Brown. An Aramaic method; a class book for the study of the elements of Aramaic from Bible and Targums. 1884. Volume 1
Short Description
An Aramaic method; a class book for the study of the elements of Aramaic from Bible and Targums (1884) Author: Brow...
Description
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PARADIGMS.
An Aramaic
in
Method.
Paradigm THE PERSONAL Persona] Nominative.
1'ROXOIX.
Personal Genitive or Suffix of Nouns.
A.
An Aramaic Method.
The Pronoun. THE PERSONAL
PRO.VOIX.
11
Ax Aramaic Method.
12
Paradigm Peal.
Ithpeel.
Perf.
Imp.
PI.
^PP
^Ppnx
2f.
^Pp
^ppnN*
2 m.
V?Pp
i^ppnx
2 m.
2f.
Pael.
B,
The
An Aramaic Strong Verb.
Ithpaal.
Method.
13
An Aramaic Method.
14
Paradigm C. Strong Sing.
Suffixes.
1
com.
2
masc.
3 masc.
2 fern.
rtop!
rtop
nri^ppj
nn'pDjp
Pe.Prf.3m. 3f. 2
?*op
in.
p
etc.
Same
as 3
f.
except that
it
does not take suffixes
rrn'ppp
2f. lc.
3 m.
PI.
^Pp
UP
nn'rpp
nrap
rn^Dp
ntep
rqw'ppp
rnin^pp
2 m.
xm^-op
lc.
tjv i^ppp,
Inf.
with epenth.
Tnf. j
T
f
Q
3fem.
I
f
vri
n^ppp
rt?t?pp
Ax Aramaic Method.
15
Verb with Suffixes. Plur.
1
fem.
com.
3
masc.
3
K#ra
pa'poj?
p^Pp
P^Pp
s^n^ppj
p^ppj
prf?Pp
P^PPi
of the second person.
xrn^pp
:
fem.
i^-on
Ax Aramaic Method.
is
Paradigm D. Verbs Pe Nun, Peal.
Perf.
3 m.
Aphel.
Ittaphal.
An Aramaic
Paradigm
E.
Method.
Verbs Ayin Doubled.
1"
A\ Aramaic Method.
18
Paradigm Pe
Guttural Verbs. Ayin Gut.
tint. Peal.
Pet. 3m.
F,
Peal.
15^
Pael.
I.uni'illi Peal.
Out.
An Aramaic Method. Par. C.
Verbs Pe Aleph and Pe Yodh. Peal.
If)
Ax Aramaic
20
Metiiod.
Paradigm H Peal.
Perf. 3
D»pn«
in.
3f. 2
nofj
2f. 1 c.
PI.
3
D-p'«,(n,K) .D'DK
(p)
iipp
or flQj5
Wjis
nppw 10pW
in.
NDp pnep
in.
Wpg
T
Wi?
3f. 2
,Dpw
nr\vp r
in.
Aphel.
Ithpeel.
(p>
np'pN*
i£*p#
N?pW finppriN
2f.
NCTtt
lc. Inf.
Dlpq
,Dp)D
,Dpp
An Aramaic Method.
2i
Verbs Ayin Vav. Ittaphal.
Polel.
Ithpolal.
Dprus*
opip
Dpipw
nppnN
nppip
iiDpipw
rrpoip
npoipnx
nppriN*
tfppip
jippipnK
nppflN
npsip
nppipw
ispip
npiprus*
KDOip prtppip
Nopipw pnpbipw
popip
[nppipw
xppm
Pcil.
3*9
etc.
&oppip
NsnnN
NSSiP
KODiDnN
DpriN*
opip
DDipw
pprus*
ppip
ppipW
^pnN*
iopip
i^pipnN*
etc.
wppip pppnri opriK
DOip! pppipri
opipn*
DQipN
f^^ipnn opipnx
pbbip"'
piDDip/r
DDipP
N*ppnp
opipp KDDipo
opipnp NobiDnb
3*r» etc.
Ax Aramaic Method
9J>,
Paradigm
I.
MlJUj
ouU.
Pael
Ithpeel.
Peal.
Perf. 3 m.
•to
3f.
t^Aru "/***{
,i
«
" f'"*~ /> « «
XUtamjxxA'
'
2
m
1
c.
3
m
3f.
.2m.
prf?i
pJT?iw
1
?)
prfci
ft)
k*&i
i
2f.
lc.
ft*
zzzi+z"V
7 .
Inf. 7,7 'J Jr.»
Imp.
2 m.
PI.
2 m.
2
f.
>f.
'
D-
N'-N-N^O T
:
T
"
:
'
HN^jriN*
,
An Aramaic
Verbs Lamedh Aleph. Ithpaal.
Method. AJ)K
~
23 l
.
Ax Aramaic
24
Method.
Nouns with Pronominal
Par. J.
Feminine Xoun. {n. j«*|
/
_
(the animal)
(the animals)
xnyn i
WITH SUFFIXES.
nvn
,;j 3 masc.
3
(animals-of)
com.
2 fern.
j
nvrr T
(animal-of)
KJHR
st.
Suff. Sing. 1
(animals)
nvn
(time-of)
Emph.
*•
(animal)
WW
TO*
rprp?
-pyn
WO
•rrirp;
nnvn
nnvn nnvn
rvivri t
fern.
