BS 1139-2-2
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British Standard
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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BRITISH STANDARD
Metal scaffolding — Part 2: Couplers —
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Section 2.2 Specification for steel and aluminium couplers, fittings and accessories for use in tubular scaffolding
BS 1139-2.2: 1991
BS 1139-2.2:1991
Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-) to Technical Committee CSB/57, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Association of Consulting Scientists British Constructional Steelwork Association Ltd. British Steel Industry Building Employers’ Confederation Concrete Society Construction Health and Safety Group I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Construction Industry Training Board Department of the Environment (Property Services Agency) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association English Net Manufacturers’ Association Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors Health and Safety Executive Institute of Building Control Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Structural Engineers National Association of Scaffolding Contractors National Federation of Master Steeplejacks and Lightning Conductor Engineers Prefabricated Aluminium Scaffolding Manufacturers’ Association Suspended Access Equipment Manufacturers’ Association This British Standard having been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee was published under the authority of the Board of BSI and comes into effect on 31 January 1991 © BSI 12-1998 First published, as BS 1139, November 1943 Second edition November 1951 Third edition June 1964 Fourth edition, as BS 1139-2, September 1982 Fifth edition, as BS 1139-2.2, January 1991
The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference CSB/57 Draft for comment 85/15498 DC
ISBN 0 580 18899 X
Amendments issued since publication Amd. No.
Date of issue
Comments
BS 1139-2.2:1991
Contents
Committees responsible Foreword 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Page Inside front cover ii
Scope Definitions Materials Aluminium tensile strength, castings and hinge pins Suitability of fittings Fittings for close-jointed tubes Design of fittings Tests on fittings Right angle couplers made of aluminium Swivel couplers made of aluminium Putlog couplers Joint pins Sleeve couplers made of aluminium Reveal pins Putlogs Putlog ends Base-plates Adjustable base-plates Detachable castors Toe board clips Finish
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Figure 1 — Test for distortion of right angle coupler made of aluminium Figure 2 — Test for slip of right angle coupler made of aluminium Figure 3 — Test for distortion of swivel coupler made of aluminium Figure 4 — Test for slip of swivel coupler made of aluminium Figure 5 — Rig for slip tests on putlog couplers made of aluminium or steel Figure 6 — Test for bending putlog end Publications referred to
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Inside back cover
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BS 1139-2.2:1991
Foreword This Section of BS 1139 has been prepared under the direction of the Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards Policy Committee (CSB/-). Together with BS 1139-2.1:1990 it supersedes BS 1139-2:1982, which is withdrawn. This Section covers couplers and fittings not included in BS 1139-2.1 an d the requirements include those in BS 1139-2:1982. Progress is being made towards a full revision of these requirements, but as the major part of BS 1139-2 is superseded by BS 1139-2.1, it was deemed helpful to users to republish the remainder with the superseded text omitted. A new edition of Section 2.2 incorporating additional couplers and fittings will be published when the revised requirements have been finalized. The revision of BS 1139-2 comprises two Sections: Section 2.1 Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes. This standard is identical with EN 74 and covers the following couplers and fittings made of ferrous metals only:
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Right angle couplers Swivel couplers Sleeve couplers Loose spigots Parallel couplers Base-plates Section 2.2 Specification for steel and aluminium couplers, fittings and accessories for use in tubular scaffolding. The products covered and their requirements are listed elsewhere in this standard. The strength requirements are given in SI units in accordance with current practice. BS 1139 is now published in separate Parts and Sections as follows. — Part 1: Tubes; — Section 1.1: Specification for steel tube; — Section 1.2: Specification for aluminium tube; — Part 2: Couplers; — Section 2.1: Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes (Identical with EN 74); — Section 2.2: Specification for steel and aluminium couplers, fittings and accessories for use in tubular scaffolding; — Part 3: Specification for prefabricated access and working towers; — Part 4: Specification for prefabricated steel splitheads and trestles; — Part 5 1): Specification for materials, dimensions, design loads and safety requirements for service and working scaffolds made of prefabricated elements (Identical with HD 1000).
