Britton Robinson

 

WKC\GPYCNMN MWY^PMH NG IBCHG Lmiuhtmn ng Icgkicms Gsiughm ng ]uåecim y Lmremicm

Vmtraickmktg: Nr. Hucs J. Kuýgz \gromrm ]uåecia Lmremiãutcia Wkcvgrscnmn ng Ibchg Ia-pmtraickmktg: Nr. J. Bue`grta Nühz \. ]uåecia Lmremiãutcia Wkcvgrscnmn Mustrmh ng Ibchg

GY^WNCA GHGI^PA]WÅECIA NG =,> NCBCNPAVCPCNCKMY S YW PGMI^C\CNMN IAK GH PMNCIMH YWVGPÙRCNA  

^gscs ng ormna prgsgktmnm pr gsgktmnm iaea pmrtg ng aptmr mh ^åtuhahas ngrgqucsctas ]uåeciapmrmLmremiãutcia

VMAHM CYM@GH MPGHHMKA PCYIA \mhncvcm ’ Ibchg 0667

 

 

 M ec kcým Jasglm.....

 

 

 MOPMNGICECGK^AY

]ucgra mormngigr m Ncas par nmreg hm lartmhgzm g cktghcogkicm cktghcogkicm pmrm pangr hhgvmr m im`a gstm a`rm y pgrectcreg hhgomr m sgr ha qug tmk mkbghmnmegktg saýã.  M ecs pmnrgs qug scgeprg scgeprg eg ckiuhimrak ckiuhimrak qug gk hm vcnm bmy qug huibmr huibmr y trm`mjmr  pmrm hhgomr m sgr mhoucgk y iaksgoucr ha qug uka uka ngsgm.  M ec bgremkm Eùkcim, tus pmhm`rms scgeprg scgeprg lugrak uk mpaya trmkquchczmnar gk has eaegktas eaegktas nclåich nclåi chgs gs.. Jmvcgr, ec iaepmýgra mhgktmnar, eg gksgýmstg qug gk hm vcnm bmy qug  pgrsgvgrmr y qug iak gslugrza gslugrza tana sg pugng haormr. ]ucscgrm nmr uk sckigra mormngicecgkta mh Nr. Hucs Kuýgz \gromrm par tana gh mpaya y prgaiupmicùk gk gh ngsmrrahha ng ec tgscs . Wk mormngicecgkta gspgicmh m Yahgnmn @ahha, ormicms par hm pmicgkicm y ormk myunm qug eg `rcknmstg gk tana, sck huomr m nunms ka ha bu`cgrm pancna haormr sck tc. M  Mrtura Yqughhm y m tana tana gh hm`armtarca ng ng @caghgitraquåecim @caghgitraquåecim qug eg cktgormrak cktgormrak iaea  pmrtg  pmrt g ng su gqucpa y mpartmrak sus ormkctas ng mrgkm iak su iakaicecg iakaicecgkta kta y mecstmn.  M has naigktgs qug myunmrak gk ec laremicùk laremicùk pralgscakmh y pgrsakm pgrsakmhh gk gspgicmh mh Nr. Bue`grta Nühz par su ngncimicùk y par gksgýmreg iaea ng`g sgr uk `ugk lmremiãutcia, mh mh Nr. Pcimrna Womrtg par sus iaksgjas gk mqughhas mýas ng gstuncmktg nakng sg kgigsctm eís ng mhoukm pmhm`rm ng mhcgkta y mecstmn.  M tanms mqughhms mqughhms pgrsakms pgrsakms qug eg miaepmýmrak miaepmýmrak gk gh nåm m nåm gk ec pmsa par \mhncvcm, gk gspgicmh m _gkny Yu`cm`rg, Mhgxcm Omrrcna, Ecxy Pgygs, Ogrmrna Euýaz, Dmrckm Imstra, scgeprg tgknrík uk huomr gspgicmh par sgr ecs ormkngs mecoas. ]ucscgrm mormngigr m hm Wkcvgrscnmn ng Ibchg, Lmiuhtmn ng Icgkicms ]uåecims y Lmremiãutcims, Lmremiãut cims, par rgic`creg pmrm ngsmrrahhmr gstg praygita ng ckvgstcomicùk y m LAKNGIS^ par gh lckmkicmecgkta ngh praygita.