T T
:
—
-
rlur.
1
com.
WW
T
T
T
*onvn T|TT •
'
rdnvn
2 masc.
:|t
I
2 fern.
3 masc. 3
\tTTyt.
suffixes,
pnvn
pnyn
Jinnyn
rinnvn • :
I
fern.
*The forms with Poesessivi
ITO
my
••
rnnvn
|t
rnnvn |T " I
•
:
time, thy time, etc., are sometimes called
A\ Aramaic Method.
Par. K.
^
Declension of Masculine Nouns.
Ax Aramaic
26
Par. L.
Method.
Declension of Masculine Nouns.
a.
Ax Aramaic Par.
M.
Method.
27
Declension of Feminine Nouns. 1L
Sing. Abs.
An Auamah
28
Mktiiod.
Paradigm N A. Cardinals from 1 to lO.
No. 1
With the Feminine Absolute. Construct.
With the Masculine Absolute. Construct.
in
-in
nrfrn
nr6n
-
IS
2
3 4 5 6
rtfEHN
Krai
n^ dn v
nnc
v
7
8
JTi6ri
9
n#rn
10
rnpj;
*nn
An Aramaic
Method.
Numerals. C. Masculine.
Cardinals.
29
An Aramaic Method.
30
Paradigm O. Prepositions with
Suffixes.
D3
2)«p
Singular.
Singular.
*7
in
in. f.
thee
ITD
in
him
H*}
in
her
f
|[
m. f.
H?
1
.H ?
to
thee
to
him
to
her
to
US
1
? ft-NJ T
myon
p$l p^s
to y ° u
(
Cm.
[in?]
™
1
me
Plural.
Cm.
m\
IT ?
in.
f
in us
m. f.
-
1
Plural.
[3.KJ3
-1^
»-j,l,
to
in
them
L^k—u.
/•
to
them
A rcim &S77cc.% Z.et
AN
Aramaic Method A CLASS BOOK FOR THE STUDY OF
THE ELEMENTS OE ARAMAIC FROM BIBLE AND TARGUMS
CHARLES
TART
I.
R.
TEXT, NOTES
BROWN.
AND VOCABULARY
521449 CHICAGO:
AMERICAN>UBLICATION SOCIETY OF HEBREW, MORGAN PARK. 1884.
Copyright,
1884,
by Charles K. Brown.
TO
OAKMAN
S.
STEARNS,
D. D.,
PROFESSOR OF OLD TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION IN
NEWTON THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION; THE TEACHER AND FRIEND,
THE PATERNAL COUNSELLOR AND FRATERNAL COMRADE, THIS LITTLE IS
WORK
INSCRIBED WITH RESPECTFUL AFFECTION
BY HIS PUPIL.
PREFACE TO PART
I.
This volume is intended as a Reading Book for the acquisition of the elements of Aramaic by the so-called Inductive method. For Part I. The term Aramaic is chosen to name "Chaldee," which is not strictly correct. The following pages need a word of explanation: To facilitate Introductory study, the Paradigms thought most1.
this reason, it is issued as
avoid the use of the
suitable to beginners have been inserted before the Title this (first) Part,
though they properly belong
to
Part
II.,
Page of
the
Gram-
mar. 2.
who
The arrangement
of the text will be helpful chiefly to those
are familiar with the
Elements of Hebrew.
Genesis
I.
— X.. of
Baer's edition, have been printed with the corresponding verso of Onkelos on the opposite page, in order that the student may see the elementary laws of Aramaic as they diverge from those of Hebrew. It is thought that,
part of the text a
under the direction of a judicious teacher, this
may
serve as a constant black-board exercise, with Whether this idea is a sufficient excuse, as
great saving of time.
it is
the sole excuse, for the publication of a
must be decided by the
new Chrestomathy,
practical value of the same.
These chap-
by selections from the Targum of Jonathan Ben Uzziel and from the later Targums. The Targum of Onkelos, being the purest Aramaic and, at the same time, a nearly literal translation of the Pentateuch, seems best fitted for the acquisition of principles; after this, the Biblical Aramaic may be studied intelligently, and its Hebraisms noted; and, lastly, the later and more
ters are followed
corrupt Targums
may
be read with advantage.
PREFACE. The text followed has been that of Walton's Polyglot* only readings plainly wrong (as the omission of daghesh-lene from the
A -pirates
after a consonant
altered; but the beginner
or disjunctive accent)
having been
must be warned that the
strict laws of
tone and syllabication do not obtain in Aramaic, though the different texts vary tions of text,
ing
is
much
it is,
in
in this particular.
some
Owing
likewise to corrup-
cases, impossible to say
an error, or a Hebraism.
whether
a read-
Critical editions of the varions
versions of the Old Testament are the crying need of the time.
The Notes include textual, grammatical and hermeneutical 3. remarks upon the text printed, including the Biblical Aramaic. Many of them are condensations from other authors. The writer is indebted especially to the late Dr. F. Weber and to Dr. E. Schrader in works to which reference is made. The Commentaries on Daniel and Ezra have also been of assistance to him and some use has been made of the translation of the Targum of Onkelos by Etheridge. 4.
same
The Vocabulary embraces brief definitions of all words in the Buxtorf, Levy and the Manuals have been used
selections.
freely but with occasional modification.
