British Council - Word Family Framework
Short Description
English vocabulary, language learner, graded lexis, word formation, derivation...
Description
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
a/an one/one of several/one of a set/ any one 2 a/an per
a/an det/indefinite article
a/an det
abandon
abandoned adj abandonment nU
abbreviation
abandon vT leave abandon vT stop doing sth
miles/kilometres an hour
abbreviation nC
able adj ability nCU
unable neg adj
inability nU
disability nCU
able adj ability nCU
disabled adj enable vT
inability nU
abnormal neg adj
aboard adv/prep
abbreviate vT abbreviated adj unabbreviated neg adj able-‐bodied adj see also @ body disable vT enabled adj to the best of one’s ability/abilities abnormality nC abnormally neg adv
abolish vT
abolition nU
abortion
abortion nC
abound/abundance
abound vI formal
about prep how about …? /what about …? suggestion
abundance nU abundant adj
abort vIT aborted adj abortionist nC abundantly adv in abundance
Aa 1
1
able /ability capacity
2
able skilled abnormal see also @ normal aboard see also @ 2 board abolish
1
about connected with, related to
1
headword 2
about approximately 3 about here and there, around 4 about adj/be about to do sth on the point of above
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
about prep
about adv
about adj/be about to do sth
above prep/adv higher above prep more than
above adj mentioned previously
abreast adj
above all above board adj see 1 also @ board be above one be/keep abreast of
abrupt sudden
abroad adv go abroad
abruptly adv
abrupt adj
abruptness nU
absent
absence nCU opp. presence
absent adj opp. present absence nCU time absent
absolute
absolutely adv completely
absolute adj complete, total
absolutely! exclam definitely
absorb
absorb vT soak up liquid, etc
absorption nU
absentee nC absenteeism nU absent vT/absent oneself (from…) absent-‐minded adj 1 see also @ mind decree absolute nC Brit see also @ decree absorb vT take over, include, etc absorb vI/be absorbed in sth be very interested in sth absorbent adj shock absorber nC see also @ shock
abreast see also @ breast abroad
2
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
abstract
abstract adj
abstraction nU
absurd
absurd adj
abundance see also @ abound abuse
abuse nCU
abuse vT
abundance nU abundant adj
abusive adj
abstract nC painting, etc in the abstract absurdity nC absurdly adv abundantly adv in abundance abusively adv
academic/academy
academically adv
academy nC academic nC scholar accelerate vIT
accelerate
academic adj scholarly
accent
decelerate vIT deceleration nU accent vT
1
accept vT
accent nC style of speaking acceptance nU
acceleration nU accelerator nC accent nC linguistic symbol
accept agree to sth
2
accept vT acceptable adj
unacceptable neg adj
accepted adj
access
access nU
accessory sth extra, component accident
access vT accessible adj
accessibility nU inaccessible neg adj accessory nC
acceptability nU acceptably adv unacceptably neg adv
accident nC crash, etc accident nC unintentional action
by accident
accidental adj accidentally adv
accommodation
accommodate vT provide housing
accompany
accommodation nU housing accompany vT go with sb
accompany vT play music with sb
accept receive sth
accident-‐prone adj see also @ prone accident and emergency n usu sing esp Brit see also @ emergency
3
headword
A1
A2
B1
accomplish
accord/accordance
according to
according to reporting what sb said account nC accounts n pl
B2
C1
C2
accompaniment nC accompanying adj
accomplish vT accomplishment nC accordance n formal accordingly adv
accord nC accord vIT
bank account nC see 1 also @ bank
accountant nC accounting nU
accountancy nU
account nC
account vI/account for
account nC
account / accountable responsible
accountable adj accountability nU
accumulate/ cumulative
accurate
accurate adj
accuse
accusation nC
accustom see also
accuse vT/accuse sb of sth
accurately adv accuracy nU
accumulate vT accumulation nCU
accustom vT
1
account /accounts financial records
2
account report, explanation 3 account /on account of reason, because of 4
cumulative adj inaccurate neg adj
X
accomplished adj of one’s own accord in accord with in accordance with with one accord
deposit account nC Brit = savings account nC Am; see 1 also @ deposit , save by all accounts on account of on no account take into account take account of unaccountable neg adj hold to account call to account cumulatively adv inaccuracy nCU inaccurately neg adv accused nC accuser nC accustomed adj
4
headword
@ custom
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
1
ache
achieve
achieve vIT
achievement nCU
ache nC backache nU see 2 also @ back earache nU see also 1 @ ear headache nCU see 1 also @ head stomach ache nCU see also @ stomach toothache nU see also @ tooth
acid
acid nCU
acknowledge
acknowledge vT
acoustic
acknowledgment/ acknowledgement nCU acoustic adj
acquaint
acquaintance nC
acquaint vT formal
acquire/acquisition
acquire vT
acquisition nCU
acre
acre nC
ache vI
X
unaccustomed neg adj bellyache nC informal bellyache vI informal see also @ belly heartache nU see 1 also @ heart
achiever nC achievable adj acid adj sour acidic adj acidify vT acidity nU nitric acid nU see also @ nitrate sulphuric acid nU Brit/ sulfuric acid nC Am see also @ sulphur/ sulfur acoustics nU/n pl acoustically adv acquired adj acquisitive adj acreage nU
5
headword
across
1
act do sth, sth done/active/ interact/react
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
across adv, prep from one side to the other act nC sth done act vI do sth action nCU sth done action nC movement
across adv, prep on the other/opposite side
active adj energetic activity nCU
actively adv
activation nU activism nU inactive adj
active adj not passive/dormant activate vT activist nC
interaction nU
interact vI
interactive adj communicative
take action in/out of action inaction nU act on phr v act up phr v in the act (of) inactivity nU deactivate vT deactivated adj reactivate vT counteract vT counteraction nC
interactive adj computer, etc
proactive adj
reaction nC physical, emotional reaction
react vI respond reaction nC response
reactor nC
reactive adj
overreact vI overreaction nCU
act take part in play, film, etc 3 act law
actor nC
act nC
enact vT
actual
actual adj real actually adv in fact
acting nU job of an actor action nCU legal action enactment nU
act out phr v
act nC art of a play act vIT
react vI chemically change reaction nC chemical actress nP
acute
acute adj
acutely adv
2
actual adj factual actually adv emphatic
6
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
adapt
adapt vIT
adaptation nC
adaptive adj
ad see @ advertise/ advertisement add/addition
ad nC abbrev esp Am
add vT total
add vT include sth extra add vT say sth extra add vI increase/add to
added adj
additional adj
in addition (to) adv, prep
additionally adv
addition nU act of adding; mathematical process addition nC sth added
addict nC addicted adj
addiction nCU addictive adj
address postal details
1
address speak to sb
2
address nC address vT write address on sth
drug addict nC/drug addiction nU see 2 also @ drug non-‐addictive neg adj addressed adj
adequate
adequate adj
address vT address nC speech
adequately adv inadequate neg adj
inadequacy nCU
adhere
adhere vI adherence nU adhesion nU adhesive nCU
adequacy nCU inadequately neg adv adherent nC
addict
adaptable adj unadaptable neg adj classified ad nC small ad nC additive nC add in phr v add on phr v add up phr v total add up phr v make sense add up to phr v
7
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
adjacent
adjacent adj
adhesive adj
adjective
adjective nC
adjectival adj
adjoin see also @ join adjourn
adjourn vIT
adjoin vT adjoining adj adjournment nC
adjust
adjust vI adapt
adjustable adj
administer
administration nU management
adjust vIT alter, tune adjustment nCU administrative adj
administer vT manage, organize administrator nC
admiral
administer vT deliver exam, punishment, medicine, etc administration nCU government, regime administration nC delivery of exam, punishment, medicine, etc
admiral nC
admiralty n sing Brit
admire
admire vT
admiration nU
admirable adj
1
admit vIT
admission nC
admittedly adv
admirably adv admirer nC admiring adj admiringly adv
2
admit allow entry
admittance nU
adolescence
admit vT admission nU
adopt child
1
adopt vIT
adoption nCU
adolescence nU adolescent nC adolescent adj
2
adopt vT
admit confess
adopt new
adopted adj adoptive adj
8
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
behaviour adore
adorn
adore vT adoration nU adorn vT
adult
adult nC
adult adj
adulthood nU
adultery
adultery nU
advance/advanced
advance vT support, promote, etc
advance nC early payment advancement nU
advantage
advantage nC
advance vI move forward advance nCU forward movement advance nCU progress advanced adj modern advanced adj high level in advance (of)
advantageous adj
disadvantage nCU
advent
advent nCU
adventure
adventure nCU
adventurous adj adventurer nC
adverb
adverb nC
X
adoring adj adoringly adv adornment nCU adorned adj unadorned neg adj adulterous adj adulterer nC advance adj early
advantageously adv take advantage of sb/sth to sb’s advantage disadvantaged neg adj disadvantageous neg adj unadventurous neg adj misadventure nCU
9
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
adverse
advertise
advice
advocate
advice nU suggestion, warning advise vIT suggest, warn
advertise vIT advertisement nC ad nC abbrev esp Am advert nC abbrev esp Brit advertising nU adviser/advisor nC
1
aerial in the air
2
aeroplane/airplane see also @ plane aesthetic/esthetic
X
adversity nCU adversarial adj advertising agency nC see also @ agent/agency
advisory adj
advice nU information advise vIT inform advisable adj
advisedly adv advisory nC Am
advocate vT
advocate nC
advocacy nU
aerial nC
aerial adj
plane nC by plane
aeroplane nC Brit airplane nC Am
aesthetic adj Brit/ esthetic adj Am
affair
affair nC usu pl matter, business
affair nC sexual liaison
affect see also @ effect affection
affect vT influence
aesthetically adv Brit/ esthetically adv Am current affairs n pl 1 see also @ current state of affairs n sing 1 see also @ state
affection nCU
affectionate adj
affiliation
affiliation nC affiliate nC
adverse adj
C2
adversely adv adversary nC advertiser nC
aerial antenna
C1
affectionately adv unaffectionate neg adj affiliate vT affiliated adj unaffiliated neg adj
10
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
affirm
affluent
afford
afford vT
1
afraid adj scared
afraid regret
2
after
C1
C2
X
affirmation nCU
affirm vT affirmative adj
affluent adj
affluence nU
affordable adj
unaffordable neg adj
afraid adj worried
unafraid neg adj
afraid adj regret
after adv, prep later in time after adv, prep behind, lower down, etc after conj
I’m afraid I … I’m afraid not! after all afterlife nC see also @ life (for) ever after
afternoon see also @ noon
afternoon nCU
afterwards/ afterward see also 2 @ ward again
afterwards adv Brit/ afterward adv Am
good afternoon exclam see also @ 4 good
aftermath nC usu sing
again adv repeated
again adv as before
again and again
1
against prep
now and again every now and again over and over again time and (time) again be against sb/sth
2
against prep
age nCU time alive
age nC period of history aged adj
age vI
ageing nU Brit/ aging age nC old age nU Am middle age nU
afraid scared
aftermath
against versus against beside, touching age
ages/for ages a long time at the age of …
11
headword
A1
A2
B1
old age nU see also @ old teenager nC
B2
C1
C2
teenage adj
middle-‐aged adj see also @ middle
X
age-‐old adj
agency nC agent nC representative
travel agent nC see also @ travel newsagent nC see also @ news
agenda
agenda nC
aggressive
aggression nU
ago adv, prep
aggressive adj warlike aggressively adv
aggressor nC
ago
aggressive adj militant, foreful
agony
agony nCU
agree
agree vIT share opinion agreement nCU
agree vIT agree to do sth
agreed adj
agreeable adj
agonize vI agonized adj agonizing adj agony aunt nC agree vI be the same
disagree vI
disagreement nCU
agency/agent
agent nC spy secret agent nC see also @ secret advertising agency nC see also @ advertise/ advertising dating agency nC 2 see also @ date estate agent nC Brit 1 see also @ estate real estate agent nC Am see also @ 1 estate
disagreeable neg adj gentleman’s agreement nC see 2 also @ gentle
12
headword
A1
A2
agriculture
ah!
ahead
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
agriculture nU agricultural adj
ah!/ahem! exclam
ahead adv in front
ahead of
aid
aid nU help, assistance
aid vT formal
AIDS/Aids
aim vI aim nC
AIDS/aids nU abbrev = acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ahead adv early get ahead (of) go ahead aid nC supporting material or devoce first aid nU see also @ first legal aid nU see also @ legal aide nC
aim vIT aim nCU
air-‐conditioning nU/ air-‐conditioned adj see also @ 1 condition
air vT ventilate
aircraft nC see also 2 @ craft aeroplane nC Brit airplane nC Am
aircraft carrier nC see also @ carry/ carrier air force nC see also
air raid nC see also @ raid
1
aim intend, strive for 2 aim target
1
air gas, atmosphere air nU
2
air space above ground
air nU by air
aimless neg adj aimlessly neg adv take aim
airtight adj see also @ tight clear the air in the air open-‐air adj see also @ open up in the air mid-‐air adj see also @ mid-‐ airborne adj see also @ airman nC see also 3 3 bear @ man airfield nC see also @ airstrike nC see also 1 1 field @ strike
13
headword
A1
A2
airport nC
3
air broadcast
aircraft see also @ 2 air
aircraft nC see also 2 @ craft
airline/airliner
airplane/aeroplane see also @ plane airport
plane nC by plane
aisle
B1
B2
C1
4
@ force air hostess nC see also @ host/hostess airline nC airmail nU airmail vT see also @ mail
C2
airliner nC
X
airstrip nC see also @ strip
air vIT
aircraft carrier nC see also @ carry/ carrier airline nC
aeroplane nC Brit airplane nC Am airport nC see also 1 @ port
airliner nC see also @ liner
aisle nC
akin see also @ kin
akin adj
alarm
alarm vT create, feel alarming adj fear burglar alarm nC see also @ burglar
alarmed adj
alas!
alarm nU fear alarm nC warning device alarm clock nC see also @ clock fire alarm nC see 1 also @ fire
alas! exclam
albeit
albeit conj formal
album
album nC book, collection, etc
airing nC on (the) air off (the) air
14
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
alcohol
ale
album nC recorded music alcohol nU alcoholic adj
alert
algebra
alert adj alert vT alert nC algebra nU
algorithm
algorithm nC
alien
alien nC foreigner
alien adj
align
alien nC extra-‐ terrestrial non-‐aligned adj
alike
alike adj/adv
alienate vT alienation nU align vIT alignment nU
alive see also @ life, live all
alive adj
all det every one all adv completely
all right/alright adv, adj, exclam; see also 1 @ right
allege
allege vT allegation nC alleged adj
allegedly adv
alcoholic nC
ale nU
alcoholism nU non-‐alcoholic adj ginger ale nU see also @ ginger on the alert
algebraic adj
lookalike nC see also 2 @ look above all after all all but see also @ 2 but all in all all over at all for all all the same in all
15
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
allegiance
allegiance nCU
alleviate
alleviate vT
alleviation nU
alley
alley nC
alpine
alpine adj
alleyway nC see also 2 @ way
ally
allied adj
ally vT
allocate
ally nC alliance nC
allocate vT
allocation nC
allocated adj
1
allow vT
allowed adj
disallow vT
2
allow provide
allow vT
all right/alright see 1 also @ right almighty see also @ 2 might /mighty almost
all right/alright adj/ adv/exclam
allowance nC payment
almighty adj
almost adv
alone
alone adv, adj by oneself
leave/let alone
along
along prep, adv down a road, etc
alone adv, adj only alone adv, adj isolated along prep beside
alongside prep, adv
aloud adv out loud
all along along with
alphabet nC
alphabetical order 1 nC see also @ order
also
already adv by now, previously also adv
alphabetical adj alphabetically adv
altar
altar nC
allow permit
aloud see also @ loud alphabet already
16
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
alter
alter vIT
alteration nCU
alternate
alternate adj
alternative
alternatively adv
although see also @ though altitude
although conj
alternative nC alternative adj
altered adj unaltered neg adj alternate vI alternation nU alternately adv have no alternative but …
altitude nCU
altogether
aluminium/ aluminum always
altogether adv in total, totally
always adv
aluminium nU Brit/ aluminum nU Am
a.m. see also @ p.m. amass see also @ 1 mass amateur
a.m./A.M. abbrev
amass vT
amateurish adj
amaze
amazement nU amazingly adv
ambassador see also @ embassy ambiguity
amaze vIT amazing adj ambassador nC
amateur nC amateur adj amazed adj
ambition
ambition nCU
ambitious adj
ambiguity nCU ambiguous adj
unambiguous neg adj
ambulance
ambulance nC
unambiguously neg adv ambitiously adv unambitious neg adj
amend
amendment nC
amend vT
17
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
amid see also @ middle ammunition
amid prep
amidst prep
ammunition nU
ammo nU informal
among/amongst
among prep one of + superlative
amount
among/amongst prep amid, surrounded by amount nCU
amount vI/amount to constitute ample adj
ample
amount vT add up to
amply adv
amuse
amuse vIT cause laughter
amusement nC sth that amuses
amused adj amusing adj
an see @ a
an det
amusement nU state of being amused
analogy
analogy nCU
analogous adj
analyse/analyze
analysis nCU
analyst nC
analytic/ analytical adj
analyze vT/analyse vT Brit
psychoanalyst nC
anatomy
psychoanalysis nU psychoanalytic adj anatomy nU
ancestor
ancestor nC
anchor
anchor nC large weight
ancient
ancient adj
ancestral adj ancestry nU anchor nC stabilising factor anchor vIT use an anchor anchor vT attach firmly
and/&
and conj in addition, as well & conj abbrev
and conj to
and/or
anatomical adj anatomically adv anatomist nC anchored adj
ancient nC and so on
18
headword
A1
A2
B1
angel
and conj if
anger/angry
angry adj
angle
B2
C1
anger nU
angel nC heavenly creature
angle nC corner, etc
triangle nC
angler
anguish
animal
animal nC
animate/animation
ankle
C2
X
angel nC good person angelic adj angrily adv
archangel nC
angle vT
angle nC approach angular adj rectangle nC rectangular adj triangular adj angler nC
anguish nU
anguished adj
animal adj
animate vT
ankle nC
animated adj animation nCU animate adj
anniversary
anniversary nC
announce
announce vT
announcement nC
announcer nC
annoy
annoyance nCU
annual
annual adj
annoy vT annoyed adj annoying adj
unannounced neg adj annoyingly adv
annually adv
anonymous
anonymous adj
another
another det, pron one more another det, pron a similar, different one another det, pron in
anonymity nU anonymously adv
anger vT
in anger
angling nU
annual nC book, plant, etc another one one after another one another one way or another
19
headword
answer
A1
addition answer vIT reply, respond answer nCU
A2
B1
B2
C1
ant
ant nC
antenna
anthropology
antibiotic
antibody
antibody nC
anticipate
anticipate vT
anticipation nU
antique
antiquity nU
anxiety/anxious
anxiously adv
any
any det, pron in negs any det, pron no and questions matter what, whatever anybody pron anyone pron anything pron anyway adv anywhere adv anybody pron no matter who
anxiety nU worry anxious adj worried any det even a little any adv with comparatives anyhow adv
antique nC antique adj
anticipated adj unanticipated neg adj
answerphone nC 1 see also @ phone
X
unanswered neg adj unanswerable neg adj in answer to anteater nC have ants in your pants antenna nC insect body part antenna nC aerial anthropology nU anthropologist nC anthropological adj antibiotic nC antibiotic adj
anybody see also @ somebody
C2
answering adj
20
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
anybody pron in neg and questions
anyhow adv
anyone pron
anything pron sth in neg and questions
anything pron whatever is available
anyway see also @ 2 way anywhere see also @ somewhere apart
anyway adv in negs and questions anywhere adv in negs and questions
anyway adv in any way possible anywhere adv wherever possible apart from prep not counting
anything but … anything like for anything
far apart take apart phr v see 2 also @ take
apartheid
apart adj separated apart adv separated, distant apart adv separated into parts
apartheid nU
apartment
apologize
apostrophe
apartment nC esp Am apologize vI apology nCU
apostrophe nC
apologetic adj unapologetic neg adj
appal/appall
appalling adj
apparatus
apparatus nU
appal vT Brit/appall vT Am appalled adj
apparent adj
unapparent neg adj
appeal vI appeal nC
anyhow see also @ somehow anyone see also @ someone anything see also @ something
apparent see also @ apparently adv 1&2 appear 1 appeal urgent request
21
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
appeal vI appeal nU
appealing adj
3
1
appear vI
disappear vI
appearance nCU
2
appear vI
appearance nCU
appeal vI esp Brit/ appeal against phr v/ appeal vT esp Am appeal nC disappearance nCU disappearing adj appearances npl
1
appendix nC
appendicitis nU
appendix extra section in document appetite
2
appendix nC
append vT formal
appetite nUC
applause
apple
apple nC
applause nU applaud vIT
appetizer nC appetizing adj unappetizing neg adj
apply request for sth, e.g. a job 2 apply use effort to do sth 3 apply be relevant
apply vI/apply for
application nC
applicant nC
application form nC 2 see also @ form apply vT
application nCU
appoint/ 1 appointment giving a job to sb 2 appointment meeting
appoint vT
appointed adj appointment nC
appliance nC household machine applicable adj applied adj
misapply vT usu pass misapplication nU apply vI inapplicable neg adj
appointment nC
appeal attraction
appeal challenge a verdict
appear be seen
appear seem appendix body part
1
pineapple nC
appealingly adv unappealing neg adj sex appeal nU see 1 also @ sex appellant adj
to all appearances disappearance nCU
apple pie nC see also @ pie
22
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
appraisal
appraisal nC
appraise vT formal
appreciate like, understand apprentice
appreciate vT
appreciation nU
appreciative adj
approach vIT approach nC usu sing approach nC approach vT tackle a problem, etc appropriate adj
apprentice nC apprenticeship nC
unappreciative neg adj apprentice vT often pass
appropriately adv inappropriate neg adj
approve vI/approve of sth like, show agreement approval nCU
appropriate vT appropriation nCU approve vT confirm, ratify approved adj
inappropriately neg adv inappropriateness nU appropriated adj misappropriate vT approving adj
disapprove vI disapproval nU
approximate
apron household protective garment apt
approximately adv approximate adj
approximate vIT approximation nCU apron nC
apt adj
aquatic
aquatic adj
1
approach get close 2
approach method
1
appropriate suitable
2
appropriate confiscate approve
disapproving neg adj disapprovingly neg adv unapproving neg adj aptly adv aptness nU inapt neg adj aquarium nC
23
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
arbitrary
arbitrary adj
arbitrarily adv
arc
arc nC
arc vI
arcade
arcade nC
arch
arch nC
arch vIT
archaeology/ archeology
arched adj arching adj archway nC
archbishop see also @ bishop architect
archaeology nU Brit/ archeology nU Am archaeologist nC Brit/archeologist nC Am archaeological adj Brit/archeological adj Am archbishop nC
architectural adj
archive
architect nC architecture nU
archive nC
area
area nC space, region
area nU measure
arena
arena nC
archive vT archivist nC area nC topic, subject grey area nC Brit / gray area nC Am see also @ grey/gray
argue
argue vI disagree verbally argument nC verbal disagreement
argue vIT persuade, give reasons
argument nCU reasoning
arguably adv
arise vI rise arise vI appear
arise see also @ rise
arguable adj unarguable neg adj unarguably neg adv argumentative adj
24
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
aristocrat
arithmetic
arm nC body part
arm nC arm-‐shaped object
1
arm body part, etc
2
arm supply weapons; see also @ army
armour/armor
C2
X
aristocrat nC aristocracy nU aristocratic adj arithmetic nU
armchair nC see also 1 @ chair
arms n pl armed adj
arm vT
firearm nC see also @ 2 fire
armour nU Brit/ armor nU Am
armoured adj Brit/ armored adj Am
arm nC branch of organization arm in arm fold your arms see also @ fold with open arms armpit nC see also @ pit forearm nC see also @ fore underarm nC unarmed neg adj armed forces n pl 4 see also @ force be up in arms (about sth) disarm vIT disarmament nU lay down one’s arms phr v surrender; see also @ lay armoury nC Brit/ armory nC Am armoured/armored car nC see also @ 1 car armour/armor plate nU/armour/armor-‐ plated adj see also @ plate
arithmetical adj
25
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
army
army nC military
army nC large group
aroma
1
around adv, prep on all sides
around approximately arouse
2
around adv, prep nearby around adv, prep here and there around adv
aroma nC aromatic adj
arouse vT
arousal nU
round about adv informal aroused adj
arrange
rearrange vT rearrangement nCU
array
arrange vIT put into order arrange vIT plan arrangement nU order arrangement nC often pl plan
array nC
arrest
arrest vT stop
arrive
arrive vI happen
arrogance
arrive vI reach somewhere
arrest vT apprehend criminal, etc arrest nCU arrival nCU
array vT disarray nU
arrogantly adv
arrow
art nUC painting, etc artist nC painter
art gallery nC see also @ gallery
arrow nC archery arrow nC sign art nC/arts humanities artistic adj
arrogance nU arrogant adj
arts and crafts n pl 1 see also @ craft
around on all sides, etc
1
art painting etc
artwork nU see also 3 @ work work of art nC see 3 also @ work
be around hang around
26
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
art skill
art nC
artefact/artifact
artery
arthritis
article nC
article grammar
C2
X
artistry nU
artery nC
martial art nC see also @ martial artefact nC esp Brit/ artifact nC esp Am
arthritis nU
arthritic adj
article nC
article nC
articulate speak
articulate vT formal
articulation nU
artificial
artificial adj
artificially adv
artillery
artillery nU
definite article nC indefinite article nC articulate adj inarticulate neg adj artificiality nU artificial intelligence nU see also @ 1 intelligence
1
as adv, prep
2
as conj
3
as conj as … as
as well
as well as
6
as conj while as conj when
so as to
7
as far as
as far as possible as far as I know
1
article report in journal, etc 2 article item 3
as like as because as /as…as comparative 4 as /as well (as) in addition 5 as while, when as /so as to as /as far as…
arterial adj
27
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
8
as for
as regards
as to
9
as /as long as conditional 11 as /as soon as/as soon as possible ascend
10
as if as though as long as
as soon as as soon as possible
ascertain see also @ 1 certain ascribe
ascertain vIT formal
ascend vT formal ascent nC
asap abbrev = as soon as possible
ascribe vI
ash
ash nUC
ashamed see also @ 1 shame ashore see also @ shore aside
ashamed adj
ashtray nC see also @ tray
ash cloud nC see also @ cloud
ashore adv
aside nC
ask vIT enquire ask vI/ask for phr v request
asleep adj
aside adv/aside from not including ask after phr v enquire about sb’s health
ask
aside adv to one side ask vT invite
aspect nC
fall asleep see also 1 @ fall
aspire
aspiration nC
aspire vI
aspiring adj
aspirin
aspirin nC
ass
ass nC esp Brit donkey
ass nC informal idiot asinine adj
as /as for as /as if
asleep see also @ 1 sleep aspect
28
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
assassinate
assassination nCU
assault
assault nCU
assault vT
assemble
assembly nC parliament, etc
assemble vT congregate
assemble vT construct, put together
assert
assert vT
assertion nC
assertive adj
assess
assessor nC
asset
assess vT assessment nCU asset nC
assault course nC 5 see also @ course assembly nC meeting assembly nU construction assembly point nC 2 see also @ point assertiveness nU assert oneself
assign
assigned adj
assist
assistance nU
assisted adj unassisted neg adj
associate/dissociate
associate vT connect association nC mentally society, club association nC mental connection
assign vT allocate assignment nCU task, job, etc assist vIT assistant adj assistant nC helper, worker shop assistant nC 1 see also @ shop
associate adj
associate nC colleague associate vIT relate to sb association nU collaboration
dissociate/ disassociate vT formal
assassinate vT assassin nC
X
29
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
assorted see also @ 2 sort assume
assume vT
assumption nC
assure see also @ sure
assure vT
assurance nU reassure vT
asthma
astonish
astonish vT
astound
astonishment nU astonishing adj
astronaut
astronaut nC
astronomy
asylum
asylum nC political
astronomy nU astronomer nC astronomical adj relating to astronomy
at
at prep point of time at prep point of place, space
at prep located, living in at all at home see also @ home at least see also @ least
at prep point on a scale
at first see also @ first at last see also @ last at once see also @ once at present see also
assorted adj assortment nC assuming conj/ assuming that reassurance nCU reassuring adj asthma nU
astound vT
X
dissociation nU assuredly adv asthmatic adj astonished adj astonishingly adv astounded adj astounding adj astoundingly adv astronomical adj very great, expensive, etc asylum-‐seeker nC see also @ seek political asylum nU see also @ politics at all costs see also @ cost at ease see also @ ease/easy at all events see also @ event at first sight see also 1 @ sight at hand see also @ hand
30
headword
A1
A2
B1
@ present
athlete/athletics
B2
athlete nC
1
atmosphere nCU
atmosphere feeling
2
atom
atrocity attach
atmospheric adj
atmosphere nCU
atom nC
atomic adj
atrocity nC
attachment nC sth joined
attacker nC
attack nC
atom nC sth very small atom/atomic bomb nC see also @ bomb atrocious adj atrociously adv attached adj unattached neg adj counterattack nC counterattack vIT
1
attack nC
2
attack sudden
X
athletics nU athletic adj
attach vT join, fasten attack vIT
attack assault
C2
at a loss see also @ loss at peace see also @ peace at this rate at any rate see also @ rate at a time see also @ 2 time at the same time 2 see also @ time at times see also @ 2 time at the time/at this time/at that time 2 see also @ time at work see also @ 1 work
atmosphere air, etc
C1
2
31
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
illness
C1
C2
X
attainment nCU formal
attain
heart attack nC see 1 also @ heart attain vT formal
attempt
attempt nC
attempt vT
attempted adj
attainable adj unattainable neg adj
attend vIT
attendance nCU number present
attendance nC presence attend vT
attentive adj attentively adv
unattended neg adj
attend concentrate attention nU on/attention
attention! exclam
attendant nC flight attendant nC 1 see also @ flight
attentive adj attentively adv
attic
attic nC
attend vi inattention nU pay attention
attitude
attitude nCU
attitudinal adj
attorney
attorney nC esp Am
attract
attraction nCU
unattractive neg adj
attribute vT
attraction nC tourist site
attribute
attract vT attractive adj
attribute nC formal
auction
auction nC
attributable adj attribution nCU
attractively adv attractiveness nU
audience
audio
audience nC viewers, listeners
audibly adv inaudibly neg adv
audit
aunt
aunt nC auntie nC informal
audit nC audit vT auditor nC
audio adj audible adj inaudible neg adj
great aunt nC see 2 also @ great
1
attend go to meeting, etc 2 attend look after
3
auction vT auctioneer nC
32
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
aura
aura nC
austere
austere adj
authentic
authentic adj
authenticity nU
author
author nC writer
author nC initiator
co-‐author nC
authority
authority nU power to do sth
authority nC often pl authority nC expert sb with authority authoritarian adj authorize vT authoritative adj
auto see also @ automobile autobiography see also @ biography automatic
auto nC esp Am
automaker nC
austerity nU austerely adv authentically adv authenticate vT inauthentic neg adj author vT formal authorship nU authoritatively adv authorized adj unauthorized neg adj automotive adj
autobiography nC
autobiographical adj
automatically adv
automatic adj self-‐ acting
automobile
autonomy
automobile nC esp Am auto nC esp Am
automatic nC automatic car, weapon, etc automatic adj instinctive automated adj automation nU
autonomy nU
autonomous adj
autonomously adv
autumn
autumn nCU esp Brit
autumnal adj
available
available adj
availability nU
unavailable neg adj
unavailability nU avail nU/of no avail avail vI formal/avail oneself of
33
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
avenge see also @ vengeance avenue street
avenue nC
avenge vT avenger nC avenue nC method
average
average adj ordinary average vT
on average
avert
average nC average adj mean, medium
avert vT
aviation
aviation nU
aviator nC
avoid
avoid vT
await see also @ wait awake see also @ wake
await vT formal
avoidance nU unavoidable neg adj
avoidable adj unavoidably neg adv
awake adj
awake/awaken vIT
award
aware
aware adj
award nC award vT
awakening nC rude awakening nC see also @ rude
awareness nU
unaware neg adj
away adv side right away see also 4 @ right
away sport
away adv from away adv absent, on holiday
awe
away adj not played at home
awe nU awesome adj
awful
awful adj very bad
be/stand in awe of overawe vT usu passive overawed adj
awfully
awfully adv
awkward
awkward adj
awkwardly adv
awkwardness nU
1
away not present
2
be aware/unaware of far away a long way away
34
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
axe/ax
axe nC Brit/ax nC Am
axis
axis nC
axe vT Brit/ax vT Am pickaxe nC Brit/ pickax nC Am
Bb
baby
baby nC baby adj
babysit vIT babysitter nC
bachelor nC
bachelor nCU
babysitting nU babyish adj baby carriage nC Am = pram nC Brit; see 1 also @ carriage , pram bachelor girl nC see also @ girl
BSc/Bachelor of Science
background nC
backward adj backwards adv Brit/ backward adv Am 2 see also @ ward /-‐ ward
backyard nC see 2 also @ yard
back nC
back door nC see also @ door backdrop nC
1
bachelor unmarried man 2 bachelor degree at university
1
back adv
2
back body part
back adv opp. front back adv earlier back adv in reply, in return back adv once again
BA/Bachelor of Arts
back adj opp. front back nC rear of sth back vT reverse
back and forth back away phr v back down/off phr v back out (of sth) phr v backwardness nU backwards and forwards see also @ forward/forwards
do sth behind sb’s
35
headword
A1
A2
B1
backache nU see also @ ache
B2
C1
backbone nC see also @ bone
C2
paperback nC see also @ paper
backpack nC see 1 also @ pack 3
X
back pat on the back nC see also @ pat stab in the back nC see also @ stab turn one’s back on sb/sth see also @ 1 turn backpack vI backpacking nU backpacker nC see 1 also @ pack horseback nU see also @ horse
back support
back vT
backing nU
bacon
bacon nU
backer nC back-‐up nCU back (sb) up phr v
bacterium/bacteria
bacterial adj
bad adj unpleasant, evil
badly adv severely
bad adj severe (weather, illness, etc)
bacterium/bacteria nC
bad-‐tempered adj see also @ temper
badly off adv be bad for sb/sth feel bad about sth/ sb not bad! exclam go from bad to worse go bad
1
bad very unpleasant
bad adj poor quality badly adv poor quality 2
bad rotting, decaying badly very much
bad adj rotting badly adv
badge
badge nC esp Brit
bag/baggage
bag nC
bag vT bags of informal lots
36
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
handbag nC esp Brit see also @ hand
baggage nU
of bum bag nC Brit informal see also @ bum shopping bag nC see 1 also @ shop / shopping sleeping bag nC see 1 also @ sleep
bail nU bail vT bait nCU bait vT bakery nC baking nU
baked adj half-‐baked adj informal see also @ 1 half baked bean nC usu pl see also @ bean counterbalance vT counterbalance nC unbalanced neg adj in the balance off balance on balance overbalance vIT esp Brit
bail
hand baggage nU see also @ hand
bait
bake
bake vIT baker nC
balance
balance vIT stand and balance
balance nC scales balance nC money remaining
balanced adj balance vT equalise, stabilise
imbalance nU
balance nU state, ability to remain upright balance nU equality, stability
bank balance nC see 1 also @ bank
balcony
balcony nC
bald
bald adj
X
baldness nU balding adj
37
headword
A1
1
ball spherical object ball nC
football nC football nU see also @ football
A2
ball dance
baseball nU esp Am baseball nC esp Am basketball nU esp Am
ballet
2
B1
B2
C1
C2
ball-‐pen/ballpoint pen nC see also @ 1 pen eyeball nC see also @ eye snowball nC see also @ snow volleyball nU
on the ball beach ball nC see also @ beach mothball nC see also @ moth
softball nU
ball nC
ballet nCU
ballroom nC see also @ ballroom gown nC 1 room see also @ gown ballroom dancing nU see also @ dance ballet dancing nU
balloon
balloon nC
ballet dancer nC see also @ dance
ballot
ballot nCU ballot vT
bamboo
bamboo nU
ban/banish
ban nC ban vT
X
ballooning nU balloonist nC balloon vI hot-‐air balloon nC ballot box nC see 1 also @ box ballot paper nC see also @ paper bamboo shoots n pl 2 see also @ shoot banned adj banish vT banished adj
38
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
banana
X
banishment nU banana skin nC see also @ skin bandsman nC see 3 also @ man boy-‐/girl-‐band nC see also @ boy, girl rock band nC see 3 also @ rock disband vI
banana nC
1
band nC
band group of people 3 band strip, stripe
2
band nC
band nC band together phr v
bandage
bandage nCU
elastic band nC see also @ elastic rubber band nC see also @ rubber waist band nC see also @ waist bandage vT
bang
1
bank nC
bank account nC see banknote nC see 1 4 also @ account also @ note
bang nC bang vIT banker nC
bankrupt adj bankrupt vT bankruptcy nU
merchant bank nC see also @ merchant
bank of river, etc
2
bank nC
embankment nC
sandbank nC see also @ sand banner nC
banner
riverbank nC see also @ river
banquet
banquet nC
bar nC
barman nC see also 3 @ man
banqueting hall nC 2 see also @ hall bartender nC see 2 also @ tend
band group of musicians
bank financial
1
bar pub, etc
bank vI banking nU bank balance nC see also @ balance bank holiday nC Brit see also @ holiday
39
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
barmaid nC see also @ maid sandwich bar nC see also @ sandwich snack bar nC see also @ snack bar vT bar nC
C2
coffee bar nC see also @ coffee
bar stop, block, etc see also @ barrier 3 bar metal rod, etc
barrier nC
bar nC metal rod bar nC solid lump (soap, etc)
barbecue
barbecue nC barbecue vIT
barber
barber nC
1
bare adj
bare vT
2
bare adj barely adv
1
bargain nC
2
bargain vI
2
bare naked bare / barely only just
bargain sth cheap
bargain negotiate
X
nail bar nC see also 2 @ nail
sound barrier nC see 1 also @ sound barred adj behind bars bar vT bar up phr v crowbar nC barbecued adj barbie nC informal BBQ nC/vIT barber shop/ barber’s shop nC 1 see also @ shop
bare essentials n pl see also @ essential bare necessities n pl see also @ necessary/necessity bargain basement nC see also @ basement bargaining nU bargain for/on phr v drive a hard bargain not get what you bargained for
40
headword
barge
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
barge nC
X
bargepole nC see 1 also @ pole
1
bark vI bark nC
bark outer surface of tree barley
2
bark nU
not touch with a bargepole idiom barking nU bark up the wrong tree idiom see also @ tree
barley nU
barn
barn nC
barometer see @ 1 meter barracks
barnyard nC see 2 also @ yard barometer nC
barracks n pl
barrel wooden container
barrel nC
have sb over a barrel
barren
barren adj
scrape the bottom of the barrel see also @ scrape
barrier see also @ 2 bar 1 base bottom, foundation, support
barrier nC
base nC
base main place, headquarters 3 base in sport
base nC base v usu passive
base/based on/base sth on phr v database nC see also @ data
baseball see also @
baseball nU esp Am
baseline nC see also @ 1 line
bark noise of dog
2
sound barrier nU 1 see also @ sound
base camp nC see also @ camp base nC baseball cap nC see
41
headword
A1
1
ball basement
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
baseball nC
basement nC
basically adv
basics n pl
basin
basis nC basic adj
basin nC sink
basket
basket nC
basin nC river, harbour, etc
basketball see also 2 @ ball bass
basketball nU esp Am
wash-‐basin nC see also @ wash wastepaper basket nC see also @ waste, paper
bass nC
bastard
bastardize vT bastardized adj
bat in sport
batch
bastard nC person whose parents are not married bastard nC offensive insult bat nC bat vI
batch nC
bath/bathe
bath nC tub bath nC esp Brit activity bath vIT esp Brit bathe vIT esp Am wash bathe vI swim bathroom nC see 1 also @ room
batsman nC see also 3 @ man batch vT batched adj
sunbathe vI sunbathing nU sunbather nC see
basis/basic
also @ cap bargain basement nC see also @ 1 bargain
bathtub nC esp Am see also @ tub bathing costume nC
42
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
batter hit
also @ sun
battery electric cell
battery nC
battle
battle nC military engagement battle nCU struggle
bay
bay nC inlet
battle vIT fight battle vIT struggle battlefield nC see 1 also @ field
1
be aux
bay nC in building loading bay nC see also 1 @ load /loading
2
be verb/linking verb being nCU presence, existence; human being nC see position in space or also @ human time; personal description – name, age, job, etc; composition; health – well, ill, etc
be verb cost
bring/come into being
be aux be be present, exist
batter vT battered adj
see also @ costume battering nU/nC usu sing battlement nC usu pl battleship nC see 1 also @ ship embattled adj bay window nC see also @ window
beach
how are you?
