Brienza Hernan - John W Cooke - El Peronismo Revolucionario

 

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MKUFWKB FOWCBCMWSKB

 

GF^CMMFÝO CGFWD^FKB: Jdrac ]fakb   GF^CMMFÝO GC BK MDBCMMFÝO: Gkofcb Adozëbcz   KSWD^: Hcroëo Nrfcozk  MDD^GFOKMFÝO: Juko Lkoucb ]kotdrd   MD^^CMMFÝO: Kb  Kb`r `rcgd cgd Mdrtæs  GF]CÛD: Cstugfd Okrkojk  GFKA^KLKMFÝO: Pcrýofmk @cfolkoo  FLËACOC] V K^MHFPD: Pfvfkok Mcrrutf  U^DGSMMFÝO: Oæstdr Lkzzcf Gcrcmhds cxmbusfvds gc bk cgfmfýo co mkstcbbkod rcscrvkgds pkrk tdgd cb luogd: © >550, Hcroëo Nrfcozk © >550, Mkpftkb Fotcbcmtukb Bks Bks flëacoc flëacocss punbfmkgks pcrtc pcrtcocmc ocmcoo kb Krmhfvd Acocrk Acocrkbb gc bk Ok Okmfýo mfýo y k lktcrfkb gc krmhfvd gcb Mc.G.bo.M.F. (Mcotrd gc Gdmulcotkmfýo c Fovcstfakmfýo gc bk Mubturk gc Fzqufcrgks co bk Kracotfok). @rkomfsmd Kmuûk gc @faucrd @faucrdkk 736 (;; (;;85) 85) Nucods Kfrcs, K Kracotfok racotfok C-lkfb: `uogkgdrcsEmkpfo.mdl.kr Wcbæ`dod: (+37;;) 7800-;88; ;kcgfmfýo: 1.555 cjclpbkrc cjclpbkrcss

Nrfcozk, Hcroëo Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic:: cb pcrdofsl d rcvdbumfdokrfd  rcvdbumfdokrfd   ;k cg., Nucods MkpftkbKracotfok, Fotcbcmtukb, >550.pdr ;>8Gkofcb p., >;x;3 ml   Oc =)  ml  (@uogkgdrcs gc Kfrcs, bk Fzqufcrgk gfrfafgk Adozëbcz, =)   F]NO-;5: 681-;;8;-00-= 681-;;8; -00-= F]NO-;=: 618-681-;;8;-00-1  618-681-;;8;-00-1   ;. ]dm ]dm fkbf sl d. F. Wìtubd Wìtu bd MGG MGG =>5.3= =>5.3=; ;

Dtrds prdgumtds gc bk cgftdrfkb: Bc Ldogc gfpbdlktfquc, cgfmfýo Mdod ]ur - Mbkvcs pkrk tdgds - @cl, `clcofok y sfoaubkr - Lfrë [ufæo Pfod, Pfods y Akstrdodlìk - Uksfýo Mcbcstc y Nbkomk Cstkmfýo Mfcomfk.

Ukrk mdluofmkrsc mdo odsdtrds: `uogkgdrcsEmkpfo.mdl.kr  www.cgftdrfkbmkpfo.mdl.kr  MKUFWKB FOWCBCMWSKB

 

COWDOMC], COWD MC], UCO UCO]Æ: ]Æ: OSOMK HC PF ]WD  SO HDLN^C HDLN^C LK] PF PD qSC C]W C]WC UD^ JD J D]Æ UKNBD UKNBD @C @CFF OLKOO

Od crk bcjds. Co lcods gc mfomd lfoutds cstënklds kbbì. Kotdofd, k tdgks vfstks urafgd, knrfý bk pucrtk y sc nkjý mdo bk rcodbctk tdgkvìk co ldvflfcotd. Afrý bcvclcotc, lc lfrý y lc hfzd uo vkad acstd mdo su lkod gcrcmhk. V gfjd: "Wc vcd kgcotrd". Bk rcodbctk sc gctuvd y yd tklnfæo tkln fæo nk nkjæ. jæ. So mdlpkûcrd --cc b quc hkn hknìk mdo mdogumfgd, gumfgd, mrcd- lc gfjd: "]cauflc". V ksì cotræ co bk mksk gc bds lcmëof mds. Ksì cotræ co bk mksk gc bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb. Wdgd tcoìk pkrk lì cb cspbcogdr gc bd focspcrkgd, gc bd oucvd. Cb mdrkzýo lc bktìk mdo lumhk `ucrzk, sus adbpcs crko fomcskotcs. Knruptklcotc pcosæ: sdo mdld bds gc uo tflnkb quc kouomfk arkogcs sumcsds.

Jdho Q. Md Mddic dic

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Kbbì, co csk mksk, co bk mksk gc bds lcmëofmds, co bk mksk gc bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, cstknk ^coæ ^u`fod ]kbklkomk. V mdo æb, quæ gugk pdgìk mkncr, cstknk Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic. Kbbì, cotdomcs, cstknk bk Hfstdrfk. Cotræ. Mukogd pdr `fo comd comdotræ otræ uo buakr co bk lcsk kgvcrtì quc lc l c hkbbkn hkbbknk k bcjds gc ]kbklkomk, bcjds gc Mddic, Od dnstkotc, pdgìk, mdo kbaúo cs`ucrzd, csmumhkrbds. Bds mdlpkûcrds hknìko trkìgd vfod gc gklkjukok y clpkokgks. Mddic mdlìk y hknbknk k bk vcz. V bks gds mdsks, knuogkotclcotc. Uksknk mdo æb csd quc pksk mdo bds adr gds: sc bds vc lës adrgds mu mukogd kogd mdlco. Ucrd bk adrgurk gc Mddic od crk bk gc mukbqufcr adrgd. Crk bk gc Mddic. [ufcrd gcmfr: sflnd bfzknk tdgd mukotd hknìksus co æb gc cxuncrkotc, gc gcslcsurkgd. Bd coadrgknko sus ¡fgcks, mdovfmmfdocs fomdotcofnbcs, sus pksfd ocs. Khdrk, uo hfbd gc kmcftc gcosd, klkrfbbcotd, sc gcsbfzknk gcsgc sus bknfds hkstk pcrgcr pcr gcrsc sc ccotrc otrc su nkrnk. nkrnk. Cotdomc Cotdomcs, s, rcmucrgd, pcosæ: ouomk hc vfstd k uo hdlnrc hdl nrc lës lë s vfvd quc æstc. Kbauoks `rkscs lc ¡bbcaknko. Od tdgks, pcrd, mrcd, bks su`fmfco tcs. ]kbklkomk bc gcmìk Adrgd k Mddic, mdld bc gcmìko ¡sus klf ads y tklnfæo mdld, cotrc cbbds, bc gcmìko bds lfbftkotcs. Mddic bc gcmìk ]kbklkomk k ]kbklkomk, od bc gcmìk ^coæ of ¡^u`fod, bc gcmìk ]kbklkomk. V, mdo `rcmucomfk, bds gds sc gcmìko 'mdlpkûcrd.  ]fo clnkrad., pcsc k quc ]kbklkomk bc gcmìk Adrgd s 'Mdd  'Mddic ic y ppcsc csc k quc Mddic bc gcmìk ]kbklkomk k ]k ]kbklk bklkomk: omk:,, crk Mddic qu qufco fco lës hknbknk,, crk Mddic qufco nkjknk bìock,, crk Mddic qufco pkrcmìk trktkr, gfa gfakld klds, s, pkt pktcro crokbl kblco cotc tc k ]kbk ]kbklko lkomk. mk. V od crk ¡m ¡mk ksukb: Mddic tcoìk uok vkstk hfstdrfk k sus cspkbgks.. Hknìk sfgd gfputkgd nkjd æb adnfc adnfcrod rod gc Ucrýo, hknì hknìkk sfgd sfg d fotcr fotcrvco vcotdr tdr gæb Ukrtfg Ukrtfgdd Just Justfmfkfmfkbfstk bfstk cco o æb týrrfgd lcs lc s gc ¡uofý gc ;6 ;633 33,, mukogd æb adnfcrod pcrdofstk crk gcspcgkzkgd pdr bk rckmmfýo ‘dbfaërqufmk, hknìk sfgd rcprcsco tkotc gc Ucrý Ucrýoo gurko gurkotc tc bds prfl prflcrds crds kûds gc cx cxfbfd fbfd gcb acocr acocrkb, kb,

FN

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

hknìk trklkgd cb pkmtd Ucrýo-@rdogfzf, hknìk cstkgd co Munk, mdo @fgcb, hknìk sfgd klfad gcb Mhc, y khdrk cstknk kquì, co bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, co bk mksk gc bds lcmëofmds, y hknbknk mdo ^coæ ^u`fod ]kbklkomk, yy cxugknk mdlìk clpkokgks, y sc ncnìk csc vfod dsmurd gc gklkjukok, vfgk. V cotdo co tdomc mcss ]kbklkomk (pdrquc kquì cstkl ds, ´o ´od4 d4:: mdo Mddic y ]kbklkomk hknbkogd, gfmfæogdsc `rkscs quc k vcmcs bbc ako k lfs dìgds, y k vcmcs od), mdld sf kouomfkrk bk lës lcgftkgk gc sus `rkscs, cb lës hdogd gc sus mucstfdoklfcotds, bc sfrvfý k Mddic uo knuogdsd vksd gc vfod, tko knuogdsd quc gcjý vkmìk bk gklkjukok, y quc hfzd gc cstk gklkjukok vkmìk uo sìlndbd: cb gc uok mdovcrskmfýo quc bbcak k sus fostkotcs mublfokotcs, `fokbcs, quc kadtk su kbmdhdb, quc cxtrclk, mdosulfæogdbd, su `ucad. "Lfrë, Adrgd", gfjd ]kbklkomk, "cb prdnbclk cs æstc: bds dnrcrds sdo pcrd ofstks, pcrd cb pcrdofsld od cs dnrcrd". Bucad gc bd mukb, cs gcmfr, uok vcz dìgk cstk `rksc, Mddic sc bbcvý k bds bknfds cb knuogdsd vksd gc vfod quc ]kbklkomk bc hknìk scrvfgd y sc bd ncnfý hkstk lës kbbë gc bk lftkg. Cb sfbcomfd, scaúo sucbc gcmfrsc, pdgìk mdrtkrsc gc uo tkjd, kbbì, co bk mksk gc bds lcmëofmds, co bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, tkotk crk oucstrk cxpcmtkmfýo. Mddic kpdyý mdo `ucrzk cb vksd gc vfod sdnrc bk klpbfk lcsk y bc cmhý uok lfrkgk rëpfgk kb `bkmd Lkrflýo, mdld sf gfjcrk: "´Gurkotc muëotd tfclpd tc pco skstc cstk `rksc, pfnc4". V pdr `fo gfjd, lfrëogdbd k ]kbklkomk gfjd: "]f cb pcrdofsld `ucrk dnrcrd mdld bds dnrcrds sdo pcrdofstks, bk rcvdbumfýo bk hkrìklds lkûkok lfsld". "V sì, mbkrd", gfjd ]kbk lkomk. V kpdyý uo mdgd sdnrc bk lcsk y tklnfæo kpdyý su rdstrd sdnrc su lkod gcrcmhk. Ksì, sc kmkrfmfý rc`bcxfvklcotc uok nkrnk hfrsutk quc bc hknìk mrcmfgd gurkotc cb gìk. Cotdomcs gfjd: "Wcoclds quc mdogumfrë bk mbksc dnrcrk kb comucotrd mdo su prd pfk fgcdbdaìk, mdlpkûcrd. [uc od cs cb pcrdofsld". "Cstës cquf vdmkgd", gfjd Mddic mdo uok mdovfmmfýo mksf tkoafnbc. "Csd cs

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

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pdocrsc k`ucrk gc bds dnrcrds. Csd Csd cs hkmcr vkoaukrgfs vkoaukrgfsld ld fgcdbý afmd, ]kbklkomk. ^cmdrgæ bd quc kmdoscjknk cb nkrnctk Bcofo: hky quc pkrtfr gcb cstkgd gc mdomfcomfk gc bks lksks. ´Cstë mbkrd, od4 Bk fgcotfgkg gc bds dnrcrds cs cbgfjd pcrdofsld. Od cstkr khì, cs pdbìtfmk cstkr k`ucrk". "Nucod,kracotfods mdlpkûcrd", ]kbklkomk, "cotdomcs odsdtrds cstklds k`ucrk. K`ucrk gcb pcrdofsld y sdnrc tdgd k`ucrk gc bk mdogummfýo gc Ucrýo". Mddic sdorfý cotrc kbcarc y skrmëstfmd. Kakrrý Ka krrý cb vksd gc vfod, quc yk od crk crk knuogdsd, pucs pucs,, scaúo hc gfmhd, sc bd hknìk ncnfgd hkstk lës kbbë gc bk lftkg, sc bd bbcvý k bds bknfds y khdrk sc bd ncnfý hkstk bk úbtflk adtk. Dtrk vcz bd kpdyý mdo `ucrzk sdnrc bk lcsk y gfjd: "Od hky mksd cotrc ustcgcs y Ucrýo, ´ch4 Mýld bcs jdgc, mhc. 'Ndokpkrtfstk'. 'Okmfd okbfstk nurauæs'. D sf od, bd pcdr: '`ksmfstk'. ]ì, yk sæ. Pds od bc gcmìs '`ksmfstk', ]kbklkomk. ]ds lës sutfb quc csd". Bd scûkbý kb `bkmd Lkrflýo Lkrfl ýo y kûk kûkgfý gfý:: "Wu kscsdr tklnfæo. Bd gc '`k '`ksmfs smfstk' tk' sc bd gcjk gcjko o k bk gcrcmhk. Kb gfkrfd gc bds Lftrc. Sstcgcs sdo gf`crcotcs. Od gfmco '`ksmfstk'. Ucrd gfmco bd quc yk gfjc, ´od4 'Ndokpkrtfstk'. 'Okmfdokbfstk nurauæs'. Gfstfotks `drlks gc gcmfr bk lfslk mdsk, ]kbklkomk. [uc Ucrýo od rcprcscotk bds vcrgkgcrds fotcrcscs gc bk mbksc dnrcrk. [uc bk mbksc dnrcrk kracotfok tfcoc uo bìgcr y uok fgcdbdaìk nuraucscs. Nucod, lfrë, csmúmhklc nfco". Cotdomcs Mddic kpdyý sus gds mdgds sdnrc bk lcsk, uofý sus lkods `dr lkogd uok mkpfbbk y, sdnrc cbbks, sdnrc csks lkods gc gcgds adrgds pcrd `ucrtcs, scaúo bd hc gfmhd, lkmfzds, kpdyý su nkrnk y cb lcotýo. Mrækolcbd, fosfstd: khdrk, cb sfbcomfd, tdgkvìk lës quc kotcs, pdgìk, scaúo sucbc gcmfrsc, mdrtkrsc gc uo tkjd. Cotdo mcs Mddic gfjd: "Lc mkad co Ucrýo, ]kbklkomk". Kakrrý gc oucvd su vksd vksd,, bd adbpcý mdotrk bk lcsk gds d trcs vcmcs vcmc s y gfj gfjd: d: "Lës "L ës vfod kquì". Kbaufco hfzd kpkrcmcr uok vcbdz gklkjukok y bc bbcokrdo cb vksd hkstk cb ndrgc. Mddic sc tdlý uo nuco trkad, kpdyý dtrk vcz cb vksd sdnrc bk klpbfk lcsk, lfrý `fjklcotc k ]kbklkomk y gfjd:

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Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

"Od sæ sf hc sfgd mbkrd, mdlpkûcrd". ]kbklkomk sc kgucûý gc bk gklkjukok y sc sfrvfý vfod. Od ncnfý, pcrd bkozý uok rfsk focspc rkgk y sdodrk. ]únftklcotc kbfvfkgds, tdgds rcìlds mdo æb. ´Od crk kmksd lkrkvfbbdsd dìrbc gcmfr k Mddic "Lc mkad co Ucrýo"4 ´Hkstk gýogc bbcakrìk bk dskgìk tcýrfmk gc csc hdlnrc cxmcpmfdokb4 Udr quc okgfc gcjý gæ cotcogcrbd: "Lc mkad co Ucrýo" od crk uo fosubtd. Crk uok k`frlkmfýo tcýrfmk. Od sæ sf lc cotfcogco. Co bknfds gc Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, csd, Lc mkad co Ucrýo, crk uok vkbfdsk k`fr lkmfýo tcýrfmk, gc bk mukb odsdtrds, kbbì, co bk mksk gc bds lcmëof mds, co bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, kmknënklds gc scr bds k`drtuokgds tcstfads. Gc kquì bk rfsk focspcrkgk y sdodrk gc ]kbklkomk. Gc kquì oucstrk prdpfk rfsk9 [uc vdbvfý k cstkbbkr y quc cstk vcz od sýbd `uc kbcarc y sdodrk sfod tklnfæ tklnfæoo ldrgkz mukogd ]kbklk ]kbklkomk omk gfjd: gfjd: "O "Ods dsd d trds tklnfæo, Adrgd. Odsdtrds tklnfæo ods mkaklds co Ucrýo". V bucad, mukogd sc hunfcrdo sdscakgd oucstrks rfsks, kûkgfý: "Ukrcmc quc cstklds cs tklds lës gc kmucrgd gc bd quc mrcìklds". mrcìkld s". Bd mu mukb kb od `uc kmcptkgd pdr Mddic, yk quc gfjd: "Od, mdlpkûcrd. Od cstk lds gc kmucrgd. Udrquc ustcgcs sc mkako co Ucrýo gc uok lkocrk y yd y bds pcrdofstks mdld yd gc dtrk. Udrquc, pkrk ustcgcs, mdlpkûcrd, mkakrsc co Ucrýo cs qucgkrsc k`ucrk. K`ucrk gc Ucrýo y gc bk fgcotfgkg pdbìtfmk gcb prdbctkrfkgd. Lfcotrks quc pkrk odsd trds, mkakrods co Ucrýo, cs rcmhkzkr bk dnscmucomfk y bk kgubdocrìk gc bds nurýmrktks gcb pcrdofsld. Cs rcmdodmcr cb bfgcrkzad gc Ucrýo, pcrd od sdlctcrods lkosklcotc k su mdogummfýo cstrktæ afmk. Ukrk odsdtrds, ]kbklkomk, pkrk lì y pkrk bds pcrdofstks mdld yd, pkrk bds pcrdofstks rcvdbumfdokrfds, mkakrods co Ucrýo cs mrckrbc hcmhds pdbìtfmds k Ucrýo, kuo kb lkraco gc su vdbuotkg d gcb quc sck su prdpfd prdycmtd. Ukrk odsdtrds, ]kbklkomk, pkrk lì y pkrk bds pcrdofstks mdld m dld yd, pk pkrk rk bds pcrdofstks rcvdbumfdokrfds, mkakrods co Ucrýo cs mrccr y skncr quc cb cb pcrdof p crdofsld sld cs lës quc Ucrýo. [uc Ucrýo cs cb bìgcr gc bds trknkjkgdrcs kracotfods, pcrd quc odsdtrds,

Jdho Q. Mddic

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bds lfbftkotcs gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk, tcoclds quc hkmcr gcb pcrdofsld uo ldvflfcotd rcvdbumfdokrfd. Gc cxtrclk fzqufcrgk. V tcoclds quc hkmcrbd bc austc d od bc austc k Ucrýo. Udrquc sf bd hkmclds, mdlpkûcrd, k Ucrýo bc vk k austkr. Udrquc Ucrýo cs uo cstrktcak y uo cstrktcak trknkjk mdo bk rckbfgkg. ´Cotcogæs, ]kbklkomk4 V odsdtrds bc vklds k mrckr bk rckbfgkg k Ucrýo. Sok rckbfgkg quc, lës kbbë gc sus prdpfks mdovfmmfdocs quc sdo luy gf`ìmfbcs gc mdodmcr, Ucrýo vk k tcocr quc kmcptkr. Udrquc Ucrýo, ]kbklkomk, yk od sc pcrtcocmc. [ufcrd gcmfr: bd quc od bc pcrtc ocmc cs cb scotfgd pdbìtfmd úbtfld quc tfcoc co oucstrk hfstdrfk. Udrquc Ucrýo, ]kbklkomk, vk k tcocr quc kmcptkr bd quc rckblcotc cs, bd quc cb pucnbd hfzd gc æb: cb bìgcr gc bk rcvdbumfýo okmfdokb y sdmfkb co bk Kracotfok. Æsk cs, cotdomcs, mdlpkûcrd, co sulk, lf lkocrk gc mkakrlc co Ucrýo". V mukogd Mddic hund gfmhd cstd, mukogd Mddic hund tcrlfokgd gc bkrakrsc csk pkrrk`kgk, cb sfbco mfd, kbbì, co bk mksk gc bds lcmëofmds, co bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, crk dtrk vcz mdld yk hc gfmhd quc crk, cs gcmfr, cb sfbcomfd, khdrk, dtrk vcz, pdgìk mdrtkrsc gc uo tkjd. Mddic rcspfrý hdogd, nusmkogd uo kfrc quc ocmcsftknk bucad gc tdgks csks pkbknrks quc bc hknìk krrd  jkgd k ]kbklkomk, sc rcm rcmds dstý tý pcs pcskgk kgklc lcotc otc sdnrc su sfbbk, mruzý sus nrkzds sdnrc su kngdlco y sc qucgý ksì, trkoqufbd, mdld co rcpdsd, lfrëogdbd `fjd k ]kbklkomk, k bk cspcrk. Cb `bkmd Lkrflýo hknìk kpkrtkgd gcmfr,cbyk od sc bd sc vcìk fombfokgd sdnrcbcvclcotc cb bìgcr gcgcbds]kbklkomk, lcmëofmds,cssdnrc hdl nrc quc pdscìk cb gdo gc ktrkcr bks vfnrkmfdocs y mdovcrtfrbks co kmdotcmflfcotds, sdnrc ^coæ ^u`fod ]kbklkomk, sfod quc, tkb mdld bd hc gfmhd, khdrk sc bd vcìk kpkrtkgd, d, qufzë, lës prcmfsklcotc, sc bd vcìk lës fombfokgd sdnrc Mddic quc sdnrc ]kbklkomk, pucs bd lfrknk mdo uok `ksmfokmfýo quc sc bc kgfvfoknk pcsc k sus kotcdjds gcosds y mdo uok sdorfsk quc crk mksf uok arktftug, uo rcmdodmflfcotd hdogd, vcrgkgcrd, y quc sc knrìk cspkmfd cotrc su

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Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

nkrnk nfco rcmdrtkgk pcrd cspcsk gc fgcýbdad mdrgdnæs y rcvdbu mfdokrfd. V cotdomcs ]kbklkomk tkjcý cb sfbcomfd pdrquc gfjd: "Lfrk, Adrgd, kuoquc vds tc mkaucs co Ucrýo gc uok lkocrk y odsdtrds gc dtrk,y yd sæ quc cobkgd bk lfslk trfomhcrk". Hfzd uokCotdo nrcvc pkusk kûkgfý: "Cocstklds cb lfsld gc bk bumhk, mdlpkûcrd". mcs kbaufco tkjcý gc`foftfvklcotc cb sfbcomfd y arftý:" ¡Pfvk cb mdl pkûcrd Mddic!". V dtrd arftý: "¡Pfvk cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd!". V uo adrgd codrlc, lumhd lës kbtd y lës adrgd quc Mddic, uo lcmëofmd, uo hdlnrc gc bk mksk gc bk mkbbc >1 gc Knrfb, uo ldrd mhd k qufco tdgds, mdhcrcotclcotc, bc gcmìko ocard, uo ldrdmhd quc sc bbklknk mdld ]kbklkomk, pcrd od ^coæ, sfod ^u`fod, cs gcmfr, quc tcoìk cb lës sdodrd y cb lës vfrfb gc bds gds odlnrcs gc ]kbklkomk, cb ocard ^u`fod, cotdomcs, sc trcpý k uok sfbbk mdo uok kafbfgkg quc co æb crk uo gcsktfod, cbcvý su nrkzd, mcrrý su puûd, bd hfzd afrkr vcrtfafodsklcotc y mdo tdgk su kblk arftý: "¡Pfvk Ucrýo, mkrkjd!".

Cb tcxtd quc q uc Jdsæ Uknbd Uknbd @cfolkoo kutdrfzý k rcprdgumf rcprdgumfrr kquì cs uo cxtrkmtd cxtrkmt d gc su odvcbk 

Bk kstumfk gc bk rkzýo, quc punbfmkrk Cgftdrfkb Odrlk.

Jdho Q. Mddic

;3

 

Cb acocrkb Juko G dlfoad Ucr Ucrýo ýo -co bk flkaco, juo td k su vfmcprcsfgcotc vfmcprcsfgcotc   Hdrtcosfd [ ufjko d- kb fofmfkr su prflcrk prcsfgcomfk: crk crko o bds prflcrd s pksds pksds  gcb ldvfl fcotd pcrdofstk.

 

MKUF WSBD SOD OKMC C CB B UC^DO DOFF ]LD Cb ;1 gc dmtunrc gc ;673 mklnfý cb mursd gc bk hfstdrfk  kracotfok. Mdo bk gcmkgcomfk gcb ldgcbd kardcxpdrtkgdr   okmìk uok cmdodlìk sdstcofgk co bk fogustrfk bfvfkok y cb   `drtkbcmflfcotd gcb lcrmkgd fotcrod. Cb pcrdofsld sfcotk  bks nkscs gc uok sdmfcgkg gfstfotk, mdo uo prdarklk   cmdoýlfmd cmdoýlf md quc q uc kpuotk kpuotk k bk sustftumf sustftumfýo ýo gc flpd flpdrtkmfdocs rtkmfdocs   y mdo bk `f`frl rl c gc gcmfsfýo mfsfýo pdbì pdbìtfmk tfmk gc bdarkr k kutd utdodl odlìk ìk  rcspcmtd gc bks pdtcomfks cxtrkojcrks y gc fomdrpdrkr   kb ldvflfcotd dnrcrd drakofzkgd mdld kmtdr prfomfpkb   gc bk vfgk okmfdokb. ]f nfco csc adnfcrod gurý gfcz     kûds, bks sfaufcotcs gæmkgks cstuvfcrdo sfaokgks pdr  cb `coýlcod pdbìtfmd bfgcrkgd pdr cb Acocrkb Ucrýo. Ucsc kb adbpc gc scptfclnrc gc ;633 y bk prdsmrfpmfýo   gc ;8 kûds, cb cx prcsfgcotc od gcjý gc scr uo rc`crcotc   flprcsmfogfnbc. Ucrýo od pdgìk adncrokr, pcrd   cb pkìs sfo æb crk foadncroknbc.

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

;1

 

Mdo bk dsmurfgkg gc bk odmhc hknìk bbcakgd cb vfcotd `rcsmd gcb rìd. Bk lubtftug co bk Ubkzk gc Lkyd nrklknk mdld uo koflkb skbvkjc. ]u arftd crk ktrdokgdr: "[ucrclds k Ucrýo / [ucrclds k Ucrýo". K hdlnrc skbfýprd`uogd kb nkbmýo,ykpcoks kbulnrkgd pdrbksbk cstrd tìsfmk buzbksgc>=:=5, uods cb `dmds, rcspfrý mdlcozý k cotdokr `ks gcb Hflod Okmfdokb. Bucad knrfý bds nrkzds c fofmfý su gfsmursd mdo uok pkbknrk ("Mdlpkûcrds"), y mdotfouý: " Hkmc mksf gds kûds, gcsgc cstds lfslds nkbmdocs, gfjc quc tcoìk trcs hdorks: bk gc scr sdbgkgd, bk gc scr uo pktrfdtk y bk gc scr cb prflcr trknkjkgdr kracotfod. Hdy k bk tkrgc, cb Udgcr Cjcmutfvd hk `frlkgd lf sdbfmftug gc rctfrd gcb Cjærmftd. Mdo cbbd hc rcouomfkgd vdbuotkr vdbu otkrfkl fklcotc cotc kb fosfaoc hdodr k quc pugc sca scaufr ufr ksp kspfrkogd frkogd:: bbca bbcakr kr k scr uo sdbgkgd gc bk Okmfýo. [ufcrd scaufr sfcogd cb mdrdocb Ucrýo y d`rcmcrlc kb pucnbd mdo csc odlnrc. Aukrgd khdrk lf hdordsd uof`drlc, quc lc cotrcaý bk pktrfk, pkrk vcstfrìk mkskmk gc mfvfb, pkrk rcstkurkrlc mdo csk lksk sugdrdsk y su`rfcotc quc cbkndrk bk arkogczk gc bk pktrfk. Mdo cstd gdy lf knrkzd `fokb, gc cstc ldgd, k csc lkaoì`fmd puotkb gc bk pktrfk quc cs cb Cjærmftd. V gdy lf prf lcr knrkzd k cstk arkogfdsk lkof`cstkmfýo quc rcprcscotk lfs scotflfcotds hkmfk bk lksk, k bk sdbfgkrfgkg gcb pucnbd kracotfod... Cstk cs bk vcrgkgcrk `fcstk gc bk gcldmrkmfk, rcprcscotkgk pdr uo pucnbd quc lkrmhý hdrks y hdrks k pfc pkrk pcgfr k sus `uomfdokrfds quc mulpbfcrko mdo su gcncr... Hkmc gds kûds pcgì mdo`fkozk. Lc gfjcrdo gc csc pucnbd, ëb mukb yd skmrf`fmknk tdgks lfs hdrks gc sucûd y gc trknkjd, quc hknrìk gc trkfmfdokrlc. [uc scpko hdy bds fogfa ods `krskotcs quc csc pucnbd od coak coakûk ûk k ok okgfc gfc,, quc oodd trkfmfdok... @fokblcotc, rcmucrgco quc cstdy uo pdmd co`crld y `ktfakgd, ocmc sftd uo gcsmkosd quc tdlkræ td lkræ co Mhunut pk pkrk rk rcpdocr `ucrzks y bumhk bumhkrr mdgd k mdgd mdo ustcgcs hkstk mkcr cxhkustd sf `ucrk prcmfsd". Bk pbkzk cstkbbý co uo skbugd `fokb y bk lubtftug `uc gcsmdomcotrëo gdsc gc k pdmd. Co csk pbkzk cstknko bds clpbckgds gc mdlcrmfd, bks

;8

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

`knrfqucrks, bds dnrcrds gcb mdournkod, bds mkncmftks ocarks gcb fotc rfdr, bds gcsmklfskgds, bds quc hknìko lctfgd bks pktks co bk `ucotc, bds trknkjkgdrcs, bds lfbftkotcs pdbìtfmds, bds gcbcakgds arclfkbcs, tdgds kqucbbds hdlnrcs y lujcrcs gc bds scmtdrcs pdpubkrcs quc sc hknìko ldvfbfzkgd rcmbklkogd dìgds pkrk sus rcmbklds. V kbbì, cotrc csk lksk gcsdrakofzkgk, cstknk æb: Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, csc mdrpubcotd lfbftkotc rkgfmkb quc kûds gcspuæs sc mdovcrtfrìk co cb pkgrc fogfsmutfnbc gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk. Cb ;1 gc dmtunrc gc ;673 `uc uok nfskark cotrc gds Kracotfoks. ]fo clnkrad, bds mklnfds yk sc prckouomfknko gcsgc cb fofmfd gc csk gæmkgk. Cb ldgcbd cmdoýlfmd kardcxpdrtkgdr-quc hknìk sdstcofgd cb ræaflco dbfaërqufmd gcsgc bk ksuomfýo mdld prcsfgcotc gcb acocrkb Nkrtdbdlæ Lftrc co ;80> hkstk bk prflcrk prcsfgcomfk gcb bìgcr rkgfmkb Hfpýbftd Vrfadyco co ;6;0- cstknk gc`f oftfvklcotc kadtkgd y bks prëmtfmks pdbìtfmks mdld cb mbfcotcbfsld y cb `rkugc cbcmtdrkb hknìko pcrgfgd bcaftflfgkg, fombusd cotrc bk prdpfk cbftc gdlfokotc. Bk mrfsfs gc`foftfvk sc gcsktý k prfomfpfds gc ;67= mukogd cb pdr cotdomcs prcsfgcotc ^klýo Mkstfbbd kouomfý su vdbuotkg gc flpd ocr mdld su sumcsdr kb mkogfgktd mdoscrvkgdr ^dnustfkod Uktrýo Mdstks, pdofcogd co lkrmhk bk lkqufokrfk cbcmtdrkb quc `uomfdoknk mdo cb mdlnustfnbc gcb `rkugc. Ucrd uo scmtdr gcb Cjærmftd, co mdo sdokomfk mdopbkocs bk Fabcsfk y mfcrtds scmtdrcs fogustrfkbfstks, gcmfgfcrdo flpcgfr bds prcsfgcomfkbcs. Cb 7 gc juofd gc ;67=, cb acocrkb Krturd ^kwsdo -kpcoks gds gìks gcspuæs gcspbkzkgd pdr cb acocrkb Ucgrd Uknbd ^klìrcz-comknczý uo adbpc gc mdrtc okmfdokbfstk quc tcrlfoý mdo bk hcacldoìk gc bds mdoscrvkgdrcs co cb pdgcr. ]f nfco co uo prflcr ldlcotd cb adnfcrod gc `kmtd pkrcmfý clpkrcotkgd pdr ssuu tdod kutdrftkrfd kkbb ldvfl l dvflfcotd fcotd quc co scptfcl scp tfclnrc nrc gc ;6=5 comknc comknczkrk zkrk cb cb acocrkb Jdsæ @æbfx @æbfx Srfnuru, bk gfoëlfmk pdbìtfmk crk mdlpbctklcotc gf`crcotc.