The author wishes to express particular thanks to Prof. William K. Harper, Ph. D., and Mr. R. F. Harper for important suggestions and untiring devotion to his interests, and to Rabbi B. Felsenthal of Chicago for confirmations of his own opinion in the decision of doubtful questions of etymology. With the hope that this book may contribute something to the advancement of Shemitic studies, it is offered to the student of them.
C. R. B.
Newton Centre. May
*
So closely has
this
25, 1884.
been done, that the traditional authorship of the Pales-
Targum to the Pentateuch has been left undisturbed, though this Targum in Its present [form belongs t" a date much later than the author of the Targum on the Prophets. (See pages 15, 46.) tinian
CONTENTS OF PART I.
Genesis I.—X., The Hebrew Text and
II.
III.
IV.
Genesis chap. VIII Targum of Jonathan Ben Joshua chap. Isaiah chap. VI Targum on the Psalms,
XX
V.
Targum
Pages Note of References to the Biblical Aramaic Targum Pseudo-Jonathan,
Parallel
Psalm XXIV Psalm CL VI. Targum on the Megilloth, Ruth chap. II VII. Notes on the Text Abbreviations Onkelos, Genesis I.— X Biblical
Aramaic
Other Targums VIII. Vocabulary Note to Vocabulary
I.
of Onkelos on
Page.
9—43 44
45—47 (Jzziel,
47
48—49 49
49—50 50—52 53—70 54
55—61 62—69 69—70 71-112 72
TEXT.
10
LIBER GENESIS.
CAPUT
nm own
* :Y~\xn v |t t
i"
I
-1
:
:
4
o^g ^:n
n
wrr ?) Dini*6 V
DiD-^
1
V
5
^dk*i j-
:
:
•-
*
g
p-»m F
Jv
;
^Tn
•
my-'rm d :|-
idn»i j-
1
- T
•
"r\bx < v:
h&ifo t-t
•
o*bn
kV -:
:*}:
:
yw vr D»rf?K
i^fi-ntf
"^
••
i
:
I
pN
I
12
-at -
I
v'Tv
:|-
•
Vt t
I
ny-m rh^ tnp
own nnntD D*fen
v
pam
It
1
|
-iHn ?** TV DipsJ T I
11
j-
-ip'n->rn :|-
••
J
%
|
j
|a-
^ dv
:
:
tyo rP*V? "rlt|t
:|-
|-
I
:
narn? d'H ?** D*rt^ *rn niK-rn
dv -iprrm \:\
"thn |t v :
5
9
:
^-^
")iN*n-nN*
nrrgo H#*f b?bn pa
mp^
rr
"THaoTm d»dh nim j
I
ST |
•
i.-
:
•.•:
:
1
s
-it
o^n^s* *op*i jtrt^nn pni •< ;• t| v
1
t
:
torp pa Ft? d»o vr7
«.
.
I
o»n^HPN**l :D?gn
3-)in*-\t
6
arot m?vr\2
oinn firm 'js-ty ^- nir'm iroit tan J" A
2 rrrn -
I
tf
D*rfrK v: a-
ru\* ;•
-
t
'.-
:
1
At t - -
v.'.'
t
dwi mp^i i-\:
-v
•
pkn Kgrjri D»ff?# 1
ia-ijnr ^ * :-
new* irtD ? „•-: •
nj.r^P w$ w% v. 1.
ha -:
:
f
p*?fi
toi o
11
LIBER GENESIS. 6^»'
CAPUT
xnm
"-Dip-p t:
t|t:
I
Noinn At
jt
•
N
l
N\3pnV t:|-
^stfrhy' "- joitfrn -:J"^t
:
••
:*niru-mm Niinr\T :n»q »3N-ty - -:*- ostto J" at w» iojo It» tr'nsNi nto-njrlnirti-rv " arm pai Hiiro _ - :-: j" at t
|t
I
r-
At:
i.t
-:
I
ji|:
» aopi
"*
t:
:
-:-
it
-mm n-W t-:At -
;•
:
NittrV7 Tt |
•
jjjrmm
it
:
t
:
t^
t
"*opi st|:
-rr:
amp!
:
-:
|v
j
:|-
•
i.
:
:|-
|t
1
1
t
I
:
t
•
:-.
•
I
:
|-
ftT
.
.
.
|
_
.
1
26
djn
^p*pv5
27 1
D'nSs4 Nnn^
pxrr ?^ 1
:
xn? rop:i Tjr in v k
28 jjiTi ;
;
- t
-
^5
b'p^n jyo>7 J ???