 

 

=. PGYWEGK

Hm prgsgktg egearcm ng tåtuha rgpartm hm imrmitgrczmicùk mkùncim ng has ngrcvmnas 0,< ’ ncegtch - 9,7 - nccsaprapch - > -( arta-, egtm-,  pmrm-) - kctramrch ncbcnrapcrcnckm y su rgmitcvcnmn iak gh rmncimh supgrùxcna.

^mkta gk egnca prùtcia (Gt/@r: 96/?6, DIh) iaea mprùtcia (NEL) y utchczmkna hm tãikcim ng vahtmegtråm ng puhsa nclgrgkicmh, has iaepugstas gxbc`gk uk úkcia pcia ng`cna m hm axcnmicùk ngh mkchha ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia.

Ngh gstunca iak ghgitrana ng ncsia ratmtarca, sg gstm`hgicù ukm ngpgkngkicm hckgmh gktrg hm iarrcgktg håectg y hm vghaicnmn ng ratmicùk, ha qug pgrectcù imhiuhmr has rgspgi rgspgitcvas tcvas iaglcicgktgs ng ncluscùk g ckncimr qug gh praigsa gs iaktrahmna par ncluscùk. ncluscù k.

Ng has gstuncas par iraemtaormlåm hcqucnm ng mhtm glcicgkicm, gephgmkna ngtgitar W\ y ngtgitar ghgitraquåecia, sg a`tuva has tcgepas ng rgtgkicùk ng imnm ngrcvmna y pasc`hgs pranuitas pastpast-rgmitcv rgmitcvcnmn cnmn iak axåogka.

Nmnm hm rgmitcvcnmn iak gh rmncimh supgrùxcna ng imnm ngrcvmna sg iakihuyg qug ãstas prgsgktmk uk patgkicmh glgita mktcaxcnmktg.

 

=

 

0. YWEEMPS

^bg prgsgkt tcthg egeary rgparts tbg mkanci ibmrmitgrczmtcak al tbg 0,-(artba-, egtmegtm-,, pmrmpmrm-)kctra )kctramryh mryh-ncbynrapyrcnckg -ncbynrapyrcnckg ngrcvmtcvgs mkn cts rgmitcvcty wctb tbg supgraxcng rmncimh.

Ck pratci (Gt/@r : 96/?6, DIh) mkn mpratci (NEL) egncm mkn utchczcko tbg Ncllgrgktcmh puhsg mkn iyihci vahtmeegtry tgibkcqugs, tbg iaepaukns sbawgn mk crrgvgrsc`hg sckohg pgmd, nug ta tbg axcnmtcak al tbg ncbynrapyr ncbynrapyrcnckg cnckg rcko.

Lrae tbg ratmtcko ncsd ghgitrang stuncgs m hckgmr ngpgkngkig `gtwggk tbg hcectcko iurrgkt mkn tbg ratmtcko rmtg wms laukn, ta pgrect tbg mssgssegkts al tbg rgspgitcvg nclluscak iagllcicgkts mkn ta ckncimtg tbmt tbg axcnmtcak praigss cs nclluscak-iaktrahhgn.

Lrae tbg bcob pgrlaremkig hcqucn ibraemtaormpby (BVHI) stuncgs `atb, wctb tbg ncang mrrmy mkn ghgitraibgecimh ngtgitars, tbg rgtgktcak tcegs al tbg gmib ngrcvmtcvg wgrg a`tmckgn mkn pranuit passc`hg past-rgmitcvcty wctb tbg axyogk.