Jdho Q. Mddic

;6

 

Bk ]cauogk Aucrrk Luogfkb gfvfgìk k bk sdmfcgkg kracotfok cotrc kffkgý`fbds, ocutrkbfstks -cotrc bds quc hknìk prdokzfs, prdkbfkgds y prkalëtfmds-y sflpktfzkotcs gcb Cjc. V co cb scod gcb Cjærmftd prdotd tdlý `ucrzk cb Arupd gc quc D`fmfkbcs (ADS), uok bdafk mdostf tufgk co lkrzd gc ;67= tcoìk Sofgds cotrc sus prfomfpkbcs rc`crcotcs kb mdrdocb Juko Gdlfoad Ucrýo. Okmfgd co Bdnds, prdvfomfk gc Nucods Kfrcs, cb 8 gc dmtunrc gc ;863, Ucrýo hknìk foarcskgd co cb Mdbcafd Lfbftkr k bds ;= kûds. Vk sc kmcrmknk k bds 35 y hknìk tcofgd uok vfgk nkstkotc kaftkgk: mdld tcofcotc cstuvd co bk rcprcsfýo gc bds hucbaufstks gurkotc bds hcmhds gc bk ]clkok Wrëafmk, co cocrd gc ;6;6, y uok gæmkgk gcspuæs pkrtfmfpkrìk gcb gcrrdmklfcotd gc Vrfadyco. Mkskgd gcsgc cocrd gc ;6>6 mdo Kurcbfk Wfzýo, hknìk mdodmfgd bds cotrctcbdocs gcb pdgcr co ;6=> mukogd sc gcsclpcûkrk mdld kyugkotc gc mklpd gcb lfofstrd gc Aucrrk, acocrkb Lkoucb ^dgrì aucz, co bk acstfýo prcsfgcomfkb gcb acocrkb Kaustìo U. Justd. K lcgfkgds gc bk gæmkgk gcb =5, Ucrýo vfkjý k Mhfbc co lfsfýo gfpbdlëtfmk, pcrd gcnfý rcarcskr knruptklcotc kb vcrsc fovdbumrkgd co uo csmëogkbd gc cspfdokjc. Cotrc ;6=6 y ;67;, `uc karcakgd lfbftkr co bk Ftkbfk gc Ncoftd Lussdbfof. Fo`bucomfkgd pdr cb okmfdokbfsld mktýbfmd, cb `kbkoafsld cspkûdb y cb `ksmfsld ftkbfkod, pcrd tklnfæo pdr cb sdmfkbfsld y mfcrtd mds ldpdbftfsld bfncrkb, cb pcosklfcotd gc Ucrýo supusd uok klkbaklk co bk quc sc coakrzknko su mdovfmmfýo gc fotcarkr k bds scmtdrcs gcb trknkjd co pkpcbcs prdtkaýofmds y gc prd`uogfzkr cb prdmcsd fogustrfkbfzkgdr trfkbf zkgdr quc vc vcoìk oìk trkos`drlko trkos`drlkogd gd cmdoý c mdoýlfmkl lfmklcotc cotc k Kracotfok pdr csds kûds. Mdo cb adbpc gc ;67= kmmcgfý `fokblcotc kb pucstd gcsgc gdogc flpbcl flp bclco cotd td kbauoks gc sus fgck fgcks: s: bk `bkl `bklkotc kotc ]cmrctkrìk ]cmrctkrìk gc W Wrk rknk nkjd jd y Urcvfsfýo, hkmfcogd kprdnkr uok scrfc gc gcmrctds quc kpuotk nko kb nfcocstkr gc bds trknkjkgdrcs, mdld bks bcycs gc Ksdmfkmfd

>5

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

ocs Urd`csfdokbcs, gc ^cluocrkmfýo, cb Cstktutd gcb Ucýo, cb kauf okbgd, bk jdrokgk gc dmhd hdrks y dtrds ncoc`fmfds sdmfkbcs cxfafgds gcsgc lumhd l umhd tfc tfclp lpdd ktrës pdr sd sdmfkbfs mfkbfstks, tks, kokrqu kokrqufstk fstks, s, md mdluofstks luofstks y sfogfmkbfstks. So kûd gcspuæs, cb acocrkb Cgcblfrd @krrcbb gcspbkzý gc bk Urcsf gcomfk k ^klìrcz y odlnrý k Ucrýo lfofstrd gc Aucrrk y tklnfæo vfmcprcsfgcotc, bd quc acocrý uo prd`uogd lkbcstkr co gfstfotds scmtdrcs gc bk `ucrzk. Dnbfakgd k rcouomfkr k prfomfpfds gc dmtunrc gc ;673, `uc gctcofgd y trksbkgkgd k bk fsbk Lkrtìo Akrmìk, hkstk bk odmhc gcb ;0, co quc `uc trksbkgkgd kb Hdspftkb Lfbftkr. Cb ;1 gc dmtu nrc uok ldvfbfzkmfýo pdpubkr ouomk kotcs vfstk mktkpubtknk k Ucrýo kb mcotrd gc bk csmcok pdbìtfmk, buakr gc gdogc yk od sc ldvcrìk hkstk su lucrtc (;[gc jubfd gc ;617).

Cb hcmhd lkbgftd Cb >7 gc `cnrcrd gc ;670, bk mdkbfmfýo fotcarkgk pdr bk SM^-Juotk ^codvkgdrk y cb Ukrtfgd Bkndrfstk dntuvd bk vfmtdrfk co bks cbcmmfd ocs prcsfgcomfkbcs, mdo cb 30 pdr mfcotd gc bds vdtds mdotrk cb 77 pdr mfcotd bdarkgd pdr bk Sofýo Gcldmrëtfmk gc rkgfmkbcs, sdmfk bfstks, mdluofstks y mdoscrvkgdrcs vkrfds, klpkrkgds pdr cb quc `ucrk, hkstk pdmds lcscs kotcs, clnkjkgdr odrtcklcrf mkod ]prufbbc Nrkgco. Vk kotcs gc ksulfr, Ucrýo gcskrlý cb `rcotc pkrk Ukrtfgd Úofmd gc bk ^cvdbumfýo Okmfdokb, bucad, sfo lës, `drlkr UkrtfgdcbUcrdofstk. Cb 7 gc juofd sc hfzd mkrad gc bk Urcsfgcomfk y cb pkìs mdlcozý k trkosftkr uo mklfod quc yk od pdgrìk scr gcskogkgd. Kb akbdpc gc uo mrcmfcotc kutdrftkrfsld y uok `ucrtc mcotrkbfzkmfýo nurdmrëtfmk, bds gds adnfcrods pcrdofstks (;670-;63> y ;63>-;633) trkos`drlkrdo rkgfmkblcotc bk cstrumturk cmdoýlfmk y sdmfkb, lutkmfýo quc `uc mdrdokgk pdr bk skomfýo gc bk mdostftumfýo gc ;676, prflcrk mkrtk lkaok quc csmkpknk gc bk lktrfz bfncrkb flpucstk co ;83=.

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

>;

 

Bks mkrkmtcrìstfmks mcotrkbcs gc csk pdbìtfmk sdo uo ldgcbd cstktkb gc mrcmfcotc fogustrfkbfzkmfýo, quc prd`uogfzý cb prdmcsd gc sustftumfýo gc flpdrtkmfdocs, uo oucvd gfrcmmfdokl gfrcmmfdoklfcotd fcotd gc-b gc-bk k prdgummfýo gcsgc bds scmtdrcs gcb kard hkmfk bk fogustrfk bfvfkok, sdnrc tdgd k trkvæs gcb Fostftutd Kracotfod pkrk bk Urdldmfýo y cb Fotcr mklnfd (FKUF), bks okmfdokbfzkmfdocs gc clprcsks púnbfmks y uok rcgfstrfnumfýo gcb foarcsd quc gfvfgfý co pkrtcs faukbcs bk rcotk okmfd okb cotrc cb trknkjd y cb mkpftkb, bd quc prdgujd uo lcjdrklfcotd gc bks mdogfmfdocs gc bds scmtdrcs pdpubkrcs ouomk kotcs vfstd. Bk trkos`drlkmfýo pdbìtfmk lës flpdrtkotc `uc bk fomdrpdrkmfýo gcb ldvflfc ldv flfcotd otd dnrcrd drako drakofzkgd fzkgd mdld kmtdr bcaftflkgd co bk lcsk lcsk gc ocadmfkmfdocs gc bds arupds gc fotcræs. Cb pcrdofsld, co gc`foftfvk, mdo su fgck gc bk Mdluofgkg Drakofzkgk, qucgý k lftkg gc mklfod cotrc bk Gdmtrfok ]dmfkb gc bk Fabcsfk, cb Cstkgd gc Nfcocstkr gc bks gcldmrkmfks curdpcks rcc gf`fmkgks mdo bk kyugk gcb Ubko Lkrshkbb y cb Cstkgd Mdrpdrktfvfstk gcb `ksmfsld ftkbfkod. Cb prflcr adnfcrod, cotrc ;670 y ;63>, sc mkrkmtcrfzý pdr cb mrc mflfcotd cmdoýlfmd, bk rcgfstrfnumfýo y cb prdarcsfvd mdotrdb gc bks fostftumfdocs pdr pkrtc gcb adnfcrod, mdld cb kvkomc sdnrc bk Mdrtc ]uprclk gc Justfmfk, cb knusd gc bk `faurk gc bk fotcrvcomfýo `cgc rkb k prdvfomfks gìsmdbks -`ucrdo qufomc bks fotcrvcomfdocs-, bk nurdmrktfzkmfýo tdtkb gcb Mdoarcsd y, pdrgc úbtfld, bk gc skomfýo uok oucvk Mdostftumfýo Okmfdokb (co lkrzd ;676) mdrtcgc faukbftkrfstk, quc akrkotfzknk bds gcrcmhds sdmfkbcs, bk fotcrvcomfýo gcb Cstkgd y bk prdpfcgkg okmfdokb gc bds rcmursds. Co bk mdbulok gcb hkncr gcb adnfcrod pcrdofstk `faurk bk mdos trummfýo gc dmhd lfb csmucbks co oucvc kûds y bk rcgummfýo gcb kokb `knctfsld kb = pdr mfcotd co tdgd cb pkìs, bk cgf`fmkmfýo gc 355 lfb vfvfcogks, bk mrckmfýo gc bds trfnuokbcs gcb trknkjd, bks bcycs dnrcrks y bk klpbfkmfýo gcb sf sfstcl stclkk junfbktdrfd, bk mcotrkb úofm úofmkk gc trknkjkgdrcs

>>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

y bk pkrtfmfpkmfýo gc gcbcakgds sfogfmkbcs mdld gfputkgds y scokgdrcs, y tklnfæo mdld karcakgds dnrcrds co bks clnkjkgks kracotfoks co cb luogd. Cstc prflcr pcrìdgd `uc kmdlpkûkgd pdr lubtftugfokrfks ldvfbf zkmfdocs pdpubkrcs pkrk mcbcnrkr cb Gìk gæb Wrknkjkgdr-cb ;[gc lkydd cb Gìk gc bk Bckbtkg -tdgds bds ;1 gc dmtunrc-. V mdo bk dlofprc scotc `faurk gc Cvk Ucrýo quc, mdld prcsfgcotk gc bk `uogkmfýo comkrakgk comkra kgk gc bk ksfstcomfk sdmfkb pkrk pkrk bds scmtdrcs scmt drcs hulfbgcs hulfbgcs,, mulpbìk uo pkpcb gc k`fkozklfcotd gcb bfgcrkzad lktrfldofkb. Ucrd cb mbflk pdbìtfmd mdlcozý k mkbgckrsc co ;635, k rkìz gc uok mkìgk gc bds prcmfds fotcrokmfdokbcs gc bds prdgumtds kardpc mukrfds y gcb mrcmfcotc prdtcmmfdofsld gc bds pkìscs mcotrkbcs rcs pcmtd pcm td gc sus cmdodlì cmdodlìks ks okmfdokbcs. Bk mrfsf mrfsfss gc ‘‘bk bk nkbko nkbkozk zk mdlcrmfkb rcpcrmutfý co bk cmdodlìk y sc csmumhkrdo bds prflcrds pbkotcds arclfkbcs. So kûd gcspuæs, co scptfclnrc gcb 3;, bk sftukmfýo pdbì tfmk gfd pfc kb kb prfl prflcr cr fo fotco tcotd td aadbpfstk, dbpfstk, bbcvkgd k mknd pd pdrr cb acocrkb acocrkb Ncojklìo Lcoæogcz. Cb `fo gc csc prflcr lkogktd sc vfd dpkmkgd pdr bk fotcrok sdnrc bk mkogfgkturk k vfmcprcsfgcotk gc Cvftk, skndtckgk pdr uo scmtdr gcb Cjærmftd quc bc flpusd k Ucrýo su mcrrkgk ocaktfvk k quc uok lujcr `faurkrk co bk mkgcok gc sumcsfýo. Co odvfclnrc gc ;63;, mdo cb vdtd `clcofod,, bk `ýrlubk Ucrýo-[ufjkod vdbvfý k kbzkrsc mdo cb adnfcrod pdr ccbb 0> pdr mfc mfcotd otd gc bds vdt vdtds ds mdotrk cb => pdr mfco mfcotd td quc dntuvfcrdo bds rkgfmkbcs ^fmkrgd Nkbnìo y Krturd Nrdogfzf. C:b scauogd scau ogd adnfcrod adnfc rod pcrd pcrdofstk ofstk prëmtfmk prëmtfmklcotc lcotc sc fo fokuaurk kuaurk mdo æb `kbbcmflfcotd gc Cvftk (>0 gc jubfd gc ;63>) y bds `uocrkbcs lës lubtftugfo lubtft ugfokrfds krfds ggcc bk 'hfstdrfk 'hfstdrfk vc vcro roëm ëmub ubk: k::: l lfbcs fbcs y lfb lfbcs cs gc pcrsdoks ¡hfmfc ¡hf mfcrdo rdo gfcz gì gìks ks gc fomcs fomcskotc kotc prdmc prdmcsfýo sfýo pkrk vcr ææbb mkgëvcr l ld dlf `fmkgd gc ¡k Urflcrk Gklk. Cstc hcmhd, sulkgd sulk gd k bk mrf mrfsfs sfs ccmdoýlfmk, mdoýlfmk, lk lkrmý rmý uo gctcrfd gctcrfdrd rd gc bk `drtkbczk auncroklcotkb. Wklnfæo Wklnfæo sc prdgujd uo cogurcmflfcotd cogurc mflfcotd

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

>=

 

gc bks rcbkmfdocs mdo bk dpdsfmfýo y uo rcmdrtc gc bks bfncrtkgcs fogf vfgukbcs y gc prcosk. Cb puotd lëxfld gc mrfspkmfýo sc vfvfý co knrfb gc ;63=, mukogd uo ktcotkgd mrflfokb gurkotc cb gcskrrdbbd gc uok lkof`cstkmfýo co pbcok Ubkzk gcCsk Lkyd krrdjýodmhc uo skbgd gc sfctc lucrtds d`fmfkbfstk y uo mcotcokr gc hcrfgds. lfslk `ucrdo fomcogfkgks bk scgc gcb Jdmicy Mbun, bk sdmfkbfstk Mksk gcb Uucnbd y bk Mksk ^kgfmkb. Co bds gìks quc sfaufcrdo hund gctcomfdocs co lksk cotrc gfrfacotcs dpdsftdrcs. Co odvfclnrc gc ;637, cb adnfcrod sc mdlpbfmý tdgkvìk lës kb co`rcotkrsc gurklcotc mdo bk Fabcsfk Mktýbfmk. Sofgds co uok sýbfgk kbfkozk hkstk ;635, bks rkzdocs gcb gfstkomfklfcotd `ucrdo vkrfks: bks supucstks mdogumtks foldrkbcs gc Ucrýo, bk mrckmfýo, k fostkomfks gc bk Fabcsfk, gcb Ukrtfgd Gclýmrktk Mrfstfkod (rfvkb gcb pcrdofsld), bk mrcmfcotc dpdsfmfýo co scmtdrcs gcb mbcrd y co ldvflfcotds gc bkfmds y bks sflpktìks gc Ucrýo hkmfk arupds cspfrftfstks y cvkoaæbf mds. Co gfmfclnrc, Ucrýo covìd kb Mdoarcsd bks bcycs gc Gfvdrmfd, ]uprcsfýo gc bk coscûkozk rcbfafdsk co bks csmucbks púnbfmks y ]cpkrkmfýo gc bk Fabcsfk y cb Cstkgd, co bd quc `uc uok mdotuogcotc d`cosfvk mdotrk cb Cpfsmdpkgd. Bk juakgk lfoý cb kpdyd quc Ucrýo hknìk bdarkgd tcjcr cotrc bds scmtdrcs okmfdokbfstks y mktýbfmds gcb Cjærmftd, k qufcocs gfsaustý cb oucvd co`rcotklfcotd. Kfsbkgd, cb prcsfgcotc sc rcmdstý úofmklcotc co bds scmtdrcs gcb trknkjd y, gcsgc kbbì, tcogfý pucotcs mdo bk nur aucsìk fogustrfkb, co bk mcbcnrkmfýo gcb Mdoarcsd gc bk Urdgumtfvfgkg. Ucrd yk crk gcl gclks ksfkg fkgdd tkrgc tkrgc.. Cb ;;;; gc ju juofd ofd sc rckb rckbfzý fzý bk lkrmhk lkrmhk gc Mdrpus Mhrfstf, uok flprcsfdokotc gcldstrkmfýo gc `ucrzk gc bk dpdsfmfýo. Kb arftd gc "Mrfstd ^cy" kvkozknko bds lkof`cstkotcs mktýbfmds, y tklnfæo, lës prkalëtfmds, bds mdoscrvkgdrcs, bfnc bfncrkbc rkbcs, s, rkgfmkbcs, sdmfkbfstks y mdluofstks. Mfomd gìks gcspuæs, bds kvfdocs gc bk Lkrfok ndlnkrgcknko bk Ubkzk gc Lkyd co pbcod lcgfdgìk y lktknko k lës gc =55 pcrsdoks.

>7

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Wrks uok jdrokgk gc co`rcotklfcotds, bk rcncbfýo `uc sd`dmkgk pcrd cb adnfcrod qucgý hcrfgd gc lucrtc. Hund uo fotcotd `kbbfgd gc pkmf`fmkmfýo, y bucad Ucrýo rcmrugcmfý bk pfrdtcmofk vcrnkb mdotrk sus coclfads cocl fads co ccbb mæbcnrc gfsmursd gfsm ursd gcb =; gc kadstd: "Bk mdo sfaok pkrk tdgd pcrdofstk cs mdotcstkr k uok kmmfýo vfdbcotk mdo uok vfdbcomfk lkydr. V mukogd uod gc bds oucstrds mkfak mkcrëo mfomd gc bds gc cbbds". Kpcoks ;0 gìks gcspuæs, dtrd adbpc gcldbìk kb adnfcrod y Ucrýo rcouomfknk. Hknìk trfuo`kgd bk kutdgcodlfokgk ^cvdbumfýo Bfncr tkgdrk, quc cotrdofzkrìk -trks uo nrcvc fotcrrcaod gc uo arupd gc okmfdokbfstks bfgcrkgds pdr cb acocrkb Cgukrgd Bdokrgf- k bds scmtd rcs bfncrkb-mdoscrvkgdrcs gcb Cjærmftd y bk Lkrfok, comknczkgds pdr bks bks `faurks gcb acocrkb acocrkb Ucgrd Cuaco Cuacofd fd Krklnuru y cb mdotrkkblfr mdotrkkblfrkotc kotc Fskkm ^djks.

Bk gcldmrkmfk focxfs focxfstcotc tcotc ^ëpfgklcotc `rkmkskgk bk ctkpk mdomfbfkgdrk gc Bdokrgf y su fbu sfýo gc "of vcomcgdrcs of vcomfgds", cb tëogcl Krklnuru-^djks gcmfgfý rc`drzkr bk rcprcsfýo mdotrk cb pcrdofsld: gcstrufgds sus sìl ndbds, prdhfnfgds sus odlnrcs -Ucrýo gcnìk scr odlnrkgd mdld cb "Wfrkod Urý`uad"-, comkrmcbkgds sus gfrfacotcs, cb ldlcotd lës grklëtfmd gc csk vfdbcomfk sc vfvfý co juofd gc ;630 mdo bds `usfbk lfcotds gc bds mkncmfbbks gcb bcvkotklfcotd kotf-gfmtkgurk gcb acocrkb Juko Jdsæ Pkbbc y gc mksf uok vcfotcok gc mfvfbcs co bk Ucoftcomfkrìk Okmfdokb y co bds nksurkbcs gc Jdsæ Bcýo ]uërcz. Cb adnfcrod fotcotý ndrrkr pdr gcmrctd kb pcrdofsld y rctrdtrkcr mdo sus lcgfgks cmdoýlfmks kb pkìs kardcxpdrtkgdr prcvfd. Klnks tkrcks quflærfmks gkgd quc cb luogd yk od crk cb quc `ucrk: bk Auc rrk @rìk sc hknìk fostkbkgd mdld cb prfomfpkb mdo`bfmtd acdpdbìtfmd y Curdpk, co pkrtfmubkr, od fnk k vdbvcr k scr cb arko lcrmkgd pkrk bds prdgumtds prflkrfds kracotfods.

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

>3

 

Kb lfsld tfclpd, co cb prdpfd scod gc bds scmtdrcs gdlfokotcs sc lkof`cstkrdo mdo`bfmtds gc fotcrcscs. So scmtdr flpdrtkotc, bk kbtk nuraucsìk fogustrfkb, sc hknìk corfqucmfgd mdo cb mrcmflfcotd gcb lcrmkgd fotcrod y od cstknk gfspucstk k skmrf`fmkr arktuftklcotc sus ncoc`fmfds k `kvdr gc bds scmtdrcs rurkbcs. Sok Mdovcomfýo Mdostftuycotc, gc bk quc pkrtfmfpkrdo mdoscr vkgdrcs, rkgfmkbcs y sdmfkbfstks, ndrrý gc uo pbulkzd bk Mdostftumfýo gc ;676 y rckgdptý bk gc ;83= mdo kbauoks ldgf`fmkmfdocs, nësfmk lcotc co cb mklpd gc bds gcrcmhds sdmfkbcs. @fokblcotc, cb adnfcrod bbklý k cbcmmfdocs pkrk `cnrcrd gcb 38: co cbbks, trks uo kmucrgd cotrc Ucrýo y Krturd @rdogfzf, æstc sc kbzý mdo cb adnfcrod. Cb pbko gcskrrdbbfstk bbcvkgd kgcbkotc pdr @rdogfzf -kmksd uok gc bks mdotfoukmfdocs cmdoýlfmks býafmks gc bk fogustrfkbfzkmfýo gcb pcrdofsld-`rkmksý pdr vkrfds ldtfvds. Urflcrd, bds kjustcs sdnrc cb scmtdr gcb trknkjd comdotrkrdo su bìlftc co bk kmmfýo gcb ldvflfcotd dnrcrd99 y bucad dnrcrd bucad,, cb cs cstknbfsh tknbfshlco lcott lfbftkr bdarý flpdoc flpdocrr k su lfofstrd gc Cmdodlìk, Kbvkrd Kbsdakrky, quc tklpdmd sc gfstfoauìk pdr su k`ëo prdgumtfvfstk. @rdogfzf -kbfkgd gc bk kbtk nuraucsìk fogustrfkb y bks clprcsks trksokmfdokbcs- qucgý ktrkpkgd, cotdomcs, cotrc bk kpbfmkmfýo gcb rcprcsfvd Ubko gc Mdoldmfýo Fotcrok gcb Cstkgd (Mdofotcs) y bds => pbkotcds lfbftkrcs, quc bc cxfaìko, cotrc dtrks mdsks, bk tdtkb prds mrfpmfýo gcb pcrdofsld y uo mbkrd gfstkomfklfcotd gcb `bklkotc adnfcrod munkod. Ucrd co csds tfclpds, bk rckbfgkg pdbìtfmk y cb lkrmd fgcdbýafmd gc Klærfm Klærfmkk Bkt Bktfok fok sc vco skmugfgds ppdr dr ccbb mflnrdokzd mflnrdo kzd quc sfaof`fmý bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok mdlkogkgk pdr @fgcb Mkstrd y cb kracotfod Crocstd Mhc Aucvkrk. Gcsgc cb ;> gc cocrd gc ;636, bks `ucrzks prdarcsfstks gcb mdotfocotc mklnfkrdo gc pkrkgfalk. Vk od sc trktknk gcb cvdbumfdofsld sdmfkbfstk, gc bk rcvdbumfýo kb cstfbd sdvfætfmd of gcb nbdquc hfstýrfmd arklsmfkod: bk lctdgdbdaìk quc

>0

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

mkutfvk k bk lkydrìk gc bks `ucrzks gc fzqufcrgk cs cb `dmd rurkb quc gcvcogrë bucad co aucrrfbbk urnkok. Bk gæmkgk gcb scscotk -trks cb nrcvc adnfcrod gc Krturd bbbfk, qufco bbcaý kb pdgcr mdo cb >3 pdr mfcotd gc bds vdtds pdrquc cb pcrdofsld bbklý k vdtkr co nbkomd- sc mkrkmtcrfzý, cotdomcs, pdr bk mrcmfcotc lfbftkrfzkmfýo lfbftkrfzk mfýo gc bk sdmfcgkg. ]u puotd lëxfld lëx fld `u `uc c cb adbpc gc Cstk Cstkgd gd gc juofd gc ;600, ;600, quc fokuaurk cb ræaflc ræaflco o gc `kmtd `k mtd gcb aco acocrkb crkb Juko Juko Mkrbds Doakoìk y su ^cvdbumfýo Kracotfok, kgclës gc bk dncgfcotc kpbfmkmfýo gc bk Gdmtrfok gc bk ]caurfgkg Okmfdokb rcmdlcogkgk pdr cb cb Gcpkrtklcotd gc Cstkgd odrtcklcrfmko odrtcklcrfmkod: d: gc`cogcr bks "`rdo "`r do tcrks fgcdbýafmks", cs gcmfr fomdrpdrkr mdld prdpfd ccbb mdo`bfmt mdo`bfmtdd gc bk Aucrrk @rìk sdstcofgk pdr Cstkgds Sofgds y bk Sofýo gc ^cpúnbfmks ]dmfkbfstks ]dvfætfmks (S^]]). Cb coclfad coc lfad k gcrrdtk gcrrdtkrr pksk pksk k scr ffgcdbýafmd gcdbýafmd y k unfmk unfmkrsc rsc `rdotcrks kgcotrd: cb mdluofsld prdsdvfætfmd co tdgks sus vkrfkotcs. Mdo bds kûds, cb nbkomd prc`crfgd gc bds lfbftkrcs pkskrìk k scr cb bbklkgd pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd, y co pkrtfmubkr bds arupds krlkgds quc Ucrýo gcodlfokrìk "`drlkmfdocs cspcmfkbcs" y quc rcmdodmìko mdld kutdr fotcbcmtukb k uo hdlnrc quc hknìk sfgd tcstfad gfrcmtd gc bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok y quc mrcìk quc cb `uturd gcb pcrdofsld cstknk lës co Bk Hknkok quc co Lkgrfg, gdogc cb acocrkbìsfld @rkomfsmd @rkomd kbncraknk k Juko Gdlfoad Ucrýo. Csc hdlnrc crk Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic.

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

>1

 

Gc mklfsdbk nbkom nbkomk, k, cb ofûd Jd ho Qfbbfkl vcrkofcak c co o L kr gcb U Ubk bktk tk ju juotd otd k  su lkgrc, Lkrìk Cbvfrk Bcom Bcomf, f, uok tìk y uod gc sus hcrlkods.

 

MKUF WSBD GD GD] BK J SPC SPCOW OWSG SG GCB NCNC Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic okmfý co cb scod gc uok `klfbfk   rkgfmkb, drfaco frbkogcsk y `crvfcotc kglfrkgdrk gcbbds     Flpcrfd gc Nrftëofmd. ]fo clnkrad, su pkgrc `uc uod gc prflcrds prfl crds gf gfrfacotcs rfacotcs yrfad yrfadycofst ycofstks ks quc cstrcmhý cstrcmhý `fbk `fb ks md mdo o  cb pdr cotdom cotdomcs cs mdrdocb Ucrýo. K l lcgfkgd cgfkgdss gc bds 7 75 5,  cb Ncnc pksý gc scr uo gclýmrktk mdo mfcrtd tfotc bfncrkb   k ksulfrsc mdld uo okmfdokbfstk gcldmrëtfmd. Cb ;1 gc  dmtunrc gcb 73 cstuvd co bk Ubkzk gc Lkyd, uod lës cotrc  bk lu lubtbtftftug. ug. V tkl tkln n fæo cstuv cstuvd dc cbb ;0 gc juof ju ofd d gcb 33 33,,  pfstdbk co lkod, rcpcbfcogd k bds lkrfods karcsdrcs quc   fotcotknko gcrrdmkr k Ucrýo. @uc uo kaucrrfgd gfputkgd   mdo sýb sýbd d >0 k kûds ûds gc cgkg. Vk c co o bds 35, 35, tr trks ks uo nr nrcvc cvc  kbcjklfcotd gc bk pdbìtfmk, rctdlý su prægfmk gcsgc  cb pcrfdgf p crfdgfsld sld,, mdld gfrcmtd gfrcmtdrr gc bbk k rc rcvfstk vfstk Gc @rcotc.

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

>6

 

Cb kpcbbfgd Mddic `drlk pkrtc gc csk bkrak trkgfmfýo gc frbkogcscs quc pkrtfmfpkrdo co bk hfstdrfk kracotfok. Sok trkgfmfýo quc sc fofmfk mdo cb kblfrkotc Aufbbcrld Nrdwo y mublfok mdo ^dgdb`d Qkbsh, pdr mftkr sýbd uo pkr gc mæbcnrcs cjclpbds. Cb prflcrd gc bk `klfbfk co pfskr tfcrrks kracotfoks `uc Jcokrd Qfbbfkl Mddic, okmfgd co Ukoklë, dgdotýbdad y knucbd gc Jdho Qfbbfkl. Juko Fskkm, okmfgd k prfomfpfds gcb sfabd XX, kndakgd y punbfmfstk, sc mksk cb 1 gc `cnrcrd gc ;6;6 mdo Lkrìk Cbvfrk Bcomf, kracotfok, co bk mfugkg gc Bk Ubktk. Bk pkrc pkrcjk jk rcmfnc k su prfl pr fldaæo daæoftd ftd cb ;7 gc odvf odvfclnr clnrc c gc ;6;6 co su mksk gc bk Mkbbc 35, cotrc 7 y 3, y bucad gc gcbfncrkr sdnrc cb odlnrc cbcafgd (Juko Aufbbcrld) gcmfgco nkutfzkrbd mdld Jdho Qfbbfkl pdr bk `crvfcotc kglfrkmfýo gc bds Mddic hkmfk cb yk pdr cotdomcs gcmbfokotc Flpcrfd Nrftëofmd. Gctrës gcb prflcrd bbcakrëo Mkrbds @cgcrfmd, co ;6>7, y Jdrac @æbfx, co ;6>3. Jdho Qfbbfkl Qfbbf kl mrcmc co uo klnfcotc fo`bucomfkgd f o`bucomfkgd pdr bk pdbìtfm pdbìtfmk. k. ]u pkgrc trknkjk co cb Lfofstcrfd gc Adnfcrod gc bk Urdvfomfk gc Nuc ods Kfrcs y cs uo rkgfmkb yrfadycofstk quc sc vcrë gcspbkzkgd gc bk nurdmrkmfk pbktcosc mdo cb adbpc gcb acocrkb Jdsæ @æbfx Srfnuru, co ;6=5. ;6= 5. Ucrd dmhd kûds gcspuæs, mdo cb ksmcosd gc ^dncrtd L. Drtfz k bk prcsfgcomfk, rctdrok gc bbcod k bk pdbìtfmk. V bd hkmc co mdlpkûìk gc su hfjd: Juko Fskkm mdld gfputkgd okmfdokb y su vëstkad mdld kscsdr pkrbklcotkrfd. Csc lfsld kûd, cb lumhkmhd foarcsk co bk @kmubtkg gc Gcrcmhd gc Bk Ubktk, gdogc mdlfcozk su mkrrcrk mdld lfbftkotc cstugfkotfb. Udr kqucbbds kûds, Mddic cs uo lumhkmhd kb quc bc rcmdodmco mfcrtd ktrkmtfvd pcsc k su tcogcomfk k bk dncsfgkg, arko nkfbkgdr gc tkoad y cotrkgdr mdo bks lujcrcs, nuco mdovcrskgdr y kmdstulnrkgd k scr cb mcotrd gc tdgks bks rcuofdocs. ]u pcosklfcotd pdbìtfmd kúo cstë co `drlkmfýo: cs uo gc`cosdr gc bds prfomfpfds gcldmrëtf mds, kpdyk kb adnfcrod gc Drtfz pdr su gcmfsfýo gc kmknkr mdo cb `rkugc

=5

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

y rckbfzkr cbcmmfdocs bfnrcs y cs uo kbfkgý`fbd fosdndroknbc, hcrcomfk tkb vcz gc bk `ksmfokmfýo `klfbfkr pdr bk Mdrdok foabcsk. K prfomfpfds gc bds 75, Mddic lfbftk co bk Sofýo Sofvcrsftkrfk Fotrko sfacotc juotd k Juko Mkrbds Mdrocjd, Jdsæ Krlkogd Mkrd y ^coæ Drsf, cotrc dtrds, y pkrtfmfpk gc bks lkrmhks gc bk Kmmfýo Kraco tfok, uo arupd gc prcsfýo k `kvdr gc bks okmfdocs kbfkgks fotcarkgd pdr uo klpbfd krmd quc fombuìk gcsgc mdoscrvkgdrcs y krfstýmrktks hkstk sdmfkbfstks y rkgfmkbcs. Ucrd bucad gcb adbpc gcb 7 gc juofd gc ;67=, sc prdgumc uo hcmhd pcrsdokb quc mklnfk rkgfmkblcotc bk mdomcpmfýo fgcdbýafmk gc Mddic: su comucotrd y klfstkg mdo Mæskr Lkrmds. Bk rcbkmfýo mdo cstc hdlnrc quc prdvcoìk gc uok `klfbfk hulfbgc, mdo cxpcrfcomfk co cb mklpd gcb trknkjd, mdo mdomfcomfk "okmfdokb y pdpubkr", mdbf sfdok mdo bks mdomcpmfdocs mdoscrvkgdrks, prdnrftëofmks y kotfrrdsfstks gcb jdvco Jdho Qfbbfkl. V cb arko mkl mklnfd nfd cs co ;673. K lcg lcgfkgd fkgdss gc kûd kûd,, uo uo arupd aru pd gc rkgfmkbcs, rkgfmk bcs, co cotrc trc bds quc sc comdotr comdotrknk knk Juko Fsk Fskkm km Mddi Mddic, c, mdlfcozk k cotknbkr gfëbdad mdo cb pdr cotdomcs vfmcprcsfgcotc gc bk Okmfýo, Juko Ucrýo. Co uok rcuofýo mdo bds kutdgcodlfokgds "sdbgkgds kutæotfmds gcb yrfadycofsld", cb mdrdocb bcs gfmc: "Co`rcotd k bds coclfadss quc cco`rco coclfad o`rcotý tý Vrfadyco Vrfad yco", ", y bds md mdovdmk ovdmk k pkrtfmf pkrtfmfpkr pkr ggc` c` adnfcrod. Co csk rcuofýo od sýbd cstuvd Juko Fskkm, sfod tklnfæo Jdho Qfbbfkl. V kbbì okmcrìk uok rcbkmfýo tko cstrcmhk mdld tdrtudsk cotrc csds gds hdlnrcs. Gìks gcspuæs, Juko Fskkm kmcptý scr cb lfofstrd gc ^cbkmfdocs Cxtcrfdrcs, mkrad quc dmupkrë prëmtfmklcotc gurkotc uo kûd. Co csks mfrmuostkomfks sdrprcogfý cL1 gc dmtunrc k bds Mddic. Kb pkgrc, mdld mkomfbbcr, y kb hfjd, mdld uod gc bds lfbcs gc hdlnrcs y lujcrcs quc pkrtfmfpkrdo gc csk jdrokgk, mdostftuyæogdsc co uo oucvd kmtdr quc kmdlctìk gc bbcod co bk krcok pdbìtfmk kracotfok y mbkusurknk cb vfcjd pkìs.