'j
:
t -
i • - t v •
:
-j-
v:
•
p^n-ty "- nfrohn v
1
s
:
:
|-
:
t
it
I
on irbstf? rrrr ? ^ jnr p? t iv ,v t -At ^-J" |t
Paradisus.
v
ly-nz T"
r:
|t
rprr-toi t it:
ith-^d t t
ia-nttfN v -:
I
?••
|
-^ ran Vty orbtrn fyiy- ??^ p&n rprr ?^ -»nn n^x ? ntry -cm bn&tt ™n T pn^a-n** rr»rr tvt 4
1
i
1
at
:|-
31
T
:
v
:
|
v
t
./.•
vjv
v
-:
t
I
rno-mni nbT -*m ino nra-^-nK bvfw *on :p :m ; itt
ngr^ j^- ?? nbngrrp
n'icp
:
:
npcmpNn-pn^HNn jnanxn vatt Kt
:
:
t
-
:
Dnxi pNrr!7# b'rfrg rnn> n»bpn
|?k
I
*!"
v
3
px o^x
-
|
1
jtji
j
did mirn iwy-by\ VJV ivt V
:
y&n rmr:»-•-
:
*?b)
nsy rrbnxrrfD T T - JT T T
jnjr nj$t$ 9
own nn^ n^x
is-^s-riN t v >••
;v
|t
|
n
*6
:
-i
:
:
$
:
D'rfrs?
bn^x nyv nbyn
bm ygi ^p v. 1.
Kvwj
1
?
3^1
'n
D17pJlN DIJin
(2D) 1
» -rv_ rib ? rvhrr fcn _. _ t t:
;
I
?
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:
jt
:-
t -
:
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:
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kT
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1
fir)
w^rm wvn 29
idni - ixvnit&y j ~t -
..
1
15
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:
9
16
jVCWnD
3)
(2
rrm
*
-ns»
^ ^™
n'wn ? p#o 1
prrnK
btp'oi
Paradints.
12
wn W»s -.iron Dtf :d^'so nyr^ Dc« niL) &onn pgn nrff| jipjn Dg>"")0? n'-nnri pi*
13
Dhion Nin
'°
D'rf?# niir njri :rn? nih
n
abbn rw •<
-"73
-
t
w
nirr jt
i6
n
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rratf>' t
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r
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it
A
I
^nnn nrr|rn Titjfc ng-jp
m^ py-pa innn DiKrrnN
l
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it
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dikjt^ Dnf?g fyv\ tym nig ugp ^pag D1J3 >a ugp ^axn tf? jnj nip hjnn ni*n nvo-N ? n¥frx rrirr* Hdn*i :Hibn m*? dinh itt J ^aaj prrfjp
^ap
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1
is
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23
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is
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at t
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1.511
n^-rayx rriTin ?3 din wi hn ina mn-^a Kipa-p DTfrg ?
nw din* jopi it
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m|?3p3 ipq
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:
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Jer. X.. 11.
roy A"^:
jo xp-w t -it
|
:
-
:
kw-h ,t
-
|-
:
:rt?x
* Daniel
*Ezra
•
IV.,
For the Longer passages
Hebrew
Bible.
IT..
in
DirV? pnoNfi wfahit tons t t - jrv: J I
nw' mnn-pi
4b—VII.,
8—VI.,
18;
:
Kjrttta
:
raw
2-.
VII., 12—26.
Daniel and Ezra, the student
ia
referred to his
S \M ny
p
k
[ruv Dijnn
GENESIS
wvn
S3 nn
nn
s->
8.
nnyoa
ro rv
«JTi^
^ porri rrn »
wrn
NDinn »#dq njinpxi roan
xin
hnt^ Nnra t:~:
dup"
frnp' ; nip
t
':
t
-n#j*i Nno»jro
npm
nrop qiDD n»d
Nfni»n t
*?#
5
pn»n|
4.5
p^m
rra ~t:
:
*om
» Tp-p
*
iTOF! *??#?
nin^to
n*d
2
njt;n »Y?#d k*b
mm
:
vnv pporn ~ •
I
I
*
:
±
:
np3#| [p»rj wrr m&\ N^T)p "in jqiD
1
Nirv ? ppv
Kyanp |om k^pin in xnro xmno njhk2 nus-ini amp p^ra nn k»oi rom xirf? -irn nan? ml? mj TTfrg rrv -y; pprn :
n
pjehk rpop rnrjvrn :*rviD *g>'n warrrSTB nnai 7 thpI nfam :-oin wn^n info n>
pp'v
n» :
m
kjtjn »Y?*#p
n't)
...
n'tw :Kjrw? '£Jk
mm
pwrf7 ••-!:
Kroarfr ••: t ..
-pw sm :
rv
w']
rfrtm
8 (
nrotpto
,-
rrnto Kn>£1 ftmv
_.
nm
Krtfv t: _
T
yy*o NrDDn
xm:i\n [a Nrg'v rv *03g£> rppiNi pp'v Nj/mc' did
nato «rn ntos wnjf?
nj-uv
rrmS nnNi &ani u
„,-
t *x **
^ny
46
jnjv D^-in
[3
^
j
p rmson
"niD 12
%t
N ?i wpgv rv 13
an^ ? 1
.
,ptoa "hdi Krqrjp p *?# 4
iyn K"?aM »sd rvfrK t t t *^
•
:
:
:
:
nnp» "Jt:
vr
kitiK ~ t :
*?a t
t
:
-
t
:
,!
:
1
5
!