^bg rgmitcvcty `gtwggk tbg supgraxcng rmncimh wctb gmib ngrcvmtcvg pgrects ta us iakihung tbmt tbasg iaepaukns ta prgsgkt m patgktcmh mktcaxcnmkt gllgit.  gllgit. 

 

0

 

9. CK^PANWIICÙK  CK^PANWIICÙK 

Has líremias =,>=,>-ncbcnrapcrcnåkcias ncbcnrapcrcnåkcias (=,>(=,>-NBV) NBV) sg bmk utchczmna mephcme gktg gk tgrmpcm mktcbcpgrtgkscvm. Gstas líremias sg ukgk m sctcas gspgiålcias qug pgrectgk hm eanuhmicùk ng has imkmhgs hgktas ng imhica, rgouhmkna ng gstm emkgrm hm gktrmnm ng imhica mh ictaphmsem (Dmtz M., =327). Ng gstm larem, hms =,>-NBV rgouhmk hm iaktrmiicùk vmsiuhmr pgrectcgkna uk egjar iaktrah ng hm prgscùk mrtgrcmh (ha qug gxphcim su glgita mktcbcpgrtgkscva). Mngeís, sak glcimigs gk gh trmtmecgkta ngh msem y ngh gspmsea cktgstckmh, gktrg atras (Ybwmrtz., gt mh., =32>4 _ckomrn H., gt mh., =33=4 Oaanemk gt mh., =33-NBV sustctu sustctucna cna gk pascicùk pascicùk > iak uk orupa mrcha, iaea gh lmremiùlara y par ha tmkta gsgkicmh pmrm hm mitcvcnmn lmremiahùocim. ^me`cãk sg hg mscokm icgrtm rghgvmkicm gstruiturmh m hm prgsgkicm ng orupas ãstgrgs gk hms pascicakgs 9 y 7 ngh mkchha. Iak rghmicùk mh mkchha ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia, sg bm gstm`hgicna qug ãstg prgsgktm ukm emyar pra`m`chcnmn bmicm hm iaklaremicùk `atg, pgrectcgkna ukm egjar cktgrmiicùk líremia-r líremia-rgigptar gigptar (Oahnemkk gt mh., =33=).

Var atrm pmrtg, sg bm gstm`hgicna qug hm axcnmicùk ngh mkchha ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia jugom uk rah luknmegktmh gk gstg tcpa ng eahãiuhms. Yu cepartmkicm sg ng`gråm m has scoucgktgs lmitargs:

 

9

 

•

Hms =,>-NBV sg egtm`ahczmk bgpítcimegktg m pmrtcr ng hm axcnmicùk ngh mkchha

ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia (@mmrkbcghe I., gt mh., =32-NBV. NBV. •

Yg bm gstm`hgicna qug gstg tcpa ng iaepugstas prgsgktm mngeís ng su glgita

lmremiahùocia mktcbcpgrtgkscva ihíscia, icgrtm mitcvcnmn mktcaxcnmktg (Emd ^., gt mh., =3304 \mk Íestgrnme L., gt mh., =330), hm qug tme`cãk panråm vgrsg mlgitmnm par praigsas ng axcnmicùk bgpítcim.

Has egimkcseas qug panråmk nmr iugktm ngh patgkicmh glgita mktcaxcnmktg ng gstms eahãiuhms, panråmk sgr has scoucgktgs:

(m) Egimkcseas qug ckvahuirmk trmkslgrgkicm ng ghgitrakgs y/a imrom. •

^rmkslgrgkicm ng ghgitrakgs, ngsng hm =,> =,>-NBV -NBV bmicm ukm gspgicg rmncimhmrcm.