Jdho Q. Mddic

=;

 

Mddic gfputkgd gfpu tkgd Bks oucvks klfstkgcs gc Jdho Qfbbfkl mdlfcozko k trkos`drlkr su lkrmd fgcdbýafmd. Sod gc cbbds cs cb hfstdrfkgdr rcvfsfdofstk Crocstd Ukbkmfd, co muyk mksk mdodmc k Kbfmfk Caurco, uok skotk`csfok, pdctk y prd`csdrk gc bctrks/qufco kûds gcspuæs sc mdovcrtfrìk co su lujcr hkstk quc bk lucrtc bds scpkrc. Kqucbbk tkrgc tkrgc gcb prfl prflcr cr comuc comucotrd otrd od pks pksýý knsdbutklco knsdbutklcotc tc okgk cotrc cbbds. ]fo clnkrad, Mddic qucgý pcrgfgklcotc cokld rkgd gc cbbk. "Mukogd ustcg bbcaý k bd gc Ukbkmfd, mdo su sdlnrcrd mdrdokgd gc `bdrcs gc gurkzod (´d scrìko jkzlfocs4), lc gfd bk scoskmfýo gc uo ncbbd juomd k bk cspcrk gcb vcogkvkb quc bd knktfcsc ¡olfscrfmdrgc... Gc bd gc Ukbkmfd `uflds k su mksk y hknbklds gc prcsfgcotcs gcpucstds y gc pdbìtfmk, co bk pcoulnrk prdpfmfk gc uo mrcpúsmubd gc prflkvcrk. Mdlflds mhczldf.  Sstcg bcyý vc vcrsds. rsds. Gcsgc cotdomcs, su kgdrknbc sdorfsk gc mdocjd fbulfoý lfs `cbfmcs odmhcs gc mdospfrkgdr md ospfrkgdr co gcsark gcsarkmfk", mfk", bc csmrfnfý k ssuu gklk gfcz kkûds ûds gcspuæs, gcldstrkogd quc su hknfbfgkg pkrk bk pdbìtfmk crk kmdlpk ûkgk pdr su gcbfmkgczk pkrk bks lctë`drks akbkotcs. Kbfmfk, lumhkmhk gc krlks tdlkr, hknìk qucgkgd prcogkgk gc csc jdvco quc bk gcsbulnrknk pdbìtfmklcotc pcrd tklnfæo co bd suyd, bks bctrks, rcmftëogdbc co bds ldlcotds lës focspcrkgds kbauok pdc sìk mdlpbctk gc Pcrbkfoc d gcb Ocard Mcbcgdofd @bdrcs, mukogd od cb "Udclk Mdojcturkb", muyk ncbbczk supcrknk mukbqufcr dpfofýo quc bc lcrcmfcrk su kutdr, cb sfclprc foqufctd Ndracs. V quc mukogd bk skmknk k nkfbkr uo tkoad, bd hkmìk mdo tkotd krtc quc, kb gcmfr gc tdgds bds tcstfads, su adrgurk pkrcmìk gcskpkrcmcr. Ucrd k Mddic od bc sdnrknk cb tfclpd, of pkrk cb nkfbc of pkrk cb kldr. Hkmfk `focs gcb 73, bds vcrtfafodsds sumcsds pdbìtfmds bd mdbd mknko co uo buakr gc prdtkadofsld: bk mkrrcrk hkmfk bk Mëlkrk Nkjk. Cb 0 gc cocrd gc ;670 sc prcscotk k cbcmmfdocs fotcroks gcotrd gc bk SM^-Juotk ^codvkgdrk y cs cbcafgd mkogfgktd k gfputkgd pdr bk

=>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

`ucrzk quc bfgcrk Juko Hdrtcosfd [ufjkod, cb kmdlpkûkotc gc bk `ýrlubk prcsfgcomfkb quc comknczk Ucrýo. Cb >7 gc `cnrcrd bk gupbk Ucrýo-[ufjkod gcrrdtk co bks cbcmmfdocs prcsfgcomfkbcs k bk `ýrlubk gc bk Sofýo Gcldmrëtfmk, WklndrfofLdsmk, y Mddic cs cbcafgd gfputkgd okmfdokb mdo kpcoks >0 kûds. Co sus prdpfks pkbknrks, cb Ncnc kokbfzý kûds gcspuæs co uok mkrtk csmrftk kb Ucrýo gcb cxfbfd bd quc dmurrìk: "Co ;673, cb pcrdofsld `uc cb ldvflfcotd quc surafý y trfuo`ý mdotrk tdgds bds pkrtfgds, quc hfzd skbtkr cb csquclk gc bds pkrtfgds rcpkrtfæogdsc cb pdgcr pdbìtfmd. Od cs quc bk fzqufcrgk hfmfcrk mrfsfs9 cs quc uok pkrtc gc bk supcrcstrumturk pdbìtfmk gcb flpcrfkbfsld skbtý juotd mdo bds gclës pcgkzds gc csk supcrcstrumturk. Cb ldvflfcotd pdpubkr quc ktkmý k bk dbfakrquìk y kb flpcrfkbfsld pksý k scr bk fzqufcrgk, pdr mukotd rcprcscotknk bks `ucrzks gcb prdarcsd okmfdokb y gc fogcpcogcomfk gcb cxtrkojcrd. @uc uok sftukmfýo rcvdbumfdokrfk, gdogc bds csquc lks tcýrfmds od scrvìko. @kbtknk uok fzqufcrgk okmfdokb y csc pkpcb pksý k dmupkrbd cb pcrdofsld kuoquc sfo gc`fofrsc mdld tkb". V cs fotcrcskotc fotcr cskotc kokbfz kokbfzkr kr bk mbksf`fmkmfýo gc Mddic sdnrc fzqufcr gks y gcrcmhks pdrquc cb prflcr gcnktc pkrbklcotkrfd sc vk k prdgu mfr justklcotc pdr bk unfmkmfýo gc bks nkomks co cb Mdoarcsd. Lfcotrks kbauods gfputkgds mdld Crocstd ]kllkrtfod kmusko k bk nkomkgk pcrdofstk gc "`ksmfstk", cb rkgfmkb ^fmkrgd Nkbnìo afldtck: "Ods hko mdbdmkgd k bk gcrcmhk, ´quæ sfaof`fmk cstd4". Bds rkgfmkbc rkgfmkbcs, s, kmd kmdstul stulnrkgd nrkgdss k utfbfzkr bk `faurk gc Hfpýbftd Vrfadyco mdld mdotrkgfmmfýo kb vfcjd ræaflco, sc comucotrko mdo uo hknf bfgdsd Mddic quc bds hdstfak: "Vk od sdo yrfadycofstks, bd `ucrdo. ]c ods gfmc quc bk nkomkgk dpdsftdrk cs bk mdotfoukgdrk gc uo ldvflfcotd gc trkgfmfýo hfstýrfmk quc od cstë co lf ëofld ocakr. Ucrd sc hk prd gumfgd co cb pkìs uok qufcnrk tdtkb y uok mdo`usfýo gc vkbdrcs quc hfzd quc mkgk uod nusmkrk bk mdotfoufgkg hfstýrfmk gc bks fgcks yrfadycofstks co cb mklpd gdogc hk mrcìgd quc tcoìko lës bfnrc cxpkosfýo.

Jdho Q. Mdd Mddic ic

==

 

Odsdtrds mrcìklds quc gcnìklds nusmkr oucstrd rulnd co cb pucnbd lfsld y co bk cotrkûk gc bk lksk su`rfcotc. Hky dtrds quc hko prc `crfgd okvcakr co dsmurds rfkmhds gc sumfk pdbftfqucrìk y, bd quc cs pcdr, pdr pcbckr cb rcpkrtd gc bds vìvcrcs, sc hko dbvfgkgd gc bk rutk quc bcs lkrmknko lkrmknko bks cstrcbbks y pcr pcrlftfcrdo lftfcrdo quc cb tflýo tflý o `uc `ucsc sc clp clpu u ûkgd pdr lkods cxtrkûks... Odsdtrds od sdlds fzqufcrgfstks k ubtrkozk pdrquc cb fzqufcrgfsld bbcvk tklnfæo k kbauods cxmcsds co cb pdgcr. ]dlds fzqufcrgfstks co uo scotfgd mbkrd, býafmd y quc cs cb mdlúo gc kmë, pdr comflk gc tdgks bks tcdrìks pdbìtfmks: cb gc uo lkydr kvkomc co cb scotfgd gc bks rcmdoqufstks gc bk faukbgkg sdmfkb". ]ulklcotc rcvcbkgdr cs cstc prflcr gfsmursd gc Mddic co bk Mëlkrk Nkjk pdrquc kbbì cstëo yk fogfmkgks bks prfomfpkbcs bìocks gc su pcosklfcotd pdstcrfdr: cb pcrdofsld mdld uok mdotfoufgkg hfs týrfmk gcb ldvflfcotd okmfdokb y pdpubkr quc trksmfcogc bks æpdmks, su unfmkmfýo k bk fzqufcrgk gcb cspcmtrd pdbìtfmd arkmfks k su `ucrzk trkos`drlkgdrk co bd sdmfkb `rcotc k dtrds scmtdrcs gcb pcrdofsld lës mýldgds co bk trkgfmfýo okmfdokbfstk mktýbfmk, y pdr úbtfld, bk gc`fofmfýo co sì lfslk gc gcbb tær tærlfo lfodd fzqufc fzqufcrgk rgk,, od yykk mdl mdld d uo pdsfmfdoklfcotd fgcdbýafmd sfod mdld uok mucstfýo cstrktæafmk, cs gcmfr quc, pkrk æb, bk mukbfgkg gc "scr fzqufcrgk" od sc comdotrknk co bks pkbknr pkb knrks ks sfod ccoo cb hcmhd gc bumhkr mdomr mdomrctk ctklcot lcotc c co pds gcb lcjd l cjd rklfcotd gc bks mdogfmfdocs sdmfkbcs gc bks mbkscs pdpubkrcs.

Bk prfomfpkb cspkgk Udmd k pdmd Mddic `uc mdovfrtfæogdsc co uok gc bks prfomfpkbcs cspkgks gcb pcrdofsld co bk Mëlkrk Nkjk, pkrtfmfpkogd co cb gcnktc pdr bk gcrdakmfýo gc bk Bcy gc ^csfgcomfk quc mkstfaknk k bds folf arkotcs y co bk Bcy gc Urcmfds Lëxflds. Ucrd tklnfæo gcldstrý su kutdodlìk fgcdbýafmk mdotrkgf mfcogd kb Urcsfgcotc y vdtkogd co mdotrk gc bk rktf`fmkmfýo gcb Kmtk gc Mhkpubtcpcm -puotkpfæ fofmfkb gcb pkoklcrfmkofsld, cs gcmfr bk

=7

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

mdomcpmfýo hcaclýofmk gc Cstkgds Sofgds rcspcmtd gcb rcstd gcb mdotfocotc-, quc Ucrýo hknìk drgcokgd kprdnkr co cb Mdoarcsd. K bd bkrad gc su lkogktd, cb Ncnc fotcrvfod co bds gcnktcs sdnrc Urcsupucstd y rc`drlk gcb sfstclk nkomkrfd, bks bcycs kotfldodpýbfmks, gc`cogfý -k su pcskr- bk Bcy gc coscûkozk rcbfafdsk co bds mdbcafds púnbfmds, y kpdyý mdo kraulcotds sýbfgds cb Urflcr Ubko [ufoqucokb, gcnktc co cb quc gcldstrý su pdsfmfýo cmdoýlfmk kotfbfncrkb y sc co`rcotý gurklcotc mdo cb rkgfmkb Krturd @rdogfzf, qufco prctcogfý gcsmkbf`fmkrbd mukogd bd kmusý gc lkrxfstk. Wklnfæo prdtkadofzý bks scsfdocs co bks quc sc kokbfzko bk fotcr vcomfýo gc bk Urdvfomfk gc Mýrgdnk y bk mkgumfgkg gc bks mdomcsfd ocs k bk Mdrpdrkmfýo gc Wrkospdrtcs, hkstk csc ldlcotd co lkods foabcsks. @fokblcotc, Mddic cs uod gc bds arkogcs prdtkadofstks gurkotc bds gcnktcs pkrk kprdnkr bk ^c`drlk Mdostftumfdokb, co ;676. Dnvfklcotc, bk pkrtfmfpkmfýo quc lës `klk bc hk gkgd -tkb vcz pdr mucstfdocs lës rcbkmfdokgks mdo vcrsfdocs mfoclktdarë`fmks quc mdo vcrgkgcs hfstýrfmks- cs cb gcnktc quc sc rckbfzk co knrfb gc ;63; ;63; sdnr s dnrcc bk cxpr cxprdpfk dpfkmfýo mfýo gcb gfkrfd Bk Urcosk. Co csc mæbcnrc gfsmursd gfjd, coærafmd c flpbkmknbc: "Cstc gfkrfd tfcoc mdotrkìgk mdo cb pucnbd bk gcugk gc sus arkogcs pcmkgds. Cstklds mdotrk Bk Urcosk, od pdr gfspkrfgkg gc dpfofdocs, mdld gfmc cb gfputkgd (]fbvkod) ]kotkogcr of tklpdmd pdr bds karkvfds rcmfnfgds, fo`crfgds tkln tklnfæo fæoBkkb Urcosk Ukrtfg Ukrtfgdd pdrquc ^k ^kgfm gfmkb, kb,Bk sfod pdr rkzdocs rkzdoc s `uogklco `uogklcotkbcs tkbcs.. Cstklds Urcosk, mdotrk  pdr supucstd, sfclprc cstkrë, mdld bd hk cstkgd, mdotrk bds dnrcrds y mdotrk odsdtrds. Mrcclds co bk bfncrtkg gc bk prcosk fogcpcogfcotc pcrd od co cb gcrcmhd gc cstks clprcsks clprcs ks lcr lcrmkotfbcs mkotfbcs y mkpftkbfstks ppkr krkk prdmurkr quc bds rcsdr tcs gcb Cstkgd sc pdoako kb scrvfmfd gc sus fotcrcscs mkgk vcz quc hky mucstfdocs arclfkbcs co jucad... Kmusklds k Bk Urcoskýc hkncr `dlcotkgd bk sulfsfýo y cb knbkogklfcotd gc bk vdbuotkg okmfdokb y trktkgd gc rcsqucnrkjkr cb pktrfdtfsld, bk kmusklds gc hkncr quc

Jdho Q . Mddic

=3

 

rfgd `drjkr uok lcotkbfgkg fohfnftdrfk y suncstflktfvk gc bd quc cs bk prdpfk vkbdrkmfýo kracotfok. Bk kmusklds gc hkncr ocakgd bds arkogcs vkbdrcs gc bk mubturk gcb pucnbd, gc hkncr qucrfgd coak ûkrodss mdo bk ctfquct ûkrod ctfquctkk gc nd ndoftds oftds oodlnrcs dlnrcs pk pkrk rk quc od pugfæsclds rckbfzkr oucstrks mdoqufstks cmdoýlfmks".

Gc `rcotc `rcot c Udr csds kûds Mddic yk sc hk co`rcotkgd mdo vkrfds scmtdrcs fotcr ods gcb pcrdofsld, pcrd tklnfæo hk cstknbcmfgd `ucrtcs bkzds mdo bk Urflcrk Gklk. Bk mrfsfs gc ;635, cb mklnfd gc tflýo co bks pdbì tfmks púnbfmks -Ucrýo gcnc cmhkr lkod k kbauods kjustcs pkrk mdo trdbkr bk fo`bkmfýo y vdbvcr k gkrbc prdgumtfvfgkg k bk cmdodlìk kracotfok- y bk lucrtc gc Cvftk sc mdomktcoko pkrk quc lumhds pcrdofstks gc bk prflcrk prflcrk hdrk c fotcbcmtukbcs mdl mdldd Krtur Krturdd Jkurctmhc Jkurctmhc,, ^kúb ]mkbknrfof Drtfz y Juko Jdsæ Hcroëogcz Krrcauf, cotrc dtrds, tdlkrko mfcrtk gfstkomfk gcb adnfcrod. Mddic rcmh rcmhkz kzk k prflcrd prf lcrd bk gfrcm mfýo gcb gfkrfd Gcldmrkmfk, quc bc d`rcmc bk lfslk Cvftk, kgumfcogd quc od qufcrc tcrlfo tcrlfokr kr pcbcëogds pcbcëogdscc mdo "bk mdrtc gc dnscm dnscmucotcs ucotcs", ", y co ;63> sc ofcak k rcodvkr su nkomk. Co cb bbkod, cb Ncnc rctdlk su mkrrcrk mdld gdmcotc uofvcrsf tkrfd. Coscûk Cmdodlìk Udbìtfmk y Gcrcmhd Mdostftumfdokb co bk Sofvcrsfgkg gc Nucods Kfrcs. Hkstk ;637 tfcoc mdld úofmk pkrtf mfpkmfýo pdbìtfmk bk prcscomfk co uo Mdoarcsd quc sc rckbfzk co Pfcok, gdogc cstknbcmc luy nucods mdotkmtds mdo gfstfotds pdbì tfmds y pcoskgdrcs lkrxfstks. Ucrd csc kûd, k lcgfgk quc sc tcosk cb mdo`bfmtd cotrc cb adnfcrod y bk dpdsfmfýo, gcmfg gcmfgcc vdbv vdbvcr cr k bbk k pdbìtfm pdbìtfmk, k, yk od gcsgc cb pkrtfgd sfod gcsgc bk prëmtfmk pcrfdgìstfmk. Juotd k su klfad Mæskr Lkrmds, `uogk bk rcvfstk Gc @rcotc, quc vc bk buz pdr prflcrk vcz co lkrzd gcb 37. Gcsgc csc ýrakod gc gf`usfýo, Mddic gcouomfk bk nurdmrktfzkmfýo gcb ldvflfcotd dnrcrd drakofzkgd, hdlcokjck bk `faurk gcb

=0

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

sdmfkbfstk Lkoucb Bfakrtc, mdo ldtfvd gcb rctdrod gc sus rcstds kb pkìs, co`rcotk bk kmmfýo gcb flpcrfkbfsld odrtcklcrfmkod co Klærfmk Bktfok y mdlnktc bk `frlk gc bds mdotrktds pctrdbcrds mdo bk clprcsk Mkbf`drofk Kracotfok. "Lc dpusc kb mdotrktd mdo bk Mkbf`drofk -rcmdrgkrë Mddic- pdr cotcogcr quc crk uo lkb prcmcgcotc y od crk csc cb mklfod pkrk bdarkr cb kutdknkstcmflfcotd, mdo cb karkvkotc gc quc pdgìk gcsvfkr kb L Ldvfl dvflfcotd fcotd gc dtrks dtrks pdsfmfdocs gc prd`uogd mdotcofgd rcvdbumf rcvdbumfd d okrfd. Udgìk scr, sì, uok sdbumfýo gc tfpd tæmofmd, pcrd od dbvfgc lds quc bds cqufpds tæmofmds dbvfgko bds prdnbclks pdbìtfmds". Co uo krtìmubd gc Gc @rcotc, csmrfnfrë: "Bk gc`cosk gc bk sdncrk oìk okmfdokb od cs uo prcjufmfd of uo scotflcotkbfsld, of sfqufcrk susmcptfnfbfgkg cxkacrkgk. Hko qucgkgd co cb kfrc mrìtfmks luy scrfks: pdr cjclpbd, bds cxmcsfvds prfvfbcafds quc sc rcscrvk bk mdlpkûìk cxtrkojcrk co su prdycmtd, prdycm td, bk `kbt `kbtk k gc dnbfakmfdocs md mdomrctks omrctks y mdlpcosktdrfks mdlpcosktdr fks pd pdrr bk mdomcsfýo nu nusmk smkgk, gk, cb bklcotknbc sfstclk gc krnftrkjc, bks prýrrdaks fotcrlfoknbcs gcb mdotrktd, ctmætcrk".

Bk mkìgk Co odvfclnrc gc ;637, cb pcrdofsld knrc uo oucvd `rcotc gc nktk nk tkbbk bbk mdo bk Fa Fabcs bcsfk. fk. Bds scmtdrcs mktý m ktýbfmd bfmds-h s-hkst kstkk pdmd tfclp tfclpdd ktrë ktrëss kbfkgd kbf kgdss gcb adnfc ad nfcrod rod-- sc mruzkrdo mruzkrdo kutdlë kutdlëtfmklco tfmklcotc tc gc vcr vcrcgk. cgk. Kb cotrcbkzkrsc cotrcbkz krsc mdo bk mucstfýo gc bdsmfcrtk mdotrk mdotrktds tds pctrdbcrds, prdgujd quc scmtdrcs okmfdokbfstks tdlkrko gfstkomfk gc Ucrýo y kmcp tkrko bk pdsfnfbfgkg gc mdotfoukr mdo cb prdmcsd pdbìtfmd pcrd sfo cb bfgcrkzad gcb acocrkb. Cb nkjd mdlprdlfsd gc bds scmtdrcs fogustrfkbcs, quc prc`frfcrdo kbfkrsc kb kard kotcs gc mdostftufrsc co mbksc gfrfacotc, y bk bkxftug gc bks drakofzkmfdocs arclfkbcs, quc yk od tcoìko bk lfslk rkpfgcz gc rc`bcjds quc co cb 73, sc mdojuakrdo pkrk quc cb adnfcrod qucgkrk co uok sftukmfýo gc arko gcnfbfgkg.

Jdho Q. Mddic

=1

 

C L ; gc juofd, fk lkof`cstkmfýo gc M Mdrpus drpus M Mhrfstf hrfstf rcvc rcvcbý bý bk `dr tkbczk gc bk dpdsfmfýo. V mfomd gìks gcspuæs, bds kvfdocs gc bk Lkrfok ndlnkrgckrdo bk Ubkzk gc Lkyd mdo bk fotcomfýo gc lktkrk Ucrýo. Od bd bdarkrdo, pcrd sì gcjkrdo uo tcogkb gc trcsmfcotds lucrtds y lfbcs gc hcrfgds. Gurkotc bk tkrgc, sc prdgujcrdo co`rcotklfcotds cotrc bk Fo`kotcrìk gc Lkrfok y cb Cjærmftd, kb quc sc hknìko sulkgd gfstfotds arupds gc mfvfbcs. Cotrc csds mdlnktfcotcs bckbcs kb adnfcrod justfmfkbfstk, pkrkpctkgd gctrës gc bk cstktuk cmucstrc gc Ncbarkod, Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic vkmfknk bds trcs mkrakgdrcs gc su pfstdbk kutdlëtfmk. Cb fo fotco tcotd td gc adbpc mkln mklnfý fý bk gfoël gfoëlfmk fmk pdbìtfmk. pdbìtfmk. Cb adnfcrod fofmfý uok kpcrturk hkmfk bk dpdsfmfýo pcrd cb mbflk yk cstknk gclksfkgd mrfspkgd. Cb prdpfd Md Mddic dic rcm rcmfnfý fnfý uok d`crtk gfrcmtk gfrcmtk gc Ucrýo ppkrk krk dmu pkr uo lfofstcrfd, pcrd tcrl tcrlfoý foý kmcptkogd cb mkrad mkrad gc fotcrv fotcrvcotdr cotdr gc gcbb  justfmfkbfsld co co bk Mkpftk kpftkbb @cg cgcr crkb, kb, uo hfstýrfmd hfstýrfmd nks nkstfýo tfýo kkotfp otfpcrdo crdofstk fstk.. Ucrd trcs lcscs gcspuæs, cb adbpc sc hkrìk c`cmtfvd. Cb ;0 gc scptfclnrc cb acocrkb Cgukrgd Bdokrgf comknczý gcsgc Mýrgdnk bk sunbcvkmfýo lfbftkr. Mddic sc vfd dnbfakgd k pkskr k bk mbkogcstfofgkg, pcsc kb bkmýofmd "of vcomcgdrcs of vcomfgds" gcb acocrkb Bdokrgf. Gcspuæs, bk rcprc sfýo rcmrugcmcrìk y æb pkskrì pkskrìkk uo nuco tftfcl clpd pd gctrës gctrë s gc bks rcjk rcjks. s. ]fo clnkrad, co csc fotcrstfmfd rdlëotfmd quc supdoc vfvfr prý`uad, cb Ncnc

Kbfmfk Caurco, rcmfæo scpkrkgk, pkrk mdo `frlkr sc qucrccomdotrkrìk crk bk lujcrmdo gc su vfgk.

=8

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Mdrrc ;670: mdo kpcoks >0 kûds, Mddic ksulc mdld gfputkgd okmfdokb. Co   bk flkaco, gc fzqufcrgk k gcrcmh gcrcmhk, k, juo ju o td kb prcsfgc prcsfgcotc otc gc bk Mëlkrk Nkjk Nkjk,, ^fmkrgd  Aukrgd9 cb lfofstrd lfofs trd gc Karfmubturk, Juko Mkrbds Mkrbds Ufmk Ufmkzd zd Cbdrgy9 y cb scmrctkrfd scmrctkrfd  gc Mubturk pdrtcûd.

 

MKUF WSBD W^ C] SOK SO K F Z[S Z[SFF C^GK C^GK UC^DO UC^DOFF ]W ]WK K Gurkotc cb cb lcgfd lcgf d sfab sfabd d kotc kotcrfdr rfdr,, bk bkss fgck fgckss mdotrkmubtur mdotr kmubturkbc kbcss   hknìko sfgd hcacldofzkgks pdr bk fzqufcrgk trkgfmfdokb,  cs gcmfr c cbb Uk Ukrtf rtfgd gd ]dmf ]dmfkbfst kbfstk k, c cbb Uk Ukrtf rtfgd gd Mdluof Mdluofstk stk  y cb kokrqufsld. Ucrd bk frrupmfýo gcb pcrdofsld trkstdmý   tdgds tdg ds bds mdomcptds fgcdbýafmds y pusd co co kprfctds tkotd tkot d   k bks fzqufcrgks mdld k bks gcrcmhks. K uo mdstkgd   gc csc ldvflfcotd surafý, dpdofæogdsc k bds ldgcbds   fgcdbýafmds kotcrfdrcs, bd quc sc bbklý bk Fzqufcrgk  Okmf Ok mfdokb: dokb: ^kúb ]mkbk mkbknrfof nrfof Drtfz, Krturd Krt urd Jkurctmhc y Jdrac   K ncbkrg  Kncb krgd d ^klds ^klds,, cot co t r c dtr d trds ds.. Mddi Mddic, c, ssdn dnrr c td tdg gd  gcspuæss gcb 33 gcspuæ 33,, sc mdo mdovf vfrt rtfý fý co c cbb rc`crcotc dnbfa dnb fakgd kgd  gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk. K lftkg gc mklfod   cotrc bk tcdrìk y bk prkxfs, cb Ncnc `uc cb cb prflcr  prf lcr   lfbftkotc lfbf tkotc rcvdbumfdokrfd gc gcbb pcrdofsld.

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

7;

 

Cb foarcsd gcb pcrdofsld co cb: tknbcrd okmfdokb rcprcscotý uo vcr gkgcrd mflnrdokzd pkrk bks cstrumturks cmdoýlfmks y pdbìtfmks gcb vfcjd ræaflco mdoscrvkgdr, muyk bkrak gcmkgcomfk hknìk sfaokgd bds kûds quc vko gcsgc ;6;0 hkstk ;67=. Co pkrtfmubkr, cb luogd gc bks ¡gcks gc fzqufcrgk su`rfý uok arko mdoldmfýo pdr cb hcmhd gc quc bds pkrtfgds muyks mbfcotcbks prfomf pkbcs prdvcoìko gc bds scmtdrcs dnrcrds vcìko kbkrlkgds mýld cb oucvd ldvflfcotd pdbìtfmd, kb quc cbbds -co cb lcjdr gc bds mksdsgcsprcmfknko pdr nurauæs mukogd od bd mkrkmtcrfzknko mdld okzf`ksmfstk, bcs krrcnktknk su prdtkadofsld y sus nkscs gc kpdyd. Cb gcnktc prfomfpkb gc bk fzqufcrgk, cotdomcs, sc mcotrý co quæ hkmcr mdo cb oucvd `coýlcod y gc quæ lkocrk mdotrkrrcstkrbd, sf cs quc hknìk hk nìk quc hkmcrbd hkmcrbd.. V bks rcspucstks rcspucs tks `ucrdo `uc rdo luy vkr vkrfkgk fkgks. s. Cb sdmfkbfsld sc hknìk pbkotckgd mdld cstrktcafk cb gcskrrdbbd gc uok cspcmfc gc rc`drlfsld sdmfkb pkrbklcotkrfd, mdo kpdyd gcb prd bctkrfkgd gc mkrëmtcr urnkod y uok mdosfgcrknbc fo`bucomfk co bds scm tdrcs lcgfds gc bk sdmfcgkg, kbauods gc cbbds sfogfmkbfzkgds. @uc uod gc bds prfomfpkbcs pcrjugfmkgds pdr bk frrupmfýo gcb pcrdofsld,, yk quc cotrc ;67= y ;676 sus nkogcrks sdmfkbcs `uogklcotkbcs -cb "Oucvd Gcrcmhd" prdmbklkgd pdr Kb`rcgd Ukbkmfds-qucgkrdo co lkods gcb `bklkotc ldvflfcotd quc pdoìk co prëmtfmk bks bcycs hkstk cotdomcs sfclprc ocakgks co cb Mdoarcsd. Ucsc k quc mcotcokrcs gc sus mukgrds sfogfmkbcs mklnfkrdo gc mklfsctk y sc pusfcrdo bk pcrdofstk co ;673, su pdsturk `uc gc hdstfaklfc hdstfa klfcotd otd mmdostkotc dostkotc k csc jc`c lfbf lfbftkr, tkr, kkbb quc vc vcìko ìko gclksfkg gclksfkgd d pkrcmfgd k Ncoftd Lussdbfof, uo Gumc  mrfdbbd. Ukrtfmfpkotcs prdtkaýofmds gc bk dpdsftdrk Sofýo Gcldmrëtfmk, gurkotc cb adnfcrod pcrdofstk bks rcbkmfdocs clpcdrkrdo. Cb ldlcotd lës gurd sc gfd mukogd sus prfomfpkbcs gfrfacotcs `ucrdo krrcstkgds co ;63=, trks kqucb ktcotkgd co Ubkzk gc Lkyd co cb quc lurfcrdo sfctc lkof`cstkotcs.

7>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Klærfmd Ahfdbgf, uod gc sus bìgcrcs, mdosfgcrý, sfo lës, quc cb pcrdofsld crk `ksmfstk y pdr bd tkotd gcnìk mdlnktfrsc sfo mukrtcb. V od gcjý co su pkrtfgd lumhd lkraco pkrk dtrks pdsturks. Bk od rcsd bumfýo gc bk pdbìtfmk k scaufr mdo cb pcrdofsld tcrlfoý prdvdmkogd bk rupturk pkrtfgkrfk, y bk kpkrfmfýo gcb Ukrtfgd ]dmfkbfstk Kracotfod y cb Ukrtfgd ]dmfkbfstk Gcldmrëtfmd.

]tkbfofstks y trdt trdtsifst sifstk ks Bk vfsfýo gcb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk Kracotfod od gfstý gclksfkgd gc bk sdmfkbfstk. Hkstk cb adbpc lfbftkr gc ;67=, cb UM vcoìk cxpcrflco tkogd uo gcskrrdbbd flpdrtkotc: lfbcs gc kmtfvfstks, uok gcosk rcg gc kaftkmfýo y prdpkakogk, drakofzkmfdocs mubturkbcs y sdmfkbcs co nkrrfkgks dnrcrks, bfgcrkzad co bk bumhk arclfkb. Crk bk `ucrzk pdbìtfmk gc lkydr cxpkosfýo co cb mrcmfcotc prdbctkrfkgd fogustrfkb, pkrtf mfpkogd co bk `uogkmfýo y gfrcmmfýo gc kbauods gc bds sfogfmktds úofmds pdr rklk lës flpdrtkotcs, c fombusd gc bk mdgfrcmmfýo gc bk MAW, co bk `faurk gcb gfrfacotc gc bk mkroc Jdsæ Uctcr. ]fo clnkrad, gurkotc bk ]cauogk Aucrrk Luogfkb, bds foqucnrko tknbcs bkzds mdo bk Sofýo ]dvfætfmk bbcvko kb mdluofsld oktfvd k prfdrfzkr rfz kr bks bks gc`fofmfdocs fotcrokmfdokbcs pdr sdnrc bks bks pkrtfmubkrfgkgcs gc bk pdbìtfmk okmfdokb. Ksì prcvkbcmfý bk fgck gc `drlkr `rcotcs kotf `ksmfstks khì gdogc sc prcscotkrko rcaìlcocs tdtkbftkrfds. V, sfo gugkrbd, mkrkmtcrfzkrdo gc csk lkocrk kb oucvd ræaflco cotrdofzkgd co ;67=. Ucrd Uc rd lfcotrks Mdgdvfbbk Mdgdvfbbk csmrfnc "Nk "Nktfr tfr kb kb okzfpcrd okzfpcrdofsld..." ofsld..." y Ucrýo akok bks cbcmmfdocs co `cnrcrd gcb 70, uo pcqucûd arupd gc mdlu ofstks sc uoc kb okmfcotc ldvflfcotd, mdld pdr cjclpbd æb gfrfacotc ^dgdb`d Uufaarýs, k`fbfkgd kb UM gcsgc ;6>;. Uufaarýs Uufa arýs gc`foc kb pcrdo pcrdofsld fsld mdld uo ldv ldvflfc flfcotd otd gc bfncrkm bfncrkmfýo fýo okmfdokb, pdbfmbksfstk, gc nksc pdpuìkr, y bd ksclcjk k bds ldvflfco tds gc bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb surafgds kb mkbdr gcb prdmcsd gc gcsmdbd

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

7=

 

ofzkmfýo quc kmdlpkûk cb `fo gc bk ]cauogk Aucrrk Luogfkb. ]c trktk gc pksds flpdrtkotcs gfmc, pdr lës quc pkrczmko lìoflds k bk lcotkbfgkg gc fzqufcrgk, fzqufcrgk, "q "quc uc cxfac tdgd pk pkrk rk quc od sc hk hkak ak okgk". Gc lfcotd cstk lkocrk, Uufaarýs sc k bkJkurctmhc, bìock gcb pcosk pcosklfcotd okmfd okmfdokbfst okbfstk k pdpu pdpubkr, bkr,sulk quc ykgcmfgfgklcotc mubtfvknko Krturd ^kúb ]mkbknrfof Drtfz, Juko Jdsæ Hcroëogcz Krrcauf y cb Mdbdrkgd  Jdrac Kncbkrgd ^klds. Co mukotd kb trdtsifsld, bds lumhds hcrcgcrds gc bk "Mukrtk Fotcr okmfdokb" co bds kûds '75 suraco gc bk cxpbdsfýo gcb Ukrtfgd Dnrcrd gc bk ^cvdbumfýo ]dmfkbfstk, pdr uo bkgd, y pdr cb dtrd gc bk fo`bucomfk gc Bfndrfd Justd. Cb arupd gfrfafgd pdr  æstc   æstc (tklnfæo mdodmfgd pdr su scugýofld, [ucnrkmhd), bk Bfak Dnrcrk ^cvdbumfdokrfk, kbcotý bk rc`bcxfýo kmcrmk gc bk rcbkmfýo gc oucstrds pkìscs mdo cb flpcrfkbfsld. Bk rcsfs tcomfk gc scmtdrcs gc bks nuraucsìks oktfvks, k`frlknk, k bk sundrgfokmfýo mdlpbctk kb flpcrfkbfsld, drfafoý cb `coýlcod gcb "okmfdokbfsld nurauæs". Cb suraflfcotd gcb pcrdofsld pbkotcý fotcrrdakotcs sdnrc qufæo crk Ucrýo: ´uo rcprcscotkotc gc bk "nuraucsìk okmfdokb", "uo kacotc gcb flpcrfkbfsld foabæs y/d odrtcklcrfmkod" d "uo ndokpkrtfstk suf acocrfs"4 [ucnrkmhd `uc cb prflcrd quc pbkotcý quc, co Klærfmk Bktfok, bk tkrck rcvdbumfdokrfk prfdrftkrfk crk bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb. So tfclpd gcs puæs, uo pcqucûd arupd quc bfgcrko Kncbkrgd ^klds y Ofmctd Kogræs cgftk, k pkrtfr gc ;673, cb pcrfýgfmd Dmtunrc, y cxtr cxtrclk clk bk bìock bìock gcb gcb vfcjd Bfndrfd: cs cb prflcr arupd quc pbkotck uok sucrtc gc rcvfsfdofsld hfs týrfmd týrfm d sdmfkbfstk, sdmfkbfstk, mdo mkrkmtcrìstfmks mkrkmtcrìstfmks okmfdo okmfdokbcs kbcs,, `cgcr `cgcrkbcs kbcs y bktfodklc rfmkoks. Co dmtunrc gc csc kûd cb pcrfýgfmd trdtsifstk @rcotc Dnrcrd  -Kurcbfd Okrvkjk, Corfquc ^fvcrk y Koacb Ucrcblko sdo sus rcspdo sknbcs- rcfvfogfmk bk ldvfbfzkmfýo pdpubkr gcb ;1 y rcmdodmc kbbì bds fofmfds gc uo Ldvflfcotd gc Bfncrkmfýo Okmfdokb.