beach nC
bead
bead nC
beach vT beach ball nC see 1 also @ ball beady adj
beak
beak nC
1
beam nC
2
beam nC
beam vT sunbeam nC see also @ sun
beam wooden bar beam ray of light
43
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
bean nC
1
bear vT
bearable adj
2
bear nC
3
bear vT
bear /bearing move in a certain direction beard
4
beard nC
baked bean nC usu pl see also @ bake coffee bean nC see also @ coffee spill the beans idiom see also @ spill unbearable neg adj bear up phr v bear with it/me, etc phr v unbearably neg adv grin and bear it teddy nC polar bear nC see 2 teddy bear nC also @ pole /polar airborne adj see also @ bear down phr v 2 air bear out phr v seaborne adj see also @ sea bearing nC bear vT have a bearing on bearded adj
beast
beast nC
1
beat vT
beat hit
2
beat vIT
beating nC
3
beat nC
bean
bear tolerate
bear animal bear /borne carry, support
beat defeat
beat rhythm
beastly adj bestial adj beaten adj unbeatable neg adj unbeaten neg adj beat back phr v beat down phr v beat off phr v beat up phr v beat time see also 1 @ time drumbeat nC see also @ drum
44
headword
beauty
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
heartbeat nC usu sing see also @ 1 heart beauty spot nC see 1 also @ spot
beautiful adj attractive beautiful adj pleasant because conj because of prep ‘cos/cos conj/prep informal become vIT
beauty nU quality
beauty nC sb/sth beautiful
beautifully adv
become of phr v
bed nC
in bed
flowerbed nC see also @ flower
bedding nU
bedroom nC see 1 also @ room
bedtime nC see also 1 @ time
bedclothes n pl see also @ clothes
bedside nU/adj
bed bottom
2
bed nC
bee
bee nC
riverbed nC see also @ river seabed nC see also @ sea
go to bed put to bed take to bed bedbug nC see also 2 @ bug bedpost nC see also 3 @ post deathbed n usu sing see also @ death twin bed nC see also @ twin bedroom suburb/ community nC Am see also @ community, suburb, dormitory bedrock nU see also 1 @ rock
because
become 1
bed furniture
beehive nC
45
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
beef
beef nU
beer
beer nCU
beetle
before
before conj/prep/ adv earlier
beg
begin behalf
begin vI beginning nC
I beg your pardon exclam see also @ 1&2 pardon
C2
X
beekeeper nC beekeeping nU see 2 also @ keep /keeper beef up phr v make stronger
beefburger nC esp Brit see also @ burger
beetle nC
ginger beer nC see also @ ginger root beer nCU Am see also @ root
before prep in front of
beforehand adv
beg vIT make urgent request
the day/night/week etc before
beginner nC
beg vIT ask for money, etc beggar nC
before prep watched, examined by
to begin with
behalf n sing
on behalf of/on sb’s behalf
behavioural adj Brit/ behavioral adj Am
misbehave vI misbehaviour nU Brit/ misbehavior nU Am well-‐/badly-‐behaved adj behind bars see also 3 @ bar behind the scenes see also @ scene behind the times 1 see also @ time
behave
behaviour nU Brit/ behavior nU Am
behave vI
behind adv, prep
behind adv/prep at the back of sth/sb
C1
behind adv/prep late behind adv/prep in a race behind adv/prep responsible for
46
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
belief/believe
belief nC believe vT think, have opinion
believe in sth phr v
believer nC unbelievable neg adj
believable adj disbelief nU
bell
bell nC
belly
belly nC informal
belong
belongings n pl
beloved see also @ love below
belong vI/belong to ownership belong vI right, suitable, etc
fall behind phr v leave behind phr v stay behind phr v disbelieve vIT unbelievably neg adv believe it or not beyond belief would you believe it? make believe nU doorbell nC see also @ door bellyache nC informal bellyache vI informal see also @ ache
beloved adj
below adv less than
belt nC clothing seatbelt nC see also @ seat safety belt nC see 1 also @ safe / safety bench nC
belt nC on machine
belt nC strip of land
bend vIT bend nC
belt
below adv, prep lower position
bench
bend
green belt nC usu sing see also @ green workbench nC see 2 also @ work bendable adj unbending neg adj
47
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
bent adj
X
beneath
beneath adv, prep
bendy adj informal bend down phr v bend over phr v bend over backwards phr v
benefit
benefit nCU gain, advantage
benefit nC social security payment
beneficial adj
beneficiary nC
beneficially adv unemployment benefit nU see also @ employ/ employment
benefit vIT
benevolent
benevolently adv
benevolent adj benevolence nU benign adj
benign
berry
strawberry nC
berry nC
besides prep
besides adv
blackberry nC blueberry nC cranberry nC raspberry nC beside oneself (with) beside the point see 1 also @ point
beside
beside prep next to
besides
besiege see @ siege
besiege vT
besieged adj
best see also @ good, well
best sup adj
best-‐selling adj
the best thing n sing see also @ thing at best for the best try/do one’s best get/have the best of had best make the best of
best sup adv the best n sing
best-‐seller nC see also @ sell
benignly adv
48
headword
A1
A2
bet
betray
better see also @ good, well
better comp adj better comp adv
better adj healthy, recovered
B1
B2
C1
C2
bet nC bet vIT wager, gamble
bet vT be sure
betray vT
betrayal nU
X
best man n sing see 1 also @ man betting nU betting shop nC see also @ shop traitor nC
between adv, prep between two places between adv, prep between two times between adv, prep between two amounts between adv, prep shared between people
the better n sing the … the better had better/’d better better off adj for the better get/have the better of the bigger/sooner, etc the better in between
beverage nC
beware see also @ wary bewilder
beware vIT
bewilder vT
bewitch see also @
bewildered adj bewildering adj bewilderingly adv bewilderment nU bewitch vT
get better
between
beverage
49
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
witch beyond
bias nC usu sing
beyond adv, prep outside limit
biased adj
bewitched adj bewitching adj be beyond one/it’s beyond me unbiased neg adj
bible/the Bible n sing
biblical adj
bibliography nC
bibliographical adj
cyclist nC
cycling nU
bicycle vI bike vI biker nC biking nU motorcyclist nC see 2 also @ cycle /cyclist, motor bidder nC bidding nU
bias
beyond adv, prep further away
bible
bibliography
bicycle/bike see also 2 @ cycle
bid
big
big adj large
big adj important
bike nC informal motorcycle motorbike nC see also @ motor cycle vI motorcycle nC see also @ motor bid vIT make offer in auction bid nC
bilateral
bilateral adj
bilaterally adv
bilingual see also @ linguistic 1 bill document, invoice
bilingual adj
bill nC invoice, receipt, etc bill nC Am banknote
bill nC
bill law
3
bill nC
bill vT send an invoice billboard nC see also 1 @ board
billion
billionaire nC
bin
billion cardinal number bin nC Brit
dustbin nC Brit
wastepaper bin nC
bin vT esp Brit
2
bill poster
bicycle nC bike nC informal bicycle
X
50
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
see also @ waste, paper
X
binman nC Brit see 3 also @ man bin-‐liner nC see also 3 @ line binding nCU binder nC bound adj bind vT
1
bind vT
2
binding adj
biochemical see also @ chemical
biography
biology
autobiography nC
autobiographical adj
bird
bird nC
seabird nC see also @ sea
biology nU biological adj
biography nC biographer nC biographical adj biologist nC biologically adv
biochemical adj biochemistry nU biochemist nC
birth/birthday
birth nCU give birth (to)
bird of prey nC see also @ prey birdsong nU see also @ song bird-‐watcher nC bird-‐watching nU 1 see also @ watch blackbird nC see 1 also @ black birth certificate nC see also @ certificate birth control nC see also @ control
bind tie up
bind promise, secret, etc binoculars
childbirth nU see also @ child birthday nC see also @ day birthday cake nCU
binoculars n pl
birthplace nC see also 1 @ place
51
headword
A1
A2
biscuit see also @ cookie, cracker bishop 1
bit small amount
2
bit part, component bitch
bite
1
bitter bad taste, bad feeling 2 bitter very
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
date of birth n sing 1 see also @ date birthmark nC see 1 also @ mark
see also @ cake birthday card nC see 1 also @ card birthday party nC 1 see also @ party birthday present nC 1 see also @ present biscuit nC Brit
bishop nC
archbishop nC
a bit adv, pron esp Brit a little, slightly bit nC small piece of sth bit nC
quite a bit/a good bit
bitch nC
bite vIT bite nC sth bitten off
bite nC insect bite
bitter adj taste
bitterly adv
bitter adj fig: resentful, angry, etc
bitty adj bit by bit do one’s bit every bit bits and pieces see also @ piece bitch vI informal bitchy adj informal son-‐of-‐a-‐bitch nC offensive esp Am see also @ son biting adj very cold frostbite nU frostbitten adj see 1 also @ frost soundbite nC see 1 also @ sound bite off more than you can chew idiom see also @ chew bitterness nU
bitter adj
bitterly adv
bishopric nC
to the bitter end see
52
headword
bizarre
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
bizarre adj
black adj black nU
blackboard nC see 1 also @ board
black eye nC see also @ eye
blackmail vT blackmail nU
bladder
bladder nC
blade
blade nC of knife, skates, etc
blade nC fig: grass, shoulder, oar, etc
1
black colour
2
black negative, illegal
X
also @ end bizarrely adv black adj tea, coffee, etc blacken vIT blackness nU blackberry nC see also @ berry blackbird nC see also @ bird black and blue in black and white black adj negative (illegal, hostile, etc) blackmailer nC black economy n usu sing see also @ 1 economy blacklist vT blacklist nC see also 1 @ list black magic nU see also @ magic black market nC usu sing see also @ 2 market black sheep nC see also @ sheep razorblade nC see also @ razor rollerblade nC
53
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
blame
blame vT
blame nU
bland
bland adj
blank
blanket
blank adj blank nCU blanket nC
blast
blast nCU blast vT
blanket adj covering everything blanket vT cover everything
X
rollerblading nU see 1 also @ roll /roller shoulder blade nC see also @ shoulder blameless neg adj be to blame blandly adv blankly adv blank out phr v
at full blast
blaze
bleak
bleak adj
blaze nC blaze vI
bleed see also @ blood blend
bleed vI
bleeding adj
blast off phr v blast-‐off nC ablaze adj set ablaze bleakly adv bleakness nU bleeding nU
blend vT
blend nC
blender nC
bless
blessed adj bless you! exclam
1
blind adj
bless vT wish sb happiness, etc bless vT by priest, etc blessing nC good fortune blessing nCU religious blind vT make sb
blindness nU
colour-‐blind adj Brit/
blind sightless
54
headword
2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
blind
blindly adv
X
color-‐blind adj Am see also @ colour/color go blind turn a blind eye
blind window covering blink
blind nC usu pl
blink vIT
bliss
bliss nU
bloc
bloc nC
1
block nC large piece of stone, wood, etc
2
block vT
blockade nC blockage nC blocked adj
3
block nC Am
block tall building
4
block nC
bloke
blond/blonde
blonde nC
bloke nC Brit informal blond/blonde adj
tower block nC see also @ tower
blood see also @ bleed
blood nU
bloody adj covered in blood bloody adj very violent
blood donor nC see also @ donate/ donor bloodstain nC
block lump of stone, wood, etc block obstruct
block city block
blink nC blinker n usu pl blinkered adj blissful adj blissfully adv chopping block nC Am see also @ 1 chop block off phr v block up phr v unblock vT unblocked neg adj stumbling block nC see also @ stumble
55
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
bloody emphasis, intensifier
bloom
bloody adj/adv informal esp Brit for emphasis; indicating anger
blossom
blouse
blouse nC
blow vI
1
blow wind, etc
bloodstained adj see also @ stain blood vessel nC see 2 also @ vessel in cold blood see 1 also @ cold shed blood bloodshed nU see 2 also @ shed one’s (own) flesh and blood see also @ flesh
blooming adj
bloom nC bloom vI blossom nC blossom vI
blow up phr v inflate
2
blow nC hit
blow nC shock
blow one’s own trumpet see also @ trumpet come to blows
3
blue adj blue nC
blow up phr v explode
bluish adj blue-‐collar adj see also @ collar blueberry nC see also @ berry
blow hitting blow /blow up explode blue
X
56
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
black and blue out of the blue a bolt from the blue 2 see also @ bolt
blueprint
blunt
blur
blueprint nC see also 1 @ print blunt adj opp. sharp blunt adj frank bluntly adv blur vIT
blush
blush vI
board nC plank
cardboard nU/adj see 1 also @ card
board up phr v above board adj across the board
blackboard nC see 1 also @ black
chessboard nC see also @ chess
billboard nC see also 2 @ bill board game nC see 1 also @ game chalkboard nC see also @ chalk chopping board nC Brit see also @ 1 chop diving board nC see also @ dive/diving floorboard nC see 1 also @ floor ironing board nC see
1
board plank
board nC for board game board nC short for noticeboard, diving board, blackboard, etc
blunt vT bluntness nU blur n usu sing blurred adj blush nC
57
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 2
2
board enter ship, train, aircraft, etc
board management group 4 board accommodation
board vIT on board boarding card nC Brit 1 see also @ card boarding pass nC 2 see also @ pass
board nU
boast
boat
boat nC
boast vIT boast nC
3
aboard adv/prep
boarding nU
board nC
also @ iron scoreboard nC see also @ score skateboard nC/vI skateboarding nU skateboarder nC see also @ skate snowboard nC snowboard vI see also @ snow springboard nC see 3 also @ spring surfboard nC see also @ surf overboard adv
boardroom nC see 1 also @ room board vI boarder nC boarding house nC 2 see also @ house boarding school nC see also @ school full-‐/half-‐board nU boastful adj boastfully adv boating nU in the same boat/ all
58
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
in the same boat
body
bog
1
boil heat liquid
ferryboat nC see also @ ferry lifeboat nC see also @ life
body nC physical body nC corpse frame of person, creature, etc anybody pron no matter who anybody pron in neg and questions nobody pron somebody pron
body nC group of people body nC of vehicle, structure, etc embody vT
bodily adj bodyguard nC see also @ guard
bog nC
boiled adj boiler nC boiling adj
boil vIT
boatyard nC see also 2 @ yard canal boat nC see also @ canal fishing boat nC see also @ fish flying boat nC see 1 also @ fly rowing boat nC Brit/ row boat nC Am see 3 also @ row sailing boat nC Brit/ sail boat nC Am see also @ sail/sailing speedboat nC see also @ speed tugboat nC see also @ tug able-‐bodied adj disembodied neg adj embodiment nC usu sing keep body and soul together
bog down phr v usu pass boggy adj boil down to phr v boil over phr v
59
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
boil spot
boil nC
1
bold adj
embolden vIT
bold adj
boldly adv boldness nU
1
bolt lightning, etc
2
bolt nC nut and bolt see 2 also @ nut
bolt nC
bomb
bomb nC bomb vT drop from an aircraft bomb vT destroy with a bomb
bomber nC military aircraft bomber nC sb with a bomb bombing nCU
bond link
bond nC
bond vIT
a bolt from the blue see also @ blue atom/atomic bomb nC see also @ atom bombshell nC casing of bomb bombshell nC fig: shock; see also @ 2 shell hydrogen bomb nC see also @ hydrogen nuclear bomb nC see also @ nuclear suicide bomb/ bomber nC see also @ suicide time bomb see also 1 @ time bombard vT attack bombard vT do sth excessively bombardment nCU
bone
bone nC bone nU
bony adj
bold unafraid, adventurous 2 bold dark print bolt metal fastener
bone vT boneless adj have a bone to pick
60
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
with sb make no bones about sth collarbone nC see also @ collar jawbone nC see also @ jaw thigh bone nC see also @ thigh
cheekbone nC see also @ cheek
backbone nC see 2 also @ back
bonfire see also @ 1 fire bonnet
bonfire nC
bonus
bonus nC
bonnet nC Brit car part; bonnet nC hat see also @ hood
book nC
booklet nC
exercise book nC 2 see also @ exercise
guidebook nC see also @ guide
chequebook nC Brit/ checkbook nC Am see also @ cheque/ 2 check phone book nC see 1 also @ phone , telephone
bookstore nC esp Am 2 see also @ store coursebook nC see 1 also @ course handbook nC see also @ hand textbook nC see also @ text
book vIT
bookcase nC see 3 also @ case bookseller nC see also @ sell/seller bookshelf nC see also @ shelf bookshop nC see 1 also @ shop cookery book nC Brit/ cookbook nC Am see also @ cook/cookery notebook nC see 1 also @ note booking nC booking office nC 2 see also @ office
1
book volume
2
book make booking
bookish adj by the book bookworm nC see4 also @ worm pocket book nC see also @ pocket reference book nC see also @ refer/ reference rulebook nC see also 1 @ rule scrapbook nC see also @ scrap storybook adj see 1 also @ story book in phr v
61
headword 3
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
book /books accounts
books n pl
boom economic prosperity boost
boom nCU
X
bookkeeping nU bookkeeper nC see 2 also @ keep boom vI booming adj boosted adj
boost vT
boost vI
booster nC
1
boot nC
2
boot start a computer booth
3
boot nC Brit see also @ 2 trunk boot vT/boot up phr v
border
border vT
bore fail to interest
bore nC
boredom nU boringly adv
bordering adj border on phr v
born
born/be born v pass
border nC boundary, division bore vT bored adj boring adj
booth nC phone/telephone booth nC see also @ 1 phone , telephone border nC edge
newborn adj see also @ new
borough
borough nC
borrow
borrow vT
boss
boss nC
boss vTboss about phr v
borrower nC borrowing nU bossy adj
boot tall, heavy shoe boot car trunk
boot vT informal boot out phr v informal reboot vT
born adj born-‐again adj inborn adj reborn adj unborn neg adj
62
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
botany
both
both det, pronoun both conj/both … and
bother vI
bother nU
1
C2
X
botany nU botanical adj botanist nC
can’t be bothered
bottle nC
bother vT bother nC
bottom nC usu sing
bottom adj
bottle vT bottled adj
bothered adj bothering adj bottling adj/nU
bottom body part
2
bottom nC
bottom vI bottomless neg adj bottom out phr v from top to bottom from the bottom of one’s heart see also 1 @ heart rock bottom nU/adj informal see also @ 1 rock
boulder
boulder nC
bounce
bounce vIT
bound /be bound to see also @ bind 2 bound /boundary
bound adj be bound to boundary nC
bouncy adj bounce nC bounce back phr v
1
bother make an effort 2 bother worry, annoy bottle bottom lowest part
1
bounded adj be bounded by sth in/out of bounds
63
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
bourgeois
bourgeois adj
bourgeoisie nU
within the bounds of sth know no bounds
bout
bout nC
1
bow out phr v
bow vI bow nC bow nC
bow nC
rainbow nC see also @ rain
bowel nC
1
bowl nC
bowtie nC see also 2 @ tie bowels of the Earth 1 see also @ Earth
2
bowls nU game
box nC container box nC container + contents box nC on document
bowl vIT bowler nC bowling nU
box in phr v box up phr v
boxed adj
letterbox nC see 1 also @ letter
call box nC see also 2 @ call matchbox nC see 1 also @ match phone box nC see 1 also @ phone , telephone
ballot box nC see also @ ballot coolbox nC Brit see also @ cool horsebox nC see also @ horse lunch box nC see also @ lunch mailbox nC see also @ mail moneybox nC see also @ money
bow bend body in respectful greeting 2 bow weapon 3
bow knot for hair, shoes, etc bowel bowl container bowl throw ball in sport 1
box container
64
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
X
pillbox nC see also @ pill pillar-‐box nC Brit see also @ pillar post box/P O box nC 1 see also @ post / post office signal box nC see 2 also @ signal toolbox nC see always @ tool voice box nC see also @ voice witness box nC see also @ witness boxing match nC see 2 also @ match boxing ring nC see 1 also @ ring boyhood nCU boyish adj boy band nC see 1 also @ band toy boy nC informal see also @ toy
box /boxing sport
box vI boxing nC
boxer nC
boy
boy nC
boyfriend nC see also @ friend schoolboy nC see also @ school
cowboy nC see also @ cow
choirboy nC see also @ choir
boycott
bra/brassiere
boycott vT boycott nC bra nC abbrev
brace
brace vI
brace nC
bracelet
bracelet nC
bracket parenthesis
bracket nC Brit
bracket vT
bracket nC
1 2
bracket fastening
brassiere nC
65
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
brain
brain nC
brainy adj informal
brake
1
branch nC tree part
brake nC brake vIT
branch nC division: river, railway, etc
branch vI
branch sub-‐office, shop, etc 1 brand named product 2 brand /brand new
2
branch nC
branchline nC Brit see also @ line branch out phr v olive branch nC see also @ olive
brand nC
brand vT
brand name nC see also @ name
brandy
brandy nU
brand new adj see also @ new
brass
brass nU metal
brassy adj
brave
brave adj
breach
breach nC
brass nU musical instruments bravely adv bravery nU breach vT formal
bread
bread nU
bread roll nC see 2 also @ roll
breadcrumb n usu pl see also @ crumb bread-‐and-‐butter adj ordinary, routine garlic bread nU see
branch tree part, etc
brain drain n sing see also @ drain brainwave nC see 2 also @ wave pick sb’s brains rack one’s brains scatterbrain nC scatterbrained adj see also @ scatter
brave vT
66
headword
breadth see also @ broad 1 break physical, emotional, etc/ broken
A1
B1
B2
C1
C2
breadth nCU
break vT physically break, destroy sth
break vT break a record break nC
broken adj
breakable adj
break in/into phr v burgle break-‐in nC burglary break up phr v end a relationship
break down phr v fail to operate breakdown nC mechanical break down phr v emotionally, mentally breakdown nCU emotional, mental breakdown nCU in relationship
breakthrough nC
A2
breakup nC
X
also @ garlic gingerbread nU see also @ ginger breakage nCU unbreakable neg adj unbroken neg adj break away phr v breakaway adj break down (into) phr v divide break even phr v no profit, no loss break in phr v interrupt break off phr v remove end of sth break off phr v end suddenly break out phr v escape from prison, etc break through phr v overcome problem, etc break up phr v break into pieces break up phr v disperse break up phr v Brit finish school at end of term heartbreak nU/
67
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
heart-‐broken adj 1 see also @ heart broken-‐hearted adj 1 see also @ heart icebreaker nC see also @ ice
break start suddenly
2
break out phr v war, argument, disease etc outbreak nC
break short rest, holiday, etc
3
break nC
coffee/lunch/tea, etc break nC
breakfast
breakfast nCU
breakfast vI
breast
breast nCU
abreast adj
X
break into laughter/ a smile/song/ tears/ applause, etc break (the) news/ breaking news see also @ news daybreak/break of day n sing see also @ day break nC Brit commercial break on TV break for lunch/ coffee, etc break vT interrupt a journey take a break continental breakfast nCU see also @ continent/ continental (full) English breakfast nC double-‐breasted adj see also @ double make a clean breast of sth keep abreast of
68
headword
breath
A1
A2
breath nCU
B1
B2
C1
breathing adj
C2
breeder nC breeding nU
breed vIT breed nC breeze nC
catch one’s breath hold one’s breath out of breath take one’s breath away under one’s breath
breezy adj
brevity nU
bribe
brick
brick nCU
bribe vT bribe nC
brew vIT brew nC brewer nC brewery nC brewing nU bribery nU
bride
bride nC
bridge nC
breathe vIT
breathtaking adj
breed
breeze
brevity see also @ brief brew
bridge structure
breathless neg adj
X
brick vT/brick up phr v brickwork nU see 2 also @ work bridegroom nC see also bridal adj @ groom bridesmaid nC see also @ maid bridge vT bridge nC part of nose bridge nC part of ship bridge a/the gap idiom see also @ gap footbridge nC msee
69
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
1
brief adj
briefly adv
brief instructions
2
brigade
brigade nC
bright adj
brief short
bright adj
brief nC Brit brief vT briefcase nC see also @ 2 case briefing nC fire brigade nC Brit see 1 also @ fire brighten vT brightly adv brightness nU
1
brilliant adj
brilliantly adv
brilliant! exclam
2
brilliant adj
bring vT carry sth somewhere
bring vT cause, be accompanied by bring sth back phr v return
brilliantly adv brilliance nU
bring up phr v raise a child
bring sth about phr v cause
upbringing nC
bring about phr v make sth happen bring around/round phr v persuade bring back phr v revive memories bring down phr v reduce prices, etc bring down phr v
1
bright shining; strongly coloured 2
bright intelligent brilliant very bright brilliant very intelligent 1 bring 2
bring phrasal verbs, compounds, etc
also @ foot suspension bridge nC see also @ 2 suspend / suspension in brief briefs n pl brevity nU debrief vT debriefing nC
70
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
government, etc bring down phr v bring to the ground bring forward phr v make sth earlier bring home to make aware bring sth in phr v introduce bring in phr v earn, produce income, bring off phr v succeed bring on phr v cause bring (sth) out phr v launch a product bring out phr v expose, make clear bring round/to phr v back to consciousness bring sth up phr v mention bring up phr v vomit on the brink of sth
brink
brink n sing
brisk
briskness nU
bristle
brisk adj briskly adv bristle nC
brittle
brittle adj
broad see also @ breadth broadcast
broad adj wide, opp. narrow
broadly adv
breadth nCU
broaden vI
broadcast nC broadcast vIT
broadcaster nC broadcasting nU
broad-‐minded adj 1 see also @ mind newscaster nC esp Am see also @ news
71
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
brochure
brochure nC
broken see also @ break
broken adj
broker
broker nC
bronze
broom
bronze nU metal bronze nU colour bronze adj broom nC
unbroken neg adj heart-‐broken adj broken-‐hearted adj 1 see also @ heart brokerage nU stockbroker nC stockbroking nU see 2 also @ stock
brother
brother nC
brotherhood nCU brother-‐in-‐law nC see 2 also @ law
brow
brown
browse
brown adj brown nCU
brow nC face part eyebrow nC see also @ eye
half-‐brother nC see 1 also @ half step-‐brother nC see 3 also @ step browbeaten adj
brown vIT brownish adj
bruise
brush
brush nC
brush aside phr v brush off phr v
browse vI read casually browse vIT computing browser nC computing bruise nC bruise vT bruised adj brush vT sweep with brush vT touch a brush lightly
72
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
toothbrush nC see also @ tooth
brute
bubble
buck see also @ dollar bucket
C1
hairbrush nC see also @ hair paintbrush nC see also @ paint
X
brush up phr v brushstroke nC see 2 also @ stroke scrubbing brush nC see also @ scrub shoebrush nC see also @ shoe brutally adv
bubble nC bubble vI buck nC informal Am
brute nC brutal adj brutality nU
bucket nC
buckle fastener
buckle nC
bud
bud nC
Buddhism
budget
budget nCU
Buddhism nU Buddhist nC Buddhist adj
buckle vT buckle down (to) phr v buckle up phr v bud vI budding adj
buffalo
budget vI budgetary adj buffalo nC
budget adj budget for
buffer
buffer nC
buffer vT
buffet
1
bug nC informal
buffet nC buffet adj
buffet car nC see 2 also @ car
2
bug nC
bedbug nC see also
bug illness bug insect
C2
bubbly adj
73
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
1
build vIT building nC
builder nC building nU
rebuild vT
built-‐in adj shipbuilding nU see 1 also @ ship
build physique
2
build nU
@ bed build in/into phr v incorporate build on/upon phr v build up phr v build-‐up nC rebuilt adj rebuilding nU well-‐built adj
bulb electrical
bulb nC
bulk
bulk nC
bulky adj
bull
bull nC male cow
bullet
bullet nC
bulletin
bully
bum
bulletin nC news bulletin nC see also @ news bully nC bully vT bum nC informal
bulk out phr v in bulk bull nC other male animals bulletproof adj see 3 also @ proof
bump impact
bumper
bun
bunch
bundle
bunch nC group of things, e.g. fruit
bunch nC informal group of people
build construct, increase
bullying nU
bump nC bump vIT bumper nC Brit = fender nC Am bun nC
bum bag nC Brit informal see also @ bag bump into phr v
bunch vIT
bundle nC
bundle up phr v
74
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
bungalow
bundle vT
bungalow nC
bunny
bunny nC
burden
burden nC
bureau
burger
burger nC hamburger nC
bureau nC bureaucracy nU
bureaucrat nC bureaucratic adj
Easter bunny nC see also @ Easter burden vT unburden vT
burglar
burn
burn vIT damage, hurt by fire burn vI be on fire
burst
burst vIT shatter, explode, etc burst vI/burst into phr v emotion – joy, tears, etc
burst nC
outburst nC
bury/burial
bury vT
burial nCU
beefburger nC see also @ beef cheeseburger nC see also @ cheese burglar nC burglary nCU burgle vT Brit/ burglarize vT Am burglar alarm nC see also @ alarm burn nC burning adj burnt/burned adj
sunburn nU/vI sunburnt/sunburned adj see also @ sun
burner nC burn down phr v burn out phr v burn up phr v heartburn nU see 1 also @ heart burst in (on)/into/ through phr v suddenly enter burst out phr v burst into tears see 2 also @ tear cloudburst nC see also @ cloud buried adj
75
headword
A1
bus
bus nC by bus
bush
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
bus station nC see 1 also @ station bus stop nC see also 1 @ stop
minibus nC see also @ mini
bus vIT
bush nC
X
unburied neg adj burial ground nC see 2 also @ ground trolley bus nC see also @ trolley
1
business nU trading business nC company
on business
business class nU 2 see also @ class
businessman nC see 3 also @ man businesswoman nC 2 see also @ woman
2
business nU
1
bust vT informal
bust statue
2
bust nC
bushy adj beat about/around the bush businesslike adj go out of business in business on business business trip nC see 1 also @ trip get down to business have no business (doing sth) mean business mind your own business busted adj go bust
busy
busy adj esp Am engaged (telephone)
busily adv
but nC usu pl no ifs and/or buts all but
business trading, commerce
business matter, affair; see also @ busy
bust break
1
but conj contrast
busy adj occupied, active busy adj having lots of work
2
but prep except
but conj but prep
76
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
butcher
butcher nC sb selling meat
butt end of rifle, cigarette, etc butter
butt nC
butter nU
butter vT buttered adj buttery adj
butterfly see also @ 2 fly button
butterfly nC insect
button nC on clothing button nC on machine
button vT/button up phr v
buy
buy vIT
buyer nC
buy nC
buying nU
buzz
buzz vI
by prep cause by prep method by prep beside by prep authorship
by prep before a time
by prep measurement, quantity, calculations, etc
1
by prep
X
but for butcher nC mass murderer butcher/butcher’s nC Brit shop butcher vT butchery nU butter sb up phr v bread-‐and-‐butter adj ordinary, routine peanut butter nU see also @ peanut unbutton vIT unbuttoned neg adj buttonhole nC in clothing buttonhole nC flower in buttonhole; see also @ hole buy into phr v buy off phr v buy out phr v buy-‐out nC buy up phr v buzz nC usu sing buzzer nC
77
headword
A1
A2
by air/car/train/ plane/ sea/ship, etc by oneself
by mistake see also @ mistake
by accident see also by heart see also @ 1 @ accident heart by all means see also @ means by chance see also 1 @ chance by name see also @ name by turns see also @ 2 turn
by far see also @ far
by adv
by adv passing
1
bye sports
2
bye exclam informal bye-‐bye exclam informal
by day see also @ day by hand see also @ hand by law by night see also @ night by means of by no means by post see also @ 1 post by sight see also @ sight by surprise see also @ surprise by the way by and by by and large see also @ large
bye nC
by-‐election see also @ elect/election bypass see also @ 3 pass
by-‐election nC
Cc
bypass vT bypass nC
cabaret
cabaret nCU
cabbage
cabbage nCU
2
bye see also @ goodbye
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
78
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
1
cab nC
cab cabin
2
cabin
cab taxi
C1
C2
X
taxicab nC see also @ taxi
cab nC cabin nC of truck, aircraft, ship, etc cabin nC hut
1
cabinet nC
cabinet group of ministers cable
2
cabinet nC usu sing
cablecar nC see also 2 @ car
cafe
café nC
cable nCU thick wire cable nU TV etc system
cafeteria nC
cage
cage nC
cage vT
cake
cake nCU
fruitcake nCU see also @ fruit wedding cake nCU see also @ wed/ wedding
pancake nC
calcium
birthday cake nC see also @ birth/ birthday Christmas cake nCU see also @ Christian/ Christmas
caged adj ribcage nC see also @ rib cake vI a piece of cake see also @ piece the icing on the cake 2 Brit see also @ ice carrot cake nCU see also @ carrot cupcake nC see also @ cup
calcium nU
calcify vIT
calculate mathematical calendar
calculation nCU
calculate vT calculator nC
calendar nC
miscalculate vT miscalculation nCU
cabinet furniture
79
headword
calf
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
calf nC
1
call vT often pass
so-‐called adj
2
call vIT call nC phone call nC see 1 also @ phone , telephone
call box nC see also 1 @ box
caller nC
give sb a call call back phr v call up phr v
call vIT shout call nC
call vT wake sb up
call visit
calm
calmly adv
calm adj emotional calm vT
calm nU
calorie
calm adj sea, weather, etc
call by phr v visit informally call for phr v collect call in phr v call on phr v
call away phr v call for phr v demand call off phr v cancel call on sb to do sth phr v demand call out phr v shout call to mind see also 1 @ mind
calorie nC
calmness nU calm down phr v
camel
camel nC
camera
camera nC
cameraman nC see 3 also @ man digital camera nC see also @ digital surveillance camera nC see also @ surveillance
call give name call telephone
3
call shout
4
80
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
camp
camp nCU camp vI campsite nC see also @ site
camping nU
campaign
campaigner nC campaigning nU
campus nC
campaign vI/ campaign for/ against phr v
campus
campaign nC political, advertising, etc
can modal v possibility
can tin
can modal v ability can modal v permission can modal v request
can nC
can vT
canal
canal nC
canned adj can-‐opener nC see also @ open/opener
cancel
cancel vIT
cancellation nCU
canal boat nC see also @ boat cancel out phr v
cancer
cancer nCU
cancerous adj
candidate
candidate nC
candle
candle nC
candidacy/ candidature nU candelabra nC
candy
candy nCU esp Am
cane
cane nCU cane vT
sugarcane nU see also @ sugar
1
can modal v
2
base camp nC see 2 also @ base concentration camp nC see also @ 2 concentrate refugee camp nC see also @ refuge/ refugee encamp vIT formal encampment nC
81
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cannon
cannon nC
canoe
canopy
canoe nC canoe vI canopy nC
canoeist nC canoeing nU
canteen
canteen nC
canvas
canvas nU
canyon
canyon nC
1
cap nC hat
cap nC lid, cover cap nC cover a bottle, well, etc
cap limit
2
capable
capability nCU
capable adj skilled, talented
capacity
capacious adj
cape garment
capable adj able capable of capacity nCU volume
cap vT cap nC incapable neg adj
baseball cap nC see also @ baseball shower cap nC see 1 also @ shower skullcap nC see also @ skull cap vT cover ice cap nC see also 1 @ ice snow-‐capped adj see also @ snow
cape nC
1
2
capitalize vT
3
capital nC capital adj capital adj capital nC capital nU
capitalism nU capitalist nC
capitalist/ capitalistic adj
cap hat, cover
capital main city capital uppercase capital finance
82
headword 4
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
capital punishment involving death
capsule
captain
captain nC
caption
capture/captive
1
2
C2
X
decapitate vT decapitation nCU
capsule nC
capital adj capital punishment nU see also @ punish/ punishment
captain vT
captaincy nCU
caption nC
capture vT
captivity nU
car nC by car
captivate vT captivating adj captor nC armoured car nC Brit/ armored car nC Am see also @ armour/ armor estate car nC Brit 1 see also @ estate sports car nC see also @ sport
car railway carriage
car park nC see also 2 @ park motor car nC see also @ motor police car nC see also @ police racing car nC Brit/race car nC Am 1 see also @ race
capture nU captive adj captive nC
car nC esp Am
dining car nC see also @ dine/dining sleeping car nC see 1 also @ sleep / sleeping
caravan
caravan nC Brit see also @ trailer
carbohydrate
carbohydrate nC
buffet car nC see also @ buffet cablecar nC see also @ cable streetcar nC Am see also @ street caravan site nC Brit see also @ site caravanning nU Brit
carbon
carbon nU
carbon dioxide nU
carbon monoxide nU
card nU Brit stiff paper
card nC postcard
cardboard nU/adj see 1 also @ board
car road passenger vehicle
1
card stiff paper,
encapsulate vT
83
headword
plastic, etc
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
card nC identity, credit, etc card nC greetings
card nC postcard
cardboard nU/adj see 1 also @ board
postcard nC see also 1 @ post
loyalty card nC see also @ loyal/loyalty smart card nC see 2 also @ smart
card game
cardiac
card nC cards n pl
birthday card nC see also @ birth/ birthday boarding card nC Brit 1 see also @ board Christmas card nC see also @ Christmas credit card nC see 1 also @ credit identity card nC see also @ identity playing card nC see 1 also @ play
cardiac adj
care for phr v look after take care of sb/sth
carer nC
caretaker nC
cardiac arrest nCU cardiovascular adj caring adj care home nC see 2 also @ home carelessly neg adv carelessness nU
career woman nC
cargo nCU
cargo plane nC see also @ plane
2
1
2
3
care vIT care nU careful adj care nU careful adj carefully adv careless neg adj
care /care to like to do sth
4
career
career nC
care vI care nC usu pl care to phr v care for phr v be fond of
cargo
care look after
care attention
care worry
84
headword
A1
A2
B1
carpenter
carpet
carriage horse-‐ drawn vehicle
1
carriage railway vehicle/car 3 carriage see also @ carry carrot
2
B2
C1
C2
X
carpet nCU
carpenter nC carpentry nU
carriage nC
carriage nC esp Brit
carpet vT carpeting nU carpeted adj baby carriage nC Am = pram nC Brit; see also @ baby, pram dual carriageway nC Brit see also @ dual, 3 way
carriage nU
carrot nC
carry
carry vT lift and move
carry on phr v continue carry out phr v perform aircraft carrier nC 2 see also @ air / aircraft
carrier nC sb who carries sthg carrier nC aircraft carrier
cart
cart nC horse-‐drawn goods vehicle
cartoon
cartoon nC animated film
carrot cake nCU see also @ cake 3 carriage nU carry away phr v carry forward phr v carry off phr v carry over phr v carry through phr v mail carrier nC Am see also @ mail cart vT cart/shopping cart nC Am see also @ 1 shop / shopping put/set the cart before the horse idiom cartoonist nC
85
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
cartridge
cartoon nC amusing illustration
carve
carve vIT
case nC problem, in case (of) example case nC court case case nC medical case case nC
in that case/ in my/your etc case in any/some/no case
suitcase nC see also 2 @ suit
case furniture, etc
cash/cashier
cash nU
bookcase nC see 1 also @ book cash vI
staircase nC see also @ stair
cassette
cassette nC cassette player nC
1
case problem, example
2
case container
3
C2
X
cartridge nC
ink cartridge nC see also @ ink carved adj carver nC carving nU/adj carvery nC carving knife nC see carve out phr v also @ knife carve up phr v a case in point see 1 also @ point case study nC see also @ study casing nC encase vT briefcase nC see also @ packing-‐case nC see 2 1 brief also @ pack pillowcase nC see @ pillow vanity case nC see 1 also @ vain / vanity showcase nC see also 1 @ show cashier nC in cash cash in on cash in hand cash flow nU see also @ flow cashpoint nC Brit® see also @ point2 petty cash nU see also @ petty
86
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
1
cast vT select actors
see also @ play cassette recorder nC 1 see also @ record video cassette nC see also @ video cast nC usu sing
cast throw net, etc
2
cast vT
castle
castle nC
cast about/around (for) phr v cast aside phr v cast off phr v cast out phr v outcast nC cast light on see also 1 @ light castellated adj
casual
casual adj
casually adv
casuals n pl
casualty
casualty nC sb hurt or killed
cat
cat nC
cat food nU
catalogue/catalog
catalyst
catalogue nC Brit/ catalog nC Am
catalogue vT Brit/ catalog vT Am catalyst nC
casualty nU Brit = emergency room nC Am cattery nC copycat nC see also @ copy cataloguing adj Brit/ cataloging adj Am catalytic adj
catastrophe
catch vIT take hold of sth catch vT fish, etc catch vT apprehend
catch vT/catch up (with sb) phr v chase
catch nC sth that is caught
cast actors
1
catch grab, take hold of sth
catastrophe nC catastrophic adj catch nC handle, lock, etc
catastrophically adv catchment nU be caught in sth catch fire see also @ 1 fire catch on phr v
87
headword
2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
become popular catch sb out phr v catch sight of sb/sth see also @ sight safety catch nC see 1 also @ safe /safety
catch board bus, train, etc 3 catch become infected with an illness category
catch vT
catch vT
catch (a) cold see 2 also @ cold
category nC
categorize vT
cater
cater vIT
cathedral
cathedral nC
cater for phr v catering nU caterer nC
catholic
catholic adj/nC
Catholicism nU
cattle
cattle n pl
cauliflower
cauliflower nC
cause
cause nC reason cause vT
causal adj
causation nU causality nU causeway nC
caution nU care caution nC warning
cautiously adv
cautionary adj precautionary adj
cavalry
caution vT cautious adj precaution nC
cavalry nU
cave
cave nC
caveman nC see also 3 @ man cave in phr v cavern nC
causeway see also 3 @ way caution
88
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cavity
cavity nC
cavernous adj
CD
CD nC abbrev
CD-‐ROM nC abbrev
cease
cease vT formal
ceiling
ceiling nC in room
ceasefire nC see also @ cessation nC 2 fire ceaseless neg adj ceaselessly neg adv unceasing neg adj unceasingly neg adv ceiling nC maximum
celebrate vIT
celebration nC
celebratory adj
celebrity nC
celeb nC informal
celebrate vT formal celebrated adj celery nU
1
cell nC
cellular adj
2
cell room in prison
cell nC esp Am battery cell/cellphone nC esp Am see also @ 1 phone
cell nC
cellar
cellar nC
cellmate nC see also 2 @ mate
cement
cemented adj
cemetery
cemetery nC
cement nU cement vT
census
census nC
1
cent nC
2
percent/per cent
percentile nC
1
celebrate commemorate 2 celebrate praise sb/sth celery cell organism cell battery/phone
3
cent money, coin cent /per cent
89
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
centenary/ centennial centigrade
adj/adv percentage nCU
centigrade nU
centimetre/ centimeter see also 2 @ metre/meter 1 centre/center middle
centimetre nC Brit/ centimeter nC Am
centre nC Brit/ center nC Am central adj at the centre
centre vT Brit/center central adj most vT Am important, crucial central heating nU see also @ heat/ heating town centre nC esp Brit see also @ town
centre nC Brit/ center nC Am information centre/ center see also @ inform/information medical centre/ center nC see also @ medicine/medical sports centre/center nC see also @ sport tourist information centre/center nC see also @ tour/ tourist
2
centre/center place, building
C1
C2
X
centenary nC Brit centennial nC Am
centrally adj centralize vT
decentralize vIT decentralization nU decentralized neg adj off-‐centre adj Brit/ off-‐center adj Am centrepiece nC Brit/ centerpiece nC Am see also @ piece self-‐centred adj Brit/ self-‐centered adj Am see also @ self leisure centre/ center nC see also @ leisure
90
headword
century
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
ceramic
century nC 100 years
cereal
cereal nCU
century nC score of 100 in sport ceramic adj ceramics nU
ceremony
ceremony nC
ceremonial adj
1
certain adj certainly adv
ascertain vIT formal
certain unspecified person or thing certificate
2
certain adj/pron
certainty nC certainty nU uncertain neg adj uncertainty nCU
certificate nC
certification nU certified adj certify vT
chain
chain nCU linked metal
chair nC
chain nC fig – events, mountains, reaction, etc chain vT/chain up phr v
birth certificate nC see also @ birth death certificate nC see also @ death marriage certificate nC see also @ marry/marriage chained adj chainsaw nC see also @ saw
certain sure, in no doubt
1
chair furniture
armchair nC see also 1 @ arm wheelchair nC see also @ wheel
ceremonially adv ceremonious adj ceremoniously adv unceremoniously neg adv for certain make certain of sth
deckchair nC see also @ deck pushchair nC Brit see also @ stroll/stroller
91
headword
2
chair meeting
A1
A2
chairman nC see 3 also @ man chairwoman nC see 2 also @ woman
challenge difficulty
1
challenge bid for title, leadership, etc chamber
2
challenge nC challenge vT question, create problem for sb
champagne champion
chalk
B2
C1
C2
X
rocking chair nC see 2 also @ rock
chair nC chairman/ woman chairperson nC see also @ person
chair vT
chairmanship nU
chalk nU
chalk vT
challenger nC challenging adj challenged adj
challenger nC
challenge nC challenge vIT chamber nC
champagne nU
unchallenged neg adj chambermaid nC see also @ maid chamber of commerce nC see also @ commerce
champion vT
by chance
chance vIT
chalky adj chalkboard nC see 1 also @ board chalk up phr v
1
champion nC championship nC chance nU
2
chance nC
chance on/upon phr v mischance nCU formal take one’s chances stand a chance of
chance nC
chance luck
chance likelihood, possibility 3 chance opportunity
B1
92
headword 4
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
chance risk
chance nC
chancellor senior politician 1 change become/ make different
chancellor nC Brit
change vIT become/ make different
change vT buses, trains, planes, etc
change vI exchange
changing adj
changeable adj
change nC
changed adj unchanged neg adj
exchange nCU
2
change clothes
3
1
change money
channel waterway, etc 2 channel radio/TV station chant
X
chance vT take a chance unchanging neg adj change hands see also @ hand change into phr v change over phr v changeover nC change one’s mind 1 see also @ mind for a change in exchange (for) stock exchange nC 2 see also @ stock
exchange vT take exchange rate nC one thing for another see also @ rate exchange vT change money
change vT convert money
change vIT clothes
channel nC
channel vT
interchange nCU interchange vIT interchangeable adj interchangeably adv loose change nU small change nU short-‐change vT short-‐changed adj 2 see also @ short changing room nC 1 see also @ room
channel nC
chant vT chant nC
chanting nU
93
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
chaos
chaos nU
chaotic adj
chap
chap nC Brit informal
chaotically adv in chaos
chapel
chapel nC
chaplain nC
chapter
chapter nC in book
1
character nC
characteristic nC
characterize vT
characteristic adj
characteristically adv
2
character nC
uncharacteristic adj uncharacteristically neg adv in character out of character
character nC
charcoal nU
charge vIT charge nC
overcharge vIT
charged adj
charge nC charge vT
service charge nC 1 see also @ serve / service
in charge (of)
take charge
charge accuse
4
charge vT charge nC
charity
charity nC organization
charity nU
charitable adj
charm
charming adj
charm nC lucky charm
chart
chart nC diagram, table, etc
charm nCU charm vT
chart nC map
chart vT
countercharge nC bring charges drop (the) charges uncharitable neg adj charity shop nC Brit 1 see also @ shop charmed adj charmingly adv uncharted neg adj
character quality
character person in book, film, etc 3 character symbol, letter, etc charcoal see also @ coal 1 charge ask money for sth 2
charge energy supply 3 charge /in charge
94
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
charter constitution
charter nC
chase
chase vIT
chase nC
chat
chat vI chat nCU
cheap
cheap adj
cheaply adv
chatty adj chat up phr v chat room nC see 1 also @ room chat show nC Brit 2 see also @ show chatter vI chatter nU chatterbox nC informal cheapen vI
cheat
cheat vIT cheat nC
1
check vT
check nC
2
checkbook nC Am/ chequebook nC Brit 1 see also @ book
paycheck nC Am/pay cheque nC Brit see also @ pay
3
check nC Am/cheque traveller’s cheque nC nC Brit Brit/traveler’s check nC Am see also @ travel check in phr v check out phr v check-‐in nCU check-‐out nCU
check examine, make sure
check /cheque see also @ cheque
check register at hotel, airport, etc
cheating nU cheater nC cheat on sb check over phr v check up phr v check-‐up nC checklist nC see also 1 @ list double-‐check vIT see also @ double unchecked neg adj
checkpoint nC see 2 also @ point
95
headword
A1
A2
B1
cheek
cheek nC face part
1
cheer /cheerful happy
2
cheerio
B2
C1
C2
X
cheekbone nC see also @ bone
cheer vIT cheer nC
cheers! exclam
cheerful adj
cheerio exclam Brit
cheer vT cheer (sb) up phr v cheerfully adv
cheer on phr v cheer leader nC esp Am see also @ 1 lead / leader
cheese
cheese nCU
chef chemical/chemist/ chemistry
chemical nC
cheque/check
cheque nC Brit/ check nC Am
cherry
chemical adj chemist nC Brit pharmacist chemist nC scientist chemistry nU traveller’s cheque nC Brit/traveler’s check nC Am see also @ 2 check , travel
cheeseburger nC see also @ burger chef nC biochemistry nU biochemist nC biochemical adj
chess
1
chest container
2
chestnut see also @ 1 nut chew
cheer shout
chest body part
cheesy adj chemically adv chemotherapy nU see also @ therapy
chequebook nC Brit/ checkbook nC Am 1 see also @ book
pay cheque nC Brit/ paycheck nC Am see also @ pay
cherry nC
chest nC
chess nU chessboard nC see also 1 @ board
chest nC
chestnut nC
chest of drawers nC see also @ drawer
chew vIT
chewy adj
96
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
chewing gum nU see 2 also @ gum
chicken
chicken nC bird chicken nU meat chief nC chief adj
chick nC
chief
chiefly adv
child/children
child/children nC
childhood nCU
childbirth nCU see also @ birth
childish adj
grandchild nC see 2 also @ grand
schoolchild/children nC see also @ school
chill
chimney
chill vIT chill nC usu sing chimney nC
chilling adj chilly adj
chin
chin nC
X
chew over phr v bite off more than you can chew idiom see also @ bite chieftain nC chief executive/chief executive officer nC see also @ executive commander-‐in-‐chief nC see also @ 2 command / commander childishly adv childishness nU child’s play nU see 1 also @ play childproof adj see 3 also @ proof foster child nC see also @ foster godchild nC see also @ god chilled adj chimneypot nC see also @ pot chimneystack nC see also @ stack chimney sweep nC 1 see also @ sweep double chin nC see also @ double
97
headword
A1
A2
1
2
chip computer component
3
chocolate
chocolate nU substance chocolate nC confectionery chocolate nU/adj colour
chip fried potato, French fry
chip damage
1
choice choosing; see also @ choose
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
chip nC esp Brit fried potato chip nC esp Am snack of thin fried potatoes = crisp nC esp Brit chip nC chip vIT chip nC computer chip nC see also @ computer
fish and chips nU see also @ fish
chipped adj chipped potato nC Brit see also @ potato potato chip nC Am see also @ potato chipped adj
silicon chip nC see also @ silicon
chocolatier nC chocoholic/ chocaholic nC informal
choice nCU
multiple-‐choice adj multiple-‐choice question nC see also @ multiple, question
choice variety
choice nCU act of choosing choice nC sth chosen
choir
choir nC
choirboy/girl nC see also @ boy, girl
choke
choke vIT
chorister nC choirmaster nC see also @ master
cholesterol
cholesterol nU
choose see also @ 1&2 choice 1 chop cut, hack
choose vIT
chosen adj
choosy adj informal
chop vT
chopped adj
chopper nC Brit chopping board nC Brit see also @
2
98
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
chop piece of meat
chop nC
board chopping block nC Am see also @ block
chord
chord nC
chore
chore nC
chorus
chorus nC
choral adj
chorus vT
Christian/Christmas
Christian adj
Christianity nU
unchristian neg adj
Christmas nCU
Christmas day nC usu sing
happy/merry Christmas!