•

^rmkslgrgkicm ng uk ítaea ng bcnrùogka, ngsng hm =,>-NBV bmicm ukm gspgicg

rmncimhmrcm. (`) Egimkcsea msaicmna msaicmna mh `haquga ng has imkmhgs hgktas ng Im0+. •

Gs iakaicna qug gh scstgem Imhica-imheanuhckm eanuhm hm mitcvcnmn ng ukm sgrcg

ng gkzcems qug pmrtcicpmk gk has praigsas qug ogkgrmk gstrãs axcnmtcva. Gk iaksgiugkicm, has iaepugstas =,>-NBV mh cepgncr hm gktrmnm ng imhica m hm iãhuhm gstmråmk `haqugmkna gstas praigsas.

 

>

 

Gk rghmicùk iak has glgitas mktcaxcnmktgs ng =,>-NBV, has gstuncas rgmhczmnas bmstm mbarm rgvghmk qug ãstas ka ngpgkngk ngh glgita `haqugmnar ng imkmhgs, ym qug gstuncas glgitumnas gk scstgems ck vctra qug imrgigk ng ncibas imkmhgs, bmk eastrmna qug gh glgita mktcaxcnmktg pgrscstg (Emsak P., gt mh., =333).

Var atra hmna, gstuncas rgmhczmnas gk gh Hm`armtarca ng @caghgitraquåecim (Artcz gt mh., 0660) bmk ngeastrmna qug hm cktgrmiicùk ngh mkchha =,>-NBV ngh Kcsahncpcka, iak mkcùk supgrùxcna gs ng tcpa trmkslgrgkicm ng pratakgs ngsng hm pascicùk > ngh mkchha ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia mh supgrùxcna iaea prcegrm gtmpm gk hm ngsmitcvmicùk ng gstg rmncimh. Ngsng gstm pgrspgitcvm, gh gstunca ng hm axcnmicùk ng =,>-NBV bm scna a`jgta ng vmrcmnms ckvgstcomicakgs tgkncgktgs m nchuicnmr has lmitargs qug mlgitmk hm axcnmicùk ng gstms gstruiturms y qug gstmråmk rghmicakmnas iak su mitcvcnmn `cahùocim. Yck ge`mroa, has gstuncas rgspgita mh egimkcsea ng axcnmicùk sg bmk `msmna gk iaepugstas iak ihmrm ngsvckiuhmicùk gstruiturmh ng mqughhas utchczmnas tgrmpãutcimegktg. Var ha tmkta, mpmrgig iaea uk ngsmlåa cktgrgsmktg hm imrmitgrczmicùk ghgitraquåecim ng kugvas iaepugstas gstruiturmhegktg rghmicakmnas iak mqughhas utchczmnas gk hm tgrmpãutcim mitumh.

Nmnms hms imrmitgråstcims qug alrgigk hms tãikcims ghgitraquåecims, mpmrgigk iaea hms eís ckncimnms pmrm gh gstunca ng praigsas rgnax gk eahãiuhms aroíkcims. Hm prgsgktg tgscs sg `msm gk gh gstunca ngh egimkcsea ghgitraquåecia ng axcnmicùk ng

 

7

 

ngrcvmnas ng =,>-NBV, gspgiålcimegktg sg gstuncmrak 9 eahãiuhms, tanms iak has sustctuygktgs gk gh mkchha =,>-NBV coumhgs, gxigpta gh mkchha mraeítcia gk pascicùk >, gh qug tuva iak sustctuygktgs gk P uk orupa kctra (gk pascicakgs a-, e-, p-)(Lcourm=). Yg phmktgm hm imrmitgrczmicùk ghgitraquåecim mkùncim ng imnm eahãiuhm, gstm`hgicgkna egimkcseas ng axcnmicùk ghgitraquåecim, gh gstunca ng hm rgmitcvcnmn ngh kúihga =,>NBV iak gh mkcùk supgrùxcna y lckmhegktg hm cklhugkicm ngh orupa kctra sa`rg has pmríegtras ngtgreckmnas.