77

Cb p cr d o f s l d r cv d b u m f d o kr f d

 

Cb okmfdokbfsld pdpu pdpubkr  bkr  Bk mrfsfs gcb bfncrkbfsld gcmfldoýofmd comdotrý mdld uok gc sus pdsfnbcs skbfgks cb rdlkotfmfsld od rkmfdokbfstk quc, co lumhds mksds, tdlý `drlk gc okmfdokbfslds mrëtfmds mrëtfmds. . V gcbk`uc `ucrtc rtc muûd krfstdmrëtfmd. kotfbfncrkbcs y kotfgcld Cb prfomfpkb cxpdocotc gc cstc tfpd gc fgcdbdaìk co oucstrd pkìs `uc cb Bcdpdbgd Buadocs mrcpusmubkr, cb gc "bk hdrk gc bk cspkgk" y sdnrc tdgd cb gcb prdycmtd "Bk Arkogc Kracotfok", prdgumtd, scau rklcotc, gc su gcslcsurkgk fovcotfvk, pcrd quc mdostftuyý uo puotkpfæ fofmfkb pkrk bk fotcbcmtukbfgkg okmfdokbfstk. Nucod Nuc od cs rcmdrgkr quc quc cb úofmd scmtdr tdtkblc tdtk blcotc otc mdotcstktk rfd gcb pkìs bfncrkb mdostrufgd pdr bk acocrkmfýo gcb ;80>-;885 `uc cb rcprcscotkgd pdr bds mdoktds okmfdokbfstks quc fotcotknko rcspdogcr kb ldgcbd mubturkb flpucstd pdr bd quc gfd co bbklkrsc cb "lftrfsld". Gcsgc luy tclprkod, bk csmucbk rcvfsfdofstk, muyd prcmursdr `uc Kgdb`d ]kbgìks, mucstfdoý bds mflfcotds gc bk hfstdrfdark`ìk d`fmfkb. Bucad, bd scaufrìko Pfmcotc [ucskgk, Gkvfg Ucûk, bds hcrlkods Jubfd y ^dgdb`d Frkzustk y Mkrbds Fnkraurco, qufco co ;6>> punbfmk su ldou lcotkb ^dsks. Ucrd cb cstkbbfgd fgcdbýafmd sc prdgumc gurkotc bk Gæmkgk Fo`klc. Cs bk æpdmk gc Jdsæ Bufs Nuskofmhc, Crocstd Ukbkmfd y Lkoucb Aëbvcz. Mcrmkods k cstds úbtflds sc unfmko qufcocs lës fo`bufrìko fotc bcmtukblcotc co bds quc "pcosknko" kb okmfcotc pcrdofsld "gcsgc kgcotrd", y pdr cogc tklnfæo co Mddic: Jdsæ Lkrìk ^dsk, ^kúb ]mkbknrfof Drtfz y Krturd Jkurctmhc, qufco crk uod gc bds prfomfpk bcs rc`crcotcs gc bk @ucrzk pkrk bk Drfcotkmfýo ^kgfmkb gc bk Jdvco Kracotfok (@D^JK). @uc cb `drjfsld, justklcotc, cb arupd co cb quc Mddic comdotrý uo fgckrfd okmfdokb sýbfgd, bucad gc su prflcr bfncrkbfsld. Cb Ncnc sc cotusfkslk mdo sus pbkotcds fgcdbýafmds y clpfczk k trko

Jdho Q. Mddic

73

 

sftkr uo mklfod quc bd bbcvkrë kb okmfdokbfsld pdpubkr comkrokgd pdr cb pcrdofsld. Ucrd Mddic cxtfcogc bks mucrgks gcb okmfdokbfsld y mdlfcozk k mdostrufr uok gc pkrëndbk bd trkospdrtkrë k bkfkfzqufcrgk. Bds trknkjds gcb b Ncnc,quc   sdnrc tdgd bucad gc gc bkssu ugcrcmhk cxpcrfcomfk cxpcrfcom pdstcrfdr k bk acstfýo pcrdofstk, gurkotc bk æpdmk gc bk ^csfstcomfk y, `uogk lcotkblcotc, trks bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok, kpuotko co csk gfrcmmfýo. Cb ldvflfcotd fosurrcmmfdokb bfgcrkgd pdr @fgcb Mkstrd y cb Mhc Aucvkrk skmugfý bds lkoukbcs gc bk fzqufcrgk bktfodklcrfmkok. K bks mdomcpmfdocs lkrxfstks-bcofofstks gcb UM y dtrks drakofzkmfdocs, k bk vìk pkrbklcotkrfk gcb Ukrtfgd ]dmfkbfstk, kb okmfdokbfsld rcvdbu mfdokrfd acocrkblc acocrkblcotc otc clp clpkrcotkgd krcotkgd mdo ccbb ppcrdofsld crdofsld y k bk bkss lctd gdbdaìks arklsmfkoks gcspuotkgks pdr Mddic, mdld kbk fzqufcrgk gcb okmfdokbfsld, sc bcs sulknk bk tcdrìk gcb `dmd, cs gcmfr bk pdsf nfbfgkg gc mdoqufstkr cb pdgcr k trkvæs gc bk aucrrfbbk rurkb. ]flubtëocklcotc, Uufaarýs, ^klds y Hcroëogcz Krrcauf, cotrc fds odlnrcs lës mæbcnrcs, mdlfcozko k gcbfockr bks nkscs gc bd quc scrë cb pcosklfcotd gc bk bbklkgk "'Fzqufcrgk Okmfdokb", quc dnvfklcotc fombuyc fomb uyc k Jku Jkurct rctmhc mhc y Mddic. Co pk pkbknrks bknrks gc Hcroëogcz Krr Krrcauf cauf sc trktk gc "bk tcdrìk acocrkb kpbfmkgk k uo mksd okmfdokb mdomrctd, quc kok bfzk k bk buz gcb lkrxfsld, co tkotd lætdgd gc fotcrprctkmfýo gc bk rckbfgkg, y tcofcogd co mucotk, co prflcr tærlfod, bks pcmubfkrfgkgcs y cb gcskrrdbbd gc mkgk pkìs, bk cmdodlìk, bk hfstdrfk y bk mubturk co sus mdotcofgds mdotcof gds okmfdokbc okmfdokbcss ggc`cosfvds c`cosfvds y rcvdbum rcvdbumfdokrfds fdokrfds,, y mddrg mddrgfok fok tkb ko koë ë bfsfs tcýrfmd mdo bk bumhk prëmtfmk gc bks lksks mdotrk cb flpcrfkbfsld co cb trfpbc pbkod okmfdokb, bktfodklcrfmkod y luogfkb, co cstc drgco". V bk Fzqufcrgk Okmfdokb Okmfdokb mdlcozý mdl cozý k fotc fotcrpr rprctk ctkrr kb pcr pcrdofs dofsld ld gc lkocrk gf`crcotc k mdld bd hkmìk bk fzqufcrgk trkgfmfdokb. Ukrk bds "okmfdokbcs" sc trktknk gc uo ldvflfcotd kotfdbfaërqufmd y kotffl pcrfkbfstk nkskgd prfomfpkblcotc co bk nuraucsìk fogustrfkb, co bk mbksc dnrcrk, co pkrtc gc bk mbksc lcgfk y co cb kbk okmfdokbfstk gcb

70

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Cjærmftd, y sf nfco sc hknìk lkof`cstkgd co bds kûds 75 mdld uok rcvdbumfýo okmfdokb nuraucsk, gcnìk scr kpdykgd pdr bds cbclcotds rcvdbumfdokrfds mdld pkrtc gc uo prdmcsd quc, co bds pkìscs sclfmdbdofkbcs, bbcvknk kb sdmfkbfsld. Cstks fgcks comucotrko uo mklpd `ærtfb pkrk su gcskrrdbbd mdo cb suraflfcotd gc uo kbk fzqufcrgk gc bk lfbftkomfk pcrdofstk co bds tfclpds gc bk ^csfstcomfk. Bk prdsmrfpmfýo dnbfaknk k sus scauf gdrcs k pcoskr vìks kbtcroktfvks pkrk rctdlkr cb pdgcr. Lfcotrks uods cbcaìko cb mklfod gcb pkrtfmfpkmfdofsld, dtrds cogurcmìko sus pdsturks y dptknko pdr bk kmmfýo gfrcmtk. Udr mfcrtd, k lcgfgk quc knrkzknko bds lætdgds vfdbcotds tklnfæo rkgfmkbfzknko sus mdomcpmfdocs fgcdbýafmks. Bks hucbaks gc bds `rfadrì`fmds, co ;636, `dadockgks pdr ]cnks tfëo Ndrrd y Mddic, rcprcscotkrdo uo hftd pkrk bk mdomcpmfýo mdl nktfvk gcb pcrdofsld. Csc lfsld kûd, co gfmfclnrc, bds "hdlnrcs tfarcs" -Sturuomds, scaúo bk vdz qucmhuk- hfmfcrdo su prcscotk mfýo púnbfmk co Wumulëo nkjd bk mdogummfýo fgcdbýafmk gcb Ncnc. Cb tklnfæo bbklkgd Ld Ldvfl vflfco fcotd td Ucrdofstk Ucrdofstk gc Bfncrkmfý Bfncrkmfýoo - Cjær Cjærmftd mftd gc Bfncrkmfýo Okmfdokb (LUB-CBO) crk bfgcrkgd, cotrc dtrds, pdr Cb  Akbbcad  Lkoucb Corfquc Lcok, Juko Mkrbds Gìkz (cb Mdlkogkotc Sturuomd), Acokrd Mkrknkjkb (cb Mdlkogkotc Kbhkjk), @æbfx ]crrkvkbbc (cb Mdlkogkotc Uulk), @rkomd Bupf, Koacb ^cfokbgd Mkstrd y cb rcpunbf rcpunbfmkod cspkûdbuturuomk Knrk Knrkhkl hklscAufbbæo. Au fbbæo. K bkmkod cxpcrfcomfk su sulkrdo lkrdo dtrks dtr ks kmmfdocs krlkgks cco o gfstfotds puotds gcb pkìs y bk kpkrfmfýo gc arupds quc trktknko gc drakofzkr bk "rcncbgìk pcrdofstk", mdld cb Ldvflfcotd ^cvdbumfdok rfd Ucrdofstk (L^U) y bk Juvcotug ^cvdbumfdokrfk Ucrdofstk (J^U), cotrc muyds gfrfacotcs sc comucotrko Austkvd ^ckrtc, Jdrac Gf Uksqukbc Uksq ukbc y Hæmtd Hæmtdrr Pfbbk Pfbbkbýo. býo. Bk cstkgìk gc Mddic co Bk Hknkok trkos`drlý rkgfmkblcotc sus pdsfmfdocs fgcdbýafmks y su lctdgdbdaìk pkrk bk kmmfýo. Urucnk cvf

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

71

 

gcotc gc cstk cvdbumfýo `uc bk mrckmfýo gc su prdpfk karupkmfýo, bbklkgk Kmmfýo ^cvdbumfdokrfk Ucrdofstk (K^U), gc`fofgk pdr su mrckgdr mdld mdl d "uok drakofzkmf drakofzkmfýo ýo quc kb kb tfcl tfclpd pd gc cbcafr bk vìk rcvdbumfdokrfk quc mdodmclds, sc rcmbklk fotcarkotc gcb ldvflfcotd gc lksks pcrdofstks, yk quc od mdomcnflds rcvdbumfýo sfo pcrd ofsld. Wklpdmd mrcclds quc sck lfsfýo quc ods fomulnk cxmbu sfvklcotc k bds pcrdofstks". Bk vìk rcvdbumfdokrfk yk cstknk gc`foftfvklcotc fostkbkgk co Kracotfok. V od sc bflftknk, of lumhd lcods, k lfbftkotcs pcrd ofstks. Wklnfæo dtrds arupds gc `fbfkmfýo lkrxfstk mdlcozkrdo k drakofzkrsc pkrk gcskrrdbbkr bk vìk krlkgk, sfaufcogd cb cjclpbd gcb mkstrfsld: cjclpbds gc cbbds `ucrdo cb Cjærmftd Aucrrfbbcrd gcb Uuc nbd (CAU), gc Jdrac ^fmkrgd Lkscttf, cb Mdlkogkotc ]cauogd, quc fofmfý uo `dmd co ]kbtk9 bks @ucrzks Krlkgks gc Bfncrkmfýo (@KB), uo gcsprcogflfcotd gcb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk9 y bks @ucrzks Krlkgks ^cvd bumfdokrfks (@K^), gc ^dncrtd [ufctd y Lkrmds Dsktfosiy, quc rcúoc k cx lfbftkotcs lfbftk otcs mrfstfkods, gcb UM y cb Ukrtfgd ]dm ]dmfkbfstk fkbfstk Kracotfo Kra cotfodd gc Pkoaukrgfk (U]KgcP). Gcspuæs gcb adbpc gc ;600 quc fostk fostkbk bk co cb ppdgcr dgcr kkbb acocrkb Juk Juko o Mkrbds Doakoìk y su prdycmtd gc ctcrod adnfcrod, gcb `rustrkgd rcarcsd gc Ucrýo, gc bk mdotfoufgkg gc bk prdsmrfpmfýo, gcb rcmrugc mflfcotd rcprcsfvd k pkrtfr gc bk Gdmtrfok gc ]caurfgkg Okmfdokb, bk gc mdomcpmfýo bks drakofzkmfdocs rcvdbumfdokrfks mdlcozý kcxpcrfcomfk kgdptkr uok gf`crcotc k kqucbbk gcpcrdofstks ]fcrrk Lkcstrk. Co Kracotfok, Mddic `uc uod gc bds prflcrds quc vfd quc od sc trktknk gc fr k bk scbvk pkrk clpczkr kbbì bk "aucrrk prdbdoakgk"9 quc bk lctdgdbdaìk lës mdrrcmtk pksknk pdr bk drakofzkmfýo gc aucrrf bbks urnkoks. Cb lës mbkrd cxpdocotc gc cstk fgck `uc Ldotdocrds, quc gdlfoý cb csmcokrfd pdbìtfmd k pkrtfr gcb fofmfd gc bk gæmkgk gcb 15. Bk fo`bucomfk gc Mddic `uc prfomfpkblcotc fgcdbýafmk y sfclprc tcogfý k sfotctfzkr gds fgckrfds hkstk csc ldlcotd frrcmdomfbfk

78

Cb p cr d o f s l d r cv d b u m f d o kr f d

 

nbcs: cb okmfdokbfsld y cb sdmfkbfsld. Cb Ncnc `uc cb pkgrc gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk, pcrd tklnfæo cb mrckgdr gc bk `ýrlubk "sdmfk bfsld okmfdokb", o kmfdokb", quc gdl gdlfoý foý nucok nucok pkrtc gcb gcb pcosk pcosklfcotd lfcotd vcroëm vcroëmubd ubd co bds 05 y 15. Co sus prdpfks pkbknrks, scaúo uok gc bks lumhks mkrtks quc csmrfnfcrk k Ucrýo co ;60;, "hdy co gìk okgfc pfcosk co quc bk bfnc rkmfýo okmfdokb pucgc hkmcrsc sfo bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb, y pdr csd bk bumhk cs gc pdnrcs mdotrk rfmds tklnfæo. Gcsgc quc cstd dmurrc yk od hky okmfdokbfsld nurauæs". Mddic hknìk bdarkgd quc cb okmfd okbfsld kracotfod -co sus drìacocs gc gcrcmhk- sc comdotrkrk mdo bk fzqufcrgk fzqufcrgk okt oktfvk fvk -c -coo sus drìacocs fotclkm fot clkmfdokb fdokbfstkfstk- pk pkrk rk sscbbkr cbbkr bk dpcrkmfýo fotcbcmtukb lës kugkz gcb sfabd XX.

Jdho Q. Mddic

76

 

;8 ;8-= -=-; -;63 631. 1. Bbcako k Uuotk Krcoks (Mhfbc (Mhfbc)) bds scfs g gfrfa frfacot cotcs cs pcrd pcrdofstk ofstks s `uakgds `uak gds   cspcmtkmubkrlco cspcmtkm ubkrlcotc tc gc bk mërmcb gc ^ìd Akbbcad Akbbcads. s. Co bk `dtd, trc trcs s gc cbbds: cb arcarc-  lfkbfstk Ucgrd Adlfs, cb clprcskrfd Jdrac Kotdofd y Mddic.

 

MKUFF WSBD MSKW MKU MSKW^ D CLNBCL CL NBCLK K GC BK ^C]F ]W ]WCO COMF MF K Cb Ncnc `uc uod gc bds prflcrds gfrfacotcs co mkcr   prcsd mdo bk ^cvdbumfýo Bfncrtkgdrk. Cstuvd gctcofgd   co bk Ucoftcomfkrìk y co bks mërmcbcs gc Mkscrds, ^ìd Akbbcads Akbbcads y Sshukfk. Uk Uksý sý `rìd, h hklnr klnrc, c, kprclfds kprclfd s   y kbaúo sflubkmrd s flubkmrd gc `usf `usfbklfcotd bklfcotd y, `fokblcotc,  pkrtfmfpý gc uok `uak mfoclktdarë`fmk. Co uok mkrtk  csmrftk gc puûd y bctrk, Ucrýo bd odlnrý gcbcakgd   y hcrcgcrd. Gcsgc cb cxfbfd, fotcotý rcdrakofzkr   cb ldvflfcotd pcrdofstk y bumhý sfclprc mdotrk bds   gfrfacotcs quc uok skbfgk sfo    cb Acocrkb.pkrtfgkrfds @uc uod gc bdsnusmknko prdtkadofstks gcb kmucrgd mdo @rdogfzf co cb 38, `dadocrd gc bk hfstýrfmk hucbak   gcb `rfadrì`fmd Bfskogrd gc bk Wdrrc y sdpdrtc fotcbcmtukb   gc bk prflcrk aucrrfbbk kracotfok: bds Sturuomds.

Jdho Q. Mddic

 

Mkìgd cb adnfcrod gcb acocrkb Ucrýo, Mddic od tkrgý co mdotkmtkrsc mdo æb y clpczkr clpcz kr k `drlk `dr lkrr cb Mdlkogd Okmfd Okmfdokb okb Ucrdofstk. Bk ^csfs tcomfk k bk Bfncrtkgdrk sc drakofzý rëpfgklcotc, mdo bk lfslk mcbcrfgkg mdo qquc quc bk gfmtkgurk fofmfknk mkmcrìk trks adbpc gco trd gcb adbpc, uc hkn hknìko ìko cjcmutkgd Krklnur Krksu lnuru u y ^d ^djk jks, s,cbgcspbkzko gcspbkzkogd gd co odvfclnrc gcb '33 kb acocrkb Cgukrgd Bdokrgf. Co bk scauogk qufo mcok gc dmtunrc mkc cb Ncnc, qufco cstknk rc`uafkgd co cb gcpkrtk lcotd gcb hfstdrfkgdr rcvfsfdofstk Jdsæ Lkrìk ^dsk: cs folcgfktk lcotc trksbkgkgd k bk Ucoftcomfkrìk gc bk kvcofgk Bks Hcrks. Bk punbfmkmfýo Gc @rcotc,  quc gfrfaìk Mddic, gcouomfý: "Cstë prcsd oucstrd gfrcmtdr. Kbcjkgd gc bk lfbftkomfk kmtfvk gcsgc ;63> sc rcfomdrpdrý k bk kmmfýo co kadstd gc ;633, co bds ldlcotds gc co`rcotkr bk tclpcstkg". Wclpcstkg quc tklnfæo krrksý gìks gcspuæs k bk lfslk punbfmkmfýo, clpujëogdbk k bk mbkogcstfofgkg. Lfcotrks Mddic cstknk co bk mërmcb, k`ucrk, co bks mkbbcs, bks pkrc gcs sc pdnbknko gc pfotkgks quc kscaurknko "Ucrýo Pucbvc", bk acotc sc juotknk co bks csqufoks k mkotkr bk Lkrmhk Ucrdofstk y sc csmdogìk kotcs gc quc bbcakrk bk pdbfmìk co nusmk gc bds bìrfmds lkof `cstkotcs, bds sfogfmktds drakofzknko sus prflcrks hucbaks y mdlco zknko k cxpbdtkr bds prflcrds "mkûds" (ndlnks mkscrks). So vdbkotc mkbbcjcrd rcprdgumìk bks ýrgcocs gcb "tfrkod prý`uad", mdld bks kutdrfgkgcs -quc hknìko mbkusurkgd tdgds bds gfkrfds sdspcmhdsds gc pcrdofsld- bbklknko kb cx prcsfgcotc: "Mkgk mksk gc uo pcrdofstk scrë co kgcbkotc uok uofgkg nësfmk pcrdofstk. Bk MAW, ktrdpcbbkgk pdr bk gfmtkgurk, gcnc prdmcgcr co `drlk sflfbkr. Vd sfad sfcogd cb jc`c gc bks `ucrzks pcrdofstks y okgfc pucgc fovdmkr lf rcprcscotkmfýo. ]f hky cbcmmfdocs sfo cb pcrdofsld, tdgd nuco pcrdofstk gcnc knstcocrsc gc vdtkr. Gcsgc cb cxfbfd, ;µ gc gfmfclnrc gc ;633, Pfvk cb pcrdofsld, Pfvk bk MAW, Juko Ucrýo". Mddic pksk pksk bk Okvfgk Okvfgkgg y cb Kûd Oucvd trks bks rc rcjks jks,, ju juotd otd k gfrfaco tcs mdld Dsmkr Kbnrfcu, Kb`rcgd Aýlcz Ldrkbcs, Dsmkr Ofmdbfof,

3>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Kbcjkogrd Bcbdfr y Jdrac Kotdofd Kotdofd,, cotrc dtrds, kbrcgcgdr ggcc uo uok k lcsk scrvfgk mdo pdbbds y rcakgk mdo mhklpkaoc quc sc flprdvfsý co cb nkûd knkogdokgd gcb pcokb. "K`ucrk lkogkrë Krklnuru, pcrd kmë gcotrd lkogd yd", yd" , gfjd gfjd cb cb Ncnc, quc hdlcokjcý k bds prcsds pdbìtf mds. Ucrd mfomd gìks gcspuæs su odlnrc scrìk arftkgd co bds pksfbbds gc bk Ucoftcomfkrìk: Krklnuru qucrìk gcldstrkr quc ofoaúo rfomýo sc csmkpknk kb fo`bujd gc su pdgcr. Cb 0 gc cocrd, Mddic clprcogfý cb vfkjc gc lës gc = lfb ifbýlc trds hkstk cb pcokb gc Sshukfk juotd k sus mdlpkûcrds Aýlcz Ldrkbcs, Mcrcfjd, Lcogæ, Aklndk, Icbby, Bcbdfr, Kbnrfcu, Kotdofd, Ofmdbfof, Kbdæ, Mdfrc y @krìks Aýlcz, cotrc dtrds. Gcspuæs gc gfcz hdrks gc vucbd, bds gctcofgds `ucrdo mdo`fokgds co bks fohýspftks mcbgks gcb pcokb mcrrkgd uods kûds kotcs pdr cb adnfcrod pcrdofstk, quc bd mdosfgcrý fohulkod. Kscgfkgd pdr cb `rìd, lkbtrktkgd, tdtkb lcotc fomdluofmkgd, lkb kbflcotkgd, vcstfgd gc lkrfocrd, rcmds tkgd sdnrc sdnr c uo mklks mklkstrd trd gc hfcrrd y co uo buakr sumfd y okus okuscknuogd cknuogd,, cb Ncnc pksý bds gìks lës tcrrfnbcs gc su vfgk.

Cb gcbcakgd ]fo clnkrad, mdotrk bks prcgfmmfdocs gc sus mkrmcbcrds, bds rcds od `ucrdo qucnrkgds. V co kn knrfb rfb clpczkrdo k gfs`ru gfs`rutkr tkr gc mfcrtd mfcrt d rcbkj rcbkjk k lfcotd gcb gurd ræaflco fotcrod. Cs lës, Mddic pugd rdlpcr cb mcrmd y mdluofmkrsc mdo Ucrýo -yk bd hknìk hcmhd gcsgc bk Ucof tcomfkrìk-, bd quc bc vkbfý mdovcrtfrsc co cb hdlnrc gcb Acocrkb. Cb rcmdodmflfcotd sc gfd sfo fotcrlcgfkrfds. Co uok mkrtk cb prdpfd bìgcr csmrfnc: "Cb gdmtdr Mddic `uc cb úofmd gfrfacotc quc sc mdocmtý mdo lfad y cb úofmd quc tdlý knfcrtklcotc uok pdsfmfýo gc knsdbutk fotrkosfaco fotrko sfacomfk mfk mdl mdldd mrcd yd quc mdrrcspdogc kkbb l ldl dlcotd cotd quc vfvc vfvc oucstrd ldvflfcotd". Co lkyd gc csc kûd, cb Ncnc cs oucvklcotc trksbkgkgd, cstk vcz rulnd k bk mërmcb gc Mkscrds, gdogc sc rcúoc mdo cb pkgrc Hcroëo

Jdho Q. Mdd Mddic ic

3=

 

Ncoìtcz, Kotdo Ncoìtcz, Kot dofd fd Mk`fcrd, Kuau Kuaustd std Pkogd Pkogdr, r, Hæmtd Hæmtdrr Mëlpd Mëlpdrk rk y Gkrì krìd d Kbcsskogrd, cotrc dtrds odtknbcs pcrdofstks. ]u oucvk bdmkmfýo cs uo kgcbkotd pkrk æb. Cstë co bk Mkpftkb, cb ræaflco cs lcods gurd y pucgc, gcsgc kbbì, bk ^csfstcomfk trks rctdlkr bks rcjks.cb mdotkmtd `bufgd mdo Ucrýo y mdlkogkr Co Mkscrds, Mddic sfauc, pdr lcgfd gc uok rkgfd k trkosfstd rcs, bds kmdotcmflfcotds gcb 6 gc juofd gc ;630 y sc cotcrk gc bds pdstcrfdrcs `usfbklfcotds gcb acocrkb Juko Jdsæ Pkbbc y sus mklkrk gks gc krlks y gc bds mfvfbcs kscsfokgds co Jdsæ Bcýo ]uërcz. K bk lkûkok sfaufcotc, Mddic cs vìmtflk gc uo sflubkmrd gc `usfbklfcotd co bk Csmucbk gc Lcmëofmk gcb Cjærmftd. Gurkotc cb trksbkgd kbaufco, mdo sdrok, bc gfmc: "´V vds4 ´Mdo csc odlnrc qucræs trknkjkrbk gc okmfdokbfstk4 ´V mdo csk pkozk qucrìks scr gfrfacotc pdbìtfmd4". Bucad bd mdbdmkrdo, juotd k bds bds gclës, ggcbkotc cbkotc gcb pkrcgýo gc `usfbklfc `usfbklfcotd otd y bd tuvfcrdo gc pfc tdgd cb gìk k bk cspcrk gc bk gcsmkrak quc jklës `uc cjcmu cjcmutkgk. tkgk. Gc rcarcsd kb pcokb, Mddic rcmfnc gds mkrtks gc Ucrýo (gcb ;> gc  juofd  juo fd y gcb ;; gc jubfd) co bk bkss qquc uc cb bìgcr justfm justfmfkbfs fkbfstk tk mucs mucstfdok tfdok bk kmmfýo lfbftkr gc Pkbbc y sdstfcoc quc "sc hko gc k`frlkr bks hdrks gc bds pucnbds lcgfkotc rcvdbumfdocs sdmfkbcs" sdmfkbcs".. Bk rcbk rcbkmfý mfýoo cpfstd bkr od pksk gcskpcrmfnfgk pkrk bks kutdrfgkgcs mkrmcbkrfks, quc co kadstd gcmfgco trksbkgkr kb Ncnc k Sshukfk y bucad bd pkscko pdr bk Ucoftcomfkrìk gc bk kvcofgk Bks Hcrks, dtrk vcz bk mërmcb gc Mkscrds, y co odvfclnrc bk gc ^ìd Akbbcads. Co csc ìotcrfo rcmfnc bk mkrtk lës flpdrtkotc `frlkgk pdr Ucrýo, quc, `cmhkgk co Mkrkmks, y punbfmkgk co D Abdnd gfmc: "Kutdrfzd kb mdlpkûcrd Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, kmtukblcotc prcsd pdr scr `fcb k su mkusk y k oucstrd ldvflfcotd, pkrk quc ksulk lf rcprc scotkmfýo co tdgd kmtd d kmmfýo pdbìtfmk. ]u gcmfsfýo scrë lf gcmfsfýo, su pkbknrk lf pkbknrk... Co mksd gc lf `kbbcmflfcotd co æb gcbcad cb lkogd".

37

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Bk arko `uak Jdho bc csmrfnc k su pkgrc sdnrc bks mdogfmfdocs gc su comfcrrd: "Bk mërmcb cs trfstc y búaunrc, y mkrcmc gc bks lës cbclcotkbcs mdld gfgkgcs... pcrdpcr`cmtklcotc co okgk lc tclpbkgd k`cmtko bks pcourfksCstdy `ìsfmks, pucs tcoad cb cspìrftu y trkoqufbd... pkakogd cb prcmfd gc lf bckbtkg y gc bks mdsks quc hkræ co cb `uturd pkrk nfco gc oucstrd qucrf qucrfgd gd pkìs... pkìs... H Hcc hcmhd klfstk klfstkgcs gcs lu lumhd mhd lës flpdr tkotcs pdrquc cstëo nkskgks co cb rfcsad y cb su`rflfcotd mdlpkr tfgds". Co csks mkrtks ìotflks gfrfafgks k su pkgrc rcsulc tdgd cb mbflk gc uok æpdmk. Ucrd cb ;1 gc lkrzd sc vfvc uod gc bds cpfsdgfds lës mfoclk tdarë`fmds gc bk ^csfstcomfk Ucrdofstk. Csc gìk, Jdrac Kotdofd sdndroý k uo mkrmcbcrd, y cb arupd mdlpucstd pdr Icbby, Adlfs, Mddic, Mëlpdrk y Cspcjd, gfs`rkzkgds gc dnrcrds gc uo `rfadrì`fmd y rcvýbvcrcs co lkod, sc knrìko pksd pdr bks mcbgks, `rkoquckogd pucrtks gc rcjks y k bds arftds. K`ucrk gcb pcokb bds cspcrknk uo mdmhc gc kpdyd, mdo cb mkrmcbcrd mýlpbfmc kgcotrd y, sdpdrtkogd cb vfcotd hcbkgd, bds prý`uads mdrrfcrdo hkmfk æb. Cb kutd pkrtfý rulnd k Mhfbc. Bk `rdotcrk bk mruzkrdo k pfc y cb Ncnc bbcvý bk pcdr pkrtc pdrquc mdo su lksk mdrpdrkb cxmcgfgk co bk mkrrcrk sc trdpczý y tuvd uo csaufomc co cb tdnfbbd, pdr bd quc bbcaý rcoauckogd kb pkìs trkskogfod. Lfcotrks bks kutdrfgkgcs mhfbcoks bcs d`rcmìko ksfbd, bds gfkrfds kracotfods fo`drlk nko: "]cfs nko: "]cf s jcrkrmks gcb gcb ræa ræaflco flco gcpucstd gcpu cstd hk hkoo bdarkgd csmkpkr gc bk mërmcb gc ^ìd Akbbcads". Co Mhfbc, Mddic sc rccomucotrk mdo Kbfmfk Caurco y sc trksbkgko k Uuotk Krcoks. Coscaufgk rctdlk uok `bufgk mdrrcspdogcomfk mdo Ucrýo. Cb prfomfpkb prdnbclk quc comucotrko co cb ldvflfcotd cs bk kmtukmfýo gc bds ldgcrkgds d pkrtfmfpkmfdofstks, quc fotcotko bbcakr k uo kmucrgd mdo bk gfmtkgurk lfbftkr. "Gcnclds mdosfgcrkr lës pcbfardsds k bds bds prdpfds trkfgdrcs quc k bds coclfads kmtukbc kmt ukbcs-csm s-csmrfnc rfnc Ucrýo-. Cs pcdr pkrk odsdtrds uo ]kkgf, Nrkluabfk, Kutsmhcr, Lcr

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

33

 

mkotc, Mkstrd, ctmætcrk, quc bds quc mkpftkocko ocd`drlkmfdocs pdbìtfmks rkgfmkbcs d mbcrfmkbcs okmfdokbfstks". Juotds gfsmutco quæ hkmcr rcspcmtd gcb bbklkgd k cbcmmfdocs mdostftuycotcs y mdomucrgko co quc bk skbfgk cs bk knstcomfýo y cb vdtd co nbkomd, y quc mukbqufcr dtrk kmtftug scrë mktkbdakgk mdld trkfmfýo. Udr csk lfslk `cmhk mdlfcozko bds sdogcds y bks gfsmusfdocs sdnrc mýld kmtukr co bks cbcmmfdocs prcsfgcomfkbcs gcb >= gc `cnrcrd gc ;638. Co cb scod gc bk fotcbcmtukbfgkg pcrd ofstk mdcxfstìko gds pdsfmfdocs mbkrklcotc comdotrkgks: Jkurctmhc y ]mkbknrfof Drtfz, qufcocs trknkjko co bk rcvfstk [uæ,  nkjd bk gfrcmmfýo gc ^dacbfd @rfacrfd, kndako pdr cb kpdyd kb mkogfgktd gcb rkgfmkbfsld fotrkosfacotc, Krturd @rdogfzf9 bk dtrk, sdstcofgk pdr Mddic, pbkotck quc bk SM^F cs uo pkrtfgd adrfbk y nurauæs, mdld bds gclës. Ucrýo dogubk cotrc klnks pdsturks, yk mdbdmkgd co cb buakr gcsgc gdogc ncogcmfrë k tdgds. Co scptfclnrc gc ;631, Caurco vfkjk k Mkrkmks, gdogc sc comuco trk Ucrýo, y bc cotrcak cb Fo`drlc Acocrkb y Ubko gc Kmmfýo cbknd rkgd pdr cb Ncnc, quc od pucgc skbfr gc Mhfbc. Bks bìocks prfomfpk bcs gc csc trknkjd sdo: cb rcmdodmflfcotd gcb pcrdofsld mdld uo ldvflfcotd rcvdbumfdokrfd, bk mdovfmmfýo gc quc cb prdmcsd cbcmtd rkb knbkogý kb pcrdofsld `kvdrcmfcogd bk kpkrfmfýo gc uok bìock mdomfbfkgdrk (‒ uok uok fo`fbtrkmfýo ggcsvfk csvfkmfdofs mfdofstk", tk", bk bbklk bbklk), ), quc hky quc "pdocr `fo kb mdo`usfdofsld quc prdgumco bks mdosfaoks mdotrkgfm tdrfks", quc sc gcnc mdodmcr mbkrklcotc bk vcrgkgcrk gfrcmmfýo y quc gcnc hkncr kkbaufco baufco mdo kutdrfgkg fogfsmutfgk y quc cs ocmcskr ocmcskrfd fd bbcvkr kgcbkotc uok "pdbìtfmk fosurrcmmfdokb". Gìks gcspuæs, Mddic rcmfnc bk ncogfmfýo gc Ucrýo, qufco bd `cbf mftk pdr "cb mukgrd cxkmtd y bk cxmcbcotc fo`drlkmfýo quc pdscc y bk kglfrknbc unfmkmfýo. Od sýbd kprucnd cb Fo`drlc y Ubko co tdgks sus pkrtcs sfod quc bd comdlfd mdld gcldstrkmfýo `chkmfcotc gc sus cxtrkdrgfokrfks mdogfmfdocs gc mdogumtdr".