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In preparation
© BSI 12-1998
BS 1139-2.2:1991
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 6, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. © BSI 12-1998
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I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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BS 1139-2.2:1991
1 Scope This Section of BS 1139 specifies requirements for new steel and aluminium alloy couplers and fittings for use with scaffolding used as temporary structures on which persons work and which provide support for the plant and materials used in building, constructional, maintenance, repair and demolition work. This British Standard does not cover any of the following couplers and fittings which are made of rolled steel, forged steel, malleable cast iron or cast steel. Base-plates Loose spigots I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Parallel couplers Right angle couplers Sleeve couplers Swivel couplers The couplers and fittings listed above a re covered in BS 1139-2.1:1990 which is identical with EN 74. NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
2 Definitions For the purposes of this British Standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 adjustable base-plate
2.7 putlog a tube or other member spanning from a horizontal member bearing on the wall of a building 2.8 putlog coupler a coupler used for fixing a putlog or transom to a ledger 2.9 putlog end a specially formed end of a putlog, or a fitting for attaching to a tube, for locating the member in a joint of a wall 2.10 reveal pin a fitting used for tightening a tube between two opposing surfaces 2.11 scaffolding a temporary structure on which persons work, and which provides support for the plant and materials used in building, constructional, maintenance, repair and demolition work 2.12 scaffold tube tubing which complies with either BS 1139-1.1 or BS 1139-1.2
a base-plate embodying a screw jack
3 Materials
2.2 aluminium base-plate
3.1 General
a plate for distributing the load from a standard or raker 2.3 aluminium right angle coupler a coupler other than a putlog coupler, used for connecting tubes at right angles 2.4 castor a swivelling wheel attached to the lower end of a tubular column for the purpose of moving and supporting scaffolding 2.5 coupler a fitting by which a grip is applied to the external surfaces of two tubes and which thereby holds them together 2.6 joint pin
The fittings shall be free from flaws or other defects. Bolts and hexagonal nuts shall be of steel and of a quality that complies with BS 916. Materials shall be free from any impurities and defects which might affect their satisfactory use. 3.2 Steel couplers and fittings Steel couplers and fittings together with the metallic parts of castors shall be manufactured from steel complying with BS 4360, BS 970 or BS 1449. Where castings are used they shall comply with the requirements of BS 1452, BS 3100 or BS 6681. 3.3 Aluminium couplers and fittings Aluminium couplers and fittings together with the metallic parts of castors shall be manufactured from an alloy complying with clause 4. Any steel components of such fittings shall comply with 3.1 and 3.2 and shall be suitably protected to prevent interaction between dissimilar materials.
an internal fitting for joining two tubes end to end
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BS 1139-2.2:1991
4 Aluminium tensile strength, castings and hinge pins 4.1 Tensile strength Lengths or strips cut from selected fittings shall show a 0.1 % proof stress of not less than 154 N/mm2 and an elongation of not less than 8 % measured in accordance with BS 18. NOTE The alloys 6082-TB, 2031-TB and 2014A-TB of BS 1472 (formerly HF30-W, HF12-W and HF15-W respectively) comply with these requirements.
The 0.1 % proof stress shall not exceed 80 % of the tensile strength of the material. 4.2 Castings Cast components formed by sand or gravity casting
I shall comply with LM25TF or LM25TB7 of BS 1490. S B 4.3 Hinge pins ) c ( Hinge pins made of aluminium shall comply , y with 6082-TF of BS 1473. p o C 5 Suitability of fittings d e All fittings shall be capable of complying with this l l o Section when used with all types of tube that comply r t n with Section 1.1 or 1.2 of this standard, unless the o supplier states that they are suitable for use only c n with certain types of tube. U , 2 6 Fittings for close-jointed tubes 0 0 2 Fittings which are intended for use with , 0 close-jointed tubes (see note) and which rely upon a 2 frictional grip on the external surface of the tube y r shall have a grip extending over not less than 75 % a u of the circumference of the tube. They shall not exert r b a frictional grip on the internal surface of the tube. e F NOTE Steel close-jointed tube is no longer included in , BS 11391-1. a i s e 7 Design of fittings n o d All fittings shall be designed for fixing in the normal n manner for service as part of a scaffold. The I P maximum force applied to fittings, when in use, B shall not exceed 6.25 kN except where a greater load , o is specified by the manufacturer. n t a NOTE For information on the safe working loads for specific y types of coupler, reference should be made to Table 17 of i r BS 5973:1990 and Table 24 of BS 5975:1982. P g The various parts of the couplers and fittings shall n be firmly attached to each other unless the design u t n precludes this and it is impossible for the coupler or U fitting under load to remain in position on the tubes : y without all its parts. p o C d e s n e c i L
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8 Tests on fittings Tests on fittings shall be carried out by fixing the fittings to be tested to tubes that comply with BS 1139-1.1 or BS 1139-1.2 and which are clean, smooth and free from corrosion. If fittings are supplied as being suitable for particular types of tube (welded, seamless, or close-jointed steel (see note) or aluminium alloy) they shall be tested on tubes of those particular types. NOTE Steel close-jointed tube is no longer included in BS 1139.