P A

P5a-KA0   e-KA 0   p-KA 0

A A

A K B

Lcourm = :

0,-( -(arta-, arta-,

egtm egtm-, -,

pmrm pmr m-)kctramrc -)kctramrchh-

ncbcnrapcrcnckm

 M pmrtcr ng hm cklare cklaremicùk micùk qug sg a`tgko a`tgkom m gk gstm tgscs, sg panrí iaktrc` iaktrc`ucr ucr mh iakaicecgkta ng hms =,>-NBV gk iumkta m hms vmrcmicakgs gstruiturmhgs cktranuicnms gk pascicùk pascicù k>n ngh gh mkchha mkchha ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia y su glgita gk hms imrmitgråstcims ng axcnmicùk y par ha tmkta, gk su patgkicmh glgita mktcaxcnmktg rglhgjmna gk hm cktgrmiicùk ncrgitm iak gh mkcùk supgrùxcna.

 

<

 

>. A@JG^C\AY

>.= A`jgtcva Ogkgrmh

Imrmitgrczmr ghgitraquåecimegktg gh iaepartmecgkta mkùncia ng hms =,>ncbcnrapcrcnckms iak gspgicmh ãklmscs gk gh gstunca ngh glgita ng hm pascicùk qug prgsgktm gh orupa kctra rgspgita ngh mkchha =,>-NBV (arta, egtm y pmrm) sa`rg hm axcnmicùk ngh mkchha =,>-ncbcnrapc =,>-ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia rcnåkcia y hms cktgrmiicakgs ng ãstg mkchha iak gh rmncimh supgrùxcna. supgr ùxcna.

 

?

 

>.0 A`jgtcvas Gspgiålcias

=. Nchuicnmicùk ngh iaepartmecgkta ghgitrùncia mkùncia ng imnm =,>-NBV gk nas egncas ng rgmiicùk, prùtcia y mprùtcia (kº ng ghgitrakgs y pratakgs ckvahuirmnas, rgvgrsc`chcnmn, tcpa ng praigsa, gti.).

0. A`tgkicùk ng cklaremicùk migrim ng hm quåecim ng sahuicùk ng imnm =,>-NBV: gquchc`rcas íicna-`msg, pDm, zakms ùptcems ng pB pmrm rgspugstm eíxcem ng iarrcgktg y glgita ngh sahvgktg.

9. Gvmhumicùk ng rgm rgmitcvcnmn itcvcnmn ng hms =,>-NBV iak gh rmncimh supgrùxcna.

 

2

 

7. EM^GPCMH EM^GPCMHGY GY S EÃ^ANAY

7.= Emtgrcmhgs

7.=.= Iaepugstas gk gstunca

Gstas

iaepugstas

lugrak

scktgtczmnas

prgvcmegktg

gk

gh

hm`armtarca

ng

@caghgitraquåecim (Ymktmkngr gt mh, 0669) Vgsa eahgiuhmr: >6> o/eah Kaegkihmturm: 0,< ’ ncegtch ’ 9,7 ’ nccsaprapch ’ > ’ (a, e, p ’ kctramrch) ncbcnrapcrcnckm 7.=.0 Pgmitcvas

(m) Yahuicakgs Ya huicakgs tmepùk:

(m).= ^mepùk @rcttak-Pa`cksak 6.= E. Vrgpmrmna m pmrtcr ng ukm sahuicùk ng íicna `ùrcia 6.= E, íicna miãtcia 6.= E y íicna laslùrcia 6.= E, gkrmsmkna m uk vahuegk ng = H iak moum ngstchmnm.

(m).0 ^mepùk Laslmta 6.67E pB 9. Vrgpmrmna m pmrtcr ng laslmta íicna ncsùncia ncbcnrmtmna, ngh qug sg pgsmrak ?.63?2 o y sg ncsahvcgrak gk moum purclcimnm tcpa Echhc-], iaephgtmkna uk vahuegk ng = H. Gh pB lug mjustmna iak íicna laslùrcia.