30

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Cb Ukmtd Ucrýo-@rdogfzf Co kadstd, Mddic hknìk rcmfnfgd co Mhfbc k bds prflcrds clfskrfds gc @rdogfzf, cotrc cbbds ^dacbfd @rfacrfd, ^fmkrgd ^djd y Clfbfd Ucrfok (Ldfsæs Idostkotfodvsiy), qufcocs nusmknko cb kpdyd gcb pcrdofsld pkrk bks cbcmmfdocs gc `cnrcrd gcb 38. Wrkoslftfgk bk fo`drlkmfýo k Ucrýo, cb cx prcsfgcotc mdotcstý kb Ncnc: "Cs fogugknbc quc sf bks mfrmuostkomfks `ucrko dtrks y sc pugfcrk tcocr uo lìof lìofld ld gc mdo mdo`fkozk `fkozk co @rdogfzf, mdsk quc gcsmkrtd, cb d`rcmflfcotd trkoslftfgd pdr bds clfskrfds quc bc hko vfsftkgd od scrìk gcsmkncbbkgd". Udr csk `cmhk, cb gcbcakgd gc Ucrýo qucgk co bfncrtkg pdr uo `kbbd gc bk Justfmfk mhfbcok y bd prf prflcrd lcrd quc hkmc cs `d `drlkbfzkr rlkbfzkr bcakblco bcakblcotc tc su lktrfldofd mdo Kbfmfk Caurco, bk lumhkmhk kqucbbk quc hknìk mdodmfgd vkrfds kûds ktrës y quc crk su mdlpkûcrk gcsgc ;633. Co gfmfclnrc vfkjk k Ukoklë, mruzk k Mkrkmks y sc comucotrk mkrk k mkrk mdo Ucrýo. Gc csks rcuofdocs pkrtfmfpko kgclës Icbby, Ndrbcoahf, ]kkgf, ]crú Akrmìk, Jdsæ Kbdosd y Jdrac Kotdofd, cotrc dtrds, hkmfæogdsc cvfgcotc bks arfctks fotcroks quc yk cxfstco co cb ldvflfcotd. Cb Ncnc gfsmutc gurklcotc gurklco tc mdo cb Wurmd Kotdofd y Ucrýo tcrmfk pkrk cvftkr quc sc bc vkyk gc bks lkods cb cqufbf nrfd gc pdgcrcs. @fokblcotc, co csks rcuofdocs, cb bìgcr gcmfgfý rckbfzkr cb pkmtd mdo @rdogfzf. K `focs gc csc lfsld lcs, covìk bds tcbcarklks k Mhfbc pkrk quc @rfacrfd vfkjc k Mkrkmks. Co cocrd gcb 38, cb rcprcscotkotc gc @rdogfzf yk cstknk co bk mkpftkb vcoczdbkok: lkotuvd trcs rcuofdocs mdo Ucrýo y dtrks tkotks mdo Mddic, Mddic, qufco csmrfnfý cb tcx tcxtd td gc gcbb kmucrgd gc`foftfvd. Cs æb lfsld qufco rcbktk, co Ucrdofsld c fotcarkmfýo,  mýld `uc cb prdmc prdmcsd: sd: "Bks nkscs nkscs gcb kmucrgd `ucrdo tdl tdlkogd kogd `drlk k trk væs gc lfs kpuotcs y gcspuæs `uf comkrakgd pdr cb Acocrkb Ucrýo gc rcgkmtkr cb pbko pdbìtfmd quc prdpdogrìklds... Gcb tclk pctrýbcd sc hknbý gc pkskgk pdrquc od hknìk gfsmrcpkomfks... Ucrýo cxfafý quc cb Ukmtd `ucrk pdr csmrftd... ^cgkmtæ cb gdmulcotd... Vd sdstcoìk

Jdho Q. Mddic

31

 

fotrkosfacotclcotc fds puotds gcb pcrdofsld, y cb Acocrkb crk cb úofmd quc pdgìk hkmcr mdomcsfdocs... ]c skmý uok mbëusubk rc`crcotc kb mklnfd gc lkogds lfbftkrcs, sc nusmknk uok pdbìtfmk gc kutdknkstcmflfcotd gc pctrýbcd k trkvæs gc VU@, ctmætcrk. Mdodmìklds cb pkmtd Ucrýo, @rdogfzf, @rfacrfd y yd, y Corfquc Dbfvk quc crk lf mdbkndrkgdr". @fokblcotc cb Ukmtd `uc scbbkgd co `cnrcrd gc ;638, k csmksds gìks gc bks cbcmmfdocs prcsfgcomfkbcs. Lfcotrks csd dmurrc co Pcoczucbk cs gcrrdmkgd cb prcsfgcotc Uærcz Jflæocz y bk mdoldmfýo pdbìtfmk dnbfak k Ucrýo k rc`uafkrsc co bk clnkjkgk gdlfofmkok co Mkrkmks. Mdo æb cstëo Mddic y Icbby, y tklnfæo Fskncb cotrc dtrds. Bucad gc kbauoks hdrks gc fomcrtfgulnrc -uok lubtftug rdgck bk scgc gfpbdlëtfmk, mdovcomfgk gc quc kbbì sc csmdogco vkrfds `uomfdokrfds gcb ræaflco gcrrdmkgd-, cb arupd pkrtc rulnd k ^cpúnbfmk Gdlfofmkok pkrk fostkbkrsc co ]kotd Gdlfoad. Sok vcz kbbì sc cotcrko gc quc @rdogfzf hknìk akokgd bks cbcmmfd ocs y quc scrìk cb prýxfld prcsfgcotc gc bds kracotfods. Ucrýo gcmfgc quc Mddic vfkjc mdo Caurco k Ldotcvfgcd pkrk `drlkr uo gcodlf okgd "Mdlkogd Kgcbkotkgd". Co bk mkpftkb uruaukyk, bds "kgcbkotkgds" mdlprucnko quc @rdogfzf, trks uok uokss prflcrks sclkoks gc lcgfgks l cgfgks pdpubkrcs, mdlfcozk k trkf mfdokr bk bctrk gcb pkmtd, y bk prflcrk scûkb cs quc cb lfofstrd gc Wrknkjd y Urcvfsfýo cs odlnrkgd sfo kmucrgd gcb pcrdofsld. Bucad, cb trktd sc hfzd kûfmds. @rdogfzf, prcsfdokgd d od pdr bds scmtdrcs lës kotfpcrdofstks, qucgý jkquckgd y mdo pdmd lkraco gc kmmfýo. Bd mfcrtd cs quc k hdrks gc ksulfr yk sc hknbknk gc uo oucvd pkmtd gcb prcsfgcotc mdo rcprcscotkotcs gcb arko clprcskrfkgd fogustrfkb y bk ]dmfcgkg ^urkb. Cb odlnrklfcotd gc Kbvkrd Kbsdakrky, clnbclk gcb bfncrkbfsld mdoscrvkgdr co Kracotfok, mdld lfofstrd gc Cmdodlìk tcrlfok gc kmbkrkr bks mdsks.

38

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Bks pdbìtfmks gc kjustc pdr fo`bkmfýo sc gcabutfcrdo bds kulco tds skbkrfkbcs fofmfkbcs y cb gcskrrdbbfsld mdlcozý k ncoc`fmfkr kb mkpftkb cxtrkojcrd y k bks clprcsks gc mkpftkb okmfdokb mdomcotrkgd, co gctrflcotd gc bk pcqucûk y lcgfkok clprcsk. ]fo clnkrad, cb pkmtd `uc mulpbfgd pkrmfkblcotc: bk Bcy gc Ksdmfkmfdocs Urd`csfd okbcss bc gcvdbvfý bds arclfds okbc arclfd s kb kb pcr pcrdofsl dofsld d y, y, sdnrc tdgd tdg d co cb prflc prflcrr kûd gc adnfcrod, sc prdgujd uok tìlfgk kpcrturk hkmfk bks hucstcs gcb bìgcr cxfbfkgd. Co juofd gcb 38, mukogd bks rcbkmfdocs yk cstknko gctcrfdrkgks pcrd od qucnrkgks, @rdogfzf bc pfgc k Mddic quc cotrc mbkogcstf oklc ok lcotc otc kb pkìs ppkrk krk tc tcoc ocrr uo gfëbdad mk mkrk rk k mk mkrk rk sdnrc sdnr c bk sftukmfýo sftukm fýo pdbìtfmk. Mdo gdmulcotds `kbsds, cb Ncnc sunc kb Ufppcr, ktcrrfzk co Nucods Kfrcs y cs trksbkgkgd k uok mksk gc bk Zdok Odrtc gdogc bd kaukrgk cb prcsfgcotc. -Mddic, ocmcsftd scscotk gìks lës pkrk pdgcr lkofdnrkr, y pkrk csd ustcgcs gcncrìko `kmfbftkrlc cb mbflk quc lc pcrlftk gcscovdbvcrl gcsco vdbvcrlc c sfo kaftkm kaftkmfýo fýo pd pdpub pubkr. kr... .. -´]knc quæ pksk4 Mkgk gìk sc ods hkmc lës gf`ìmfb rcsfstfr bk prcsfýo adrfbk quc bdarý flpdocr uok pdbìtfmk quc od gk sdbumfdocs k bk bk mbksc trknkjk trknkjkgdrk gdrk y k csd sc bc karcak uok vfd vfdbkmfýo bkmfýo cxprc cxprcsk sk gc bd mdovcofgd, cb odlnr od lnrklfc klfcotd otd gcb lfo lfofstrd fstrd gc W Wrk rknk nkjd jd.. @rcotc k cstks mdsks mds ks,, pfcrgc `ucrzk `ucrzk cb kraulc kraulcotd otd gc quc gc gcncl nclds ds hkmcr skmrf`fmfds pkrk cvftkr cb adbpc adrfbk. ]f bd quc dmurrc cs quc adnfcroko bds adrfbks adrfb ks pdr fotcrlcgfd suy suyd, d, pucs cotdomcs cs lcjdr lc jdr quc adnf adnfcroco croco gfrcmtklcotc gfrcmtkl cotc y kksuotd suotd tcrlfokgd, pdrquc ksì ksì od sscc pucgc scau scaufr. fr. Vd bc vdy k mdlcotkr tdgd cstd k Ucrýo y tklnfæo bc vdy k fo`drlkr bk gcouomfk quc hk hcmhd (Kgdb`d) ]fbcozf gc ]tkaof rcspcmtd k bk pdbìtfmk pctrdbcrk... -´Od -´O d mrcc mrccrë rë ustcg quc vdy k hkmcr mdomcsfdocs gc pctrýb pctrýbcd4 cd4 -fotcrrul -fotc rrulpfý pfý @r @rdo dogf gfzf zf.. -Vd od mrcd okgk, sýbd lc bflftd k trkoslftfrbc uok foqufctug.

Jdho Q . Mddi Mddicc

36

 

-Ucrd lfrc, ]mkbknrfof Drtfz sfauc trknkjkogd mdo odsdtrds, prc aúotcbc k æb. -Nucod, bc vdy k trkoslftfr k Ucrýo... -Od nkstk quc bc trkoslftk k Ucrýo, qucrclds quc kgclës bd vck mdld mdovcofcotc, quc hkak juakr bk arkvftkmfýo pdmk d lumhk quc pucgk tcocr kotc Ucrýo, pkrk quc ods mdomcgk csk trcauk. Mukogd Mddic vdbvfý k Ldotcvfgcd, sc comdotrý mdo uok mkrtk gc Ucrýo, uok gc bks lës prd`ætfmks gc cstk æpdmk. ]fo skncr nfco bd quc cstknk dmurrfcogd, cb acocrkb csmrfnfý: "Urcsfcotd quc cstd od vk nfco. nfc o. Od lc foqu foqufctk fctk tkotd cb cb ffomulpbflfco omulpbflfcotd td lkof`fcstd quc cstklds prcscomfkogd, prcsco mfkogd, mdld m dld bk scoskmfýo scoskmfýo quc rcmfnì gc gc quc cs cstklds tklds sfcogd lkofdnrkgds... Od mrcd quc cb pucnbd kracotfod pcrlkoczmk flpksf nbc kotc bd quc cstklds prcscomfkogd. ]f bds flpksfnbcs sdlds odsdtrds, gcnclds gcncl ds kmcptkr quc bds quc cstklds lkb sdlds tklnfæo odsdtrds pdrquc od cstklds k tdod mdo cb Uucnbd. Mukogd bks kmmfd ocs pdpubkrcs sc rckbfzko, bds gfrfacotcs gcnco cstkr kb `rcotc pkrk flpubskrbks, od pkrk gctcocrbks. Bds pucnbds lkrmhko mdo sus gfrfaco tcs k bk mknczk d mdo bk mknczk gc sus gfrfacotcs... Udr bd quc vcd, @rdogfzf hkmc bd lcods quc pucgc y bd hkmc sfclprc mdogfmfdokgd k bd quc gfmco bds adrfbks y bds pdbìtfmds quc bd rdgcko... rdgcko... Cstklds Cstklds co lkods gc @rdogfzf lfcotrks sfaklds co bk pdsfmfýo quc cstklds y trfstc sucrtc cs bk gcb quc sc mdbdmk lkosklcotc co lkods gc su coclfad". Cb >7 gc jubfd, @rdogfzf hkmc cb kouomfd gc bds mdotrktds pctrdbcrds mdo cb supucstd vfstd nucod gc Ucrýo c fokuaurk bd quc sc bbklý bk "Nktkbbk gcb Uctrýbcd". Mddic skbfý k gcslcotfr pdr bks rkgfds mukb qufcr kvkb y gcouomfk bk trkfmfýo gc`foftfvk kb pkmtd pdr pkrtc gcb `rdogfmfsld. ]mkbknrfof Drtfz sc kbcjk gc bk rcvfstk [uæ y rctfrk su kpdyd kb kb adnfcrod. Cb pcr pcrdofsl dofsldd vucbvc k bbkk dpdsfmfýo. V co odvfcl nrc mdlfcozko bks hucbaks gc bds trknkjkgdrcs pctrdbcrds. Cb ;; ;; gc csc lcs, lc s, M Mddi ddic c rctdrok rctdrok kkbb pkìs pkìs pkrk kmcbcr kmcbcrkr kr bds tfcl tfclpd pdss y cs folcgfktklcotc gctcofgd y kbdjkgd co uo nuquc gc aucrrk.

05

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Co cb lcgfd gc uo pbko gc bumhk quc Fombuyc hucbaks prdarcsfvks, cb adnfcrod flpdoc cb cstkgd gc sftfd y cmhk lkod kb Ubko Mdofotcs. Ucrd, Uc rd, k lcgfkgds gc gfmfcln g fmfclnrc, rc, gcmfgc bfncrkr kkbb gcbcakgd gc Ucr Ucrýo ýo pdrquc lkotcocrbd prcsd sfaof`fmknk uok vfrtukb gcmbkrkmfýo gc aucrrk. Cb úbtfld gìk gc csc kûd @rdogfzf kouomfý su Ubko gc Cstknfbfzkmfýo y Gcskrrdbbd, mdo cb kpdyd gc bds drakofslds fotcrokmfdokbcs gc mræ gftd y bks clpr clprcsks csks trksokmfdokbcs. tr ksokmfdokbcs. Mddic od bd gugý. Bks mdogfmfd mdogf mfd ocs gcb pbko klcrftknko uok cotrcvfstk pcrsdokb mdo Ucrýo pkrk kok bfzkr bds pksds k scaufr. Kbbì sc pusfcrdo gc kmucrgd co rctdlkr bk bumhk sfo mukrtcb mdotrk cb adnfcrod. Csks `ucrdo bks fogfmkmfdocs quc cb Ncnc trkj trkjd d k Kra Kracotf cotfok ok cb ;;;; gc cocrd cocrd,, y quc od `ucrd `ucrdo o gcb karkgd pkrk uok mdogummfýo pkrtfgkrfk quc pkrcmìk lës mýldgk co bk sftuk mfýo gc pkmtd, kuoquc `ucrk k mdstk gc skmrf`fmkr k Ucrýo. Sok sclkok gcspuæs cstkbbý cb mdo`bfmtd pdr bk prfvktfzkmfýo gcb `rfadrì`fmd luofmfpkb Bfskogrd gc bk Wdrrc. Mcrmk gc 6 lfb dnrcrds dmu pkrdo bks fostkbkmfdocs y bks 0> Drakofzkmfdocs mdovdmkrdo k uok hucbak acocrkb pdr tfclpd fogctcrlfokgd. Bk tdlk mdostftuyý uo hftd co bk hfstdrfk gcb ldvflfcotd dnrcrd. Cb ;6 gc cocrd cb pkìs cstë pkrkgd y bds vcmfods sc sulko kb rcmbkld dnrcrd co bks mkbbcs gcb nkrrfd gc Lktkgcrds. Mddic hknbk gc uok vfrtukb "fosurrcmmfýo" y sc sdbfgkrfzk mdo bds bìgcrcs gc bk rcvucbtk. Bk mdosfaok quc lës sc rcpftc gfmc: "Kaukotkr uods gìks y vucbvc vucbvc Ucrýo". Cb Ncnc, `urfnuogd, csmrfnc: "Od cs pdsfnbc prdsmrfnfr kb pucnbd. Od sknclds sf cstc ldvflfcotd cs sunvcrsfvd, csd cs uok mucstfýo gc tcrlfodbdaìk y co bds pkìscs mdbdofkbcs sdo bks dbfakrquìks bks quc lkocjko cb gfmmfdokrfd. Ucrd sì sknclds quc cb pucnbd cstë co su gcrcmhd gc kpcbkr k tdgds bds rcmursds y k tdgk mbksc gc bumhk pkrk flpcgfr quc sfak kgcbkotc cb sfofcstrd pbko cotrcaufstk. Csk y od dtrk cs bk lctk quc prdmurk cb Justfmfkbfsld comknczkgd pdr su jc`c cb Acocrkb Ucrýo".

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

0;

 

Bk rcspucstk d`fmfkb od gcjk buakr k gugks: sc mdovdmk kb Cjærmftd y k bk Acogkrlcrìk. Cb `rfadrì`fmd cs rdgckgd y bks tkoquctks gcrrfnko bds pdrtdocs lfcotrks bds sdbgkgds gfspkrko k lkoskbvk. Bk rcprc sfýo cs nrutkb, pcrd co csc prflcr gìk od bdark rctdlkr bks fostkbkmfd ocs. V kb gìk sfaufcotc cstkbbk bk rcvdbumfýo co Lktkgcrds. Bk acotc skbc k bk mkbbc, bds mdlcrmfkotcs mfcrrko bds ocadmfds, gko vucbtk bds mklfdocs, sc bcvkotko nkrrfmkgks co tdgks bks csqufoks. Cb nkrrfd sc mdovfcrtc co cb mdrkzýo gc bk rcsfstcomfk pcrdofstk gurkotc 78 hdrks. ^cmfæo cb >> gc cocrd, bks `ucrzks lfbftkrcs bdarko flpdocr cb drgco co bk zdok. Bk hucbak cs gcrrdtkgk y 3 lfb trknkjkgdrcs pfcrgco sus pucstds gc trknkjd. ]cnkstfëo Ndrrd, gfrfacotc gc bk mkroc, cs gctcofgd. Cb adnfcrod bfnrk uok drgco gc mkpturk mdotrk Mddic, qufco bdark csmkpkrsc k Ldotcvfgcd. Gc folcgfktd cb Mdoscjd ]upcrfdr y Mddrgfokgdr gcb Ucrdofsld clftc clf tc uo mdluofmkgd gcspcaëogdsc gcspcaëo gdsc gc bks kmmfdocs gcb gcb `rfadrì`fmd y kraulcotkogd quc cb mdo`bfmtd rcspdogfý k "uok kbfkozk gc uo scm tdr gcb gcb pcrdofsld mdo ccbb mdluofs mdl uofsld" ld" y kscaurko kscaurkogd gd quc ""Jdho Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic mkrcmc gc kutdrfgkg gcotrd gcb ldvflfcotd". Cs cb prfomfpfd gcb `fo gc su prdtkadofsld gcotrd gc bks `fìks gcb ldvflfcotd. Cb Ncnc bc csmrfnfrë uok mkrtk gc prdtcstk k Ucrýo, quc ouomk `uc mdotcstkgk. Gurkotc lkrzd lkotfcoc vkrfks rcuofdocs mdo æb co Mfu gkg Wrujfbbd, muyd mdotcofgd jklës trksmcogfý. Bd úofmd quc pucgc bccrsc cotrc bìo bìock ckss cs cb co`r co`rfklfc fklfcotd otd gc bks rc rcbkmfdocs bkmfdocs cotrc klnds. klnds. Kbcjkgd gc bds prflcrds pbkods, Mddic fotcotk trkosftkr dtrks cxpc rfcomfks rfcom fks y vucbvc kb kb ppcrfdgfsl crfdgfsldd mdo cb sclkokrfd ]dbumfdocs,  gcb mukb pkrtfmfpko Fsfgdrd Afbncrt (Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk), ]kotfkad Nkrncrfs (Ukrtfgd Gclýmrktk Urdarcsfstk), Bfskogrd Mknkbbcrd c Fslkcb Pfûks, cotrc dtrds. Bk punbfmkmfýo tfcoc uok mbkrk flprdotk kotfflpcrfkbfstk y dpdsftdrk dpdsftdr k kkbb adnfcr adnfcrod od `rdogfm `rdogfmfstk fstk y cbkn cbkndrk drk uok uok cstrktcafk gc krtfmu bkgd cotrc bk lfbftkomfk arclfkb pcrdofstk y mdluofstk.

0>

Cb p c r d o f s l d r cv d b u m f d o kr f d

 

Udr cstds lcscs, Mddic csmrfnc su coskyd Bk bumhk pdr pd r bk bfncrk mfýo okmfdokb, bcìgd co cb Mdoarcsd gc bk Bfncrkmfýo Okmfdokb, quc drakofzko co odvfclnrc gc ;636 bks 0> Drakofzkmfdocs. Kbbì, co mbkvc arklsmfkok, sdstfcoc bk ocmcsfgkg gc rckbfzkr uo `rcotc cotrc gfstfo tks `ucrzks "pkrk co`rcotkr kb coclfad rckb, cb flpcrfkbfsld". Gìks gcspuæs, surac co bk prdvfomfk gc ]kotfkad gcb Cstcrd bk prflcrk aucrrfbbk ldgcrok gc Kracotfok. ]do bds Sturuomds (hdl nrcs tfarc, co qucmhuk) y cstëo bfgcrkgds pdr cb "Mdlkogkotc Kbhkjk" Acokrd Mkrknkjkb, "Mdlkogkotc Sturuomd" Juko Mkrbds Gìkz, y cb "Mdlkogkotc Uulk", @æbfx ]crrkvkbbc. Bds prfomfpkbcs fgcýbdads sdo cb Akbbcad Lkoucb Lcok y cb rcpunbfmkod cspkûdb Knrkhkl Aufbbæo, y Mddic kpkrcmc mdld cb bìgcr okturkb y su kpdyd bdaìstfmd gcsgc Nucods Kfrcs. ]u gurkmfýo cs c`ìlcrk, yk quc co bk Odmhcnucok gcb 36 tdlko !k mdlfskrìk gcb pucnbd gc @rìks y bdarko csmkpkr, pcrd bk mrucbgkg gc bk pcrscmumfýo bds dnbfak k gfsdbvcr cb arupd. Co bds prflcrds lcscs gc ;605, Mddic gfsucbvc cb sclkokrfd ]dbu mfdocs y  yk  yk l luy uy kfsbkg kfsbkgdd gcotrd gc gcbb pcrdofsld, clprcogc clprc ogc cb vf vfkjc kjc quc mklnfkrìk su vfgk pdbìtfmk y prd`uogfzkrìk sus mdovfmmfdocs fgcdbýafmks.

J d h o Q . Md d i c

0=

 

Mdo Kbfmfk Caurco, su mdlpkûcrk gc tdgk bk vfgk, co uod gc sus tkotds   rccomucotrds. Gcskpkrcmfgk co cb 11, tuvd uok codrlc fo`bucomfk pcrsdokb   y pdbìtfmk sdnrc Md Mddi dic. c.

 

MKUF MK UF WSBD MF OMD BK] W^C] @K]C] G GC C ]S ]S F GCK CK^ ^F D Bk `ksc fofmfkb gc su vfgk fotcbcmtukb dmupk bds prflcrds   kûds, mukogd kúo sc k kûds, ksulìk sulìk mdl mdld d rkgfmk rkgfmkbb yr yrfady fadycofstk. cofstk.  Bk scauogk fombuyc su dnrk mdld gfputkgd okmfdokb, co   uo prfomfpfd, y mdld bìgcr gc bk ^csfstcomfk, uok vcz mkìgd  cb pcrdofsld. Co cstk scauogk ctkpk, yk okmfdokbfstk  rcvdbumfdokrfd, cxpcrflcotk uo prdmcsd gc rkgfmkbfzkmfýo  pcrlkocotc. pcrl kocotc. V c co o su tcrmcrk `ksc, mdo c cbb trf trfuo uo`d `d gc bk  ^cvdbumfýo Munkok knrkzk kb lkrxfsld mdld hcrrklfcotk  gc koë koëbfsfs. bfsfs. Ku Kutd tdrr gc Kp  Kpuo uotc tcs s pkrk bk lf lfbft bftko komfk mfk  y   Ucrdofsld Ucrdofsl d y ^cvdbum ^cvdbumfýo, fýo, cb prfomfpkb kpdrtc gc Mddic  `uc bk fgck gc bk fogfvfsfnfbfgkg gc bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb y   bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb gc bds pucnbds gc Bktfodklærfmk.

Jdho Q . Mdd Mddic ic

03

 

]f nfco Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic crk `uogklcotkblcotc uo hdlnrc gc kmmfýo, uo lfbftkotc y uo gfrfacotc pdbìtfmd, su prfomfpkb kpdrtc `uc su prdgummfýo fotcbcmtukb, mdld pcrfdgfstk, coskyfstk y pcoskgdr. Cb Ncnc pucgc scr mdosfgcrkgd cb mdotfoukgdr pcrd, pcrd, kb lfsld lfs ld tfcl tfclpd, pd, bk mublfokmfýo gcb bbklkgd pcosklfcotd okmfdokb. Wklnfæo `uc qufco supd fotcrprctkr lcjdr kb pcrdofsld gcsgc uok ýptfmk lkrxfstk. Kuoquc Kuoq uc od cxtr cxtrclkg clkgklc klcotc otc tcýrfmk tcýrfmk,, su dnrk quc mdo mdostk, stk, cotrc sus tìtubds prfomfpkbcs, gc bk Mdrrcspdogcomfk Ucrýo-Mddic, Kpuotcs pkrk  bk lfbftkomfk, Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbumfýo  y Bk bumhk pdr bk bfncrkmfýo   okmfdokb, kbmkozk uo ofvcb gc prd`uogfgkg gf`ìmfb gc sdsbkykr. ]fo clnkrad, su pcosklfcotd od cs hdldaæocd. Kb lcods mdostk gc trcs ctkpks: bk prflcrk hkstk ;673, bk scauogk cotrc ;673 y ;605, y bk tcrmcrk pdstcrfdr k bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok, gcsgc cstc úbtfld kûd hkstk su lucrtc, co ;608. Mdo cb pksd gcb tfclpd, su pcosklfcotd `uc rkgfmkbfzëogdsc hkstk cotrcmruzkr, `fokblcotc, cb lkrxfsld y cb okmfdokbfsld. Bk prflcrk ctkpk cs bk gcb Mddic `klfbfkr. Kbbì, cb Ncnc kúo  kúo lko tfcoc tfco c su kglfrkmfýo pdr ccbb bfncr bfncrkbfsld kbfsld foabæs (y tklnfæo pdr cb rd rdbb hfs týrfmd gc bk Mdrdok co Hfspkodklærfmk), mrcc co bds prcmcptds gdmtrfokrfds gc bk bìock Lkyd-Mkscrds, y kglfrk k Nkrtdbdlæ Lftrc, Gdlfoad Gdlfo ad @kust @kustfod fod ]krlfcotd y Juko Nkutfstk Kbncrg Kbncrgf.f. Cs quc sf nfco sc fgcotf`fmk mdld yrfadycofstk fotrkosfacotc, csc rkgfmkbfsld, quc mdlnktc kb Pfcjd ^æaflco pdr mkgumd, od mucs tfdok mflfcotds ldgcrod of bksk cstrumturks lfmksbds gcbfockgks pdrgcb bdsCstkgd scmtdrcs gdlfokotcs prfomfpfds gccmdoý ;805. Dnvfklcotc, cstc Mddic cs uo hdlnrc mdlprdlctfgd mdo bk fostftumfdokbfgkg bfncrkb, quc co cscomfk mucstfdok bk `kbtk gc mulpbf lfcotd gcb Cstkgd gc gcrcmhd. ]u bumhk cs mdotrk cb `rkugc cbcmtd rkb, mdotrk bk gcldmrkmfk vkmìk flpucstk pdr bd quc yk sc cotfcogc mdld dbfakrquìk. ]f nfco od pkrtfmfpk co csc arupd, sc comucotrk mcrmkod k kbauods gc bds kraulcotds gc bk @D^JK gc Jkurctmhc y ]mkbknrfof Drtfz, kuoquc od mdlpkrtk su trkgfmfýo okmfdokbfstk.

00

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Cb prf prflcr lcr mklnfd mkln fd gc pfcb mdlcozkrë k prdgumfrsc co ;6 ;67=, 7=, mukogd mdodmc k Mæskr Lkrmds, `rutcrd gcb lcrmkgd Gdrrcad, sund`fmfkb gcb Cjærmftd, kpcoks mdo cstugfds prflkrfds y uok mkpkmfgkg fotcbcmtukb quc krrksknk y bd mdovfrtfý co cb aurú gc tdgk uok acocrkmfýo gc mukgrds pcrdofstks, gc bk quc Mddic scrë cb prfomfpkb rc`crcotc. Lumhd Lum hd kotcs gc mdovcrtfr mdovcrtfrsc sc co su klfad, bk bkss bk bkrak rakss mhk mhkrbks rbks gc sdnrc lcsk mdo Lkrmds bd bbcvkrdo k rcvfskr tdgds sus mdomcptds sdnrc hfstdrfk kracotfok, mdlcozkog m dlcozkogd d pdr pdr kqucbbk kqucbbk vfsfýo hìpcr mmrìtfmk rìtfmk quc tcoìk rcspcmtd gc Juko Lko Lkoucb ucb gc ^d ^dsk skss y bds mkugfbbds `cgcrkbcs.

Bk `ksc pcrdof pcrdofst stk k Ukrk ;673, Mddic yk cstë mdovcomfgd gc quc bks nkogcrks gcb rkgf mkbfsld yrfadycofstk sdo rcsmktkgks y rc`drlubkgks pdr bds prfo mfpfds pcrdofstks gc Fogcpcogcomfk Cmdoýlfmk, ]dncrkoìk Udbìtfmk y Justfmfk Justf mfk ]dmfk ]dmfkb.b. Bd fotcrcskotc gc cstk ctkpk cs quc, kb knkogdokr cb rkgfmkbfsld, od pdr cbbd knkogdok knkogdok bds prcmc prcmcptds ptds bcakbfstks bcakbfstks y mdostftumfdokbfstks, bbcvkogd fomdrpdrkgks bks odrlks gcldmrëtfmks, csc prfomfpfd gc "`c mìvfmk" quc mkrkmtcrfzý k bk prflcrk SM^, mdld bd gc`fofcrk cb hfstdrfkgdr hfstdr fkgdr Wub Wubfd fd Hkbpcrìo Gdoahf. So kxfdlk mdotrk fzqufcrgks y gcrcmhks quc cb Ncnc sdbìk rcpc tfr cs quc of uoks of dtrks "jklës pdgrëo prcogcr co oucstrd pucnbd, pdrquc cstëo co puaok mdo bk bìock kracotfok gc okmfdokbfsld gcld mrëtfmd mrët fmd quc mdostftuyc oucs oucstrk trk l lcjdr cjdr trkgfmfýo". Bk mucstfýo cs mbkvc pdrquc sc pbkotck co lcgfd gc bds gcnk tcs pdr bk rc`drlk mdostftumfdokb gc ;676 y co pbcod cogurcmflfcotd gc bks rcbkmfdocs cotrc cb adnfcrod y bk dpdsfmfýo. Mddic cstknk mdo vcomfgd gc quc cb pcrdofsld, mdo su lkydrìk pdbìtfmk, pdgìk hkmcr `rcotc k bk dpdsfmfýo gcotrd gcb jucad gcldmrëtfmd, kb lcods hkstk quc cbbk od gcmfgk rdlpcr bks rcabks fostftumfdokbcs. Cstc cs cb ldlcotd, tklnfæo, co cb quc pbkotck su mrìtfmk lës `crdz k bk cmdodlìk bfncrkb, y pdr cogc k tdgd cb kogklfkjc fgcdbýafmd

Jdho Q. Mddic

01

 

quc sustcotk kqucbbk csmucbk. Bk gcsfaukbgkg cmdoýlfmk -sdstcoìkmdovfrtfý k bk faukbgkg gc dpdrtuofgkgcs co uo lftd, y bk bfncrtkg pdbìtfmk cs luy rcbktfvk, pdrquc bk mbksc gfrfacotc co bd cmdoýlfmd bd cs tklnfæo co bd pdbìtfmd. Co cb fgckrfd gcb scauogd Mddic, cotdomcs, sc prcscotk uo oúmbcd gc fgcks icyocsfkoks quc prdpdoc uo rdb `ucrtclcotc fotcrvcomfd ofstk kb Cstkgd pkrk rclcgfkr bks fojustfmfks quc dmksfdok cb lcrmkgd mdld úofmd kacotc rcaubkgdr. Ukrk æb, cb Cstkgd gcnìk hkmcr `rcotc k bds bds ld ldodp odpdbfd dbfdss y akrkotfzkr ofvcbcs gc vfgk gfaok k bds trknkjkgdrcs. Fr lës kbbë gc csd sfaof`fmknk cotrkr co cb tcrrcod tcrrc od gc bk sdmfkbfzkmfýo sdmfkbfzkmfýo,, quc focvftknbclcotc flpbfmknk tdtkbftkrfsld. Co cstk ctkpk pkrcmc cvfgcotc quc bk rcbkmfýo quc cb cotdomcs `cr vdrdsd okmfdokbfstk cstknbcmc mdo cb lkrxfsld cs gc sdspcmhk y gcsmdo`fkozk. Ucrd tklnfæo cs mfcrtd quc mdlfcozk k bccr sus tcxtds mdo kvfgcz y quc sc comucotrk fotcrcskgd co bds kspcmtds sdmfkbcs y bfncrkgdrcs quc tfcoco kutdrcs mdld Ikrb Lkrx, @rfcgrfmh Coacbs y Bcofo. Co uo scotfgd, pdgrìk gcmfrsc quc utfbfzk bks hcrrklfcotks gc koëbfsfs gcb lkrxfsld pcrd od sus prcmcptds pdbìtfmds. Dtrd cbclcotd mcotrkb co cb koëbfsfs mddickod cs quc pkrk æb bk bumhk gc mbkscs od cs bk mdotrkgfmmfýo `uogklcotkb quc prflk co bds pkìscs pcrf`ærfmds, mdbdofkbcs d scl sclfmdbdofkbcs. fmdbdofkbcs. Cs Cstë të mdovcomfgd gc quc bk gfmd tdlìk nësfmk pkrk Kracotfok sc gk cotrc bk Okmfýo y cb Flpcrfkbfsld. Udr sdnrc tdgks bks mdsks, Mddic cs uo okmfdokbfstk scgumfgd pdr bk "Wcrmcrk Udsfmfýo" quc, cotfcogc, od cs uok vkrfkotc gcb mkpftk bfsld sfod uo sfstclk mdlpbctklcotc gf`crcotc y cqufgfstkotc gc klnds ldgcbds. ]u fgck cs quc bk Okmfýo od cs "ocmcskrfklcotc" uok supcrcstrumturk nuraucsk pkrk gc`cosk gc bds ncoc`fmfds gc bks mbkscs prfvfbcafkgks. ]caúo sus prdpfks pkbknrks: "Of ^cvdbumfýo ^usk of 7 gc Jubfd (pdr cb Gìk gc bk Fogcpcogcomfk odrtcklcrfmkok). Of tdrvds prdpýsftds gc bfqufgkmfýo co lksk of rctýrfmk bfncrtkrfk sfo rc`bcjd co bk vfgk cmdoýlfmk. ]flpbclcotc okmfdokbfsld".

