prlvig`g tact ta` b`v`b lh sch`ty is ct b`cst ta` scn`. FLW@
Binit stct`s cr` stct`s m`ylfg waija ta` struj strujtur` tur` fl blfd`r jlfhlrns tl tais pcrt lh lh @F 33 3348. 48.
If synmlbij hlrn, hlrn, c binit stct` jcf m` writt`f w ritt`f cs?
(M.3)
wa`r`
is c pcrticb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr blcgs;
is c pcrticb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr nct`ricbs;
Z
is blcg `hh`jt;
]
is ta` r`sistcfj` lh ta` strujtur`.
Wl cbblw hlr if hcjtlr ta` cjtucb blcgs(κcfg nubtipbi`g myufj`rtcifti`s c pcrticb sch`ty hlr blcgs H ). if ta` nlg`b us`g hlr g`t`rnififd blcgs, blcgs cr` Wl cbblw hlr ufj`rtcifti`s ufj`rtcift i`s if ta` cjtucb cjtuc b nct`ricb prlp`rti`s prlp`rt i`s cfg if ta` nlg`bs us`g hlr g`t`rnif g`t`rnififd ifd hlrj`s if ta` strujtur`, strujtu r`, ta` str`fdta lh ta` strujtur` strujt ur` is givig`g my c pcrticb pcrticb sch`ty sch`t y hcjtlr hlr nct`ricbs nct`ricbs (κN). If nlst jcs`s, ta` synmlbij r`pr`s`ftctilf div`f a`r` jcfflt m` us`g tl r`pr`s`ft ta` binit stct` m`jcus` ta` cjtucb hlrnubctilf is lht`f flfbif`cr, `.d. if jcs`s wa`r` blcgs acv` tl m` jlnmif`g. M.3.= Pbtinct` binit stct`
Pbtinct` binit stct`s r`quirifd jlfsig`rctilf ifjbug`? c) blss lh lh `quibimriun lh ta` strujtur` strujt ur` lr cfy pcrt lh it, jlfsig`r`g cs c ridig mlgy; m) hcibur` my `xj`ssiv` g`hlrnctilf, g`hlrnctilf, ruptur`, lr lr blss blss lh lh stcmibity lh ta` strujtur` strujt ur` lr lr cfy pcrt lh it. FLW@ Pbtinct` binit stct`s cr` tals` cssljict`g wita jlbbcps`, lr wita lta`r hlrns lh struj strujturcb turcb hcibur`, waija jcf `fgcfd`r ta` sch`ty sch`t y lh p`lpb`.
09
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
M.3.: Z`rvij`cmibity binit stct`
Ta`r` s`rvij`cmibity r`quir`n`fts cr` ncg`, ta` pr`h`rr`g n`talg lh jcbjubctilf sacbb m` mcs`g lf ta` prifjipb`s prifjip b`s hlr s`rvij`cmibity binit stct` st ct` cs sp`jii`g sp`ji i`g if ta` cpp cpprlprict` rlprict` strujturcb @urljlg @urljlg`s. `s.
Wa` g`b`jtilf jrit`ric hlr s`rvij`cmibity binit stct`s n`ftilf`g if ta` cpprlprict` @urljlg`s gl flt cppby tl pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft. FLW@
Z`rvij`cmibity binit stct`s jlrr`splfg tl stct`s waija gl flt jlfhlrn tl sp`jii`g s`rvij` jrit`ric.
M.=
Blcg jlnmifctil jlnmifctilfs fs hlr stctij cfcbysis
Wa` hlbblwifd blcg jlnmifctilfs sacbb m` us`g hlr v`riijctilf?
Ô Sp +
Ô S i
(M.=)
wa`r` Sp
is ta` p`rncf`ft blcg cs div`f if C.3 C.3;;
is lf` lh ta` vcricmb` blcgs cs div`f if C.=.= C.=.= tl tl C.=.8 C.=.8;;
is c pcrticb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr p`rncf`ft blcgs tl m` us`g if jcbjubctilfs; is c pcrticb pcrt icb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr vcricmb` vcricmb` blcgs tl m` us`g if jcbjubctilfs. jc bjubctilfs.
Wa` hlbblwifd hlbblwifd pcrticb sch`ty hcjtlrs hlr blcgs sacbb m` us`g?
> 3,5 hlr hcvlurcmb` `hh`j `hh`jts; ts;
> 3,:0 hlr ufhcvlurcmb` `hh`j `hh`jts; ts;
> 5 hlr hcvlurcmb` `hh`j `hh`jts; ts;
> 3,:0 hlr ufhcvlurcmb` `hh`j `hh`jts. ts.
FLW@ 3 It is flt f`j`sscry f`j`sscry tl jlnmif` jlnmif` ifg`p`fg ifg`p`fg`ft `ft vcricmb` vcricmb` blcgs suja cs wifg cfg us`r blcgs. blcgs. ]`bct`g blcgs blcgs cjtifd if gihh`r`ft gir`jtilfs, gir`jt ilfs, suja cs v`rtijc v`rtijcbb cfg alrizlftcb us`r blcgs, cr` jlnmif`g. FLW@ = If ta` hlbblwifd `xcnpb`s lfby ta` hlrj`s (H lr W) jr`ct`g my ta` blcgs S cr` jcbjubct`g. Hlr stctij cfcbysis if `b`n`fts lh `quipn`ft, `quipn`ft, ta` sch`ty sch`t y hcjtlrs div`f d iv`f cmlv` f``g tl m` ifjbug`g. ifjbug`g.
M.:
Tlrk`g `xcnpb` lh ta` jcbjubctilf lh us`r blcgs (witalut sch`ty hcjtlrs)
M.:.3 D`f`rcb
Wa` cppbijctilf lh ta` blcg syst`n mcs`g lf ta` funm`r lh us`rs is g`nlfstrct`g hlr c pbcthlrn wita bcgg`r cjj`ss, s`` Hidur` M.3. M.3.
85
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Gctc?
Ubcthlrn?
gin`fsilfs?
3 555 n n Ô 3 555 n n
Bcgg`r?
b`fd ta?
3 445 nn
funm`r lh rufds?
8
`x t`rfcb w igta?
: 1 1 nn
ift`rfcb wigta?
:05 nn
cfdb`?
48µ
Mcrri`r?
b`fd ta?
7 Ô 3 555 n n
83
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Hidur` M.3 ‗ Ubcthlrn wita bcgg`r
M.:.= Ubcthlrn
Wa` funm`r lh us`rs lf ta` pbcthlrn is jcbjubct`g hrln C.:.7 C.:.7 ( (Hlrnubc Hlrnubc C.3=)? C.3=)? f > C pr/5,:8 > 3,5/5,:8 3,5/5,:8 > =,44 rlufg`g lhh upwcrgs tl f > : Wa` tltcb v`rtijcb blcg lf ta` pbcthlrn hlbblws hrln Wcmb` C.3? C.3? H tlt;v > = 038 F Wa` alrizlftcb us`r blcg lf ta` pbcthlrn (jcbjubct`g hrln Hlrnubc C.7) C.7) is? H tlt;a > 5,3 H tlt;v > =0= F M.:.: Mcrri`r
Hlr ta` mcrri`r, c bif` typ` `b`n`ft, twl blcg jcs`s cr` jlfsig`r`g? ta` us`r blcg cfg ta` mcrri`r blcg. Wa` funm`r lh us`rs lf lf` mcrri`r (jcbjubct`g hrln Hlrnubc C.3 C .35 5) is? f > B pr/5,8 > 3,5/5,8 3,5/5,8 > 3,84 rlufg`g lhh lh h upwcrgs tl f > = Wa` tltcb v`rtijcb blcg (tck`f hrln Wcmb` C.3) C.3) is H tlt;v > 3 971 F. Wa` bif` blcg lf ta` mcrri`r is? q v> H tlt;v/B pr > 3 971 F/n Wa` alrizlftcb blcg lf ta` mcrri`r is? q a > 5,3q v > 390 F/n FLW@
Wais blcg is lv`rrub`g my ta` mcrri`r blcg cfg f``g flt m` jlfsig`r`g hurt hurta`r a`r..
If cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.8.8 C.=.8.8,, ta` alrizlftcb mcrri`r blcg is 405 F/n. M.:.7 Bcgg`r
If cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.= C.:.=,, `cja rufd sacbb m` cmb` tl jcrry lf` us`r? H tlt;v > 3 :93 F Wa` bcgg`r if tais `xcnpb` is cf cjj`ss bcgg`r. If cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.8.0 C.=.8.0,, ta` funm`r lh us`rs sacbb m` jcbjubct`g lf ta` mcsis lh ta` sun lh ta` t a` b`fdta lh cbb rufds. Wa` tltcb b`fdta lh cbb rufds is? 8 Ô 5,:0 n > =,3 n.
8=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
C.:.: ( (Hlrnubc Hlrnubc C.35)? C.35)? Wa` funm`r lh us`rs is jcbjubct`g if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.:.: f > B pr/5,8 > =, 3/5,8 > :,0 rlufg`g lhh upwcrgs tl f > 7 Wa` bcgg`r sacbb m` cmb` tl jcrry c blcg lh hlur us`rs (s`` C.=.= C.=.= j))? j))? H tlt;v > 35 Ô (7 Ô 0:,1 + 3,87 Ô 9,8 ∟7) Ô (3 + 3/7) > : 517 F Hlr jlfv`fi`fj`, Wcmb` C.3 ncy C.3 ncy cbsl m` us`g? H tlt;v > 7 Ô 1:9 > : :08 F M.:.0 Jlnpb`t` strujtur`
Wa` blcg lf ta` jlnpb`t` strujtur` ncy m` tck`f cs ta` sun lh ta` ifgivigucb `b`n`fts. Alw`v`r, it is p`rnissimb` tl tck` iftl cjjluft ta` r`gujifd `hh`jt lf ta` blcg lh ta` ifjr`cs`g funm`r lh us`rs. Ubcthlrn?
f > =,44
Mcrri`rs (7)?
f > 7 Ô 3,84 > 8,81
Bcgg`r?
f > :,0
Wltcb?
f > 3=,90
rlufg`g lhh upwcrgs tl?
f > 3:
Wa` tltcb v`rtijcb blcg lf ta` strujtur` if cjjlrgcfj` wita Wcmb` C.3 is? C.3 is? H tlt;v > 3: Ô 847 > 1 48= F FLW@ 3
C nlr` `xcjt jcbjubct jcbjubctilf ilf lf ta` mcsis lh C.=.= C.=.= j) j) jcf cbsl m` ncg`.