For the purposes of the tests the fittings shall be properly fixed by means of the tool normally supplied for the particular type of fitting. The fitting shall be capable of passing the necessary tests without damage which would render the fitting, or the tube or tubes with which it is tested, unserviceable for further use in scaffolding.
9 Right angle couplers made of aluminium A right angle coupler made of aluminium shall be capable of passing the following tests. a) Test for distortion. The coupler, connecting two tubes at right angles and suitably prevented from slip-ping on the vertical tube, as shown in Figure 1, shall be capable of supporting, without distortion, a load of 29.8 kN applied to the horizontal tube. b) Test for slip. The coupler connecting two tubes at right angles, as shown in Figure 2 shall be capable of sustaining a load of 12.4 kN applied to the horizontal tube. During this test the coupler shall not rotate through an angle exceeding 10° from the horizontal. In carrying out the tests described in a) and b), the coupler shall be tested with each gripping surface in turn subjected to distortion and slip respectively and with the test load applied successively in reverse directions for each coupler position.
10 Swivel couplers made of aluminium A swivel coupler made of aluminium shall be designed and constructed so that the swivelling faces are smooth and in sufficiently close contact to prevent the connecting pin being subjected to bending stresses. This requirement, however, shall not prohibit a washer of adequate bearing area being interposed between the faces of the coupler, provided it is an exact fit on the pin and the coupler is not rendered less efficient by the use of the washer. The pin connecting the two parts of a swivel coupler shall be of steel and not less than 15.9 mm in diameter.
© BSI 12-1998
BS 1139-2.2:1991
A swivel coupler shall be capable of passing the following tests. a) Test for distortion. The coupler, connecting two tubes at 45° angle and suitably prevented from slipping on both tubes as shown in Figure 3, shall be capable of supporting, without distortion, a load of 14.9 kN.
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
b) Test for slip. The coupler, connecting two tubes at 45° angle as shown in Figure 4, shall be capable of sustaining a load of 12.4 kN applied to the vertical tube. During this test the coupler shall not rotate through an angle greater than 10° from the horizontal. In carrying out the tests described in a) and b), the coupler shall be tested with each gripping surface in turn subjected to distortion and slip respectively and with the test load applied successively in reverse directions for each coupler position.
Figure 2 — Test for slip of right angle coupler made of aluminium
Figure 1 — Test for distortion of right angle coupler made of aluminium
Figure 3 — Test for distortion of swivel coupler made of aluminium
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BS 1139-2.2:1991
I S B ) Figure 4 — Test for slip of swivel coupler made of aluminium c ( , y 11 Putlog couplers The shear strength of the joint pin shall be not less p than 80 % of that of a steel tube complying with o C The grip afforded by a putlog coupler shall offer BS 1139-1.1. d adequate resistance to horizontal slip or accidental NOTE Joint pins are not intended for use in positions where e displacement of a putlog. l l they will be subject to bending stresses or axial tension. o r A putlog coupler shall be capable of passing the t n following test. 13 Sleeve couplers made of aluminium o c Test for slip. The coupler, connecting two tubes at A sleeve coupler shall be self-centring when n U right angles as shown in Figure 5, and assembled plain-ended tubes are being joined so that an equal , as recommended by the manufacturer, shall be 2 length of the sleeve shall engage both the tubes 0 capable of sustaining a load of 1 .2 kN applied to connected by the sleeve. 0 2 the horizontal putlog or transom. , It shall have, in every position, a resistance to 0 NOTE A putlog coupler should be of such a shape as to be bending at least equal to that of any tube of the 2 readily distinguishable from a right angle coupler. y types for use with which the sleeve coupler is r a intended to be suitable (see clause 5). u 12 Joint pins r When used in tension, it shall resist, without b e A joint pin shall be self-centring so that in both the slipping, an axial load of not less than 6.2 kN. F tubes which it connects an equal length of pin shall , a engage with each of the tubes. i 14 Reveal pins s e Compliance with the above requirement shall be n The end of the reveal pin remote from the tube shall o achieved by means of an annular projection provide a bearing surface perpendicular to and d encircling the joint pin at mid-point. This projection n I