Christmas Eve nC usu sing see also @ eve
chronic
Christian nC Christian name nC see also @ name Christmas cake nCU see also @ cake Christmas card nC 1 see also @ card Christmas present nC see also @ 1 present Christmas tree nC see also @ tree
chronic adj
chronically neg adv
chuckle
chunk
chuckle vI chuckle nC chunk nC
church
church nC building church/the church nU institution
churchyard nC see also 2 @ yard
go to church churchgoer nC
cigarette nC
cigar nC cigarette lighter nC 2 see also @ light / lighter
2
cigar/cigarette
99
headword
cinema
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cinema nC building
circle nC round shape circular adj
circuit nC
circulation bnU
encircle vT
circular leaflet sent to many people circumstance
circle vIT circle nC group of people circulate vI
circular nC
circumstance nC usu pl
circus
circus nC
circumstantial adj under any/some/no circumstances in/under the circumstances
cite
cite vT
citation nC
citizen
citizen nC
citizenship nU
city see also @ citizen civic
city nC
inner city n sing
city hall nC esp Am 2 see also @ hall
senior citizen nC see also @ senior
civic adj
civil within a country
civil adj
civilian
civilian nC civilian adj
civil war nC see also @ war civil rights n pl see 5 also @ right / rights civil servant nC civil service n sing 2 see also @ serve / servant/service
circle/circular
1
2
cinema nU art, industry cinematic adj go to the cinema encirclement nU circular saw nC see also @ saw
100
headword
civilization
A1
A2
B1
claim say that sth is true 2 claim collect sth; see also @ reclaim clamp
claim vT claim nC
clan
B2
C1
C2
X
civilization nCU civilize vT
civilized adj
uncivilized neg adj
claimant nC
claim vIT claim nC
clamp vT clamp nC
clan nC esp Scot
clap
clarify see also @ 1 clear clash
clap vIT applaud clap nC loud noise (thunder, etc) clapping nU
disclaim vT disclaimer nC unclaimed neg adj lay claim to clamped adj clamp down (on) phr v wheelclamp nC see also @ wheel clansman/woman nC clannish adj clap nC usu sing applause
clarification nCU
classmate nC see 2 also @ mate
clash nC clash vI
clarify vT clarity nU
evening class nC see also @ evening
first/second/third, etc class nU see also @ first first-‐/second-‐/third-‐ etc class adj see also @ first
business class nU 1 see also @ business economy class nU see also @ 2 economy
top-‐class adj see also @ top
class vT
classify vT classification nCU
middle class nC middle-‐class adj see also @ middle
classless neg adj
1
1
class learning group class nC classroom nC see 1 also @ room 2 class level of service
3
class group of people/things
class nC group
101
headword
A1
A2
classic
clause
claw
clay clean
B2
C1
C2
classically adv
claw vT claw back phr v
classical music nU see also @ music
claw nC
clay nU
clean adj opp. dirty clean vIT
cleaner nC cleaning nU vacuum cleaner nC see also @ vacuum
cleanliness nU cleanse vT
1
clear adj
2
clear adj clearly adv
clearly adv clarify vT clarity nU unclear neg adj unclear neg adj
clear vT clear adj without obstacles
clearance nU clearing nC
clear adv out of the way clear vT jump over sth
clear obvious, without doubt 3 clear empty, without obstacles
4
clear without touching
X
working class adj 1 see also @ work
classic adj classic nC classical adj clause nC part of legal document clause nC grammar
clear not confused, understandable; see also @ clarify
B1
clean out phr v clean up phr v dry cleaning nU see also @ dry spring-‐clean viT, nU 1 see also @ spring unclearly neg adv clear up phr v clarify
clear-‐cut adj make clear clear away phr v clear out phr v clear up phr v tidy up clear the air see also 1 @ air keep/steer clear of
102
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
clear adj transparent, cloudless clear adj sharply-‐ focused, opp. blurred clear vI weather
clearance n usu sing space under bridge, etc
clear vT find not guilty
clench
clench vT
clergy
clergy n pl
clerk
clerk nC
clerical adj
clever
clever adj
click
client
client nC
click vI click nC
cleverly adv cleverness nU clever at be clever with
clientele nCU
cliff
cliff nC
climate
climate nU weather
climatic adj
climax
climate n usu sing situation
climax nC
climax vIT
climb
climb vIT
climb nC climber nC
rock climbing nU 1 see also @ rock
5
clear obtain permission 7 clear without guilt
6
clear transparent, etc
clear up phr v improve (weather)
clear vT clearance nCU
cleared adj clear conscience nCU see also @ conscience clenched adj clergyman nC see 3 also @ man clerically adv
103
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
cling
cling vI
climbing nU
clinic
clip fasten
clinic nC clinical adj
cloak
clip nC paperclip nC
clock
o’clock adv
clock nC
clone
close vIT
closing time nC see 1 also @ time
closed adj closure nCU
closely adv
closet
close adj close adv
enclose vT enclosure nC
WC nC abbrev = water closet
closet nC esp Am
cloth
cloth nCU
clothes
clothes n plural
clothe vI clothing nU
bedclothes n pl see 1 also @ bed
tablecloth nC see 1 also @ table
cloud
cloud nCU
1
close shut
2
close near
cloakroom nC room for coats; toilet; see 1 also @ room alarm clock nC see also @ alarm put/turn the clock forward/back
X
clinically adv clinician nC clip vT
cloak nC
cloak vT
clock in phr v clock out phr v clockwise adj anti-‐clockwise adj Brit counter-‐clockwise adj Am
clockwork nU/adj around/round the clock work against the clock clock up phr v
clone nC clone vT close n sing
cloned adj cloning nU close down phr v come/draw to a close enclosed adj
closeness nU
close in (on) phr v close up phr v closet adj facecloth nC see also @ face clothes peg nC Brit / clothes pin nC Am see also @ peg, pin cloud vT make sth
104
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
cloudy adj
clown
X
more difficult cloud over phr v cloudless neg adj ash cloud nC see also @ ash cloudburst nC see also @ burst clown vI
clown nC
1
club nC society club nC place of entertainment
nightclub nC see also @ night
2
club cards ♣
3
club nC club vT
clubbing nU club together phr v cricket/football/golf /rugby, etc club nC strip club nC see 1 also @ strip golf club nC stick
club n usu pl
clue
clue nC
clumsy
clumsy adj
cluster
cluster nC
cluster vIT
clued in adj informal clueless neg adj informal clumsiness nU clumsily adv
clutch
clutch vT
clutch nC
co-‐
1
2
coach nC bus coach nC railway carriage
co-‐worker nC esp Am co-‐author nC see also 1 see also @ work / @ author worker
coach vT coach nC
coaching nU
club society
club large stick
coach vehicle
coach train/trainer
stage coach nC see 1 also @ stage
105
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
coal
coal nU
coalition
coalition nC
colliery nC charcoal nU
coarse
coarse adj
coast seashore
coast nC
coastal adj
1
fur coat nC see also @ fur
coat layer of fur, paint, etc cocaine
2
coat nC raincoat nC see also @ rain
coarsely adv coarseness nU coastline nC see also @ 1 line overcoat nC
coat nC coat vT cocaine nU
undercoat nC undercoat vT coke nU informal
cock male chicken
cock nC
cockpit
cockpit nC
cocktail
cocktail nC
cocoa
cocoa nU
coconut see also @ 1 nut cod
coconut nCU
cod nU
1
code nC
codify vT
code secret writing
2
code nCU
coefficient
code vT coded adj decode vT encode vT coefficient nC
coffee
coffee nU coffee nC coffee adj
coffee bar nC see 1 also @ bar
coffee break nC see 2 also @ break
coffeecup nC see also @ cup
black coffee nCU white coffee nCU coffee bean nC see also @ bean
coat clothing
code set of rules
collier nC
106
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
coffin
coffin nC
cognitive
cognitive adj
coherent
coherent adj
coherence nU incoherent neg adj
cohort
cohort nC
coil
coin
coin nC
coil nC coil vT coinage nU
coincide
coincide vI
coincidence nCU
1
cold adj
cold/the cold nU
coldly adv
cold illness
2
cold nC
collaborate
collaboration nU
collaborate vI
collaborative adj
collapse
collapse vI
collapse nCU
collar
collar nC
cold low temperature
X
coffeepot nC see also @ pot cognition nU cognitively adv coherently adv incoherently neg adv incoherence nU coiled adj coin vT coin it in phr v Brit coincidental adj coincidentally adv coldness nU give sb the cold shoulder see also @ shoulder put/pour/throw cold water on sth see also @ water in cold blood see also @ blood catch (a) cold collaborator nC collaboratively adv in collaboration with collar vT informal collarbone nC see also @ bone
107
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
colleague nC
dog collar nC see also @ dog blue-‐collar adj white collar adj
collect gather, save (e.g. as a hobby) 2 collect pick sth up from somewhere college
collect vT collection nC
collectively adv
collect vT
collector nC collective adj collection nC
college nC
collide/collision
collision nC
collide vI
colliery see @ coal
colliery nC
colon punctuation
colonel
colon nC semi-‐colon nC colonel nC
colony
colony nC colonial adj
colonialist nC
colour/color
colour nC Brit/color nC Am
colour vT Brit/color vT Am
coloured adj Brit/ colored adj Am
colourful adj Brit/ colorful adj Am
watercolour nC Brit/ watercolor nC Am
colonialist adj colonize vT colonialism nU colonist nC colonization nU colouring nU Brit/ coloring nU Am
colleague 1
colourless neg adj Brit/ colorless neg adj Am colour-‐blind adj Brit/ color-‐blind adj Am see also @ blind discolour vIT Brit/ discolor vIT Am
108
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
discoloration nU column
column nC pillar
comb
combat
comb nC comb vT hair
combine
come
come vI arrive come vI approach come in phr v enter come from phr v born/ live somewhere come to/for phr v come + purpose
column nC in book, newspaper, etc
combat nU combat vT
combine vIT combination nC
combined adj
comb vT search comb through phr v combatant nC/adj non-‐combatant nC/ adj combative adj
coming nC arrival
come home see also @ home
come down phr v reduce, e.g. price
coming adj happening soon
newcomer nC
comeback nC incoming adj
come about phr v happen come across/by phr v find by chance come across phr v communicate come along phr v progress, develop come along phr v accompany come apart phr v disintegrate come between phr v prevent, cause disagreement come by phr v overtake come by phr v visit come forward phr v volunteer come in phr v come into fashion come into phr v
109
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
inherit come off phr v fall off come off phr v succeed come on! exclam hurry up; support come on phr v appear on stage, etc come on phr v improve come out phr v emerge come out phr v appear, be produced, etc come out phr v bloom, etc come out with phr v say, express come to/and see visit come round/around phr v visit come round phr v occur regularly come round/to phr v regain consciousness come round/around phr v change one’s mind, agree come through phr v survive come to phr v total
110
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
come under phr v be responsibility of come up phr v be mentioned come up against phr v face problem, etc come up for phr v be due for come up to phr v approach come up with phr v invent, etc oncoming adj upcoming adj esp Am
comedy/comic
comedy nCU comic adj
comic nC magazine
comedian nC
comet
comet nC
comfort pleasant feelings, surroundings, etc 2 comfort sympathise, soothe
comfortable adj
comfort nCU
uncomfortable neg adj
discomfort nCU
uncomfortably neg adv
comma
comma nC
comfort vT comfort nU comforting adj
1
command nC
command vT
inverted commas n pl see also @ invert
2
command nU
command vT commander nC
commanding adj in command take command commander-‐in-‐chief nC see also @ chief
1
command order command lead
comic nC comedian comical adj comedienne nC
111
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
commemorate see @ memory commence
commemorate vT
commencement nU
comment/ commentary commerce/ 1 commercial
comment nCU
comment vIT
commence vIT formal
command post nC 5 see also @ post commemoration nU commemorative adj
commentate vI
commercial adj
commerce nU
commentary nCU commentator nC
commercially adv
commercial nC
chamber of commerce nC see also @ chamber
commission nC
commissioner nC
commission vT
commit do sth commit vT illegal 2 commit /committed believe in/support sth committee committee nC
commitment nU
commit suicide see also @ suicide
committed adj
sub-‐committee nC
commit vI non-‐committal neg adj
commodity
commodity nC
1
common adj
commonly adv
uncommon neg adj
2
common adj in common
uncommonly neg adv by common consent see also @ consent common sense nU/ commonsense adj 3 see also @ sense common nC
2
commercial advertisement 1 commission official committee 2 commission start 1
common usual, frequent
common shared
112
headword
A1
A2
B1
commons
commonplace
commonwealth
communal/ community
community nC
communicate
communication nU
B2
C1
C2
X
the Commons nU Brit the House of Commons nU Brit
commonplace adj
commonwealth nU esp Brit
communal adj
communicate vIT
communicative adj
bedroom community nC Am see also @ bed/ bedroom, dormitory town communication nC
telecommunications nU
communion
communism
communist nC
communist adj
communism nU
communion nU religious ceremony
commuter
compact
1
2
company nC
company nU companion nC
compare vIT
comparison nCU
company presence company business, corporation compare
telecommunication adj telecom adj informal
compact adj
commuter nC commute vI
keep sb company part company
comparable adj comparative adj
comparatively adv
compact vT
incomparable adj beyond/without comparison by/in comparison (with)
113
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
compartment
compartment nC
compass device for finding direction compassion
compass nC
compartmentalize vT Brit
compassion nU
compassionate adj
compassionately adv
compatible
compatible adj
compel/compulsion
compensate
compensation nU
compel vT compulsory adj
compatibility nCU incompatible neg adj compelling adj compulsion nU
compete/ competition competent
competition nCU
compete vI
competitive adj
competitor nC
competence nCU
competent adj
competing adj competitiveness nU incompetent neg adj
compile
compile vT
compilation nC
uncompetitive neg adj competently adv incompetently neg adv incompetence nU compiler nC
complacent
complain/ 1 complaint
complaint illness
2
complain vIT complaint nCU act/ instance of complaining
complacent adj complacency nU
complaint nC
complement
complete finished
1
complete adj complete vT
completion nU
complement vT complement nC complementary adj incomplete neg adj
2
complete adj
complete very
compensate vI
compensated adj
complainant nC uncomplaining neg adj
completed adj incompletely neg adv incompleteness nU
114
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
great, total 3 complete fill in form, etc 1 complex complicated 2 complex group of buildings 3 complex psychological condition complexion
completely adv
complete vT
complex adj
complexity nCU
complex nC
complex nC
complexion nC
complicate
complication nCU
compliment
complicate vT complicated adj
comply
comply vI
compliance nU compliant adj
compliment nC compliment vT complimentary adj
uncomplicated neg adj uncomplimentary neg adj
component
component nC
non-‐compliance nU non-‐compliant neg adj
compose write music, poetry, etc/ composition 2 compose make
composite adj
compost
compose vT composition nU
compose vIT composer nC composition nCU
compost nU
compound nC
composite nC be composed of compost vT compost heap nC Brit/ compost pile nC Am see also @ heap, pile
compound vT
1
1
compound chemical substance 2 compound make
115
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
worse comprehend
comprehensive
comprehensive adj
comprehend vIT comprehension nU incomprehensible neg adj
comprise
comprisevT formal
compromise
compromise nCU
compromise vI
computer
computer nC
computer chip nC 3 see also @ chip laptop computer nC see also @ lap/ laptop
compute vIT formal computing nU
computerize vT computational adj
comrade
comrade nC
1
con deception
2
conceal
conceal vT formal
con nC con nC informal deception con vT informal deceive
concede/concession
conceit
concede vT concession nC
1
concept nC
conceive vT conception nC
conceptual adj
conceit nU conceited adj conceivable adj
2
conceive vIT
con disadvantage
conceive think, believe/ concept conceive become
X
comprehensively adv uncompromising neg adj computerization nU computer-‐literate adj computer literacy nU see also @ literacy/literate comradeship nU pros and cons n pl see also @ pro conman nC see also 3 @ man concealed adj concealment nU unconcealed neg adj inconceivable neg adj misconception nC conception nC
116
headword
pregnant/ conception see also @ contraception
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
conception nU contraception nU
concentrate vI concentration nU
concentrate vIT
concentration nCU
concern nCU concern vT concerned adj
as/so far as sb/sth is concerned
concern business, company, etc concert
concern nC
concern vT concerned adj concerning prep formal concert nC
concerted
concerted adj
concert hall nC see 2 also @ hall in concert
concerto
concerto nC
concession see also @ concede 1 conclude decide
concede vT concession nC
conclusive adj
inconclusive neg adj
concrete vT
concurrent adj
1
concentrate think hard 2 concentrate make denser
1
concern worry, responsibility 2
concern be about, involve
3
2
conclude vT conclusion nC
concrete building material 2 concrete definite
1
conclude vI conclusion nC
concrete adj
concrete nU concrete adj
concurrent see @
conclude finish
conception nC contraceptive nC contraceptive adj concentrate nC concentrated adj concentration camp nC see also @ camp unconcerned neg adj show concern for
117
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
1
X
current condemn
condemn vT
condemnation nU
concurrently adv condemned adj
condense
1
condition nCU
conditions n pl circumstances
conditioning nU
condensed milk nU see also @ milk in/out of condition
condition stipulation
2
condition nC
air-‐conditioning nU/ air-‐conditioned adj 1 see also @ air conditional adj
condense vIT condensation nU
condom
condom nC
unconditional neg adj unconditionally neg adv on condition that
conducive
conducive adj
1
conduct vT
2
conduct nU formal
misconduct nU
3
conduct vT
conduct vIT conductor nC
conduct oneself v formal
conduct carry electricity, heat, etc
cone/conical
confederation see @ federal/ federation confer discuss / conference confess
conference nC
condition state
conduct carry out conduct behaviour conduct lead musicians 4 conduct guide, lead 5
conduction nU
cone nC
conductor nC bus, train, etc conduct vIT conductor nC semi-‐conductor nC
confederation nC
confer vI
confess vIT
confession nC
press conference nC 2 see also @ press confessor nC
conical adj
118
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
confide vIT/confide in phr v confidential adj
confidentiality nU
confidence certainty, etc
2
confidence nU certainty
confidence nU trust confident adj
confidently adv
configuration
configuration nCU
confine
confine vT
confinement nU
confirm
confirmation nU
conflict
conflict nCU
confirm vT agree that sth is true confirm vT approve
confined adj confines n pl unconfirmed neg adj
conflict vI
conform
conform vI
conformity nU
confront
confront vT
confrontation nCU
non-‐conformist adj/ nC non-‐conformity nU confrontational adj
confuse
congratulate
congratulate vT
congregation
confuse vT confused adj confusing adj confusion nU congratulations! npl/exclam
congregation nC
congregate vIT
congress parliament
congress nC esp Am
congressional adj
congressman/ congresswoman nC Am see also @ 3 2 man / woman conjunction nC
conjunction nCU
in conjunction with
confidence secrecy
1
conjunction part of speech 2 conjunction /in
confidence nC in confidence take (sb) into one’s confidence self-‐confidence nU/ self-‐confident adj see also @ self configure vT
119
headword
conjunction (with) 1 connect join, etc
A1
A2
connection nC joint, etc
connect vIT join
connect relate
conquer/conquest
conscience
conscientious
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
connect vT put through by phone connection nC electrical, telephone, etc connection nC transport connect vT connection nC
disconnect vT
connected adj disconnected neg adj connecting adj
conquer vIT
conscience nCU
conquest nCU conqueror nC
connected adj unconnected neg adj in connection with conquered adj conquering adj in all/good conscience on one’s conscience have a clear/guilty conscience see also 1 @ clear /guilty
1
unconscious neg adj
conscious aware
2
conscious adj aware
conscious adj consciousness nU
consecutive
consensus
consent
consent nU
2
conscious awake
conscientious adj conscientiously adv
unconsciousness nU
consecutive adj
conscious adj deliberate consciously adv deliberately unconscious neg adj unconsciously neg adv
self-‐conscious/ consciousness nU see also @ self/self-‐ subconscious nU/adj subconsciously adv consecutively adv
consensus nU
consent vI
consensual adj by common consent
120
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
see also @ common
1
consequence
consequence nC
consequently adv
consequent adj formal
conservation
conservation nU
conservative
conservative adj traditional consideration nU formal
conservative nC
conserve vT conservationist nC conservatism nU
considering prep/ conj
reconsider vIT
reconsideration nCU all things considered in consideration of take into consideration all things considered inconsiderate neg adj
1
consider vIT
consider give attention to sb’s feelings considerable
2
considerate adj
consider vT consideration nU
considerable adj
considerably adv
consist
consist of vI
inconsiderable neg adj
consistent
consistent adj
consistently adv
consistency nU
inconsistent neg adj
inconsistency nCU
consolidate
consolidate vT
consolidation nU
consonant
consonant nC
consortium
consortium nC
conspicuous
conspicuous adj
conspiracy/conspire
conspiracy nC
constable
constable nC
conspicuously adv inconspicuous neg adj inconspicuously neg adv conspire vI conspirator nC constabulary nU
consider think/ considering
121
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
constant
constant adj
constantly adv
constant nC
constituency
constituent nC
constitute
constituency nC esp Brit constitute vT formal
constituent nC
constituent adj
constitution
constitutional adj
constitution nC
constrain
constrain vT formal constraint nC
construct
construction nU
reconstruction nU
reconstruct vT
constructive
construct vT construction nC
unconstitutional neg adj constrained adj unconstrained neg adj
constructive adj
consul
consult
consumer nC
consultancy nC consultative adj consulting adj
consume contact
contact nCU
contact vT
consul nC consulate nC consult vT consultant nC consultation nCU consume vT consumption nU
contain see also @ 1 content /contents contaminate
contain vT
container nC general: box, etc
self-‐contained adj see also @ self/self-‐ uncontaminated neg adj
contemplate
contemplate vT
container nC for transportation contaminate vT contaminated adj contamination nU contemplation nU
contemporary
contemporary adj at the same time
contemporary adj modern contemporary nC
contemporaneous adj formal contemporaneously adv formal
constructively adv unconstructive neg adj consular adj
122
headword
contempt
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
contempt nU
1
contend vT formal
2
content /contents see also @ contain 2 content satisfied
1
content nCU contents n pl
contention nC formal contentious adj contender nC contention nU
content adj
contented adj discontent nU
contest
contest nC
contest vT
contestant nC
context
context nCU
contextual adj
continent
continent nC
contingency
the continent n sing Europe continental adj
continue
continue vIT
continuous adj
continued adj continuing adj
contour
continually adv continuation nCU continuity nU continuously adv
contingency nC contingent adj continual adj continuum nC
contraception see
contend claim contend compete
X
contemptible adj contemptuous adj contemptuously adv contend vI table of contents nC 2 see also @ table contentment nU content vT contentedly adv discontented neg adj to one’s heart’s content see also @ 1 heart incontestable neg adj contextualize vT contextualization nU contextually adj in/out of context continental breakfast nC see also @ breakfast discontinue vT
contour nC
contraception nU
contraceptive nC
123
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
also @ conceive / conception 1 contract legal agreement 2 contract get smaller contradict
X
contraceptive adj contract nC
contractor nC
contractual adj
contract vT
contract vI
contraction nC
contracting adj
contradiction nCU
contradict vT contradictory adj
contrary
contrary adj
the contrary n sing
contrast
contrast nCU
contrast vI
contribute
contributor nC
contributory adj
control
control nCU control vT
contribute vT contribution nC
self-‐contradicting adj self-‐contradiction nCU see also @ self on the contrary exclam to the contrary contrasting adj by/in contrast in contrast to/with
controlled adj controller nC
uncontrolled neg adj
birth control nU see also @ birth border control nU see also @ border control room nC see 1 also @ room control tower nC see also @ tower passport control nU see also @ passport remote control nCU see also @ remote self-‐control nU see also @ self uncontrollable neg adj
124
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
uncontrollably neg adv in/under control out of control controversially asdv uncontroversial neg adj uncontroversially neg adv
controversy
controversy nCU controversial adj
convene see also @ 2 convention
convenience
convenient adj
convenience nU
convene vIT convention nC conference conveniently adv inconvenience nU inconvenient adj
convent
convent nC
1
convention nCU conventional adj
convention nCU conventional adj
convention conference; see also @ convene converge
2
convention nC
conversation
conversation nC
conversely
conversely adv
converge vI convergence nCU conversational adj converse vI
convert
convert vIT change
conversion nCU
convert vT change religion
convention tradition
inconveniently adv convenience nC lavatory public convenience nC see also @ public unconventional neg adj conventionally adv unconventionally neg adv
converse n sing
125
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
convey
convey vT
convict/conviction
conviction nCU
convict vT
convince
convinced adj
convincing adj
convincingly adj
cook
cook vIT
cooking oil nC see also @ oil
conviction nCU strong belief convince vT cook nC cooker nC cookery book nC Brit/ cookbook nC Am see also @ 1 book
cooking nU
cooked adj cookery nU
cookie see also @ biscuit cool
cookie nC esp Am
cool adj opp. warm
cool vIT
coolly adv
cooperate
cooperation bU
cooperate vI cooperative adj
X
convert nC converter/convertor nC convertible adj convertible nC soft top car conveyance nC convicted adj convict nC unconvincing neg adj unconvincingly neg adv overcooked adj uncooked neg adj undercooked adj cook up phr v pressure cooker nC 1 see also @ press / pressure cool adj emotionally cool, calm cool adj fun, fashionable coolant nCU cooler nC cooling adj coolness nU coolbox nC Brit see 1 also @ box cooperative nC uncooperative neg
126
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
coordinate vT
coordination nU coordinator nC
cop/copper police
cope/cope with
copper metal
1
cop/copper nC informal cope vI cope with phr v
adj coordinate nC uncoordinated neg adj
copper nU
copper coin
2
copper nC Brit usu pl
copper adj composition; colour
copy
copy nC duplicate copy vT
copy nC fake
copycat nC see also @ cat
copyright
copy nC book, paper, etc copier nC photocopy vT photocopy nC photocopier nC photocopied adj
copyright nCU
copyright vT
coral
coral nCU
cord thin rope
cord nCU
core
core nC fruit
cork
core nC centre, most important part of sth core adj
coral reef nC see also @ reef ripcord nC see also @ rip to the core
corn grain
corn nU
coordinate
3
cork nC cork nU cork vT
corkscrew nC see also @ screw cornflake nC see also @ flake peppercorn nC see 1 also @ pepper
127
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
corner
corner nC
corner vIT
corporation
corporate adj
corporation nC
popcorn nU see also 4 @ pop sweetcorn nU Brit 1 see also @ sweet cornerstone nC see also @ stone around/round the corner be in a tight corner cut corners turn the corner
corps
corps nC
corpse
corpse nC
correct
correct adj
correct vT rectify correctly adv
correction nC act, instance of correcting correlate vIT formal
correlate
correct vT grade academic work incorrect neg adj
correspond match, be alike 2 correspond write letters
correspondence nC correspondingly adv
corridor
correspond vI formal correspondent nC reporter corridor nC
correspond vI corresponding adj correspondence nU
correctness nU corrective adj incorrectly neg adv correlated adj uncorrelated neg adj
corrupt
corruption nU
corrupt adj
cos/’cos see also @ because cosmetic
cos/’cos conj/prep informal
corrupt vT incorruptible neg adj
cosmetic adj
cosmetics n pl
cosmos
cosmic adj
cosmos nU cosmonaut nC
1
correlation nC
128
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cost
cost nCU cost vT
costly adj formal
costs n pl
costume
costume nCU
cosy/cozy
cosy adj esp Brit/cozy adj esp Am
cot
cot nC
cottage
cottage nC
cotton
cotton nU
couch sofa
couch nC
cottage industry nC see also @ industry cottonwool nU Brit see also @ wool
cough
coughing nU
could see also @ can council
could modal past of can
cough vIT cough nC could modal request could modal suggestion council nC councillor nC council house nC Brit 1 see also @ house
could modal possibility
counsel vI counsel nU counselling nU Brit/ counseling nU Am counsellor nC Brit/
keep one’s counsel
1
counsel advise
at all costs at the cost of cost of living nC usu sing see also @ life/ living bathing costume nC see also @ beth/ bathe swimming costume nC see also @ swim/swimming cosily adv Brit/ cozily adv Am cosiness nU Brit/ coziness nU Am
129
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
counselor nC Am
count total
count vIT numbers
count nC adding
count /count on/ count upon rely on 1 counter surface in shop, etc 2 counter oppose
counteract see @ 1 act counterpart
2
counsel lawyer 1
2
C1
C2
X
counsel nC counselor nC esp Am
countless neg adj
count on phr v
counter nC countable adj uncountable neg adj countable/ uncountable noun nC see also @ noun count against phr v be to one’s disadvantage count down phr v towards zero countdown nC count in phr v include count out phr v count aloud count sb out phr v exclude count up phr v total sperm-‐count nC see also @ sperm
counter nC
counter vIT
counterpart nC
over the counter under the counter counter adj/adv counteract vT counteraction nCU
130
headword 1
country nation
A1
A2
B1
B2
county
country nU country adj countryside nU county nC
coup
coup nC
couple
couple vT
a couple (of) n sing informal two, a few
coupon
couple nC
coupon nC
courage
courageously adv
courage nU courageous adj
discourage vT
encourage vT urge on encourage vT give confidence to sb
encouragement nU giving confidence encouraging adj
discouraging neg adj discouragement nU
course nC
course nC
coursebook nC see 1 also @ book
course nC
4
of course exclam
in the course of in due course main course nC see 1 also @ main
5
course nC
1
2
course route, direction, journey 3 course part of meal course /of course course in sport, etc
X
country rural area
course class
C2
country nC nation, state
2
C1
country n sing country’s population
cross-‐country adj see 1 also @ cross
assault course nC see also @ assault golf course nC see also @ golf obstacle course nC see also @ obstacle race course nC see
131
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
also @ race courthouse nC esp Am see also @ 2 house courtroom nC esp Am see also @ 1 room
1
court nCU law court/court of law nC see also @ 1 law
court try to gain favour 3 court tennis etc ground courtesy
2
court vT
court nC
courtesy nCU
courteous adj
courtyard see also 2 @ yard cousin
courtyard nC
tennis court nC see also @ tennis courteously adv discourteously neg adv discourtesy nCU discourteous neg adj
cousin nC
1
cover vT
cover nC lid, outside of book, etc
uncover vT
cover news, etc
2
cow
cow nC
cover vT coverage nU
covering nU covered adj uncovered neg adj cover up phr v place cover over sth cover up phr v conceal cover-‐up nC take cover under cover
cowboy nC see also @ boy
court legal building
cover place sth over sth
sacred cow nC see also @ sacred
132
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
coward
coward nC
cozy/cosy
cozy adj esp Am/ cosy adj esp Brit
crab
crab nC
crack partial break
crack nC
crack vT
cracked adj
cracker see also @ biscuit cradle
cracker nC esp Am
crack down (on) phr v crackdown nC crack up phr v crackle vI crackle nCU crackling nU
cradle nC
cradle vT
1
craft nC
craft vT craftsman nC see also 3 @ man
craft boat, vehicle, etc
2
aircraft nC see also 2 @ air
hovercraft nC Brit see also @ hover
cram
craft nC spacecraft nC see 2 also @ space
craftsmanship nU witchcraft nU see also @ witch arts and crafts n pl 1 see also @ art
cram vT
cranberry
crane lifting machine crap
crane nC
crap nU informal
craft skilled work
cowardice nU cowardly adj cozily adv Am/cosily adv Brit coziness nU Am/ cosiness nU Brit
cram in phr v crammed adj cranberry nC see also @ berry crap vI informal crap adj informal
133
headword
A1
A2
crash
crate
crater
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
crap! exclam informal crappy adj informal
crash helmet nC see also @ helmet
crash nC accident, collision crash vI
crate nC
crate vT
crater nC
cratered adj
crave
crave vT
craving nC
crawl
crawl vI move on all fours
crawling adj
crazy
crazy adj informal insane cream nU thick milk cream nCU semi-‐ liquid substance ice cream nCU see also @ ice
crawl vI move slowly crawl nC slow movement
creamy adj
cream n sing the best part of sth cream off phr v remove best part shaving cream nU see also @ shave creamy adj
1
cream colour
2
cream nU/adj
create/creature
create vT
creation nCU
creative adj creature nC
creativity nU creator nC recreate vT
credential
credential nC usu pl
procreate vIT procreation nU
credible
incredibly neg adv
incredible neg adj
credibly adv
credit nU
credit card nC see 1 also @ card
creditor nC
credible adj credibility nU credit vT
cream thick milk & semi-‐liquid substances
credit paying after purchase
creatively adv
134
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
creed
creed nC
creek stream
creek nC
up the creek
creep
creep vI
crest
crest nC
crew
crew nC
cricket game
cricket nU
cricketer nC
crest vIT crested adj crew vIT crewman nC see 3 also @ man cricketing nU
crime
crime nC criminal adj
criminal nC
crisis/critical
crisis nC
critical adj
critically adv
crisp
crispy adj informal potato crisp nC esp Brit see also @ potato
criterion/criteria
criterion nC
crisp adj crisp nC esp Brit snack of thin fried potatoes = chip nC esp Am
criticism nU
critically adv
self-‐critical adj self-‐criticism nU
critic nC sb who criticizes criticize vIT
critic nC criticism nU
critique nC
literary critic nC literary criticism nU see also @ literarature/literary
1
critic /criticize/ criticism negative comment 2 critic /criticism reviewing
criminally adv criminalize vT incriminate vT crime scene nC see also @ scene crime wave nC see 2 also @ wave
135
headword
crooked
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
crooked adj bent
1
crop nC
crook nC informal criminal crooked adj informal criminal
2
crop vT
cropped adj
cross vIT
crossing nC street, railway, etc
crossroads n pl see also @ road
crossing nC journey across
cross-‐section nC see also @ section
cross vT fold one’s arms, legs, fingers, etc cross nC
cross-‐country adj 2 see also @ country cross-‐sectional adj see also @ section level crossing nC Brit 2 see also @ level pedestrian crossing nC see also @ pedestrian railroad crossing nC 1 Am see also @ rail zebra crossing nC Brit see also @ zebra cross off/out phr v cross one’s fingers
cross vT
crop plant crop trim, cut short 1
cross move across, intersect
2
3
cross nC symbol cross nC ornament, structure, etc
cross angry
4
cross adj
crossly adv
crossword/ crossword puzzle see also @ puzzle crouch
crossword nC crossword puzzle nC
crouch vI
crouch nC
crowd
crowd nC
crowd vIT crowded adj
overcrowd vT overcrowded adj
cross symbol x/+
cross mixture
136
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
crown
crown nC royal headgear
crucial
crucial adj
crude
cruel
cruel adj
cruise
crumb/crumble
crunch
crusade
C2
X
crown nC top of sth – head, hill, etc crown vT crucially adv
crowned adj
crude adj simple crude adj unrefined crude adj rude, pornographic cruelty nU
crudely adv
cruelly adv
cruise vIT cruise nC
cruiseliner nC see also @ liner
cruiser nC heavy warship cruiser nC large holiday ship crumb nC crumble vIT crunch n usu sing
crusade nC
crush
crush vT flatten
crust
crusade vI crusader nC crushed adj crushing adj crusty adj
crux n usu sing
breadcrumb n usu pl see also @ bread crunch vI
crust nCU
crush vT suppress crush n usu sing
1
cry vIT
cry n sing
crying nU
cry shout
2
cry out (for) phr v outcry nC a far cry from
crystal
cry nC shout cry nC bird, animal, etc noise cry vI
crystal nC
crystal adj crystalline adj crystallize vIT crystallized adj crystallization nU
cry weep
137
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cube
cube nC
cubic adj
cucumber
cucumber nC
cue
cue nC reminder for actor cue nC signal
cuff
cuisine
cuisine nCU
cuff nC sleeve end handcuff nC usu pl see 1 also @ hand cuff nC usu pl handcuffs
cue vT on cue take one’s cue from sb handcuff vT see also 1 @ hand cuff vT handcuff cufflinks n pl see also @ link
culminate
cult
cult nC
cultivate
culture nCU cultural adj cultural adj
culture nU
1
culture way of life 2
culture music, literature, etc cumulative see also @ accumulate cunning cup
culminate vI culmination nC usu sing
cultivate vT farm, etc
cultivation nU
culturally adv
cultivate vT develop sth cultivated adj cultivator nC multi-‐cultural adj
cumulative adj
cunning adj
cup nC drinking container cup nC content of cup cup of coffee, tea,
cup nC prize, competition for prize cup
eggcup nC see also @ egg
coffeecup nC see also @ coffee teacup nC see also 1 @ tea
cult adj
cultured adj uncultured neg adj cumulatively adv cunning nU cunningly adv cup vT cup nC cup-‐shaped object cupcake nC see also @ cake
138
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
etc
X
cupboard
cupboard nC
cupful nC cup and saucer see also @ saucer
curator
curator nC
curb see also @ kerb
cure
1
cure nC cure vT curious adj
curb vT curb nC curb nC Am/kerb nC Brit curbstone nC Am/ roadside kerbstone nC Brit/ see also @ stone cured adj
curiosity nU
curious unusual
2
curl
curl up phr v curler nC
currency
currency nCU
curl vIT curl nC curly adj
curious adj curiously adv curiosity nC
1
current adj
currently adv
current flow in liquid 3 current flow of electricity
2
current nC
concurrent adj concurrently adv current affairs n pl see also @ affair
current nC
curriculum
curriculum nC
curricular adj
alternating current/ AC nCU direct current/DC nCU extracurricular adj
curriculum vitae/CV see also @ resume/
curriculum vitae nC Brit
curious inquisitive
current contemporary
139
headword
résumé curry
A1
A2
B1
B2
curry nCU
1
curse spell
2
curtain
curtain nC
curve
cushion
custody 1
C1
CV nC abbrev Brit
C2
curse vI curse nC curse vI curse nC
curry house nC see 2 also @ house
curve nC curve vIT
cushion nC small pillow
curved adj curvature nU cushion nC protection cushion vT
custody nU
custom tradition
customary adj
custom nCU tradition, habit
curtain vT curtain off phr v curvy adj informal curvaceous adj cushioned adj pin cushion nC see 1 also @ pin custodial adj custodian nC
accustom vT
custom business/ customer customs tax department
customer nC
accustomed adj unaccustomed neg adj custom nU esp Brit
cut
cut vT with knife, etc cut nC opening, slit, cut vT reduce injury cut nC reduction
customs n pl customs officer nC 2 see also @ office
cutting nC clipping from newspaper, etc
cutter nC
uncut neg adj
cut up phr v slice haircut nC see also @ hair
cut across phr v take shortcut cut back phr v reduce, economize cutback nC
curse swear
2
X
140
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
cutlery
cutlery nU
reduction cut down phr v reduce cut in phr v interrupt cut out phr v remove cut out phr v stop doing sth cut short phr v short cut nC see also 1 @ short cut up about sth phr v upset
cute
cute adj
CV see @ curriculum vitae, 2 resume /résumé 1 cycle series of events 2 cycle bicycle; see also @ bicycle
cycle nC
curriculum vitae nC Brit CV nC abbrev Brit
cyclic/cyclical adj
cyclist nC
cycling nU
motorcyclist nC see also @ motor
cylinder
cycle vI cycle nC motorcycle nC see also @ motor
cylinder nC tube
cylindrical adj
cynic
cylinder nC engine part
cynical adj
Dd
cynic nC cynically adv cynicism nU
dad/daddy
dad nC informal daddy nC informal
sugar daddy nC see also @ sugar
141
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
daft
granddad/grandad nC informal see also 2 @ grand
daily see also @ day
daily adj/adv
dairy
dam
damage
damage nU damage vT
dam nC dam vT
dairy adj dairy nC
daily nC daily newspaper
damn
damn/damned adj/ adv cursed damn! exclam
damn vT
damp
damp adj
dance
dance vIT dance nC particular dance nU general dance nC event
dancer nC
dancing nU
danger
in danger
dangle
danger nCU dangerous adj
endanger vT endangered adj
ballroom dancing nU 2 1 see also @ ball / room ballet dancing nU ballet dancer nC see also @ ballet dangerously adv
damaged adj damaging adj damages n pl legal compensation undamaged neg adj damnation nU goddamn! exclam damn/damned adj informal very damp nU dampness nU damp/dampen vT make sth damp damp/dampen vT discourage
daft adj informal
dangle vIT
in danger of out of danger
142
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
dare
dare vI
dark
dark adj not light dark adj colour
dark/the dark nU darkness nU
darken vIT
darling
X
darling nC
dare nC daring nU daring adj daredevil nC/adj see also @ devil darkly adv in the dark not knowing before/after dark darling adj
1
dart vI
2
dart nC
dash punctuation
dash nC
dash vI dash nC
darts n sing board game dash off phr v
data
data n pl
database nC see 1 also @ base date vT write date out-‐of-‐date adj up-‐to-‐date adj
date vT assign age update vT modernize update vT inform of new developments update nC
date vIT date nC social meeting
date nC sb one goes out with dating nU
data-‐processing nU 1 see also @ process dated adj out-‐of-‐ date updated adj backdate vT outdated adj predate vT postdate vT date back to/from date of birth n sing see also @ birth date rape nCU see also @ rape dating agency nC see also @ agent/ agency
dart move quickly dart weapon; for board game 1 dash run, hurry 2
1
date day/month etc date nC day/month/ year, etc date nC particular date
2
date to go out with sb
143
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
foster daughter nC see also @ foster goddaughter nC see also @ god daunt vT dauntless neg adj undaunted neg adj dawn vI get light from dawn to/till dusk see also @ dusk
daughter
daughter nC
granddaughter nC 2 see also @ grand
daunt
daughter-‐in-‐law nC see also @ in-‐law great-‐granddaughter 2 nC see also @ great daunting adj
1
dawn nCU
dawn realize
2
dawn/dawn on sb phr v
day see also @ today
day nC 24 hours day nC opp. night day nC working day
daily adj/adv midday n sing nowadays adv
birthday nC see also @ birth weekday nC see also @ week
daylight nU see also 1 @ light daytime nU see also 1 @ time
the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday
dawn sunrise
daily nC daily newspaper daybreak/break of day n sing see also 2 @ break market day nC see 1 also @ market day after day day and night/night and day day by day day in, day out day off day-‐to-‐day by day one day the other day these days (in) those days in sb’s day one/some day
144
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
dead not alive; see also @ death, die 2 dead completely
dead adj death nCU
deadly adj
the dead nU
dead adv informal
deadline
deadline nC
deaf
deaf adj deafen vT
1
2
deal vT deal in phr v
dealing nU
deal/deal with phr v
deal nC dealer nC
deal vIT dealer nC
1
deal in card game deal buy and sell
X
someday adv to the day call it a day carry the day deadly adv informal dead end nC see also @ end the dead of night see also @ night deadlock nU deadlocked adj see also @ lock the deaf nU deafness nU deafening adj turn a deaf ear see 1 also @ ear
deal nC
drug dealer nC see 2 also @ drug raw deal nC see also @ raw
5
deal amount
dean
deal/a good deal/a great deal
1
dear adj Dear … salutation in
dean nC university officer
dearly adv
endear vT endearing adj
3
deal solve a problem 4 deal agreement
dear beloved
145
headword
A1
A2
2
letter, etc dear nC spoken addressing sb
dear expensive
3
death see also @ die, dead
dear /oh dear!