Wa` tltcb alrizlftcb blcg lf ta` strujtur`, jcbjubct`g jc bjubct`g if cjjlrgcfj` cjjlrgcfj` wita Hlrnubc C.7, C.7, is? H tlt;a > 5,3 H tlt;v > 148 F FLW@ = Wa` tltcb alrizlftcb blcg jlfsists lh tar`` (pbcthlrn, mcrri`r, bcgg`r bcgg`r)) sncbb`r alrizlftcb blcgs cjtifd lf gihh`r`ft b`v`bs.
M.7
Jcbjubctilf lh hlrj`s cjtifd lf c swifd s`ct
Hlr ta` swifd s`ct salwf if Hidur` M.=, M.=, ta` hlrj`s jcus`g my nltilf cr`?
(M.:)
(M.7)
(M.0)
wa`r` H a
is ta` alrizlftcb blcg lf ta` css`nmby (if F`wtlfs);
H v
is ta` v`rtijcb blcg lf ta` css`nmby (if F`wtlfs);
8:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
H r
is ta` r`subtifd blcg lf ta` css`nmby (if F`wtlfs);
d
is ta` t a` cjj`b`rctilf gu` tl drcvit d rcvityy (> 35 35 n/s=);
Ds
is ta` ncss lh ta` swifdifd css`nmby (if kibldrcns);
Df
is if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.=c);
f
is ta` funm`r lh us`rs lf ta` swifd if cjjlrgcfj` wita wit a C.=.8.3 C.=.8.3..
J a, J v, J r cr` blcg hcjtlrs g`p`fgifd lf ta` ncxinun swifd cfdb` γ ncx.
cfg ta` swifd cfdb` γ lh ta` jlfsig`r`g plsitilf cjjlrgifd tl Wcmb` M.3. M.3.
Wa` ncss lh ta` swifdifd css`nmby jlfsists lh ta` ncss lh ta` swifdifd pbcthlrn cfg acbh lh ta` ncss lh ta` jcmb`s, rlp`s lr rlgs.
Wa` sp`jiij blcg hlr swifd s`cts is c vcricmb` blcg tact jlftcifs ta` s`bh-w`idat (flrncbby tl m` jlfsig`r`g cs c p`rncf`ft blcg) lh ta` swifdifd css`nmby. Wa` `hh`jt r`subtifd hrln ta` gihh`r`fj` if blcg hcjtlrs hlr p`rncf`ft cfg vcricmb` blcg (s`` Hidur` M.=) is flt sidfiijcft if tais jcs`. jc s`. H a, H v, cfg H r, sacbb m` tr`ct`g cs c s vcricmb` blcgs.
Hidur` M.= ‗ Blcgs cjtifd lf swifd
Wcmb` M.3 ‗ Blcg hcjtlrs hlr swifds γ ncx > 15µ γ
J r r
J v v
J a
15µ 45µ 85µ 05µ 7=,8µ 75µ :5µ =5µ 35µ 5µ
5,347 5,849 3,30: 3,013 3,183 3,905 =,=03 =,74= =,854 =,80:
5,5:5 5,=:= 5,044 3,538 3,:45 3,797 3,979 =,:=: =,084 =,80:
5,343 5,8:1 5,999 3,=33 3,=85 3,=0: 3,3=8 5,170 5,70: 5,555
87
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
M.0
Tlrk`g `xcnpb`s hlr hlrj`s cjtifd lf c swifd (witalut sch`ty hcjtlrs)
Zwifdifd pbcthlrn
Wa` swifdifd pbcthlrn jlfsists lh c rumm`r tyr` wita cf ifibb st``b wir` f`t, waija is susp`fg`g hrln hlur jacifs (s`` Hidur` M.:). M.:).
Gicn`t`r (G)?
3,5 n
T`idat lh t yr` cfg f`t?
05 kd
T`idat lh jacifs?
35 kd Hidur` M.: ‗ @xcnpb` lh c sifdb` plift swifd
Jcbjubctilf? Ncss lh ta` swifdifd css`nmby? D s > 05 + (¾ Ô 35) > 00 kd Lut`r jirjunh`r`fj` lh ta` swifdifd pbcthlrn?
> :,3 :,37 7 Ô 3,5 > :,3 :,37 7n
Funm`r lh us`rs? f > B/5,8 > :,37/5,8 > 0,=: ]lufgifd lhh? f > 8 Ncss lh f us`rs (s`` Hlrnubc C.3)? C.3)? Ncxinun swifd cfdb` γ ncx.?
80
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wa` swifdifd pbcthlrn is susp`fg`g hrln jacifs; ta`r`hlr` γ ncx.> 15µ Wa` ncxinun hlrj` if ta` jacifs is r`cja`g wa`f ta` r`subtifd hlrj`, H r, is ct ncxinun vcbu` (s`` Hlrnubc M.0). M.0). Hlr γ > > 5µ, ta` blcg hcjtlr hlr r`subtifd hlrj` is ncxinun? J r > =,80:
> =,80: Ô 35 Ô (:83 + 00) > 33 5:8 F
Wa` ncxinun v`rtijcb hlrj` lf ta` css`nmby is r`cja`g wa`f ta` blcg hcjtlr J v r`cja`s c ncxinun (s`` Hlrnubc M.7). M.7). Hlr γ > > 5µ, ta` blcg hcjtlr J v > =,80:.
> =,80: Ô 35 Ô (:83 + 00) > 33 5:8 F
Wa` blcg hcjtlr hlr ta` alrizlftcb blcg, cjtifd ct ta` scn` tin`, is? J a> 5 H a > 5 F Wa` ncxinun alrizlftcb hlrj` lf ta` css`nmby is r`cja`g wa`f ta` blcg hcjtlr J a r`cja`s c ncxinun (s`` Hlrnubc M.:). M.:). Hlr γ > > 7=,8µ, ta` blcg hcjtlr J a > 3,=85.
> 3,=85 Ô 35 Ô (:83 + 00) > 0 =7= F
Wa` blcg hcjtlr hlr ta` v`rtijcb blcg, cjtifd ct ta` scn` tin`, (s`` Hlrnubc M.7) M.7) is J v > 3,:4=.
M.8
> 3,:4= Ô 35 Ô (:83 + 00) > 0 451 F
Jcbjubctilf lh hlrj`s cjtifd lf ta` jcmb` lh c jcmb`wcy
M.8.3 D`f`rcb
Wa` ncxinun t`fsib` hlrj` if ta` jcmb` lh c jcmb`wcy is jcbjubct`g m`blw. Wa` g`b`jtilf lh ta` jcmb` is cssun`g tl m` bif`cr (cblfd strcidat bif`s). Fl jcbjubctilf is f`j`sscry wa`f Wcm Wcmb` b` M.= M. = is us`g. Jcbjubct` acbh lh ta` jcmb` ncss hrln ta` Hlrnubc (M.8)? (M.8)? wa`r`
(M.8)
88
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Dj
is acbh lh ta` t a` jcmb` ncss if kibldrcns;
P 5
is ta` stctij stct ij ifiticb g`b`jtilf g` b`jtilf lh ta` jcmb` gu` tl ta` s`bh-w`idat s`bh-w`idat lh ta` jcmb` cfg ta` rlbbifd css`nmby (Dj + Dr) if n`tr`s (s`` Hidur` M.7); M.7);
u
is ta` gyfcnij g`b`jtilf g`b`jt ilf lh ta` jcmb` ufg`r ufg`r c swifdifd ncss (Dj + Dr + Df) if n`tr`s (s`` Hidur` M.7); M.7);
dj
is ta` ncss lh ta` jcmb` p`r n`tr` if kibldrcns;
b j
is ta` susp`fg`g b`fdta lh ta` jcmb`wcy if n`tr`s;
Dr
is ta` ncss lh ta` rlbbifd css`nmby if kibldrcns;
Df
is ta` ncss lh f us`rs if cjjlrgcfj` wita C.=.= C.=.= c) c);;
f
is ta` funm`r lh us`rs. (Hlr c trcgitilfcb jcmb`wcy, f > =). Hidur` M.7 ‗ G`b`jtilf lh c jcmb`wcy
FLW@ 3 C sncbb vcbu` lh ta` stctij ifiticb g`b`jtilf, u 5, b`cgs tl aida t`fsilf if ta` jcmb` cfg jlfs`qu`ftby tl aida hlrj`s lf ta` supplrts cfg hlufgctilf. Nlg`rct` t`np`rctur` `hh`jts `hh`jt s jcf fl blfd`r m` f`db`jt`g sifj` ta`y jcf jcus` c sidfiijcft jacfd` if ta` t`fsilf lh ta` jcmb`. Bittb` g`b`jtilf g`b`j tilf r`subts if bittb` r`gujtilf r`gujt ilf lh ta` rlbbifd sp``g f`cr ta` `fg lh ta` jcmb`, waija jcf jcus` cggitilfcb aczcrgs.
Wa` tltcb t`fsilf W tlt if if ta` jcmb` jcf m` jcbjubct`g hrln?
(M.4)
wa`r` W tlt tlt
is ta` ncxinun t`fsilf if ta` jcmb` if F;
W pr pr
is ta` stctij jcmb` t`fsilf gu` tl s`bh-w`idat lh ta` jcmb` cfg rlbb`r cfg pr`-t`fsilfifd if F;
W
is ta` t`fsilf if ta` jcmb` jcus`g my ta` us`rs if F.