 

3

 

(`) Yahvgktgs:

 Moum Echhc-] Echhc-] Gtmkah m`sahuta p.m., Egrid Ncegtchsuhlùxcna Ncegtchsu hlùxcna (NEYA) p.m., Egrid Ncegtchlaremecnm (NEL) p.m., Egrid

Atras rgmitcvas:

 Íicna iharbånrcia (9 eH ng gtmkah pmrm hugoa iaephgtmr bmstm uk vahuegk lckmh ng =6 eH iak tmepùk @rcttak-Pa`cksak. -

Vmrm vahtmegtråm sa`rg ghgitrana ng ncsia ratmtarca sg utchczù ukm egzihm @rcttak-

Pa`cksak/GtAB (?6/96) y sg pgsù hm imktcnmn kgigsmrcm ng NBVs pmrm a`tgkgr ukm iakigktrmicùk ng 6.= eE, pmrm ha iumh sg pgsmrak mpraxcemnmegktg 6.66= o ng imnm NBV y sg sahu`chczmrak gk ?.7 eH ng gtmkah pmrm hugoa iaephgtmr bmstm uk vahuegk lckmh ng 07 eH iak tmepùk @rcttak-Pa`cksak. `) Egnca mprùtcia: =66% NEL + 6.9>0 o ng V^@M 6.= E: Yg pgsmrak mpraxcemnmegktg 6.66> o ng imnm ukm ng hms NBV y sg hgs trmkslcrcù m uk emtrmz mlarmna ng =6 eH, sg morgomrak has 6.9>0 o ng V^@M ia iaea ea ghgitrahcta ng sapartg gkrmsmkna iak NEL. 7.0.0. Gstuncas vahtmeãtrcias vah tmeãtrcias

m) Gstunca ng gstm`chcnmn:

 

=>

 

 M imnm iaepugst iaepugsta a gk gstunca sg ngtgreck ngtgreckù ù su gstm`ch gstm`chcnmn cnmn gk gh tcgepa. Has gxpgrcegktas sg rgmhczmrak m pB 9, pB ? y pB ==, gk prgsgkicm ng huz y m tgepgrmturm me`cgktg, rgocstríknasg vahtmeaormems imnm 96 eckutas. Gh `mrrcna ng patgkicmh m`mriù uk rmkoa vmrcm`hg gktrg 6 e\ y =>66 e\.

`) Gstunca ng hm cklhugkicm ng pB:

 M imnm iaepugsta gk gstunca sg hg ngtgreckù su iaepartmecgkta ghgitraquå ghgitraquåecia ecia gk gh rmkoa ng pB 0-=0. Yg utchczù pmrm ghha hm tãikcim ng vahtmegtråm ng puhsa nclgrgkicmh, gephgmkna uk ghgitrana ng imr`ùk våtrga iaea ghgitrana ng trm`mja. Gh `mrrcna ng patgkicmh m`mriù uk rmkoa vmrcm`hg gktrg 6 e\ y =>66 e\.

Yg prgpmrmrak nchuicakgs ng 6.= eE, gk 96% gtmkah y ?6% tmepùk @rcttak@rcttakPa`cksak 6.= E (=6 eH) pmrm imnm ncbcnrapcrcnckm. Vmrm gh gstunca ng hm cklhugkicm ng pB, sg praigncù m ckirgegktmrha gk 6.7 ukcnmngs m pmrtcr ng uk vmhar ng 0.6 bmstm uk vmhar lckmh ng =0.6, utchczmkna pmrm ghha sahuicakgs ng KmAB. Ngspuãs ng imnm egncicùk, hm supgrlcicg ngh ghgitrana sg hcepcù iak moum y sg puhcù utchczmkna suspgkscakgs ng mhúeckm.

i)

Gstunca ng hm cklhugkicm ng hm vghaicnmn ng ratmicùk:

Var vahtmegtråm hckgmh sg rgmhczù gh gstunca ng hm cklhugkicm ng hm vghaicnmn ng ratmicùk sa`rg hm iarrcgktg håectg, gephgmkna gh ghgitrana ng ncsia ratmtarca. Yg trm`mjù

 

=7

 

iak sahuicakgs ng iakigktrmicùk 6.= eE, 96% ng gtmkah y ?6% iak tmepùk @rcttakPa`cksak, qug sg a`tuva mh gkrmsmr iak ãst ãstg g úhtcea m =6 eH, m pB 9, pB ? y pB =6.