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
endearment nU
dear adj
dear/oh dear! exclam
dearly adv
death nCU
debate
debate nCU
debate vIT
debris
debris nU
deathly adv put to death deathbed n usu sing 1 see also @ bed death certificate nC see also @ certificate debatable adj debatably adv
debt
debt nC
in debt
debtor nC
debut
debut nC
in sb’s debt indebted adj debut vI
decade
decade nC
decay
decay vIT
decay nU
decaying adj
deceased
deceive/deception
deceased adj the deceased n sing deceive vT deception nCU deceptive adj
decent
decent adj
decency nU
decide/decision
decide vIT make a decision
decision-‐making nU decision-‐maker nC
decisively adv decidedly adv
deceptively adv deceit nU deceitful adj deceitfully adv indecent neg adj indecently neg adv indecency nU decide vT settle a disagreement,
146
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
decision nC
C1
C2
decisive adj
X
argument, competition, etc decide on/upon phr v make/come to a decision undecided neg adj indecision nU indecisive neg adj
decimal
deck
deck nC floor on ship
decimal nC decimal adj decimal point nC 6 see also @ point
declare
declare vT announce declaration nCU
1
2
decline vI decline nCU
deck vT informal knock sb to floor deckchair nC see 1 also @ chair deckhand nC see 2 also @ hand declare vT at customs declining adj
decline vIT
decorative adj decorator nC decorated adj
decor nCU decoratively adv decorating nU redecorate vT
decrease
decorate vT adorn decorate vIT paint, wallpaper, etc decoration nCU adornment decoration nU refurbishment decrease vI
decrease nCU
decreasing adj decreasingly adv
decline reduce decline refuse decorate
147
headword
decree
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
decree nC
dedicate be commiteed to 2 dedicate in memory deduct
dedicate vT
dedicate vT
dedicated adj dedication nU dedication nC
deed
deem
deep adv depth nCU literally
1
1
deep a long way deep adj down/depth 2 deep feelings, thoughts, etc 3 deep sound, colour, etc
deductible adj
deed nC
deem vT formal
deeply adv
deep adj
deepen vT depth nC figuratively
deep adj
defame vT formal defamation nU defamatory adj default vI defaulter nC defeated adj undefeated neg adj
deep serious
deer
deer nC
deepen vI depth nCU
defame see also @ fame/famous
default
default nC
defeat
defect
defeat nC defeat vT
defect nC
defective adj
decree vT decree nisi nC Brit decree absolute nC Brit see also @ absolute
deduct vT deduction nC
deep adj intense (colour) deep adj low (sound)
4
X
misdeed nC
deep down
148
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
defend/defence/ defense
defence nCU Brit/ defense nCU Am
defend vT
defendant nC defensive adj
defender nC
defer
defer vIT
deficiency
deficiency nCU
defenceless adj Brit/ defenseless adj Am defending adj defensive nU/on the defensive defensively adv defensible adj indefensible neg adj self-‐defence nU Brit/ self-‐defense nU Am see also @ self deferment nCU deferral nCU deficient adj
deficit
deficit nC
define
define vT
definition nC
redefinition nCU
definite
definitely adv
definite adj
definitive adj redefine vT
defy
defy vT
degradation see 1 also @ grade 1 degree amount
degree nC
defiance nU defiant adj defiantly adv degradation nC degrade vT
degree unit of degree nC temperature 3 degree qualification
by degrees to some degree
degree nC
2
definite article nC 3 see also @ article indefinite neg adj indefinite article nC 3 see also @ article in defiance of
degrading adj
149
headword
A1
A2
delay
delegate
delete
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
without delay delaying tactics npl see also @ tactic
delay nCU delay vIT usu pass happen later delay vT cause delay delay vI hesitate delayed adj
delegate nC
delegation nC
delete vT
deletion nC
deleted adj
deliberate on purpose delicate
deliberately adv
deliberate adj
delicate adj sensitive delicious adj
delicacy nCU delicately adv
indelicate neg adj
delicious
delicate adj fragile/ soft
delight
delightful adj
delightfully adv take delight in
deliver
deliver vT goods, etc delivery nCU goods, etc
delight nCU delight vT delighted adj
demand ask forcefully 2 demand economics
demand vT demand nC
demanding adj
demand nCU
demise
demise nU
deliver vIT speech, etc delivery nCU speech, etc deliver vT baby delivery nCU baby on demand in demand supply and demand nU see also @ supply
democracy
democracy nU political system democracy nC
undemocratic neg adj
Democrat nC esp Am democrat nC member of Democratic Party
1
deliciously adv
150
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
demographic
democratic state democratic adj
demolish/ demolition demon
demolish vT
demolition nU
demon nC
1
demonstrate vT
demonstration nCU
demonize vT demonic adj
demonstrate show, explain 3 demonstrate march/protest
2
demonstrate vT
demonstration nCU
demo nC informal abbrev
den
demonstrate vI demonstration nC demonstrator nC
den nC
denounce/ denunciation dense
denounce vT
denunciation nCU
density nU
dense adj stupid
dental/dentist
dense adj thick densely adv dentist nC
dental adj
dentistry nU
deny
deny vT say that sth is untrue
denial nCU
departure nCU
deny vT refuse, prevent
depart vI
undeniable adj undeniably adv
department nC
departmental adj
fire department nC esp 1 Am see also @ fire
depend vT/it depends/that depends
department store nC 2 see also @ store depending/ depending on
dependability nU dependant nC Brit/ dependent nC Am
demonstrate prove
depart see also @ 2 part department 1
depend /it/that depends 2
depend /depend on/upon support, rely; see also @ independent
independent adj
demographic adj
demographics n pl
depend vT dependent adj depend on/upon phr dependent on/upon v independent adj not
dependence/ dependency nU
independent adj
independently adv
151
headword
A1
unbiased
depict see also @ picture deplore deploy
A2
C1
C2
X
independence nU personal independence
depict vT
depiction nCU
deplore vT formal
deploy vT
deployment nU
1
deposit vT make down payment; pay money into bank, etc
deposit layer
2
deposit nC down payment deposit nC amount deposited deposit nC
deposit vT
deposit account nC Brit see also @ 1 account ; = savings account nC Am
deposition
deposition nC
depot
depot nC
depress worry
depressed adj
depressing adj
depression economics deprive
depress vT depression nU depression nC
depressed adj
deprive vT
depth see also @ deep
depth nCU literally
depth nC figuratively depth nCU seriousness
deputy
derive
deputy nC chief assistant deputy adj
deprived adj deprivation nCU deprive sb of sth in depth out of one’s depth plumb the depths
derive vT
B2
politically independent independent nC
deposit payment
dependent independence nU political independence
B1
derivative nC derivative adj derivation nCU
152
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
descend vIT
descent nCU
descend family
2
describe/ description
describe vT
description nC
descend vI descent nU descendant nC
descriptive adj
desert dry, sandy area 2 desert abandon
desert nC
descriptively adv indescribable neg adj indescribably neg adv of every description/ of all descriptions
desert vT
deserted adj
deserve
deserve vT
design
design nC drawing, plan, etc design vT
designer adj
designate
design nU activity, profession design nU appearance designing nU designer nC
deserved adj undeserved neg adj deservedly adv undeservedly neg adv deserving adj undeserving neg adj
designate vT
desire
desire nC wish
desire vT desirable adj
desire nU lust desired adj
designated adj designation nCU
descend go down
1
desirably adv desirability nU undesirable neg adj
153
headword
A1
A2
desk
desk nC office furniture
despair/desperate
despatch/dispatch
despite see also @ 2 spite dessert
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
desktop nC
desperately adv
desk nC counter information desk nC see also @ inform/ information desperate adj filled with despair
desperate adj extreme desperation nU
despite prep
despair nU despair vI despatch/dispatch vT
in despair despair of sb/sth despatch/dispatch n sing
dessert nCU
destination
destination nC
destined adj
destiny
destiny nCU
destined adj
destroy/destruction
destroy vT
destruction nU
destructive adj
detach
detail
detail nC
detailed adj
detail vT
detach vT detached adj detachment nU
detain/detention
detect/detective
detect vT detective nC
detain vT detention nCU detection nU detector nC
destructively adv destroyed adj destroyer nC indestructible adj soul-‐destroying adj see also @ soul detachment nC small group, esp. military in detail go into detail detainee nC
deteriorate
deteriorate vI
detectable adj undetectable neg adj undetected neg adj private detective nC deterioration nU
154
headword
determine
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
determine vT decide determine vT discover
determination nU will power
determined adj strong-‐willed
deterrence nU
detour see also @ tour detrimental
deter vIT deterrent nC
detrimental adj
devalue see also @ value devastate
devastating adj
devastate vT
1
develop vI grow, progress development nU change, growth
development nC new event development nCU making new product
developed adj economically advanced developmental adj
develop build
2
develop vI start to happen develop vT catch illness developing adj developing economically develop vT build property etc
redevelop vT redevelopment nCU
undeveloped neg adj
deviate
developer nC builder development nC building project
device/devise
device nC
devise vT
deviate vI deviation nCU
devil
devil nC the devil n sing
devious
devious adj
deviance nU deviant adj leave sb to their own devices devilment nU bedevil vT daredevil nC/adj see also @ dare deviously adv
deter
develop grow, start to happen
detour nC detour vI detriment nU detrimentally adv devalue vIT devaluation nCU devastated adj devastation nU undeveloped neg adj underdeveloped adj
155
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
devoid see @ void
devoid adj
devote
devoted adj
devotion nU
diabetes
devote vT spend time or effort
diabetes nU
diagnose
diagnosis nCU
diagonal
diagnose vT identify medical problem
diabetic adj diabetic nC diagnostic adj
devotee nC devote oneself to
diagram
diagram nC
dial
dialect
dial vIT dial nC
dialect nCU
dialogue/dialog
diameter
dialogue nCU Brit/ dialog nCU Am
diameter nCU
1
diamond cards ♦
2
diamond nCU gemstone diamond adj/nCU shape
diamond nC often pl
diaper
diarrhoea/diarrhea
diary
diary nC
diaper nC Am see also @ nappy diarrhoea nU Brit/ diarrhea nU Am
dice
dice nC
dice vT
dictate vT
dictate vIT dictation nCU
dictator nC dictatorship nCU
diamond gemstone
1
dictate control, order 2 dictate read aloud
diagonal adj diagnonal nC
diagnosed adj undiagnosed neg adj diagonally adv diagrammatic adj
156
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
dictionary
dictionary nC
die/dying see also @ death
die vI opp live
dying adj die vI disappear
diesel
diet
diet vI
dietary adj
differ/different/ differentiate
difference nCU opp. similarity different adj
diet nCU normal food intake diet nC slimming
diesel nU fuel diesel nC vehicle
dying/the dying nU die away phr v die down phr v die for/be dying for phr v die off phr v die out phr v die to/be dying to phr v
differ vI differ from phr v differently adv
differ vI disagree
difficult
difficult adj not easy
difficulty nC
in difficulties
difficult adj unfriendly
differentiate vIT differentiation nU differential nC
dig
dig vIT
digest
digest vT
dietician nC on a diet make a (big/great) difference not make any difference tell the difference 2 see also @ tell differentiated adj undifferentiated neg adj have difficulty in doing sth with difficulty digging nU digger nC dig in phr v dig out phr v dig up phr v
157
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
digit
digestion nU digestive adj indigestion nU digit nC
digital
digital adj
dignity
dignity nU dignified adj
dilemma
dilemma nC
dilute
dilute vT
dim
dim adj
dimly adv
dimension
dimension nC
diminish
diminish vIT
dine
dining room nC see 1 also @ room
dining nU
dinner
dinner nCU meal dinner nC official reception
dinner party nC see 1 also @ party dinnertime nU see
dine vI formal dining nU dining car nC see 2 also @ car
X
digitally adv digitize vT digital camera nC see also @ camera digital radio nCU see also @ radio dignify vT indignity nCU undignified neg adj beneath one’s dignity diluted adj dilution nU undiluted adj dim vIT dimensional adj three-‐dimensional adj/3D adj/nU abbrev dimished adj diminishing adj diner nC person dining diner nC Am café dine out phr v dinner jacket nC see also @ jacket dinner suit nC see
158
headword
A1
A2
B1
dinosaur
also @ time
dioxide see also @ oxygen dip
diploma
B2
C1
C2
1
X 2
dinosaur nC
also @ suit
dioxide nU
dip vIT
diploma nC
dip nC informal swim dip nC decline, hollow dip into phr v
diplomat
diplomatic adj
diplomat nC
diplomacy nU
dire
dire adj
direct adj straight, non-‐stop directly adv straight directly adv not involving others direction nCU
direct adj not involving other people
direct adv
directly adv immediately indirect neg adj
indirectly neg adv
direct adj blunt, forthright
direct vT aim
indirectly neg adv
directional adj
director nC senior manager director nC of play, film, etc
directive nC directory nC telephone directory nC see also @ telephone
managing director nC 2 see also @ manage
misdirect vT formal misdirection nU
direct vT show the way directions n pl direct vT control, organize direct vIT command direct vIT play, film, etc direction nU directions n pl dirt nU dirty adj
dirty vT
1
direct straight, non-‐ stop
2
direct aim
3
direct organize, control, instruct
1
dirt sth not clean
diplomatically adv diplomatic relations n pl see also @ relations
159
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
dirt soil
dirt nU esp. Am
disability see also @ 1 able /ability disadvantage see also @ advantage disagree see also @ agree disappear see also 1 @ appear disappoint
disabled adj
disability nCU
disable vT
disadvantage nCU
disagree vI
disagreement nCU
disadvantaged adj disadvantageous adj disagreeable neg adj
disappear vI
disappearance nCU
disappearing adj
disappoint vIT
disappointing adj
disappointingly adv
disapprove see also @ approve disarm see also @ 2 arm disaster
disappointed adj disappointment nCU
disapprove vI disapproval nU
disaster nCU
disastrous adj
disapproving adj disapprovingly adv disarm vIT disarmament nU disastrously adv
disbelief see also @ believe/belief disc/disk
disbelief nU
disbelieve vIT
discus nC DJ nC abbrev = disc/ disk jockey see also @ jockey
discard
disc nC Brit/disk nC Am flat circular object disk nC for recordings, computers, etc disc/disk jockey nC see also @ jockey
discard vT
discarded adj
discern
discerning adj
discharge
disciple
discharge vT discharge nCU
discern vT discernible adj
disciple nC
discharged adj
160
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
discipline
discipline nU
discipline vT
disciplinary adj
disclose
disclose vT
disclosure nCU
disco/discotheque
discolour/discolor see also @ colour/ color discomfort see also 1 @ comfort disconnect see also @ connect discontent see also 2 @ content discount price reduction discourage see also @ courage
disco nC discotheque nC
discomfort nCU
discolour vIT Brit/ discolor vIT Am discoloration nU
disconnect vT
disconnected adj
discontent nU
discontented adj
discount nC
discount vT
discounted adj
discourage vT
discourse
discourse nC
discouraging adj discouraged adj discouragement nU
discover
discover vT
discovery nCU
discreet/discretion
discrepancy
discreet adj discreetly adv discretion nU discrepancy nC
discoverer nC undiscovered neg adj indiscreet neg adj indiscreetly neg adv indiscretion nU
discrete
discrete adj
discretely adv
disciplined adj disciplinarian nC self-‐discipline nU self-‐disciplined adj see also @ self disclosed adj undisclosed neg adj
161
headword
discriminate treat unfairly discuss
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
discrimination nU
discriminate vI
discriminatory adj
discuss vT discussion nC disease nCU
diseased adj
disembark see also @ embark disgrace see also @ grace
disguise
disguise vT
disgrace nU disgrace vT disgraceful adj in disgrace
disembark vI disembarkation nC disgracefully adv
disgust
1
dish food
2
dish nC dishwasher nC see also @ wash/washer
disgust nU disgusted adj disgusting adj
dish nC
dishonest see also @ honest dishonourable/ dishonorable see also @ honour/ honor
dishonest neg adj
disillusion see also
disease
dish container
disguise nCU disguised adj in disguise disgustingly adv disgust vT dish out phr v informal side dish nC see also 4 @ side dishonestly neg adv dishonesty nU dishonour nU Brit/ dishonor nU Am dishonour vT Brit/ dishonor vT Am dishonourable neg adj Brit/ dishonorable neg adj Am disillusion neg vT
162
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
@ illusion
X
disillusionment neg nU disinfectant adj disinfectant nCU disinfect vT disinherit vT
disinfectant see also @ infect
disinherit see also @ inherit disintegrate
1
2
DJ nC abbrev = disk/ disc jockey; see also @ jockey
dislike see also @ like disloyal see also @ loyal dismal
disc nC Brit/disk nC Am flat circular object disk nC for recordings, computers, etc disk/disc jockey nC see also @ jockey dislike nCU
disintegrate vI disintegration nU
dislike vT
dismal adj
disloyal neg adj disloyalty nU dismally adv
dismantle
disk /disc
disk
dismantle vT
dismantled adj
1
dismiss vT formal
dismissal nU
2
dismiss vT
dismissal nCU
dismiss reject, ignore disobey/disobedient see also @ obey/ obedient 1 disorder see also @ 1 order
dismiss vT
dismissive adj
disobey vIT
disobedient neg adj disobedience nU
disorder nU chaos
disorder nU civil disturbance, riot
disorderly adj
dismiss send away dismiss fire/sack 3
163
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
2
disorder illness
disorder nCU
disorganized see also @ organize/ organized
disoriented/ disorientated see @ orientation dispatch/despatch
dispense
disperse
displace see also @ 2 place display
displease see also @ 2 please /pleasure 1 dispose get rid of
C1
C2
X
eating disorder nU see also @ eat/ eating disorganized adj not planned disorganized adj not good at planning disorganization nU
despatch/dispatch vT
dispense vT
disoriented/ disorientated adj disorientation nU despatch/dispatch n sing dispense with phr v
disperse vIT
dispersal nU
dispersed adj
display vT exhibit display nC
displace vT displacement nU
displease vT formal displeasure nU disposable adj
disposition nC
on display
disposition
dispose vT/dispose of disposal nU
disproportionate see also @ proportion/ proportionate dispute
disproportionate adj disproportionately adv
dispute nCU
dispute vT
disputed adj undisputed neg adj indisputable adj
at sb’s disposal
164
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
indisputably adv in dispute disqualification nCU
disqualify see also @ qualify disregard see also @ regard disrespect see also @ respect
disqualify vT
disrupt see also @ rupture dissatisfy see also @ satisfy
disruptive adj
disrupt vT disruption nCU
dissemination
dissent
dissatisfy vT dissatisfied adj dissatisfaction nU disseminate vT dissemination nU dissent nU
dissertation
dissertation nC
dissent vI dissenter nC
dissimilar see also @ similar dissolve see also @ 2 solution
dissimilar adj
dissimilarity nCU
dissolve vI turn into a solution, liquid, etc
distance
distance nCU
distant adj
long-‐distance adj see 1 also @ long
distaste see also @ 2 taste
distinct
distinct adj different
distinctive adj
distinctly adv
dissolve vT legally end marriage, etc dissolution nU distance vI distantly adv at a distance in the distance keep at a distance distaste nU distasteful adj distastefully adv distinction nU fame,
disregard vT disregard nU disrespect nU disrespect vT esp Am disrespectful adj
165
headword
A1
A2
1
distinguish become respected
2
distort
distract
distinguish differentiate, etc
B1
distinct adj clearly seen/heard, etc distinction nC difference distinguish vIT differentiate
B2
C1
C2
X
honour indistinct neg adj
distorted adj
distracted adj
distress
distinguish oneself vI distinguished adj distort vT distortion nCU distract vT distraction nCU distress nU worry
distinguish vIT clearly see indistinguishable neg adj
distribute
distributor nC
redistribution nU
district
district nC
distribute vI distribution nCU
distress vT distressed adj distressing adj distributed adj redistribute vT
distrust see also @ 1 trust
disturb
disturbance nC interruption, distraction, riot
disturbing adj worrying
disunity see also @ unite/unity disused see also @
disturb vT disrupt disturb vT interrupt, waken, etc disturb v usu pass worry
disunity nU
disused neg adj
distrust nU distrust vT distrustful adj distrustfully adv disturbed adj worried, etc undisturbed neg adj
166
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
use/used ditch
ditch nC
dive
diver nC
diverse
diverse adj diversity nU
dive vI jump headfirst dive vI scuba, submarine, etc dive vI informal enter suddenly dive nC
divert
divert vT
diversion nC
1
divide vT separate divide vT share divide vT mark boundary division nC part division nU act, instance
division nC army group division nC sports league division nC company department divisional adj divided adj
divide calculate ÷
2
divide vT
division nU
divide into phr v divide up phr v divide nC divisive adj sub-‐division nC divided highway nC Am see also @ highway, dual carriageway divisible adj
dividend
dividend nC
divine
divine adj
divinity nCU
divorce
divorce nCU end of marriage
divorce vIT end marriage divorced adj
dizzy
dizzy adj
divorce vIT separate, dissociate divorce nCU separation dizziness nU
divide separate
ditch vT informal get rid of, throw away diving nU diving adj diving board nC see 1 also @ board
diversify vIT diversification nU biodiversity nU diverted adj
167
headword
DJ see also @ disc/disk, jockey 1 do aux
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
do aux questions/ negatives do aux avoiding repetition do aux emphasis/ contrast do vT perform, act do vT deal with sth do vT produce, cause
do vT study a subject
do vI finish done adj finished do vIT be acceptable do vT cook
undo vT unfasten
do phrasal verbs
3
do with/done with phr v finish
dock
dock nC
2
do perform, etc
X
DJ nC abbrev =disc/ disk jockey
how do you do? greeting that’ll do be sufficient, satisfactory do one’s best wrongdoing nU see also @ wrong outdo vT overdo vT undo vT destroy, reverse do away with phr v abolish, kill do sb in phr v kill do out of phr v deprive do up phr v fasten do up phr v refurbish do with phr v need to do with connected/ sth/ nothing to do with do without phr v not have sth dock vIT
168
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
1
doctor nC
the doctor’s/go to the doctor’s
doctor academic title/PhD doctrine
2
doctor nC
doctrine nCU
doctoral adj doctorate nCU
document/ documentary
document nC
documentary adj
document vT documentation nU
documentary factual TV programme dodge
documentary nC
dodge vIT
dog
dog nC
dog food nU see also @ food
doctor physician
X
docker nC dockyard nC see 2 also @ yard doctor vT witch-‐doctor nC see also @ witch doctrinal adj documented adj undocumented neg adj
dodge nC informal dodger nC informal dodgy adj informal underdog nC guide dog nC see also @ guide lapdog nC see also 1 @ lap sheepdog nC see also @ sheep watchdog nC see 1 also @ watch dogged adj doggedly adv dog vT dog collar nC see also @ collar doghouse nC Am
169
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
see also @ house in the doghouse on the dole
dole
doll
dollar/$
dollar nC
doll nC dolly nC informal
dole nU Brit unemployment pay
dolphin
dolphin nC
domain
domain nC
dome nC
domed adj
domestic household 2 domestic national
domestic adj
domestic adj
domesticated adj domestically adv
dominate
donkey
dominance nU domination nU donate vIT give money, etc donor nC money, etc donor nC blood, organs, etc
donate/donor
dominate vIT dominant adj
donkey nC
donate vT blood, organs, etc blood donor nC see also @ blood organ donor nC see 1 also @ organ
doom
doom vI
doom nU
doomed adj
door
door nC
outdoors adv
indoors adv
indoor adj
behind closed doors
outdoor adj out of doors
front door nC see also @ front back door nC see also 1 @ back doorstep nC see also @ step
doorbell nC see also @ bell doorknob nC see also @ knob doorman nC see 3 also @ man
dome 1
donation nCU
doorway nC see also next door adj 3 @ way
170
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
dorm/dormitory
dose
dose nC
dorm nC abbrev dormitory nC
dot
dot nC
dot vT
double
double adj with two parts, etc double adj twice as much; for two people double room nC see 1 also @ room
double vIT double adv
double nC sth twice normal size
double nC lookalike
doubly adv
doubt see also @ dubious
doubt nCU
doubt vT undoubtedly adv
doubtful adj uncertain, unlikely
doubtless adv
dough
dough nC
down adv lower
downwards adv Brit/
1
down adv
downward adj see also
X
doormat nC see also @ mat dormitory town nC Brit see also @ town, bed/bedroom dose vT dosage nU overdose nC overdose vI dotted adj double back phr v double up phr v double-‐breasted adj see also @ breast double-‐check vIT 1 see also @ check double chin nC see also @ chin double-‐glazing nU see also @ glass/ glaze doubtfully adv undoubted neg adj beyond/without (a) doubt without a shadow of a doubt see also @ shadow in doubt no doubt doughnut nC/ donut nC Am
171
headword
A1
A2
B1
position
B2
C1
C2
down prep lower position down prep along road, river, etc
downward adv Am 2 see also @ ward
down adj
down adj not working 5 down compounds
down adj
downstairs adj/adv see also @ stair
downtown adj/adv Am see also @ town
downfall n sing see 1 also @ fall
download see also 2 @ load dozen
download vIT
download nC
downloadable adj
downgrade vT/nC 1 see also @ grade downhill adj see also @ hill downstream adv 1 see also @ stream
dozen number
dozens lots of
dr see also @ 1&2 doctor 1 draft first version
dr abbrev = doctor
draft nC
drafting nCU
draft vIT draft adj
draft/draught nC
drafty/draughty adj
drag pull, force
drag vT pull sth
drag on/out phr v
dragon
drag vT force sb to do sth dragon nC
draft nC overdraft nC
drain
drain vT empty liquid
drain nC drainage nU
drain vT use/drink everything drained adj
2
down prep
3
down adj unhappy 4
2
draft /draught current of air 3 draft money
@ ward
X
2
down vT downed adj down in the dumps see also @ dump
172
headword
A1
A2
drama
drape
drastic
B1
B2
C1
C2
dramatically adv
drama nCU play, theatre dramatic adj sudden, surprising dramatic adj relating to drama
drape vT
draught/draft nC
drastic adj drastically adv
draw vIT
drawing nCU
2
3
draw /draw up draft
2
draught/draft current of air 1 draw make a picture draw attract draw haul, move
4 5
drain off phr v brain drain nC see also @ brain drama nC tense situation, excitement dramatist nC dramatize vT drama queen nC see also @ queen drapery nU drapes n pl Am; see also @ curtains draughty/drafty adj
draw vT
drawing pin nC Brit = thumbtack nC Am; see 1 also @ pin
draw vI
draw up phr v
draw in/into phr v arrive draw on phr v draw out phr v depart draw up phr v arrive
drawback nC
chest of drawers nC 2 see also @ chest
draw tie, equal score drawer
drawer nC
draw nC draw vI
drawback
X
draw nC
173
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
drawing room see 1 also @ room dread
drawing room nC
dread nU
dreadfully adv
dream
dream nC in sleep
dream vI in sleep
dread vT dreadful adj dream nC hope, ambition dream vIT hope, wish
1
dress nC
2
dress nU clothing
dressed adj undressed neg adj get dressed/ undressed
undress vIT
dress prepare, arrange/ dressing
3
dressing nCU sauce
hairdresser nC see also @ hair
drift
drift vI
drift nC
drill tool, bore
drink see also @ drunk
drink vIT swallow liquid drink nC any liquid
drinking nU
drinker nC
soft drink nC see 2 also @ soft
drink vI drink alcohol drink nCU alcohol
drill nC drill vIT
undreamed/ undreamt of wouldn’t dream of sth/doing sth dream up phr v pipedream nC see also @ pipe dressmaking nU dressmaker nC dressing gown nC see also @ gown evening dress nU fancy dress nU Brit 3 see also @ fancy hairdressing nU window-‐dressing nU see also @ window snowdrift nC driftwood nU see 2 also @ wood drilling nU
dripping nU
drive vIT driver nC
drive nC driving licence nC Brit/ driver’s license
racing driver nC see 1 also @ race taxi driver nC see
drip vI drip nC driving nU
drive-‐in adj drive-‐in nC esp Am drive away/off phr v
dress frock dress put clothes on, wear
drip 1
drive car, truck, etc
174
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
nC Am see also @ licence/ license
3
drop vT fall, let fall
drop vIT move lower drop nC vertical distance drop nC reduction
2
drop nC small amount of liquid
drop stop doing sth
3
drop out phr v of team, school, etc dropout nC
drought
drop vT stop doing sth drop vT not include sb/sth
drought nCU
drown
drown vIT
drowning nCU
1
drug nC
drug vT
2
drug nC
drugstore nC Am 2 see also @ store
drug vT
drug addict nC drug addiction nU
drive force sb/sth to go somewhere/do sth
drive determination 1 drop fall, let fall
drop small amount of liquid
drug medicine drug narcotic, etc
also @ taxi
drive vT
drive nU
X
screwdriver nC see also @ screw drive sb mad, crazy, etc slave driver nC see also @ slave driven adj determined drop by/in phr v visit drop off phr v take sb somewhere drop off phr v go to sleep droplet nC eyedrop nC see also @ eye raindrop nC see also @ rain teardrop nC see also 2 @ tear drop off phr v decline
175
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
drum
drum nC instrument
drummer nC
drunk see also @ drink
drunk adj
drunken adj
dry
dry adj opp. wet hairdryer nC see also @ hair
dried adj
dual
dual adj
dub name
dub vT
dubious see also @ doubt
dubious adj
X
see also @ addict/ addiction drug dealer nC see 2 also @ deal drum nC container drum vI drum up phr v drumbeat nC see also @ drum eardrum nC see also 1 @ ear drunk nC drunkard nC drunkenly adv drunkenness nU dry adj wine: opp. sweet dryness nU drying nU dryly/drily adv drier/dryer nC the dry nU Brit dry cleaning nU see also @ clean dry out phr v dry up phr v duality nCU dual carriageway nC 1 see also @ carriage , 3 way dubiously adj indubitable neg adj indubitably neg adv
176
headword
duchess see also @ duke 1 duck bird
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
duchess nC
duck bend in order to avoid sth due expected
duck nC bird duck nU meat
duck vIT
due adj
overdue adj
in due course
due to because of
due to
duke see also @ duchess 1 dull not shiny
duke nC
ducal adj
dull adj
dull boring
2
dull adj
dull vT dullness nU
duly
duly adv formal
1
dumb adj informal
dumb mute
2
dumb adj
dumbstruck adj
dump
dump vT put down dump vT dispose of
dump nC
durable
durable adj
dumping nU dumper nC dumpster nC Am down in the dumps durability nU
duration
duration nCU
during
during prep
dusk
dusk ncU
dust
dust nU dust vIT
dustbin nC Brit see also @ bin
dusty adj
from dawn to/till dusk see also @ 1 dawn dusky adj duster nC dustman nC Brit see 3 also @ man
2
dumb stupid
177
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
duty nCU
duty tax
2
duty nCU
duvet
duty-‐free adj/nC see 3 also @ free
dustproof adj see 3 also @ proof sawdust nU see also @ saw dutiful adj dutifully adv on-‐duty off-‐duty do one’s duty
duvet nC
DVD
dwarf
DVD nC abbrev = digital video disc/ disk; see also @ digital, video, disc/ disk DVD player nC see also @ play/player
dwarf nC
dwell
dynamic
dynamic adj
dwell vI formal dwelling nC formal dynamics n pl
dwarf adj dwarf vT dwell on sth phr v
dynamite
dynamite nU
dynamically adv dynamism nU dynamite vT
dynasty
dynasty nC
dynastic adj
Ee
each
each pron/det
each other pron
eager
eager adj
eagerly adv
eagerness nU over-‐eager adj
duty responsibility
178
headword
eagle
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
over-‐eagerness nU
eagle nC
1
ear nC
earache nU see also @ ache
earring nC see also 1 @ ring
earphone nC see also 2 @ phone
ear grain
2
ear nC
eardrum nC see also @ drum prick (up) one’s ears turn a deaf ear see also @ deaf
earl
earl nC
earldom nC
early
early adj early adv
early on at the earliest
earn
earlier comp adj/adv earliest sup adj/adv the earliest earn vIT
earnings n pl
earnest
earnest adj
1
Earth n sing
earthquake nC
earthly adj
earth soil
2
earth nU
earthenware see also @ ware ease see also @ easy
earner nC earned adj wage-‐earner nC see also @ wage/wages earnestly adv in earnest who/what/why/ how on earth …? unearthly neg adj bowels of the Earth n pl see also @ bowel earthy adj unearth vT earthworm nC see also @ worm earthenware nU
ease vT
ease nU
uneasy neg adj
ear body part
Earth planet
unease nU uneasily neg adv
179
headword
A1
A2
B1
east see also @ north, south, west
east nU east adj/adv
the East n sing eastern adj
Easter
easy see also @ ease
easy adj easily adv
eat see also @ edible eccentric
B2
C1
C2
eastward/eastwards adv
northeast/north-‐ east nU/adj northeastern adj southeast/south-‐ east nU/adj southeastern adj Easter nCU
easy adv
ease vT
ease nU
uneasy neg adj
eat vIT
eating nU
eating disorder nC 2 see also @ disorder
eccentric adj eccentric nC
X
uneasiness nU at ease ill at ease see also 2 @ ill ease into phr v ease off/up phr v with ease easternmost adj
Easter egg nC see also @ egg Easter bunny nC see also @ bunny easier said than done take it/things easy easy-‐going adj unease nU uneasily adv uneasiness nU at ease ill at ease see also 2 @ ill ease off/up phr v with ease eat out phr v eatable adj eater nC eccentricity nCU
180
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
echo
echo vT
echo nC
ecology
economy financial system
1
economy nC economic adj
economics npl
economist nC
ecology nU ecological adj
economy saving; financial prudence
2
economy nCU economic adj
economy class nU 2 see also @ class
economical adj economically adv
ecstasy
uneconomical neg adj uneconomically neg adv ecstasy nCU
ecologically adv ecologist nC black economy n usu sing see also @ 2 black economize vI
edge
edge nC
edge vIT
ecstatic adj ecstatically adv
edible
edible adj
inedible adj
edit
editor nC
edit vT editorial adj
editorial nC
educate
education nU
educational adj
uneducated neg adj
educationally adv
eerie
edition nC format of book, etc edition nC particular version of newspaper, etc edition nC printing – st 1 edition, etc educate vT educated adj educator nC
eerie adj
eerily adv
effect see also @ affect
effect nCU effective adj
effectively adv
effectiveness nU
effect vT formal
ineffective neg adj
be of no effect bring/carry/put into effect come/go into effect have an effect on in effect in force in effect in other words
181
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
efficacy
efficacy nU
efficient
efficiently adv
inefficient neg adj
effort
effort nCU
efficient adj efficiency nU
egg
egg nC
eggcup nC see also @ cup
ego
ego nC
eight
eight cardinal number 8
eighth ordinal number 1 eighth fraction /8 eighteenth ordinal number/fraction eightieth ordinal number/fraction
to no effect to the effect that side effect nC see 4 also @ side take effect efficacious adj formal inefficiency nCU inefficiently neg adv effortless neg adj effortlessly neg adv make an effort spare no effort Easter egg nC see also @ Easter scrambled egg nCU see also @ scramble eggplant nC esp Am eggshell nCU see 1 also @ shell egocentric adj egoism nU egoist nC egotism nU egotist nC egotistic adj egotistical adj
eighteen cardinal number 18 eighty cardinal number 80
182
headword
either see also @ neither
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
either … or
elaborate
either pron either adv either conj
elaborate adj
elaborate vIT
elastic
elastic nU elastic adj
elbow
elbow nC
elder see also @ old
eldest sup adj
elder adj
elect
election nCU
elderly adj the elderly n pl elect vT
elaborately adv elaboration nU elasticated adj elasticity nU elastic band nC see 3 also @ band elbow vT elbow grease nU see also @ grease elder nC
elected adj
electoral adj electorate nU
re-‐elect vT re-‐election nCU
electric/electricity
electricity nU electric adj electrical adj
electric shock nCU see also @ shock
electrician nC
electron
electron nC
elector nC electorally adv by-‐election nC unelected neg adj electrically adv electrify vT electrification nU electric saw nC see also @ saw electric razor/shaver nC see also @ razor, shave/shaver
electronic
electronic adj
electronics nU
electronically adj
elegant
elegant adj
elegance nU
element nC
elegantly adv inelegant neg adj inelegantly neg adv an element of sth
1
element component
183
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
element simple substance elementary
element nC
elementary adj
elephant
elephant nC
elephantine adj
elevate/elevator
elevate vT
elevation nU
eleven
eleventh ordinal th number/fraction 11
elicit
eleven cardinal number 11
elevator nC Am see also @ lift nC Brit
elicit vT
elicitation nU
eligible
eligible adj
eligibility nU
ineligible neg adj
eliminate
elimination nU
elite
eliminate vT remove eliminate vT knock out of competition elite nC
elongated see also @ long eloquent
eloquent adj
eloquence nU
elite adj elitism nU elitist adj elongate vIT elongated adj eloquently adv
else
else adv
elsewhere adv
or else! exclam
email/e-‐mail see also @ mail
elude
something/anything else somewhere/ anywhere else e-‐mail/email nU system e-‐mail/email nC message e-‐mail/email vT
elusive adj
elude vT
emancipate
emancipation nU
emancipate vT emancipated adj
184
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
embargo
embargo nC
embark
embarrass
embarrass vT
embarkation nU disembark vIT disembarkation nU embarrassingly adv
embassy see also @ ambassador embed
embark vIT embark on/upon phr v embarrassed adj embarrassing adj embarrassment nU embassy nC
embed vT
embedded adj
embody
embody vT
disembodied neg adj
embrace
embrace vT
embrace nC
embroidery
embroidery nU
embroider vT
embryo
embryo nC
emerge
emerge vI
emergency
emergency nCU
emerging adj emergence nU
embryonic adj in embryo
emigrate see also @ migrate
emigrate vI
emigrant nC emigration nU
X
embargo vT
emergency adj emergency exit nC see also @ exit emergency services n pl see also @ 2 serve /service accident and emergency n usu sing esp Brit see also @ accident emergency room nC usu sing esp Am see 1 also @ room
185
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
eminent
eminent adj
emit
emotion
emotion nCU
emotional adj
emit vT emission nC
emotionally adv emotive adj
emperor/empress see also @ empire, imperial emphasis
emperor nC empress nC
emphatic adj
empire see also @ emperor, imperial empirical
emphasis nCU emphasize vT
empire nC
emperor nC empress nC empirical adj
emphatically adv lay/put emphasis on
empirically adv
1
employ vT employee nC
employer nC employment nU
unemployed adj
unemployment nU
employ use
2
employ vT formal
be in employment unemployed/the unemployed nU unemployment benefit nU see also @ benefit
empower see also @ power
empower vT
empty
emulate
empty adj empty vT
empowered adj empowering adj empowerment nU emptiness nU
emulate vT
emulation nU
enable see also @ 1 able /ability enact see also @ 3 act
enable vT
enabled adj
enact vT
enactment nU
employ give work to sb
eminently adv eminence nU emotionless adj unemotional neg adj unemotionally adv
186
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
enamel
enamel nU
encamp see also @ camp encircle see also @ circle enclose
encircle vT
encamp vI encampment nC encirclement nU
enclosed adj
encode see also @ 2 code encompass
enclose vT enclosure nC
encode vT
encompass vT
encounter
encourage see also @ courage, discourage encyclopaedia/ encyclopedia
encourage vT urge encourage vT give confidence
encounter nC encounter vT formal encouragement nU encouraging adj
encyclopaedia nC Brit/ encyclopedia nC Am
end
end nC final point end vIT weekend nC see also @ week
end nC death
in the end
ending nC endless neg adj
endlessly neg adv
encyclopaedic adj Brit/ encyclopedic adj Am end nC purpose end in phr v end up phr v dead end nC see 2 also @ dead from end to end make (both) ends meet no end of … on end tail end nC see also @ tail unending neg adj bring to an end come to an end
187
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
endanger see also @ danger 1 endear see @ dear
endeavour/ endeavor
endorse
endure
enemy
1
2
C2
X
put an end to sth to the bitter end see 2 also @ bitter
endanger vT endangered adj
endorse vT
endeavour nCU Brit/ endeavor nCU Am endeavour vI Brit/ endeavor vI Am endorsement nCU
endear vT endearing adj endearment nU
endure vT
enemy nC
endurance nU enduring adj
energy nCU
energetic adj
energy nU
energetically adv energize vT solar energy nU see also @ solar energize vT
enforce vT enforcement nU
1
engaged adj Brit busy (telephone)
2
engage vT formal
energy physical strength, liveliness
energy power – electricity, etc enforce see also @ force
engage use
engage employ
C1
enforceable adj enforced adj enforcer nC unenforceable neg adj engage in phr v engaged adj in use engagement nC appointment
188
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
engagement agreement to marry engine/engineer
engaged adj
engagement nC
engine nC motor
engineer nC designer of engines etc
engineer vT fire engine nC see also 1 @ fire
engulf see also @ gulf enhance
engine nC locomotive engineer nC engine operator, repairer engineering nU
engagement ring nC 1 see also @ ring engineered adj search engine nC see also @ search steam engine nC see also @ steam engulf vT
enhance vT
enhanced adj
enhancement nCU
enjoy see also @ joy enjoy vT
enjoy oneself
enlarge see also @ large enlighten
enjoyable adj enjoyment nU
enlarge vT
enlist
enlist vIT
enlighten vT enlightenment nU
enlarged adj enlargement nCU
enormous
enormous adj
enormously adv
enough
enough det/pron/ adv
enquire/inquire
enquire/inquire vIT
enrage see also @ rage enrich see also @ rich
enquiry/inquiry nC enquiry/inquiry nC question investigation enquiries/inquiries n pl
enrich vT enriched adj enrichment nU
enlistment nCU enlisted adj fair enough oddly/strangely enough … enough’s enough! sure enough … enquire/inquire after/ about/into phr v enrage vT enraged adj
189
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
enrol/enroll
enrol/enroll vIT
en route see also @ route ensemble
ensue
ensure see also @ sure entail
C1
C2
X
enrolment/ enrollment nCU
en route adv
ensemble nC
ensue vI
ensuing adj
ensure vT
entail vT
1
enter vIT building, room, etc
entry nCU entrance entry nC act of entering
entrance nC
entrant nC
2
enter vT input data
enterprise business
1
enterprise initiative
2
enterprise nC business, company
enter vIT contest enter vT join profession, etc enter for phr v enter into phr v entry nC for contest, etc entry nC item of information in document
enterprise nU
enterprising adj
entertain
enthusiastic adj
entertainer nC entertaining adj
enthusiasm
entertain vT entertainment nCU enthusiasm nU
entire
entitle entity
entire adj entirely adv
enthusiast nC enthusiastically adv enthuse vI
entitle vT
entity nC formal
entitlement nCU
enter /entrance go in
enter input data
entirety nU
190
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
entrepreneur
entrepreneur nC
entrepreneurial adj
entrust see also @ trust envelope
entrust vT
envelope nC
envelop vT
environment
environment/the environment n sing environmental adj
environment nC
environmentalist nC environmentally adv
envisage
envisage vT
environmentalism nU environmentally-‐ friendly adj see also @ friend/friendly
envoy
envoy nC
envy
envy vT envy nU
enzyme
enzyme nC
enviable adj envious adj enviously adv unenviable neg adj
epidemic
epidemic nC
epidemic adj
episode
episode nC event
episodic adj
equal
inequality nCU
equal nC equal vT equation nC
equality nU
equation
equal adj equally adv
episode nC in TV serial, etc unequal neg adj
equalize vI unequally neg adv
equator
equator n sing
equatorial adj
equilibrium
equilibrium nCU
equip
equipment nU
equip vT
equipped adj
equity company share equivalent
equity nC
equivalent adj equivalent nC
equivalence nU
191
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
era
era nC
erase
erase vT
eraser nC esp Am
erect
erection nC
erode/erosion
erect vT formal erect adj
erosion nU
erode vIT
eroding adj
erotic
erotic adj
eroticism nU
error
error nCU
erupt
erupt vI
eruption nCU
err vI formal erroneous adj erroneously adv err on the side of … see the error of one’s ways by/through trial and error see also @ 2 trial
escalate
escalate vIT
escalation nU
escalator
escalator nC
escape
escape vI get free
escape nCU
escape vT avoid
fire escape nC see also 1 @ fire
escort
especially see also @ special/specially essay
especially adv
escort vT escort nC
inescapable neg adj narrow escape nC see also @ narrow
essay nC
essayist nC
essence/essential
essential adj
essentially adv
essence nU
essential nC bare essentials n pl 2 see also @ bare in essence
192
headword
A1
A2
1
establish vT
establish become accepted
2
3
establish start
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
of the essence establishment nC founding establishment/the establishment n sing those in control
establishment nC formal institution
establish vT established adj
estate area
1
estate nC area surrounding house, etc
estate nC Brit housing estate
establish vT established adj
estate property, esp. in sb’s will esteem
2
estate nC
esthetic/aesthetic
estimate
estimate vT
estimate nC
esthetic adj Am/ aesthetic adj Brit estimated adj
esteem nU esteemed adj esteem vT self-‐esteem nU see also @ self esthetically adv Am/ aesthetically adv Brit underestimate vT estimation nU underestimate nC overestimate vT overestimate nC
establish prove
housing estate nC Brit see also @ 1 house / housing industrial estate nC see also @ industry/ industrial estate car nC Brit see also @ car, station wagon estate agent nC Brit see also @ agent real estate agent nC Am see also @ agent
193
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
etc
etc abbrev
eternal
eternal adj
eternity nU
eternally adv
ethics
ethics n pl ethical adj
unethically neg adv
ethnic
ethnic adj
euro/€
evacuate
euro/Euro/€ nC currency
ethnically adv ethnicity nU
ethic nCU ethically adv unethical neg adj
evaluate see also @ value evangelical
evaluate vT evaluation nCU
evacuate vIT evacuation nCU
euro zone n sing see also @ zone evacuee nC
evangelical adj
evaporate see also @ vapour/vapor
evaporate vIT
eve see also @ evening 1 even adv surprise
eve nC
even adv
even if/though
2
even adv
evaluative adj evaluator nC evangelist nC evangelism nU evaporation nU evaporated milk nC see also @ milk Christmas Eve New Year’s Eve even as even now/then even so
3
even adj
uneven neg adj
even out phr v
4
even adj evenly adv
uneven adj
5
even adj
even vT even up phr v unevenly neg adv break even phr v see 1 also @ break get even phr v
even adv emphasis even adj flat even adj equal
even adj not odd
194
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
(numbers); see also 2 @ odd evening see also @ eve
evening nCU early night
good evening! greeting see also @ 3 good
evening nC event in the evening
event
event nC occasion
event nC race, etc
eventual
eventually adv
eventual adj
ever adv at any time; see also @ never 2 ever adv emphasis
ever adv at any time
forever/for ever adv ever adv all the time evermore
everlasting adj see 2 also @ last
ever since evergreen adj/nC
ever adv
every
everybody pron everywhere adv
everyday adj
every now and again every other every so often
evidence/evident
every det each every det per/ repeated everyone pron everything pron evidence nU
evident adj
evidently adv
evil
evoke
evil adj evil nCU
evoke vT
evolve/evolution
evolve vIT evolution nU
evolutionary adj
1
evening class nC see 1 also @ class evening dress nU 2 see also @ dress evening gown nC see also @ gown at all events in any event in the event in the event that in the event of
in evidence self-‐evident adj see also @ self evilly adv evocative adj evocation nC evolved adj evolving adj
195
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
exacerbate
exacerbate vT formal
exacerbation nU
exact
exactly adv
exact adj
exaggerate
exaggerate vIT
exaggeration nCU
exactness nU inexact neg adj exaggerated adj
exam/examination
examine vT scrutinize
examiner nC
final exam/ examination n C see also @ final
example
example nC typical case
exam nC examination nC formal test examination nCU scrutiny examine vIT test for example
example nC sample
exemplify vT
exasperation
exasperation nU
exemplary adj exemplification nU follow sb’s example make an example of sb set an example exasperate vT
exceed/excess
exceed vT
excess nU
excess adj excessive adj
exceedingly adv
excel/excellent
excellent adj
except/exception
except prep except for
exception nCU
exceptional adj
excellence nU excel vIT exceptionally adv
excerpt
excerpt nC
excess see also @ exceed
excess nU
excess adj excessive adj
exchange see also 1 & 2 @ change
exchange nCU
exchange vT take exchange rate nC one thing for another see also @ rate exchange vT
excessively adv in/to excess in excess of excellently adv except vT make an exception take exception to excessively adv in/to excess in excess of in exchange (for) stock exchange nC 2 see also @ stock
196
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
exchange money
excitedly adv
excitable adj excitingly adv unexciting neg adj
exclaim vIT
exclude vT
exclusive adj expensive
exclusion nCU exclusively adv excluding all others
exclamation nC exclamation mark nC 2 see also @ mark
excursion nC
1
make an excuse/ excuses for
excuse forgive
2
excuse nC reason excuse nC false reason excuse vT
execute
executive
executive nC manager
execute vT execution nCU
excuse me! attract attention excuse me! get out of my way excuse me! when leaving excuse me! apology excuse me! contradiction excuse me? esp Am please repeat that executioner nC
executive adj
excite
exclaim/exclamation
excite vT excited adj exciting adj excitement nU
exclude/exclusion
exclusive
excursion excuse reason
excluding prep exclusivity nU
chief executive/chief executive officer nC see also @ chief
197
headword
exempt
A1
A2
B1
B2
exercise nU
exercise vIT
exercise nC exercise book nC 1 see also @ book
1
2
C1
C2
X
exempt vT
exempt adj exemption nCU
exert vT
exhaust use everything
exhaust vT exhausted adj
exhausting adj exhaustion nU exhaust vT exhaust nCU from engine exhaustive adj
exertion nCU exert oneself
exhibit
exhibition nCU
exhibit vIT exhibit nC
exile
exist
exist vI
exit
existence nU existing adj
exile nU exile nC sb in exile exile vIT
exit nC
exit vI
existent adj non-‐existent neg adj
exotic
exotic adj
expand
expand vI
expansion nU
1
exercise healthy activity 2 exercise practice
exert exhaust tire
exhaust-‐pipe nC see also @ pipe exhaust the possibilities see also @ possible/ possibility exhibitor nC exhibitionist nC make an exhibition of oneself exiled adj in exile come into existence emergency exit nC see also @ emergency exotically adv expanded adj expanding adj expansive adj
198
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
expanse large area
expanse nC
expand on/upon phr v
expect
expect vT believe that sth will happen
expectation nC
expectancy nCU unexpectedly neg adv
expectant adj expectantly adv
expect vIT believe, suppose unexpected neg adj expedition nC
expedition
expected adj expect vIT expect a baby
expel/expulsion
expel vIT
expulsion nCU
expenditure see also @ expense expense/expensive
expend vT
inexpensive neg adj
expensively adv inexpensively neg adv at the expense of
experience
experienced adj
inexperienced neg adj
inexperience nU
experiment
experience nU skill/ knowledge acquired through practice experience vT
expense nC money spent expense nC sth on which money is spent expensive adj experience nC past events in one’s life
expenditure nCU formal
experiment nC
experimental adj
experiment vI
experimentally adv experimentation nU
expert
expert nC
expert adj expertise nU
expire
explain/explanation
explain vIT
explanation nCU
expire vI expiry nU explanatory adj
experimenter nC make/carry out an experiment expertly adv inexpert neg adj inexpertly neg adv expiration nU
unexplained neg adj inexplicable neg adj inexplicably neg adv explain away phr v
199
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
explicit
explicit adj clear
explicitly adv
explode
explosive adj
explosive nCU
1
explode vIT bomb, etc explosion nC exploit vT
explode vI with anger explosively adv exploitation nU
exploit treat unfairly explore
2
exploit vT
exploitation nU
explore vIT physically
exploration nCU explorer nC
exploratory adj
export see also @ import
exporter nC
expose
export nC sth exported export nU activity export vIT expose vT exposure nU
exposition
exposition nC
1
express vT
expressive adj
expressionless neg adj expressed adj
2
expression nCU expressed feelings expression nC look on one’s face expression nC phrase
express adj formal
expressly adv formal
3
express fast
exquisite
express adj express adv express nC fast train
exquisite adj
extend/extension
extend vI continue in time/space
extent nU
extend vIT increase, make bigger
extended adj
extensively adv
express vT expressway nC Am 3 see also @ way exquisitely adv exquisiteness nU extension nC extra room
exploit use well
express tell one’s feelings, etc
express clear
exploitative adj exploiter nC explore vIT intellectually unexplored neg adj
exposé nC exposed adj unexposed neg adj expository adj
200
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
extension nCU extensive adj
X
external adj
exterior adj exterior nC
extension nC extra telephone to some/a certain extent by extension
externally adv
extra adj
extra adv
extra nC
extinct adj extinction nU
extract
extract vT
extraordinary see also @ ordinary extravagant
extraordinary adj
extreme
extremely adv
extreme adj
extreme nC
eye
eye nC body part
exterior see also @ interior external
extinct
extra
extract nC excerpt extract nCU from plant, etc extraction nCU extraordinarily adv extravagant adj extravagance nCU
eye vT black eye nC see also @ black
extravagantly adv extremist nC extremist adj extremism nU extremity nC go to extremes in the extreme eye nC of needle, storm, etc sharp-‐eyed adj see 4 also @ sharp catch sb’s eye cry one’s eyes out feast one’s eyes see also @ feast
201
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
eyeball nC see also 1 @ ball
eyesight nU see also 1 @ sight
Ff
in sb’s eyes keep your/an eye on sb/sth see eye to eye set eyes on sb/sth turn a blind eye to … see also @ blind eyebrow nC see also eyelash nC see also @ eyedrop nC see also 2 @ brow lash @ drop eyelid nC see also @ lid eyeliner nCU see 1 also @ line eyesore nC see also @ sore eyewitness nC see also @ witness
fabric
fabric nCU
fabulous
facade
fabulous adj informal
facade nC
face front of head
face nC front of head face vT turn towards
face up to phr v
face nC front surface face-‐to-‐face adj face vT confront facial adj sb/sth
deface vT defacement nU lose face face vT accept fact, truth, etc facecloth nC see also @ cloth faceless neg adj in the face of straight face nC see also @ straight make/pull a face
202
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
facet
facet nC
long face nC shame-‐faced adj see 1 also @ shame slap in the face nC see also @ slap
facility
facilitator nC
in fact/in actual fact
facilities n pl amenities
facilitate vT formal
fact
facility nC building, equipment, etc fact nCU
faction
faction nC
factual adj factually adv
as a matter of fact that’s a fact! factional adj
factor
factor nC
factory
factory nC
factor in/into phr v wow factor nC
faculty
faculty nC university department
fade
fade vI lose colour, brightness
fail
fail vI not succeed failure nCU no success
fail vIT fail exam
fade vI gradually disappear, reduce volume fail vI not do sth failure nU not doing sth
failed adj
1
faint adj not bold
faintly adv
2
faint vI
fair adj fairly adv
fair adv unfair neg adj
fairness nU
unfairly neg adv
faint opp bold faint lose consciousness 1 fair just, right
faculty nCU esp Am all teachers at a university faded adj fading adj fail vI break down, stop working failure nCU stop working failing adj without fail faint nC feel faint unfairness nU fair game see also @ 2 game
203
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
fair nC
3
fair adj
fun fair nC see also @ fun/funny
4
fair adj fairly adv quite
fairy nC
faith nU
yours faithfully letter closure Brit/faithfully yours Am see also @ yours
faithful adj loyal
faithfully adv
faith religious belief
faith nU
faithful adj
fairytale nC/adj see also @ tale tooth fairy nC see also @ tooth faithful adj sexually unfaithful neg adj sexually faithfulness nU in good faith have faith in faithful nU
fake
fall vI descend
fall vI accident fall vI reduce, become lower fall nC drop fall nC accident fall nC rain, snow, etc
fake adj fake nC fake vT
fallen adj downfall nU pitfall nC see also @ pit rainfall nU see also @ rain waterfall nC see also @ water
fall down phr v
fall vI be captured fall vI be killed fall vI happen on a certain day fall asleep see also 1 @ asleep/sleep fall in love see also @ love fall ill see also @ ill falling adj falls n pl waterfall shortfall nC fall apart phr v disintegrate
fair event, show fair pale, light fair reasonable, average fairy
1
faith trust
2
1
fall descend
204
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
fall autumn
false
false adj not correct
fame/famous
famous adj
familiar
family
family nC related people family nCU children family adj
fall nCU Am see also @ autumn false adj not real false adj not true
fame nU
famed adj
familiar adj be familiar with sb/sth
unfamiliar adj
infamous adj familiarity nU
family name nC see also @ name
family nC group of things
X
fall apart phr v stop working fall away phr v fall back on phr v fall behind phr v fall for phr v fall in with phr v fall off phr v decline fall on phr v fall out phr v tooth, hair, etc fall out phr v quarrel fall over phr v fall short of sth phr v fall through phr v falsely adv falsify vT falsehood nC famously adv defamation nU defamatory adj defame vT formal infamy nU familiarize vI unfamiliarity nU family planning nU 1 see also @ plan family tree nC see also @ tree royal family nC see also @ royal
205
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
famine
famine nCU
1
fan nC
fanatic nC
2
fan nC
fan vT
fancy like
1
fancy vT informal Brit
fancy nC
2
fancy adj
fancy oneself take a fancy to sb/sth fancy!/fancy that! exclam
fancy adj
fancy imagine
fancy vT literary
fantastic
fantastic adj
fanciful adj fancifully adv fancy dress nU Br 2 see also @ dress fanciful adj fancifully adv
fantasy
fantasy nCU
fantasize viT
far
far adj/adv distant as far as ...