1
"?i;_
:
8
n^ptri rpTsan* TjKom "pin jhi^i
rjo-i&p
*n^dp
1
ty*. [oi 9
nKairiK ? rfr#K jo n! npsn »h Knp»p ^p n:
^k
np>ni
Kjnp
xfr)
ioki
irrn
p">pnpp
5
ftgnp? fing ??!) ii
r¥?tf>
iw'o piWj pnn Koy ? 1
k*?i
'»Win Tp! niil'iKi
Djjpi?
kik kh nnpgi KSfrK ? 1
j»n;
pn Ksin n^ ? tstep
pyo# prrjfiKgi
1
piwisi
M *no*K ti! ^oki
:
pjrn
ko'p
prrr
"# nnpKi jpn ? pinvi ]w\n ptVH ?aO KTlp ^30 K*fD1 3W KE^K KIHK1 • t ~ tt "t 1
s *\
,l
:
:
t
v:
t - t
:
•
:|"
I
Di:nn
4o
r\m Nfiinv ^prn ncon >jp n! » prrri jnyni annn jfirrn pavn x;pnv aqpj; [p in np pi£?n#n :Njn*n ptp'pf? ppi *rrj£T)Q inpDi NDftpDl Napttp kxtc ?
12 13
1
p
xnto
N^p ? ppw 1
Njnr finip
1
N^'iipi xjnr n*f pn^iN* ?
pa« |#p "un
pnwi p^pn! ^STPPH :
PSALM •
•
:t
'•
:
t
*.t
t-
t
t
pi »i xcnpp n»p "no ? pp>
-
:
1
Dip;
>piN tfr\ *oi»jn
inpi nh\\»
1
'pap;
jn
24.
*t :-
:
:
:
i£ipr
n^p: ? DNp
PP4jj"vi£n :
ro*?J?p
"Wi ko^_
01
»^g
»
ipp j;#pi
*i£)N*
•
:
inNp±
:&w'Tip
topTfeti
p
Dip rr
1
?
t:
:KropiTK3
fg
rw'pj xyrft japt?
tf?l
Nn^vp NnpiVI
2p#:
pnroyj
^
n.-
^(jOMH
NnpIP
&
pj?pni N*n
t
pa'$h K^'IpP
fi'P
>
ajyjdi topT&ti
a-rop!
pa#n
9 *
Npip »pn ran
ro^rrn
PSALM
150.
KKrq rwv inap jw'-rpo rv:n
O\
:
* ,
Nrfw iroir
n^n «
Di:nn
so 2 m;;id tjtf
nvrirar TO"fa$D
ppjtv
Nniici Nnijppro
fw
3 rrjrv iratr'
n jirrnirfpa
WW! D^V? n*nj mac*'
ktopj ^a T
*OM TT-:
:
t
:
:
a
It
I
mn
~
:
3
rw'N
n
mtiai
rfrjri
h 4
-ina
T
jrap 1
*?#
I
:
n^i :
nhs
rnp^i
piatra
N^pn~ ruonx T t
n' ?
lOtto ttfQ
n?
^1X1 :»! Nfipto? H >l
1
"Pi N»o»Dn "iq*q ty_ ? T||q pstf? pfflin rwoja *?£ lo^nNi Nnriu riprjsn ^riiorj d# n-Djn ntvo'b p£» pnwi PP'pa frfrg
"?£ ">y
*!
"ffj
^
*px
"1^5
rpojr; Tprftrrj jppD?*i
nw
T»?
ftp;
sno^ nwu* ? n ?^ rj»d, as is said, in
of this sole abbreviation in the to
emph.. state, indicated by
X
Heb.
article,
"Ul
blowing
means
idea,
NITm
KHt'N
spirit, as
common
* *•
Sim-
v:
offered.
The
Xl^N-
This ending stands properly for the
.
comes
it
to be used, just as
used, without idea of defmiteness.
and
the icind
from
the presence
of the Lord was
meaning
for (TH- If some maintain, we have here the opening of an
to the
God
i
^"IN- — N^&V
it
The connection points out
etc.
sent forth by
is
:
satisfactory explanation
Targums has been
pronounce
but the state marked by
the absolute state 2-
as
T
No
t
Polyglot as
in the Paris
.
expressions render nlfT ^"TX-
Jews were accustomed
it
'{< **,
some other editions
."
ilar
as
this
Jewish theology, of
a personal, created being,,
to operate in the forces of nature
and upon the
the souls of men.* 4.
C^I^X.
II-
"\X)
Tsere written fully as often in the Targums.
fcOti^ herb whose son-seed
is
sown
i.
e.
such vegetable
products as contain in the plant the seed to be sown. the usual Targum-suffix for *
This
is
J"|
the opininion of Weber.
stinischen Theologie,"
page
184.
v\*XT)t has
•
See his "System dcr Altsynagogalen Palae-
Leipzig, 1880.
NOTES.
56
r)|T£)X Aph. for ri[5£)N-
12.
of Sh'va.
*nljf?
In the unpointed text
for *iy*?F\-
^KJHvfl
13.
Tsere frequently occurs
in
place
kinds*
to his
M wa s used
distinguish final *__ from . _ and then J< was inserted in place of 14.
prp
21.
iS
28.
N^nil- *_ for ShVa.f ppn usually ppfi in Onkelos.
4
31.
Chap.
to
\
with'them {yn\r$).
C'n"n.
II. 2.
Tsere for Sh'va.
V^*T*
form
Peel, a peculiar Pael
in
which
*
takes
The second Tsere
the place of daghesh in the second radical.
is
used interchangeably with Hireq as occurs very frequently in the several conjugations of Aramaic verbs. L,
See Note on
4.