Vmrm gh gstunca ng hm cklhugkicm ng hm vghaicnmn ng ratmicùk, sg praigncù m ckirgegktmrhm gk 066 ukcnmngs, m pmrtcr ng uk vmhar ckcicmh ng 6 rpe bmstm uk vmhar ng =666 rpe, y m pmrtcr ng mbå sg ckirgegktù gk 766 ukcnmngs bmstm uk vmhar lckmh ng =6666 rpe.

Iíhiuha ngh Iaglcicgktg ng Ncluscùk (N)

Ng miugrna m hm tgaråm pmrm ghgitrana ratmtarca, hm iarrcgktg håectg pmrm praigsas iaktrahmnas par ncluscùk (N) sg rcog par hm scoucgktg giumicùk (Ochgmnc (Ochgmnc G., =339):

0/9 -=/< =/0 chchce e 5 6,)

m 5 =.27?¿ P^ / km¿ ( Gp  ’ Gp/0)¿ L Ym`cgkna qug: 0.969¿ P^ / L 5 6.673 km: ghgitrakgs trmkslgrcnas gk hm gtmpm ngtgreckmktg, gs ngicr, =

7.0.9 Gstunca gspgitralataeãtrcia

•

Gstunca ng pB:

Yg prgpmrmrak nchuicakgs ng imnm iaepugsta m ukm iakigktrmicùk ng 9x=6-7 E, gk 96% ng gtmkah y tmepùk @rcttak-Pa`cksak 6.= E (=6 eH). Gh gstunca sg rgmhczù m trgs pBs ncstcktas: 9.64 ?.6 y ==.6. Yg m`mriù uk rmkoa ng hakoctun ng aknm gktrg 066 y 766 ke. Gh `hmkia `hmk ia gephgmna lug gtmkah 96% y tmepùk @rctta rcttakk- Pa`cksak 6.= E ?6% (=6 eH).

7.0.> Gstunca par iraemtaormlåm håqucnm ng mhtm glcicgkicm (BVHI)

Vmrm

imnm

iaepugsta

gstuncmna

sg

prgpmrmrak

sahuicakgs

ng

iakigktrmicùk 6.= eE. Yg gksmymrak ncstcktms praparicakgs ng hm lmsg eùvch egtmkah/tmepùk laslmta 6.67 E pB 9, bmstm hhgomr m a`tgkgr hm praparicùk eís mprapcmnm pmrm

 

=2

 

hms iaepugstas gstuncmnas, qug rgsuhtù sgr 6

-NBV 6.=eE.

 

0=

 

^mh iaea a`sgrvm gk hm lcourm 0, has ngrcvmnas pmrm-Kctra-NBV y egtm-KctraNBV ka sg ngormnmk gk gh tcgepa. Gk iaktrmstg, gh ngrcvmna arta-Kctra-NBV gk tanas has pBs gstuncmnas hm sahuicùk gs ckgstm`hg. Ya`rg hm `msg ng gstas rgsuhtmnas, sg ngicncù qug pmrm gh ngrcvmna arta-Kctra-NBV ka sg trm`mjmråm eís mhhí ng =6 eckutas iak hm sahuicùk, pmrm ha iumh imnm = ukcnmn ng pB sg prgpmrù ukm kugvm sahuicùk (gk gh gstunca ng pB), mngeís sg pratgocù hm sahuicùk ng hm huz y sg iaksgrvù gk bcgha gktrg imnm egncicùk.