far adv very much so far farther/further comp adj/ adv farthest/furthest sup adj/adv
by far
as/so far as I know far and wide see also @ wide far apart see also @ apart far away see also @ away far from far off far-‐reaching adj see 2 also @ reach in as/so far as conj fare nC taxi customer
fan supporter fan cooling device
fancy expensive, fashionable 3 fancy ornate
4
1
fare payment for ticket
fare nC
206
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
fare manage
fare vI formal
farewell
farewell nC
bid farewell
farm
farm nC
farmer nC
farm vIT
farming nU
farmhouse nC see also 2 @ house farmland nU see also 1 @ land
fascinate
fascinating adj
fascinate vT
fascination nU
farm out phr v distribute farmhand nC see 2 also @ hand farmyard nC see 1 also @ yard fascinated adj
fascism
anti-‐fascist adj
1
fashion nU
fascism nU fascist adj fascist nC
fashion nCU
fashionable adj unfashionable neg adj old-‐fashioned adj
1
fast adj watch, clock, etc fasten vIT/fasten sth on/to/together phr v
2
fast adj quick fast adv
fast adv/adj fastened adj
fat adj
fat nU body fat
fashionably adv unfashionably neg adv in fashion out of fashion come into fashion go out of fashion fast food nU see also @ food unfasten vT unfastened neg adj fastener nC fastening nC zip fastener nC Brit see also @ zip/ zipper fatness nU fatten vT fattening adj
fashion creative industry 2 fashion what is popular
fast quick fast fixed, stuck/fasten
1
fat opp. thin
207
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
fat grease, oil, etc
fat nCU grease, oil fatty adj
fatal
fatal adj
fate
fate nCU
1
father nC
grandfather nC see 2 also @ grand
father-‐in-‐law nC see 2 also @ law /in-‐law forefather nC see also @ fore-‐ great grandfather nC 2 see also @ great / great-‐
father priest
2
father nC
fatigue
fatigue nU
faucet see also @ 2 tap fault
faucet nC Am
fault nCU mistake, blame fault nC broken part favour nC Brit/ favor nC Am sth helful favour nU Brit/ favor nU Am favour vT Brit/ favor vT Am
fault vT
at fault find fault with
do (sb) a favour/ favor
faultless neg adj faultlessly neg adv faulty adj
ask a favour/favor
favourite nC Brit/ favorite nC Am
favourable adj Brit/ in favour/favor of favorable adj Am out of favour/favor unfavourable neg (with) adj Brit/ unfavorable
favourably adv Brit/ favorably adv Am unfavourably neg adv Brit/ unfavorably neg
favoured adj Brit/ favored adj Am favouritism nU Brit/ favoritism nU Am
father male parent
1
2
favour/favor helpful act favour/favor like, support
fat-‐free adj see also 3 @ free low-‐fat adj fatally adv fatality nC fateful adj fatefully adv father vT fatherly adv fatherhood nU forefather nC see also @ fore/fore-‐ foster father nC see also @ foster godfather nC see also @ god stepfather nC see 3 also @ step fatigue vIT fatigued adj
208
headword
A1
A2
fax
favourite adj Brit/ favorite adj Am
fear
fear nCU
feasible
B1
B2
C1
neg adj Am
C2
X
adv Am
fear vT be afraid
fax nC fax vT
fear vT formal worry
fearful adj fearfully adv
fearless adj fearlessly adv
feasible adj
feast
feast nC feast vI
feat
feat nC
feared adj for fear of/that in fear of feasibility nCU feasibly adv feasting nU feast one’s eyes see also @ eye
feather
feature
feature nC important part of sth feature nC physical characteristic
feather nC feather adj
feature vT include significantly
federal adj
federation nC
federally adv confederation nC
feebly adv feebleness nU feeble-‐minded adj 1 see also @ mind enfeeble vT formal enfeebled adj formal feed on phr v
federal fed up see also @ feed fee
fee nC
fed up adj informal bored
feeble
feeble adj
feed see also @ food
feed vT give food
fed up adj informal
feed nCU feeding adj feeding nU
feed vIT load with sth
feathered adj feathery adj
209
headword
feedback 1
feel experience physically 2
feel experience emotionally, mentally
A1
A2
feel vIT touch, etc feeling nC physical sensation feel vT feelings n pl feeling nCU emotion emotions
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
feedback nU
feel n sing particular quality feel like sth phr v want feel like doing sth phr v want to do sth
hurt sb’s feelings feel good/bad about sth
feel up to phr v
3
feel vI
feel have opinion
4
fellow
fellowship nU
female see also @ male feminine
feel vIT have opinion feeling nC opinion fellow nC old-‐ fashioned fellow adj female adj female nC
feminism nU femininity nU
fence wooden barrier ferocious see also @ fierce ferry
fence nC
feminine adj feminist nC feminist adj fencing nU fence vT
ferry nC
fertile
fertility nU fertilizer nCU
ferry vT ferryboat nC see also @ boat fertile adj land, people, animals, etc
sit on the fence be indecisive ferocity nU ferociously adv
feel state of health
ferocious adj
fertile adj imagination fertilize vT fertilization nU infertile neg adj infertility nU
210
headword
festival
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
festival nC
fetch vT collect
feudal
fever
few
fewer det
fiancé/fiancée
few det/pron a few det/pron
fibre/fiber
fiction
fidelity
C2
X
festive adj festivity nCU
feudal adj
feudalism nU
fever nCU
run a fever
quite a few/a good few
feverish adj feverishly adv
fiancé/fiancée nC
fibrous adj
fibre nCU Brit/ fiber nCU Am fiction nU
fictitious adj non-‐fiction nU
fictional adj science fiction nU see also @ science
fidelity nU
1
field nC
2
airfield nC see also @ 2 air
minefield nC see 3 also @ mine midfield adj/ midfielder nC see also @ middle/mid-‐
field speciality
3
battlefield nC see also @ battle field nC sports ground field vI field n sing competitors field nC
fierce/ferocious
fiercely adv
ferocious adj
ferocity nU ferociously adv
fig
fierce adj violent fierce adj strong wind, sun, etc fierce adj emotion, argument, etc
fig nC
fight
fight vIT physical
fight vIT strive fight vIT argue
fighter nC person, aircraft, etc
firefighter nC see 1 also @ fire
fig leaf nC see also 1 @ leaf firefighting nU see 1 also @ fire
fetch
field flat land field sports ground
211
headword
A1
A2
B1
fight nC physical fight nC striving
1
figure number 2
figure nC number figure nC amount
figure be mentioned/ included in sth 3 figure shape of body
B2
C1
C2
fighting nU
X
infighting nU fight against phr v fight back phr v fight for phr v fight off phr v
figure vI
figure nC
disfigure vT disfigurement nCU disfiguring adj disfigured adj
figure nC
figure think
4
5
figure vI esp Am figure vI informal make sense figure sth out phr v informal
figure nC
figure of speech see also @ speech filing nU
figurative adj figuratively adv on file
file nC file vT
nail file nC see also 2 @ nail
figure diagram, table, etc 6 figure person in story, events, etc 7 figure figure of speech 1 file record
2
file nC record file nC container file nC computer file vT make a record, file
3
file tool file line of people, animals, etc
file nC file vI
212
headword
fill see also @ full
1
film movie
A1
fill vT make sth full fill/fill in phr v put sth into a space film nCU movie
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
fill vT take a job fill vT at dentist fill in/out phr v complete a form, etc film star nC see also 2 @ star
filling nCU
filler nCU have one’s fill of sb/ sth
filmmaker nC
film vIT
filming nU
film nC
film thin layer
film nCU photographic
filter
filter nC
filter vIT
filtration nU
filtering nU
filthy
filthy adj
filth nU
fin
fin nC
final
final adj last final adj decision, offer, judgement, etc finally adv after a long time
finally adv lastly
final nC in competition
semi-‐final nC
finance
financial adj
financially adv financing nU
fnancier nC
find
find vT recover sth lost find vT discover
find nC
find vT give verdict finder nC
fine adj good, enjoyable
find vT experience sb/sth find (sth) out phr v finding/findings nC usu pl fine adj weather fine adj healthy
finance nU money finances n pl finance vT
finalize vT finalization nU finalist nC finale nC final exam/ examination nC see also @ exam/ examination semi-‐finalist nC financial year nC also @ year
fine adv
finery nU literary
fine adj thin, delicate
finely adv
2
1
fine good, enjoyable, good quality 2 fine thin, delicate
213
headword 3
A1
A2
B1
B2
fine adj small
fine money paid as punishment finger
finger nC body part
finish
finish vIT complete finish vIT end finish vIT finish eating
fingernail see also 2 @ nail fingerprint nC see 2 also @ print index finger nC see also @ index finish nC end
finite
fir
fire nCU fire nC Brit household heater on fire
fire alarm nC see also @ alarm
1
fire flames, smoke, etc
C1
C2
X
fine nC fine vT finger nC sth shaped like a finger
fingertip nC see also @ tip
finger vT fingerprint vT see 2 also @ print keep one’s fingers crossed
finished adj
unfinished neg adj
finite adj infinite adj
infinitely adv infinity nU fir nC
finisher nC finishing adj finish (sth) up phr v finish up with phr v finish (sth) off phr v finish with sth phr v
fire nU strong emotion firefighter nC see also @ fight fireman nC see also 3 @ man fireplace nC see also @ place
bonfire nC fiery adj fire brigade nC Brit see also @ brigade fire department nC Am see also @ department fire engine nC see also @ engine fire escape nC see also @ escape firehouse nC esp Am 2 see also @ house fire service nC see also 2 @ serve/ service fire station nC esp Brit
fir tree nC see also @ tree catch fire play with fire put out a fire set sth/sb on fire firefighting nU see also @ fight fireproof adj see 3 also @ proof
214
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 3
2
fire vIT shoot gunfire nU see also @ gun
3
fire shoot
fire dismiss, sack
see also @ station firework nC firing nU ceasefire nC see also @ cease firearm nC see also @ 2 arm
fire vIT ask questions firepower nU see 2 also @ power under fire firing squad nC see also @ squad
fire vT
1
firmly adv
firm up phr v firmness nU
firm company
2
firm nC
firm adj hard, solid firm adj fixed firm adj definite
first
first ordinal number
first/firstly adv in order, time, on list, etc first adj
first/the first pron/ n sing at first
first half nC see also 2 @ half
first-‐hand adj
first class nU see 2 also @ class first-‐class adj see 2 also @ class first floor n sing see 2 also @ floor first name nC see also @ name
first aid nU see also @ aid first of all first and foremost first and last at first sight see also 1 @ sight first person n sing grammar
fiscal adj
fish nC
fish vI
fisherman nC see
fish and chips nU see fishery nC
firm hard, solid
fiscal
fiscally adv fiscal year nC see also @ year fish for phr v
215
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
fish
fish nC
fishing nU
also @ man
fist
3
C1
C2
X
also @ chip fishing rod see also @ rod
goldfish nCU tunafish nC see also @ tuna
1
fist nC
fishmonger nC fishing boat nC see also @ boat jellyfish nCU see also @ jelly shellfish nU see also 1 @ shell
1
fit vI
fit nC
2
fit vI fit adj
fitting adj
3
fit adj
fitness nU
unfit neg adj
fit in (with) phr v fit into phr v fit with phr v misfit nC unfit neg adj
4
fit nC Brit
fit install
5
fit vT
five/fifteen/fifty
fixed adj secured fixed adj agreed flag nC
fix vIT Brit agree time, price, etc
fixture nC installation
flag
fifth ordinal number/ fraction fifteenth ordinal number/fraction fiftieth ordinal number/fraction fix vT repair fix vT fasten, attach
fix
five cardinal number 5 fifteen cardinal number 15 fifty cardinal number 50
fitter nC fittings n pl Brit fit sb/sth in phr v
flake
flake nC
fixing nU fix up phr v flag down phr v flag up phr v flake vI cornflake nC see also @ corn
fit be correct size fit suit, be suitable
fit healthy fit seizure
216
headword
flame
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
flame nC
inflammation nU
flare
flash
flash vIT flash nC
flap nC flap vI flare nC flare vIT/flare up phr v
1
flat adj level
flat adj unexciting flatness nU
2
flat nC
flat adj without electrical charge flat adj not inflated flat adv flatten vIT
flat absolute
3
flavour/flavor
flavour nCU Brit/ flavor nCU Am flavour vT Brit/ flavor vT Am
flat adj flatly adv
flaw
flaw nC
flee see also @
flee vIT
flap
flat level
flat apartment Brit
X
flame up phr v flaming adj go/send up in flames inflame vT inflamed adj inflammatory adj flammable adj inflammable adj Brit flashing adj flashlight nC Am see 1 also @ light, torch in a flash flattened adj flat tyre nC Brit/flat tire nC Am see also @ tyre/tire flatmate nC see also 2 @ mate flavoured adj Brit/ flavored adj Am flavouring nCU Brit/ flavoring nCU Am flavourless adj Brit/ flavorless adj Am flawed adj flawless neg adj fleeing adj
217
headword
flight
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
X 2
flight nU take flight
fleet
fleet nC
flesh
flesh nU human/ animal
flexible
flexible adj
flexibility nU
flick
flick vT
flicker
flicker vI
flight journey by aircraft; see also @ 1 fly 2 flight see also @ flee fling
flight nC journey flight nU flying
flight attendant nC 2 see also @ attend / attendant
fling vT
flight nU take flight
flip
flip vIT
flirt
flirt vI
float vI opp. sink float vIT move on surface
floating adj
flirtation nCU flirt nC flirtacious adj float nC afloat adv/adj flotation nCU
1
float opp. sink
flesh nU fruit/ vegetable fleshy adj in the flesh one’s (own) flesh and blood see also @ blood flex vT flexibly adv inflexible neg adj inflexibly neg adv inflexibility nCU flick nC flick through phr v flicker nC flickering adj
218
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
flock
flock nC animals
flood
flood vT
flood nCU
flooded adj flooding nU
1
floor nC surface in room floor nC dance, factory, etc
floor level in building
2
floral
floor nC ground/first/second etc floor n
floral adj
flour
flour nU
flourish
flourish vI
flow
flow nCU liquid, gas, etc
flow vI
overflow vIT overflow nC
flower
flower nC
flower vI
flower bed nC see 1 also @ bed
flow nCU people, traffic, etc flowing adj
floor surface in room
X
floating voter nC see also @ vote flock nC people flock vI floodplain nC see 2 also @ plain floodwaters npl see also @ water floor vT floored adj flooring nU floorboard nC see 1 also @ board floor show nC see 2 also @ show
flora nU florist nC floury adj floured adj flourishing adj outflow nC cash flow nCU see also @ cash flowered adj flowering adj flowery adj flowerpot nC see also @ pot sunflower nC in flower
219
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
flu
flu nU
influenza nU
fluent
fluent adj
fluid
fluorescent
fluid nCU fluid adj
fluency nU fluently adv
fluorescent adj
flush
flush vI
fluorescent light nC 1 see also @ light flush nC
flute
flute nC
flight nC journey by aircraft flight nU flying
fly vI move quickly flier/flyer nC flying nU flying adj
fly insect
fly vT travel in air fly vIT travel in aircraft fly vT control aircraft, etc
fly nC
butterfly nC
foam
foam nU foam cI
focus
focal adj
foe
focus nU focus vIT focus on/upon sb/ sth phr v
foamy adj shaving foam nU see also @ shave focused adj
foe nC
fog
foil
fog nU foggy adj
foil nU
not have the foggiest (idea)
fold
fold vT unfold vIT be flattened; be revealed
fold nC
1
fly travel in air
2
fluidity nU
flautist nC/ flutist nC Am flying boat nC see also @ boat flying saucer nC see also @ saucer
folding adj folded adj enfold vT fold your arms see 1 also @ arm
220
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
folder
folder nC
foliage
foliage nU
folk
folk nC informal folk adj
folklore nU folksong see also @ song
1
follow vIT go after follow vIT happen subsequently following adj
follow vT result following prep
2
follow vT obey
follow vT have an interest in follower nC
follow vT advice, recommendation, etc follow vIT
folk music nU see also @ music gentlefolk n pl old-‐ fashioned see also 2 @ gentle the following follow-‐up adj follow-‐up nC follow up phr v follow through phr v as follows follow suit see also 3 @ suit following nC
fond
fond adj
font
font nC print style
fondly adv fondness nU be fond of fondle vT
food see also @ feed
food nCU
cat food nU see also @ cat dog food nU see also @ dog seafood nCU see also @ sea
follow go after
follow obey
3
follow understand
foody nC informal fast food nU see 1 also @ fast health food nCU see also @ health junk food nCU see also @ junk foodstuff nC
221
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
foot/feet nC body part
foot/feet nC bottom on foot of sth
footprint nC see also footpath nC see also 2 @ print @ path footstep nC see also 1 @ step
foot 12 inches
2
foot/feet nC
food for thought foolishly adv foolishness nU fool about/around phr v make a fool of sb footing nC footbridge nC see also @ bridge foothold nC see also @ hold footnote nC see also 1 @ note footage nU
football
football nU Brit soccer football nU Am American football football nC the ball; 1 see also @ ball for prep intended for/for the purpose of for prep because of for prep length of time/distance for prep for an occasion for prep payment for for prep on behalf of for prep translation for prep work for
American football nU footballer nC
rugby football nU see also @ rugby
for prep towards for conj formal because
for prep considering age, condition, etc for prep support for/ in favour of
what … for? why?
fool
foot body part
for
fool nC
fool vT foolish adj
222
headword
forbid
A1
A2
B1
B2
1
force nU
2
force nU force vT
3
force group of people
4
fore/fore-‐
C1
C2
X
forbid vT forbidden adj
by force
force vT
forced adj
force nC air force nC see also 2 @ air
enforce vT see also @ enforce enforcement nU
forceful adj forcefully adv forcibly adv
forehead nC see 1 also @ head
forecast
foreign
foreigner nC
foreman
foreign adj from abroad
forecast nC forecast vT weather forecast nC see also @ weather foreign adj external, alien
foremost
foremost adj
force influence force physical power force compel
workforce n sing see also @ work
fore n sing forefather nC see also 1 @ father foreground n sing
in/into force enforceable adj enforced adj enforcer nC amed forces nC see 2 also @ arm task force nC see also @ task
forearm nC see also 1 @ arm forefather nC see 1 also @ father forefront n sing forerunner nC forecaster nC
foreman nC see also @ 3 man
first and foremost
223
headword
A1
A2
B1
forename
forensic
foresee see also @ see forest
B2
C1
C2
X
forename nC see also @ name
forensic adj
forensically adv
foresee vT
forest nC
rainforest nC see also @ rain
foretell see @ tell
foreseeable adj unforeseen neg adj forestry nU forester nC forested adj deforestation nU foretell vT
forever see also @ ever 1 forge copy, counterfeit
forever/for ever adv evermore
forge vT
forge make links
forge vT
forget
forget vIT fail to remember forget vIT fail to do sth
forgetful adj
forgive
forgive vT
forgiveness nU
fork
fork nC eating tool
fork nC gardening tool
fork vT use a fork
1
form vT
formation nU process of creation
fork nC turning in road fork vI divide
forgetfully adv forgetfulness nU forgotten adj unforgettable neg adj forgive me! formal forgivable adj forgiving adj unforgiving neg adj forked adj
formative adj
2
form nC
application form nC
formation nC sth formed (rocks, clouds, etc)
2
form create, develop, establish form document
forever adv informal often forged adj forger nC forgery nCU
224
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
3
form nC
see also @ apply / application
4
form nC
5
form n sing
form class at school Brit formal
6
form nC
formal adj official
informal neg adj
informally neg adv
format
format nCU
formal adj serious formally adv formality nCU
formation nC coordinated pattern deformed neg adj deformity nU be on good/great/ bad/etc form Brit/ be in good/great/ bad/etc form Am first/second/etc former nC informality neg nU
format vT
former
former adj
formerly adv
the former n sing
formidable
formidable adj
formidably adv
formula
formulate vT
formulation nCU
fort
formula nC plan formula nC mathematical, chemical, etc
fort nC
fortress nC
forth
and so forth
forth adv formal
henceforth adv formal
fortify vT fortified adj fortification nC
forthcoming
forthright
forthcoming adj happening soon
forthright adj
fortnight
fortnight nC Brit
form type form shape
form current ability
225
headword
A1
fortunate see also 2 @ fortune 1 fortune lots of money 2 fortune luck, chance; see also @ fortunate forum
A2
B1
B2
fortunately adv
unfortunately neg adv
fortune nC
forward see also @ 2 ward /-‐ward
C1
C2
X
fortunate adj unfortunate neg adj
make one’s fortune
fortune nCU
misfortune nCU
forum nC
tell sb’s fortune fortune teller nC see 1 also @ tell
forward/ forwards adv direction forward/forwards adv earlier
forward adj
fossil
fossil nC
foster
foster vT
foul
foul adj
found
found vT establish
founder nC
found vT base idea
founding adj
forward vT fast forward vT look forward phr v backwards and forwards see also @ backward/ backwards fossilize vIT fossilization nU foster adj: foster mother/ father/parent nC see also @ mother, father, parent foster home nC see 2 also @ home foster child/ daughter/son nC see also @ child, daughter, son foul nC foul vT foul-‐up nC foul up phr v foundation adj
226
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
foundation charity, institution fountain
foundation nC start foundations n pl of building
fountain nC water
fountain nC source
four/fourteen/forty
fourth ordinal number 4th fourteenth ordinal number/fraction fortieth ordinal number/fraction
fox
four cardinal number 4 fourteen cardinal number 14 forty cardinal number 40
fountain pen nC see also @ pen
fox nC
fraction
fraction nC
fracture
fractured adj
fragile
fragile adj
fracture nC fracture vT
fragment
fragment nC
fragrance
frail
fragrance nCU fragrant adj frail adj
fragment vIT fragmentary adj fragmentation nU fragmented adj
1
frame nC
frame vT
2
frame nC structure frame nC body
framework nC
frame edge, border
frame structure
etc
foundation nC
fragility nU
frailty nU framed adj picture frame nC see also @ picture window frame nC see also @ window mainframe adj/nC
227
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
franchise
franchise nCU
frank
frankly adv
frank adj
franchise vT franchisee nC frankness nU
frantic
frantic adj
frantically adv
fraud
fraud nUC
free adj/adv not limited free adj/adv not imprisoned freedom nU
free will nU see also 2 @ will
free vT release from prison
freely adv
fraudulent adv fraudulently adv fraudster nC defraud vT set free
free adj
3
free adj/free from/ of duty-‐free adj/nC see 2 also @ duty
4
free vT make available
free adj not busy, not in use
free trade nU see also @ trade freebie nC informal fat-‐free adj see also 2 @ fat germ-‐free adj see also @ germ sugar-‐free adj see also @ sugar
freeway nC Am
frozen adj turned to ice
freezer nC freezing adj/adv
freeze nC period of icy weather
freezing nU lit: freezing point
freeze vT turn to ice freeze vI feel very cold freeze vIT preserve food by freezing
freeze vI stop sth moving
freeze vT stop prices, etc increasing; stop
freezing n usu sing fig: stopping money
1
free not limited, at liberty
2
free free of charge
free without
free not busy, not occupied freeway see also @ 3 way freeze see also @ frozen
228
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
money etc being moved freeze nC no increase in price, etc;
etc being moved unfreezing n usu sing unfreeze vT release money etc that has been frozen frozen adj unable to be increased (prices, etc); unable to be released (money, etc) freighter nC freight vT frenzied adj
freight
freight nU
frenzy
frenzy nC usu sing
frequently adv
frequency nU
frequent adj
frequency nC
infrequent neg adj infrequently neg adv
fresh adj recent
fresh adj new fresh adj food, drink, etc
freshly adv
freshwater adj see also @ water
freshen vIT freshness nU
refresh vT
refreshing adj refreshment nCU
refreshingly adv refresh one’s memory see also @ memory
1
frequency how often 2 frequency radio etc 1
fresh recent
fresh natural
2
freshman
fresh adj fresh air, etc
friction
friction nU rubbing
fridge see also @ refrigerator friend
fridge nC
friend nC
friendly adv
friendship nCU unfriendly neg adj
freshman nC see 3 also @ man friction nU quarrelling friendliness nU unfriendliness nU
229
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
boyfriend nC see also @ boy girlfriend nC see also @ girl pen-‐friend nC see 1 also @ pen
X
fright nU
frightened adj frightening adj
fringe nC
friendly nC sport befriend vT be friends with make friends (with) environmentally-‐ friendly adj see also @ environment frighteningly adv frightful adj very bad frightfully adj
fringe nC
fringe adj
frock nC
frog
frog nC
from
from prep leaving place, direction from prep distance from a point from prep where sb/ sth is from from prep stating point from prep gift, communication, , etc from sb/somewhere front nC of building, place, vehicle, book, etc front adj
from prep obtain, remove from somewhere
frogman nC see also 3 @ man
front door nC see also @ door
fright
frighten vT
1
fringe edge
2
frock
fringe haircut
front
front vT front adj in front in a series, game, etc
230
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
in front of
frontier nC
1
frost nCU
frosty adj
frost cake decoration; see also 2 @ ice frown
2
frost vT esp Am frosting nU esp Am
frostbite nU frostbitten adj see also @ bite frosted adj esp Am
frozen see also @ freeze 1 fruit apple, orange, etc 2 fruit result
frown vI frown nC frozen adj
fruit nCU
fruitcake nCU see also @ cake
fruit juice nCU see also @ juice
fruits n pl rewards, consequences, etc fruitful adj
frustrate
frustration nCU
frustrate vT
fry
fuck sex
1
fry vT fried adj fries n pl Am see 1 also @ chip French fries n pl Am 1 see also @ chip frying pan nC see also @ pan
frustrated adj frustrating adj fry nCU
fruity adj fruiterer nC fruition nC formal fruitless neg adj fruitlessly neg adv fruitfully adv
fuck vIT offensive
fuck nC offensive
2
fuck! exclam offensive fucking adj/adv offensive
fucker nC offensive fuck off phr v offensive go away fuck all nU Brit
frontier frost thin covering of ice
fuck annoyance, intensifier
frying nU
231
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
fuel
fuel nCU
fulfil/fulfill
fulfil vT Brit/ fulfill vT Am
fulfilment nU Brit/ fulfillment nU Am
full see also @ fill
full adj filled, complete, etc
fully adv
full-‐time adj see 1 also @ time
fume
full name nC see also @ name full stop nC Brit see 2 also @ period
fun/funny
fun nU sth enjoyable funny adj strange, fun nU playful unusual energy fun adj funny adj humorous
fumes n pl fume vI
function
function nCU
fund
fund nC
fund vT funding nU
function vI functional adj
fundamental
fundamental adj
refund nC refund vT
fundamentally adv
fuel vT
C2
X
offensive nothing fuel tank nC see also 1 @ tank fulfilled adj unfulfilled neg adj fulfilling adj full adj eaten enough fullness nU in full full-‐scale adj see 1 also @ scale full time nU see also 1 @ time fumigate vT for fun/for the fun of it make fun of sb poke fun at sb/sth see also @ poke fun fair nC see also 2 @ fair functioning adj funded adj fund-‐raising nU pension fund nC see also @ pension refundable adj fundamental n usu pl fundamentalism nU fundamentalist adj
232
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
fundamentalist nC
funeral
funeral nC
funeral adj
fungus/fungi
fungus nC
fur
fur nUC
fur coat nC see also 1 @ coat
furry adj
furious see also @ fury
furious adj
furiously adv
fungal adj fungicide nCU see also @ suicide furrier nC fur-‐lined adj see 3 also @ line
furniture
furniture nU
furnishings npl
further see also @ far furthermore
further comp adv/adj
furthest sup adj/adv
furnish vT provide with furniture furnished adj
further vT
fury
furthermore adv formal
furiously adv
1
fury nU furious adj fuse nC
fuse vIT Brit
fuse nC
defuse vT
fuse join together, melt fuss
fuse vIT fusion nU fuss nU
futile
futile adj
fuss vI fussy adj make a fuss of/over/about futility nU
future
future/the future nU future n sing grammar
fuse electrical device 2 fuse part of bomb 3
for the future in future Brit/in the future Am
233
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
future nU sb’s/sth’s prospects future adj
future tense nC see 2 also @ tense
gain vIT watch/clock
regain vT
gain vIT increase gain nCU increase gain nCU sth gained
gain on phr v
galaxy nC
gale nC
galactic adj intergalactic adj
gallery
gallery nC art gallery nC see 1 also @ art gallon nC
gallon
miles per gallon
gallop
game nC sport, etc game nC match game nC part of match game nC fun, joke games npl Olympic Games npl
video game nC see also @ video
gallop vI gallop nCU gamble vIT gamble nC gambling nU gambler nC
gamble
game nU
big game nU fair game see also @ fair game park nC see 1 also @ park
Gg
gain
gain vIT get sth extra
galaxy
gale
1
game sport, etc
2
game wild animals, birds, etc
X
board game nC see 1 also @ board
234
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
gang
gang nC
gangster nC
gang up (on) phr v
gaol see also @ jail
gaol/jail nC
gaol/jail vT
gap
gap nC hole gap nC difference
gap nC time
garage
garage nC Brit petrol garage nC vehicle station repair shop garbage nU Am rubbish
garbage
garage nC vehicle store
gaoler/jailer nC gaolbird/jailbird nC bridge a/the gap idiom see also @ 1 bridge garage vT
garden
gardener nC gardening nU garden vI
garden nC usu pl park
garlic
garden nC esp Brit green area beside one’s house for flowers, etc
garlic nU
garment
garment nC formal
garlic bread nU see also @ bread
garrison
garrison nC
garrison vT
1
gas nU substance gas nU for cooking, heating, etc
2
gas nU esp Am gasoline nU esp Am gas station nC esp
gas vT gaseous adj gassy adj gas mask nC see lso @ mask natural gas nU see 1 also @ nature / natural teargas nU see also 2 @ tear gas tank nC esp Am 1 see also @ tank
gas substance that is not solid or liquid
gas /gasoline
garbage nU Am nonsense garbage man nC Am 3 szee also @ man
235
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
gasp
Am see also @ 4 station
gate
gate nC outside door, etc
gate nC at airport, etc
gate-‐post nC see 3 also @ post
gateway nC see also @ 3 way
1
gather vT
gated adj gatekeeper nC see 2 also @ keep /keeper
gather come together 3 gather understand
2
gather vIT
gathering nC party, etc
gauge
gauge nC
gather vT understand, hear
gay homosexual
gay adj
gay nC
gayness nU
gaze
gaze vI
gaze nCU
1
gear nC
gearbox nC
gear equipment
2
gear up phr v prepare, get ready gear nU
gem
gem nC
gender
gender nCU
gene see also @ genetic
gene nC genetic adj
in general
genetically adv genetics nU genome nC
geneticist nC genetically-‐modified adj generally speaking the general public nU see also @ public
generalize vI generalization nC
generality nC generalized adj
gather collect sth
gear engine part
1
general common, usual
general adj common generally adv usually generally adv by most people 2 general opp specific general adj opp specific generally adv not
gasp vI
gasp nC
gauge vT
gear nU informal clothing gemstone nC see also @ stone
236
headword 3
general military rank generate
A1
specifically
B1
general nC
B2
C1
C2
X
generate vT produce electricity
generator nC generation nU
generation age group generic
generation nC
generate vT make sth
generic adj
generically adv
generous
generous adj
genetics see also @ gene
genetic adj
generosity nU generously adv genetics nU genetically adv
genius
genocide
genius nC genius nU
genre
1
2
gentleman nC
gentle adj gently adv gentlemen/gents n pl toilet
gentle opp. rough gentle / gentleman/ gentlewoman
A2
geneticist nC genetically-‐modified adj
genre nC
genocide nU see also @ suicide
gentleness nU
gentlemanly adj gentleman’s agreement nC see also @ agree/ agreement gentlefolk n pl old-‐ fashioned see also @ folk gentlewoman nC gentility nU gentry n pl old-‐ fashioned
generic adj
237
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
genuine
genuine adj
genuinely adv
geography
geographically adv
geographer nC
geology
geography nU geographic/ geographical adj
geometry
geologist nC geologically adv
germ
germ nC
geology nU geological adj geometry nU geometric/ geometrical adj
gesture
gesture nC
gesture vIT
get
get vT obtain, buy, fetch, etc get vT receive
get vT answer door, phone, etc get vI have the opportunity to do sth get vT receive punishment, etc
get vT affect emotionally get vT get hit, injured, etc
get – phrasal verbs, etc
get vT catch, capture, etc get vI/get to phr v reach a place, time, etc get vT catch illness get vIT become get vT cause, prepare get vT prepare a meal get vI move get vT travel by sth get to phr v reach a place, time, etc get sth back phr v retrieve get better see also @ better get down phr v descend get in phr v enter
get back phr v return get/take down phr v make a note of sth get on with sth phr v make progress with get through phr v talk on the telephone
get sth across phr v explain get along with phr v like, be friends get at sth phr v make accessible get at phr v imply, suggest get away phr v
get about phr v travel get ahead phr v progress, succeed get at sb phr v criticize get away! exclam get into sth phr v become interested in
germ-‐free adj see also @ free gesticulate vI formal
238
headword
A1
A2
B1
get off sth phr v alight get sth on phr v put clothes on get on (sth) phr v board get out phr v leave get together phr v meet socially get-‐together nC social meeting get to phr v reach get up phr v stand get (sb) up phr v waken; get out of bed get used to sth see also @ used
ghost
B2
escape, leave get away phr v for a holiday get away with sth phr v avoid detection get by phr v manage, cope get down phr v make a note of sth get sb down phr v depress sb get in phr v arrive get in/into phr v be selected, elected get in touch phr v 1 see also @ touch get off phr v avoid punishment get on with sb phr v Brit like, be friends get (sb/sth) out phr v release get out of sth phr v avoid get over sth/sb phr v recover from get round/around to sth phr v Brit do sth after a delay get through phr v pass exam, etc ghost nC
C1
C2
X
sth get on phr v informal become old get over phr v convey message get around/round phr v avoid, overcome a problem get through phr v finish sth get through (to sb) phr v make sb understand get up to phr v reach get up to sth phr v become involved in sth
ghostly adj
239
headword
A1
A2
B1
giant see also @ gigantic 1 gift present; see also @ give 2 gift nC ablity, talent
gift nC
gig
B2
C1
C2
X
giant nC giant adj
gift nC gifted adj gig nC
gigantic see also @ giant giggle
gigantic adj
ginger
giggle vI giggle nC ginger nU ginger adj taste ginger adj colour
giraffe
giraffe nC
girl
girl nC young female, young woman
girl nC daughter girl nC female worker
girlfriend nC see also @ friend schoolgirl nC see also @ school
choirgirl nC see also @ choir
give vT present, gift, etc
give vT pay gift nC present
give see also @ gift
1
gingerly adv cautiously gingerbread nU see also @ bread ginger ale/beer nU see also @ ale, beer girlish adj girlie/girly adj informal girl-‐band nC see also 1 @ band Girl Friday nC bachelor girl nC see also @ bachelor give vT time, chance, etc give vT illness, reputation, etc give vT inform – news, time, etc give vT give a
240
headword
A1
give phrasal verbs, etc
given
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
speech, performance, etc give vT instructions, directions, orders, etc give over phr v stop doing sth
give in/up phr v surrender give up phr v stop doing sth
give away phr v reveal secret, etc give away phr v give sb sth without payment
give back phr v return sth give in phr v hand in sth found give out phr v distribute give way phr v allow sb to do sth
given adj particular
given nC
glad
glad adj
gladly adv
gladden vT
glamour/glamor
glance
glance vI
glance nC
glamour nU Brit/ glamor nU Am glamorous adj
gland
gland nC
at a glance at first glance glandular adj
glare
glare vI
glare nC
glaring adj
glass nU glass adj
plate-‐glass nU see also @ plate glaze nU glaze vIT glazed adj glazier nC glassy adj double-‐glazing nU see also @ double stained glass nU see
1
glass /glaze material
241
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
glass container, drinking vessel glasses
glass nC
glasses n pl
gleam
gleam vI
glide
glimpse
glitter
globe
global adj whole-‐ world
glimpse nC glimpse vT glitter vI glitter nU globe nC
gloom
glory
gloss
glove
glow
C2
X
also @ stain a glass of water, milk, etc sunglasses n pl see also @ sun gleam nC gleaming adj glide vI hang glider nC glider nC catch a glimpse of sb/sth glittering adj
global warming nU see also @ warm/warming
glory nU
gloom nU misery, despair, etc gloomy adj glorious adj
glove nC
gloss nU shine glossy adj
glow vI glow nU
glowing adj
global adj general, broad globally adv globalization nU
glory in phr v glorify vT glorified adj glorification nU gloved adj velvet glove nC see also @ velvet handle/treat sb with kid gloves see also 2 @ kid
242
headword
A1
A2
glue
go
go vI travel go vI move somewhere go vI leave
go vI become ill, mad, emotional, etc go vI function, work, operate, etc
go phrasal verbs, etc
going to
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
glue nCU glue vT go nC attempt
go away phr v leave go back phr v return go by phr v pass go down phr v descend go down phr v reduce, get worse go in/into phr v enter go off phr v stop functioning go off phr v explode go out/outside phr v leave a building, etc go out phr v stop burning, be switched off, etc go out phr v go socializing go under phr v sink go up phr v increase
go down phr v travel along road, etc go for sth phr v go somewhere to do sth go off phr v go somewhere suddenly go off phr v Brit decay go on phr v happen go on phr v continue go with sth phr v match, suit, etc
go over/through sth phr v scrutinize sth go round phr v tour, explore, etc go through sth phr v experience sth unpleasant go through sth phr v consume, complete
go away phr v go on holiday go away phr v disappear, vanish, etc
be going to intend be going to expect
go nU informal energy, drive on the go to go remaining time, distance, etc go about phr v do, manage go after phr v follow, chase, etc go against phr v oppose go ahead phr v proceed, happen go ahead phr v/exclam informal of course go along phr v Brit visit go along with phr v agree go around/round phr v walk around go round phr v/enough to go round sufficient go back on phr v renege go-‐between nC go by phr v judge by outgoing adj
243
headword 1
goal sport
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
goalkeeper nC see 2 also @ keep /keeper
goal aim, ambition
goal nC score, point, etc goal n sing area of sports field
goal nC
goat
goat nC
god/goddess
god nCU
goddess nCU
gold
golden adj special
goldfish nC see also @ fish goldsmith nC
golf
gold nU metal gold nU colour gold adj made of gold/ colour golden adj made of gold/colour golf nU golfer nC
2
X
goalless adj goalie nC informal goalpost nC see also 3 @ post move the goalposts 3 see also @ post godliness nU godly adj ungodly neg adj godfather nC see 2 also @ father godmother nC see also @ mother goddaughter nC see also @ daughter godson nC see also @ son godchild nC see also @ child/children gold medal nC see also @ medal gold mine nC see 2 also @ mine golfing nU/adj golf club nC see also 1 @ club golfclub nC see also 2 @ club golf course nC see 5 also @ course
244
headword
A1
A2
good adj satisfactory, pleasing good adj good quality good adj successful, skilled at good adj kind good adj positive, encouraging good adj well-‐ behaved good adj morally right no good low quality
good!/very good! exclam good name reputation; see also @ name
be good at good nU morality goodness! exclam good-‐looking adj 2 see also @ look
good greeting
goodbye
bye
goodwill
goods
1
good opp. bad
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
goodness nU
goodwill nU see also 2 @ will good-‐tempered adj see also @ temper
be a good job/thing, etc good for you! exclam congratulations good heavens/grief/ god, etc! exclam good riddance! exclam see also @ rid the great and the good see also @ 1 great
good nU
good morning good afternoon good evening good night have a good day/time, etc
be good for sb/sth do sb good what good is …? good day Aust
goods n pl
goodwill nU see also 2 @ will
goose/geese
goose nC
gorgeous
gorgeous adj
goods train nC see 1 also @ train goose pimple nC Brit/ goose bump nC Am gorgeously adv
gosh!
gosh! exclam informal
2
good advantage, benefit 3
245
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
gospel
gospel nC
gossip
got to/have got to see also @ must govern
have got to modal
gossip nU gossip nC sb who gossips gossip vI
gospel truth nU see also @ truth
government nCU
govern vIT rule governor nC local government nCU see also @ local
governing adj governmental adj
gown
gown nC
nightgown nC
grab
grab vIT take hold of
grace
grace nU elegance
graceful adj gracious adj
disgrace nU disgraceful neg adj
governance nU governing body/board nC self-‐governing adj self-‐government nU see also @ self ballroom gown nC see also @ 2 ball /ballroom dressing gown nC 2 see also @ dress evening gown nC see also @ evening grab vT informal chance, etc grab nC smash-‐and-‐grab raid nC Brit see also @ smash, raid gracefully adv gracefulness nU graceless adj graciously adv grace vT formal
246
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
disgrace vT in disgrace degrade vT degradation nU
X
1
grade nC
grade assess student’s work 3 grade class at school gradual
2
grade nC Am
grade nC grade vT
grade vIT upgrade vT upgrade nC
grading nU downgrade vT make the grade grader nC grading nU
graduate
graduation nU postgraduate nC/adj
graduate adj
grain
gradual adj gradually adv graduate nC Brit sb with university degree graduate vI Brit complete university graduate nC Am sb completing school, university, etc graduate vIT Am complete school, university, etc undergraduate nC/adj grain nCU cereal
grain nC small piece
granule nC
gram/gramme
gram/gramme nC kilogram/
granular adj grain of truth nC see also @ truth wholegrain nU see also @ whole take sth with a grain of salt see also @ salt milligram/ milligramme nC
grade level of quality
247
headword
grammar
gramophone see 2 also @ phone 1 grand
2
grand /grand-‐
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
kilogramme nC
grammar nU
grammatical adj
grand adj important, very good
gramophone nC old-‐ fashioned
granddad/grandad nC informal see also @ dad grandchild nC see also @ child/ children granddaughter nC see also @ daughter grandfather nC see also @ father grandma nC informal see also @ ma grandmother nC see also @ mother grandpa nC informal see also @ pa grandparent nC see also @ parent
gran/granny nC informal great-‐grandfather nC see also @ father, great-‐ great-‐grandmother nC see also @ mother, great-‐
grandeur nU
X
grammatically adv grammarian nC grammar school nC see also @ school grand adj final, complete grandly adv grandness nU grand piano nC see also @ piano grand slam nC grand total nC see also @ total
248
headword
grandeur see also @ grand granite 1
grant give, allow
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
grandson nC see also @ son
grandeur nU
granite nU
grant vT give, allow
grant vT
grant a wish see also @ wish take sb/sth for granted granular adj
grant accept, agree to granule see also @ grain grape
grant nC money for sth: scholarship, etc
granule nC
grape nC
graph
graph nC
graphics n pl
graphic vivid
graphic adj
graphical adj graphic adj
grasp
grasp vT grip firmly
grass see also @ graze
grass nU grassy adj
grasp vT comprehend grasp nU
grateful
grateful adj
1
grave nC
grave serious
2
grave adj
graveyard nC see also 2 @ yard gravely adv
gravel
gravel nU
2
grave burial
X
grapevine nC see also @ vine graphically adv
graze vIT grazing adj grazing nU grassland nCU see also 1 @ land gratitude nU
grasshopper nC see also @ hop grass snake nC see also @ snake gratefully adv ungrateful neg adj ingratitude nU gravestone nC see also @ stone gravity nU seriousness gravelly adj
249
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
gravity
gravity nU
gravitational adj
gravy
gravy nU
gray/grey
gray adj Am/grey adj Brit gray nU Am/grey nU Brit
graze see also @ grass
grease
great adj very good greatly adv formal great! exclam
great adj/adv informal emphasis greatness nU
graze vIT grazing adj grazing nU grease nU grease vT greased adj greasy adj
gravy boat nC gravy train nC informal see also 1 @train greying adj Brit/ grayng adj Am greyish adj Brit/ grayish adj Am greyness nU Brit/ grayness nU Am grey/gray area nC see also @ area
1
great very good, large, etc
2
great /great-‐-‐ family
great adj more/larger than usual great adj famous, successful, important
great-‐grandfather nC see also @ father, grandfather great-‐grandmother nC see also @ mother, grandmother great-‐granddaughter nC see also @ daughter,
elbow grease nU see also @ elbow
great/the great nU the great and the good nU see also @ 1 good great-‐aunt nC see also @ aunt great-‐uncle nC see also @ uncle
250
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
granddaughter great-‐grandson nC see also @ son, grandson greed nU greedy adj
greed
green
green adj colour green nU colour
green adj ecological greengrocer nC vegetable seller see also @ grocer greengrocer/ greengrocer’s shop see also @ grocer
greenhouse nC see 2 also @ house
greet
greet vT
greeting nCU
grey/gray
grey adj Brit/gray adj Am grey nU Brit/gray nU Am
grid
grid nCU
grief
grief nU
grieve vIT
grill cook
grill vIT grilled adj
grill nC Brit part of cooker grill nC grilled meat
X
greedily adv green adj unripe green adj inexperienced greenish adj greenery nU green belt nC see also @ belt green light nC see 1 also @ light evergreen adj greying adj Brit/ grayng adj Am greyish adj Brit/ grayish adj Am greyness nU Brit/ grayness nU Am grey/gray area nC see also @ area gridlock nU see also @ lock grievance nC grieving adj come to grief good grief! exclam
251
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
grim
grim adj
grimly adv
grin
grin vI
grin and bear it
grind
grin nC grinning adj grind vT crush
grip
grip nC
grip vT
grip n sing control
groan
grocer
grocer nC grocery nC Brit/grocery store nC Am see also @ 2 store greengrocer nC vegetable seller see also @ grocer greengrocer/ greengrocer’s shop see also @ grocer
groceries n pl
groan vI groan nC
grind vT oppress grind vT sharpen grind nU informal hard work grinder nC grinding nU grinding adj ground adj grind out phr v produce grindstone nC see also @ stone gripping adj come/get to grips with sth hairgrip nC Brit see also @ hair groaning nU
252
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
groom
groove
bridegroom nC see also groom nC @ bride bridegroom groove nC groovy adj informal
gross total; opp net
gross adj
gross vIT
1
ground nU surface of the Earth ground nU soil
ground floor nC Brit
underground adj underground nC railway; metro
ground vIT
2
3
grounds n pl playground nC see 1 also @ play ground nC sports pitch, stadium sports ground nC see also @ sport
groundwater nU see also @ water aground adj/adv break fresh/new ground gain ground get off the ground burial ground nC see also @ bury/burial
grounds n pl/grounds for …
ground see @ grind
group
group nC people/ things
group nC band of musicians
group vT grouping nC
grove
grove nC
grow
grow vI become bigger, taller, etc grow vI increase
grow up phr v become adult
grow vI become
grower nC grown-‐up nC adult grown-‐up adj
ground surface of the Earth
ground /grounds land surrounding building
ground /grounds reason
4
ground vT usu passive on the grounds that/of groundless neg adj ground adj groupie nC informal pressure group nC 1 see also @ press / pressure grow into sb/sth phr v grow on phr v
253
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
grow vT produce plants, crops, etc growing adj growth nU becoming bigger, taller, etc growth nU increase
develop a liking for sb/sth grow out of sth phr v grown adj growth nC hair, tumour, etc outgrowth nC overgrown adj undergrowth nU
growl
grunt
guarantee
guard
guard nC
guarantee nC warranty guarantee vT promise guarantee vT give warranty
guard vT guard nC Brit train official, conductor guard nC device
guardian nC
guerrilla
guerrilla nC/adj
bodyguard nC see also @ body safeguard vT see also 1 @ safe safeguard nC see also 1 @ safe
guess
guess vT
guess nC
guerrilla warfare nU see also @ war/ warfare guess what? exclam
guest
guest nC personal guest guest nC in hotal, etc
be my guest! exclam
growl vI growl nC grunt vIT grunt nC
X
guaranteed adj guarantor nC
be on guard be on/off your guard guard against phr v guardianship nU guarded adj
254
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
guest house nC see 2 also @ house guide nC book guide nC assistance tour/tourist guide nC see also @ tour guide vT assist, show sb how to do sth guide vT give a tour guidebook nC see 1 also @ book
guide nC tourist book guide nC person guide vT lead, show the way guidance nU guideline nC usu pl 1 see also @ line guided adj
guiding adj
Girl Guide nC Brit guide dog nC see also @ dog misguided neg adj
guild nC
guiltily adv guilty conscience nCU see also @ conscience
guide
guild
guilty
guilty adj opp innocent guilty adj feeling
guilt nU opp innocence guilt nU feeling
guitar
guitar nC
guitarist nC
gulf
gulf nC large bay
1
gum nC
gulf nC emotional distance engulf vT
gum chewing gum
2
gun
gun nC
gunfire nU see also 2 @ fire
gum nU chewing gum nU see also @ chew machine gun nC see also @ machine
gunman nC see also @ 3 man shotgun nC see also @ 1 shot
gun down phr v gunner nC gunpoint n sing/at gunpoint see also @ 4 point gunpowder nU see also @ powder staple gun nC see
gum body part
255
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
gut
gutter
guy
gym
Hh
ha!