shall provide an even bearing surface for the end of concentric with its axis and having a minimu m P width of 48.3 mm. B any tube which has been cut cleanly and squarely , and which otherwise complies with BS 1139-1.1 The means of varying the distance between the o surface bearing against the end of a tube and the n or BS 1139-1.2. The bearing surface shall not, under t end of the reveal pin shall enable adjustments of a normal loading, tend to bulge or otherwise distort y i this distance to be made readily, smoothly and with r the end of any tube with which it is in contact. P infinite variation within the limits of adjustment of g Each spigot of a joint pin shall extend not less the reveal pin. n than 76 mm on the internal surface of any tube u t which complies with this standard and shall provide The design of the adjustable portion of the reveal pin n shall be such that, when under load, the adjustment U an effective bearing area. : cannot be altered by the action of the load or by y Each spigot shall be capable of being expanded p vibration. o within a tube with which it is engaged so as to C provide an adequate grip between the tube and the d joint pin. e s n e c i L
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© BSI 12-1998
BS 1139-2.2:1991
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
Figure 5 — Rig for slip tests on putlog couplers made of aluminium or steel A reveal pin shall be capable of passing the following test. Test for deflection and slip. A steel tube 1.8 m long complying with BS 1139-1.1 and fitted with the reveal pin shall be placed horizontally so that it is supported solely by the frictional grip exerted upon the smooth, parallel, vertical faces of two abutments by the bearing surface of the reveal pin and the end of the tube respectively. Timber or other suitable packing material may be used against the faces of the abutments. A load of 2.4 kN shall be applied to the tube midway between the abutments and the central deflection measured. The deflection under load with the reveal pin extended to within 25 mm of its full working length shall not exceed twice the deflection under the same load with the reveal pin closed to within 25 mm of its minimum length. During the test no slip shall occur between the tube or reveal pin and the abutment faces. No permanent set, distortion, or other damage shall occur which would render the tube or reveal pin unserviceable for further use in scaffolding.
15 Putlogs A putlog shall either be constructed from tube complying with BS 1139-1.1 or BS 1139-1.2 or be so designed and constructed as to provide at least equivalent resistance to bending, shear and deflection. (See also note 1 to clause 16). A fitting, other than a putlog coupler, provided for connecting a putlog to a tube shall comply with clause 11 for putlog couplers.
16 Putlog ends A putlog end shall have an even bearing surface at least 76 mm long and at least 50 mm wide, measured from the end of the tube.
© BSI 12-1998
Putlog ends shall be considered to be subject to bending, bearing or shear stresses only and shall not be required to transmit axial pulls or thrusts. Detachable putlog ends shall be provided with means of securing them to the putlog without risk of being accidentally disconnected. A putlog end, when attached to or forming part of a putlog and supported only within 38 mm of its extremity, as shown in Figure 6, shall be capable of supporting without permanent set, a maximum distributed load of 4.4 kN over a span of 1.2 m. NOTE 1 As aluminium scaffold tube is heat-treated, heat should not be applied to them by welding, flame-cutting, etc., unless it is carried out under the controlled conditions of CP 118 since this may otherwise greatly impair the mechanical properties. NOTE 2 Where aluminium scaffold tubes are required to be flattened at one end to form putlog ends this work should be carried out before the tubes are subjected to their final treatment. It is recommended that putlogs with flattened ends be obtained ready-made from the tube manufacturers, except where adequate heat-treatment facilities are available.
17 Base-plates A base-plate shall have a flat surface not less than 232 cm2 in area, concentric with the axis of the shank, to which it shall be securely attached. The upper surface of the plate shall provide a smooth and even bearing for the end of a tube satisfying the requirements of this standard and be such as not to damage or distort the tube under load. The shank shall be not less than 50 mm long, and shall be a loose fit to allow the insertion of the full depth of the shank inside the tube. A base-plate, if of low carbon steel, shall be not less than 4.75 mm thick. If of other steels they shall have a thickness sufficient to provide an equal strength. Aluminium base-plates shall be not less than 6.35 mm thick.