D'n
5.
clearly erroneous. Read C^N") with the editions cited C'TJO' T
at
I.
n\**n and
'UH
ptD^p^P
8.
it
(breath) lecame in
9-
j?*N1 and{the)
'1JH
good and
evil.
XrT?"0 The
12.
tree the eaters
p.tD^H for
a talking spirit.
of whose fruit know between
p23fT
Punctuators adopted this pointing to avoid
confusing Qamets with Qamets-Hatuph.
The Berlin
not necessary to suppose witt Buxtorf and the
is
edition refer-
The Paris Polyglot has Holem.
red to has the correct reading. It
Adam
probably means here in the early time, formerly.
Onkelos misunderstood the passage.
so,
*
I. 1.
28.
7.
If
Hebraism.
N-
grammarians who have
followed him thai Onkelos has rendered exactly the Heb. (and therefore th it 'Hi
is
used
in
the
Targums
for n_>; for in vs. 21 he has
mistake in a form which makes the fad evident.
words which would be the same
in
scanty proof for irregular usage. t
form for both See note on VII.
So in Buxtorf and the Polyglots.
and Vienna, edition
I
am
1859,
Tsere appears as
made
precisely the
At best, sing,
and
same
on nouns offers
assertion based plur.
14.
In the editions of onkelos, Berlin, 1863
in vs. 21.
indebted to Rabbi Felsenthal.
For certain readings of the Vienna
GENESIS 1
TlDNl KITH!? ?
14.
ward
P^DNT J^NDI, t
')X\
•
I
its
:
:
**!,
*in
i.
c, to the front-
out
from
the tree
of those who ratine/
'
I
,
The Paris Polyglot has
fruit discern etc.
18.
East of Assyria
to the
of Assyria.
(this side)
17.
III.
so pointed,
means
1).
that lias been; but this introduces
Two
a singular turn of thought.
v3N as in vs.
other explanations are possible
(1) that the words are a corruption from the single word ^liT*!;
(2) that
^nQ ? 1
of the Paris Polyglot and other editions
is
the cor-
rect text.
rD^P.3
23. lical
in
Bib-
This verse seems to refer to the unfitness of intermarriage
24.
among near
relatives,
pp^np
25.
glot
more frequent
Peil, a Passive conjugation,
Aramaic.
and perhaps
chap. in. 5.
3.
p2"^"V
an idea not contained in the original.
probably should be Ithpe. as in the Paris Polyin
Walton.
m±n = nb $fr n. On
account of the sublimity of God, the Jewish
human to Him, much less an aphuman being. Hence the text must
theologians would assign nothing
proach to divine attributes to a
be improved wherever any such likeness 1
6.
{*s'?Dr)DX -
j"P-l
through
t t
it,
:
•
!'i
is
found.
either to contemplate
it
or to Leome wise
:
probably the latter.—
fQD^
as
though
*
had Sh'va
rather than Pattah.
Hebraistic plural.
7.
prif.
8.
&Ob*Qt
This term
Word.
*)£N and means the God when there is involved
derived from
is
:
It is applied in the Targu'ms to
This personal idea grew
the idea of His active agency in the world.
out of such passages as
Isa.
LV.
11.
At
first, it
appears in these
Paraphrases where the original contains anthropomorphic expressions,
but
mundane
it
soon came to be employed for
activities; thus, creation
God
in
His immediate
and judgment are attributed
to
—
NOTES.
58
Person,
tlii s
He
Redeemer and Protector of
the
is
Israel,
and her
prophets receive their commission from Him.
This Person
is
carefully to be distinguished from a mere messen-
God and from the Messiah of the Old Test. It must be remembered also that, while the later Jewish theology dropped the term as they did their idea of the immediate activity of God in the
ger of
world, the word
mean
JO^u*
really supplied its place, having
come
to
the personal representative of God, rather than the imper-
^1,
sonal symbol of His presence*
with Pattah as though be-
*1
fore tflgiT'TIl'"! for
10.
as if
iT?rfl
it
were
fully as so often in the Targums.
Such forms throw
with /I assim. ii.
y-n^H-j.
13.
jyjjDK
15.
'1JH
=
is
also written
Ithpa. from "IlDw
light on the so-called Ittaphal.
»XJ and >$$$.
fcOH he shall
at the beginning
Tsere
Peil.
jV"lEpN-
and
be
mindful of thee what thou didst
to
him
thou shalt be watchful of him at the end.
should read frnfitf.
19.
N")2N
21.
Onkelos wrongly interpreted
")^
as the part of
man
to
be
covered instead of the material out of which the covering was made. 22a.
A
circumlocution to avoid the theology of the original pas-
See Note on
sage.
Chap. IV.
1.
bad theology.
** t:
vs. 5.
DHp
D"Tp-?!Dt|t:
I
was
a
word very useful
far
from men
in the
His name could not even be pronounced, much supposed to
act in the help-giving
*"03 which
to avoid
t|t.
•
Jehovah was
way described
upper regions.
less could
He be
in the original.
4.
**03
7.