C1
C2
X
also @ staple stun gun nC see also @ stun gut adj gut vT hate sb’s guts
gut nC/guts n pl intestine guts n pl informal courage
gutter nC
guttering nU
guy nC informal
gym nC room, building gymnasium nC
gym nU gymnastics gymnastics nU
gymnast nC
ha! exclam
habit
habit nC
habitat
habitual adj habitually adv do sth by/out of habit fall/get out of the habit in the habit of
habitat nC
1
hack vIT
2
1
hail vT acclaim
hacksaw nC see also @ saw hack through phr v hack vIT/hack into phr v hacking nU hacker nC hail vT taxi, etc
2
hail nU
hack chop
hack computer hail call out hail weather
hail vI hailstone nC see
256
headword
hair
1
half 50%, ½
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
hair nCU
hairdryer/hairdryer nC see also @ dry/drier
haircut nCU see also @ cut
hairbrush nC see also @ brush
hairy adj hairdresser nC see also 3 @ dress hairstyle nC see also @ 3 style
half adj half/halves nC
half past
half hour nC/half an hour see also @ hour in half
half adv halfway adv halve vT divide halve vT cut in half; reduce by half
X
also @ stone hailstorm nC see 1 also @ storm hairline nC see also 1 @ line hairpiece nC see also @ piece hairpin nC see also 1 @ pin split hairs idiom/ hair-‐splitting adj see also @ split hairspray nU see also @ spray red-‐haired adj see also @ red get in sb’s hair make one’s hair stand on end not turn a hair hairgrip nC Brit see also @ grip halfway adj/adv see 1 also @ way half-‐price adj/adv see also @ price go halves half-‐baked adj informal see also @ bake/baked half-‐brother/sister nC see also @ brother/sister half-‐hearted adj see
257
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 1
2
half part of a sports match 1 hall corridor
hall nC
hall large room, building
hallo see also @ hello halt
also @ heart half-‐term nC Brit see 2 also @ term half-‐time nU
half nC first-‐/second-‐half nC
hallway nC
hall nC town hall nC see also @ town city hall nC esp Am see also @ city
hallo exclamBrit
hall of residence nC Brit lecture hall nC see see also @ reside/ also @ lecture residence, dormitory concert hall nC see also @ concert banqueting hall nC see also @ banquet
halt vIT
halt nC
ham
ham nU
hamburger see also @ burger hammer
hamburger nC burger nC
hammer nC hammer vIT
hamper
hamper vT
hammer away at phr v hammer out phr v hammer home hammering nU
hand nC body part
hand vT shake hands see also @ shake
hand in vT submit hand on phr v hand (sth) out phr v distribute handbag nC see also @ bag hand baggage/ luggage nU see also
hand sth over phr v handful nC Brit sth held in one hand handful nC a small number
hand nC of watch, clock, gauge, etc handbook nC see 1 also @ book handshake nC see also @ shake handwriting nU see also @ write
handcuff nC usu pl see also @ cuff handout nC
2
1
hand body part
hold hands at hand by hand change hands get out of hand hand around/round phr v hand back phr v
258
headword
A1
A2
B1
-‐hand/left-‐ hand/right-‐hand (side)
@ bag/ baggage, luggage hand-‐held adj on the one hand/on the other hand -‐handed/left-‐ handed/ right-‐ handed adj
hand person
handicap
handkerchief handle
2
B2
C1
C2
X
handcuff vT see also @ cuff hand down phr v hand in hand hands-‐ on adj handwritten adj see also @ write have one’s hands full in sb’s hands in hand join hands lay one’s hands on sth give/lend a hand off one’s hands on hand out of hand take/have a hand in sth wash one’s hands of sth
-‐hand/first-‐hand/ secondhand adj
hand nC person on a ship
handicapped adj
handicap nC handicap vT
hand nC worker deckhand nC see also @ deck farmhand nC see also @ farm old hand nC
handkerchief nC
hanky/hankie nC
handle vT
handle nC
handling nU
handler nC handlebar nC manhandle vT see
259
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 2
also @ man handsome adj generous handsomely adv generously handwritten adj
handsome
handsome adj good-‐ looking
handwriting see 1 also @ hand , write handy
handwriting nU
handy adj nearby
handy adj useful, practical
1
hang vIT suspend
hang vT suspend wallpaper, picture, etc hang on phr v informal wait, delay
hang up phr v end phone call
hang back phr v hesitate
hang execute by hanging
2
hang around phr v wait hang on phr v hold tight hang on to phr v retain
hang vT
happen
happen vI
happening nC
happy
happy adj glad
happiness nU
happily adv unhappiness nU unhappily neg adv
harass
happy … greeting, congratulations: happy birthday! happy Christmas! etc unhappy neg adj
hanging nC hangman nC see 3 also @ man happen on phr v find by chance as it happens happy to do sth
harassment nU
harass vT
harbour nC Brit/ harbor nC Am
hang suspend
1
harbour/harbor port
handyman nC see 3 also @ man come in handy handiwork nU see 2 also @ work hang out phr v informal idle overhang vT overhang nC overhanging adj
260
headword
A1 2
harbour/harbor conceal sb/sth bad 1 hard firm, not soft
A2
B1
B2
C1
hard adj
harden vIT
hard difficult, etc
hard adv with great effort
hard adj difficult
hardly
hardware see also @ software hare
hardly adv only just hardly adv almost never
harm
harmony
harsh
harvest
C2
X
harbour vT Brit/ harbor vT Am hardness nU
hardship nCU
hard-‐working adj see also @ work/working
hardly adv unlikely
hard adj harsh be hard on sb hard adj intensely, profusely – rain, etc hardly …. when/before
hardware nU computer
hare nC
harmful adj
harmless neg adj
harm nU harm vT
harmonious adj
harsh adj cruel
harmony nU pleasant combination
harvest nCU harvest vT
haste
hat
hat nC
haste nU hasty adj hastily adv hasten vT
hatch vI
hatch nC
2
1
hatch lid/door on
harshly adj
hardware nU metal things for the home hare vI harmlessly neg adv come to (no) harm harmonize vT in harmony with harmoniously adv harsh adj unpleasant, loud, etc harsh adj extreme – weather, etc harshness nU harvest nU consequences harvester nC in haste
talk through one’s hat idiom hatchback nC/adj
261
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
ship, etc 2 hatch emerge from egg
hatch vIT hatch out phr v
hate
hate vIT
hate nCU
hatred nU
haul
haul vT
haunt
haunt vT occupy by ghost
1
have aux
hatchery nC hatch vT fig: make a plan, plot hateful adj hated adj haul nC haulage nU haunt vT worry haunt nC place regularly visited haunted adj
2
have vT own, possess have vT food, drink
have phrases & phrasal verbs
3
have (got) to do sth must
have vT/have got illness have vT receive, buy have vT experience have vT give birth have (got) sth on phr have got phr v v wear possess
haven
haven nC
have sb do sth have sth done have had it
havoc
havoc nU
hawk
hawk nC bird
hay
hay nU
play/wreak havoc with sth hawk nC aggressive person hawkish adj haystack nC
hazard
hazard nC
hazardous adj
hazardously adv
haze
haze nU
hazy adj
have aux have own, possess
262
headword
he 1
head body part
2
head move in a particular direction
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
he pron male
he pron person of unknown/either sex heady adj
head nC body part
head n sing mind head nC top of sth head vT hit with head
head nC person, animal, etc
heading nC title headline nC
overhead adj/adv
headache nC see also @ ache
forehead nC see also @ fore/fore-‐
headphone nC see 2 also @ phone
headlight nC see also 1 @ light
head vIT
X
headlong adj head first headlong adj rash, hasty head-‐on adj headroom nU see 2 also @ room headstrong adj see also @ strong hothead nC see also 3 @ head redhead nC/ redheaded adj see also @ red above/over one’s head go to one’s head hang one’s head (in shame) head over heels (in love) keep one’s head lose one’s head put one’s heads together turn sb’s head use one’s head head for sth/ somewhere phr v heading nC headway n sing/ make headway see
263
headword 3
A1
A2
C2
X 3
heal vIT
unhealthy neg adj
heap nC
heap vI/heap up phr v
hear vIT detect sound
hear vIT be told
hear from sb phr v receive letter/phone call hearing nU ability
heart nC body part
heart nCU emotion heart nC centre
learn (off) by heart
heart attack nC see 2 also @ attack
kind-‐hearted adj see 2 also @ kind sweetheart nC/ exclam 1 see also @ sweet
healing nU healing adj healer nC unhealthily neg adv be good/bad for one’s health be in good/poor health drink (to) sb’s health health food nCU see also @ food heap sth on/upon sb compost heap nC Brit see also @ compost hear about/of phr v hearing nC official inquiry overhear vT overheard adj hearsay nU see also @ say heart nC shape heart nU enthusiasm, etc at heart break sb’s heart heartbreak nU/
headquarters/HQ see also @ quarters heal
head vT lead head vT be at top of sth
health
health nU
heap
hear
C1
headmaster nC Brit headmistress nC Brit headteacher nC Brit
1
B2
also @ way head adj
head person in charge
heart body part, centre
B1
headquarters n pl HQ abbrev
healthy adj opp ill healthy adj good for one’s health
264
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
heart-‐broken adj see also @ break broken-‐hearted adj 1 see also @ break from the bottom of one’s heart heartburn nU see also @ burn have one’s heart in one’s mouth half-‐hearted adj see 1 also @ half to one’s heart’s content see also @ 2 content in one’s heart of hearts take/lose heart set one’s heart onb sth take sth to heart heartache see also @ ache heartbeat nC see 3 also @ beat hearty adj heartily adv hearten vIT heartless neg adj dishearten vT disheartened adj downhearted neg adj heartfelt adj
265
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
heart card ♥
heart nC often pl
light-‐hearted adj 3 see also @ light
hearth
hearth nC
1
heat vT/heat up phr v
heated adj heater nC
heat competition
2
heat nU heating nU central heating nU see also @ centre/ center
heat nC
heave
heave vIT
heave nCU
heaven
heavenly adj
heaven/heavens nC often pl sky
heavy
heavy adj weighty
heavy adj thick and weighty
heaven nCU opp hell heaven nU informal nice place, situation heavily adv
hectare
hectare nC
heavy adj busy heavy adj drinking/ smoking/sleeping, etc heavy adj weather, sea, etc heavyweight adj/nC heaviness nU
hedge bushes
hedge nC
heel
heel nC back of foot, shoe, sock
2
heat temperature
hedge vT surround with hedges hedge vIT hesitate, avoid giving an answer hedgehog nC head over heels (in love) well-‐heeled adj
266
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
height see also @ high
height nCU vertical distance
heighten vIT
heir see also @ hereditary, inherit helicopter
heir nC
helicopter nC
hell
hell nU opp heaven
hello/hullo/hallo
hello/hallo/hullo exclam
hell nU bad place/ situation
helmet nC
helmeted adj
help vIT assist help nU assistance help n sing sth that helps
help vIT ease pain, etc
helping nC helpless neg adj
crash helmet nC see also @ crash helper nC
hemisphere nC
helmet help
heights n pl hills the height of sth the highest point, highest degreee heiress nC heirloom nC helipad nC heliport nC see also 1 @ port hell! exclam hellish adj
hemisphere see also @ sphere hen
help oneself (to sth) can’t/couldn’t help it help nC helper helpful adj
hen nC
hence
hence adv formal
hen party nC see 1 also @ party
henceforth
henceforth adv formal
her
her pron/adj herself pron same person; see also @ self (all) by herself
herself pron emphasis
hers pron
herald vT
herald nC
herald
unhelpful neg adj helplessly neg adv
267
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
herb
herb nC
herd
herd nC
here
here adv at this place
here/here you are invitation, offer
hereditary see also @ heir, inherit heritage
hereditary adj
herbal adj herbalist nC herbicide nCU see also @ suicide herd vT herder nC Am herdsman nC see 3 also @ man here and now here and there neither here nor there over here here’s to… drinking a toast heredity nU
heritage nCU
hero/heroine
hero nC great person
heroic adj heroine nC
heroin
hero nC main character in book, film, etc
heroin nU
heroically adv heroism nU unheroic neg adj
hesitate
hesitate vI/hesitate to do sth phr v
hesitation nCU
heterosexual see 2 also @ sex /sexual hey!
heterosexual adj
hesitant adj hesitantly adv hesitatingly adv unhesitating neg adj unhesitatingly neg adv heterosexual nC
hi!
hi! exclam informal
hey! exclam informal
268
headword
A1
1
hide leather
2
hide conceal
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hidden adj
hide nC hideout nC
hide vIT conceal sth hide vT conceal emotion
hide nCU
hideous
hideous adj
hierarchy
hierarchy nCU
hideously adv hideousness nU hierarchical adj
hi-‐fi
hi-‐fi nC
high vertical height; high adj see also @ height 2 high extreme, etc highly adv
high adv
high school nC esp Am see also @ school
high adj more than usual: price, speed, temperature, standards, etc high adj rank, importance, etc
high nC record high-‐tech adj see also @ technology
highland nC see also @ 1 land high-‐profile adj see also @ profile
highlight see also @ 1 light highway see also @ 3 way
highlight vT
highlight nC
high-‐level adj high adj voice, sound, etc high adj on drugs, etc high-‐level adj high-‐quality adj see also @ quality high-‐speed adj see also @ speed high street nC Brit see also @ street high tech nCU see also @ technology
highway nC esp Am
hijack
hike
hijack vT hijack nC hitch-‐hike vI
hike nC
1
divided highway nC Am see also @ divide, dual carriageway hijacker nC hijacking nC hike vIT hiker nC
269
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hill
hill nC
hillside nC
him see also @ he, his
himself pron emphasis
hinder
him pron himself pron same person; see also @ self (all) by himself
hiking nU hilly adj downhill adv/adj uphill adv/adj hilltop nC
hinder vT
hindrance nC
Hindu
Hindu nC
hint
hint nC suggestion
hint vIT/hint at phr v
Hindu adj Hinduism nU
hip
hip nC
hire
hire vT employ
hire vT Brit rent hire nU Brit
his see also @ he, him hiss
his pron
hire nC Am sb newly-‐employed hired adj hiring nU his/her pron
hiss vIT
hiss nC
history
history nU the past history nU academic subject
historical adj
historian nC historic adj
historically adv
hit vIT strike
hit vT collide
hit nC act or instance of hitting
history nC book, etc history nC series of events history nC personal, medical, etc make history hit vT with gun, bomb, etc hit nC with gun,
1
hit strike
hint nC small amount
270
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hit bestseller
2
hit nC bestselling music, book, etc
hitch
hitch-‐hike vI
bomb, etc hit vT strike ball, etc hit nC in sport hitter nC hit back phr v hit on/upon phr v think of sth, find sth hit nC sb/sth popular hit parade nC old-‐ fashioned see also @ parade be a hit hitch vI
hitherto
hitherto adv formal
HIV
HIV nU abbrev
HIV-‐positive adj
hmmm/hum
hmm/hum exclam
hobby
hobby nC
hockey
hold
hold vT grip in one’s hand
hold vT support hold vT contain hold vT keep, control hold on phr v informal wait hold on phr v grab
hold up phr v delay hold n sing act of holding holder nC device
ice hockey nU Brit see also @ ice
hockey nU holder nC champion, record holder holding nC share in a company shareholder nc see 2 also @ share
hold hands see also @ hand hold vT detain, imprison hold vT job, title, record, etc hold vT talks, discussions, etc hold vI believe hold back phr v hold in phr v
271
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
hole
hole nC
keyhole nC see also 1 @ key
holiday
holiday nC vacation
holiday nC official/ public hliday
bank holiday nC Brit 1 see also @ bank public holiday nC see also @ public
X
hold out phr v survive hold out for sth phr v hold up phr v rob hold-‐up nC robbery catch/get/grab/take hold of sb/sth phr v foothold nC see also 1 @ foot stakeholder nC see 1 also @ stake buttonhole nC in clothing buttonhole nC flower in buttonhole; see also @ button hole up phr v loophole nC see also @ loop pigeonhole nC pigeonhole vT see also @ pigeon plughole nC esp Brit 2 see also @ plug spyhole nC Brit on holiday package holiday nC 1 see also @ pack / package school holiday nC see also @ school summer holiday nC see also @ summer
272
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hollow
hollow adj opp solid
hollow nC depression in ground
holy
holy adj
hollow adj unconvincing hollow vI/hollow out phr v holiness nU
homage
homage nU
home nCU main dwelling
home nCU town, country where one was born or lives
home adj
home-‐made adj see also @ make/made
homeland nC see also 1 @ land
1
home place one lives
home care institution
home nC care institution nursing home nC see also @ nurse/nursing
homogeneous
homogeneous adj
home adj domestic, not international homecoming nCU homelessness nU homeowner nC see also @ own/owner home page nC see also @ page homesick adj see 3 also @ sick bring home to care home nC see 1 also @ care foster home nC see also @ foster old people’s/folks’ home nC homogeneity nU
homosexual see 2 also @ sex /sexual honest
homosexual adj
homosexuality nU
homosexual nC
honestly adv honesty nU
honey
honest adj dishonest neg adj honey nU
dishonestly neg adv dishonesty neg nU
honeymoon
honeymoon nC
honeymooner nC
honour/honor
honour nU Brit/
honour vT Brit/
honourable adj Brit/
in honour/honor of
home adv to/at one’s dwelling
2
homeless neg adj
homework nU see 2 also @ work at home/be at home come home
273
headword
A1
A2
B1
honor nU Am respect honour nU Brit/ honor nU Am award, medal, etc
B2
C1
honor vT Am give respect
honorable adj Am
C2
1
hood nC
hood car part
2
hook
hook nC hook vIT
hood nC Am see also 2 @ bonnet nC Brit
hooker
hooker nC
hop
hop vI
hope
hope vIT hope nCU
hopefully adv
hopeful adj
hopeless neg adj
horizon
horizon n usu sing
horizontal adj
hormone
hormone nC
1
horn nC
hood clothing
horn of animal
X
sth/sb dishonour nU Brit/ dishonor nU Am dishonour vT Brit/ dishonor vT Am dishonourable adj Brit/ dishonorable adj Am hoodie/hoody nC garment hoodie/hoody nC sb who wears a hoodie hook up phr v off the hook/let sb off the hook hop nC one-‐legged jump hop nC short journey grasshopper nC see also @ grass hopelessly neg adv hope against hope lose/give up hope horizontally adv on the horizon hormonal adj horn nU horned adj
274
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
horn device
horrible
horrible adj
horrify
horror
horse
horse nC
hose
C2
X
horn nC musical instrument
horn nC warning device horribly adv
horrify vI
horror nU shock & fear
horse-‐racing nU see 1 also @ race /racing race horse nC see also 1 @ race
hose nC
hospice
hospice nC
horrified adj horrific adj horror nU/adj book, film, etc horseback nU see 2 also @ back horsebox nC see 1 also @ box horseman nC see 3 also @ man put the cart before the horse see also @ cart horsepower nU see 2 also @ power horseshoe nC see also @ shoe rocking horse nC see 2 also @ rock workhorse nC see 2 also @ work hose vT hosepipe nC see also @ pipe hose down phr v
hospital
hospital nC
hospitality
hospitality nU
hospitable adj inhospitable neg adj
275
headword
A1
A2
host/hostess
hostage
hostel hostile
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
host vT
hostess nC woman entertaining others
host nC city, country, etc host nC radio, TV presenter
host nC person entertaining others hostess nC attendant air hostess nC see 2 also @ air
hostage nC
hostage-‐taking nU
hostel nC
hostile adj
hostility nCU
youth hostel nC see also @ youth
1
hot adj high temperature
2
hot adj
hot emotional
3
hot adj looking/feeling sexy
hot dog
hot dog nC
hot adj emotional, temper, etc hotly adv eagerly, angrily hot-‐blooded adj hot-‐tempered adj hothead nC see also 1 @ head
hotel
hotel nC
hotelier nC
hour
hour nC 60 minutes
working hours n pl 1 ee also @ work quarter of/half an hour rush hour nC see also @ rush
hours n pl time when sth happens opening hours see also @ open/ opening small hours see also @ small
hot high temperature
hot spicy
red-‐hot adj see also @ red hotline nC see also 2 @ line
276
headword
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
1
house nC
household nC housing nU move house see also @ move
house vT put sb into a house housewife nC see also @ wife housework nU see 1 also @ work council house nC Brit see also @ council
housekeeper nC housekeeping nU see 2 also @ keep / keeper/keeping
2
guest house nC see also @ guest
greenhouse nC see also @ green warehouse nC see also @ ware/wares
in-‐house adj/adv farmhouse nC see also @ farm lighthouse nC see also 1 @ light firehouse nC esp Am 1 see also @ fire
house home, dwelling
house building
A1
X
surgery hours for hours (and hours) hour after hour on the hour at the top of the hour hourly adj/adv miles/kilometres per/an hour household adj househusband nC see also @ husband keep house housemate nC see 2 also @ mate housing estate nC Brit see also @ 1 estate terraced house nC Brit see also terrace doghouse nC Am see also @ dog house nC building house vT store sth house nC parliament boarding house nC 4 see also @ board coffee house nC see also @ coffee courthouse nC Am 1 see also @ court curry house nC see also @ curry
277
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hovercraft nC Brit 2 see also @ craft how do you do? formal
hover vI
opera house nC see also @ opera public house nC see also @ pub, public slaughterhouse nC see also @ slaughter storehouse nC see 2 also @ store workhouse nC see 1 also @ work bring the house down on the house
hover
how
how adv how about? suggestion
how much/many/far/ old/hot, etc…? anyhow adv
1
however adv
how are you? somehow adv in some way somehow adv for some reason
however nevertheless huddle
2
however adv/conj
huddle vIT
huddle nC
hue shade, colour
hue nC
hug
huge
huge adj
hug vIT hug nC
hugely adv
hum
hum vIT
hum nC
human
human adj
human nC human being nC
human nature nU 2 see also @ nature
humanity nU
humankind nU humanities n pl
however degree
278
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
humane
humble
humble adj
humane adj humanitarian adj
humid
humidity nU
humiliate
humiliation nU
humour/humor
humour nU Brit/ humor nU Am
humorous adj
hundred
hundred cardinal number
hundredth ordinal number/fraction
hunger nU lack of food/need for food
hungry adj
hunt search
hunting nU
hunt vIT
hunt nC
hurdle
hurdle nC fence in race
hurl
hurl vT
hunger
X
human rights n pl 5 see also @ right / rights inhumanity nU inhumane neg adj Inhumanely neg adv humble vT humbly adv humbling adj humid adj humiliating adj humiliate vT humility nU humorously adv humorist nC sense of humour/ humor nC see also 2 @ sense hundreds of many hunger nU desire for sth hungrily adv hunt down phr v hunt for phr v manhunt nC see 2 also @ man witch-‐hunt nC see also @ witch hurdle nC obstacle hurdle vT hurdler nC
279
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
hurrah!
hurrah! exclam
hurricane
hurricane nC
hurry
in a hurry
hurry nU
1
hurt vIT cause physical pain
hurt nU
hurried adj unhurried neg adj hurriedly adv hurtful adj hurtfully adv unhurt neg adj
hurt harm, damage
2
hurry vIT hurry (sb/sth) up phr v hurt vIT cause mental, emotional distress hurt adj in pain, injured
husband
husband nC
it would/wouldn’t hurt
hut
hut nC
househusband nC 1 see also @ house
hybrid
hydrogen
hydrogen nU
hybrid nC hybrid adj
hygiene
hygiene nU
hymn
hymn nC
hydrogen bomb nC see also @ bomb hygienic adj unhygienic neg adj
hypermarket see 1 also @ market hyphen
hypermarket nC
hyphen nC
hyphenated adj
hypocrisy
hypocrisy nU
hypothesis
hypothesis nC
hypothetical adj
hypocritical adj hypocrite nC hypothesize vI
hysterical
hysterical adj
hurt pain, distress
hysteria nU hysterics n pl hysterically adv
280
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
Ii
I
I pron
ice nU ice cream nCU see 1 also @ cream
icy adj
ice hockey nU Brit see also @ hockey
1
ice frozen water
ice decorate cake; 2 see also @ frost
ice vT Brit icing nU Brit
icon
icon nC
ice nC ice cream ice up phr v iceberg nC tip of the iceberg see 4 also @ tip icebreaker nC see 1 also @ break break the ice (walk) on thin ice ice cap nC see also 1 @ cap ice skate nC ice skater nC ice skating nU see also @ skate iced adj Brit icing sugar nU Brit see also @ sugar the icing on the cake Brit see also @ cake iconic adj
idea
idea nC suggestion, plan
idea nC concept idea nC belief
ideal adj
ideally adv
ideal nC
idealize vT idealized adj idealism nU idealist nC idealistic adj
2
1
ideal perfect 2
ideal principle
281
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
identical
identical adj
identity
identify vT
identity nCU
identity card nC see 1 also @ card
identification nC act of identifying
identification nU papers proving one’s identity
ideology
ideology nCU
ideological adj
idiom
idiom nC
idiot
idiot nC
idle
idle adj
i.e.
i.e. abbrev
if
if conj conditional
if conj whether
if I were you if only
ignite
if conj provided if conj whenever even if see also @ even
ignite vIT
ignition nU
ignorance
ignorance nU
ignorant adj
ignoramus nC
ignore
ignore vT
1
ill adj
illness nCU
2
ill adv formal
fall ill see also @ 1 fall ill at ease see also @ ease ill-‐health nU see also @ health
ill sick ill badly
identically adv identical twins n pl see also @ twin identifiable adj identified adj unidentified neg adj unidentifiable neg adj ideologically adv ideologist nC idiomatic adj idiotic adj idiocy nU idle vIT waste time idle vI engine idly adv idleness nU
282
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
illegal see also @ legal illegitimate see also @ legitimate
illegal neg adj
illegally neg adv
illiterate see also @ literate illogical see also @ logic/ logical illuminate
illuminate vT
illusion
illusion nC
illustrate add pictures to sth 2 illustrate exemplify
illustrate vT
illustration nCU
illustrate vT
illustration nCU
illegitimate neg adj illegitimately neg adv illegitimacy nU illiterate neg adj illiteracy neg nU illogical neg adj illogically neg adv illuminated adj illuminating adj illumination nCU disillusion neg vT disillusionment nU illusory adj illusionist nC illustrated adj illustrator nC illustrative adj
image
image nC mental picture
image nC in poem, etc imagery nU
imagine
imagine vT form ideas, etc
imagine vT believe
image nCU reputation image nC in lens, mirror, etc image nC picture, photo, etc imaginary adj imagination nC ability to form ideas, etc imagination nU believing sth is real, true
imaginative adj
imaginable adj imagined adj unimaginable neg adj
1
283
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
imbalance see also @ balance imitate
imbalance nC
imitate vT
imitation nCU imitation adj
immature see also @ mature 1 immediate time – without delay 2 immediate place -‐ nearby immense
immature neg adj
imitative adj inimitable neg adj inimitably neg adv immaturity neg nU
immediately adv
immediate adj
immediate adj
immediately adv
immense adj
immerse
immerse vT
immensely adv immensity nU immersion nU
immigrant see also @ migrate/migrant imminent
immigrate vI
immigrant nC immigration nU
imminent adj
imminently adv
immobile see also @ mobile
immoral see also @ moral immortal see also @ mortal
immoral neg adj
immune
immune adj
immunity nU
impact
impact nC collision
impact nC effect
impact vIT
immobile neg adj immobilize vT immobility nU immobilizer nC immorally neg adv immorality neg nU immortal neg adj immortal nC immortality nU immortalize vT immunize vT immunization nU impacted adj
impair
impair vT
impairment nU
impaired adj
284
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
impatient see also 1 @ patience/ patient
impeach
impatient neg adj annoyed impatient neg adj wanting sth now impeachment nCU
impending adj
impeach vT unimpeachable neg adj
imperative essential 2 imperative grammar imperfect see also 1 @ perfect
imperative adj
imperative nC
imperative nC
imperial see also @ empire, emperor imperil see also @ peril impersonal see also @ person/ personal impersonate see also @ person impetus
imperial adj
imperialism nU
imperfect neg adj imperfection nCU imperfectly neg adv imperialist nC imperialist adj imperil vT
impersonal neg adj
impetus nU
impersonate vT impersonation nU
implant see also @ 2 plant
implement introduce implicate
implement vT
implementation nU
implant nC implant vT implantation nCU
implicate vT
implication nC
implicit see also @ explicit
implicit adj
implicitly adv
impending 1
impatiently neg adv impatience nU
285
headword
A1
imply
impolite see also @ polite import see also @ export
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
implied adj
imply vT implication nC
impolite neg adj
importer nC imported adj
important/ importance
important adj of great value
importantly adv
the utmost importance see also @ utmost
impose
important adj having great authority, influence importance nU impose vT
import vT import nC importation nU unimportant neg adj
imposition nU
impossible see also @ possible
impossible neg adj not possible
impossibility nCU
impossibly neg adv
impoverished see also @ poverty
impossible neg adj difficult, uncooperative
impractical see also @ practical impress
impractical neg adj
impoverish vT impoverished adj impoverishment nU
impression nC opinion
impress vIT cause admiration impressive adj
impression see also 1 @ press pressure imprison see also @ prison
impression nC mark made by pressure
impress on phr v impressed adj impressively adv impressionable adj unimpressed neg adj unimpressive neg adj be under the impression
imprisonment nU
imprison vT
imprisoned adj
286
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
improbable see also @ probable improper see also @ proper
improbable neg adj
improper neg adj inappropriate, illegal
improve
improve vIT
improvement nC to property, etc
impulse
improved adj improvement nU sth improved
impulse nCU
in prep before, within a time in prep in a language, in writing, etc in prep in age group, century, temperature range, etc in prep in a profession, subject, etc in adv arriving inner adj personal, secret in advance in all in any case in common in the end in general in a minute/ second,
in prep in a state, emotion
in prep in clothes of a style or colour
in prep number – 1 in 100, etc
in adv fashionable
in adv in power, office, etc
in danger
in between in that because
1
in prep inside, within in prep as part of in prep during in prep no more than
2
in adv from outdoors inner adj interior in adv at home, work, etc in addition to in case in fact
in prep
in adv
3
in phrases, idioms, etc
improbably neg adv improbability nCU improper neg adj sexually inappropriate improperly neg adv improving adj improve on/upon phr v impulsive adj impulsively adv on impulse
287
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
inability see also @ able/ability inaccessible see also @ accessible inaccurate see also @ accurate inactive see also @ act/active inadequate see also @ adequate
etc in order to/that in particular in place in public see also @ public in spite of in time in turn in a way in other words
inaccessible neg adj
inaccurate neg adj
inactive neg adj
inadequate neg adj
inappropriate see also @ appropriate
inappropriate neg adj
inaudible see also @ audible inaugural
inaudible neg adj
inaccuracy nC inaccurately neg adv inaction nU inactivity nU inadequacy nCU inadequately neg adv inappropriately neg adv inappropriateness nU inaudibly neg adv
inauguration nCU
incapable see also @ capable incentive
incapable neg adj
inaugural adj inaugurate vT
incentive nCU
inability neg nU
288
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
inch
inch nC
inch by inch
incidence
incidence nC
incident
incident nC
incidentally
incite
incline include see also @ exclude income
C2
X
inch vIT/inch forward phr v
every inch within an inch of
incidentally adv
incidental adj
incite vT
incitement nCU
include vT including prep income nCU
included adj
inclined adj/ inclined inclination nCU to inclusion nU inclusive adj
incline vI formal disinclined neg adj
low-‐income adj
incoming see also @ come incompatible see also @ compatible incompetent see also @ competent
incoming adj
income tax nCU see also @ tax
incompatible neg adj
incompatibility nU
incompetent neg adj
incomplete see also 1 @ complete
incomplete neg adj
incomprehensible see also @ comprehend/ comprehensible inconsistent see also @ consistent inconvenient see also @ convenient incorporate
incomprehensible neg adj
incompetence nU incompetently neg adv incompletely neg adv incompleteness nU incomprehension nU incomprehensibly neg adv
inconsistent neg adj
inconsistency nC
incorporate vT
inconvenient neg adj inconvenience nCU incorporation nU
inconveniently neg adv
289
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
incorrect see also @ correct increase see also @ decrease incredible see also @ credible
incorrect neg adj
incorrectly neg adv
increase vIT increase nCU
increased adj increasingly adv
increasing adj
on the increase
incredible neg adj
incredulous adj incredulity nU
incumbent
incredibly neg adv unbelievably; extremely
incumbent nC
incumbent adj
incur
incur vT
indebted see also @ debt indecent see also @ decent
indeed
indeed adv
indebted adj indebtedness nU indecent neg adj indecently neg adv indecency nU
independent see also @ depend/ dependent
independent adj unbiased
independent adj politically independent independent nC
independently adv independence nU personal independence
index/indexes/ indices indicate
independent adj not dependent independence nU political independence index nC
index vT
indicate vT
indication nCU
index finger nC see also @ finger indicator nC
indicative adj
indict
indictment nC
indict vT
indifferent
indifferently adv
indigenous
indigenous adj
indifferent adj indifference nU
indigestion see also @ digest/ digestion indignation
indigestion nU
indignation nU
indignant adj indignantly adv
290
headword 1
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
indirect not straight; see also @ 1 direct 2 indirect not obvious; see also @ 2 direct indispensable
indirect neg adj indirectly neg adv
indirect neg adj
indirectly neg adv
indispensable adj
indistinguishable see also @ distinguish/ distinguishable individual
indistinguishable neg adj
individual adj
individually adv
indoor see also @ door induce
indoors adv
indoor adj
individualism nU individualist nC individualistic adj individuality nU
induce vT
inducement nC
indulge
indulge vIT
industry
industry nU production industrial adj
industry nC specific type of industry
industry nU hard work industrialize vIT
industrialized adj
ineffective see also @ effect/effective
ineffective neg adj
indulgence nU indulgent adj industrially adv industrialization nU industrialist nC industrious adj industrial estate nC 1 see also @ estate industrial relations n pl see also @ relations cottage industry nC see also @ cottage ineffectively neg adv ineffectiveness nU
291
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
inefficient see also @ efficient inequality see also @ equal/equality inert
inefficient neg adj
inequality nU
inefficiently neg adv inefficiency nU
inertia nU
inert adj
inevitable
inexpensive see also @ expense/ expensive inexperienced see also @ experience/ experienced infamous see also @ fame/famous infant
inevitable adj inevitably adv
inexpensive neg adj
inexperienced neg adj
inexperience nU
infamous adj
infamy nU
infant nC
infancy nU
infant adj
infantry
infantry nU
infect
infect vT infection nC
infectious adj spreading disease
infer
disinfect vT disinfectant adj disinfectant nCU
inferior see also @ superior infinite see also @ finite infinitive
infected adj infectious adj spreading emotion infer vT inference nC inferior adj
infinite adj
infinity nU infinitely adv infinitive nC
inflammation
inflammation nU
inflate
inflation nU
inflate vT
inflame vT inflamed adj inflammatory adj inflated adj inflatable adj
inferiority nU
292
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
economics
X
inflationary adj
inflict
inflict vT
infliction nCU
influence
influence nCU
influence vT
influential adj
influenza
flu nU
influenza nU
inform/information
information nU
information desk nC see also @ desk information office nC see also @ 1 office
informative adj informant nC
informed adj uninformed neg adj informer nC misinformation nU misinform vIT misinformed adj
informal see also @ formal infrared see also @ red infrastructure see 2 also @ structure ingenious
inform vIT information technology nU see also @ technology information centre/ center nC see also 2 @ centre/center tourist information 2 centre/center nC see also @ tour/tourist, centre/ 2 center
informal neg adj
informally neg adv
informality nU
infrared adj
infrastructure nU
ingeniously adv
ingredient
ingredient nC
ingenious adj ingenuity nU
inhabit
inhabitant nC
inhabit vT
inhale
inhale vIT
inhalation nU
inherent
inherent adj
inherently adv
inherit see also @ heir, hereditary
inherit vIT
inheritance nC
inherited adj disinherit vT
293
headword
A1
inhibit
A2
B1
B2
1
initial adj
initially adv
initiate vT initiative nCU
initial letter of alphabet inject
2
initial nC
injure
injustice see also @ 3 just /justice ink
C1
C2
X
inhibit vT inhibition nCU
inhibited adj uninhibited neg adj on one’s own initiative take the initiative initial vT
injury nC
injure vT
inject vT injection nC injured adj
injurious adj
injustice nCU
ink nCU
in ink
ink vT
inland see also @ 1 land inmate see also @ 2 mate inn
inland adj
inky adj ink cartridge nC see also @ cartridge ink jet nC inland adv
inmate nC
inn nC
innate
innkeeper nC see also 2 @ keep /keeper innate adj
inner adj interior
inner adj personal, secret
inner city nC see also @ city
innermost adj
1
innocent adj
innocence nU
innings nU Brit inning nC Am
innocent child-‐like
2
innovation see also 2 @ novel
innovation nCU
innovative adj
innocent adj innocence nU
innocently adv innocent nC innovate vI innovator nC
initial at the start
inner see also @ in
2
inning/innings innocent not guilty
initiation nU
innately adv
innocently adv
294
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
innumerable see also @ number, numeral input
innumerable adj
innumerate adj
input nCU
input vT
inquire see also @ enquire
inquiry/enquiry nC investigation
inquire/enquire vIT
inquire/enquire after/ about/into phr v
insane see also @ sane inscribe
inquiry/enquiry nC question inquiries/ enquiries npl inquisitive adj
insanely neg adv
insane neg adj insanity nU inscription nC
insect
insect nC
insecurity see also @ secure/security insensitive see also @ sensitive inseparable see also @ separate insert
insecurity nCU
insensitive neg adj
inseparable neg adj
insecticide nCU see also @ suicide insecure neg adj insecurely neg adv insensitivity nU insensitively neg adv inseparably neg adv
insert vT
insertion nCU
insert nC
inside
inside prep
inside adj inside adv
inside nC
inside out adv wrong way round
insider nC
insight
insight nCU
inside adv informal in prison inside out adv thoroughly insightful adj
insignificant see also @ significant
insignificant neg adj
insist
insist vIT
insistence nU
insistent adj
inspect
inspection nCU inspector nC
inspect vT scrutinize inspect vT check
inscribe vT
insignificantly neg adv insignificance nU inspector nC Brit police rank
295
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
inspire
inspire vT
inspiration nCU
officially
instability see also 1 @ stable /stability install
instability neg nU
inspectorate nU inspirational adj inspired adj inspiring adj uninspired neg adj uninspiring neg adj
install vT put in place
install vT inaugurate
instalment
install vT load software installation nCU
instalment nC
instance
instant
instead adv instead of
instant adj drink, etc instant nC instantly adv
instead
instance nC for instance instant adj immediate
in the first instance instance vT instantaneous adj instantaneously adv
instinct nCU
institution nC
institute nC
institutional adj
instinctive adj instinctively adv
institute vT
1
instruction nU
instructive adj
instructional adj
2
instruction nC
instruct vT instructor nC
instruct vT
1
instrument nC
instrumental adj
instrumentalist nC
2
instrument nC
instrumentation nU
instrument nC instrumental adj
instinct 1
institute organization 2 institute begin instruct teach instruct command instrument music instrument measuring device 3 instrument method, means
296
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
insufficient see also @ sufficient
insufficient neg adj
insulate
insulate vT
insulation nU
insult
insult vT
insurance
insurance nU
insult nC insulting adj
insure vT
insurer nC
intact
intact adj
insured adj uninsured neg adj
intake
intake nC
integrate
integration nU
integral adj
disintegrate vIT disintegration nU
integrity
integrate vT integrated adj integrity nU
intellect
intellectual adj
intellectual nC
intellect nU
intellectually adv
1
intelligence nU unintelligent neg adj
intelligent adj
intelligently adv
intelligence spying
2
intelligence nU
intelligible
intelligible adj
intend
intend vT intention nCU
intent nCU intentional adj
intent adj
intended adj intentionally adv
intelligentsia nU artificial intelligence nU see also @ artificial counter-‐intelligence nU intelligibility nU unintelligible neg adj unintended neg adj unintentional neg adj unintentionally neg adv to all intents and purposes be intended for well-‐intentioned adj
intelligence intellect
insufficiently neg adv insufficiency nU insulating adj insulated adj insultingly adv
297
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
intensify vT
intensely adv
intently adv
interactive adj communicative interactive adj computer, etc intercourse nU sexual intercourse 1 nU see also @ sex / sexual
uninterested neg adj interestingly adv
in the interests of
intense
intense adj
interact see also @ act
interaction nU
intensity nU intensive adj interact vI
intercourse
interest nU attention interested adj interesting adj
interest nC pastime, etc
interest vT self-‐interest nU see also @ self/self-‐
interest nU
interface nC
interface vT
interfere
interfere vI
interference radio, TV, etc interim
interference nU tampering
interim adj
interference nU radio, TV, etc
interior see also @ exterior interjection
interior adj interior nC interjection nC
interior n sing of country, etc
intermediate
intermediate adj
intermediary nC
intermittent
intermittent adj
intermittently adv
internal
internal adj inside
internally adv
international see also @ nation/
international adj
internal adj not foreign international nC Brit
internationally adv
1
interest attention, involvement, etc
2
interest money paid/earned interface
interim nU in the interim interject vIT formal
298
headword
national internet see also @ 2 net interpersonal see also @ person/ personal 1 interpret from another language 2 interpret explain
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
internet n sing
interpersonal adj
interpret vIT
interpretation nCU
interpret vT
interpreter nC interpretation nU misinterpret vT
interrogate
interrupt
interrupt vIT stop doing sth temporarily
interstate see also 4 @ state interval
interrupt vIT when sb is speaking interruption nCU
interrogate vT interrogation nCU
interstate adj Am
interval nC gap in time, space
at intervals
intervene
interval nC break during a performance intervention nCU
intervene vI
intervening adj
interview
interviewer nC
interviewee nC
intimate
interview nC for job, interview nC on etc radio, TV etc interview vT
intimate adj
intimacy nU
intimately adv
intimidate
intimidate vT
into
into prep towards the inside
into prep towards
intolerable see also @ tolerant/ tolerable
into prep change into sth into prep collision
intimidating adj intimidation nU
intolerable neg adj
intolerant neg adj intolerance nU intolerably neg adv
misinterpretation nCU interrogator nC uninterrupted neg adj
299
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
intonation
intonation nCU
intoxicate see also @ toxic/toxin
intoxicate vT
intricate
intricate adj
intrigue
intrinsic
intrigue vIT intriguing adj intrinsic adj
intoxication nU intoxicated adj intoxicating adj intricacy nCU intricately adv intrigue nCU
1
introduce vT
introduction nCU
introduction nC of book
introduce put sth into use intrude
2
introduce vT introduction nCU
intuition
invade
invasion nCU
1
introduce sb to sb/sth
invalid see also @ valid 2 invalid sb handicapped invaluable see also @ value/valuable invariably see also @ vary/variably invent
intrinsically adv
introduction nC book for beginners introductory adj
intrusive adj
invade vIT
intrude vI intruder nC intrusion nCU intuition nCU intuitive adj
invalid neg adj
invalid nC
invalid adj
invader nC invading adj invasive adj invalidate vT invalidation nU invalid out phr v
invaluable adj
invariably neg adv
invariable neg adj
invent vT create, design, etc
invent vT falisify
invention nC sth invented
inventor nC reinvent vT invention nCU act;
inventive adj inventively adv inventiveness nU
intuitively adv
300
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
quality
reinvention nCU
inverted commas n pl see also @ comma
inverted adj inversion nCU investing adj
investigator nC
investigative adj
invisible neg adj
invite vT ask sb to visit
invitation nCU
invite vT questions, etc
invoice nC
invisibility nU invisibly neg adv invited adj inviting adj uninvited neg adj uninviting neg adj invoice vT
invoke
invoke vT
invocation nC
involve
involve vT
uninvolved neg adj
involuntary see also @ volunteer/ voluntary invulnerable see also @ vulnerable inward see also @ outward
involved adj/ involved in involvement nCU
involuntary neg adj
involuntarily neg adv
1
2
iron nU iron adj
inward adj inwards adv Brit/ inward adv Am
invulnerable neg adj invulnerability nU inwardly adv
ironing nU action
ironing nU things to be ironed
iron out phr v ironing board nC see 2 also @ board
inventory
inventory nC
invert
invert vT
invest
investment nCU
investigate
investigation nCU
investigate vIT
invest vIT investor nC
invisible see also @ visible invite
invoice
iron metal iron make cloth/ clothes smooth
iron vIT iron nC
301
headword
irony
A1
A2
B1
B2
irrational see also @ rational irregular see also @ 1, 4 regular
irrelevant see also @ relevant irresistible see also @ resist/resistible irrespective see also @ respective irresponsible see also @ responsible
C1
C2
X
ironic adj
irony nU ironically adv
irrational neg adj
irrationally neg adv
irrelevant neg adj
irregular neg adj unusual, illegal irregular neg adj grammar irregularity nCU
irregular neg adj misshapen irregular neg adj in time, space irregularly neg adv irrelevance nCU
irresistible neg adj
irrespective neg adj
irresponsible neg adj
irrigate
irritate
irritate vT
Islam
island
island nC
Islam nU Islamic adj isle nC
irrigate vT irrigation nU irritated adj irritating adj irritation nU
irresponsibly neg adv irresponsibility nU
islander nC
isolate
isolated adj
issue nC
isolate vT isolation nU
irritant nC irritable adj irritability nU Islamist adj Islamist nC island nC in road, etc
issue vT
issue nC edition
issuing adj
1
issue subject, problem 2 issue distribute, publish
302
headword
IT see also @ information and technology it itch item ivory
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
it pron/det itself pron reflexive
itself pron emphasis
IT nU abbrev = information technology it pron introductory
itchy adj
item nC thing, sth on list
itemize vT
itch vI itch nC item nC on agenda, news, etc ivory nU
by itself in itself
jack up phr v raise with a jack dinner jacket nC see also @ dinner
Jj
jack
jack nC lifting tool
jacket
jacket nC short coat
jade
life jacket nC see also @ life
jade nU
jail/gaol
jail vT
1
jam nCU fruit food
jail nC see also @ gaol
2
jam overfill
3
jam vT
jam nC traffic jam nC see also @ traffic
jam jar nC see also @ jar jam vT
jailer nC jailbird nC informal jammy adj informal
jar container
jar nC
jargon
jam jar nC see also 1 @ jam
jam-‐packed adj informal jarful adj
jargon nU
jaw
jaw nC body part
jaw nC fig. jaw vI informal talk jawbone nC see also
jam fruit food jam no movement
303
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
jazz
jazz nU
jealous
jealous adj
jealousy nU
@ bone jazz up phr v informal enliven jealously adv
jeans
jeans npl
jeep
jeep nC
jeopardy
jeopardize vT
jelly nCU Brit dessert jelly nCU Am/ adj Am jeopardy nU
jellyfish nC see also @ fish
jerk
jerk vIT
jersey
jersey nC Brit
jerk nC tug jerky adj
jet
jet nC aircraft
jumbo jet nC
Jew/Judaism
jewel
Jew nC Jewish adj
jewellery nU Brit/ jewelry nU Am
jewel nC gem
1
job nC
job task
2
job nC
jockey
disc jockey nC see also @ disc/disk
jockey nC
jog
jog vI
jog nC
jelly
job paid employment
jet vI jetliner nC Judaism nU jewel nC sth valued jeweller nC Brit/ jeweler nC Am jobless neg adj be out of a job job-‐seeker nC see also @ seek make a good job of sth a good job! jockey VIT DJ nC abbrev = disc/disk jockey deejay nC abbrev jogger nC
304
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
join vT connect
joint nC body joint nC meat
join nC
joint nC connection
jogging nU
2
join vIT become member
join vIT/join in phr v joint/joint-‐ adj
join vIT meet together joke nC
jointly adv
joke vI
jolly happy, cheerful 2 jolly intensifier
jolly adj
jolly adv Brit informal
jokingly adv joker nC practical joke nC you’re joking!/you must be joking! exclam jollity nU jolly nC informal
jolt
jolt vT
jolt nC
jot
1
journalism nU
jotter nC jotting nC journalistic adj
journal diary
2
journal nC journalist nC journal nC
jot vT jot down phr v
journey
journey nC
joy
joy nU
overjoyed adj
enjoy vT
enjoy oneself
enjoyable adj enjoyment nU
journey vI on a journey joy nC joyful adj joyfulness nU joyless neg adj joylessness nU joyous adj killjoy nC see also @ kill
join /joint things
join people joke
1
journal magazine
jointed adj adjoin vT adjoining adj disjointed adj
305
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
pride and joy n sing see also @ pride
Judaism nU see @ Jew 1 judge person who judges
judge nC in court
rejoice vI
rejoicing nU Judaism nU
judge nC in sport etc
judge nC sb who decides
judgement/ judgment nU good sense
misjudge vT judgemental/ judgmental adj
judicial adj
jug nC Brit amount held by a jug juggle vIT
judicially adv judiciary nU jugful nC
judge decide
judicial
judge vIT judgement/ judgment nC legal decision judge vIT decide judgement/ judgment nC decision
jug
juggle
jug nC Brit container see also @ pitcher
juice
juice nCU fruit juice nCU see also @ fruit
jumble
jumble nU
jumbo
jump
jump vIT leap
jump vI move suddenly
jump nC jump vI increase jump nC increase
jumbo adj jumbo jet nC see also @ jet
2
X
juggler nC juggling nU juicy adj juicer nC lemon/lime/orange/ etc juice nCU see 1 also @ lemon, lime , orange jumble vT jumble sale nC esp Brit see also @ sale
jumping nU jumping adj jump the queue Brit
306
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
jumper
jumper nC sb who jumps
junction
jungle
junior
junk
jurisdiction jury
C1
C2
X
see also @ queue
junction nC
jumper nC Brit sweater
jungle nCU
junior adj junior nC
junk nU
jurisdiction nU
junk vT junk food nCU see also @ food junkshop nC see 1 also @ shop
jury nC
juror nC
1
just adv very recently just adv very soon
2
unjust neg adj
3
just adj justice nU just adj justice nU
injustice nCU unjust neg adj
just exact/equally
4
just adv exact/equally
just adv only/ simply just adv emphasis/ very
justify
justification nCU
justifiable adj justified adj
just now at present just now very recently just as justly adv unjustly neg adv bring to justice justice nC unjustly neg adv only just just a second/ minute just about unjustifiable neg adj unjustified neg adj justifiably adv unjustifiably neg adv
just time
just fair just lawfully fair
justify vT
307
headword
A1
C1
C2
X
juvenile adj
juvenile nC
justify oneself
kangaroo nC
keenly adv
keenness nU
keep vIT retain keep vT remain doing sth
keep vI continually do sth
keen adj be keen on keep vI delay
keep vI stay fresh
keep at sth phr v persist keep back phr v restrain keep back phr v withhold information keep down phr v repress keep down phr v numbers, prices, etc keep from phr v prevent keep from phr v hide information etc keep going keep in phr v keep indoors keep off phr v not walk on keep off phr v not eat, drink, etc keep on doing sth phr v keep time or keep good/poor/bad time 1 see also @ time
Kk
kangaroo keen
B2
1
B1
juvenile
keep retain
A2
308
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
keep up phr v continue, maintain keep up phr v price keep up with sb/sth phr v upkeep nU well-‐kept adj innkeeper nC see also beekeeper nC @ inn beekeeping nU see housekeeper nC see also @ bee also @ house bookkeeping nU shopkeeper nC see also bookkeeper nC see 1 3 @ shop also @ book /books gatekeeper nC see also @ gate housekeeping nU peacekeeper nC/ peacekeeping nU see also @ peace storekeeper nC esp Am see also @ store zookeeper nC see also @ zoo
2
keep vT look after
keep vT goal, etc
keeper nC goalkeeper nC see also @ goal
keep promise, word, etc kerb/curb see also @ curb
3
keep vT
kerosene
kerb nC Brit/curb nC Am kerbstone nC Brit/ curbstone nC Am see also @ stone kerosene nU
kettle
kettle nC
key nC key nC answer, explanation, etc
keyhole nC see also @ hole
keyring nC see also 1 @ ring passkey nC see also 2 @ pass
keep manage, look after
1
key for lock
309
headword 2
key computer, typewriter, etc 3 key vital
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
keyboard nC
key vT/key in phr v
keypad nC
key adj
keyword nC
key music
4
kick
kick vIT
kick nC
key nC keyboard nC
1
kid nC informal
2
kid nC baby goat
kidnap vT kidnapper nC kidnapping nCU kid nU/adj goatskin
in key off key/out of key kicker nC kick in phr v kick off phr v kick-‐off nCU kick out phr v kick up phr v
kid deceive, pretend kidney
3
kid vIT
handle/treat sb with kid gloves see also @ glove kidding nU
kidney nC
kill
kill vIT
killed adj
killer nC
killing nCU
kilogram
kilogram nC see also @ gram
kill vIT finish kill off phr killjoy nC see also @ joy kill time see also @ 1 time overkill nU painkiller nC see also @ pain weedkiller nU see also @ weed
kid child
kid baby goat
310
headword
A1
kilometre /kilometer kilometre nC Brit/ see also @ metre/ kilometer nC Am meter kin
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
km abbrev
kin nU akin adj
kilometres/ kilometers per/an hour kinship nU kindred nU old-‐ fashioned family kindred adj of a kind unkindly neg adv unkindness nU
1
kind nC
kind of adv informal
kind gentle, generous, etc kindergarten
2
unkind neg adj
kind adj kindness nCU
mankind nU see 2 also @ man kindly adv
kindergarten nC
kind-‐hearted adj see 1 also @ heart
king see also @ queen
king nC
kingdom nC country with a king/queen
kiosk
kiosk nC
kingdom nC business controlled by sb
kiss
kiss vIT
kiss nC
kissing nU
kit
kit nC
kit out/up phr v
kitchen
kitchen nC
kite flying toy
kite nC
kitchen sink nC see 2 also @ sink
kitten
kitten nC
knee
knee nC
kneel vI
knickers Brit
knife
knife nC
knickers npl Brit; see also @ pants penknife nC
knife vT
knight
knight nC
carving knife nC see also @ carve/ carving
knit
knit vIT wool etc
knitting nU
kind type, sort
knight vT knighthood nC knitted adj knitting needle nC
311
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
knob
knob nC round handle
knock
knock vIT/knock on phr v make noise knock vIT hit
knock nC noise knock nC hit
1
knot nC
2
knot nC
knob nC lump doorknob nC see also @ door knocking adj knock about/ around phr v knock down phr v demolish knock down phr v hit with a vehicle knock off phr v finish work knock off phr v do sth quickly knock off phr v reduce price knock out phr v make unconscious knock out phr v eliminate knock-‐out nC knock over phr v hit with vehicle knock together/up phr v make sth quickly knock up phr v Brit waken knot vT knotted adj knotty adj knotted adj
3
knot nC
knot with string, etc knot knot in wood knot speed of ship, aircraft
312
headword
know
knuckle
A1
know vIT have knowledge know vIT be certain know vT/know about phr v be familiar know vT know a language knowledge nU of subject, language, etc
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
know vT recognize you know filler knowledge nU awareness known adj unknown neg adj let sb know see also 1 @ let well-‐known adj
well-‐known adv
knowledgeable adj
knuckle nC
X
know how to do sth get to know sb/sth know better (than) (not) to one’s knowledge knowledgeably adv unknown nCU knowing adj knowingly adv unknowingly adv knuckle down phr v knuckle under phr v
Ll
label
label nC card sign
label vT attach label
label nC description label nC brand
laboratory
lab nC
laboratory nC
label vT describe labelled adj Brit/ labeled adj Am labelling nU Brit/ labeling nU Am
labour/labor
labour nCU Brit/ labor nCU Am work, effort
labour nU Brit/labor nU Am workers
labourer nC Brit/ laborer nC Am
labour vI Brit/labor vI Am
laborious adj laboriously adv
lace nU decorative cloth
lace vT/lace up phr v
lack
lack nCU
lack vT
lacking adj
lace nC shoelace nC see also @ shoe
lad
lad nC informal
the lads npl Brit informal laddish adj Brit
1
lace decorative cloth 2 lace for shoes
be lacking in
313
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
ladette nC informal ladder nC damage to nylons, stockings, tights, pantyhose, etc rope ladder nC see also @ rope
ladder
ladder nC
lady
lady nC
Lady title Brit
lager
ladies/the ladies npl female lavatory
lager nCU Brit
landlady nC see also @ 1 land
lake
lake nC
lamb
lamb vI lambing nU
lame
lamb nC young sheep lamb nU meat lame adj limping
lament
lament vIT
lamp
land nU ground; not sea
land nC country; state
landlord nC see also @ lord landscape nC
lamp nC lamp-‐post nC see 3 also @ post
lame adj weak lame vT lameness nU lament nC lamentable adj lamentably adv lampshade nC see 1 also @ shade
inland adj mainland nU see also @ main
landlady nC see also @ lady landmark nC landowner nC see also @ own/owner farmland nU see also @ farm grassland nCU see also @ grass highland nC
1
land ground
landscape vT landscaping nU landslide nC see also @ slide inland adv by land overland adj
314
headword
2
A1
land arrive by aircraft or ship landing upstairs corridor lane
language see also @ linguistic lantern
A2
land vI arrive by aircraft
B1
B2
C1
land vI arrive by ship landing nCU landing nC
C2
X
homeland nC see also @ home lowland nC/adj upland adj uplands n pl woodland nU see also 1&2 @ wood
language nC specific language
lane nC narrow road lane nC area/path used by vehicles language nU system; native language nC ability see also @ native
lantern nC
1
laptop (computer) nC
lap nC
2
lap vT
lap dancing nU see also @ dance/ dancing lapdog nC see also @ dog lap up phr v
lap nC
lap vIT
large adj
at large
large-‐scale adj see 1 also @ scale
enlarge vIT
largely mostly
largely adv
enlarged adj enlargement nCU by and large
laser
laser nC
lap body area
lap drink with tongue 3 lap part of race or journey large big
315
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
last adj/adv final; after all others last pron/nU/adj only one remaining
last adj/adv most recent
at (long) last
lash nC eyelash nC see also @ eye lastly adv
2
last vI
everlasting adj
lasting adj
1
later adj after the specified time
latest adj
at the (very) latest
late dead, finished
late adj/adv near the end late adj/adv after the specified time later adj/adv in future
late adj
late-‐night adj see also @ night later on adv sooner or later see also @ soon/sooner see you later exclam
lately
lately adj
latent
latent adj
latin/Latin
latin adj
latitude
latitude nCU
Latin nU Latino nC latitudinal adj
latter
latterly adv
laugh
laugh vI laugh at sb/sth phr v
latter adj//the latter pron
laugh nC laughter nU
launch
launch vT start sth
launch vT ship, rocket, etc launch nC ship,
launch nC event
laugh off phr v laughable adj laughing adj launch into phr v launcher nC launching nC
lash
last final
last continue late time
2
the last person/thing the last but one Brit last-‐minute adj the last minute see also @ minute last name see also @ name longlasting adj
316
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
rocket, etc
laundry
laundry nC shop
lavatory
lavatory nC
lavender
lavish
1
2
law
law /in-‐law
laundry nU things to be washed
lavender nU
lavish adj
law nC legal rule the law nU law court nC see 1 also @ court
law nC of science, nature, etc lawyer nC
law court nC see 1 also @ court
lawsuit nC unlawful neg adj
lawful adj outlaw nC
brother-‐in-‐law nC daughter-‐in-‐law nC father-‐in-‐law nC mother-‐in-‐law nC sister-‐in-‐law nC son-‐in-‐law nC
X
launchpad nC Am/ launching pad nC 3 Brit see also @ pad launder vT launderette nC lavatorial adj public lavatory nC see also @ public lavish vT lavish on/upon phr v lavishly adv law nU academic subject by law lawmaker nC law-‐making adj lawfully adv unlawfully neg adv lawless adj lawlessly adv lawlessness nU letter of the law nC 2 see also @ letter outlaw adj outlaw vT law and order see 5 also @ order parent-‐in-‐law nC see also @ parent in-‐laws npl
317
headword
lawn
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
lawn nC
lay set down on ground, etc
lay vT
layer nC
lay not a priest; not a professional/ layman/laity 3 lay lay an egg
lay adj
lay vIT
layered adj layering nU layabout nC lay-‐by nC lay-‐off nC layout nC lay aside phr v lay by phr v lay down phr v order lay down one’s arms phr v surrender; 2 see also @ arm lay off phr v informal stop doing sth lay off phr v stop employing sb lay on phr v provide lay out phr v arrange lay over phr v spend the night somewhere lay up phr v be ill in bed layman nC see also 2 @ man /men laity nU new/freshly-‐laid adj
lazy
lazy adj
1
2
lazily adv laziness nU lazy bones nC informal
318
headword
A1
1
lead vIT be in charge, in command lead vT be in front; be winning leader nC
2
lead be in front
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
leading adj
mislead vT
misleading neg adj
cheer leader nC esp Am see also @ 1 cheer
lead n sing first place in race, etc lead nC main actor in play, film leadership nU be in the lead
1
leaf nC
lead nU leaded adj unleaded neg adj leafy adj
leaf paper etc
2
leaf nC
leaflet nC
leaf through phr v
league
league nC sport
leak
leak vIT liquid, etc
leak nC escaping liquid
leak nC revealed secret leak vT reveal secret
leafless neg adj fig leaf nC see also @ fig lettuce leaf nC see also @ lettuce overleaf adv turn over a new leaf league nC society, club in league (with) leakage nU leaky adj
1
lean vIT
lean not fat
2
lean adj not fat
leap
leap vI
leap nC
lead metal
leaf of tree, plant
lean incline
lean against/on phr v lean on phr v depend on lean towards phr v leaning adj leaning nC lean adj with shortages by leaps and bounds leap year nC see also @ year
319
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
learning nU
learned adj
learn vIT be informed learner nC
learn one’s lesson
lease nC
lease vT
leasing nU lessee nC leash nC
learn
learn vIT acquire knowledge, skills, etc
lease
learn vT memorise learn vIT change because of experience
leash
unleash vT
least
least adj/adv
at least
least/the least pron
leather
leather nCU
1
leave vIT depart
2
leave vT after one’s death, in one’s will leave (well) alone phr v
leave official holiday
3
leave vT not take sth leave sb/sth out phr leave vT remain; v deposit leave vT leave in a condition leave vT leave sth forgetfully
leave nU
lecture
lecturer nC
leave depart leave opp take
lecture nC lecture vIT
X
least of all not in the least to say the least last but not least leathery adj leaving nU take one’s leave leave behind phr v leave in phr v leave off phr v leave on phr v leave over phr v leftover adj on leave take leave absent without leave lectureship nC lecture room nC see 1 also @ room lecture hall nC see 1 also @ hall lecture theatre nC Brit/lecture theater nC Am see also @
320
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
ledge nC
theatre/ theater
1
left adj/adv
left nU
2
left-‐winger nC
1
leg nC body part
leg nC of table, chair, etc
left-‐hand adj left-‐handed adj the left nU left-‐wing adj
leg stage of journey
2
leg nC
leggings npl leggy adj informal legroom nU see also 2 @ room not have a leg to stand on pull sb’s leg
legacy
legal
legal adj lawful legal adj connected with the law
illegal neg adj
legacy nC inheritance legally adv
legend
legend nC old story
legendary adj
legislation
legislation nU
legislative adj
legislature nC
legitimate
legitimate adj legal
legitimacy nU
ledge left opp. right left political leg body part
illegally neg adv
legacy nC influence, memory, etc legalize vT legalization nU legality nCU legal aid nU see also @ aid legend nC famous person; reputation legislate vI legislator nC legitimate adj reasonable legitimate adj with married parents illegitimate neg adj illegitimately neg adv illegitimacy nU
321
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
leisure
leisure nU
lemon
lemon nC
lemonade nU
lend see also @ borrow
lend vIT loan sth, esp money
lender nC
length see also @ long
length nCU distance
length nC time
lengthy adj
lens
leopard
lens nC in spectacles, instruments, etc
legitimately adv at one’s leisure leisure centre nC Brit/ leisure center nC Am see also @ 2 center/centre lemon juice nU see also @ juice lend vT give support, etc lend itself to sth be suitable for lending nU lend a hand see also 1 @ hand lengthen vIT length nC piece of wavelength nC see also sth 2 @ wave at length go to great lengths lens nC eye part
leopard nC
less
less adj/adv
more or less mostly
lessen vIT
lesser comp adj
lesson
lesson nC learning experience
lest
lesson nC at school, etc
more or less approximately no less than learn one’s lesson teach sb a lesson
let us/let’s suggestion let go/let go of release
let sb know see also @ know
let sb down disappoint
let sb off phr v not punish let alone see also @ alone
1
let allow, permit
let vT
leisurely adv
lest conj
let off phr v firework, bomb, etc let sb off the hook see also @ hook
322
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
let Brit rent to sb
2
let sb/sth down lower let sb/sth in permit entry let sb/sth out release; reveal
lethal
lethal adj
let nC esp Brit letting nC esp Brit let out to sb to let
letter correspondence 2 letter of alphabet
letter nC
newsletter nC see also @ news
letter nC
letter box nC see 1 also @ box
lettuce
lettuce nC
1
level nC amount
level nCU standard
level adj at same height, rank, etc
2
level adj
level vT
letter of the law see also @ law to the letter lettering nU lettuce leaf nC see 1 also @ leaf level nC floor of building level nC rank, position, rank, etc high-‐level adj see also @ high sea-‐level n sing see also @ sea level off/out phr v level nC device level crossing nC Brit see also @ 1 cross /crossing; railroad crossing nC
1
level amount, etc
level flat
let out phr v cry, etc let through phr v permit to pass; not detect let up phr v cease let vT Brit
323
headword
lever
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
Am lever vIT
liable legally responsible 2 liable likely
liability nU
liable adj
lever nC leverage nU
liable adj
liaison
liaison nC
liaise vI
liberal
liberal adj tolerant
liberal adj politically liberal
liberal nC
liberalism nU
liberty
liberty nU
liberation nU liberate vT
library
library nC
librarian nC
liberally adv liberalize vT liberalization nU illiberal neg adj illiberally neg adv liberated adj liberating adj liberator nC at liberty
licence/license
license vT
licensed adj licensing nU unlicensed neg adj license plate nC esp Am see also @ plate
lick
licence nC Brit/ license nC Am driving licence nC Brit/ driver’s license nC Am see also @ drive/driver/driving
lick vIT with tongue
lick nC
lid
lid nC
lie vI go flat lie down phr v
lie vI be in a flat position
lie vI exist, be situated
lick vIT waves, flames, etc eyelid nC see also @ eye
1
1
lie be/go flat
lie vI responsibility, blame, etc lie about phr v lie behind phr v lie in phr v
324
headword 2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
lie untruth
lie vI
lie nC
liar nC
lieutenant
lieutenant nC
life see also @ live
life nCU period between birth and death live vI
life nCU way of living; aspect of life
life nU opp death
life nU energy life nU all living creatures
way of life
life jacket nC see also @ jacket lifestyle nCU see 1 also @ style lifetime nC see also @ time wildlife nU see also @ wild
lifespan nC see also @ span
lifeboat nC see also @ boat lifelong adj
lift vT raise
lift vIT lift and raise lift nC Brit ride, journey lift nC Brit see also @ elevator nC Am
lift nC act of lifting
sunlight nU see also
lighten vIT
moonlight nU see also
lift
1
light brightness,
light nU e.g. sunlight light adj
X
belie vT formal lying nU live a lie white lie nC see also @ white life nC person life nC biography life nC usu sing validity, duration, etc bring to life come to life for life take one’s own life afterlife nC lifeless neg adj lifelike adj lifesaver nC see also 1 @ save life-‐size adj see also @ size mid-‐life adj see also @ middle/mid-‐ real-‐life adj see also @ real lift vIT ban, objection, threat, cloud, etc shoplifting nU shoplifter nC shoplift vI see also 1 @ shop lighted adj
325
headword
lamp
A1
A2
light adj
B1
B2
@ sun
C1
daylight nU see also @ day
C2
@ moon twilight nU
X
starlight nU see also 1 @ star bring to light cast/throw light on/upon come to light in the light of light up phr v flashlight nC Am see 1 also @ flash, torch fluorescent light nC green light nC red light nC searchlight nU see also @ search alight adj
light nC lamp
light vT illuminate traffic lights n pl see also @ traffic
lighting nU
spotlight nC see also headlight nC 1 @ spot lighthouse nC see also 2 @ house
2
light vIT ignite
light nC match, etc
3
light adj not heavy
light adj light meal
light adj not serious lightly adv
lighter nC/cigarette lighter nC see also @ cigarette
light pale
4
light adj
lightness nU lighten vIT light-‐hearted adj 1 see also @ heart lightweight adj/nC lighten vIT
lightning
lightning nU
1
like prep similar like adj formal
like prep such as
like conj informal unlike prep/adj
liken to phr v likeness nCU
2
like vT enjoy like vT have affection for
would like/should like request, want, invitation
dislike nCU
alike adj/adv like nC likewise adv dislike vT
liking n sing
likeable/likable adj as you like how do you like …? what style have a liking for
light ignite
light not heavy
like similar
like take pleasure
326
headword 3
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
like pause filler
like
likely
unlikely neg adj
likelihood nCU
not likely!