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BS 1139-2.2:1991
I Figure 6 — Test for bending putlog end S B ) If provided with holes they shall be 6.35 mm The eccentricity of the centreline of the wheel c ( relative to the axis of swivel shall not exceed 64 mm. , diameter, situated diametrically opposite each other y at a distance of not less than 50 mm from the centre When requested by the purchaser castors shall be p o of the plate, and not less than 19 mm from the edge provided with an effective wheel brake that cannot C of the plate. be accidentally released. d e l l o 18 Adjustable base-plates 20 Toe board clips r t n An adjustable base-plate shall satisfy the Toe board clips shall be suitably designed and o c requirements of clause 17 relating to the bearing constructed for the attachment of toe boards to n surface and clause 14 relating to the means for tubular members and shall prevent accidental U , height adjustment. displacement of the boards. When in position they 2 0 When extended to its maximum working position shall not project sufficiently from the surface of the 0 2 the shank shall be capable of supporting a load board to cause a person to trip. , 0 of 59.7 kN without distortion. In applying this test 2 the base-plate shall be placed on a s mooth 21 Finish y r horizontal surface and the load applied through the Fittings shall be supplied untreated, unless a u seating on which the scaffold tube normally rests. At r otherwise specified. b the upper end the shank shall not be held in position e NOTE 1 For normal purposes aluminium requires no painting F or restrained in direction. or other surface treatment. Care should be taken, however, to , avoid prolonged contact with materials such as damp lime or wet a i cement, unless a suitable protective paint is applied. 19 Detachable castors s e NOTE 2 If fittings are stamped with a metal die the stamping n Detachable castors shall be designed and should be carried out in such a manner as not to impair the o efficiency of the fitting. d constructed to provide adequate strength, rigidity n I and bearing surfaces for their purpose. P B All castors shall be clearly marked with the safe , working load they are designed to withstand. Such o n load shall be vertically applied on the castors when t a stationary on an even and level surface. y i r The shank or socket of all castors sh all be not less P g than 50 mm long, provided the design allows for an n adequate transfer of the load from the tube to the u t n shank. Means shall be provided to prevent the U castor unit falling out of the tube when its wheel is : y not under load. p o The diameter of castor wheels shall be not less C than 127 mm. When tyres are fitted they shall be of d adequate section and securely fixed to the wheel e s centres. n e c i L
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© BSI 12-1998
BS 1139-2.2:1991
Publications referred to BS 18, Method for tensile testing of metals (including aerospace materials). BS 916, Specification for black bolts, screws and nuts, hexagon and square, with B.S.W threads, and partly machined bolts, screws and nuts, hexagon and square, with B.S.W. or B.S.F. threads 2). BS 970, Specification for wrought steels for mechanical and allied engineering purposes. BS 1139, Metal scaffolding. BS 1139-1, Tubes. BS 1139-1.1, Specification for steel tube. BS 1139-1.2, Specification for aluminium tube. BS 1139-2, Couplers. BS 1139-2.1, Specification for steel couplers, loose spigots and base-plates for use in working scaffolds and falsework made of steel tubes. BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip. BS 1452, Specification for grey iron castings. I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
BS 1472, Specification for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes — forging stock and forging. BS 1473, Specification for wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys for general engineering purposes — rivet, bolt and screw stock. BS 1490, Specification for aluminium and aluminium alloy ingots and castings for general engineering purposes. BS 3100, Specification for steel castings for general engineering purposes. BS 4360, Specification for weldable structural steels. BS 5973, Code of practice for access and working scaffolds and special scaffold structures in steel. BS 5975, Code of practice for falsework. BS 6681, Specification for malleable cast iron. CP 118, The structural use of aluminium.
2)
Obsolescent
© BSI 12-1998
I S B ) c ( , y p o C d e l l o r t n o c n U , 2 0 0 2 , 0 2 y r a u r b e F , a i s e n o d n I P B , o n t a y i r P g n u t n U : y p o C d e s n e c i L
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