Will not, if thou makcst good thy work, there be forgiveness for
Urn *
.
for
mill, if thou tlost not
For
Weber.
a satisfactory
See
p. 174 sq.
is
found
make good
in
some
thy trek,
editions.
to tlu
day of judgment
explanation of this Jewish idea the writer of the volume already mentioned.
is
indebted to
GENESIS
59
VI.
thy sin is reserved, which will be exacted from thee, if thou do not repent,
and,
if thou repent, it will be forgiven to thee.
interpretation of Onkelos might he correct were
The
13.
it
not
for vs. 14 which shows that Cain seeks a mitigation of punishment.
See
*)£>£&*.
14. 16.
"!£•'£) in
Vocabulary.
Onkelos seems
ppip^.P-
to
mean
that this land (of the
HJ) was prepared for Cain in The Hebrew simply asserts that it was East of
wanderer and outcast, as he defines the beginning.
Eden. 20. 23.
man
The
|irQ"V
|JJQ#
for
suffix is pleonastic.
N j;X'-Nn iN t
,
have I killed that on his account
also not a youth have
I destroyed
for
KJ^^.- WN^ not a
I should bear punishment and
that on his account
my
seed should
be finished (Ithpeel). 24.
IN^jlN
26.
ItTT forebore, ceased.
for 'Hltf «>'e suspended.
T
Chap. V.
Compare carefully the Hebrew
of this chapter, note
the different order of the numerals and the plural pJJ*/ for the singular in Hebrew.
Chap. VI.
1.
IXHtf/.
We
must suppose
either, (1) that this is
a very irregular Peal form used like such forms as lit*'
Us
brew) or Vli*/ (after the analogy of the other conjugations); that
The 3.
it
is
He-
or, (2)
Pael, initial Sh'va having been substituted for Qamets.
editions, as far as consulted, unite in the reading of the text.
For ideas
mann on 4.
in
in the original
which Onkelos has missed see Dill-
Genesis.*
pHj^
for
' or '.— [iHilD |1^1 and
they (the daughters)
were bearing on account of them (the giants). *
In Kurzgefasstes ezegetisches Handbuch zum Alt.
Leipzig, 1882.
Test.
Die Genesis,
4.
Aufl.,
NOTES.
60
6.
nn0*03-
7.
jTDri-
11-
See Note to
III. 8.
Seghol incorrectly with \
|*2iOn
Some
robberies.
editions have the reading j'^lOfl
robbers. 20.
VfoW
Chap. VII.
for
' or
1.
*JDin. t: t
Other editions have the
'.
Dip
*
.
—
Hebrew
The Heb.
P*!?"?.
nouns and pron. of the 3d person r<
noun and takes suf-
originally a
t|t:
t|
fixes in the plural after the
the ending
is
latter.
Most
analogy.
article is
editions give
used with dem. pro-
in the sense of just this or this
ry.
14.
may
T\yfr
Dan. VIL'20 and 1(3.
be taken as plural noun with
Gen.
cf.
pJN protected
change of
a
I.
suff.
3d
f.
See
|*JJj{.
The
sing.
12, 20.
or sheltered
pj Aph.
from
J^tf or
lung into the corresponding short vowel with dag. forte,
or the reverse, and the consequent appearance of alternative forms,
which
is
of both
frequent
n¥ %
strictly that
and
j\JX
in
Aramaic,
is
illustrated in
Perhaps
fT^ from PlM is
from pj and that better perhaps, CO.} in Hebrew.
Aph. from
suggests an original ftrO-
or,
Hebrew by the use may be said more
it
JJJ
and
pjjtf
this
Cf.
the Aramaic synonyms C"l3 an d C*3^-
Chap. VIII.
3.
PDW
*
for tf according to the regular usage of
For Qamets read Pattah
See the Paradigm.— IIDfl-
the Targums.
with Paris Polyglot.
"Q1J3 which
13.
131.33 for
16.
p13 from pflj.
17.
WSy)
Inipf.
is
found
in
some
editions.
Peal from '£**£} with dag. forte incorrectly
omitted.
Chap. IX. 6.
11.
.").
tuTV'i'TUT-
fl3»jT#|)l Hebraism for JOiX'sDl Ithpe. Impf. from -]#K qi.
Ithpeel from
»V't!'-
rf
GENESIS TfiX1#5- Pael Inf witn
14.
-
X.
61
suff of lst Person. -
Mty becomes
before suffixes.
JT1J.1J7 T
pD"l- Paris Polyglot 'y\ (see Note to II. 12). noun some editions read "0*10 which seems preferable. lo'
For
.
24.
-|J/flN from ")1^.
27.
N^pp'-
this
In the Targums, the relation of the Shechinah to
God is such, that the former is simply men as the sign of the Divine presence
the Glory (Kip*, *1p*N) of the latter
made
visible to
and activity and personal communion with them. Glory
itself, for
den from
all
that dwells upon the throne in
but God, but
it is
It is not that
Heaven and
is
hid-
glory of the glory, splendor from the
At the same time, personal interGod and His people is maintained, and the Shechmade to dwell with them through the efficient action
splendor of His countenance. course between inah itself of the
is
Word.
In the later literature, there was grafted on this notion the personal idea contained in N"")Q*Q, this being necessitated by the exclusion of the latter from the theology.
only the splendor of
God made
The Shechinah
visible in cloud,
the mediator of the Divine operations.
is
now not
but also becomes
Its personal qualities in-
crease and at last there appears full-grown the idea of a Shechinah,
not merely active in Israel, but present in every place, and, through
God
it,
enters into any desired earthly activity, without vacating
His proper abode
in the
heavenly sphere*
8 and below Note on Isa. VI.