lily
likely adj likely adv
lily nC
limb
limb nC body part
1
lime nC
lime rock
2
limit
limit vT
limitation nC speed-‐limit nC see also @ speed
limit nC limited adj restricted
lime nU limestone nU see also @ stone unlimited neg adj
limb nC of tree, etc tear limb from limb lime juice nU see also @ juice
limp vI limp nC limp adj
line nC mark on paper, road, etc
line nC Am of people; see also @ queue
line/railway line nC
underline vT draw line under sth
line nC military
line nC wrinkle
lime fruit
1
limp walk with difficulty 2 limp not rigid 1
line mark; length
line vT form of line of sth
stand in line Am see 1 guideline nC usu pl also @ queue, stand see also @ guide
linear adj headline nC see also 1 @ head underline vT stress
limiting adj limitless neg adj limp vI move slowly limply adv
branchline nC Brit see also @ branch line-‐up nC hairline nC see also baseline nC see also @ @ line1 3 base line nC border coastline nC see also @ line/line of work nC occupation coast line nC line of skyline nC see also @ argument sky line up phr v neckline nC see also @ neck out of line shoreline nC see also @ shore waistline nC see also
327
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
2
line nC phone line online adj/adv offline adj/adv
hold the line wait on phone
pipeline nC see also @ pipe
line cover inside
3
line vT
lined adj lining nCU liner nC
linen
linen nCU
liner
liner nC passenger ship airliner nC see also @ 2 air /airline
linger
linger vI
linguistic see also @ language
linguistic adj
link
link vT link nC
linguist nC linguistics nU bilingual adj linkage nCU
lion
lion nC
lioness nC
lip
lip nC
lipstick nCU
line cable, tube, rope, etc
X
@ waist in line with toe the line see also @ toe eye-‐liner nU see also @ eye hotline nC see also @ hot plumb line nC see also @ plumb fur-‐lined adj see also @ fur bin-‐liner nC see also @ bin cruiseliner nC see also @ cruise jetliner nC see also @ jet lingering adj
link up phr v linked adj cufflinks n pl see also @ cuff sealion nC see also @ sea the lion’s share see 1 also @ share lip nC edge
328
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
liquid
liquid nC
liquid adj
liquor
liquor nC
1
list nC
list vT
list lean of ship
2
listen
listen vI/listen to sb/sth
listen! exclam
listener nC
list vI list nC
literacy
literacy nU
literate adj
literal
literally adv
literal adj
literature/literary
literature nU works literary adj of literature; study of literature
list set of items
X
liquidize vT liquidizer nC Brit listed adj listing nC blacklist vT blacklist nC see also 2 @ black checklist nC see also 1 @ check shopping list nC see 1 also @ shop / shopping listening nU listening adj listen nC informal listen in phr v listen out phr v esp Brit listen up phr v illiteracy nU illiterate neg adj computer-‐literate adj computer literacy nU see also @ computer literature nU documents about a topic
329
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
litigation
litigation nU
litre/liter
litter
litre nC Brit/liter nC Am
literary critic nC literary criticism nU 2 see also @ critic litigate vIT litigator nC litigious adj
litter nU
litter vIT
little
little adj small little adj young little adj short little/a little adv/pron live vI exist; have life living adj living room nC see 1 also @ room alive adj
belittle vT little by little
live vI survive lively adj energetic live adj alive, living live adj not recorded living nU employment
lively adj colourful
livelihood nU
liver
live vI/live in/at phr v
live/live on remain live for sth/sb phr v live on/off phr v live through phr v live up to phr v long-‐lived adj see 1 also @ long cost of living nC usu sing see also @ cost short-‐lived adj see 1 also @ short standard of living nC 1 see also @ standard live with phr v
liver nC body part
liver nU food
livestock
livestock nU
lizard
lizard nC
1
live have life; see also @ life
2
live dwell; inhabit
330
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
load nC goods carried load vIT
unload vIT
loading bay nC see also @ bay workload nC see also 1 @ work
load fill weapon, computer, camera, etc loaf
2
download nC upload nC
downloadable adj
loaf nC
load adj download vIT upload vIT
load nC workload load/loads nC informal a lot/lots loaded adj overload vT overloaded adj loaded adj
loan
loan nC
loan vT
on loan
1
lobby nC
lobby pressure group lobster
2
lobby nC
lobby vIT
lobster nCU
lobbying nU lobbyist nC
local
local adj
local government nU local nC sb living see also @ govern/ locally government locally adv
locality nC
locate
location nC
locate vT
located adj
relocation nU
lock
lock nC lock vIT
be located in/ near/on, etc relocate vIT locker nC
load goods carried
lobby entrance hall
unlock vT
local adj/nC anaesthetic local nC Brit local pub dislocate vT dislocation nU lockable adj locked adj lock in phr v lock up phr v unlocked neg adj deadlock nU deadlocked adj see 2 also @ dead gridlock nU see also @ grid
331
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
locomotive
locomotive nC
lodge claim officially 2 lodge accommodation
1
lodge vT
lodge vI stay with sb
lodger nC Brit
loft
lodge nC lodging nU/lodgings n pl loft nC
1
log nC
log record, journal
2
log vT
logic
logically adv
logo
logic nU logical adj
logo nC
logger nC logging nU log vT log nC log in/on phr v log off/out phr v illogical neg adj illogically neg adv
lone
alone adj
alone adv
lone adj
loneliness nU lonesome adj Am
long adj/adv time long adj distance
long adj wordy long-‐term adj see 1 also @ term
lonely adj feeling alone lonely adj isolated long-‐time adj Am
long-‐distance adj see also @ distance long-‐standing adj see 3 also @ stand
no longer before long long after long before long-‐lived adj see 1 also @ live long-‐range adj see 2 also @ range long-‐sighted adj see 1 also @ sight longstanding adj long-‐suffering adj see also @ suffer long-‐term nU/adj
log wood
1
long lengthy
332
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
see also @ term longish adj elongate vIT elongated adj longevity nU so long as conj
1
long yearn
2
long vI/long for phr v
longing nU
longitude
loo
longitude nCU longitudinal adj loo nC Brit informal
look vI try to see sb/sth look for phr v look nC glance have/take a look
look after phr v look out phr v warning, be careful
look forward to phr v look sth up phr v check look nC expression
look into sth phr v investigate overlook vT look over
look back (over) phr v review
loom vI
look ahead phr v look down on phr v look in (on sb) phr v make brief visit look on phr v spectate look over phr v inspect look round/around phr v look through phr v skim look to phr v look up to phr v admire look out nC look on/upon sth as phr v regard looks n pl lookalike nC see also @ alike looming adj
1
look sight; see also @ outlook
outlook n sing future outlook nU attitude outlook n sing view
2
look appearance
look vI seem look at phr v consider/ examine
loom
look vI/look like phr v have the appearance of sb/sth nice-‐/good-‐looking adj
333
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
loop
loop nC
loose
loose adj not attached
loose adj not fastened together loosen vIT
loose adj not literal, not precise
loosely adv loose vT
lord
lord nC aristocrat landlord nC see also 1 @ land
lorry
1
lose vT opp find lose vT patience, confidence, temper, etc lose vT job, etc loss nCU sth lost
lose vT weight, hair, blood, etc
lorry nC Brit see also @ truck lost adj at unknown place lost adj cannot be found
loss nC opp profit
lose vT time loss nC loss of life
2
lose vIT loss nCU defeat
loser nC
lot piece of land
lot/a lot/lots of adv/pron
lottery
lottery nC
lose have sth removed
lose be defeated
1
lot many 2
X
loop vIT loophole nC see also @ hole loop the loop loose change nU see 2 also @ change loose thread nC see also @ thread lord nC powerful man warlord nC see also @ war lord nU title lose one’s place see 2 also @ place lose one’s way lose oneself in sth lose the thread see also @ thread at a loss losing adj losing nU lost property office nC see also @ 1 office , property the lot n sing all parking lot nC esp 2 Am see also @ park lot nC item in auction cast/draw lots
334
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
lotus
lotus nC
loud
aloud adv
loud adj noisy
loud adv informal noisily
loudly adv
loudspeaker nC see also @ speak/ speaker
loudness nU out loud adv
lounge
love nU of sb love vT like sb/sth very much
love nC interest, hobby, etc in love lovely adj Brit enjoyable lovely adj beautiful
lounge nC room in house loving adj beloved adj
love
lounge nC at airport, etc lover nC sexual partner lover nC fan
1
low adj not high
lower adj
lowland adj see also @ 1 land
low amount
2
low adj amount, number, price, temperature, etc
low adj sound, heat, light, etc lower adj
low adv lower vT move sth lower lower vT reduce
lounge vI/lounge about/around phr v love nC sb loved love at first sight would love to do sth make love loved adj love from ending letter fall in love see also 1 @ fall low-‐level adj see 1 also @ level
low nC low-‐profile adj
loyal
loyalty nCU
loyal adj
low height
lovable adj lovingly adv
lowered adj low-‐cost adj see also @ cost low-‐fat adj see also 2 @ fat low-‐income adj see also @ income low-‐level adj see 1 also @ level low-‐quality adj see also @ quality lowly adv loyally adv loyalist nC disloyal neg adj disloyalty nU
335
headword
A1
A2
luck
lucky adj
lucrative
luggage
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
loyalty card nC see 1 also @ card in luck out of luck unluckily neg adv
luckily adv unlucky neg adj
luck nU chance, fortune luck nU success
lucrative adj
luggage nU
luminous
luminous adj
lump
lump nC large piece
lump nC swelling, growth
lunar
lunar adj
lump vT/lump together phr v lumpy adj
lunch
lunch nC
luncheon nC
lunch vI
lung nC
luggage rack nC see also @ rack left luggage office nC Brit see also @ office luminosity nU
lung
lunch break nC see 3 also @ break lunchtime nU see also @ time
lure
lure vT
lure nC
lurk
lurk vI
lush
lush adj
lust
lust nU
luxury
luxury nU great comfort luxury adj
luxury nC sth unnecessary luxurious adj
lust vI lust after phr v lusty adj luxuriously adv luxuriate vI the height of luxury
lunch box nC see 1 also @ box
336
headword
A1
lyric
Mm
ma see also @ mother machine see also @ mechanic/ mechanical
A2
B2
C1
C2
X
lyric nC/lyrics n pl lyrical adj lyric adj
lyricist nC
grandma nC informal -‐ see also @ grand
machine nC device
machinery nU machine gun nC see washing machine nC also @ gun see also @ wash
ma nC informal old-‐ fashioned mama nC informal sewing machine nC see also @ sew/sewing
1
mad adj insane
mad adj silly, stupid
2
mad enthusiastic
3
mad adj informal Am angry
mad adj be mad about sb/sth
madam
1
magazine nC
madam address Dear Madam letter opening
like mad madly adv very much ma’am address
2
magazine weapons
magic
magic nU special power
magazine nC gun part magazine nC gun storeroom magical adj magician nC
mad insane
mad angry
magazine journal
B1
madman nC see also @ 3 man madness nU
machine nC organization machine vT machinist nC slot machine nC see also @ slot vending machine nC see also @ vendor madly adv go mad madden vT
magic nU sth wonderful
337
headword
A1
A2
B1
magistrate
magnet
magnificent
magnitude
maid
B2
magic nU entertainment magic adj with special power magistrate nC
C1
C2
magnetic adj attracting iron
magnet nC metal
magnificent adj
magnitude n usu sing maid nC barmaid nC see also 1 @ bar
mail
e-‐mail/email nU system e-‐mail/email nC message e-‐mail/email vT
mail nU letters, post mail nU postal system mail vT esp Am airmail nU see also 2 @ air
voice mail nU see also @ voice
main
main adj principal
mainly adv
mainland nU see 1 also @ land mainstream adj mains n pl Brit
maiden adj
X
magic adj wonderful magically adv black magic nU see 2 also @ black magnet nC attraction magnetic adj attractive magnetism nU magnetize vT magnificently adv magnificence nU maiden nC bridesmaid nC see also @ bride chambermaid nC see also @ chamber mailing nCU airmail vT mailbox nC see also 1 @ box mailman nC Am see 3 also @ man mail carrier nC Am see also @ carry/carrier main course nC see 5 also @ course mainframe nC see 2 also @ frame
338
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
maintain
maintain vT continue
maintenance nU repairs, etc
maintain vT look after
maize
maize nU
in the main maintain vT continue to believe, state, etc maintain vT support family, etc
majesty
majesty nU
majestic adj
majesty nC Brit
major adj
major nC
sergeant-‐major nC
major in a subject
majority nU
major nC esp Am major vI esp Am
make vT produce sth make vT cause, force
make vT make a meal make sb do sth
make vT make a film, TV programme, etc maker nC manufacturer make sure see also @ sure well-‐made adj/adv 1 see also @ well
make vT estimate time, total, price, etc make vT earn
making nU
be made of make sth into sth phr v convert make sth up phr v lie, invent, etc
make it vT informal reach, attend
make vT give job, title, etc make believe nU see also @ believe make certain/sure see also @ certain, sure make love see also @ love make a mistake see also @ mistake make do with make for phr v travel towards make for phr v produce, lead to make (out) of phr v
1
major serious, important, large, etc 2 major military rank 3
major subject at university majority see also @ minority 1 make produce
be in the majority
339
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
film maker nC see 1 also @ film
decision-‐maker nC see also @ decide/ decision
make brand
home-‐made adj see also @ home make nC
man-‐made adj see also 2 @ man
think about, conclude make off phr v escape make out phr v bill, cheque, etc make out phr v discern, understand, etc make up phr v restore a relationship make up for sth phr v compensate lawmaker nC see also @ law matchmaker nC see 3 also @ match planemaker nC see also @ plane shoemaker nC see also @ shoe troublemaker nC 1 see also @ trouble watchmaker nC see 2 also @ watch tailor-‐made adj see also @ tailor
make-‐up cosmetics
make-‐up nU
made-‐up adj
malaria
malaria nU
male see also @ female
male adj male nC
malarial adj anti-‐malarial neg adj
2
340
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
malice
malignant
mall
malnutrition see also @ nutrition mama see also @ ma, mother mammal
1
man adult male; see also @ woman
2
man person
C2
malice nU malicious adj malignant adj
mall nC esp Am shopping mall nC esp Am see also @ 1 shop /shopping
malnutrition nU
mammal nC
mama nC informal esp Am
man nC adult male
manhood nU manly adj
man nC any person
mankind nU
man-‐made adj see also @ make/made
manliness nU Man Friday nC best man n sing see also @ best man vT manned adj unmanned neg adj manhandle vT see also @ handle manhunt nC see also @ hunt manpower nU see 2 also @ power manslaughter nCU see also @ slaughter layman nC see also 2 @ lay airman nC see also 2 @ air bandsman nC see 1 also @ band
man nC employee, etc
man nU mankind
3
man /-‐man; see also chairman nC see 2 2 @ woman also @ chair compounds
X
spokesman nC see also @ speak, spoken
policeman nC see also @ police postman nC Brit see 1 also @ post
businessman nC see 1 also @ business fisherman nC see also @ fish
barman nC see also 1 @ bar congressman nC Am 1 see also @ congress
chairmanship nU see 2 also @ chair craftsman nC see also 1 @ craft
malignancy nCU
mammalian adj
341
headword
A1
A2
B1
workman nC see 1 also @ work
B2
sportsman nC see also @ sport tradesman nC see also @ trade
C1
salesman nC see also @ sale
C2
X
fireman nC see also @ 1 fire foreman nC gunman nC see also @ gun madman nC see also @ 1 mad milkman nC see also @ milk seaman nC see also @ sea serviceman nC see also 2 @ serve / service statesman nC see also 2 @ state
batsman nC Brit see 1 also @ bat binman nC Brit see also @ bin cameraman nC see also @ camera caveman nC see also @ cave clergyman nC see also @ clergy conman nC see also 2 @ con craftsmanship nU 1 see also @ craft crewman nC see also @ crew doorman nC see also @ door dustman nC Brit see also @ dust, garbage freshman nC see also @ fresh frogman nC see also @ frog garbage man nC Am see also @ garbage handyman nC see also @ handy herdsman nC see also @ herd horseman nC see also @ horse mailman nC Am see also @ mail
342
headword
1
manage succeed, cope 2 manage organize,
A1
manage vIT succeed
A2
manage vT organize, control
B1
B2
manage vI cope with sb/sth manage vT oversee
C1
C2
X
manageable adj
middleman nC see also @ middle militiaman nC see also @ militia nobleman nC see also @ noble oarsman nC see also @ oar rifleman nC see also @ rifle right-‐hand man nC usu sing see also @ 1 2 hand , right signalman nC see also @ signal showman nC see 2 also @ show snowman nC see also @ snow sportsmanship nU see also @ sport swordsman nC swordsmanship nU see also @ sword tribesmam nC see also @ tribe watchman nC see 1 also @ watch yachtsman nC see also @ yacht
managing adj
managerial adj managing director nC
manageress nC managed adj
343
headword
control
A1
A2
B1
B2
mandate
management nU manager nC
mandatory
manifest
manifesto
manipulate
C1
C2
X
mismanagement nU
mandate nC
see also @ direct/ director
mandatory adj
manifest vIT formal manifestation nCU formal
manifesto nC
manipulate vT
manipulation nCU
manner way, method 2 manner way of behaving manners polite behaviour manoeuvre/ maneuver
manner n usu sing
manipulative adj manipulator nC all manner of
manner n usu sing
mannerism nC
manners n pl
manor
manor nC
manoeuvre vIT Brit/ maneuver vIT Am manoeuvre nC Brit/ maneuver nC Am
ill-‐/well-‐mannered adj manoeuvring nU Brit/ maneuvering nU Am
mansion
mansion nC
manslaughter
manual instruction book 2 manual by hand
manual nC
manslaughter nCU 2 see also @ man , slaughter
manually adv
manufacture
manufacture vT produce
manual adj by hand, using physical labour manufacture nCU
manufacture vT lie, invent, etc
manufacturing adj manufactured adj
1
1
mandate vT
344
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
manuscript
manufacturer nC manufacturing nU
many
a good/great many
map
many adj/det many pron
map nC
map vT
maple
maple nCU
marathon
marathon nC
mapping nU map out phr v maple syrup nU see also @ syrup marathon adj
marble
marble nU
march style of walking
march vIT walk in a military way
marcher nC marching adj march nC music for marching
mare
march vIT walk in a determined way march vI protest, demonstrate march nC protest, demonstration
mare nC
margin
margin nC edge of page
margin nC profit; difference between two figures marijuana nU
marginally adv
marijuana
margin nC edge of sth marginal adj
marine relating to the sea 2 marine naval soldier marital
marine adj
submarine nC
marine nC
submarine adj submariner nC
marital adj
extra-‐marital adj
maritime
maritime adj
mark nC mark vT make a
marked adj
marking nC birthmark nC see
1
1
mark line, stain, etc
manuscript nC
345
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
quotation mark nC see 1 also @ quote / quotation exclamation mark nC see also @ exclaim/ exclamation
X
mark sign
2
mark
mark vT indicate
mark nC mark nC symbol, indication
question mark nC see also @ question trademark nC see also @ trade
3
marked adj
mark vT
also @ birth unmarked neg adj mark off phr v mark up phr v marker nC wide of the mark postmark nC see 1 also @ post trademark nC see also @ trade mark vT commemorate markedly adv
mark vIT Brit
mark nC Brit
marker nC
supermarket nC
marketplace nC see also @ place hypermarket nC
mark notice, see 4
mark judge school work; grade 1 market selling place market nC
2
market advertising, selling
market vT
marketing nU
marry
marry vT wed marriage nC ceremony
married adj
marry vT perform wedding ceremony marriage nCU state of being married
unmarried neg adj
marsh
marsh nCU
marshal military
marshal nC
pass mark nC esp 3 Brit see also @ pass market day nC see also @ day stock market nC see 2 also @ stock black market nC usu sing see also @ 2 black be on the market put sth on the market get married marriage certificate nC see also @ certificate marriage vows n pl see also @ vow marshy adj marshland nU
346
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
rank martial
martyr
marvel
Marxism
marvellous adj Brit/ marvelous adj Am
Marxist adj
marvel nC marvel vIT Marxist nC
masculine see also @ feminine
masculine adj
mash
mash vT
mash nU
mask
mask nC mask vT
1
mass adj
2
masses n pl many people
mass vI
mass weight
mass nC massive adj
massacre
massage
mast
massacre nCU massacre vT massage nCU massage vT mast nC
master
master nC expert master nC boss master nC teacher
master vT headmaster nC Brit 3 see also @ head
master nC degree title masterpiece nC mastery nU
master adj masterful adj masterly adj
mass large amount
martial adj martial art nC see also 2 @ art martyr nC
mass nU
martyrdom nU martyr v usu pass Marxism nU masculinity nU emasculate vT emasculation nU mashed adj mashed potato/ potatoes nC see also @ potato unmask vT masked adj masking adj gas mask nC see lso 1 @ gas massively adv amass vT
masseur nC masseuse nC
347
headword
mat
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
mat nC
match nC
match nC
matchbox nC see also @ box
3
match nCU match vIT
matching adj
4
1
2
classmate nC see 1 also @ class
match n usu sing match vT mate nC mate vI mate nC Brit informal
inmate nC teammate nC see also @ team
1
match for starting fire 2 match sport
match similar, suitable
match equal mate have sex with mate friend, companion, etc
A1
X
mastermind nC mastermind vT choirmaster nC see also @ choir postmaster nC see 1 also @ post stationmaster nC 1 see also @ station matting nU doormat nC see also @ door mouse mat nC see 2 also @ mouse placemat nC see 1 also @ place prayer mat nC see also @ pray/prayer boxing/cricket/ football, etc match nC matched adj match up phr v matchmaker nC matchmaking nU unmatched neg adj mismatch nC mating nU mating adj cellmate nC see also 3 @ cell flatmate nC Brit see 2 also @ flat
348
headword
1
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
housemate nC see 1 also @ house playmate nC see 1 also @ play roommate nC see 1 also @ room soul mate nC see also @ soul stablemate nC see 2 also @ stable workmate nC see 1 also @ work
material cloth, fabric 2 material physical
material nCU
material nC substance
material nCU information, documentation
material adj
maternal
mathematics
mathematics nU formal
mathematical adj
matinee
maths nU Brit/math nU Am
maternal adj maternity adj/nU mathematician nC
matinee nC
matrix/matrices
matrix nC
1
matter nC
2
what’s the matter? it does/doesn’t matter
matter vI
matter/the matter n sing problem
for that matter as a matter of fact a matter of opinion see also @ opinion no matter who/what/ when/where/why/
matter topic, subject
matter be important
materialism nU materialist nC materialist adj materialistic adj materialize vI immaterial neg adj mathematically adj
349
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
matter substance
matter nU
how/whether, etc
mattress
mattress nC
mature
mature adj
maturity nU
maximum
maturation nU immaturity nU
may
may as well
maybe
may modal v possibility may modal v ask/give permission maybe adv possible
maximum nC maximum adj
mature vI immature neg adj maximize vT
mayor
maybe adv informal approximately maybe adv suggestion maybe adv uncertain response – perhaps
mayor nC
maze
maze nC
mayoral adj mayoress nC
me see also @ I, my/ myself meadow
me pron
meadow nC
meal
meal nC eating event meaning nU significance
meal nC what is eaten I mean clarification
meal vI
mean vT have significane
meaningful adj significant
meaningfully adv meaningless neg adj
mean to vT want, intend
meant for sb/sth
well-‐meaning adj
3
1
mean be defined as
2
mean intend
mean vT have meaning meaning nCU definition
350
headword 3
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
mean miserly, ungenerous 4 mean nasty
mean adj
means n pl method
means n pl method
mean adj informal esp Am by all means
meantime
meanwhile
meanwhile adv/n sing
meantime n sing in/for the meantime
by means of by no means means n pl wealth, financial resources live within/beyond one’s means
countermeasure nC usu pl measure nC device for measuring tape measure nC 2 see also @ tape measurable adj beyond/above measure for good measure measure up (to) phr v immeasurable neg adj immeasurably neg adv meat nU substance meaty adj sausage meat nU see also @ sausage
1
measure action, method 2 measure find size, amount, etc
measure nC measure vIT
measure nCU size, amount
measurement nCU act of measuring
measurement nC dimension
meat
meat nCU flesh
351
headword
A1
A2
B1
mechanic see also @ machine medal
mechanism nC
medal nC
media
B2
C1
C2
X
mechanically adv
mechanic nC mechanical adj
medallist nC Brit/ medalist nC Am
media/the media npl
multimedia adj
medallion nC gold/silver/bronze medal nC
mediate
mediator nC
medicine
medical adj
medicine nC substance medicine nU subject, profession medical centre/ center nC see also 2 @ centre/center
medication nU
mediate vIT mediation nU
mediaeval adj Brit/ medieval adj Am
meditation nCU
meditate vI
medium nC
meet vIT meet by arrangement meeting nC
medium adj medium nC meet vIT meet socially
meet vIT join together
meet fulfil
meet vT
medium-‐term nU/ 1 adj see also @ term meet nC Am sporting event meet with phr v (I’m) pleased to meet you see also 2 @ please
melody
melody nC
mediaeval/medieval see also @ middle meditate 1
medium method of communication; see also @ media 2 medium middle, average 1 meet come together
2
medical nC medicinal adj medicinally adv medically adj medic nC informal paramedic nC
melodic adj melodious adj
352
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
melon
melon nC
melt
melt vIT
member
member nC of family, group, etc member nC of club, etc
membership nU
Member of Parliament nC esp Brit
melted adj melting adj melting nU
membrane nC
memoir see also @ memory memorandum
memoir/memoirs nC
memo nC informal
memory
memory nCU capacity to remember
memory nC specific event
memory nU computer
memorize vT
in memory of memorable adj memoir/memoirs nC
commemorate vT
mend
mend vT
mental
mental adj
mentally adv
from memory refresh one’s memory see also @ fresh, refresh commemoration nU commemorative adj mend one’s ways on the mend
mentality
mentality nU
mention
mention vT
mention nCU
menu
menu nC restaurant
menu nC computer
don’t mention it! not to mention unmentionable adj on the menu
merchant
merchant nC formal
merchant adj
merchandise nU formal
membrane
memorandum nC formal memorial nC
merchant bank nC Brit see also @ 1 bank merchant navy nC see also @ navy
353
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
merchant ship nC see also @ ship
mercury metal
mercury nU
mercy
mercy nCU
mere
merely adv
mere adj
at the mercy of sb/sth have mercy on merciful adj mercifully adv merciless neg adj mercilessly neg adv
merge
merit
merit nC
merge vIT merger nC
merit vT
merry
merry Christmas exclam
merry adj
mesh
mess
mess nCU untidiness mess vT/mess sth up phr v make untidy
message
message nC relayed information
message nC important idea
merrily adv merriment nU make merry merry-‐making nU mesh nU mesh vI enmesh vT mess about/around phr mess nC usu sing v spend time doing chaotic situation little make a mess of sth messy adj mess (sth) up phr v spoil, damage sth mess about/around phr v not behaving seriously mess with phr v become involved with sb/sth messenger nC messaging nU
354
headword
A1
metal
metaphor
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
metallic adj
metal nCU metal adj
metaphor nC
1
meter nC
thermometer nC
meter /metre distance
2
kilometer nC Am/ kilometre nC Brit
millimeter nC Am/ millimetre nC Brit
metric adj
method
method nC
meter nC Am/metre nC Brit centimeter nC Am/ centimetre nC Brit
metaphorical adj metaphorically adv meter vT barometer nC speedometer nC see also @ speed kilometres/ kilometers per/an hour
methodology nCU
meticulous
meticulous adj
metre/meter distance
kilometre nC Brit/ kilometer nC Am
millimetre nC Brit/ millimeter nC Am
metric adj
kilometres per/an hour
metro
metre nC Brit/meter nC Am centimetre nC Brit/ centimeter nC Am
metro nC
metropolitan
metropolitan adj
metropolis nC
microphone
mike nC informal
microscope
microphone nC see 2 also @ phone
microscope nC
microscopic adj
microwave
middle
middle/the middle n sing middle adj
meter gauge, instrument
microwave nC microwave oven nC see also @ oven middle age nU in the middle of sth middle-‐aged adj see also @ age middle class nC middle-‐class adj see
methodological adj methodical adj meticulously adv
microwave vT
middleman nC see 3 also @ man Middle Ages n pl see also @ mediaeval/ medieval
355
headword
mid-‐
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
also @ class
C2
midday nU see also @ day
midnight nU see also @ night
midst
amidst prep
midwife see also @ wife 1 might modal v
midst nU amid prep
might modal v
might power
mighty adj
almighty adj
migrate
migrate vI migration nCU
2
X
3
mid-‐air adj see also 2 @ air midfield adj/ midfielder nC see 2 also @ field burn the midnight oil mid-‐life adj see also @ life midpoint nC see 2 also @ point midsummer nU see also @ summer midterm nCU see 1&2 also @ term midway adj/adv see 1 also @ way midweek adj/adv see also @ week midwinter nU see also @ winter midyear nU/adj see also @ year in the midst of midwife nC midwifery nU might nU mightily adv migratory adj
356
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
migrant nC emigrate vI
mild
immigrant nC immigration nU
mile
mile nC
mild adj not strong mild adj weather
mild adj food: not spicy mileage nU
militant
military
military adj
the military nU
militia
milk
milk nC
mill
millennium nC milligram/ milligramme see also @ gram/ gramme millimetre/
C2
X
emigrant nC emigration nU
mildly adv
go the extra mile
milestone nC see also @ stone militant adj militant nC
militia nC
milk vT
milky adj
milkman nC see also @ 3 man
mill nC factory
mill nC small machine mill vT
millennium nC
militiaman nC see 3 also @ man milkshake nC see 2 also @ shake condensed milk nU see also @ condense evaporated milk nU see also @ vapour/ vapor, evaporate sawmill nC see also @ saw windmill nC see also 1 @ wind miller nC milling nU
milligram/ milligramme nC
millimetre nC Brit/
immigrate vI
militarily adv
357
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
millimeter see also @ metre/ meter million
million nC
millionth ordinal
millionaire nC
mince
mince vT
mind nCU thought, brain, etc
mind nCU opinion
make up one’s mind
remind vT remind sb of sb/sth
reminder nC
mind vIT
would/do you mind if …? mind vT Brit take care
minced adj mince nU Brit mindful adj mindless neg adj absent-‐minded adj see also @ absent bear/keep in mind call to mind remind; 3 see also @ call change one’s mind feeble-‐minded adj see also @ feeble simple-‐minded adj see also @ simple give sb a piece of one’s mind have in mind in one’s mind’s eye out of one’s mind presence of mind see also @ present/ presence to my mind broad-‐/narrow-‐ minded adj state of mind nC see 1 also of state never mind!