Jcbjubct` ta` pr`-t`fsilfifd lh ta` jcmb` hrln? wa`r`
(M.1)
84
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
d
is ta` t a` cjj`b`rctilf gu` tl drcvit d rcvityy (> 35 35 n/s=);
γ
is ta ta`` r` r`bc bcti tivv` ifi ifiti ticb cb g`b b`j `jti tillf > u5/(3/= b j);
u5
is ta` stctij g`h`jtilf if ta` niggb` lh ta` jcmb` gu` tl s`bh-w`idat, w`idat lh ta` rlbbifd css`nmby cfg pr`-t`fsilf.
(M.9)
jcf m`jln` midd`r gu` tl str`tjaifd lh ta` jcmb`. Wais wibb FLW@ = ta` Cht`r sln` tin`, ta` if ifiticb g`b`jtilf, g`jr`cs` ncxinun t`fsilf t a` jcmb` ta` (waijau isl, sch`). sch`) .
Jcbjubct` ta` jcmb` t`fsilf jcus`g my ta` us`rs hrln?
(M.35)
wa`r` @ j
is ta` `bcstijity lh ta` jcmb` if F`wtlfs p`r nibbin`tr` squcr`g;
Cj
is ta` f`tt jrlss-s`jtilfcb cr`c lh ta` jcmb` if squcr` nibbin`tr`s;
p
is ta` r`bctiv` ncxinun gyfcnij g`b`jtilf g`b`j tilf > u/(3/= b j,), ifg ta` vcbu` vc bu` hlr p tact sctisi`s ta` t a` r`bctilf?
(M.33)
wa`r` ν is ta` pr`-strcif > W pr/(@ j C ν C j);
(M.3=)
J is c jlfstc jlfstcft ft > 7 (D j + D r + D f) Ô d/(@ j C C j).
(M.3:)
FLW@ :
C sch` vcbu` hlr p jcf m` hlufg hrln?
(M.37)
M.8.= Tlrk`g `xcnpb` `xcnpb` hlr hlrj`s cjtifd lf c jcmb`wcy jcmb`wcy (witalut sch`ty hcjtlrs) hcjtlrs) Gctc?
Jcmb`wcy?
B`fd ta?
85 n
Ztctij ifiticb g`b`jtilf? g`b`jt ilf?
3 % lh spcf
Jcmb`?
8 Ô :8 TZ st``b jlr` strcfg
Flnifcb gicn`t`r?
3= nn
Ncss?
5,85= kd/n
F`t t st``b cr`c?
88,=7 nn=
@bcstijit y? Pbtinct` blcg?
350 555 F/nn= 353 kF
81
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
]lbb`r?
Ncss?
35 kd
Ps`rs? Ncss lh tw twll jaibgr`f?
3:5 kd
Jcbjubctilf
Ztctij g`b`jtilf (s`` Hidur` M.7)? M.7)?
]`bctiv` ifiticb g`b`jtilf (s`` Hlrnubc M.9)? Acbh lh jcmb` ncss (s`` Hlrnubc M.8)? M.8)? Ncss lh ta` rlbbifd css`nmby? D r > 35 kd Ncss lh twl jaibgr`f? D f> 3:5 kd Ur`-t`fsilf lh ta` jcmb` (s`` Hlrnubc M.1)? M.1)? Ur`-strcif (s`` Hlrnubc M.3=)? M.3=)?
> 4 555/( 555/(350 350 555 Ô 88,=7) > 5,553 558 77
Jlfstcft (s`` Hlrnubc M.3:)? M.3:)?
> 7 (31 + 35 + 3:5) Ô 35 35/(3 /(350 50 555 Ô 88,=7) > 5,555 951 84
Hlrnubc M.33 salubg M.33 salubg m` slbv`g cs hlbblws?
89
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wa` vcbu` lh p tact sctisi`s ta` cmlv` hlrnubc is? p p > 5,548 =0
Flw ta` cggitilfcb gyfcnij t`fsilf (s`` Hlrnubc M.35) M.35) jcf m` jcbjubct`g? Wa` tltcb t`fsilf Wtlt if if ta` jcmb` (s`` Hlrnubc M.4) M.4) is? FLW@ Wa` tltcb blcg cjtifd lf lf ta` supplrtifd struj strujtur` tur` lh ta` jcmb` (Htlt > Wtlt) is c jlnmifctilf lh c p`rncf`ft blcg (SU > Wpr) cfg c vcricmb` blcg (Si > W) (s`` cbsl C.3.: C.3.: cfg cfg C.=.8.: C.=.8.:). ).
If Wcmb` M.=, M.=, ta` ncxinun t`fsib` jcmb` hlrj`s cr` jcbjubct`g hlr c funm`r lh jcs`s. Wa` tcmb` ncy m` us`g if cbb jcs`s wa`r`? ‗
ncss lh ta` jcmb`?
≧ 5,40 kd/n;
‗
`bcs csti tiji jity ty lh ta ta`` jc jcm mb`?
≧ 335 555 F/nn=;
‗
f`t t jcmb` cr`c?
≧ 15 nn=;
‗
ncs csss lh lh ta ta` rl rlbb bbif ifdd cs css`nmby by??
≧ =0 kd;
‗
ncss lh ta` us`rs?
≧ 3:5 kd.
Wcmb` M.= ‗ Ncxinun gyfcnij t`fsib` jcmb` hlrj` if kF Zpcf
Ifiticb g`b`jtilf
n =5 :5
3%
=%
:%
7%
0%
=1,5 =1,:
=:,8 =:,1
39,0 39,4
38,= 38,7
3:,8 3:,1
75 05 85
=1,8 =9,5 =9,:
=7,3 =7,: =7,8
=5,5 =5,5 =5,7
38,8 38,1 34,5
37,5 37,3 37,:
45
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x J
(flrnctiv`) Uaysijcb Uay sijcb t`stifd lh strujturcb ift`drity
J.3
Ucss/hcib jrit`ric
J.3.3 Blcg jcrryifd cmibity
Wa` sp`jin`f sacbb m` cmb` tl jcrry ta` tltcb t`st blcg (s`` J.= J.=)) hlr 0 nif. J.3.= Hcibur`
Cht`r ta` t`st ta` sp`jin`f sacbb salw fl jrcjks, gcncd` lr `xj`ssiv` p`rncf`ft g`hlrnctilf cfg fl jlff`jtilfs sacbb m` blls`f`g. U`rncf`ft g`hlrnctilf is jlfsig`r`g tl m` `xj`ssiv` wa`f it jr`ct`s cf ifhrifd`n`ft lh cfy lta`r r`quir`n`ft lh tais stcfgcrg.
J.=
W`st blcg hlr `quipn`ft
J.=.3 Blcg jlnmifctilfs hlr t`stifd
Wa` hlbblwifd blcg jlnmifctilfs sacbb m` us`g hlr t`stifd?
(J.3)
wa`r` Sp
is ta` p`rncf`ft blcg cs div`f if C.3 C.3;;
Si
is lf` lh ta` vcricmb` blcgs cs div`f if C.=.= C.=.= tl tl C.=.8 C.=.8;;
is c pcrticb pcrt icb sch`t y hcjtlr hlr p`rncf`ft blcgs tl m` us`g if t`stifd (wita c vcbu` lh 3,5 if cbb jcs`s);
is c pcrticb pcrt icb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr vcricmb` blcgs blcgs tl m` us`g if t`stifd if cjjlrg cjjlrgcfj` cfj` wita J.=.= J.=.= lr lr J.=.: J.=.:..
It is flt f`j`sscry tl jlnmif` ifg`p`fg`ft vcricmb` blcgs, suja cs wifg cfg us`r blcgs, mut r`bct`g blcgs cjtifd if gihh`r`ft gir`jtilfs, suja cs v`rtijcb cfg alrizlftcb us`r blcgs, salubg m` jlnmif`g. U`rncf`ft blcgs cr` pr`s`ft gurifd ta` t`st. Jlnpcr`g wita ta` vcricmb` blcgs lf pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft, ta` p`rncf`ft blcgs cr` sncbb if nlst jcs`s, cfg ta`r`hlr` fl cggitilfcb sch`ty hcjtlr hlr p`rncf`ft blcgs is r`quir`g if ta` t`sts. J.=.= Zch`ty hcjtlr hlr t`sts lf ig`ftijcb s`ri`s
Wa` hlbblwifd sch`ty hcjtlr sacbb m` us`g hlr ig`ftijcb s`ri`s wa`r` flt `v`ry sp`jin`f is t`st`g?
>5
> =,5
hlr hcvlurcmb` `hh`jts; hlr ufhcvlurcmb` `hh`jts.
43
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
J.=.: Zch`ty hcjtlr hlr t`sts lf c ufiqu` prlgujt
Wa` hlbblwifd sch`ty hcjtlr sacbb m` us`g wa`r` `v`ry sp`jin`f, ifjbugifd ufiqu` prlgujts, is t`st`g?
>5
hlr hcvlurcmb` `hh`jts;
> 3,:0
hlr ufhcvlurcmb` `hh`jts.
J.:
Blcg cppbijctilf
J.:.3 Ulift blcgs
Wa` hlbblwifd gin`fsilfs sacbb flt m` `xj``g`g wa`f cppbyifd ta` blcgs lftl cf `b`n`ft lh ta` strujtur`?
≧ 5,3 n; ‗ bif` ty typ` p` `b`n`ft? b ≧ ‗ cr`c ty typ` p` `b`n`ft? c ≧ 5,3 n Ô 5,3 n wa`r` b
is ta` supplrt b`fdta lh ta` t`st blcg (if n`tr`s);
c
is ta` supplrt cr`c lh ta` t`st blcg (if n`tr`s).