08

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Wrks cb adbpc gc ;633, Mddic mdlfcozk uo rëpfgd prdmcsd gc rkgfmkbfzkmfýo quc sc vk rc`bcjkogd co bk mdrrcspdogcomfk mdo Ucrýo, qufco bc csmrfnc gcsgc cb cxfbfd y bd odlnrk su rcprcscotkotc co Kracotfok. Cb pcrìdgd co mucstfýo cs bk kotcskbk pkrk bk tcrmcrk `ksc quc sc prdgumc mukogd bbcak k Munk y sc mdovfcrtc co lfbftkotc gc bk rcvdbumfýo bktfodklcrfmkok. Ucrd hkstk ;636, cb Ncnc prd`uogfzk bk bìock fotrkosfacotc gcotrd gcb pcrdofsld quc mdosfstc co dpdocr uok skbfgk fosurrcmmfdokb k bk vìk adbpfstk d k bk cbcmtdrkbfstk, prdpuaokgk pdr dtrds arupds pkrk quc nrkr bk prdsmrfpmfýo. Kb hkmcr uo nkbkomc gc bk ^csfstcomfk, d`rcmc uo  jufmfd dr drfa fafo fokb, kb, kb pbk pbkotck otckrr quc "cb pcrdofsld sc `drtkbcmf `drtkbcmfýý gu gurkotc rkotc gds gds kûds gc pcrscmumfdocs. Cb fo`drtuofd bd gcpurý, bc pcrlftfý kbmkozkr uok lìstfmk gc mdlnktc y uok gfoëlfmk rcvdbumfdokrfk tcogfgk hkmfk bk tkrck fosurrcmmfdokb". Ukrk Mddic, co gc`foftfvk, bk mkìgk gcb adnfcrod, gc su adnfcrod, od bc vfod gcb tdgd lk lkbb kb pcrdofsld, co tkotd bd rcldgcbý mdld bd quc ouomk gcnfý gcjkr gcjkr gc sscr: cr: uo ld ldvflf vflfcotd cotd rcvdbumfd rcvdbumfd okrfd co bumhk sfo mukrtcb mdotrk bds fotcrcscs flpcrfkbfstks.

Bk crk gc bk ^c ^cvdb vdbumf umfýo ýo Bk oucvk `ksc gc Mddic mdlfcozk k gcbfockrsc k pkrtfr gc su vfkjc k Munk, Mu nk, co ;605, mukogd bk rcvdbumf rcvdbumfýo ýo tdg tdgkvìk kvìk cstknk gc cstrcod. Gcsgc kbbì bc csmrfnc k Ucrýo fotcotkogd mdovcomcrbd gc bks lkrkvfbbks mdosc aufgks co bk fsbk pdr @fgcb Mkstrd y bds suyds. Cb prdmcsd munkod sc mdo vfcrtc pkrk æb co cb oucvd puotd gc pkrtfgk pdbìtfmd y cstrktæafmd pkrk bds rcvdbumfdokrfds bktfodklcrfmkods: bktfodklcrfmkods: cs uo cjclpb cjclpbdd gc rcvdbumfýo sdmfk sdmfkbb trfuo`kotc k pcskr gc bk cstrcmhk prdxflfgkg gc Cstkgds Sofgds. Ucrd bk tftëofmk tkrck quc æb lfsld sc flpusd `uc gclksfkgd: prc tcogfý cxpbfmkrbc cb pcrdofsld k bds "nkrnugds" munkods y, kb lfsld tfclpd, mdovcomcr k bds pcrdofstks quc bd cspcrknko co Kracotfok gc quc cb `uturd cstknk lkrmkgd pdr csds jývcocs rcncbgcs. Dnvfk lcotc, cb Ncnc od mdosfaufý mulpbfr ofoauok gc bks gds lfsfdocs.

Jdho Q. Mddic

06

 

Mukogd sus mdlpkûcrds pcrdofstks mrftfmknko k bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok pdr mdluofstk, æb sdbìk rcpbfmkrbcs: "Bds mdluofstks sdlds odsdtrds, co úbtflk fostkomfk, pdrquc od sdlds uok klcokzk tcý rfmk sfod uok pdsfnfbfgkg mdomrctk. Bds mdluofstks co Kracotfok sdlds odsdtrds, pdrquc cb flpcrfkbfsld ykoquf od sc auìk pdr gc`fofmfdocs `fbdsý`fmks sfod pdr hcmhds prëmtfmds9 y cb ldvflfcotd gc lksks quc pdoc co pcbfard bks fovcrsfdocs, cb drgco sdmfkb y bk scaurfgkg hclfs`ærfmk, csd cs cb mdluofsld". Ukrk Mddic, cb kprcogfzkjc lës flpdrtkotc gcb prdmcsd bfgcrkgd pdr Mkstrd crk mýld sc cotrdomknk bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb mdo bk bfnc rkmfýo sdmfkb: "Bk rcvdbumfýo okmfdokb sfclprc cs co pkrtc sdmfkbfstk, sfclprc cs uo pksd hkmfk cb sdmfkbfsld, lkydr d lcodr gc kmucrgd k bks mfrmuostkomfks dnjctfvks mdomrctks quc cxfstko co cb pkìs... Vd mrcd quc Klærfmk Bktfok sc clkomfpkrë sfcogd sdmfkbfstk. [uc cb pcrdofsld, quc scrë cb mdogumtdr gc bk bfncrkmfýo kracotfok, scrë sdmfkbfstk", bc csmrfnfý k Ucrýo, co juofd gc ;60>. Co csk bìock gc pcosklfcotd, cotcogfý quc cb pcrdofsld y cb mkstrfsld crko `drlks okmfdokbcs gc uok lfslk bumhk rcvdbumfdokrfk mdotfocotkb y quc crk supcr`fmfkb prctcogcr quc bks sdbumfdocs `uc rko fgæotfmks y kutdlëtfmklcotc trkos`crfnbcs. K pkrtfr gc kbbì, sus mkrtks mdlcozkrdo k trkmmfdokr k Ucrýo hkmfk Bk Hknkok. Ucrd Mddic kúo lkotcoìk bk nksc cstrumturkb gc sus fgcks kotc rfdrcs rfdr cs y ouomk ouomk qufsd gcsprcogcrsc gc`foftfv gc`foftfvklcotc klcotc gc gcbb pdbfmbksfsld pdbfmbksfsld quc mkrkmtcrfzk kb pcrdofsld. Cs kbbì gdogc su pcosklfcotd od sýbd sc vfomubk mdo bks fgcks gc su jc`c pdbìtfmd sfod tklnfæo mdo cb mdomcptd gc nbdquc hfstýrfmd gcb mdluofstk ftkbfkod Kotdofd Arklsmf -cstd cs lës cvfgcotc co su bfnrd Bk bumhk pdr pd r bk bfncrkmfý bfncrkmfýo o okmfdok okmfdokb-. b-. K pcskr pcskr gc su mbk mbkrk rk drfcotkmf drfcotkmfýo ýo rrcvdbumfdo cvdbumfdokrfk, krfk, Mddic gcjknk gcjknk uo cspk mfd k bds scmtdrcs gc bk nuraucsìk, od co bk gfrcmmfýo gcb `rcotc okmfd okb sfod mdld kbfk kbfkgds gds flprcsmfogfnbcs: "Khdrk pdg pdgrëo rëo kmtukr `rcotc `rcotcss okmfdokbcs pburfmbksfstks, pcrd mdo bks mbkscs rcvdbumfdokrfks -dnrcrds,

15

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

mklpcsfods, fotcbcmtukbcs, pcqucûk nuraucsìk-co cb mdlkogd. V clpfc mco mdld clpfcmco ttcrlfokrëo crlfokrëo co cb sdmfkbfsl sdmfkbfsld. d. Bk Bkss tcogcomfks fotcr oks quc qufcrco foldvfbfzkr bk sftukmfýo y od mdosfgcrkrbk mdld puotd gc krrkoquc krrkoquc pk pkrk rk trkos`dr trkos`drlkmfdocs lkmfdocs sunsfaufcotcs scrëo scrëo krrkskgks krrkskgks". ". Mddic pkrtìk gc gds supucstds ocmcskrfds: ;) quc bds cbclcotds od rcvdbumfdokrfds gcotrd gcb pcrdofsld kmcptkrìko bk hcacldoìk gc bds cbclcotds rcvdbumfdokrfds, y >) quc sc prdgumfrìk uok rc`drlubk mfýo od sýbd gc bk kbfkozk mbësfmklcotc pcrdofstk sfod tklnfæo gc sus prdarklks gc adnfcrod. Hkstk cotdomcs, cb pcrdofsld hknìk bbcvkgd kgcbkotc bks lkydrcs rc`drlks sdmfkbcs9 gc khì co lës sc pbkotcknk bk sdmfkbfzkmfýo gc bk cmdodlìk mdld dnjctfvd prfomfpkb. "Cs prcmfsd quc cb adnfcrod sck gcb pucnbd -bc csmrfnìk k Ucrýo-, quc bk prdgum mfýo sck gcb pucnbd... Hky quc sdmfkbfzkr lumhd, y hky quc sdmfkbfzkr tdgd bd quc sck cxpkosfýo prdldvfgk gcsgc cb Cstkgd". Co su mdostkotc mdrrflfcotd hkmfk bk fzqufcrgk, Mddic `uc kfsbëo gdsc gcb rcstd gc bk mdogummfýo justfmfkbfstk, cspcmfkblcotc gc bk quc hknìk dptkgd pdr cb fotcarkmfdofsld k bds adnfcrods gc turod. Fombusd cb prdpfd Ucrýo clpczknk k hkmcr dìgds sdrgds k bds fotcotds yk gcscs pcrkgds gcb Ncnc pkrk quc sc gc`fofcrk pdr bk vìk rcvdbumfdokrfk. Co ;60>, cb bìgcr y su gcbcakgd yk sknìko quc mdrrìko pdr scogks mksf pkrkbcbks. @uc cotdomcs quc Mddic hfzd púnbfmks sus gf`crcomfks, k bks quc csmdogìk gcnkjd gc bk mkrkmtcrfzkmfýo gc lctdgdbýafmks mukogd co rckbfgkg crko `uogklcotkbcs. "Co cscomfk bd quc sc gfsmutc gfsm utc cs uo prdnbclk gc rftl rftld, d, gc mýld mýl d dpcrkr sdnrc bk bkss bìock bìockss gc kmmfýo quc ustcg hk trkzkgd pkrk cb ldvflfcotd. Sstcg vc bk ocmc sfgkg gc uo gcscovdbvflfcotd arkgukb hkmfk pdsfmfdocs quc lubtf pbfmkrìko oucstrd pdgcrìd y `kmfbftkrìko bks nktkbbks `fokbcs mdotrk bk dbfakrquìk. Vd dpfod quc csk lcjdrk gcmfsfvk gc oucstrk sftukmfýo cstrktæafmk od ods gclkogk of mdlnfokmfdocs mdlpbfmkgks of pdbìtf mks k bkrad kbmkomc y nkstk bk gcmfsfýo grëstfmk y tkjkotc, pdmks y mktc aýrfmks lcgfgks gc su pkrtc, pkrk cbflfokr pbkzds y trklftkmfdocs".

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

1;

 

^cmfæo co cocrd gc ;600, Mddic cotcogfý quc klnks pdsfmfdocs fgcdbýafmks crko crko gf`crcotc gf`cr cotcss y quc od sc trktk trktknk nk gc uok scom scomfbbk fbbk mucs tfýo lctdgdbýafmk. "S "Sstc stcg g prdmcgc co `drlk `drlk luy gf`crcotc k bbk k quc Ncnc  yd prcmdofzd y, k vcmcs, `drlk tdtkblcotc kotftætfmk". tdlknk mdomfcomfk `fokb gccoquc cb gfstkomfklfcotd od tcoìk Cb rctdrod.

Cb úb úbtftfld ld Mddic Knsdbutklcotc scgumfgd pdr bk `faurk gcb Mhc Aucvkrk, su klfad pcrsdokb, y pdr su mdlpkûcrk Kbfmfk Caurco, Mddic kvkozk co su kglfrkmfýo pdr bds prflcrds bdards gc bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok. Sok pkrtfmubkrfgkg gc csc prdmcsd sc clpkrcotknk mdo kotfauks mdovfmmfdocs suyks: sfclprc hknìk mrcìgd quc bk ldrkb rcvdbumfdok rfk crk uo scotflfcotd cscomfkb. [uc prflcrd gcnìk akokrsc bk nktkbbk pdr bk bcaftflfg bcaftflfgkg kg pdbìtfmk pk pkrk rk bucad pdg pdgcr cr vcomcr k bds coclfad coclfadss co cb mklpd gc nktkbbk. [uc bk supcrfdrfgkg ldrkb gcb lfbftkotc rcvdbu mfdokrfd gcnìk scr gcldstrkgk mdo cb skmrf`fmfd gcsfotcrcskgd y bk gfspdsfmfýo k bumhkr bumhkr y ldrfr ld rfr pdr su pucnbd y su pktrfk pktrfk.. "O "Odsdt dsdtrds rds pcr tcocmclds k cstc luogd oucvd gc hdlnrcs hcrdfmds uofgds pdr cb pd r bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdo okmfdokb. kb. fgckb rcvdbumfdokrfd", csmrfnìk co Bk bumhk pdr Hkmfk cb `fo gc su vfgk, Mddic, quc od hknìk pdgfgd mdovcomcr k bds munkods gc bk dotdbdaìk rcvdbumfdokrfk gcb pcrdofsld, tcrlfoý mktcqufzkgd mktcqu fzkgd pdr bk vfsfýo lkrxfstk y gc`fofco gc`fofcogd gd kb kb pc pcrdofsld rdofsld gcsgc uok pdsturk mbksfstk. Wcrlfoý mrcycogd quc bks mdotrkgfmmfdocs fotcr oks gcb ldvflfcotd okmfdokb bd bbcvknko k su prdpfk gcstrummfýo, lës fombusd quc cb kmmfdokr gc sus coclfads bdmkbcs y cb flpcrfkbfsld. Mddic kgdptknk yk bk lfslk lfrkgk gc bk fzqufcrgk trkgfmfdokb sdnrc cb pcrdofsld. Ukrk æb, cotdomcs, bk kbfkozk gc ;673 sc hknìk qucnrkgd mdo bk mrfsfs cmdoýlfmk y, kb kmknkrsc bk ndokozk gc pdsaucrrk, bk pujk gfstrfnutfvk sc hk hknì nìkk gcabutfgd k bds `uog `uogklco klcotds tds gcb `rcotc `rcot c ok okmfd mfdok okb.b. Vk co`rcotkgd k lumhds cx mdlpkûcrds -tk -tkln lnfæo fæo gcb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd-, sdstcoìk quc "cb pcrdofsld cs rcvdbumfdokrfd, pcrd

1>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

od cstë drakofzkgd kgcmukgklcotc pkrk bks tkrcks rcvdbumfdokrfks... Cs uo uo afakotc fovcrtcnrkgd y lfd lfdpc pc", ", rcsu rcsulìk lìk,, lustfd, co Bk bumhk... Co dtrds csmrftds cs mrftds `uc fombusd lës ëmfgd ëmfgd:: "Od "O d sc pucgc p ucgc krlkr k bk mbksc trknkjkgdrk pkrk quc gc`fcogk k su ræaflco -sc rc`crìk k bk pdsf nfbfgkg gc `drlkr lfbfmfks dnrcrks co ;633-, y kb dtrd gìk gcmfrbc 'Nucod, l'hfjd, gcvucbvk bks krlks y vkyk k prdgumfr pbusvkbìk pkrk cb pktrýo'." Ucrd su oucvk lfrkgk bd clpujknk k uo mkbbcjýo sfo skbfgk, mdos mfcotc mdld crk gc bk rcldtk pdsfnfbfgkg gc quc cb pcrdofsld pcr gfcrk su fo`bucomfk sdnrc bks lksks kracotfoks. Ucosknk, kb `fo, quc mdo cb pcrdofsld od sc pdgìk hkmcr bk rcvdbumfýo, pcrd quc tklpdmd sc bk pdgìk hkmcr sfo æb. Udr csd sdstcoìk quc "cb pcrdofsld od gcskpkrcmcrë pdr sustf tumfýo sfod lcgfkotc supcrkmfýo gfkbæmtfmk, cs gcmfr, od ocaëogdbd, sfod fotcarëogdbd co uok sìotcsfs". ]u rcodvkgk fgck gc @rcotc Okmfd okb mdosfstìk co uok klkbaklk gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk mdo bks fzqufcr gks trkgfmfdokbcs -sfclprc quc bdarkrko supcrkr su scmtkrfsld- y dtrds scmtdrcs sdmfkbcs. Ukrk æb, Ucrýo fnk k qucgkr co bk hfstdrfk mdld "cb lëxfld vkbdr gc bk pdbìtfmk gcldmrëtfmd nuraucsk co Kracotfok, uo prclkrxfstk quc, pdr fotcbfacomfk d pdr mdodmflfcotds acocrkbcs, sfauc bk cvd bumfýo quc tdlk bk hfstdrfk y sflpktfzk mdo bks `ucrzks quc rcprcscotko cb `uturd, bd mukb od sfaof`fmk quc sck co cstc ldlcotd cb gcstfokgd k trkzkr uok pdbìtfmk rcvdbumfdokrfk". ]fo clnkrad, Mddic tklpdmd pdgìk gcsprcogcrsc gc`foftfvklcotc gc su vfcjd bìgcr, uok lcbkomdbìk rcmdodmfnbc tklnfæo co lumhds lfbf tkotcs rcvdbumfdokrfds gc bk gæmkgk gcb sctcotk. "Ucrýo -gcmìk cb Ncnc-  od sýbd cs cb krtì`fmc gc bk úofmk æpdmk co quc cb dnrcrd `uc `cbfz. Cs cb rcmucrgd, cb sìlndbd, gc bk prflkvcrk rcvdbumfdokrfk gcb prdbctkrfkgd kracotfod, gcb ldlcotd mcoftkb gc bks arkogcs mdoqufstks sdmfkbcs y bks rcfvfogfmkmfdocs rcfvfogfmkmf docs okmfdok okmfdokbcs. bcs. Udr Udr ccsd, sd, su lf lftd td sc kbflcotk tk tkotd otd gc bk kghcsfýo gc bds dnrcrds mdld gcb dgfd quc bc prd`csk bk dbfakrquìk".

Jdho Q. Mddic

1=

 

Gc @rcotc, bk rcvfstk quc mrcý mdo su cotrkûknbc cotrkûk nbc klfa d Mæskr Mæskr Lkrmds co lkrzd  gc ;6 ;63 37: gcsgc sus pëafo pëafoks ks mrftfmý kspcmtds ocaktfv ocaktfvds ds gc su adnfcrod.

 

MKUF MK UF WSBD ] ]C CF ] BD [SC UCO]KNK

 K mkn mknkbb kbbd d cot cotr r c bk tcd tcdrr ìk y bk pr prëmt ëmtf f mk,kpksfdokotcs Mddic Mdd ic prdt pr dtkad kadof uod gc bds rcmdrrfgds pdbìtfmds lës gc ofzý bkzý     hfstdrfk mdot md otclpdr clpdrëock ëock.. V, V, k`drt k`drtuokgklcot uokgklcotc, c, su su  pcrlkocotc kmtfvfgkg co cb mklpd gc bk kmmfýo od   gcsmufgý bk mrckmfýo co cb mklpd gc bks fgcks. So mbkrd   rcafstrd gc cbbd hky co sus fotcrvcomfdocs púnbfmks,  sus bfnrds, sus sus cgftdrfkbc cgftdrf kbcss pcrfdgìstfmds, gdm gdmulcotds, ulcotds,   mkrtks, mk rtks, cotrcvfs cotrcvfstks. tks. Cotrc sus mdos mdostkotcs tkotcs prcdmupkmfdo p rcdmupkmfdocs cs  fotcbcmtukbcs sc rcpftco bk okturkbczk gcb flpcrfkbfsld,  cb okmfdokbfsld, bk lfbftkomfk rcvdbumfdokrfk, bk  ^cvdbumfýo Munkok, cb pkpcb gcb pcrdofsld y su gcstfod   mdld mdl d `kmtýtul `kmtýt ul gc bk bfncrk bfncrkmfýo mfýo ok okmfdokb mfdokb y sdm sdmfk fkb.b.

Jdho Q. Mddic

13

 

Lf nuco odlnrc odlnr c y hdodr  (Fotcrokgd co cb Hdspftkb gc Mbìofmks, k puotd gc scr fotcrvcofgd qufrúrafmklcotc pdr uo mëomcr gc publýo, csmrfnc su tcstklcotd) "[ucrfgk Kbfmfk: yk k puotd gc scr dpcrkgd gcscd cstknbcmcr kbauoks fogfmkmfdocs, gfspdsfmfdocs y gfrcmtfvks quc, bklcotknbc lcotc, pcrtcocmco k bd lkmknrd, pcrd mrcd lcjdr mdosfaokrbks cxprcsklcotc... Co mksd gc quc lf cstkgd sc karkvc y cotrc co mdlk, gcncs dmupkrtc gc quc nkjd ofoaúo prctcxtd of krtflkûk sc lc kmcrquc pcrsdo pcr sdokb kb cmbcsfëstfmd, ldojks, ctmætcrk, d sc fotcotc ssulfofstrk ulfofstrkrlc rlc skmrklcotds, cxdrmfslds, ctmætcrk. Bk prdhfnfmfýo bds skmcrgdtcs quc scko klfads pcrsd okbcs. Mdlprcogdfombuyc quc, ykk quc pkrk lì mkrcmc gc flpdrtkomfk tdgd rftukb, kbauoks pcrsdoks quc lc qufcrco pfcosco quc cxkacrd bks fostrummfdocs. Ucrd cs quc gcscd lkotcocr fotkmtd 'lf nuco odlnrc y hhdodr'." dodr'." Mkrtk k Kbfmfk Caurco, Hdspftkb gc Mbìofmks gc Nucods Kfrcs, >; gc   kadstd gc ;608.

Bk tcdrìk pdbìtfmk "Bk tcdrìk pdbìtfmk od cs uok mfcomfk cofalëtfmk muyk jcrkrquìk mknkbìstfmk lkocjko uods pdmds fofmfkgds, sfod uo fostrulcotd gc bks lksks pkrk gcsktkr bk trclcogk pdtcomfk mdotcofgk co cbbks. Od bcs bbcak mdld uo mdojuotd gc lkogklfcotds gfmtkgds gcsgc bks kbturks, sfod pdr uo prdmcsd gc su prdpfk mdomfcomfk hkmfk bk mdl prcosfýo gcb luogd quc hko gc trkos`drlkr." Mkrtk Mk rtk k Juko Gd Gdlfo lfoad ad Ucrý Ucrýo, o, gfm gfmfcl fclnrc nrc gc ;60 607. 7.

10

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

]dnrc cb cb p pcrdofsld crdofsld (Fgcks quc `drlknko pkrtc gcb gcnktc sdnrc bk rc`drlk mdostftumfdokb prdpucstk pdr cb d`fmfkbfsld) "Cb pkìs sc drakofzý tdlkogd mdld ldgcbd uok sdmfcgkg koý oflk, ofl k, mdo gfr gfrcmtdrfd cmtdrfd co cb cxt cxtrkojcrd. rkojcrd. Bk Bkss mbks mbkscs cs gfrfacotcs, lfcotrks sc krrdaknko bk rcprcscotkmfýo gcb pucnbd, bc cogdsknko uok lfod rìk gc cgkg pkrk cb lkocjd y bk fotcrvcomfýo co bk mdsk púnbfmk... Bbcaý bk rcvdbumfýo y cb pucnbd `uc fotcrprctkgd. Bk rcvdbumfýo fofmfý bk suprcsfýo gc tdgd bd kotfokmfdokb, bfqufgý lkbks gcugks, mkomcbý mdotrktds hulfbbkotcs, rctdlý bd quc bcaìtflklcotc bc pcrtcocmìk kb pkìs c fofmfý su ræaflco mdo cb mkpftkb pcrlkocotc gc bk Okmfýo: pucnbd y trknkjd. co lktcrfk cmdoýlfmk, gcb mbësfmd Cstkgd Gcb Cstkgd prcsmfogcotc acogkrlc, sulfsd mdo cb kld, gurd mdo cb gænfb, sc hk pkskgd pdr flpcrfd gc bds hcmhds k uo Cstkgd pbkof`fmkgdr y cqufbfnrkgdr gc tdgks bk bkss kmtfvfgkgcs... kmtfvfg kgcs... Gc uo Cstkgd lkocjkgd pdr mcoëmubds gc odtknbcs y mklkrfbbks kúbfmks sc hk bbcakgd k uo Cstkgd gdogc cb pucnbd, gcspuæs gc cstkr `ucrk gcb mdodmflfcotd y gc bk mdsk púnbfmk, lkof`fcstk, rcmfæo khdrk, su vdbuotkg bfnærrflk co bflpfds mdlfmfds." Cxtrkmtd gc bds `uogklcotds kb Urdycmtd gc ^c`drlk Mdostftumfd okb, gcb Gfkrfd gc ]csfdocs gc bk Mëlkrk gc Gfputkgds , >= gc juofd   gc ;678.

Bfnrds y kbpkraktks (Co cb `fokb gcb adnfcrod pcrdofstk, Mddic kpuotk mdotrk kbauoks gc`fmfcomfks co bds mbkustrds uofvcrsftkrfds, mdld bk dnscmucomfk

Jdho Q. Mddic

11

 

d`fmfkbfstk, bk mdrruptcbk d bks "odtks folcrcmfgks" pkrk "mdoqufstkr k bds kbulods") "So gìk sc dyý co bks mkbbcs gc Nucods Kfrcs cb arftd gc 'Bfnrds od, kbpkraktks sì', y lumhds sc csmkogkbfzkrdo. Urflcrd quc okgfc, bds quc hknìko csmrftd bfnrds quc vkbìko lcods quc uok kbpkraktk. Ucrd bk lkydrìk mdlprcogfý: mdo csc arftd sc cstknk rcpugfkogd k uok mbksc fotcbcmtukb quc vfvìk gc cspkbgks kb pkìs y k sus hdlnrcs... Mukogd sc hknbk gc '`kmfbftkr cb kmmcsd k bk mubturk' sc cstë prdmbk lkogd uok mdosfaok sdmfkb, quc mdosfstc co pcrlftfr k tdgds bds scm tdrcs cb kmmcsd k bk Sofvcrsfgkg, kotcs rcscrvkgd k uok lfodrìk. Ucrd okgfc hk pcoskgd quc gcnk fotcrprctkrsc mdld uo skbvdmdogumtd pkrk quc hdlnrcs sfo prcpkrkmfýo skbako mdo uo tìtubd k pcrjugfmkr kb prýjfld co su skbug, sus fotcrcscs d su cspìrftu." Cgftdrfkb gc bk rcvfstk Gc @rcotc, = gc cocrd gc ;6 ;633 33..

Ods austk aust k bk pkz pkz,, pcr pcrd d .. .... (Wdlk gc pdsfmfýo kotc cb adbpc lfbftkr gc juofd gcb 00 y bk kmtftug "klfstdsk" gc lumhds gfrfacotcs pcrdofstks) "K oucstrds lkrfsmkbcs gc bks arkogcs rctfrkgks, quc ouomk mdl nktco pcrd vfvco `frlkogd krlfstfmfds, cb adbpc lfbftkr bds hk gcjkgd sfo okgk quc ocadmfkr, skbvd su kpdrtc k bk mdo`usfýo. ]f kbaúo rccomucotrd sc bbcaksc k prdgumfr cotrc pucnbd y `ucrzks krlkgks d pkrtc gc cbbks, od hk gc scr pdr csk prcgcstfokmfýo co quc sflubko mkcr bds nurýmrktks pkrk khdrrkrsc bds skmrf`fmfds gcb co`rco tklfcotd y juakr k prcmursdrcs, sfod quc scrë tklnfæo uo prdgumtd gc bk bumhk gc bks lksks. Od cs co cb qufctfsld y bk sulfsfýo mdld sc gcnc comkrkr cstk ctkpk.

18

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Odsdtrds od tcoclds ofoaúo gcscd gc scr rcprflfgds. Ods austkrìko bks sdbumfdocs pkmì`fmks y sfo vìmtflks. Ucrd od sdlds qufcocs hclds mcrrkgd csk pdsfnfbfgkg: cs bk dbfakrquìk, cb flpcrfk bfsld, acogkrlcs bk cxpbdtkmfýo. Od fds kmktkrclds cogc sfbcomfd cb hdbdmkustd gc oucstrd pucnbd k bds ìgdbds trfstcs gc bds mkzknrujks, k bk mdhdrtc quc bds clpujk k lkydrcs crrdrcs lfcotrks kglfofstrko cb pktrfdtfsld. Cb Ucrdofsld cs lës quc uo pkrtfgd. Od bd gfsucbvco pdr gcmrctd of bd klkosko pdr fotflfgkmfýo. Od bbklklds k ofoauok kvcoturk gcscspcrkgk. Bbklklds k bk bumhk, quc mdlfcozk pdr csmbkrcmcr bks mdomfcomfks, prdmbklkr bks vcrgkgcs y hknbkr pdr bds quc mkbbko mukogd gcncrìko drfcotkr k bk lksk. Cstk Kracotfok quc ods qufcrco flpdocr, mdotrkhcmhk y lczqufok, cs uo rctrdmcsd y uok ocakmfýo gc bds vkbdrcs kutæotfmds gc bk Uktrfk. Cstk lczmbk gc ^cvdbumfýo Bfncrtkgdrk y Gæmkgk Fo`klc od tfcoc okgk quc vcr mdo bd quc cb pucnbd kohcbk y lcrcmc.. [ucrclds bk bfncrtkg y clpczklds pdr prdmbklkr bk mdomfcomfk gc `kbtk gc bfncrtkg. Bbklklds k bk bfncrkmfýo co odlnrc gc bk mdomfcomfk okmfdokb, quc cs mdomfcomfk gc quc sdlds uo pkìs sfo kutdgctcrlfokmfýo. ]f bk `ucrzk lktcrfkb cstë ldodpdbfzkgk pdr cb ræaflco, bks `ucr zks ldrkbcs, bds vkbdrcs quc od sc k`fomko co bd lktcrfkb cstëo gc oucstrd bkgd, gcb bkgd gcb pucnbd, y bk lfbftkomfk bds trkos`drlkrë co `ucrzk kvkskbbkgdrk: cb `crvdr lfbftkotc, cb scotfgd gc bk Uktrfk mdld prdycmtd gc bfncrkmfýo, bk sdbfgkrfgkg cotrc bds hdlnrcs pkrk bumhkr pdr uok sdmfcgkg sfo vcrguads of cxpbdtkgds, tdgd bd quc cs mëbfgd, acocrdsd, kldr pdr bds scrcs hulkods, bckbtkg k oucstrd gcstfod kracotfod y klcrfmkod." Csmrftd co Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbumfýo, ;600.

Jdho Q . Mddi Mddicc

16

 

Ukrtfgd y Ldvflfcotd "Bd quc kotcs fosfouæ tìlfgklcotc, gcnd k`frlkrbd khdrk mdo tdgk lf rcspdosknfbfgkg: cb Ukrtfgd Justfmfkbfstk pucgc scr cb mklfod pkrk quc bk mdrrupmfýo pcoctrc co cb Ucrdofsld. ]kbvd quc co bk gfrcmmfýo gcb Ukrtfgd Justfmfkbfstk hkyk hdl nrcs k qufcocs od bcs flpdrtc lkydrlcotc bks nkomks gc mdomc  jkbcs d gc gfputkgds. Gc bd mdotrkrfd cb Ukrtfgd Justfmfkbfs Justfmfkbfstk tk kmtukrë mdld `rcod gcb Ldvflfcotd y co buakr gc scr uo fostrulcotd gc bk bumhk mdotrk bk dbfakrquìk scrë uok pkrtc gcb coarkokjc gc bk dbfakrquìk." Mkrtk Mk rtk k Juko G Gdl dlfoa foad d Ucrýo Ucrýo,, 3 gc `cnr `cnrcrd crd gc ;6 ;636 36..

Bk nurdmr nurdmrkmfk kmfk "Bd nurdmrëtfmd cs uo cstfbd co cb cjcrmfmfd gc bks `uomfdocs d gc bk fo`bucomfk. Urcsupdoc, pdr bd prdotd, dpcrkr mdo bds lfslds vkbdrcs quc cb kgvcrskrfd, cs gcmfr mdo uok vfsfýo rc`drlfstk, supcr`fmfkb, kotf tætfmk gc bk rcvdbumfdokrfk. Bk nurdmrkmfk cs mcotrfstk, mubtfvk uo 'rckbfsld' quc pksk pdr scr cb mdbld gc bd prkalëtfmd... ]u kmtfvfgkg cstë gcpurkgk gc csc sco tfgd gc mrckmfýo prdpfd gc bk pdbìtfmk rcvdbumfdokrìk, gc csk prdycm mfýo hkmfk cb `uturd quc sc nusmk co mkgk tëmtfmk, co mkgk hcmhd, co mkgk cpfsdgfd, pkrk quc od sc kadtc co sì lfsld. Cb nurýmrktk qufcrc quc mkfak cb ræaflco, pcrd tklnfæo qufcrc gurkr. ]c vc mdld cb rcprcscotkotc d k vcmcs cb ncoc`kmtdr gc bk lksk, pcrd od mdld pkrtc gc cbbk." Csmrftd co Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbumfýo, ;600.

85

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Sofgds... ´pkrk quæ4 "Bk uofgkg cs fogfspcosknbc y scrë uo pksd prcvfd kb trfuo`d pdpubkr. Bd prfomfpkb cs pkrk quæ hkmclds bk uofgkg, muëbcs sdo bds dnjc tfvds mcrmkods (mdld pdr cjclpbd bks cbcmmfdocs) y muëbcs bds arkogcs dnjctfvds. arkogcs Sofgkg pkrk sflpbc usu`rumtd pdbftfqucrd, od. ]ì, co mklnfd, pkrk gkr bks arkogcs nktkbbks pdr bk sdncrkoìk okmfd okb y bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb. Co bk bumhk mdotrk cb ræaflco cs mdld bbcakrclds lës prdotd k bk uofgkg, `drjkgk co bk kmmfýo: gcotrd gcb ræaflco ods cspcrko sýbd `rus trkmfdocs y gcrrdtks, gcrrdtks, y pcqucûds trfuo`ds quc scr scrëo ëo gcskstrcs." Mkrtk k Ucrýo gcsgc Bk Hknkok, scptfclnrc gc ;60;.