=,>-ncbc -ncbcnrapcrc nrapcrcnckms nckms

^anms hms =,>-NBV lugrak gstuncmnms gk sahuicùk tmepùk @rcttak-Pa`cksak 6.=E : gtmkah (?6:96)4 m ukm iakigktrmicùk ng 6.= eE, gephgmkna ghgitrana ng imr`ùk våtrga, iak hm tãikcim ng \ahtmegtråm ng Vuhsa Nclgrgkicmh. Gk prcegr tãrecka sg glgituù uk gstunca sa`rg hm cklhugkicm ngh pB gk hm axcnmicùk ng has trgs ngrcvmnas. Has iaepugstas eastrmrak ukm rgspugstm vahtmeãtrcim `cgk nglckcnm, a`sgrvíknasg sùha ukm sgýmh mkùncim gk gh rmkoa ng patgkicmh gktrg >66 y =066 e\.

Gk hm lcourm 9 sg eugstrmk has vahtmeaormems ng has trgs ngrcvmnas m 9 pBs ncstcktas, mprgicíknasg par uk hmna pcias `cgk nglckcnas has qug m egncnm qug muegktm gh pB, sulrgk uk ngsphmzmecgkta bmicm patgkicmhgs egkargs. Gsta pgrectg ngnuicr qug gk egnca mhimhcka gstas pranuitas sak eís líichgs ng axcnmr.

 

00

 

?

 pB  pB 9  pB  pB ?  pB =6

m)

< 7 > c /· M

c/· M

9

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?

 pB 9  pB ?  pB =6

?

<

<

7

7

>

c / · M

9

0

0

=

=

6

6

066 >66 9 0 = 6

6 6

066

>66 66

sg gkiugktrmk rgprgsgktmnas gh patgkicmh ng pcia iak rgspgita ngh pB pmrm imnm NBV, puncgkna mprgicmrsg qug tanms prgsgktmk trgs trmeas ng ngpgkngkicm hckgmh gk gh rmkoa ng pB gstuncmna (0-=0) par ha tmkta sg a`sgrvmk 0 puktas ng qucg`rg. Gstas puktas ng qucg`rg, mhrgngnar ngh pB >-7 y pB =6=0, ckncimråmk ime`cas gk gh egimkcsea ngh praigsa ghgitrùncia, cknuicnas par ime`cas gk hm gspgicg ghgitramitcvm iak gh pB ngh egnca. Var atra hmna, gh úhtcea qucg`rg panråm ng`grsg m uk pDm vahtmeãtrc vahtmeãtrcia ia iarr iarrgspakncgkt gspakncgktg g mh kctrùogka ncbcnrapcr ncbcnrapcrcnåkcia. cnåkcia. Gk hm ^m`hm = sg eugstrmk has pmríegtras qug imrmitgrczmk has trmeas hckgmhgs, iak has rgspgitcvas puktas ng qucg`rg pmrm has 9 iaepugstas.

 

09

 

366

m)

=666

`)

366

266

266

?66

?66 G /e\ 66 966

i)

366 366

966 966

966

0

>

<

2

=6

066 066

0

=0

>

2

=6

=0

0

>

<

2

=6

=0

pB

pB

pB

Lcourm >:  >: 

<

Iaepartmecgkta ngh patgkicmh ng pcia gk lukicùk ngh pB pmrm has iaepugstas m) arta , `) egtm  y i)  pmrm4 Egnca Vrùtcia4 Iakigktrmicùk 6.=eE  

^m`hm =: Ngpgkngkicm gktrg gh patgkicmh ng pcia y gh pB ^PME ^P MEA A

AP^ AP^A A

EG^M

VMPM

Vgkncgktgs

=gr

-=0.6

-=3.0

-07.=

(e\/pB)

0º

-