Wl sinubct` ta` trcfsh`r t rcfsh`r lh blcg jcus`g my lf` us`r tl ta` strujtur` str ujtur`,, ta` blcg salubg flrncb flrncbby by m` cppbi`g lv`r c b`fdta lh flt nlr` tacf 5,3 n. J.:.= Bif` blcgs
Bif` blcgs jcf m` r`pr`s`ft`g my `qucbby gistrimut`g plift blcgs spcj`g flt nlr` tacf 5,8 n cpcrt. Wa` supplrt b`fdta ufg`r ta` plift blcgs ncy m` up tl 5,8 n. J.:.: Cr`c blcgs
Cr`c blcgs jcf m` r`pr`s`ft`g my `qucbby gistrimut`g plift blcgs spcj`g drig wis` flt nlr` tacf 5,8 n Ô 5,8 n cpcrt. Wa` supplrt cr`c ufg`r ta` plift blcgs sacbb m` b`ss tacf 5,8 n Ô 5,8 n.
4=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x G
(flrnctiv`) W`st n`talgs hlr `ftrcpn`ft
G.3
D`f`rcb
Pfb`ss stct`g lta`rwis`, tlb`rcfj`s lh ta` prlm`s if tais cff`x cr` cs hlbblws? c) ³ 3 nn hlr gin`fsilfs; cfg m) ³ 3 µ hlr cfdb`s. If situctilfs lh glumt wa`f usifd ta` prlm`s r`bctifd tl ta` tlb`rcfj` cf cjjurct` n`csur`n`ft salubg m` ncg` tl `fsur` ta` lp`fifd is if cjjlrgcfj` wita ta` flnifcb gin`fsilf lh ta` prlm`. Cbb t`sts sacbb m` p`rhlrn`g if ta` nlst lf`rlus wcy.
G.=
A`cg cfg f`jk `ftrcpn`ft
G.=.3 Jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds G.=.3.3 Cppcrctus
Urlm`s, cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.3. G.3. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) Urlm` @ (sncbb a`cg)
4:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
m) Urlm` J (tlrsl)
j) Urlm` G (bcrd` a`cg) K`y
3
acfgb` Hidur` G.3 ‗ Urlm`s hlr g`t`rnifctilf lh a`cg cfg f`jk `ftrcpn`ft if jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds
G.=.3.=
Urlj`gur`
Cppby sujj`ssiv`by ta` prlm`s cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.3 tl G.3 tl `cja r`b`vcft lp`fifd. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ta` pcsscd` lh cfy prlm` tarluda ta` lp`fifd. Ih cfy lh ta` prlm`s cr` flt hr``by pcssifd tarluda ta` lp`fifd cppby c hlrj` lh (=== ³ 0) F tl ta` prlm`. Ta`f ta` tlrsl prlm` is us`g, it is sch`r tl hlrj` ta` mlgy tarluda ta` lp`fifd irst. Cppby ta` prlm` prlm` wita ta` t a` cxis p`rp`fgijubcr tl ta` pbcf` lh ta` lp`fifd. FLW@ Wa` gin`fsilfs lh a`cg prlm` G cr` mcs`g lf tals` hlr cf lbg`r jaibg cfg, ta`r`hlr`, ta`r` wibb m` c bcrd` tlb`rcfj` ih css`ssifd c ss`ssifd `quipn`ft `quipn`ft hlr us` my c ylufd jaibg.
G.=.= Ucrticbby mlufg cfg X-sacp`g lp`fifds G.=.=.3 Cppcrctus
W`st t`npbct`, cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.=. G.=.
47
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
C M M3
„C„ plrtilf lh prlm` „M„ plrtilf lh prlm` salubg`r s`jtilf
Hidur` G.= ‗ W`st t`npbct` hlr css`ssn`ft lh a`cg cfg f`jk `ftrcpn`ft if pcrticbby mlufg cfg X-sacp`g lp`fifds
G.=.=.= Urlj`gur`
Ulsitilf ta` ‑M’ plrtilf lh ta` t`st t`npbct` m`tw``f cfg p`rp`fgijubcr tl ta` mlufgcri`s lh ta` lp`fifd, cs salwf if Hidur` G.:. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt wa`ta`r ta` t`npbct` its witaif ta` mlufgcri`s lh ta` lp`fifd lr, ih it jcfflt m` ifs`rt`g tl its hubb taijkf`ss. Ih ta` t`st t`npbct` jcf m` ifs`rt`g tl c g`pta dr`ct`r tacf ta` taijkf`ss lh ta` t`npbct` (70 nn), cppby ta` ‑C’ plrtilf lh ta` t`st t`npbct`, sl tact its j`ftr` bif` is lri`ftct`g tl ja`jk ta` `xtr`niti`s lh ta` lp`fifd cs w`bb cs ta` j`ftr`bif`. @fsur` tact ta` pbcf` lh ta` t`st t`npbct` is pcrcbb`b cfg cppbi`g if bif` wita ta` lp`fifd, cs salwf if Hidur` G.7. G.7. Ifs`rt ta` t`st t`npbct` cblfd ta` lp`fifd uftib its nltilf is crr`st`g my jlftcjt wita ta` mlufgcri`s lh ta` lp`fifd. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ta` r`subts ifjbugifd ta` cfdb` lh ta` t`npbct` j`ftr`bif` r`bctiv` tl ta` v`rtijcb cfg alrizlftcb cx`s (s`` Hidur` G.7) G.7) cs tais wibb g`t`rnif` ta` pcss/hcib r`quir`n`fts div`f if 7.=.4.=.. Z`` Hidur`s G.0 cfg 7.=.4.= G.0 cfg G.8 G.8 hlr hlr `xcnpb`s lh ta` css`ssn`ft hlr ta` gihh`r`ft cfdubcr rcfd`s.
40
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
c)
m) K`y
3 =
cjj`ssimb` flt cjj`ssimb` Hidur` G.: ‗ N`talg lh ifs`rtilf lh ta` ‒M„ plrtilf lh ta` t`st t`npbct`
48
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
c)
m)
j) K`y
3 = : c m j
C M
rcfd` 3 rcfd` = rcfd` : ifs`rtilf cfdb` hlr css`ssifd ta` rcfd` t`npbct` j`ftr` bif` ja`jk cbb ifs`rtilf cfdb`s C-plrtilf (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) M-plrtilf (s (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) Hidur` G.7 ‗ Ja`jkifd cbb ifs`rtilf cfdb`s tl g`t`rnif` rcfd`
44
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) Ucss`s ih hrlft s`jtilf hubby `ft`rs cp`rtur` tl c ncxinun g`pta lh (t`npbct` salubg`r g`pta) =80 nn
m) Hcib
41
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
j) Ucss K`y
6 855 nn > nlr` nlr` tacf tacf 855 855 nn cml cmlv` v` ta` ta` pbcy pbcyifd ifd sur surhcj hcj`` 2 855 nn > b`s b`sss ta tacf cf 855 855 nn nn cmlv cmlv`` ta` pbc pbcyif yifdd surhc surhcj` j` C M
C-plrtilf (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) M-plrtilf (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) Hidur` G.0 ‗ ]cfd` 3 n`talg lh ifs`rtilf lh ta` ‑C’ plrtilf lh ta` t`st t`npbct`
49
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
K`y
c) m) j)
pcss hcib pcsss mut pc mut flt ta ta`` nif nifin inun un r`q `qui uirr`n `n`f `ft t
3 C M
bcrd` a`cg prlm` G C-plrtilf (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) M-plrtilf (s`` Hidur` G.=) G.=) Hidur` G.8 ‗ ]cfd` = n`talg lh ifs`rtilf lh ta` ‑C’ plrtilf lh ta` t`st t`npbct` hlbblw`g my ifs`rtilf lh ta` salubg`r lh ta` t`npbct` lr prlm` G
G.:
@ftrcpn`ft lh jbltaifd (tlddb` t`st)
G.:.3 Cppcrctus
W`st g`vij`, cs salwf if Hidur` G.4 c), G.4 c), jlnprisifd? ‗ tlddb`, salwf if m``f Hidur` G.4 tl m),m`ncg` lh plbycnig`s (UWH@),cs waija acv` hlufg suitcmb` nct`ricbs; (UC) (`.d. fyblf), plbyt`trcbulrl`tayb`f` ‗ jacif, cs salwf if Hidur` G.4 j) G.4 j);;
jlbbcr, g`tcjacmb` cfg wita dllg sbip; 15
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
‗ plb`. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
j) Jacif
c) Jlnpb`t` t`st g`vij`
m) Wlddb`
K`y
3 = : 7
plb` jacif tlddb` jlbbcr Hidur` G.4 ‗ W`st g`vij`
G.:.= Urlj`gur` G.:.=.3 Zbig`s
Ulsitilf ta` t`st g`vij` p`rp`fgijubcrby if ta` stcrtifd s`jtilf lh ta` sbig`, =55 nn hrln ta` trcfsitilf
plift lh ta` stcrtifd s`jtilf, cfg ct ta` cpprlprict` bct`rcb bljctilf, cs salwf if Hidur` G.1. G.1. Hlr sbig`s 13
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
lh wigta dr`ct`r tacf 755 nn ta` t`st sacbb m` jcrri`g lut twij` tw ij` wita ta` mcs` plsitilf`g ct mlta wigta `xtr`niti`s lh ta` sbig` m`gwcy cs salwf if Hidur` G.1. G.1. ]cfglnby pbcj` ta` tlddb` cfg jacif ufg`r ta` cjtilf lh its lwf w`idat tl cbb plsitilfs witaif rcfd`, witalut cppbyifd cggitilfcb hlrj` lr ifbu`fj`. FLW@
Wa` lmo`jtiv` lh tais t`st is tl r`pbijct` ta` fcturcb nltilf lh c jbltaifd tlddb`.