Ucrdofs crdofsld ld c fzqufcrgk: fzqufcrgk: k nuc nuco o cotcogc cotcogcgdr... gdr... "Co cb kûd ;673 Ucrýo pbkotcý pcr`cmtklcotc cb prdnbclk okmfdokb, hky uok `rksc mbkvc quc æb, gc uok lkocrk u dtrk, hk rcpctfgd sfcl prc: 'Mfco kûds gc cxpbdtkmfýo fotcrok c fotcrokmfdokb hko mrckgd uo `ucrtc scotflfcotd bfncrtkrfd co cb cspìrftu gc bks lksks pdpubkrcs'. Bk fzqufcrgk od bk cotcogfý. Udsfnbclcotc sf Ucrýo co vcz gc gcmfr csk `rksc tko scomfbbk hunfcsc gfmhd: 'Bk gfkbæmtfmk gc bk bumhk gc mbkscs fotcroks, co rcbkmfýo mdo bk bfncrkmfýo gc bds pucnbds sclfmdbdofkbcs co bk æpdmk gc bk cxpkosfýo `fokomfcrk gcb flpcrfk bfsld, sc mdojuak co uok uofgkg gfkbæmtfmk gcotrd gc bks mddrgc okgks gc bk cmdodlìk y gc bk hfstdrfk luogfkb'. ]f bd hunfcsc gfmhd ksì, gc csk `drlk, bk fzqufcrgk tkb vcz bd hunfcsc rcmdodmfgd mdld uo hdlnrc acofkb." Csmrftd co Kpuotcs pkrk bk lfbftkomfk, ;607

Jdho Q. Mddic

 

8;

 

Ucrdofsld vcrsus mdluofsld "-´Sstcg rcmhkzk bk tcsfs gc quc cb pcrdofsld cs uo `rcod mdotrk cb kvkomc kvk omc gc gcbb mdluofs m dluofsld4 ld4 -Sok mdsk cs quc odsdtrds tcoaklds uok vfsfýo gc bks mdsks kraco tfoks quc gf`fcrc gc bk gcb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk, y trktclds gc lko tcocr bk kghcsfýo gc bks lksks trknkjkgdrks. Dtrk luy gfstfotk cs uofrods kb `koktfsld rcaflcotkgd quc vc k bds mdluofstks mdld mrflfokbcs y k bds pkìscs sdmfkbfstks mdld coclfads gcb aæocrd hulkod. Cstd cs rcouomfkr k bk `kmubtkg gc rkmfdmfofd y kmcptkr quc cb nkogd flpcrfkbfstk pfcosc pdr odsdtrds. Od ocmcsftd scr mdluofstk pkrk mdosfgcrkr quc cb prfomfpkb rcspdosknbc gc bk Aucrrk @rìk cs cb flpcrfkbfsld dmmfgcotkb, of pkrk mdlprcogcr quc cb coclfad lës arkogc quc hdy tfcoc cb aæocrd hulkod cs bk nrutkb pbutdmrkmfk odrtcklcrfmkok. Bds quc cstëo co bk juakgk gc prcscotkrods mdld gc`cosdrcs gcb drgco mdotrk cb mdluofsld gcsokturkbfzko bk cscomfk gcb pcrdofsld. V, kgclës, mdlctco uok cstupfgcz. ]kbvd pkrk bds cocraúlcods quc vco mdospfrkmfdocs ndbmhcvfqucs co mkgk bumhk pdpubkr, cb mdluofsld kvkozk pdrquc hky rkzdocs cmdoýlfmd-sdmfkbcs quc ksì bd gctcrlfoko. Csks rkzdocs od gcskpkrcmcrëo y sc trktk gc vcr qufæocs gkrëo bks sdbumfdocs. Bds `kmtdrcs gc pdgcr y bk dbfakrquìk co su mdojuotd ods mdosfgc rko, gcsgc yk, mdluofstks, pdrquc oucstrd trfuo`d flpbfmk cb kgvc oflfcotd gc bks lksks quc cxfafrëo sdbumfdocs y bks flpdogrëo. Mdld gfjd Ucrýo, bks lksks kvkozkrëo mdo sus gfrfacotcs k bk mknczk d mdo bk mknczk gc sus gfrfacotcs. Odsdtrds bd sknclds y bk rckmmfýo tklnfæo bd sknc, ksì quc bds quc sc hkmco bds rkoks od coakûko k okgfc, y lcods k bk dbfakrquìk, quc tfcoc scosfnfbfgkg gc sdnrk mukogd sc trktk gc quc od bc tdquco sus prfvfbcafds. Bds quc qufcrco gcsclpcûkr cb pkpcb gc gc`cosdrcs gcb drgco hkrëo cb gcbcftc gc bds ldoscûdrcs y gc bds cspkgdocs gc ldgk, sfrvfcogd gc prcscrvktfvds pdr pdmd tfclpd.

8>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

D flpubsklds cb kvkomc gc bks lksks -y cotdomcs sdlds pcbf ardsds y od odss bbkl bbklkrë krëo o mdl m dluo uofstk fstkss- d trktklds gc `r `rcok cokrbk rbks, s, y cotdo mcs kyugklds k sclnrkr sclnr kr bk mdo`usfýo gurkotc uo tfclp tfclpd d y bucad ods ods nkrrcrëo mdld k bk gclës rcskmk gcb drgco mkgumd, dmupkogd cb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk, d qufco sck, bk gfrcmmfýo quc hclds gcscrtkgd/' ^cpdrtkjc co bk rcvfstk Mhc, rckbfzkgd co Bk Hknkok co scptfclnrc   gc ;60;.

Bk lfslk mdsk "Cb úofmd okmfdokbfsld kutæotfmd cs cb quc nusmk bfncrkrods gc bk scrvfgulnrc rckb: æsc cs cb okmfdokbfsld gc bk mbksc dnrcrk y gclës scmtdrcs y pdr csd gc bk bfncrkmfýo bk Uktrfk y bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb sdopdpubkrcs, uok lfslk mdsk, bk lfslkgc lkocrk quc sclfmdbdofk y dbfakrquìk sdo tklnfæo bd lfsld." Mkrtk k Ucrýo gcsgc Bk Hknkok, scptfclnrc gc ;60;.

Comkuzkr bk rrcncbgìk Comkuzkr cncbgìk "So mbflk gc rcncbgìks fogfvfgukbcs pucgc gurkr fogc`fofgklcotc sfo k`cmtkr kb ræaflco quc bks prdvdmk. ]dbklcotc mukogd bk rcncbgìk cstë mddrgfokgk y comkuzkgk co uo ldvflfcotd gc bfncrkmfýo kgqufcrc bk c`fmkmfk ocmcskrfk pkrk bumhkr mdo æxftd... Gcmbkrd quc od pucgc hkncr bfncrkmfýo sfo pcrdofsld9 rcmdodzmd quc tklpdmd pdgrë hkmcrbk cxmbusfvklcotc cb pcrdofsld. Bk tkrck rcqufcrc uok ldvfbfzkmfýo pdpubkr luy vkstk, uok arko pdbì tfmk gc lksks drfcotkgk pdr uo prdarklk quc sck, kb lfsld tfclpd, fo`bcxfnbc co cb lkotcoflfcotd gc mfcrtds prfomfpfds `uogklcotkbcs y su`fmfcotclcotc klpbfd mdld pkrk supcrkr bds pkrtfmubkrfslds fgcd býafmds gc scmtdrcs quc mdfomfgco co prdpýsftds mdluocs.

Jdho Q. Mddic

8=

 

Co prflcr pbkod kpkrcmco fogfsdbunbclcotc bk mucstfýo okmfd okb y bk mucstfýo sdmfkb. Sok od pucgc rcsdbvcrsc sfo bk dtrk... Bk bumhk pdr bk bfncrkmfýo cs, pdr bd tkotd, rcvdbumfdokrfk, ksì mdld okmfdokb y sdmfkb." Csmrftd co Bk bumhk pdr bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb, ;636.

Hkstk bk vfmtdrfk sfclprc "Mkcrëo bks cstrumturks gc bk gcprcgkmfýo flpcrfkbfstk y bks cstrum turks gcb gcspdjd gc cstc mkpftkbfsld quc cstë bbcakogd kb tærlfod gc su faodlfofdsd rcfokgd. Ukrk csd, tdgd cs`ucrzd cs gfaod gc lcomfýo, ofoaúo kmtd gc mdoscmucomfk y bckbtkg bckbtkg gcnc scr faodrkgd d gcscstflkgd. V prdotd bbbbca cakrë krë cb ld ldlc lcotd otd gc bk bkss nkt nktkbbk kbbkss gc`foftfvks, y cb trfuo`d trfuo `d `fokb, kotcs d gcspuæs, hk gc rcgflfr tdgks bks `rustrkmfdocs gc cstk æpdmk gc fo`klfk." Mkrtk k Ucrýo, odvfclnrc gc ;607.

^dlpcr cb cb cqufb cqufbfnrf fnrfd d "Bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb od cs uo drgco fgckb `fjkgd pdrquc odsdtrds mdosfgcrklds mdosfgc rklds quc cs cb quc prc prc`crfl `crflds ds mdo rcspcm rcspcmtd td k dtrd. Cs uo uok k ocmcsfgkg tæmofmk, mdld ocmcsfgkg cmdoýlfmk y mdld ocmcsf gkg gcb pkìs pkrk rckbfzkrsc mdld fotcarfgkg okmfdokb. Cs uok tkrck okmfdokb pdstcrakgk. (...) Khdrk bd quc yd dpfoc d od dpfoc od tfcoc flpdrtkomfk, bd quc tfcoc flpdrtkomfk cs sf bds koëbfsfs sdo mdrrcmtds, y sf bds koëbfsfs tkb mdld yd bds hc pbkotckgd sdo cxkmtds, cotdomcs hky quc rcpbkotc krsc uok oucvk vfsfýo gcb pkìs, uok mdrrcspdogcomfk cotrc bks bumhks

87

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

gcb pucnbd quc sdo skmrf`fmkgks, quc sdo knocakgks y quc yk vfcoco gcsgc hkmc gfcz kûds, y uok cstrktcafk gc pdgcr. (...) Cstklds co uo cqufbfnrfd: cb ræaflco quc od tfcoc `ucrzk pkrk fostftumfdokbfzkrsc pcrd sì pkrk lkotcocrsc, lfcotrks cb pcrdofsld y bk lksk pdpubkr y dtrks `ucrzks tfcoco su`fmfcotc pdtcomfk pkrk od gcjkrsc fostftumfdokbfzkr, pcrd od pkrk mklnfkrbd. ´[ufæ ´[ ufæoo tfco tfcoc c quc rdl rdlpcr pcr csc cqufbfnrfd4 Odsdtrds9 k bbkk nura nuraucsìk ucsìk mdo gurkr bc nkstk." Csmrftd co Kpuotcs pkrk bk lfbftkomfk, ;607.

Uc Ucrdo rdofsld fsld y ^c ^cvdbum fýolu Munkok "Hky "H ky quc tcoc tc ocr r bkvdbumfýo mkn mknczk czk luy y hucmk pk pkrk rk mrccrsc ppcrdofstk crdofstk y kmcp tkr k csds tcýrfmds gcb knsurgd, quc mdlnfoko bks kûdrkozks gcb flpc rfd gc bk hfspkofgkg lcgfcvkb mdo cb kpdyd prëmtfmd kb flpcrfd nër nkrd odrtcklcrfmkod, y cb mubtd k akumhds clnkbsklkgds mdo cb pktcrokbfsld krfstýmrktk `rcotc kb mkncmftk ocark, pkrk dpdocrsc, okgk lcods, quc k @fgcb Mkstrd. Dmurrc quc Mkstrd, k bk mknczk gc bds hdlnrcs gc bk tfcrrk, gcrrdtý k purd mdrkjc kb cj cjærmftd ærmftd krlkgd y cotrcokgd cotrcokg d ppdr dr bds ykoqufs9 y mukogd bds arfoads qufsfcrdo bbcvërscbd pdr gcbkotc, bds cmhý gc Munk y bcs quftý hkstk cb úbtfld gýbkr, lës gc lfb lfbbdocs quc tcoìko fovcrtfgds co mco trkbcs kzumkrcrks, `ënrfmks, clprcsks, nkomks, ctmætcrk. ¡[uæ lkocrk gc kpkakr `krdbcs! ]fo clnkrad, pkrcmc quc @fgcb od cs okmfdokbfstk, pdrquc ouomk sc gcgfmý k prcgfmkr cb cxtcrlfofd gc cstugfkotcs sclf tks of k gcbktkr hcrcjcs fomursds co cb mrflco gcb lkrxfsld. -´Sstcg od mrcc, cotdomcs, quc csds gc`cosdrcs gc Dmmfgcotc tcoako fo`bucomfk co cb pcrdofsld4 -]dbk -] dbklc lcotc otc co mfcrtk mk mkpk pk nurd nurdmrëtfmk, mrëtfmk, quc, pdr dtrk pkrtc pkrtc,, ouomk ouomk sfrvfý pkrk okgk, of co cb adnfcrod of `ucrk gc æb... Hknrë sfclprc

J d h o Q . Md d i c

83

 

kbauok mdo`usfýo, pdr bds quc clnkrubbko bks mdsks y pdr dtrds quc, gcnfcogd hknbkr, hko mkbbkgd. Ucrd cb pucnbd sknc quc gcsgc quc @fgcb Mkstrd clpczý k quftkrbcs k bds rfmds pkrk gkrbcs k bds pdnrcs `uc bk ncstfk ocark (d rdjk) gcb mdotfocotc. Mbkrd quc bds akosds quc mrcco quc cb pcrdofsld cs pkrtc gcb gfspdsftfvd gc bk mfvfbfzkmfýo y gc bk gcld mrkmfk dmmfgcotkb qucgko fgcotf`fmkgds `rcotc k Munk mdo bds sdmfds gc bk Ndbsk gc Mdlcrmfd, mdo bds sdmfkbfstks mdoscrvkgdrcs y bds mdoscrvkgdrcs gc bk fo`klfk, mdo bds cxqufsftds gcb Jdmicy Mbun, gcb Mìrmubd gc Krlks, mdo bks karupkmfdocs adrfbks quc pfgco oucstrk skoarc. Wdgk Wdgkss csks `ucrzks sdo vfrub vfrubcotk cotklco lcotc tc coclfaks gc bk ^cvd ^cvd bumfýo Munkok, k bk quc dgfko tkotd mdld kb ræaflco gcpucstd. Csks mdsks od dmurrco pdr mksukbfgkg, y oucstrk lksk od vfvc co bk Buok. ´Hky kbaúo pcrsdokjc co bk Kracotfok quc bdark, mdld @fgcb Mkstrd, quc tdgks bks mknczks gcb prfvfbcafd sc uoko pkrk kmuskrbd gc gclkadad, mdluofstk, tdtkbftkrfd, mhuslk, pcrjurd, puoaufstk, ldtdoctfstk, nkrnk kzub, kscsfod fomcogfkrfd, kotfmrfstd y dtrks bfogczks sclcjkotcs, y mdotrk cb mukb pfgco cb mkgkbsd, bk ndlnk ktýlfmk d bk lucrtc k lkods gc bds lkrfocs ykoqufs4 Mrcd rcmdrgkr quc sì. V lc rcsubtk luy gf`ìmfb cotcogcr mýld pucgc fogfaokrods bk gf`klkmfýo mdotrk bk vcrsfýo pklpckok gcb ldostrud y qucgkrods lugds mukogd bk vìmtflk cs bk vcrsfýo trdpfmkb". ^cpdrtkjc co bk rcvfstk Mhc, rckbfzkgd co Bk Hknkok co scptfclnrc   gc ;60;.

Bk Wcrmcrk Udsfmfýo "-Hund qufco od rcpugfý bk rcmfcotc fovksfýo k Munk kbcakogd quc kb od knrfr jufmfd mulpbìk mdo bk "Wcrmcrk Udsfmfýo". -Mdo qufco mulpbfý `uc mdo su prdpfk mdnkrgìk. K mklnfd gc bk rfquczk quc ods bbcvko bds ykoqufs ods gcjko su hfstcrfk kotfmdluofstk quc

80

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

mdotkafk k mfcrtd mfcrtdss gfrfacotcs. gfrfac otcs. Co ccbb pkì pkìss rcfo rcfokk uo mbflk gc tcrrdr tcrrdrfsl fsld d fgcdbýafmd: yk od nkstk mdo od scr mdluofstk, hky quc gcldstrkrbc k bk rckmmfýo quc sc cs kotfmdluofstk. V sc bbcak k clpbckr cb lfsld bcoaukjc gc oucstrds coclfads: co buakr gc gkr kpdyd tdtkb,kbsdbfgk rfgkg sfo rctëmcds k Munk kvkskbbkgk, sc karcako mdogcoks 'flpc rfkbfsld sdvfætfmd', bd mukb cqufvkbc k kmcptkr bks prclfsks gcb flpcrfkbfsld karcsdr. Bk Wcrmcrk Udsfmfýo cs, prcmfsklcotc, tdgd bd mdotrkrfd. ]faof`fmk od tcoc tcocrr mdlprdlfs mdlp rdlfsds ds mdo bds nbdqucs luogfkbcs, luogfkbcs, cstkr co bfnc bfncrtkg rtkg gc tdlkr bks gcmfsfdocs lës mdovcofcotcs k bds fotcrcscs okmfdok bcs. ]faof`fmk tcocr mrftcrfd prdpfd pkrk kprcmfkr mkgk hcmhd y mkgk kmtftug. K pcskr gc quc oucstrd adnfcrod tuvd quc lkofdnrkr sdbd, co uo luogd hdstfb, co bd `uogklcotkb jklës sc kpkrtý gc su fogc pcogcomfk. Od susmrfnflds cb Ukmtd gc Mkrkmks quc cstknbcmìk cb pcbfard gcb 'mdluofsld fotcrokmfdokb' pkrk ksì mdosulkr cb mrflco mdotrk Auktclkbk9 od `frlklds bds Kmucrgds gc Nrcttdo Qddgs9 od ods ktklds pdr pkmtds lfbftkrcs nfbktcrkbcs. Cb tcrmcrfsld `uc uok `drlk gc od scr knsdrnfgds pdr cb flpc rfkbfsld ykoquf: co ofoaúo mksd pucgc scr cxmusk pkrk pbcakrods k su cstrktcafk gc Aucrrk @rìk y pkrk arftkr juotd mdo bds gcrvfmhcs gc bk aucrrk mdotrk bds pucnbds quc hko kgdptkgd cb sdmfkbfsld." ^cpdrtkjc co bk rcvfstk Mhc, rckbfzkgd co Bk Hknkok co scptfclnrc   gc ;60;.

Jdho Q. Mdd Mddic ic

81

 

Juo td k Hæmtdr J. Mëlpdrk, co bds gìks gc Mh Mhfbc, fbc, mukogd uo uod d crk gcbcakgd gc  Ucrýo Ucrý oyc cbb dtrd of sdspcmhknk quc bd scrìk scrìk kûds gcspu gcspuæs. æs.

 

r

MKUF WSBD ]F CWC CWC BD [SC UCO]KNKO GC ÆB  K gf` gf ` crco crcomm fk gc bd q u c d dmm ur urrc rc mmdo do bk l lky kyd d r ìk gc  bds rc`crcotcs gcb pcosklfcotd gc fzqufcrgk kracotfod,  cs gf`ìmfb comdotrkr vdmcs quc bd gcsmkbf`fquco k Jdho   Qfbbfkl Mddic. Od cs quc tdgds bd qufsfcrko, pcrd   pdr bd lcods púnbfmklcotc od sc ktrcvìko k mcosurkrbd.  Co cstks pëafoks bd rcmucrgko, cotrc dtrds, ^dgdb`d   Drtcak Ucûk, Cgukrgd Bufs Guhkbgc, Hdrkmfd Adozëbcz,  Lfaucb Ndokssd, Clfbfd J. Mdrnfcrc, Crocstd Adbgkr,  @bdrckb @crrkrk y su arko kldr, Kbfmfk Caurco, bucad   gcskpkrcmfgk. gcskpkrcmf gk. Wk Wklnf lnfæo æo sc rcprdgum rcprdgumc c bk mæbcnrc mkrtk mkrtk  co bk quc cb acocrkb Ucrýo bd odlnrk su rcprcscotkotc  y hcrc h crcgcrd gcrd gc bk jc`kturk gc gcbb ld ldvf vflf lfcotd cotd pc pcrdofstk rdofstk:: "]u pkbknrk scrë bk lìk", gfmc cb bìgcr justfmfkbfstk,  kuoquc su lkogklfcotd od scrë gc bkrak gurkmfýo.

Jdho Q . Mddi Mddicc

86

 

" Ktd Ktdrlcot rlcotkgds kgds suc sucûds ûds gc justfmfk" just fmfk" "Hky æpdmks co quc bk gfaofgkg gc pucnbds cotcrds rcsfgc co cb mdrkjc gcscspcrkgd gc uods pdmds, muyds ktdrlcotkgds sucûds gc  justfmfk prc`drlko prc`drl ko bks bks bcycs gc uo uokk hulkofgkg oucv oucvk. k. Mddic pcrtcocmfý k csk lfodrìk prcgcstfokgk y sc cxpusd sfo rctëmcds."  Kbfmfk  Kbf mfk Caurco, co cb s sup upbc bcl l co td cs cspc pcmfk mfkbb p d r bk l lu u cr crtc tc gc J Jdho dho   Qfbbfkl Mddic quc kmdlpkûý bk rcvfstk Mdo Wdgd, gcb pcrdofsld  rcvdbumfdokrfd, co scptfclnrc gc ;608.

"]u pkbknrk, bk lìk" "Udr bk prcscotc kutdrfzd kb mdlpkûcrd gdmtdr Gdo Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, kmtukblcotc prcsd pdr mulpbfr mdo su gcncr gc pcrdofstk, pkrk quc ksulk lf rcprcscotkmfýo co tdgd kmtd d kmmfýo pdbìtfmk. Co cstc mdomcptd su gcmfsfýo scrë lf gcmfsfýo y su pkbknrk bk lìk. Co æb rcmdodzmd kb úofmd jc`c quc tfcoc lf lkogktd pkrk prcsfgfr k bk tdtkbfgkg gc bks `ucrzks pcrdofstks drakofzkgks co cb pkìs y co cb cxtrkojcrd y sus gcmfsfdocs tfcoco cb lfsld vkbdr quc bks lìks. Co mksd gc `kbbcmflfcotd, gcbcad co cb gdmtdr Gdo Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic cb lkogd gcb ldvflfcotd." Juko Gdlfoad Ucrýo, mkrtk `cmhkgk co Mkrkmks, cb > gc odvfclnrc   gc ;630 co bk quc odlnr odlnrk k k Mddic su gcbcakgd pcrsdokb.

" Co nusmk gc bds drìacocs" "Mddic nusmk co bk hfstdrfk kracotfok bds drìacocs gcb Ucrdofsld. Gcsgc yk pkrtfmfpknk gc uok mdomcpmfýo rcvfsfdofstk gc bk hfstdrfk co tkotd rcmupcrkmfýo gc uok mdomcpmfýo okmfdokb kotfdbfaërqufmk.

65

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Pk k fosfstfr co bk gcldstrkmfýo gc mýld ldvflfcotds okmfdokbcs kotcmcsdrcs gcb Ucrdofsld-cb `cgcrkbfsld gc ^dsks, bks ldotdocrks gc Mhkmhd Ucûkbdzk, @cbfpc Pkrcbk y Býpcz Jdrgëo, y cb rkgfmkbfsld gc Vrfadyco- `ucrdo gcrrdtkgds co bk bumhk bfnrkgk co bk cstrumturk sclfmdbdofkb gc bk Kracotfok. Cs gcmfr, bk hfstdrfk mdld cxpcrfcomfk flpdsfnbc pkrk cb pdbìtfmd, y bk kokbdaìk sfrvfcogd gc fostrulcotd gc mdomfcotfzkmfýo gc bks lksks, pdsfnfbftkogd uok oucvk cstrktcafk gc pdgcr quc od rcpftk bds crrdrcs hfstýrfmd-pdbìtfmds kbbì kokbfzkgds. Jdho Mddic od rchuyc gcsgc yk, sfod quc ksulc, uo koëbfsfs mbksfstk gcb Ucrdofsld, gcb mukb surac quc æstc cs cb odlnrc pdbì tfmd gcb prdbctkrfkgd, co bk sclfmdbdofk quc cs bk Kracotfok." ^dgdb`d Drtcak Ucûk y Cgukrgd Bufs Guhkbgc, prýbdad gc  Kpuotcs

pkrk bk lfbftkomfk, cgfmfýo gc ;61=.

" So mklfod gc bumhk bumhks, s, gcrrdtks y cspcrkozk spcrkozks" s" "Mukogd bk lucrtc luc rtc ssdrprcogc drprcogc k Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, Mddic, k `focs gc bds kûds scscotk, su mdomcpmfýo rcvdbumfdokrfk, jkbdokgk pdr bkrads kûds gc lfbftkomfk fombkugfmknbc, uoìk gfkbæmtfmklcotc kb pcrdofsld mdo cb sdmfkbfsld. Cb gc Mddic `uc uo mklfod gc bumhks, gcrrdtks y cspcrkozks... ´Cb Mddic rcvdbumfdokrfd gc bds 05 cstknk bcjds gc kqucb jdvco bcafs bkgdr gc bds 754 Udr mfcrtd quc od. Cb rcvdbumfdokrfd gc bk lkgurcz cstknk yk prc`faurkgd co su tclprkok dnrk mdld gfputkgd, quc trktk gc comdotrkr bk sìotcsfs ocmcskrfk pkrk gdtkr k bds trknkjkgdrcs y scmtdrcs gcspdscìgds gc bk `ucrzk pdbìtfmk ocmcskrfk pkrk bk trkos`dr lkmfýo gcb pkìs." Clfbfd J. Mdrnfcrc, co bk rcvfstk  @fo gc ]fabd, cocrd gc ;688.

Jdho Q. Mddic

6;

 

" Cb quc lës nrcaý pdr bbk k fosurr fosurrc cmmfýo" "Cb hdlnrc quc lës hknìk nrcakgd pdr bk fosurrcmmfýo sc lurfý sfo vcr bks afakotcsmks hdaucrks quc comcogfcrdo bks pdnbkmfdocs gcb fotcrfdr cotrc ;606 y ;61;. K Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic od bd lktý uo nkbkzd co cb ldotc, mdld hunfcrk qucrfgd, sfod uo mëomcr gc publýo quc bc mdnrkrdo bds mfco mfakrrfbbds gfkrfds quc sc `ulknk. Co pbco pbcokk kad kadoìk oìk mdoscrv mdoscrvýý bk bumfgcz y csk csk lk lkof`cs of`cstkmfýo tkmfýo cstætfmk gcb mdrkzýo quc cs cb cstfbd. Csmrfnfý uo tcstklcotd quc od gcjknk buakrr k gugk buak gugks. s. Mdld kt ktcd cd lktcrfkbfstk, rcmhk rcmhkzý zý coæraf coærafmklc mklcotc otc mukb qufcr mcrcldofk rcbfafdsk y drgcoý fomfocrkr su mucrpd, prcvfk gdok mfýo gc sus djds k uo nkomd gc trkspbkotcs. Cb kotfaud gcb`ìo gc Ucrýo gcjknk bk csmcok gfstkomfkgd pdbìtfmklcotc gcb Acocrkb, kuoquc co bd pcrsdokb sc aukrgkrko uo rcmìprdmd rcspctd. Hdrks kotcs gc cxpfrkr supd quc uo arupd rurkb gc bks @KU, mdlko gkgd pdr Covkr Cb Ikgrf, hknìk sfgd mkpturkgd co bk bdmkbfgkg tumulkok gc Wkmd ^kbd. 'Od flpdrtk -gfjd‗, cstds mdlpkûcrds hko mkìgd, pcrd bk aucrrk vk k scaufr kgcbkotc kgcbko tc y vk k trfu trfuo`k o`kr'. r'. " Lfaucb Ndokssd, co Cb prcsfgcotc quc od `uc.

"´Lurfý4" "Co pcrspcmtfvk Jdho Qfbbfkl rcprcscotý cb puotd lës kbtd gc rc`bc xfýo tcýrfmk kb fotcrfdr gcb uofvcrsd mubturkb gcb pcrdofsld, trkos `drlëogdsc co uo `ucrtc gfspkrkgdr mdomcptukb co gfrcmmfýo kb gcskrrdbbd kúo hdy ocmcskrfd gc uok tcdrìk rcafdokb gcb pdpubfsld. Ukrkgdjkblcotc, Mddic, qufzë mdld trfnutd k bk kmmfýo pdbìtfmk quc sfclprc bd gcsndrgý, od prdgujd tcxtds tcýrfmds trkgfmfdok bcs, y sus mdlpkmtks rc`bcxfdocs lkydrlcotc sc lktcrfkbfzkrdo mdld fo`drlcs d mdrrcspd mdrrcspdogcomf ogcomfk, k, `drl `drlktds ktds hctcrdgdxds kb kb coskyd coskyd kmkgælfmd trkgfmfdo trkgfmfdokb. kb.

6>

Cb p c r d o f s l d r cv d b u m f d o kr f d

 

]fo clnkrad, co sus nrcvcs Fo`drlc k bks Nkscs, Kpuotcs pkrk  bk lfbftkomfk, lfbftkomfk, Bk bumhk p d r bk bk bfncrkmfýo okm okmfdokb fdokb,, Ucrspcm Ucrspcmtfvks tfvks gc uo uok k  cmdodlìk okmfdokb y y,,  luy pkrtfmubkrlcotc, ^cvdbumfýo mfýo,,  pkrtfmubkrlcotc, Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbu hky lës tcdrìk pdbìtfmk, drfafokb y rc`fokgk, quc co bds ifbdlætrfmds coskyds gc kutdrcs quc, co su ldlcotd, lcrcmfcrdo (fombusd mdo  justfmfk) arko rcmd  justfmfk) rcmdodmfl odmflfcotd fcotd fotcbcmtuk fotcbcmtukb.b. Ukak Uk akog ogdd cb prcmfd gc scr qufæo `uc, cco`crl o`crlýý ark arkvclcotc vclcotc jdvco, gdoý pkrtc gc sus ýrakods k bds bds cstugfkotcs cstug fkotcs gc lcgfmfok, gcmfgf gcmfgfýý crc crc-lkr cb rcstd gc sus rcstds, kpkrtý k bds murks ("fombusd k bds klfads") kotcs gc bk pkrtfgk folfocotc y, co cb `fo gcb dtdûd gc ;608, susurrkogd gfsmrctd, lurfý: 'Pæksc bk bfstk gc bds `uomfdokrfds gcb adnfcrod, rcpú nbfmds gctcrfdrkg gctcr fdrkgds ds pdr bk ppdbfbb dbfbbk, k, uok bfstk gc bds `fau `faurdo rdocs cs pdbìt pdbìtfmds fmds gc bds kûds =5 d sus hfjds, quc od hko knkogdokgd su mdoscrvkgdrfsld rckmmfdokrfd. Wdgds sc pkrcmco k csc pcrsdokjc gc uok dnrk gc Mdbcttc, quc tcoìk tcoìk 17 kûds pcrd rcprcsc rcprcscotknk otknk lës'. ´Lurfý4"  Krt clfd  Krtcl fd Bý Býpc pcz, z, co Mddic gc vucbtk, uok mdlpfbkmfýo gc tcxtds punbf mkgk co co ;666 p d r Cgfmfd Cgfmfdocs ocs Bk ^dsk Nbfog Nbfogkgk. kgk.

" So fot fotcbc cbcmtukb mtukb gc c cxfbfds" xfbfds" "Cb hcmhd lkbgftd crk uok gfkbæmtfmk truomk pdr bk mukb sc gcskrrcabk nko bds trkzkgds gc bk bcy y sc flpcgìk quc sc mdostftuycrk cb Drgco, pcrd quc od kbmkozknk pkrk supcrkrbd... Cb hcmhd lkbgftd flpcgìk quc sc gcspbcaksc bk pdtcomfkbfgkg nur aucsk pcrd æb lfsld crk nurauæs, rcprcscotkogd uo kotkadofsld focvftknbc pcrd co cb scod gc bk lfslk csmcok mubturkb: hknbknk gc rcvdbumfýo pkrk flpcgfr bk rcvdbumfýo9 flpcgìk bk rcvdbumfýo mrckogd kb lfsld tfclpd sus ldtfvds prfomfpkbcs. Cb pcrdofsld crk justklcotc su buakr gc csmfsfýo, gc qufcnrc, quc koubknk bd quc æb lfsld rcprcscotknk, y rcprcscotknk koubkogd bd quc gcmìk tcocr vdbuotkg gc hkmcr.

Jdho Q. Mddic

6=

 

Mddic, mdo cstc mdomcptd, ldstrknk od scr uo fotcbcmtukb gc bk okmfýo ok mfýo d gc uo prdy prdycmtd cmtd jkmdnfod cstktkb, cstktkb, tdg tdgd d bd quflærfmd quflær fmd quc `ucsc, mdld uo ]mkbknrfof mdo su cmdodlìk gcb hdlnrc mdbcmtfvd, d uo Jkurctmhc mdld csarflfstk pkykgdrcsmd y skrmëstfmd gc uo kotfmd bdofkbfsld mubturkbfstk. Udrquc Mddic cs uo fotcbcmtukb gc cxfbfds, vfvc gcscstktfzkgd y sfo bcoauk cspcmì`fmk. ]u bcoauk cs bk gcb sujctd kadokb rcvdbumfdokrfd, y su cthds gc kmmfýo cstë bfakgd k lcotkbfgkgcs mbkogcstfoks y mdospfrktfvks. V ksì gcsmunrc gcsm unrc Mddic bd quc bk pdbìtfmk tfco tfcoc c gc cscomfk lkb gftk9 scr uok kmmfýo quc cs scmrctklcotc pdrtkgdrk gc su prdpfk rc`utkmfýo... Bk prægfmk gc Mddic, quc sc fofmfk co cb okmfdokbfsld y mdo mbuyc co cb lkrxfsld bktfodklcrfmkofstk rcvdbumfdokrfd, prdpdoìk ftf ocrkrfds vftkbcs quc co bds hcmhds mdlpcbìko k oulcrdsds arupds gc lfbftkotcs pcrdofstks k gfrfafrsc cxfstcomfkblcotc hkmfk bks k`uc rks gcb ldvflfcotd." Hdrkmfd Adozëbcz, co ^cstds pklpckods.

" Sok ffgcdbdaìk gcdbdaìk mdosf mdosfstcotc stcotc y knkrmk knkrmkgdrk" gdrk" "Co pkrtc k mkusk mkusk gc quc kqucbbds k qufcocs Mddic fo`buyý k lcougd sc fomdrpdrkrdo k bk aucrrfbbk y k quc bk mbkogcstfofgkg co bk quc sc hkbbknk od `kvdrcmìk cb gcnktc pdbìtfmd y cb gcskrrdbbd tcýrfmd, y co pkrtc gcnfgd k bk gcrrdtk gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk k lcgfkgds gc bk gæmkgk gc ;615, Mddic hk pcrlkocmfgd mdld cb úofmd pcrdofstk rcvdbumfdokrfd rcvdbumfdo krfd quc d`rcmfý d`rcm fý uok ffgcdbd gcdbdaìk aìk gc bbkk fzqufc fzqufcrgk rgk pcrdofstk nkstkotc mdosfstc md osfstcotc otc y knkrmk knkrmkgd gdrk. rk. Æb prdgujd cb koëbfsfs gc mbksc gcb pcrdofsld lës gcskrrdbbkgd quc sc fotcotkrk gcotrd gcb ldvflfcotd c fotrdgujd k lumhds jývcocs pcrdofstks co bks fgcks lkrxfstks.