Cf above Note on .
III.
1.
Chap. X. 11. ^Dirn. A name given to a suburb of Nineveh from the broad squares of which it was composed. 25.
*
ru^snN
See Weber,
i.
p. 179 sq.
q.
nfrsriN.
—
—
—
NOTES.
€2
NOTES ON THE BIBLICAL ARAMAIC.
JEREMIAH Hebraism for
DiPl-
sound, as is
frequent in the Targums.
This verse
Chap.
V
NjTjtt
hanl
its
probably an interpolation made during or after the
is
The MS. 526
of Kennicott omits
II.
N
»1 f° r
il^-
II. 5.
for
in
The exchange
— }-DN* for p"lDN ,— il'pN- Hebraism.
DANIEL NHb'")
11.
for
appears in Arabic, passes easily into p.
it
captivity.
X.
fin— JO"IX
\NHC*> The
4b— VII.
it.
28.
as often in Biblical Aramaic.
Chaldeans of the Book of Daniel formed
the priest class of the Babylonian wise-men, later writers sometimes extending the term to the entire college of wise-men, and also gave
much
attention to astronomy and astrology.
meaning of the term appears ably
first
class, for
This limited
The name was
applied by outlying peoples to travelling
whole sec Note on V. 30.
quently in Biblical Aramaic.
changed to
X
of the
men
repre-
is
use to designate the people as
\lTw^2-
— Nlft?
as usually in the
reading of Baer, K"tfN
its
PI
for
as occurs fre-
for {<
jl^N
(1
i-
Talmud with the 3d
Part. act.
prob-
members
Babylonia (Chaldea) gave the sciences these
sented to the entire Orient* For a
Daniel.
first in
Q- *? f.
and jl
sing.)f
is
The
Various other explanations
f.
t: |t
have been offered for which consult the Commentaries and especially
Note by Fried. Delitzsch
OJIJHlnfl (0_ |U*"Tinn). preference
is
pf
in
tense characteristic. *
in the preface to Baer's Edition.
The
sign of the Aph.,
Biblical Aramaic, ,l
T0-
is
See 2 Kings X. 27
See Riehm Handivoerterbuch dcs Biblischcyi AUcrthums.
Schrader. t See
Grammar of Luzzatto
which by
often retained after the
p. 88.
Art. Chalducr by
— —
>
DANIEL Probably
n*tf*0-
6.
office
tiDHI your law, —^13N- In some verbs 9.
e.,
i.
'
I
See
or position.
the purpose of
all
v. 17.
of you
is
the same.
It
:
appears as
G3
II.
*
is
assimilated as J and then, conversely,
accordance with later usage, which occasionally
J, in
lowed the insertion to avoid doubling the following consonant.
al-
Cf.
vs. 25.
10.
Dblfl
Hebraism.
*?2V-
(0*111) sacred scribe.
See Gren.
XLI. 24.— flj^^ conjurer from v"|CO to breathe, the breath being employed in their incantations (This reading is to be preferred to that given in Vocabulary.) 12.
A
*p**)!l.
general term including the priests and other
learned classes in the realm. jinp..? for
13.
^pll
14. 19.
It
is
,l
'^.
1
?tDprip were being
7
Ace. with
?-
^J, according
*j
most
to
authorities,
better with Luzzatto to call
22.
$yn$.
25.
'"J^il-
Read
As
J
is
i
slain.
as direct object.
it
a passive participle.
is
Peil Perfect.
for
inserted, in
impure Aramaic,
to avoid doub-
whether dag. forte has arisen from J or not, so it sometimes employed to form a mixed syllable, where a simple
ling a consonant, is
•syllable
with heightened vowel would be expected.
See Note to Gen. IX.
26.
jflJfTlrfa
27.
pirj diviners or astrologers who pretended
destinies of
men from
9.
to
determine the
the place of the stars at their birth.
See Note to
30.
>Sj.
34.
nirjnn, np*jn
39.
iroi. q.in*o. JHfl from jftfH.
40.
See vs.
14.
vs. 19.
for
niunn, np*in.
Daniel became governor of the province of ")J0 np^t^flBabylon and president of the college of wise-men. The Chaldean 48.
kingdom was divided
into provinces (III.
2).
pJJD administrators
—
N
NOTES.
64
or vice-gerents (
In
4 .\
— hero,
the leaders of the wise-men.
gate of the king,
tht
commands
while his friends executed his
Chap. III.
2* The names The
certain etymology.
he resided
e.,
i.
See III.
the roya] court
at
for the
\
2.
rovincc.
of some of these officials are of un-
however, seem to be classed
first three,
together and to include executive functions while the others refer to judicial •
and financial matters.
N^jDTlu'n^
thi
governor-gen-
These were the chief representatives of the king
rods.
in the pro-
vinces and were set over them as administrators of their
The
derivation
is
affairs.
from old Persian and Zend [province-guardians),
Greek, Zarfxi-r/r— £$\3JD the superintendents, lieutenant-satraps. At first
the
for the
included spiritual and
office
most part
functions but finally was
civil
a military position.
— }
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