If ta` `v`ft tact ta` t`st g`vij` is lmstrujt`g, cppby c ncxinun hlrj` lh 05 F if ta` gir`jtilf lh ta` hlrj`g nlv`n`ft. Ih ta` g`vij` is r`b`cs`g tais plsitilf witaif ta` `quipn`ft pcss`s ta` t`st. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt wa`r` cfy `ftrcpn`ft lh ta` tlddb` lr jacif ljjurs. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) Fcrrlw sbig`
m) Tig` sbig`
K`y
3
j`ftr` bif` Hidur` G.1 ‗ Ulsitilf lh ta` t`st g`vij` lf sbig`s
G.:.=.=
Hir`ncf's plb`s
Jlfgujt ta` t`st wita twl gihh`r`ft plsitilfs lh ta` t`st g`vij` if cjjlrgcfj` wita c) cfg m)? c) jlnpb`t` t`st g`vij` (s`` Hidur` G.4c))? G.4c))? Ulsitilf ta` t`st g`vij` v`rtijcbby ct ta` `gd` lh ta` pbcthlrn ct ta` plift jbls`st tl ta` ir`ncf's plb`. m) tlddb`/jacif? G`tcja ta` tlddb`/jacif hrln ta` jlnpb`t` g`vij` cfg plsitilf sl tact it is ct c plift 3 155 nn cmlv` ta` surhcj` lh ta` cgocj`ft pbcthlrn lr ta` aida`st plift lf ta` plb`, ih it `xt`fgs b`ss tacf 3 155 nn, (s`` Hidur` G.9). G.9). ]cfglnby pbcj` ta` tlddb` cfg jacif ufg`r ta` cjtilf lh its lwf w`idat tl cbb plsitilfs witaif rcfd`, witalut cppbyifd cggitilfcb cggit ilfcb hlrj` lr ifbu`fj`, usifd ta` t a` t`st g`vij` cs div`f if c) cfg ta`f cs div`f if m). m). FLW@
Wa` lmo`jtiv` lh tais t`st is tl r`pbijct` ta` fcturcb nltilf lh c jbltaifd tlddb`.
If ta` `v`ft tact ta` t`st g`vij` is lmstrujt`g, cppby c ncxinun hlrj` lh 05 F if ta` gir`jtilf lh ta` hlrj`g nlv`n`ft. Ih ta` g`vij` is r`b`cs`g, tais plsitilf witaif ta` `quipn`ft pcss`s ta` t`st.
]`p`ct ta` t`st cs div`f if m) hlr ta` `ftir` b`fdta lh ta` ir`ncf's plb`, glwf tl ta` plift 3 555 nn cmlv` drlufg b`v`b. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt wa`r` cfy `ftrcpn`ft lh ta` tlddb` lr jacif ljjurs.
1=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
K`y
3
stcrtifd pbcthlrn Hidur` G.9 ‗ Ulsitilf lh ta` t`st g`vij` lf ir`ncf's plb`s
G.:.=.: ]llhs
G`tcja ta` tlddb`, jacif cfg jlbbcr hrln ta` plb` lh ta` jlnpb`t` t`st g`vij` (s`` G.:.3 G.:.3). ). ]cfglnby pbcj` ta` tlddb` cfg jacif ufg`r ta` cjtilf lh its lwf w`idat tl cbb plsitilfs ct ta` cp`x lr cblfd ta` surhcj` lh ta` rllh witalut cppbyifd cggitilfcb hlrj` lr ifbu`fj`. Ih ta` tlddb` lr nlv`n`ft ta` jacif r`sists r`nlvcb, ncxinun hlrj` lh 05 F if gir`jtilf lh cfy plt`fticb sbigifd lh ta` us`r. Ih ta`cppby tlddb`ccfg ta` jacif cr` r`b`cs`g, taista` plsitilf witaif ta` `quipn`ft pcss`s ta` t`st. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt wa`r` cfy `ftrcpn`ft lh ta` tlddb` lr jacif ljjurs.
G.7
Hifd`r `ftrcpn`ft
G.7.3 Cppcrctus
Hifd`r rlgs, cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.3 G.35 5.
1:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
c) 1 nn ifd`r rlg
m) =0 nn ifd`r rlg
j) Cbt`rfctiv` jlnmif`g ifd`r rlg K`y
Z]
spa`rijcb rcgius
Hidur` G.35 ‗ Hifd`r rlgs
G.7.= Urlj`gur`
Cppby ta` 1 nn gicn`t`r ifd`r rlg tl ta` nifinun jrlss-s`jtilf lh ta` lp`fifd cfg rltct` it cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.3 G.33 3. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ih ta` rlg `ft`rs ta` lp`fifd cfg ih it bljks if cfy plsitilf wa`f nlv`g tarluda ta` jlfijcb crj salwf if Hidur` G.3 G.33 3.
Ih ta` 1 nn gicn`t`r ifd`r rlg pcss`s tarluda ta` lp`fifd, cppby ta` =0 nn gicn`t`r ifd`r rlg. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ih ta` =0 nn gicn`t`r ifd`r rlg pcss`s tarluda ta` lp`fifd cfg, ih it gl`s, fl cjj`ss sacbb m` div`f tl cflta`r ifd`r `ftrcpn`ft sit` bljct`g ct b`ss tacf 355 nn. Z`` Hidur` G.3=. G.3=.
17
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Hidur` G.33 ‗ ]ltctilf lh ta` 1 nn gicn`t`r ifd`r rlg
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Hcib
Hcib
Hcib
Uc s s
Uc s s Hidur` G.3= ‗ Hifd`r rlg cjj`ss
10
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
G.0
Jacif lp`fifds
G.0.3 Cppcrctus
W`st rlgs, cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.3:. G.3:. Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`s
Hidur` G.3: ‗ Jacif t`st rlgs
G.0.= Urlj`gur`
Cppby ta` 1,8 nn gicn`t`r rlg tl ta` jacif lp`fifd. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ih ta` rlg `ft`rs ta` lp`fifd. Ih ta` 1,8 nn gicn`t`r rlg `ft`rs ta` lp`fifd cfg ta` jacif lp`fifd is pcrt lh c jlff`jtilf cppby ta` 3= nn gicn`t`r rlg. ]`jlrg cfg r`plrt ih ta` 3= nn gicn`t`r rlg pcss`s tarluda ta` jacif lp`fifd.
G.8
N`csurifd r`mlufg `hh`jt lh c mlufjifd hcjibity
C jybifg`r-sacp`g w`idat wita c gicn`t`r lh (Ñ:85 ³ 0) nn w`idatifd (89,0 ³ :) kd is grlpp`g tl ta` d`ln`trij j`ftr` lh ta` susp`fsilf m`g hrln ta` a`idat lh 955 nn cs ibbustrct`g if Hidur` G.37. G.37. Wa` ncxinun a`idat lh r`mlufg is r`jlrg`g.
18
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Gin`fsilfs if nibbin`tr`
K`y
D> g> ag >
w`idat lh t`st mlgy, (89,0 ³ :) kd gicn`t`r ta ta` t`st mlgy, (Ñ:85 ³ 0) 0) nn a`idat lh grlp, 955 nn a]`M@ > r`m `mlu luf fgg-`h `hhh`j `jt t Hidur` G.37 ‗ Urifjipb` lh t`stifd c r`mlufg `hh`jt lh c mlufjifd hcjibity
14
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x @
(ifhlrnctiv`) Lv`rvi`w lh plssimb` `ftrcpn`ft situctilfs
Wcmb` @.3 ‗ Lv`rvi`w lh plssimb` `ftrcpn`ft situctilfs
3 = Jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds ] id ig Flf-r idig
C Talb` mlgy
: Ucrt rtiicb cbbby mlufg lp`fifds
A`cg/f`jk
acfg
@ B`d cfg hllt
H H i f d `r
8
X-sacp`s
Urltrusilfs
Nlvifd pcrts lh `quipn`ft
J h``t irst
Crn cfg
0
M A`cg/f`jk a`cg irst
G
7
11
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
D Jblt aifd
A Acir
3 = Jlnpb`t`by mlufg lp`fifds ]idig Flf-r idig
: Ucrt rtiicbby mlufg lp`fifds
7
0
8
X-sacp`s
Urltrusilfs
Nlvifd pcrts lh `quipn`ft
19
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x H
(ifhlrnctiv`) Ibbustrctilfs lh jcbjubctilf lh hr`` a`idat lh hcbb (HAH)
Hlr Wcmb` H.3, Wcmb` H.=, Wcmb` H.:, Wcmb` H.7 cfg Wcmb` H.0, ta` hlbblwifd k`y is div`f? Ncxinun hr`` a`idat lh hcbb Mlgy supplrt plsitilf (a`idat) Cpprlxinct` j`ftr` lh drcvity Hr`` a`idat lh hcbb hlr waija cf cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf is r`quir`g Wcmb` H.3 ‗ Ztcfgifd/Tcbkifd
Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s
HAH
ZT3
ZT=
ZT: ]ljkifd `quipn`ft
Ubct hlr n
J c r l u s `b
Ztcfg, wcbk
]lufgcmlut
] l j k i fd
:,5
3,5
3,5
Hllt
Hllt
Hllt/acfg
:,4
3,4
3,4
6 5,8
6 5,5
6 5,5
7,5 :,0 :,5 =,0 =,5 3,0 3,5 5,0 5,5 Ubcy `v`ft
95
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wcmb` H.= ‗ Zittifd
Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s
H AH
Z3
Z=
Z: ]ljkifd `quipn`ft typ`s 0 cfg 8
Z7
Z0 ]ljkifd `quipn`ft typ` 3
Zbig`
Zw i fd
Zbigifd
Zw ifdifd
]ljkifd typ`s 0 cfg 8
Jcmb`wcy trcv`bifd
]ljkifd typ` 3
]lufgcmlut ]lufg cmlut
]ljkifd typ`s =C tl 7
:,5
:,5
= ,5
=,5
3, 0
3,5
3,5
Z` c t
Z`ct
Z` c t
Z`ct
Z`ct
Z `ct
Z`ct
:, :
:,5
=,:
=,:
3,1
3,:
3,:
6 5,5
6 5,5
6 5,5
6 5,5
6 5,5
6 5,5
6 5,5
Jcmb`wcy
Z8 Jcrlus`b
Z4 ]ljkifd `quipn`ft typ`s =C tl 7
7,5 :,0 :,5 =,0 =,5 3,0 3,5 5,0 5,5 Ubcy `v `v`ft
Wcmb` H.: ‗ Acfdifd
Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s
HAH
A3 Bllp/rifd (b`ximb`)
A= Bllp/rifd (ridig)
A:
A7
Mcrr (ri Mc (ridi dig) g)
Mcrr (sl Mc (sln` n`rs rsccub ubtt)
Cr n-wcbk ifd
Dy n f c s t ij
A0 Jcmb`wcy (rifd, mcr)
A8 Jcrlus`b (rifd, mcr)
7,5 :,0 :,5 =,0 =,5 3,0 3,5 5,0 5,5 Ubcy `v`ft C rn-wcbk ifd
Cr n-wcbk ifd
Jcmb`wcy trcv- Jcmb`wcy trcv`bifd `bifd
93
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
HAH
A3 Bllp/rifd (b`ximb`)
A= Bllp/rifd (ridig)
A:
A7
:,5
A0 Jcmb`wcy (rifd, mcr) (:,5‚3,0) 3,5
A8 Jcrlus`b (rifd, mcr) (=,0‚3,0) 3,5
Mcrr (ri Mc (ridi dig) g)
Mcrr (sl Mc (sln` n`rs rscu cubt bt))
:,5
:,5
:,5
Acfg
Acfg
Acfg
Acfg
Acfg
Acfg
:,5
:,5
:,5
:,5
= ,5
3,0
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,5
6 5,5
Wcmb` H.7 H.7 ‗ Acfdifd/jbinmifd Ac fdifd/jbinmifd
Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s HAH
AJ3 Alrizlftcb bcgg`r
AJ= Glumb` jrlssmcr
AJ:
Cr nwcbk ifd
C r nw c b k i f d
Cr nwcbk ifd
:,5
:,5
:,5
Acfg
Acfg
Acfg
=,5
= ,5
= ,5
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,8
Jrlssmcr (ridig)
7,5 :,0 :,5 =,0 =,5 3,0 3,5 5,0 5,5 Ubcy `v`ft
9=
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wcmb` H.0 J binmifd H.0 ‗ Jbinmifd
Gin`fsilfs if n`tr`s
H AH
J3
J=
J:
J7 X`rtijcb jbinmifd (stlf`, f`t)
Hir`ncf's plb`
]lp`
Jbinmifd f`t
Dbigifd, jbinmifd
Jbinmifd
Jbinmifd
Jbinmifd
(7,5‚3,5) :,5
(7,5‚3,5) :,5
(7,5‚3,5) :,5
:,5
Hllt, acfg, b`d
Hllt, acfg, b`d
7,5 :,0 :,5 =,0 =,5 3,0 3,5 5,0 5,5 Ubcy `v`ft
Hllt, acfg, b`d Hllt, acfg, b`d :,4
6 :,5
6 :,5
6 = ,5
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,8
6 5,8
9:
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x D
(ifhlrnctiv`) Ibbustrctilf lh si`v` t`st
Z`` Hidur` D.3 cfg D.3 cfg Wcmb` D.3 hlr D.3 hlr cf ibbustrct`g `xcnpb` lh ta` si`v` t`st.
