Brochure Petroleum

CHARACTERISTICS AND USES OF THE VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF PETROLEUM

Gasoline: - Mixture of hydrocarbons having variable boiling points. - Used as fuel for light vehicles like scooters, cars etc. Naphtha: - Insoluble in water. - Uses; to make shoe polish, cracked to make more petrol and alkenes. Kerosene: - Have variable boiling points. - Uses; as household fuels in wick and illuminant in lanterns, as pesticides.

Diesel oil: - Contains 8 to 21 carbons atom per molecule. - Uses; reduce friction between moving surfaces, prevent rust. Fuel oil: - Mixture of hydrocarbons with varying boiling points. - Uses; to run heavy vehicles, to run generators for providing electricity. Bitumen:. - Sticky, black and highly viscous liquid. - Uses; for roads and roofs.

FRACTIONS OF PETROLEUM

PETROLEUM AND GAS

WHAT IS PETROLEUM? Petroleum is a liquid mixture of hydrocarbons which is present in a suitable rock strata. It can be extracted and refined to produce fuels, including petrol, paraffin and diesel.

EFFICIENT WAYS OF USING PETROLEUM AND OTHER NATURAL FUEL -RESOURCES: Avoid unnecessary idling. -

Measure tire pressure monthly. Avoid carrying unnecessary weight Remove roof or bicycle racks when not in use. Use air conditioning sparingly. Use a fuel-consumption display. Use vehicles with more efficient mileage and exhaust characteristics or a substitution of fuel or raw material.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF NATURAL GAS: -

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Natural gas is a major source of electricity generation through the use of cogeneration, gas turbines and steam turbines. The natural gas vehicles are currently responsible for 23% of energy-related CO2 emissions. Oil and gas contributes RM111 billion to Malaysia’s Gross Domestic Product.

Petroleum has contributes a lot to the development of the national economy

CONTRIBUTIONS OF PETROLEUM: -

PETRONAS, short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad, is a Malaysian oil and gas company that was founded on August 17, 1974.

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The national oil company, PETRONAS provides about 40% of the federal budget in taxes, dividends and royalties. PETRONAS also provides subsidies representing potential revenue foregone associated with the supply of gas to the domestic power and non-power sectors at below-market prices. Since PETRONAS’ incorporation in 1974 until the end of 2011, it had contributed RM653 billion to the federal and various state governments.