1
mind thought; see also @ remind
2
mind object, oppose 3 mind take care
millimeter nC Am
358
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
mine pron see also @ I, me, my/myself 2 mine underground working; see also @ mineral 3 mine bomb
mine pron
mind vI/mind out phr v be careful of
mine nC
mine vIT miner nC mining nU
mineral
mineral nC
minibus see also @ bus miniature
mineral water nU see also @ water
gold mine nC see also @ gold minefield nC see 1 also @ field mine vT minesweeper nC 1 see also @ sweep mineral adj
minibus nC see also @ bus
miniature adj
minimum see also @ maximum 1 minister minister nC government member 2 minister priest
minimum adj
minimize vT
ministry nC
prime minister nC see also @ prime
minimal adj minimum nC
miniature nC in miniature miniaturize vT minimally adv
ministerial adj
minister nC
minister vI
minor see also @ 1 major
minority nC small group of people
minor nC
mint
minor adj minority nU smaller part
peppermint nCU
minus
mint nU plant mint nC peppermint minus adj/prep
minus nC informal disadvantage minus sign nC see 1 also @ sign
1
mine nC
359
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
minute nC 60 seconds
minute nC informal short time
in a minute soon
2
minute adj
this minute immediately last minute adj/n sing the minute that … up to the minute just a minute! minutiae nC
minute record
3
minutes n usu pl
minute vT
miracle
miracle nC
miraculous adj
miraculously adv
mirror
mirror nC
mirror vT
mirrored adj
mischief
mischief nU
mischievous adj
misconduct see also 2 @ conduct misdeed see @ deed miserable
misconduct nU
misdeed nC
miserably adv
misfortune see also 2 @ fortune misgiving
miserable adj misery nCU
misfortune nU
misguided see also @ guide misinformation see also @ information
misgiving/misgivings nC usu pl misguided adj
misinterpret see 2 also @ interpret misleading see also 1 @ lead
misinterpret vT
mislead vT
misleading adj
minute 60 seconds
minute very small
misinformation nU misinformed adj misinform vT misinterpretation nCU
360
headword
misrepresent see also @ represent
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
1
miss vIT not hit
miss nC
missing adj lost, disappeared
miss grieve for sb/sth 3 Miss title – unmarried female missile
2
miss vT not do sth miss vT be late; not turn up miss vT not see, hear, notice, etc
miss vT
Miss nC
missile nC
mission
mission nC task
mist
missionary nC religious teacher mist nCU
mistake
mistake nC by mistake
mistake vT
mistress see also @ master
mistress nC sexual partner headmistress nC Brit
misunderstand see also @ 1&2 understand misuse see also @
misunderstand vT
mistress nC Brit female teacher mistress nC skilled woman; woman in charge misunderstanding nC misunderstood adj
mission nC delegation mist vI misty adj mistaken adj mistakenly adv unmistakable neg adj unmistakably neg adv make a mistake
miss not hit, etc
misrepresent vT misrepresentation nCU missed adj miss out phr v
misuse nCU
361
headword
A1
A2
use mix
mix vIT combine things
moan
mob mobile
B1
B2
C1
C2
mixed adj
mix n usu sing combination mix nCU sth already mixed mixture nC
moan vIT
mob nC
mobile nC Brit/ mobile phone nC 1 see also @ phone , telephone
mobile adj mobility nU mobilize vT
1
mock adj
mock ridicule
2
mock vIT
mode
mode nC
mock imitation
X
misuse vT mix vT mix socially mixer nC device mix up phr v confuse be mixed up in sth phr v be involved moan nC bemoan vT formal mobster nC mobilization nU immobile neg adj immobilize vT immobility nU immobilizer nC mockery nU make a mockery of sth/sb mocking adj
1
model nC small copy
2
model nC example
model sb who shows clothes 4 model brand
3
model nC
model vIT
model nC
model adj small model vIT make models model adj very good role model nC see also @ role modelling nU Brit/ modeling nU Am
modem
modem nC
moderate
moderate adj
moderate vIT moderately adv
moderate nC moderation nU
model small copy of sth model very good
362
headword
modern
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
modern adj
modernity nU modernization nU
modest fairly small, etc 2 modest discreet
modest adj
modestly adv
modernize vIT modernism nU modernist adj postmodern adj
modest adj
modesty nU
modify
modify vT modification nCU
module
moisture
module nC part of sth larger
modified adj genetically-‐modified adj modular adj
moisture nU
moist adj
moisten vT
mold nU Am/ mould nU Brit mole
mold nU Am/ mould nU Brit
molecule
molecule nC
molecular adj
moldy adj Am/ mouldy adj Brit mole nC spy within an organization
mom see also @ mother, mum/ mummy moment
mom nC informal Am
mommy/momma nC informal Am
moment nC short time
moment nC occasion at the moment just a moment!
momentarily adv momentary adj
momentum
momentum nU
monarch
monastery
monarch nC monarchy nCU monastery nC
for the moment in a moment the moment that … on the spur of the moment gain/gather momentum monarchist adj/nC
monastic adj
1
mole nC small animal
363
headword
money
A1
A2
B1
money nU
monitor check
1
monetary adj pocket money nU see also @ pocket monitor vT
monitor computer screen monk
2
monkey
B2
C1
C2
X
monitoring nU
monitor nC person who checks
monitor nC
moneybox nC see 1 also @ box money-‐making adj monitor nC testing device
monk nC
monkey nC
monopoly
monopoly nC
monkey around phr v make a monkey of sb monopolize vT
monster
monster nC
monstrous adj
monster adj
month
month nC
monthly adj
monument
monument nC
monumental adj
mood
mood nCU
moody adj
moon
moor
moon nC the Moon n sing
moonlight nU see also 1 @ light moor nC Brit
moonlit adj full/new moon nU
moral
moral adj virtuous moral adj ethical immoral neg adj
moral n usu pl principle
morality nU morally adv
morale
morale nU
moral nC lesson moralistic adj immorally neg adv immorality nU demoralize vT Brit
more
more forming comparative adj/adv more adj/det/pron
more or less mostly
the more … the more/less
more or less approximately
more and more all the more any more more or less approximately
364
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
moreover
moreover adv formal
what’s more
morning
morning nCU
morning adj in the morning
mortal
good morning greeting see also @ 4 good
mortar
mortal adj mortality nU state of being mortal mortality nCU rate/ number of deaths mortar nU cement
mortal nC immortal neg adj immortal nC immortality nU immortalize vT
mortgage
mortgage nC
mortgage vT
mortgagee nC
Moslem/Muslim see also @ Islam mosque
Moslem/Muslim adj
Moslem/Muslim nC
mosque nC
mosquito
mosquito nC
moss
moss nCU
mossy adj
most
most forming superlative adj/adv most adj/det/pron
mostly adv
motel
motel nC
at most/at the most for the most part make the most of sth easternmost adj northernmost adj southernmost adj westernmost adj
moth
moth nC
mother see also @ ma/mama, mom/ mommy, mum/
mother nC mother adj
grandmother nC see also @ grand-‐
motherhood nU mother-‐in-‐law nC see 2 also @ law /in-‐law
mothball nC see also 1 @ ball mother vT motherly adj mother tongue nC
365
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
mummy
X
motif
motif nC
see also @ tongue foster mother nC see also @ foster godmother nC see also @ god single mother nC 2 see also @ single stepmother nC see 3 also @ step
motion
motion nU
motionless neg adj
motion vT
motive
motive nC motivate vT motivation nU
motor
motor nC motorway nC Brit 3 see also @ way
motor adj motor scooter nC see also @ scooter
motorist nC
motor vI motor-‐racing nU see 1 also @ race /racing
motto
motorbike nC see also @ bicycle/bike motor car nC see also @ car motorcycle see also 2 @ cycle
motivated adj motivational adj motivator nC demotivate vT demotivated neg adj motorize vT motorcyclist nC see 2 also @ cycle /cyclist
motto nC
mould/mold bacteria mound
mould nU Brit/mold nU Am mound nC
mouldy adj Brit/ moldy adj Am
mount climb
1
mount vT
2
mount vI
dismount vI mounted adj mounting adj
3
mount vT
mount increase mount organize,
366
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
launch mountain/mount
mountain nC
mount nC mountainous adj
mourn
1
mouse nC
mourn vIT mournful adj mourning nU
mouse computer device moustache/ mustache mouth
2
mouse nC
mouth nC body part
move
move vIT shift move nC movement movement nCU shifting
mouth nC of river, cave, etc move nC change of living/work place
moustache nC Brit/ mustache nC Am mouthful nC
move vI go to live elsewhere move house Brit see 1 also @ house move nC action movement nC group of people with same aim
moving adj
mouse animal
X
mountaineer nC mountainside nC mountaintop nC mourner nC
mousy adj mousetrap nC see also @ trap mouse mat/pad nC see also @ mat, pad moustached adj Brit/ mustached adj Am mouthpiece nC move vIT progress movable/moveable adj immovable/ immoveable neg adj mover nC move out phr v get a move on move about/around phr v move away phr v move in on phr v move on phr v move over phr v move up phr v on the move slow-‐moving adj see also @ slow
367
headword
A1
A2
movie
MP see also @ member, parliament Mr
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
movie nC movies nU movie theater nC Am see also @ theatre/ theater movie star see also 2 @ star
MP nC abbrev Brit
Mr title
Messrs title pl
Mrs
Mrs title
Ms
Ms title
much
as much as too much
mud
much adv much det/pron how much?
mud nU
muddy adj
mug
mug nC
muddy vT/muddy the waters
mule
mule nC
mulish adj
multi-‐cultural see 1 also @ culture / cultural multimedia see also @ media multinational see also @ nation/ national multiparty see also 2 @ party multiply/multiple
multi-‐cultural adj
multimedia adj
multinational adj multinational nC
multiparty adj
multiple adj
multiply vI
multiple nC multiplication nU
368
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
multitude
multitude nC
multiple-‐choice adj multiple-‐choice question nC see also 1 @ choice , question
mum/mummy see also @ mother, mom/ mommy
mumble
mum nC Brit informal mummy nC Brit informal
mumble vIT
mumble nC
mumps
mumps nU
municipal
municipal adj
municipality nC
murder
murder nCU
murder vT
murderer nC
murmur
murmur vIT
murdered adj murderous adj murmur nC
muscle
muscle nCU
muscular adj
muse
muse vI
pull a muscle flex one’s muscles muscly adj muscle in (on) phr v
museum
museum nC
mushroom
mushroom nC
mushroom vI
music
music nU
musical nC
music nU subject musically adv
musical adj relating to music musical adj skilled at music musician nC rock music nU see classical music nU 3 also @ rock see also @ classic/ classical
folk music nU see also @ folk soul music nU see
369
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
pop music nU see 1 also @ pop Muslim/Moslem nC
also @ soul
Muslim/Moslem see also @ Islam must see also got to/ have got to mustache/ moustache mustard
Muslim/Moslem adj
must modal v necessity
mustn’t
must nC
must modal v probability
mustard nU
mustache nC Am/ moustache nC Brit
mustached adj Am/ moustached adj Brit
mutter
mutter vIT
mutton
mutton nU
mutter nC muttering nU
mutual
mutual adj
mutually adv
my see also @ I, me, my det mine myself pron myriad
myriad nC
myriad adj
mystery
mystery nC
mysterious adj
mystical
mystical adj
myth
myth nC old story
mythology nU
mysteriously adv mystify vT mystically adv mystic adj mystic nC myth nC false idea mythical adj mythological adj
Nn
1
nail nC nail vT
2
nail nC fingernail nC see
nail metal fastener
nail body part
nail down phr v fasten with a nail nail down phr v get agreement on sth nail bar nC see also 1 @ bar
370
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
naive
also @ finger thumbnail nC see also @ thumb toenail nC see also @ toe
naked
naked adj nude
name
name nC name of sb/sth
name n sing/good name reputation name vT give sb/sth a name
name vT reveal names name vT select sb; nominate by name
namely adv
first name nC see also @ first surname nC
brand name nC see 1 also @ brand forename nC
nickname nC nickname vT
nap
family name nC see also @ family full name nC see also @ full Christian name nC see also @ Christian
napkin
napkin nC
nap nC nap vI
narrate
narrative nC
narrator nC
X
nail file nC see also 2 @ file nail varnish nU see also @ varnish naive adj
naivete nU
naked adj without covering
nakedness nU name sb/sth after sb/sth phr v Brit name sb/sth for sb/sth phr v Am nameless neg adj naming nU named adj unnamed neg adj in the name of nameplate nC see also @ plate namesake nC last name nC see also @ last
have a nap catch sb napping nappy nC Brit see also @ diaper nC Am narration nU narrate vT narrative adj
371
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
narrow
narrow adj opp wide
narrow vIT
nasal see @ nose
nasty
nastily adv nastiness nU
nation
nation nC country national adj
nationality nCU
nasty adj very unpleasant nasty adj unkind nasty adj violent, dangerous
nationalism nU nationalist nC nationalist adj nationally adv nationwide adj/adv
national nC
international adj
native adj native language nC see also @ language
nature nU natural adj relating to/ occurring in nature natural adj not artificial
naturally adv without human intervention
naturally adv/exclam of course; unsurprisingly
native nC native speaker nC see also @ speak/ speaker
internationally adv multinational adj multinational nC
nation nU people of a nation nationalize vT nationalization nU nationalized adj national park nC see 1 also @ park nationalistic adj international nC Brit transnational adj
native
1
nature physical world
unnatural neg adj supernatural adj the supernatural nU
narrow adj only just successful – escape, etc narrow escape nC see also @ escape narrow-‐minded adj 1 see also @ mind nasal adj
unnaturally neg adv natural gas nU see also @ gas natural resources n pl see also @ 2 resource
372
headword 2
A1
A2
nature characteristic; essence
naughty
nausea
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
good-‐/ill-‐natured adj
nature nU essence of sb/sth nature nCU sb’s character human nature nU see also @ human
naughty adj
naughtiness nU
nausea nU
navigate
navy
navy nC
naval adj
navigate vIT navigation nU
Nazi
near
near adj nearby adj
nearby adv
near vT
neat
near adv/prep opp far, distant near adv/prep soon nearly adv almost
Nazi adj Nazi nC
nauseous adj nauseate vT nauseating adj navigational adj navigator nC merchant navy nC see also @ merchant Nazism nU anti-‐nazi adj nowhere near
neat adj tidy
neatly adv
necessary
necessary adj
necessarily adv
necessity nCU unnecessary neg adj
unnecessarily neg adv
neck
neck nC body part
necklace nC
neatness nU neat adj Am informal good necessitate vT of necessity bare necessities n pl 2 see also @ bare neck nC of clothing neck nC of bottle, land, etc neckline nC see also 1 @ line necktie nC Am see
373
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X 2
need
need vT require need nU
needle
also @ tie needful adj needlessly neg adv in need of sth no need to do sth needle vT needlework nU see 2 also @ work negative nC answer, grammar, etc negativity nU
needless neg adj needy adj
need v/need to phr v recommendation, requirement needn’t
needle nC sewing instrument
needle nC medical instrument
1
negative adj
negatively adv
negative applications
2
negative nC photography
neglect
negative nU/adj electricity negative nU/adj temperature/ number neglect vT
neglectful adj
negligence
negligence nU
neglect nU neglected adj negligent adj
negligible
negligible adj
negotiate
negotiation nCU
negotiate vT
negotiator nC
negro
negro nC/adj
negotiated adj negotiating nU
neighbour/neighbor
neighbour nC Brit/ neighbor nC Am person living nearby
neighbourhood nC Brit/ neighborhood nC Am
neighbouring adj Brit/ neighboring adj Am
negative opp positive
negligently adv
neighbour nC Brit/ neighbor nC Am neighbouring country neighbourly adv Brit/ neighborly adv Am in the neighbourhood/
374
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
neighborhood neither here nor there
neither adv neither det/pron/ conj neither … nor
neon nU
nephew nC
nervously adv nervousness nU
get on sb’s nerves be all nerves
nerve human quality
nerve nC nerves n pl feelings of stress, worry nervous adj relating to nerves nervous adj worried, stressed
unnerve vT unnerving adj
nest
1
network nC system
net nCU mesh
nest nC nest vI
nerve nU courage nerve nU cheek, impudence
networking nU
2
net n sing network nC computer
net nC sport net nC goal net vT netting nU network vI meet, discuss, etc network vIT computer
net adj
net vT informal
neutral adj
neutrality nU neutralize vT
neutral nC
neither
neon nephew see also @ niece 1 nerve body fibre, nervous system
2
net mesh
net the internet; see also @ internet 3
net financial: opp gross neutral
375
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
never
never adv
nevertheless
nevertheless adv
new
new adj recently made
newly adv
newborn adj see also @ born
new adj different new adj just arrived new adj unused new adj just discovered
news nU the news nU radio, TV broadcast newspaper nC publication, company
New Year’s Day nC see also @ year, day New Year’s Eve nC see also @ year, eve
newsagent nC see also @ agent
news bulletin nC see also @ bulletin newsletter nC see 1 also @ letter
next adj/pron/det/adv nice adj pleasant nice adj kind
next to prep
next door adj/adv see also @ door nicely adv
night nC between
night nC evening
news
next nice niche nickname see also @ name niece see also @ nephew
X
never mind! see 2 also @ mind anew adv
brand new adj see also 2 @ brand renew vT renewal nCU renewed adj newcomer nC see also @ come
renewable adj
break (the) news/ breaking news see 2 also @ break newscaster nC esp Am see also @ broadcast news reader nC esp Brit see also @ read the next thing I saw/ knew … nice and…
niche nC
nickname nC
nickname vT
niece nC
good night! see also
midnight nU
nightly adj
376
headword
night
A1
sunset and sunrise tonight nU/adv
A2
night nC special evening
B1
@ good
4
nightclub nC see 1 also @ club
B2
C1
C2
midnight nU
nightmare nC bad dream nightmare nC unpleasant event or situation
nighttime nU see 1 also @ time overnight adv
nightfall nU nightgown nC see also @ gown overnight adj
X
at/by night the dead of night 2 see also @ dead late-‐night adj nightshirt nC see also @ shirt still of the night see 2 also @ still night and day/day and night
nil
nil nU
nine
nine cardinal number 9 nineteen cardinal number 19 ninety cardinal number 90
ninth ordinal 1 number/ fraction /9 nineteenth ordinal number/fraction ninetieth ordinal number/fraction
nitrogen nU
no det not any, not one no det not allowed no exclam negative reply no adv not, not any nobody pron no one/no-‐one pron nothing pron
nope exclam informal
nitrate nC nitric acid nU see also @ acid no doubt exclam see also @ doubt no longer no way! exclam
nowhere adv
noble adj
nobility nU
noble nC nobly adv nobleman nC see 3 also @ man ignoble neg adj
nitrogen
no
noble
377
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
nod
nod vIT
nod nC
nod off phr v
node
node nC
nodal adj
noise
noise nCU
noisy adj
noisily adv
nominal
nominal adj
nominally adv
nominate
none
none pron
nominate vT nomination nCU nominee nC
nonetheless
nonetheless adv
none but none too
non-‐existent see also @ exist non-‐profit/non-‐ profit-‐making see also @ profit
non-‐existent adj
nonsense see also 3 @ sense noodle
nonsensical adj
nonsense nU nonsense! exclam
non-‐profit adj non-‐profit-‐making adj not-‐for-‐profit adj
noodle nC
noon
afternoon nU
noon nU
nor
nor conj
neither … nor
good afternoon exclam see also @ 4 good
normal
normal adj
normally adv
norm nC
abnormal neg adj
normality nU
north
north nU north adv north adj
northern adj
North Pole nU see 2 also @ pole
northwards adv Brit/ northward adv Am
normative adj abnormality nC abnormally neg adv northernmost adj
northeast/north-‐ east nU/adj
378
headword
A1
A2
B1
nose see also @ nasal, nostril
nose nC body part
nose nC aircraft, rocket, etc
nostalgia
nostril see also @ nose not
B2
northeastern adj northwest/north-‐ west nU/adj northwestern adj
C1
C2
X
nostalgia nU
nose vT/nose about/ around phr v follow one’s nose poke/stick one’s nose in/into sth nasal adj nostalgic adj
nostril nC
not/n’t adv/negative
not at all reply
1
note nC short document note vT/note down phr v write sth down
note/notes nC usu pl personal jottings make/take a note/ notes
notebook nC see 1 also @ book notepaper nU see 1 also @ paper
note nC extra information
2
note nC
notation nU
footnote nC see also 1 @ foot notepad nC see also 1 @ pad compare notes
3
notable adj visible, noticeable
noted adj
take note (of)
note money
4
nothing
nothing pron nothing number zero
note vT formal notably adv formal noticeably note nC banknote nC see 1 also @ bank
notice vT
notice nU take notice
noticeable adj
noticeably adv noticed adj
for nothing nothing but be/have nothing to do with sb/sth
note short document
note musical note note to notice
1
notice be aware, spot
379
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
unnoticed neg adj
at a moment’s notice at short notice
notice nU resignation notice nU advance warning
notify vT
notification nU
notion nC
notional adj
notorious
notorious adj
notoriously adv
notoriety nU
nothwithstanding
nought
notwithstanding adv formal nought nC
noun
noun nC
nourish
pronoun nC
1
novel nC
novelist nC
nourish vT nourishment nU
countable noun nC uncountable noun nC proper noun nC personal pronoun nC
novel new, innovative; see also @ innovation novice
2
novel adj
novelty nCU
novice nC
now
now adv at this moment, immediately
now intro, exclam now/now that conj right now see also 4 @ right
by now just now very recently just now at this moment
any moment/ second/ minute/time now (every) now and again/now and then
2
notice resignation, warning, etc
3
notice nC noticeboard nC Brit 1 see also @ board
notify
notion
notice poster
novel book
380
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
from now on
nowadays adv
nowhere adv
nuclear atomic
nuclear adj atomic nuclear adj weapon
nucleus
nucleus adj
nude
nude adj
nuisance
nuisance nC
number
a number of PIN number nC abbrev = personal identification number; see also @ 2 PIN numerous adj
number vT
numeral/numerous
number nC numeral, number nC symbol, etc telephone number telephone/phone number nC see also @ telephone, 1 phone
numeral nC numerical adj innumerable neg adj
nun
nun nC
numbered adj numberplate nC esp Brit outnumber vT serial number nC see also @ serial numerate adj innumerate neg adj numerical order nU 1 see also @ order nunnery nC
nurse
nurse nC
nurse vIT
nursing nU nursing adj
nursery
nursery rhyme nC see also @ rhyme
nurture
nursing home nC 2 see also @ home nursery nC nursery school nC see also @ school
1
nut nC
nurture vT nurture nU
nutshell nC see also @
nutty adj relating to
nowhere
nut dry fruit
get/go nowhere nowhere near nuclear bomb nC see also @ bomb nuclear power nUC nuclear adj nude nC nudity nU nudist adj/nC in the nude denude vT
381
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2 1
X
shell chestnut nC coconut nCU walnut nC
nuts in a nutshell walnut nC
nut nC informal
nutty adj informal
nutritional adj
nutritionist nC malnutrition nU
nylon nU
nylons n pl stockings
peanut nC
2
nut crazy person
3
nut nC/nut and bolt see also @ bolt
nutrition
nylon
nutrition nU nutrient nC nutritious adj
Oo
oak
oak nCU
oar
oar nC
oath
oath nC
obey/obedience
obey vIT
obedient adj
1
object nC
disobey vT obediently adv obedience nU
oarsman nC see also 2 @ man on/under oath take/swear an oath 2 see also @ swear disobedience nU disobedient neg adj
2
objection nCU
object vI
objectionable adj
object nC
objective nC
object nC
direct object nC indirect object nC
objective adj
objectively adv
nut metal fastener
object thing object oppose, disagree 3 object grammar 4
1
object /objective aim, purpose 2 objective fair,
382
headword
A1
A2
unbiased oblige
oblong
obscene obscure
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
oblige vT
objectivity nU obligatory adj
obliged to do sth
obligation nCU legal obligation nC moral, commitment
oblong adj
oblong nC
obscenely adv
1
observe vT see, notice
observe comment
2
observed adj observatory nC observable adj unobserved neg adj
obsessed/obsession
observe vIT watch observation nCU watching observer nC observe vT observation nC
obscure adj obscure vT obscurity nU
obscene adj obscenity nCU
obsessed adj obsession nC
obstacle
obstacle nC
obstruct
obstruction nCU obstruct vT
obtain
obtain vT
obvious
obviously adv
obvious adj
occasion
occasion nC
1
occupy vT
occasional adj occasionally adv occupied adj
2
occupy vT
occupational adj
occupant nC occupier nC
observe see, notice
occupy use space occupy use time/
obsess vT obsessive adj obsessively adv obstacle course nC 5 see also @ course obstructive adj unobstructed neg adj obtainable adj unobtainable neg adj on occasion(s) on the occasion of occupancy nU unoccupied neg adj
383
headword 1
occupation job, profession; see also @ preoccupy
A1
A2
occupy invade/ 2 occupation occur
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
occupational adj
occupation nCU job, profession
preoccupation nU
occur vI
occupy vT occupation nC occurrence nC
occupier nC occupied adj
preoccupy vT preoccupied adj
ocean
ocean nC
oceanic adj
o’clock see also @ clock 1 odd strange, unusual
o’clock adv
odd adj strange, unusual
odd not even; see 5 also @ even 3 odd occasional
odd adj
odd adj not matching oddly adv
oddity nC oddment nC odds and ends
odd adj
odds chances, gambling odour/odor
odds npl
of
of prep possession, belonging to of prep amount, quantity of prep containing, made of of prep position of prep date of prep age off adv away
of prep Am telling time of course adv
odour nCU Brit/ odor nCU Am
against (all) the odds at odds with deodorant nCU
off adv removed, distant off adv turned/
off adv price reduction off adv off work
3
2
1
off adv/adj
off adj not fresh, bad
off and on
384
headword
A1
A2
switched off
2
off prep
off prep down, away off prep removed
offensive attack; see also @ defend/ defensive
offer
offer vT offer nC act of offering offer nC sth that is offered office nC room for work, study, etc office nC company building
1
offend commit crime 2 offend upset
1
office room for work, study, etc
B1
off adj cancelled, not available be off phr v leave
B2
C2
X
offence nC Brit/ offense nC Am offend vT offence nC Brit/ offense nC Am offensive adj
off prep not using, needing offend vT offender nC
offer vT propose
offering nC
offensive nC offensive adj offence nU Brit/ offense nU Am
office worker nC see also @ work/worker booking office nC 2 see also @ book information office nC see also @ inform/information post office nC see 1 also @ post ticket office nC see also @ ticket tourist office nC see
left-‐luggage office nC Brit see also @ luggage lost property office nC see also @ lose/lost, property
C1
offending adj
offensively adj offensiveness nU cause offence/ offense take offence/ offense
offered adj
385
headword
A1
A2
B1
office job, authority/officer
officer nC military/ police officer
office nCU official adj relating to job, etc official adj authorised by authority
offline see also @ 2 line offset
offline adv/adj
also @ tour/tourist officer nC sb with authority (non-‐ military) customs officer nC see also @ customs police officer nC see also @ police
offshore see also @ shore offspring
2
B2
C1
C2
X
officially adv
unofficial neg adj
unofficially neg adv prison officer nC see also @ prison probation officer nC see also @ probation
offset vT
offshore adj
offspring n sing
often
often adv
oh!
oil
oil nU fuel, etc
oil nCU for cooking cooking oil nCU see also @ cook/cooking
oh! exclam oh dear! exclam
as often as not every so often more often than not
oil well nC see also 4 @ well
OK/okay
OK/okay exclam OK/okay adj/adv old adj aged, opp. young
old adj describing age: 5 years old, etc old adj opp. new how old?
old adj former, opp. recent/present old adj opp. modern
old age nU see also @ age
old-‐fashioned adj 2 see also @ fashion
old see also @ elder/ elderly
oil vT oily adj olive oil nU see also @ olive OK/okay nC OK/okay vT the old n pl get/grow old
old-‐age pension nC old-‐age pensioner nC see also @
386
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
olive
olive nC
Olympic
Olympic adj
the Olympics n pl
omelette/omelet
Olympic Games n pl 1 see also @ game
pension/pensioner olive oil nU see also @ oil olive branch nC see 1 also @ branch Olympian nC
omen/ominous
omelette nC Brit/ omelet nC Am
ominous adj
omit/omission
omit vT
omission nC
omen nC ominously adv
1
on prep above, on top, on the surface on prep direction, location on prep on day, date
2
on adv wear, cover
3
on fire see also @ 1 fire
on prep state (on fire, etc) on prep travel (on foot, etc) on prep broadcasts, etc (on TV, on tape, on stage, etc) on prep about, concerning on adv/adj turn/ switch on, on switch on business see also 1 @ business on foot see also @ 1 foot on the/your left on the/your right
on duty see also @ 1 duty on holiday see also @ holiday on a journey see also @ journey on loan see also @ loan on order see also @ 2 order
on prep
on adv/adj on phrases
on adv travel, board, etc and so on on behalf of on board see also @ 2 board on the one/other hand see also @ 1 hand on purpose see also @ purpose on sale see also @ sale
387
headword
1
once on one occasion 2 once in the past
A1
A2
B1
once adv
on time see also @ 1 time on the/one’s way (to/from) see also 1 @ way
B2
C1
C2
X
on request see also @ request on the whole see also @ whole from now/then on
once adv
3
once conj
4
at once
once again/once more once or twice
one cardinal number 1 one det time, occasion (one day), etc one pron single example (the) one … (the) other anyone pron no one/no-‐one pron someone pron
one det single, separate
one-‐way adj see 1 also @ way one pron one of those mentioned one another pron
all at once once and for all once in a while once upon a time one or two a few
one pron formal anyone, me
oneself see also @ self ongoing
by oneself
oneself pron formal
one after the other/ an other one by one one day in the past one day in the future one-‐off n sing one way or another somehow the one and only see also @ only
ongoing adj
onion
onion nCU
online see also @ 2 line
online adj/adv see 2 also @ line
once when once phrases
1
one number; see also @ first 2 one det, pronoun
388
headword
only
A1
A2
only adj only one only adv alone, only one
only adv nothing more, merely
onstage see also @ 2 stage onto/ on to
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
only conj but
the one and only
only just recently only just barely not only … but also
onset n sing
onstage adv
onto/ on to prep
onwards/onward 2 see also @ ward
opaque
onwards adv Brit/ onward adv Am onward adj
opaque adj
open
open adj not shut open vT opp shut
open vT start opening nC event
open adj not open adj not secret enclosed open adv open vT remove top, wrapping, etc open vIT open for business opening nC hole opening nC beginning
opening nC opportunity, job vacancy, etc openly adv
opera nC
opener nC openness nU reopen vT can-‐opener nC see also 2 @ can tin-‐opener nC Brit see 2 also @ tin reopen vT
opaqueness nU opacity nU unopened neg adj
operate vIT make machine etc function operate vIT run business, etc operation nU machine, business, etc
operator nC telephone
operation nC military, rescue, etc operational adj operator nC machine operator
onset
opera
1
operate make machine etc function
open-‐air adj see also 1 @ air opening hours see also @ hour operatic adj opera house nC see 2 also @ house soap opera nC operating adj operating system nC see also @ system operationally adv in operation bring/put into operation come/go into
389
headword
2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
operation inoperative neg adj operating theatre nC Brit/ operating theater nC Am see also @ theatre/theatre inoperable neg adj opinionated adj a matter of opinion 1 see also @ matter public opinion nU see also @ public opinion poll nC see also @ poll opportune adj opportunist nC opportunist/ opportunistic adj opposing adj as opposed to
operate surgery
operate vI operation nC
opinion
opinion nC
opportunity
opportunity nC
oppose/opponent
opponent nC in argument, etc opponent nC in sport
opposed adj/ opposed to
opposite
opposite nC/the opposite
oppress
oppose vT be against, fight against opposition nU disagreement opposition n sing opposing team, etc opposite adj completely different opposite adj/adv/ prep facing opposite adj other side of sth
oppress vT oppression nU
oppressed adj oppressive adj oppressor nC
390
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
opt/option
option nC
optical
optimism
or
oral
or conj two or more options
orange
orbit
orange nCU fruit orange nU colour orange adj
orchard
orchestra ordeal
X
oppressively adv
optimistic adj
optimism nU
or conj if not
oral adj oral nC examination
optician nC optics nU optimist nC optimistically adv optimal adj optimum adj or so informal approximately orally adv
orange juice nU
orbit nC
orchard nC
orbit vIT orbital adj
orchestra nC
orchestral adj
ordeal nC
order nCU
in order out of order
disorder nU
orderly adj alphabetical order nU see also @ alphabet numerical order nU see also @ numeral ordering nU on order
1
2
C2
opt vI optional adj optical adj
order arrangement, sequence
order command, etc
C1
order nC command order vT command order nC request for service/supply order nC sth to be
391
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
supplied order vT ask for service/supply
in order to/that conj
order nU
disorder nU
5
order functioning
6
ordinary ore
ordinary adj
in (good) order out of order extraordinary adj
order nU orderly adj disorder nU
ordered adj disordered neg adj orderly adj disorderly neg adj law and order see also @ law
ordinarily adv extraordinarily adv ore nCU
out of the ordinary
1
organ nC
organ musical instrument organic
2
organ nC
organ donor nC see also @ donate/ donor organist nC
organic adj
organism
organism nC
organically adv inorganic neg adj
organize/ 1 organization arrange/ arrangement
organize vT arrange
organized adj
organization nCU organizer nC arrangement, system
organization nC
organizational adj
reorganize vIT reorganization nCU
organization company, group, etc orient
disorganized neg adj disorganization nU
oriental adj
the orient nU
orientation
orientation nCU
orient/orientate vT
disoriented/
3
order /in order to/that 4 order tidiness
order good behaviour
organ body part
2
392
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
origin
original adj first original adj not copied
origin nC/origins n pl originally adv
original nC not a copy
originate vI
ornament
orphan
orthodox
C1
C2
X
disorientated neg adj disorientation nU unoriginal neg adj originator nC
originality nU
original adj novel, creative original nC first made
ornament nC
ornamental adj
orphan nC
orthodox adj
1
other det additional, extra, last of list other det opposite, alternative
2
ounce
otherwise adv differently ought/ought to modal
ought
other/the other pron second of two otherwise conj or else
orphaned adj orphanage nC orthodoxy nU unorthodox neg adj other than except none other than or other imprecise another/some other time each other/one another the other day recently others pron other people, other things
our
our det ours pron
ounce nC oz abbrev
other det
other pron otherwise
ourselves pron reflexive ourselves pron emphasis
393
headword
A1
A2
B1
oust
out
out adv to the outside, outside out adv away from home, work, etc out of made from out of part of a total
outbreak see also @ 2 break outburst see also @ burst outcome
B2
C2
X
oust vT
out of nothing out of because of remaining out adv in sport out adv visible (sun, etc) out adv extinguished out adv sea: low tide outer adj
outbreak nC
outage nC esp Am outcast nC see also 2 @ cast outcry nC see also 2 @ cry /cry out outdo vT outstretched adj see also @ stretch outweigh vT see also @ weigh outermost adj
outburst nC
outcome nC
outdoor see also @ door outfit
outdoors adv/n pl
outdoor adj
outfit nC
outlaw see also @ law outlet
outlaw nC
outlet nC
outlaw adj outlaw vT
outline
outline nC silhouette, shape, etc outline vT draw outline outline nC summary outline vT summarize
outlook n sing
1
outlook future prospects
C1
394
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
outlook nU
outlook view
3
outlook n sing
outnumber see also @ number outpatient see @ 2 patient output
outnumber vT outpatient nC
output nCU
outrage see also @ rage
outrage nU anger
outrageous adj outraged adj
outright
outright adj/adv
outrage nC shocking event outrage vT outrageously adv
outset
outset n sing
at/from the outset
outside
outside adv/prep opp. inside
outside adj from elsewhere
outsider nC
at the outside at most outside of
outskirts see also @ 2 skirt outspoken see also @ speak/spoken 1 outstanding excellent
outside adj opp. inside outside/the outside nC exterior
outskirts n pl
outspoken adj
outstanding adj
outstanding adj
outstandingly adv stand out phr v be noticeable; see also 3 @ stand
outward adj
outwardly adv
outwards adv Brit/ outward adv Am
outweigh vT see also @ weigh
outlook attitude
2
outstanding incomplete; not paid outward see also @ 2 ward /-‐ward outweigh
395
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
oval
oval adj
oval nC
oven
oven nC
over prep above over prep covering over prep more than, exceeding over prep from one side to the other
microwave oven nC see also @ microwave
overly adv be/get over sb/sth recover all over the place/all over the world/ all over somewhere overawe vT usu pass overawed adj see also @ awe overcrowd vT overcrowded adj see also @ crowd overdo vT overdose nC overdose vI see also @ dose over-‐eager adj over-‐eagerness nU see also @ eager overgrown adj see also @ grow/grown overkill nU see also @ kill overload vT overloaded adj see 1 also @ load overreact vI see also @ react/reaction oversleep vI see also 1 @ sleep
1
over prep
2
over /over-‐
396
headword 3
A1
A2
over adv
over adv down, over the edge over adv covering
overall
overalls
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
over adv remaining
overall adj
over adv across over adv exceeding, excessively over adv past, finished
overall adv
over and over (again) repeatedly over here/over there over and above
overboard see also 2 @ board overcoat see also @ 1 coat overcome
overalls n pl Brit = coveralls n pl Am
overboard adv
overcoat nC
overcome vT
overdraft see also @ 3 draft overdue see also @ due overestimate see also @ estimate overflow see also @ flow overhang see also @ hang
overdraft nC
overdue adj
overestimate vT overestimate nC overflow vIT overflow nCU
overhead see also 1 @ head overhear see also @ hear overjoyed see also @ joy overlap
overhead adj/adv
overjoyed adj
overhear vT overheard adj
overlapping adj
overlook vT
overlap vIT overlap nCU
1
overlook look over;
overhang vIT overhang nC overhanging adj
397
headword
see also @ look 2 overlook fail to notice overnight see also @ night override
A1
A2
B1
overseas see also @ sea oversee see also @ see
B2
C1
C2
X
overlook vT ignore, fail to punish overnight adv
overlook vT fail to notice
overnight adj
override vT
overseas adj
overseas adv
override nC overriding adj
oversee vT
overt
overt adj
overtake
overtake vT surpass
overthrow see also @ throw overtime see also @ 1 time 1 overturn turn sth over; see also @ turn 2 overturn change a decision; see also @ turn overview see also @ 2 view overweight see also @ weigh/weight overwhelm
overtake vIT Brit drive past = pass vIT Am overthrow vT overthrow nC overtime nU
overturn vIT
overturn vIT
overview nC
overweight adj
overwhelm vT overwhelming adj uncontrollable overwhelming adj
overwhelmingly adv
overwhelmed adj
overseer nC oversight nU supervision overtly adv
398
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
very great
owing adj
owe vT be in debt; owe money owe vT owe non-‐ monetary item
owing to prep
owl nC
1
own det, pron
own possess
2
owner nC
own vT
ownership nU
oxygen
oxygen nU
dioxide nU
own up phr v (all) on one’s own come into one’s own hold one’s own get your own way homeowner nC see 1 also @ home landowner nC see 1 also @ land oxide nC
oyster
oyster nC
ozone
ozone nC
Pp
pa/papa
pa/papa nC informal
pace nU
owe
owing/owing to owl own belonging to; oneself
1
grandpa nC informal 2 see also @ grand
2
pace nC
pace vIT
at a snail’s pace see also @ snail keep pace with set the pace pace vT/pace oneself
1
pack vIT load bag, etc
pack nC things packed or tied
pack vIT fill completely
packed adj filled completely
unpack vIT jam-‐packed adj
pace speed
pace step, stride pack / package/
399
headword
packet
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
pack vIT load bag, etc
together pack nC esp Am packet pack nC set of playing cards
pack nC luggage carried on sb’s back
packing nU
backpack nC see 2 also @ back
package nC parcel
package nC esp Am packet
package vT
packaging nU
packet nC
pack nC
informal see also @ 3 jam pack (sth) in phr v finish pack it in! exclam pack off phr v send away pack up phr v finish backpack vI backpacking nU backpacker nC see 2 also @ back packaged adj package holiday nC see also @ holiday packing-‐case nC see 2 also @ case wage-‐packet nC see also @ wage/wages
pact nC
1
pad nC
2
pad vI
pad vT padded adj padding nU pad out phr v mouse pad nC see 2 also @ mouse notepad nC see also 1 @ note
3
pad nC
2
pack group of animals, cards, etc pact pad cloth, paper, etc
pad walk quietly pad launching pad
A1
launchpad nC Am/ launching pad nC
400
headword
page
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
page nC sheet of paper; page in book, etc pain nCU physical pain
painful adj
pain nCU mental, emotional pain
painfully adv
paint
paint nCU paint vIT decorate
paintbrush nC see also @ brush
pair
pair nC two
pair nC two people, couple
pajamas/pyjamas
pal
pajamas n pl Am/ pyjamas n pl Brit pal nC informal
palace
palace nC
pale
pale adj
palette
palette nC
palm front of one’s hand
palm nC
pain
X
Brit see also @ launch home page nC see 1 also @ home pain vT painless neg adj painlessly neg adv painkiller nC see also @ kill/killer pains n pl period pain nCU see 3 also @ period take pains be at pains to … paint the town red idiom see also @ red, town pair vIT pair off phr v pair up phr v pally adj informal penpal nC see also @ pen palatial adj pale vI paleness nU palm off phr v palmist nC palmistry nU
401
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
pamphlet
pamphlet nC
pamphleteer nC
pan container
pan nC
saucepan nC see also @ sauce
pancake see also @ cake 1 panel expert group
frying pan nC see also @ fry
pancake nC
panel nC
panel wall covering, etc
panel nC
panic
panic nCU
panic vI
panellist nC Brit/ panelist nC Am panelling nU Brit/ paneling nU Am solar panel nC see also @ solar panicky adj
pant
panting nU
pants
papal see also @ pope paper
pants n pl Brit = underpants pants n pl Am = trousers underpants n pl
pant vI pant nC
paper nU substance paper adj
paper nC newspaper papers n pl documents
papal adj papacy nCU paper nC academic article
newspaper nCU see also @ news
notepaper nU see 1 also @ note
paperback nC see also 2 @ back paperwork nU see also 2 @ work wallpaper nCU wallpaper vT see also @ wall
ballot paper nC see also @ ballot paperpunch nC see 2 also @ punch sandpaper nU see also @ sand tissue paper nU see 2 also @ tissue toilet paper nU see
2
paperclip nC see also @ clip
paper nC exam paper vT cover with wallpaper wastepaper basket/ bin nC esp Brit see also @ basket, bin, waste
panties n pl pantyhose n pl Am see also @ tights n pl Brit
papery adj on paper
402
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
par
par nU
parachute
parachute nC
parachute vIT
also @ toilet wrapping paper nU see also @ wrap on a par par for the course under par parity nU parachutist nC
parade
parade nC procession
paradigm
parade vI parade nC row of shops, etc paradigm nC
hit parade nC old-‐ fashioned see also 2 @ hit
paradise
paradise nU
paradox
paradox nC
paragraph
paragraph nC
paradoxical adj paradoxically adv paragraphing nU
parallel
parallel adj
parallel vT
paralyze
parallel nC line parallel nC similarity
parameter
parameter nC
paralyze vT paralysis nU
paramedic see also @ medicine/medical parasite
paramedic nC
parasite nC
parcel
parcel nC
pardon exclam Brit pardon me exclam Am
parasitic/parasitical adj parcel vT/parcel up phr v be (all) part and parcel of sth idiom
1
pardon please repeat
unparalleled neg adj parallelogram nC paralyzed adj
403
headword
2
A1
pardon forgive
parent
parent nC
parish
1
2
A2
I beg your pardon exclam I beg your pardon exclam grandparent nC see 2 also @ grand
B1
B2
C1
C2
pardon nCU
pardon vT
parental adj
parish nC
park nC
park vehicle
park vIT
parking nU car park nC esp Brit 1 see also @ car
parliament
parliament nC
parliamentary adj
Member of Parliament nC Brit
park recreational area
X
unpardonable neg adj parentage nU parenthood nU parenting nU parents-‐in-‐law n pl 2 see also @ law foster parent nC see also @ foster single parent nC see 2 also @ single parishioner nC parish priest nC see also @ priest game park nC see 2 also @ game national park nC see also @ nation/ national theme park nC see also @ theme parked adj parking lot nC esp 2 Am see also @ lot multi-‐storey car park nC see also @ 2 storey/ story trailer park nC Am see also @ trailer parliamentarian nC
404
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
parlour/parlor
parrot
parsley
part nC piece, section
partly adv
part leave, separate; see also @ depart participate
participle
particle particular
C2
X
parlour nC Brit/ parlor nC Am parrot nC
parsley nU
partial adj incomplete take part (in) participate; see also 2 @ take part-‐time adj see 1 also @ time
partially adv not completely
in part part of speech nC 2 see also @ speech play a part in
part vIT
parting adj parting nU leaving
participate vI participant nC participation nU
parting nC line in hair part with phr v participating adj
participle nC
particle nC
in particular
partisan
particular adj particularly adv
partisan adj
bipartisan adj
partner
partner nC social, sexual partnership nCU
partner nC business partner partner nC team member
party nC
birthday party nC see also @ birth/
partner vT sleeping partner nC inactive business partner; see also @ 1 sleep party vI partygoer nC hen party nC see also @ hen
1
part piece, section
2
1
party social gathering
parrot vT
405
headword
A1
A2
2
party political group 3 party person in contract, etc 1 pass move past
B1
B2
C1
C2
party nC
birthday dinner party nC see also @ dinner
party nC
pass vIT move past
pass vT move beyond a certain time
passing nU moving past
surpass vT
pass vT give, transmit pass vT sport – ball, etc pass nC sport – ball, etc
X
stag party nC see also @ stag
multiparty adj third-‐party adj/nC see also @ third unsurpassed neg adj
pass away/on phr v die pass by phr v pass off phr v diminish pass off phr v take place pass on phr v proceed pass on phr v tell pass out phr v distribute pass out phr v faint pass over phr v ignore pass through phr v go through somewhere without stopping pass up phr v miss
406
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
2
passport nC
pass succeed in examination 4 pass route, esp. through mountains 1 passage hallway, tunnel 2 passage journey, passing of time/ passenger passion
3
pass vIT
pass nC pass vT approve a law, etc boarding pass nC 2 see also @ board password nC see also @ word pass nC esp Brit
pass nC
passage nC
bypass vT bypass nC
passenger nC
passage nU formal
pass mark nC esp Brit overpass nC underpass nC passageway nC see 3 also @ way
passion nCU
passionate adj
passionately adv
impassioned adj
passive
passive adj
passport see also @ 2 pass password see also 2 @ pass , word 1 past
passport nC
password nC
the passive nC grammar passively adv passiveness nU passivity nU passive smoking nU 2 see also @ smoke passport control nU see also @ control
past prep beyond a place past prep beyond a
past prep telling time: half past one, etc
pass document giving permission
passer-‐by/passerby nC passkey nC see also 1 @ key
407
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
past grammar
time, later past adj previous the past nU
past nU
pasta
pasta nU
past tense nC see 2 also @ tense
paste
paste vT
pastime
paste vT toothpaste nU see also @ tooth
pastime nC
pastoral
pastoral adj
pastry
pastry nU
pasture
pasture nCU
pasture vT
pat
patch
patch nC
pat vT pat nC
patent
patent nC
path
path nC track
pathetic
path nC route; course of action
footpath nC see also 1 @ foot
pathway nC seealso @ 3 way pathetic adj
pat on the back v/nC 2 see also @ back patch vT patch up phr v patched adj patchy adj patchwork nU see 2 also @ work vegetable patch nC see also @ vegetable patent vT patent adj patented adj
patience nU patient adj
patiently adv impatient neg adj
2
patience/patient
1
pathetically adv impatience nU impatiently neg adv
408
headword
patient
2
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
patient nC
outpatient nC
patio
patio nC
patriot/patriotic
patrol
patriot nC unpatriotic neg adj on patrol
patron
patrol nC patrol vIT patron nC
patriotic adj patriotism nU
patronage nU
pattern
pause
pattern nC regular arrangement
pause vI
pause nC
pattern vT patterned adj
pavement
pavement nC usu sing Brit = sidewalk
pavement nU Am = tarmac
paw
paw nC
pay
pay vIT give money for work, goods, etc pay for phr v
pay nU salary, etc payment nCU
payphone nC see 1 also @ phone pay rise nC esp Brit/ pay raise nC esp Am 1 see also @ rise / raise
payable adj payroll nC
pay vT give attention, compliment, visit, etc payee nC payer nC payment nCU punishment, reward pay cheque nC Brit/ pay check nC Am see also 2 @ cheque/ check
pave vT pave the way for paved adj paving nU paving stone nC esp Brit see also @ stone paw vIT informal paid adj pay vI be worth pay attention to sb/ sth see also @ 3 attend /attention pay any/the price suffer consequences; see also @ price pay sb/sth back phr v pay in phr v deposit money in bank, etc pay-‐off nC settle a debt
409
headword
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
repay vT repayment nC pea nC
unpaid neg adj
tax payer nC see also @ tax
pay out phr v pay up phr v pay reluctantly repayable adj
peace nU quiet, calm
peaceful adj
peacefully adv
peach nC
at peace make peace keep the peace peacekeeper nC peacekeeping nU see 2 also @ keep peachy adj informal
peak
peak vI
peak adj off-‐peak neg adj
peanut see also @ 1 nut pear
peak nC top of mountain, etc peak nC top, high point
peanut nC see also 1 @ nut pear nC
peanut butter nU see also @ butter
pearl
pearl nC jewel
peasant
peasant nC
pearl nC sb/sth of great pearly adj worth mother-‐of-‐pearl nU peasantry nU
pebble
pebble nC
pebbly adj
peculiar odd
peculiar adj
pedal
1
2
pedestrian nC pedestrian adj
peculiarity nC peculiarly adv pedal nC pedal vIT
pea
peace
peace nU opp. war
peach
pedestrian walker pedestrian ordinary,
pedestrian adj
backpedal vI pedestrian crossing 1 nC see also @ cross
410
headword
uninteresting peel
A1
A2
B1
1
2
peer equal person
peg
B2
C1
C2
X
peel vT peel nCU peer vI
peeled adj peeler nC
peer nC
peerless adj formal
peg nC peg vT
pen writing instrument
pen nC
penknife nC see also @ knife
pen vT
penalty
penalize vT
penal adj
pencil
pencil nC
ballpen/ball-‐pen/ ballpoint pen nC see 1 also @ ball pen-‐friend nC see also @ friend penalty nC punishment penalty nC in sport
clothes peg nC Brit = clothes pin nC Am see also @ clothes fountain pen nC see also @ fountain penpal nC see also @ pal
in pencil
pencil in phr v
pending
pending adj
penetrate
penetrate vIT
penetration nCU
peninsula
peninsula nC
penetrating adj penetrative adj impenetrable neg adj peninsular adj
penis
penis nC
penile adj
penny
penny/pence nC
pension
pension nC
pensioner nC
pension off phr v pension fund nC see also @ fund old-‐age pension nC old-‐age pensioner nC
peer look hard
411
headword
people see also @ person 1 pepper spice
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
people n pl
people vT
pepper nU
pepper vegetable
pepper nC
pepper vT peppery adj peppercorn nC see also @ corn
peppermint see @ mint per
peppermint nCU
per prep
percent/per cent adj/adv percentage nCU
perceive/perception
perceive vT perception nCU
perceived adj
percent/per cent/% see also @ per
perch
percent/per cent adj/adv percentage nCU
1
perfect adj
perfectly adv
perch nC perch vIT perfect vT perfection nU
per annum per capita per se miles/kilometres per hour perceptive adj perceptual adj perceptible adj perceptibly adj imperceptible neg adj misperception nCU percentile nC one hundred per cent everything
2
perfectly adv
perfect adj
2
perfect flawless
perfect emphasis
perfectionist nC perfectionism nU imperfect neg adj imperfectly neg adv imperfection nCU to perfection
412
headword 1
perform carry out action 2 perform entertain
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
perform vT
performance nCU
performer nC
performing adj
perfume
perform vIT performance nC
perfume nC
perhaps
perhaps adv maybe
peril
perhaps adv approximately
perfumed adj perfume vT
perimeter
perimeter nC
perilous adj perilously adv imperil vT at one’s peril
period nC
periodic adj periodically adv
periodical nC magazine
period menstruation permanent
period nC Am see also @ full/full stop
period nC school lesson
period nC
permanent adj
permanently adv
permit/permission
permit vT
permission nU
permit nC
permitted adj permissible adj
perpetual
perpetual adj perpetuate vT formal
persist
persist vI
persistent adj
persistence nU
period pain nCU see also @ pain permanence nU impermanent neg adj impermanence nU permissive adj impermissible neg adj perpetually adv perpetuation nU perpetuity nU/in perpetuity formal persistently adv
person/personal
person nC personal adj private personal adj relating
personal adj bodily personally adv
impersonal neg adj interpersonal adj
impersonate vT impersonation nCU
1
period length of time 2 period punctuation 3
peril nCU
413
headword
see also @ people
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
X
to a person
personal adj private
personal adj bodily personally adv
impersonal neg adj interpersonal adj
salesperson nC see also @ sale
personality
personality nC celebrity
personnel
chairperson nC see 2 also @ chair spokesperson nC see also @ speak, spoken personality nCU character personnel nU employees
personable adj personalize vT personalized adj in person personal pronoun nC see also @ pronoun
perspective
persuade
persuade vT
perspective nC opinion
personnel n sing human resources department
persuasive adj
pertinent
persuasion nU power to persuade
pertinent adj relevant
pervade
pervasive adj
pessimism see also @ optimism