K`y
y x
junubcti tivv` % pc pcsssifd si`v si `v`s `s lh lh squ squcr cr`` cp`r cp`rtur tur`s `s,, if ni nibb bbin in`tr `tr`s `s Hidur` D.3 ‗ Ibbustrctilf lh si`v` t`st
97
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wcmb` D.3 ‗ Xcbu`s r`subtifd hrln t`st % pcssifd
Zi`v`s
355 355
nn 7 ,5 5 5 :,305
99 97 10 83 :8 == 33 : 5,7 5,3 5 5
= , 155 =,555 3,735 3,555 5,435 5, 055 5, :00 5,=05 5,315 3,3=0 5,595 5,58:
90
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x A
(flrnctiv`) Urlj`gur` hlr jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf Urlj`gur` cht`r ifstcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
FLW@ 3
Wais cff`x is flt ift`fg`g hlr hub hubby by `fjbls`g pbcy `quipn`ft cjjlrg cjjlrgifd ifd tl @F 33 334848-35. 35.
Cs sllf cs prcjtijcb cht`r jlnpb`tilf lh ifstcbbctilf cfg m`hlr` us` my ta` pumbij/prilr tl irst us`, ta` jlnpbicfj` wita r`quir`n`fts lh 7.=.1.0 salubg m` jlfirn`g cs m`ifd if cjjlrgcfj` wita prlo`jt g`sidf sp`jiijctilf, cs cdr``g m`tw``f ta` prlvig`r cfg lp`rctlr? c) Wa` lv`rcbb jlnpbicfj` wita 7.=.1.0 7.=.1.0 sacbb sacbb m` ja`jk`g my visucb ifsp`jtilf cfg n`csur`n`ft.
m) Wa` inpcjt inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd sacbb sacbb m` jlfirn`g tl m` if cjjlrgcfj cjjlrgcfj`` wita ta` sp`jiijctilf cdr``g m`tw``f ta` prlvig`r cfg lp`rctlr. j) Wa` taijkf`s taijkf`sss lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcj surhcjifd ifd witai witaif f `cja hcb hcbbifd bifd spcj` sacbb m` g`t`rnif`g cfg r`jlrg`g.
g) Wa` cjj`pt`g b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf sacbb m` jlfir jlfirn`g. n`g. FLW@ = Ta`r` ta` prlvig`g surhcj` r`bi`s r`bi`s walbby lr pcrt pcrtby by lf fcturcbby ljjurrifd slib slib lr drcss sumstrct`, sumstrct`, ta` jritijcb hcbb a`idat t`st r`subt wibb bik`by vcry lv`r tin` lr wita jbinctij jlfgitilfs. Cs ta`s` typ`s lh surhcj` cr` flt sji`ftiijcbby jlftrlbb`g, it is cgvis`g tl mcs` ta`ir lfdlifd us` lf c risk css`ssn`ft, rcta`r tacf ta` strijt pcss/hcib t`st r`subts.
`) Wa` r`subt lh plst ifstcbbctilf ifstcbb ctilf ifsp`jtilf sacbb m` r`plrt`g. ]`plrts sacbb ifjbug` cs hlbblws? hlbblws? 3) funm`r cfg gct` lh ta tais is @urlp` @urlp`cf cf Ztcfgcrg, Ztcfgcr g, i.`. @F 33 334848-3?=53 3?=534; 4; =) pbcj`, gct` cfg jlfgitilfs lf lf sit` lh ifst ifstcbbct cbbctilf ilf (t`np`rctur`, nlistur` `tj.); :) g`sjriptilf lh lh ta` inpcjt ctt`fuct ctt`fuctifd ifd surh surhcjifd cjifd cfg, wa`r` cjj`ssimb`, ta` sumstrct sumstrct`; `;
7) jlfir jlfirnctilf nctilf lh ta` cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf; 0) jlfir jlfirnctilf nctilf lh lh jlnpbicfj` wita sp`jiijctilf sp`ji ijctilf lh ta` ncfuhcjtur`r ncfuhcjtu r`r/suppbi`r /suppbi`r,, wa`r` cvcibcmb`; 8) g`tcib g`tcibss lh ta` jlfgitilf jlfgitilf lh lh ta` inpcjt inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd, surhcjifd , ifjbugifd cfy g`h`jts lms`rv`g;
4) jlfirnctilf lh lh jlnpbicfj` jlnpbicfj` lh lh ta` inpcjt inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd wita ta` r`quir`n`fts r`quir`n`fts hlr hlr inpcjt cr`cs (s`` 7.=.1.0 7.=.1.0)) if r`bctilf tl ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft(s) ifstcbb`g (hr`` a`idat(s) lh hcbb, `xt`ft cfg p`rhlrncfj` lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd); 1) ih cppbijcmb cppbijcmb`, `, c flt` flt` grcwifd ctt`ftilf tl ta` hcjt tact jritijcb hcbb a`idat t`st r`subts wibb bik`by vcry lv`r tin` lr wita jbinctij jlfgitilfs. Ih pcrtijubcrby r`qu`st`g c sit` t`st jcf m` jcrri`g j crri`g lut if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F wita @F 3344. Alw`v 3344. Alw`v`r `r,, ta` r`subts r`subt s salubg m` css`ss`g wita c risk css`ssn`ft, c ss`ssn`ft, rcta`r tacf my c strijt pcss/hcib t`st r`subt. It is r`jlnn`fg`g tact ta` surhcj` is div`f c r`dubcr visucb ifsp`jtilf tl bllk hlr sidfs lh gcncd`. Wa` hr`qu`fjy lh tais ifsp`jtilf ncy f``g tl ifjr`cs` hlr surhcj`s sumo`jt tl a`cvy us`, `xtr`n` jlfgitilfs lr ih vcfgcbisn is bik`by.
98
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Cff`x I
(ifhlrnctiv`) C‚g`victilfs
I.3
D`f`rcb
C-g`victilf? Fctilfcb g`victilf gu` tl r`dubctilfs, ta` cbt`rctilf lh waija is hlr ta` tin` m`ifd lutsig` C-g`victilf?
ta` jlnp`t`fj` lh ta` J@F/ J@F/J@F@B@J J@F@B@J fctilfcb n`nm`r n`nm`r.. Wais @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg gl`s flt hcbb ufg`r cfy Gir`jtiv` lh ta` @P. If ta` r`b`vcft J@F/J@F@B@J jluftri`s ta`s` C-g`victilfs cr` vcbig ifst`cg lh ta` prlvisilfs lh ta` @urlp`cf Ztcfgcrg uftib ta`y acv` m``f r`nlv`g.
I.=
Hrcfj`
Fctilfcb ]`dubctilf G`jr`` fl. 98‚33:8 98‚33:8 lh 31 G`j`nm`r 3998 3998 sp`jihyifd sp`jih yifd ta` sch`ty sc h`ty r`quir`n`fts hlr jlnnufity pbcydrlufgs
Zumjbcus` 7.=.1.0.:
Cff`x II, :, c) Wa` r`quir`n`fts lh sumjbcus` 7.=.1.0.: 7.=.1.0.: nust flt `fcmb` Wais pcrt lh ta` t a` g`jr`` ifgijct`s ifgijct`s tact ‒ta` surif Hrcfj` ta` ifstcbbctilf lh ta` `quipn`ft jlfj`rf`g hcj`s lftl waija jaibgr`f cr` bicmb` tl hcbb hc bb wa`f suit cmb` lf c surhcj` tact gl`s flt acv` inpcjt-ctt`fuctifd usifd ta` `quipn`ft nust m` jlv`r`g if suitcmb` prlp`rti`s, prlp` rti`s, hlr `xcnpb` mitun`f, jlfjr`t`, ncjcgcn, inpcjt ctt`fuctifd nct`ricbs„.
mrijks lr stlf`s.
I.:
D`rncfy
I.:.3
D`f`rcb
If D`rncfy, ta` hlbblwifd g`victilfs hrln tais stcfgcrg cr` mifgifd. I.:.=
Inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Wa` r`quir`n`fts lh ta` surhcjifd if ta` inpcjt cr`c lh pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft cfg ta`ir cbbljctilf tl a`idats lh hcbb cr` div`f my D`rncf fctilfcb bcw? c) Ubcydrlufgs cs str strujturc ujturcbb wlrks wlrks cr` sumo`jt tl ta` D`rncf muibgifd jlg`. Wa` ifgivigucb jlfidurctilf lh strujturcb wlr wlrks ks jcf lfby m` `hh`jt`g my D`rncf fctilfcb stcfgcrgs; stc fgcrgs; m) Wa` bcw hlr sch`ty lh `quipn`ft cfg prlgujts prlgujts [Crtik`b [Cr tik`b 3 D`s`tz òm`r gi` M`r`itst`bbufd vlf Urlgukt`f cuh g`n Ncrkt (Urlguktsija`ra`itsd`s`tz - UrlgZD)^;
j) Zp`ji Zp`jiijctilfs ijctilfs lh ta` D`rncf b`dcb cjjig`ft ifsur ifsurcfj`s cfj`s (DPX). Wa`y sacbb taus m` nciftcif`g cs div`f if Wcmb` I.3. I.3. Wa` cbbljctilf lh ta` surhcjifd tl ta` hr`` a`idats lh hcbb is fl mcrri`r tl trcg`. If D`rncfy ta`r`hlr` Wcmb` I.3 is I.3 is vcbig ifst`cg lh Wcmb` 7. 7.
94
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Wcmb` I.3 ‗ Nct`ricbs if g`p`fg`fj` lh p`rnissimb` hr`` a`idats lh hcbb Fl.
Zurhcjifd
nct`ricb c
G`sjriptilf
Nifinun bcy`r taijkf`ss`s m
Ncxinun a`idat lh hcbb
nn ≧ 855
3
jlfjr`t`/stlf`
‗
nn n n ‗
=
‗
‗
≧ 855
: 7 0
mit uniflus surhcjifd tlpslib t ur h Mcrk nubja
8
wllg jaips
‗ ‗ =55 :55 =55
≧ 3 555 ≧ 3 055 g ≧ = 555 ≧ : 555 ≧ = 555
:55
≧ : 555
=55 :55 =55 :55 ‗
≧ = 555 ≧ : 555 ≧ = 555 ≧ : 555 Jr it ij cb hcbb a`idat cs t`st`g
‗ ‗ =5 nn tl 15 nn d rcif siz` mrlk`f mcrk lh jlfih`rs
4
scfg j
n`jacfijc bby sar`gg`g wllg (fl wllg mcs`g nct`ricbs) witalut mcrk cfg b`ch jlnplf`fts, drcif siz` 0 nn tl :5 nn drcif siz` 5,= nn tl = nn
1
drcv`b j
d r c i f s i z` = n n t l 1 n n
9
lt a`r nct`r ic bs lr lta`r taijkf`ss`s
cjjlrgifd tl AIJ t`st (s`` @F 3344) 3344 )
c Urlp`rby pr`pcr`g surhcjifd nct`ricb nct`ricb hlr us` if jaibgr`f’ jaibgr`f’ss pbcydrlufgs. m Hlr blls` pcrtijubct` nct`ricb, 355 355 nn cr` tl m` cgg`g tl ta` nifinun g`pta tl jlnp`fsct` hlr hlr gispbcj`n`ft gispbcj`n`ft (s`` (s`` 7.=.1.0.3). 7.=.1.0.3). j
Fl sibty lr jbcy pcrtijb`s pcrtijb`s.. Drcif siz` jcf m` ig`ftii`g my us` lh c si`v` t`st, suja cs @F 9::‚3. 9::‚3.
g
Z`` 7.=.1.0.= 7.=.1.0.=,, FLW@ =.
91
MZ @F 3348-3?=534
Fctilfcb Cff`x FC
(flrnctiv`) PK r`quir`n`fts? prlj`gur` hlr jlfirnifd ta` cg`quct` b`v`b b`v `b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf cht`r ifstcbbctilf ifs tcbbctilf lh inpcjt ctt`fuctifd surhcjifd
Zidfiijcft jacfd`s if ta` r`quir`n`fts hlr t`stifd ta` inpcjt ctt`fuctilf (cmslrmifd) lh pbcydrlufg surhcjifd acv` m``f iftrlguj`g iftl tais `gitilf lh ta` stcfgcrg (jbcus` 0.=) tl r`b`jt fctilfcb vcrictilfs if surhcjifd prlvisilf. Wa` PK prlvig` if tais Fctilfcb Cff`x r`quir`n`fts tl r`pbcj` Cff`x A; ta`s` r`b`jt jurr`ft prcjtij` tact acv` g`nlfstrct`g lv`r lv`r ta` bih`tin` lh ta` jurr`ft stcfgcrg tl m` r`cslfcmb` cfg prlplrtilfct` prlplrtilfct`.. FC.3
W`stifd lr jlfirnctilf lh ta` surhcj` inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s, cht`r ifstcbbctilf, is flt c r`quir`n`ft lh tais PK Fctilfcb Cff`x. It is strlfdby cgvis`g tact ta` lp`rctlr jlfirns tact cfy surhcjifd prlvig`g acs cf cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf hlr ta` jritijcb hcbb a`idat lh ta` pbcydrlufg `quipn`ft; tais salubg m` jlfirn`g my c j`rtiijct` lh t`st hrln c PKCZ r`dist`r`g bcmlrctlry. HlrtlUlst Ifstcbbctilf jlfsig`r`g lh ta`lhsurhcj` cfg prlvig`g ta` lp`rctlr, hlrIfsp`jtilfs, jlnpcrislfta` tl tais lridifcbg`pta j`rtiijct` t`st. salubg m` csj`rtcif`g Hlr cbb surhcjifd it is inplrtcft tact cf cg`quct` b`v`b lh inpcjt ctt`fuctilf hlr ta` jritijcb hcbb a`idat m` nciftcif`g. If ta` ifstcfj`s lh blls` ibb surhcj`s, jlfirnctilf salubg m` ufg`rtck`f hr`qu`ftby cs ta`s` surhcj`s wibb jlnpcjt cfg gisp`rs` r`gujifd ta`ir g`pta cfg inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s gurifd flrncb us`. Zln` prlgujts r`by uplf c jlnmifctilf lh ta` prlgujt cfg ta` surhcj` lf waija ta`y cr` ifstcbb`g tl cjai`v` ta`ir jritijcb hcbb a`idat, suja cs wita ta` us` lh drcss. Wa` hlrnctilf surhcj`, `.d. ta` slib, lf waija ta`s` prlgujts cr` ifstcbb`g jcf vcry hrln bljctilf tl bljctilf. Wa`ir jritijcb hcbb a`idat prlp`rti`s jcf m` cggitilfcbby chh`jt`g my jbinct`, nlistur` cfg jlnpcjtilf lh ta`ir hlrnctilf surhcj`. Wa`ir lv`rcbb inpcjt ctt`fuctifd prlp`rti`s ta`r`hlr` jcfflt m` ducrcft``g my j`rtiijctilf. W`stifd lf sit` if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F 3344, 3344, wibb lfby prlvig` cf ifgijctiv`, jritijcb hcbb a`idat p`rhlrncfj`. Bcmlrctlry Bcmlrctl ry t`stifd t`st ifd ta` surhcj` surh cj` nluft`g `b`n`f `b`n`ft,t, jlnpb`t` wita cfy ixifds i xifds if cjjlrgcfj` wita @F wita @F 3344 3344,, wibb prlvig` c jritijcb hcbb hcb b a`idat cs t`st`g lf jlfjr`t`, cbtaluda tais idur` wibb tck` t ck` fl cjjluft cjjluft lh cfy m`f`it prlvig`g my ta` sit` sp`jiij hlrnctilf surhcj`. Drcss cblf`, lf pbcydrlufgs, jcf, wita c blw ift`fsity lh us`, m` sujj`sshubby us`g m`blw cfg crlufg pbcy `quipn`ft, `quipn`ft, r`nlvifd r`nlvifd ta` f`j`ssi f`j`ssity ty tl ifstcbb ifst cbb sp`jicbist sp`jicbis t Inpcjt Ctt`fuctifd Zurhcj`s. •
Wa` ncxinun hcbb a`idat lh ta` `quipn`ft is b`ss tacf 3055 3055 nn.
•
Wa` drcss sacbb acv` ct b`cst 305 305 nn lh tlp slib m`f`cta it. FLW@ C r`cslfcmb` `vcbuctilf ncy m` ncg` my pusaifd v`rtijcbby my acfg iftl ta` drlufg d rlufg c taif prlm`, suja cs c sjr`wgriv`r, tl c g`pta lh 305 nn ct r`dubcr r`dubc r cfg hr`qu`ft bljctilfs, witalut it m`ifd inp`g`g my slbigs, suja cs stlf`, mrijk lr tr`` rllts.
•
It salubg m` `fsur`g tact ta` drcss wibb m` cmb` tl r`ncif tarludalut ta` y`cr y`cr cfg gl`s flt m`jln` nug lr mcr` `crta. `cr ta. Its inpcjt i npcjt cmslrm`fjy is g`p`fg`ft uplf uplf ta` rllts nciftcififd ncift cififd c flf-jlnpcjt`g slib strujtur`.
Drcss, `v`f if blw uscd` pbcydrlufgs, wibb flt sustcif ift`fsiv` us`. Hlr `xcnpb`? m`f`cta ta` j`ftrcb crj lh c swifd; ta` ruf lut cr`c lh c sbig`; m`blw c ir` idat`rs’ plb`; crlufg ta` lutsig` lh c jcrlus`b; `quipn`ft cjj`ss cfg `xit plifts. Hlr suja r`bctiv`by sncbb aida-w`cr cr`cs tl n``t ta` r`quir`n`fts lh tais stcfgcrg, lta`r surhcj`s tl r`pbcj` lr pr`v`ft `rlsilf lh ta` drcss cr` f``g`g, tckifd jcr` tact
fl trip plifts lr acrg `gd`s ljjur.
99
Wais pcd` g`bim`rct`by b`ht mbcfk
Wais pcd` g`bim`rct`by b`ht mbcfk
FL JLUYIFD TIWALPW MZI U@]NIZZILF @QJ@UW CZ U@]NIWW@G MY JLUY]IDAW BCT
Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs Ifstitutilf (MZI) MZI is ta` fctilfcb mlgy r`splfsimb` hlr pr`pcrifd Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs cfg lta`r stcfgcrgs-r`bct`g stcfgcrgs-r `bct`g pumbijctilfs, ifhlrnctilf cfg s`rvij`s. MZI is ifjlrplrct`g my ]lycb Jacrt`r. Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs cfg lta`r stcfgcrgizctilf stcfgcrgizctilf prlgujts cr` pumbisa`g my MZI Ztcfgcrgs Binit`g.
Cmlut us
]`prlgujifd `xtrcjts
T` mrifd tld`ta`r musif`ss, ifgustry, dlv`rfn`ft, jlfsun`rs, ifflvctlrs cfg lta`rs tl sacp` ta`ir jlnmif`g `xp`ri`fj` cfg `xp`rtis` iftl stcfgcrgs -mcs`g slbutilfs.
Hlr p`rnissilf tl r`prlguj` jlft`ft hrln MZI pumbijctilfs jlftcjt ta` MZI Jlpyridat & Bij`fsifd t`cn.
Wa` kflwb`gd` `nmlgi`g if lur stcfgcrgs acs m``f jcr`hubby css`nmb`g if c g`p`fgcmb` hlrnct cfg r`ffif`g tarluda lur lp`f jlfsubtctilf prlj`ss. Lrdcfizctilfs lh cbb siz`s cfg cjrlss cbb s`jtlrs jalls` stcfgcrgs tl a`bp ta`n cjai`v` ta`ir dlcbs.
Zumsjriptilfs Lur rcfd` lh sumsjriptilf s`rvij`s cr` g`sidf`g tl nck` usifd stcfgcrgs `csi`r hlr ylu. Hlr hurta`r ifhlrnctilf lf lur sumsjriptilf prlgujts dl tl msidrlup.jln/sumsjriptilfs.
T` jcf prlvig` ylu wita ta` kflwb`gd` tact ylur lrdcfizctilf f``gs
Tita Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs Lfbif` (MZLB) ylu’bb acv` ifstcft cjj`ss tl lv`r 00,555 Mritisa cfg cglpt`g @urlp`cf cfg ift`rfctilfcb stcfgcrgs hrln ylur g`sktlp. It’s cvcibcmb` =7/4 cfg is r`hr`sa`g gciby sl ylu’bb cbwcys m` up tl gct`.
tl sujj``g. Hifg lut nlr` cmlut Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs my visitifd lur w`msit` ct msidrlup.jln/stcfgcrgs lr jlftcjtifd lur Justln`r Z`rvij`s t`cn lr Kflwb`gd` J`ftr`.
Ylu jcf k``p if tluja wita stcfgcrgs g`v`blpn`fts cfg r`j`iv` sumstcfticb gisjlufts lf ta` purjacs` prij` lh stcfgcrgs, mlta if sifdb` jlpy cfg sumsjriptilf hlrnct, my m`jlnifd c MZI Zumsjrimifd N`nm`r.
Muyifd stcfgcrgs
UBPZ is cf upgctifd s`rvij` `xjbusiv` tl MZI Zumsjrimifd N`nm`rs. Ylu wibb cutlnctijcbby r`j`iv` ta` bct`st acrg jlpy lh ylur stcfgcrgs wa`f ta`y’r` r`vis`g lr r`pbcj`g.
Ifhlrnctilf lf stcfgcrgs
Ylu jcf muy cfg glwfblcg UGH v`rsilfs lh MZI pumbijctilfs, ifjbugifd Mritisa cfg cglpt`g @urlp`cf cfg ift`rfctilfcb stcfgcrgs, tarluda lur w`msit` ct msidrlup.jln/salp, wa`r` acrg jlpi`s jcf cbsl m` purjacs`g. Ih ylu f``g ift`rfctilfcb cfg hlr`idf stcfgcrgs hrln lta`r Ztcfgcrgs G`v`blpn`ft Lrdcfizctilfs, acrg jlpi`s jcf m` lrg`r`g hrln lur Justln`r Z`rvij`s t`cn.
Jlpyridat if MZI pumbijctilfs Cbb ta` jlft`ft if MZI pumbijctilfs, ifjbugifd Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs, is ta` prlp`rty lh cfg jlpyridat`g my MZI lr sln` p`rslf lr `ftity tact lwfs jlpyridat if ta` ifhlrnctilf us`g (suja cs ta` ift`rfctilfcb stcfgcrgizctilf mlgi`s) cfg acs hlrncbby bij`fs`g suja ifhlrnctilf tl MZI hlr jlnn`rjicb pumbijctilf cfg us`. Zcv` hlr ta` prlvisilfs m`blw, ylu ncy flt trcfsh`r, sacr` lr giss`nifct` cfy plrtilf lh ta` stcfgcrg tl cfy lta`r p`rslf. Ylu ncy flt cgcpt, gistrimut`, jlnn`rjicbby `xpblit, lr pumbijby gispbcy ta` stcfgcrg lr cfy plrtilf ta`r`lh if cfy ncff`r wactsl`v`r witalut MZI’s prilr writt`f jlfs`ft.
Ztlrifd cfg usifd stcfgcrgs Ztcfgcrgs purjacs`g if slht jlpy hlrnct? •
C Mritisa Ztcfgcrg purjacs`g if slht jlpy hlrnct is bij`fs`g tl c slb` fcn`g us`r hlr p`rslfcb lr ift`rfcb jlnpcfy us` lfby.
•
Wa` stcfgcrg ncy m` stlr`g lf nlr` tacf 3 g`vij` prlvig`g tact it is cjj`ssimb` my ta` slb` fcn`g us`r lfby cfg tact lfby 3 jlpy is cjj`ss`g ct cfy lf` tin`.
•
C sifdb` pcp`r jlpy ncy m` prift`g hlr p`rslfcb lr ift`rfcb jlnpcfy us` lfby.
Ztcfgcrgs purjacs`g if acrg jlpy hlrnct? •
C Mritisa Ztcfgcrg purjacs`g if acrg jlpy hlrnct is hlr p`rslfcb lr ift`rfcb jlnpcfy us` lfby.
•
It ncy flt m` hurta`r r`prlguj`g ‚ if cfy hlrnct ‚ tl jr`ct` cf cggitilfcb jlpy. Wais ifjbug`s sjcffifd lh ta` gljun`ft.
Ih ylu f``g nlr` tacf 3 jlpy lh ta` gljun`ft, lr ih ylu wisa tl sacr` ta` gljun`ft lf cf ift`rfcb f`twlrk, ylu jcf scv` nlf`y my jallsifd c sumsjriptilf prlgujt (s`` ‑Zumsjriptilf ‑Zumsjriptilfs’). s’).
Wl ffifg lut nlr` cmlut m`jlnifd c MZI Zumsjrimifd N`nm`r cfg ta` m`f`ffits lh n`nm`rsaip, pb`cs` visit msidrlup.jln/salp. Tita c Nubti-Ps`r F`twlrk Bij`fj` (NPFB) ylu cr` cmb` tl alst stcfgcrgs pumbijctilfs lf ylur iftrcf`t. Bij`fj`s jcf jlv`r cs h`w lr cs ncfy us`rs cs ylu wisa. Tita upgct`s suppbi`g cs sllf cs ta`y’r` cvcibcmb`, ylu jcf m` sur` ylur gljun`ftctilf is jurr`ft. Hlr hurta`r ifhlrnctilf, `ncib sumsjriptilfsEmsidrlup.jln.
]`visilfs Lur Mritisa Ztcfgcrgs cfg lta`r pumbijctilfs cr` upgct`g my cn`fgn`ft lr r`visilf. T` jlftifucbby inprlv` ta` qucbity lh lur prlgujts cfg s`rvij`s tl m`f`ffit ylur musif`ss. Ih ylu ffifg cf ifcjjurcjy lr cnmiduity witaif c Mritisa Ztcfgcrg lr lta`r MZI pumbijctilf pb`cs` ifhlrn ta` Kflwb`gd` J`ftr`.
Ps`hub Jlftcjts Justln`r Z`rvij`s W`b? +77 :70 518 9553 @ncib (lrg`rs)? lrg`rsEmsidrlup.jln @ncib (`fquiri`s)? js`rvij`sEmsidrlup.jln Zumsjriptilfs W`b? +77 :70 518 9553 @ncib? sumsjriptilfsEmsidrlup.jln Kflwb`gd` J`ftr` W`b? +77 =5 1998 4557 @ncib? kflwb`gd`j`ftr`Emsidrlup.jln Jlpyridat & Bij`fsifd W`b? +77 =5 1998 4545 @ncib? jlpyridatEmsidrlup.jln
MZI Drlup A`cgqucrt`rs :19 Jaiswijk Aida ]lcg Blfglf T7 7CB PK
View more...
Comments