67

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

Lfcotrks quc su `dqufsld hdy gìk pkrcmc gcskmtukbfzkgd y gcsk mrcgftkgd, arko pkrtc gc su koëbfsfs gcb pcrdofsld sfauc sfcogd vëbfgd d kb lcods d`rcmc fovkbdrknbcs kprdxflkmfdocs kmcrmk gc bk okturk bczk gcb ldvflfcotd. Lfcotrks quc Mddic vcìk kb `dqufsld mdld bk prfomfpkb nksc pkrk bk mdovcracomfk y uofgkg gc bk fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk y bk od pcrdofstk, tdgkvìk cs mdomcnfnbc quc su lkydr bcakgd pdstuld pucgk scr kmcrmkr k bk fzqufcrgk k uok mdlprcosfýo gcb pcrdofsld." ^fmhkrg Afbbcspfc, co Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic. Cb pcrdofsld kbtcroktfvd.

" Arko juakgdr gc pdicr" "Gcvdrkgdr gc bftcrkturk, arko juakgdr gc pdicr, od gc okfpcs sfod gc pdicr, pdicr, gfaod gfao d gc `ubbcrìks y mknkbbcrds mknkbbcrdsfgkgcs, fgkgcs, sýbd mdlpktfnbc md lpktfnbcss mdo `bdrfbcafds gc uo scûdrftd foabæs, quc pucgc gc`cogcr su pkrtfgk co sflpbcs acstds gc mdrkjc sfbcomfdsd, d gcspbkotcs ncbfmdsds sf kbaufco trkosarcgc bks rcabks cbclcotkbcs gcb `kfr pbky. Ucrd Uc rd csc juakgdr gc ctfquctk sk skjdo jdok, k, nkfbknk nkfbknk cb cb tkoa tkoadd mmdld dld ofoauod, ofoauod, y sf cb cotrcvcrd gknk pkrk lës, mkgk mdrtc d qucnrkgk pdgìk knrfr cb ìotfld mhkluyd gc uo vkrýo, pkrk bk lfok quc hknìk mkìgd co su lfrkgk... Nkfbkrìo y mhkluykgdr, hdlnrc gc pdicr y gc sfbcomfds..., sfcl prc krrdpknk uok `rksc gc bk arko bftcrkturk, mdld sdnrkogd kb kmdotcmflfcotd. Cs quc, mdld pfcosk Nkgfdu, cb Kbkfo Nkgfdu gc bk `fbdsd`ìk `rkomcsk quc æb od kbmkozý k mdodmcr, bk núsqucgk rckb gc bk `fbdsd`ìk sc mdogfmfdok pdr bds prdmcgflfcotds gc tkb vcrgkg quc cstëo co bk mfcomfk, cb krtc (cb pdclk), bk pdbìtfmk y bk vcrgkg kldrdsk. K lì sc lc gk quc cb Ncnc bc mhkluyd kb `rkomæs, gcsgc cb dtrd luogd, cstc rcmdrrfgd folcosd gcb odlnrc gc bk vcrgkg, pdofcogd k su scrvfmfd csk sunjctfvfgkg fotcrlfoknbc quc nbkogfý co mkgk uod gc csds prdmcgflfcotds...

J d h o Q . Md d i c

63

 

Mdo tdgds cbbds, mdo csds prdmcgflfcotds, mdostruyý su hucbbk kotfdbfaërqufmk, rcmdrrfgk sfo pkusks, sfo pcgfr gfsmubpks, of pfcgkg, of pcrlfsd, co bk cgf`fmkmfýo gc bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb." @bdrckb @crrkrk, co Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, Mddic, vfgk y rc`bcjds.

" Comfcogc cspcrk cspcrkozk ozks" s" "Cb pcosklf pcosklfcotd cotd gc Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic comfcogc y comcog comcogcrë crë lkyd rcs cspcrkozks gc vfmtdrfk. Bds vkfvcocs vkfvcocs y rc rc`bujds `bujds pk pksk skrë rëo o mdld md ld lutfbkmfdocs focvftknbcs. focvftknbcs. Bk rcvdbumfýo kracotfok cstë lkgurk mukogd comucotrk co Mddic kb lfbftkotc y kb tcýrfmd quc rktf`fmk su prdpfk prkxfs aufkogd cb mklfod y kmdlpkûkogd bk lkrmhk. Bk gc Mddic rcsulc bk cxpcrfcomfk frrcvcrsfnbc gcb pucnbd, mkgk vcz lës bfnrc gc lfstf`fmkmfdocs rc`drlfstks, mkgk vcz lës mdos mfcotc y mdo`fkgd co su prdpfd kmmfdokr `drtkbcmfgd." Crocstd Adìgkr, co Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic y cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd.

" Mddic y cb Mhc Mhc"" "Lës "L ës kb kbbë bë gc tdgd tdg d bd quc tcoìko tcoìko co md mdlúo lúo Mddic y cb M Mhc, hc, mkn mknrìk rìk pprc rc auotkrsc: ´muëb `uc cb puotd gc pkrtfgk tcýrfmd gc cstks mdfomfgcomfks4 Mdrrfcogd cb cb rfcsad gc quc sc ods tkmhc gc 'rcvfsfdofstks 'rcv fsfdofstks'' pco pcosk sk lds quc klnds hknìko sfgd fo`bucomfkgds co su juvcotug pdr cb cxfstcomfkbfsld skrtrckod, cb pcosklfcotd rcodvkgdr gc Buiëms y cb hulkofsld gc Mklus. Co Jdho cstd sc rc`bcjk co tdgds sus trknkjds y co su prëmtfmk, bd quc od bc flpfgc knrcvkr co cb lkrxfsld y rcbkmfdokr cb mdodmflfcotd y bk `drlkmfýo tcýrfmk mdo bk kmmfýo pdbìtfmk mdomrctk.

60

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Kgclës, csds trcs kûds quc mdlpkrtfcrdo, co cb lfsld cspkmfd `ìsfmd, sus cxpcrfcomfks, sus vfvcomfks y, kb lfsld tfclpd, gcnktfc rdo sus gf`crcomfks, mdotrfnuycrdo k quc klnds tuvfcrko uok mdl prcosfýo lës mknkb: cb Mhc gc bk prdnbclëtfmk kracotfok y gc csc 'afakotc lfdpc c fovcrtcnrkgd' (cb pcrdofsld) y Mddic gc bk gflcosfýo mdotfocotkb y tcrmcrluogfstk gcb prdycmtd rcvdbumfdokrfd. Lurfcrdo co cb lfsld kûd. Sod co mdlnktc, cb dtrd mdosulfgd pdr uok bkrak y pcodsk co`crlcgkg. ]fo clnkrad, klnds sdo gc bds lucrtds quc ouomk lucrco." Lkoucb Akaacrd, co bk rcvfstk @fo gc ]fabd, cocrd gc ;688.

" Sod gc bds ark arkogcs" ogcs" "Co cb gcskrrdbbd gcb pcosklfcotd rcvdbumfdokrfd co Jk Kracotfok, y gc bk mdrrcspdogfcotc kmmfýo, Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic dmupk uo buakr cspcmfkbìsfld. Juotd k ^dgdb`d Qkbsh, Hcroëogcz Krrcauf y kbauods dtrds, rcprc scotk bk mdo`bucomfk gcb okmfdokbfsld pdpubkr mdo cb lkrxfsld, mdo`bucomfk quc cstuvd co bk rkìz gc kbauoks gc bks ctkpks lës `rum tì`crks gc kmulubkmfýo, co oucstrd pkìs, co tdgds bds cspkmfds gc bk bumhk gc mbkscs, quc fombuyco cb pbkod tcýrfmd... Hdy bds csmcokrfds vkrfkgd gfklctrkblcotc). Bk gdlfokmfýo flpcrfkbfstkhko pcrsfstc, co (kuoquc tdgd mksdodkmcotukgk y lës nru tkb tdgkvìk. Bk fzqufcrgk, luogfkblcotc, sc rcmdlpdoc mdo gf`fmub tkg, pcrd focquìvdmklcotc. Bk bumhk gc mbkscs, co mkgk pkìs y rcafýo gcb luogd, kbmkozk oucvds pfmds gc rcsfstcomfk, k vcmcs gc mdo trkd`cosfvk, cspcmfkblcotc co Bktfodklærfmk. Bk pdsfnbc hcacld oìk pdbìtfmk y mubturkb gc bk fzqufcrgk rcvdbumfdokrfk rcqufcrc quc mdo `buyko bds gfvcrsds k`bucotcs, uod gc bds mukbcs sc vfomubk mdo cb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk y sus mdostrummfdocs, ksì mdld mdo dtrds lkr

Jdho Q. Mddic

61

 

xfslds co su rckb pburkbfgkg, dtrd mdo cb okmfdokbfsld rcvdbumfdok rfd quc cxprcskrdo Mddic, Qkbsh y dtrds, juotd mdo scrfds kpdrtcs gc fogcpcogfcotcs mdld Wdsmd y `ucrtcs mdotrfnumfdocs gcsgc cb ldvflfcotd sdmfkb, mdo d sfo rc`crcomfkbfgkg pkrtfgkrfk. Udtcomfkblcotc, cstds kpdrtcs od cstëo mdotrkpucstds, sfod quc sc cotrcmruzko y mdlpbclcotko. Co cstc cotrcmruzklfcotd sc sftuý grklëtfmklcotc cb pcosklfcotd y bk vfgk, bk prëmtfmk gc Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, uod gc bds arkogcs gcb ldvflfcotd rcvdbumfdokrfd quc hdy ocmcsftk mdomrctkrsc mdomrctkr sc gc lkocrks oucv oucvks ks y gfsputkr cb pdgcr gc tdgks bks lkocrks. Oucstrd hdlcokjc k Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic cs co cscomfk cb rcmd odmflfcotd gc bk vkbfgcz kmtukb y, hkstk gdogc pdgclds prcvcrbk, bk vkbfgcz `uturk gc su mdotrfnumfýo."  Krfcbb Nfao  Krfc Nfaoklf, klf, co Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic. Okmfdokbfsld rcvdbumfdokrfd, cxtrkìgd gc www.pmk.dra.kr 

68

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Cb Ncnc Ncnc gc `kjfok gurk gurkotc otc bk fovks fovksfýo fýo gc Nkh Nkhìk ìk gc Mdmhfods. Mdmhfods. "]cmtdr "]cm tdr Odrtc  -   -  Nktkbbýo ;=7" ;=7":: su pucs pucstd td gc mdlnktc pkrk gc`co gcrë gcr ë bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok. Munkok.

 

MKUF WSBD DMHD MHD ]DBF ]D BFW WK^F D V @F OKB Jdho Qfbbf Qfb bfkl kl Mddic lucrc prëmtf prëmtfmklc mklcotc otc sdbd y db dbvfgkgd, vfgkgd,  k bds 78gc kûds, co uok gcb Hdspftkb gc Mbìofmks pdr mëomcr publýo qucskbk bd mdosulc co pdmds lcscs.   uo    Kn  K n kog ko g d o kg kgd d pd pdrr bk mdo m dogu gumm mmff ýo pcr pcrdo doff st stk k y gfst gf stkom komff kgd   gc su bìgcr, su tcstfldofd gc lfbftkomfk kbulnrkrìk k bds  arupds rcvdbumfdokrfds quc kmtukrìko co bds sctcotk.  Gcspuæs gc ;605, cb Ncnc hk  hknìk nìk cxpcrf cxpcrflcot lcotkgd kgd uok  prd`uogk trkos`drlkmfýo fgcdbýafmk y pdbìtfmk. ]cgumfgd   pdr bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok, vfkjý uok y dtrk vcz k Bk Hknkok,  mdo su lujcr, y sc hfzd klfad gcb Mhc Aucvkrk y gc dtrds   rc`crcotcs gc bk fzqufcrgk bktfodklcrfmkok. Fombusd bbcaý   k kbfstkrsc co bks lfbfmfks pkrk rcpcbcr bds ktkqucs   gc knrfb gc ;60; co Ubkyk Afrýo.

Jdho Q. Mddic

 

;5 ;

 

K prfomfpfds gc ;605, mukogd Mddic cstknk prëmtfmklcotc gc`cocstrkgd gc bk mdogummfýo pcrdofstk, kfsbkgd y gcskutdrfzkgd pdr su prdpfd bìgcr gcsgc cb cxfbfd, rcmfnc uok fovftkmfýo quc fnk k mklnfkr gc`foftfvklcotc su vfgk: bd mdovdmknko pkrk vfkjkr k Bk Hknkok k pkr tfmfpkr gcb Urflcr Comucotrd Bktfodklcrfmkod gc ]dbfgkrfgkg mdo bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok. Cb Ncnc bbcak k Munk pdr prflcrk vcz co knrfb gc csc kûd fovf tkgd pdr cb Ldvflfcotd >0 gc Jubfd. Ucrd kpcoks pfsk tfcrrk fsbcûk cs gctcofgd, pdr uok kmuskmfýo gc "pcbfardsd tcrrdrfstk", prdgumtd gc bks fotcroks gcb prdpfd mdluofsld bktfodklcrfmkod. Bd fotc rrdakrdo co cb gcspkmhd gcb jc`c gcb ]crvfmfd gc ]caurfgkg, cb tclf nbc mdlkogkotc ^klfrd Pkbgæs, quc mdo kpcoks >8 kûds yk sc hknìk akokgd uok `klk gc flpbkmknbc co bds prflcrds lcscs gcb adnfcrod rcvdbumfdokrfd. Co cb buakr mdbaknk uo mkrtcb quc rczknk "Nfcovcofgds k Munk: tcrrftdrfd bfnrc gc Klærfmk". Mddic bd bcyý mdo frdoìk, pfgfý uok lëqufok gc csmrfnfr y sc pusd k rcgkmtkr uoks odtks, yk quc hknìk krrcabkgd hkmcr tkrcks gc mdrrcspdoskb pkrk uok rcvfstk uruaukyk. Lfcotrks tfpcknk, mdomcotrkgd, sfotfý uok lkod quc bc adbpctcknk cb hdlnrd y uok vdz quc, mdo fomdo`uogfnbc kmcotd kracotfod, bc gfmc: -´[uæ tkb, Mddic4 ´Ksì quc cstës co mkok4... Cb Ncnc sc gfd vucbtk y vfd bk sdorfsk mýlpbfmc gc Crocstd Mhc Aucvkrk, qufco kprdvcmhý su klfstkg mdo Pkbgæs pkrk rcsdbvcr bk mdo`usfýo c frsc gc kbbì mdo su mdlpktrfdtk. Bks mhkrbks sc sumcgfc rdo y klnds cotknbkrdo uok mëbfgk rcbkmfýo: bds tclks gfsmurrìko cotrc cb `utu `u turd rd gc bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok Munkok y bk cscomfk y pdtcomfkbfgkgcs pdtcomfk bfgkgcs gcb pcrdofsld, kb quc cb Mhc lfrknk mdo nkstkotc gcsmdo`fkozk. Gcspuæs gc bds prflcrds comucotrds, Mddic mdlcozý k hkmcrsc uok mdlpdsfmfýo gc buakr: @fgcb crk mdld Ucrýo, bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok tcoìk uo mbkrd mdlpdocotc okmfdokbfstk y kotfflpcrfkbfstk, y co Kraco tfok bds vcrgkgcrds mdluofstks crko bds pcrdofstks. Kb lfsld tfclpd,

;5>

C! pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

y pkubktfoklcotc, fnk prdmcskogd su skbtd fotcbcmtukb gcb okmfdok bfsld rcvdbumfdokrfd kb lkrxfsld. Co jubfd gc csc kûd rcmfnc uo oucvd rcmdodmflfcotd gc Ucrýo, yk mýldgd co su su buak buakrr gc ërnftrd ërnftrd gcb gcb Ldv Ldvflfcotd: flfcotd: "[ucrfgd Ncnc: Cxmc bcotc su mkrtk knfcrtk kb mrctfod quc, pkrk vcraòcozk gc bds kracotf ods, hkmc quc adnfcrok co oucstrd pkìs... (sc rc`crìk k uok rcmfcotc mkrtk knfcrtk k @rdo @rdogfz gfzf). f). Od csmkpk csmkpk kb kb lc lcods ods kgvc kgvcrtfg rtfgd d quc cb 65 pdr mfcotd gc bds pucnbds bktfodklcrfmkods cstëo mdo Munk y mdo @fgcb, od sýbd pdrquc tfcoco rkzýo sfod tklnfæo pdrquc co`rcotko vkbfcotclcotc k bds ctcrods coclfads gc csds pucnbds". Co Mddic rcokm rcokmc c su `c pcrdofstk. Sods gìks gìks gcspu gcspuæs æs bc mdotcstk mdotcs tk mdo mkogfgcz y nusmk mdovcomcrbd gc bks sflfbftugcs cotrc bds prd mcsds pcrdofstk y mkstrfstk, y bc pfgc quc cb Ldvflfcotd nrfogc uo kpdyd knsdbutd k bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok.

@usfb mdot mdotrk rk `usfb Jdho y Kbfmfk sc sfcotco mýldgds co Munk9 sdo lflkgds y kglf rkgds pdr bds mdomurrcotcs k bks mdo`crcomfks quc æb gk pcrfýgfmk lcotc. Wdgds sc bc kmcrmko pkrk trktkr gc cotcogcr kb pcrdofsld y prcauotkrbc sdnrc bk rckbfgkg kracotfok. Cb Ncnc bcs cxpbfmk cxpbfmk y gfsmu gfsmutc tc y sc kpksfdok, sc sfcotc co su skbsk, rcmdodmfgd. V csmrfnc tdgd cb tfclpd. Gc cstds gìks cs su mcbcnrkgd coskyd Bk rcvdbumfýo rcvdbumfýo y su  ætfmk, uo koëbfsfs `fbdsý`fmd sdnrc bk ldrkb bfncrkb y bk sdmfkbfstk.

Ucrd su trknkjd fotcbcmtukb cs fotcrrulpfgd pdr bk kmmfýo gc bds kotfmkstrfstks y gc Cstkgds Sofgds. Co odvfclnrc, bk fovksfýo gcsgc Auktclkbk, gdogc sc mdomcotrko bks hucstcs mdotrkrrcvdbumfdokrfks, pkrcmc folfocotc. Wdgk bk fsbk sc prcpkrk pkrk bk gc`cosk. V Kbfmfk y Jdho sdo tcstfads y prdtkadofstks gc csds kprcstds. "Cb klnfcotc Udpubkr, pubkr, co odvfclnrc gc ;605-. cs gc kbcarìk -csmrfnc Mddic pkrk Cb Ud Bks mkbbcs cstëo bbcoks gc cstrktcads flprdvfskgds quc sc trcozko co gfsmusfdocs fotcrlfoknbcs sdnrc bds puotds prdnknbcs gc bk fovk

Jdho Q. Mddic

;5=

 

sfýo y bk tëmtfmk quc kgdptkrë @fgcb. Gc odmhc, rcmdrrclds bk mfugkg y mdomurrflds k bds sftfds gc mdomcotrkmfýo gc lfbfmfks. Bds hknkoc rds cstëo kosfdsds pdr tdlkr bks krlks. Khdrk, bks cstëo rcmfnfcogd y bk `cbfmfgkg sc trksbumc co bds rdstrds y bds acstds. Gc prdotd, bbcak @fgcb, quc rcmdrrc tdgds bds puotds gc rcuofýo y mkc gc flprdvfsd, gc gìk y gc odmhc. Cstc cs uo pucnbd mdo kmcrkgk vdbuotkg, kosfdsd pdr mdlnktfr y gfspucstd k ldrfr, sf cs prcmfsd. Cs quc bk rcvdbu mfýo hk skmkgd k bk buz tdgks bks vfrtugcs okmfdokbcs... Bds lfbfmfkods gc Mun Munkk -m -muy uyds ds mkotds trkc trkc bk odmhc lfcotrks csm csmrfnd rfnd-- lc mdo`frlko quc vklds pdr nuco ruln rulnd". d". @fokblc @fo kblcotc otc,, cb ;0 gc kn knrfb rfb gcb 00;; sc prd prdgum gumc c bk fovksfýo. fovksfýo. Bk fsbk cs ktkmkgk pdr kfrc y lkr gcsgc gfvcrsds puotds, pcrd bks `ucrzks coc lfaks sc mdomcotrko co bk rcafýo mcotrkb, lës cspcmì`fmklcotc co Ubkyk Afrýo, Nkhìk gc bds Mdmhfods y Ubkyk Bkrak, co Lktkozks. Gurkotc trcs gìks bds mdlnktcs sdo fotcosìsflds y cxtcoukotcs, bucad @fgcb kouomfk kb pcrfdgfsld cb `fo gc bks kmmfdocs. Ucrd of Kbfmfk of cb Ncnc cstëo prcscotcs co csk mdo`crcomfk. Klnds sc comucotrko co su pucstd gc mdlnktc, gcpcogfcotc gc bk Lfbfmfk Okmfdokb ^cvdbumfdokrfk, co cb ]cmtdr Odrtc, Nktkbbýo ;=7. Bk prdarcsfvk fgcotf`fmkmfýo gc Mddic mdo cb prdmcsd munkod mdfo mfgc mdo cb rcpbfcauc gc su Ldvflfcotd, quc vk knkogdokogd bk bìock fotrkosfacotc gc bds prflcrds kûds gc bk ^csfstcomfk. Cb Ncnc kgvfcrtc cstk tëmtfmk Acocrkb y gcmfgc >7 gc jubfd gc ;60; ;6 0; oucvk pkrk rctdl rct dlkr kr gcb cb cb gfëbdad qucn qucnrkgd rkgd lës lcsmrfnfrbc ës gc uo cb kûd.ktrës.

Úbtflks mkrtks, cb grklk gcb gcscomucotrd Co csk cxtcosk mkrtk, Mddic mrftfmk cotrc dtrks mdsks bk pcrscmumfýo k bds mdluofstks quc hkmc Juko Ktfbfd Nrkluabfk, cb cx mkomfbbcr quc hknìk sumcgfgd co cb mkrad k su pkgrc, co ;670. "Od k bds mdlu ofstks gcb Ukrtfgd Mdluofstk -kmbkrk-, quc sdo nfco pkmf`fstks pdr mfcrtd, sfod k oucstrds mdlpkûcrds quc, mdld kutæotfmds pcrdofs

;57

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdo krfd

 

tks, tks, mdlnktco mdotrk ccbb ræaflco vfa vfacotc cotc", ", y mdotfoúk, mdotfoúk, pcakogd pcakogd:: "Csc pcrdofsld gc purk `faurkmfýo y mëbmubd, gc mknkbbcrds, csc pcrdofsld sfo koaustfk, sfo cb pcosklfcotd pucstd tdgd cb gìk y tdgds bds gìks co cb grklk kracotfod, cs uo lcrcoauc gcmdrktfvd, quc scrìk útfb sf kgcotrd gc bk tdrtk hunfcsc uok ndlnk. Ksì, tcoclds uo bìgcr rcvd bumfdokrfd y uok lksk rcvdbumfdokrfk, pcrd tklnfæo uok mkpk nurdmrë tfmk -sfogfmkb, pdbìtfmk y kglfofstrktfvk- quc kmtúk gc kfsbkotc y od gc lcmkofsld gc trkslfsfýo, gc `rcod y od gc cjcmumfýo". Co pbcod grklk gc gcscomucotrds cotrc Mddic y Ucrýo, cb prf lcrd bc pfgc kb acocrkb cxfbfkgd quc od gcjc buakr k gugks sdnrc bk mkbfgkg rcvdbumfdokrfk gc su bfgcrkzad: "Bd lkbd cs quc, pdr sulkr krftlætfmklco krftlæ tfmklcotc, tc, y nusmkr qu qucc okgfc sc qucgc k` k`ucrk ucrk,, qucgkr qucgkrclds clds tdgds k bk fotclpcrfc, pdrquc co mukotd ocmcsftclds rcmurrfr k oucs trk lksk, cstkbbkrëo vfdbcotklcotc bks pdsfmfdocs mdotrkgfmtdrfks quc sdbklcotc pucgco scr sdstcofgks co knstrkmtd: d kotfflpcrfkbfstks y pdr bk rcvdbumfýo d gc`cosdrcs gc Dmmfgcotc y ncoclærftds gc bk Fabcsfk", prd`ctfzk co ;60;, rcspcmtd gc bd quc dmurrfrë co ;61=. V cxfac -c -cbb fotcbcmtukb bc cxfac kb pdbìtfmd, pdbìtfmd, md mdld ld Juko Nkutfstk Kbncrgf kbauok vcz fotcrpcbý k Juko Lkoucb gc ^dsks- quc "bd prflcrd quc tcoclds gcrcmhd k rcmbklkr bds sflpbcs lfbftkotcs quc qucrclds kb Ldvflfcotd, cs quc od sc bd prcscotc gcs`faurkgd. Bd quc rcsdbvflds co ;673 cs bd quc hky quc rcsdbvcr khdrk: bk gcstrummfýo gcb flpcrfk bfsld y bk dbfakrquìk. Ucrd khdrk bds prdnbclks sdo lës arkvcs y bds lcgfds k oucstrd kbmkomc lcodrcs. Bks Bks sdbumfdocs gc cotd cotdomcs omcs yk od sfrvco. Bk 'nuraucsìk okmfdokb' sc gfd vucbtk, mdld sfclprc hkmc co bds pkìscs sclfmdbdofkbcs, pdrquc od cs bk mbksc pfdocrk, clprcogcgdrk y prdarcsfstk gc bds mcotrds mkpftkbfstks, sfod uok mbksc supcgftkgk, cmdoýlfmk y mubturkblcotc, mubtur kblcotc, kb flpcrfkbfsld. Udr Udr `u `ucrzk crzk tcogrcl tcogrclds ds quc scr lës rkgfmkbcs, lës rcvdbumfdokrfds co bks lcgfgks". Uërrk`d scaufgd, gcskrrdbbk uok cxtcosk gc`cosk gc bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok y bc pfgc k Ucrýo quc kpdyc púnbfmklcotc k Mkstrd, rc`bcxfd

Jdho Q. Mddic

;53

 

okogd cpfstdbkrlcotc sdnrc bk fgcotfgkg gcb pcrdofsld: "´[uæ sdlds gcsgc cb puotd gc vfstk gc oucstrk drfcotkmfýo4 Bd úofmd quc cs pdsf nbc: uo pkrtfgd gc fzqufcrgk. Bds quc gfmco quc csd gc fzqufcrgks y gcrcmhks od tfcoc rkzýo gc scr cs pdrquc sdo rckmmfdokrfds9 pkrk cb rcstd gc bk acotc, bk pkbknrk fzqufcrgk tfcoc uo sfaof`fmkgd luy mbkrd y gdnbclcotc mbkrd co Kracotfok, gdogc bk fzqufcrgk `uc mfpkyk -cs gcmfr od `uc fzqufcrgk-. ]f pdstubklds bk rcvdbumfýo sdmfkb y bk bfquf gkmfýo gc bds bkzds mdbdofkbcs, sdlds gc fzqufcrgk, y dmubtëogdods csk rckbfgkg od prdarcsklds okgk... Mdld fzqufcrgk, sfotfæogdods fzqufcrgk, sdlds uok `ucrzk gcb `uturd. Mdld uo cxtrkûd nfmhd quc cs gc fzqufcrgk y nusmk mdoarkmfkrsc mdo bk gcrcmhk, gurkrclds bd quc ustcg gurc y buca bucadd vcogrë bk gfëspdrk, gfëspdrk, `rkmmfdok `rkmmfdokgds gds co pkrtìmu bks sfo okgk quc d`rcmcr". Co tkotd, bk sftukmfýo pdbìtfmk mdlfcozk k gctcrfdrkrsc co Kraco tfok. K`focs gc ;60;, Ucrýo covìk uok mkrtk púnbfmk mdo scvcrks mrìtfmkss kkbb `rdogfm mrìtfmk `rd ogfmfsl fsldd y bbklk bbklk k vdtkr k mkogfgktds prdpfds co bk bkss cbcm mfdocs gc lkrzd. V dmurrc bd quc bks kutdrfgkgcs lës tclìko: cb ;8 gc lkrzd gcb '0>, cb pcrdofsld akok bks cbcmmfdocs co bds gfstrftds cbcmtdrkbcs lës flpdrtkotcs quc cstknko co jucad y, `uogklcotkb lcotc, gc bk lkod gcb gfrfacotc sfogfmkb Kogræs @rklfof, co bk prd vfomfk gc Nucods Kfrcs. Cs gclksfkgd pkrk cb kotfpcrdofsld vfsmcrkb gc mfcrtds scmtd rcs gc bks @ucrzks Krlkgks: co bk lkgruakgk gcb >6 gc lkrzd sc prdgumc cb adbpc gc Cstkgd, quc arkmfks k uok krtflkûk bcakbfstk urgfgk pdr cb lfofstrd gc Gc`cosk gc @rdogfzf, ^dgdb`d Lkrtìocz, bdark gcspcgfr gcb pdgcr pdg cr kb kb prflcr lkogktkrfd sfo qucnrkr bk mdotfoufgkg pscugd fostftumfdokb, mukogd cb prcsfgcotc prdvfsfdokb gcb ]cokgd, cb scokgdr pdr ^ìd Ocard Jdsæ Lkrìk Aufgd, jurk k bks kpurkgks kotc bk Mdrtc ]uprclk gc Justfmfk gc bk Okmfýo co cb Ukbkmfd gc Wrfnuokbcs. Gcsgc bk vcrcgk pcrdofstk sc vcoìk prdgumfcogd uo "afrd k bk fzqufcrgk" kbcotkgd gcsgc Lkgrfg pdr cb prdpfd Ucrýo, y cs co csc

;50

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

lkrmd co cb quc sc fosmrfnc cb Ubcokrfd Okmfdokb quc bks 0> Drakof zkmfdocs rckbfzko co bk bdmkbfgkg mdrgdncsk gc Hucrtk Arkogc. Cb prd arklk quc sc vdtk co cb comucotrd scrë rcfvfogfmkgd mdld `uogk mfdokb pdr bds scmtdrcs lës mdlnktfvds gcb pcrdofsld. Ucsc kb afrd quc cb acocrkb flprflc k su ldvflfcotd, bk mdrrcs pdogcomfk mdo Mddic sc hk mdrtkgd. Lcjdr gfmhd, cs cspkslýgfmk y uofgfrcmmfdokb. Cb Ncnc csmrfnc y su bìgc b ìgcrr od bc mdotcstk ofoauok mmkrtk, krtk, Vk co bd quc cs uo ldoýbdad gcscspcrkgd, cb ;8 gc dmtunrc gc ;60> bc covìk su mkrtk lës grklëtfmk. Gcspuæs gc uok bkrak mrftfmk k bks "gfrcmmfdocs nurdmrëtfmks pcrdofstks", bc mucotk: "Cb mdlkogkotc @fgcb Mkstrd bd fovftk k quc vfsftc Munk, pdr cb tfclpd y co bks mdogf mfdocs quc ustcg gcscc. Kgclës, bd fovftk k quc sc vkyk k vfvfr k Munk, gdogc ustcg scrë kmdafgd mdld mdrrcspdogc k su jcrkrquìk gc bìgcr gcb pucnbd kracotfod... ]u rkgfmkmfýo co Munk mrckrìk uok mdo ldmfýo mdotfocotkb y tdof`fmkrìk cxtrkdrgfokrfklcotc kb Ldvflfcotd". V rcsubtko mdoldv mdoldvcgdr cgdrcs cs bds cs`ucrzds, prdlct prdlctcfmds cfmds y vko vkods, ds, gc Mddic fotcotkogd mdovcomcr k su jc`c: "Cspkûk pkrcmc bd `frlc, bd `klfbfkr... Udr csd gfsflubk bk mërmcb sfo rcjks co quc ustcg cstë. Udrquc ustcg od cstë co Dmmfgcotc sfod co ]kotk Cbcok... Od pucgc mkptkr bk bk vfvcomfk quc sýbd gk cb mdotkmt mdotkmtd d gfrcmtd, cb fotcrmkl fotcrmklnfd nfd mdo hdlnrcs y pkrtfgds... Dmmfgcotc bd lctc co uok gc sus jkubks lës d lcods gdrkgks. Mdo bfncrtkg pkrk mubtfvkr su hucrtk d fr k bds tdrds, sf sc bc dmurrc, mdo bks bfncrtkgcs quc kprcmfkrìk uo nuraucsftd, quftëogdbc bks quc ocmcsftk uo arko pdbìtfmd... Sstcg od cs uo cxfbfkgd sfod uo gdnbc cxfbfkgd. Cxfbfkgd gc su pktrfk y cxfbfkgd gcb luogd luo gd rcvdbumfdokrfd rcvdbumfdokrfd,, gdogc sc gcmfgc bk hfstdrfk y gdogc tfcoc sus hcrlkods gc mkusk". Ucrýo od sýbd od bc mdotcstý bk mkrtk, y rcmhkzý bk fovftkmfýo k trkvæs gc Hæmtdr Pfbbkbýo, sfod quc kgclës sc ocaý k rcmfnfr k Mddic co Uucrtk gc Hfcrrd. Crk uo kgcbkotd gc bk rupturk gc`foftfvk quc sc prdgumfrìk gds kûds gcspuæs..

Jdho Q. Mdd Mddic ic

;51

 

Cotrc Bk Hknkok y Nucods Kfrcs Co csds kûds, Jdho y Kbfmfk fnko y vcoìko cotrc bks gds mfugkgcs. Lfcotrks cb pcrdofsld prcscotk mkogfgktds ldgcrkgds k bks cbcm mfdocs gc jubfd gc ;60 ;60= = -`fokbl -`fok blco cotc tc fnk fnk k scr prdsmrftd oucvklcotc, Ucrýo bbklkrìk k vdtkr co nbkomd y scrìk cbcmtd Krturd bbbfk-, Mddic bbcak k Kracotfok y gcmbkrk: "Pcoad gfspucstd k fosu`bkr uo foqufc tkotc kfrc sunvcrsfvd co bds publdocs publdo cs gcb pcrdofsld, muyds mukgrds mukgrds gfrfacotcss cstëo knur gfrfacotc knuraucskgds. aucskgds. Cb ld ldvfl vflfcot fcotdd pcrdofstk cs rcvdbu mfdokrfd, od pucgc scr dtrk mdsk... Cstc pcrdofsld quc comucotrd sc pkrcmc k bk prdstftutk krrcpcotfgk gcb Cvkoacbfd". Mddic prdvdmk, huogc cb gcgd co bk bbkak y sc akok coclfads pdgcrdsds. Mdld bds quc lkogkrdo uo mdlkogd k bfqufgkrbd co cb rcstkurkotc gc bk mkbbc Hfpýbftd Vrfadyco 38;. Cstknk mcokogd kbbì  juotd k Jdsæ Lk Lkrìk rìk ^ ^ds dsk, k, Krtur Krturd d Jkurctmhc y dtrds, mukog mukogdd uo aru arupd pd cotrý co cb bdmkb kb arftd gc "Lktco k Mddic! FCoscaufgk, uo rcvýb vcr bc kpuotk kb pcmhd. Ucrd uok lkod klfak lkodtck cb krlk y bk nkbk kscsfok pcak co uok mdbulok gc lërldb, krlëogdsc uok nktkhdbk co bk quc od `kbtkrdo trdlpkgks, sfbbkzds, ndtcbbkzds... bk lumhkmhkgk mdotrktkgk pdr bk ]FGC pkrk kscsfokr kb Ncnc gcnfý csmkpkr mdrrfcogd lfcotrks munrìk su rctfrkgk k bds tfrds. Jdho pcrlkocmc co Kracotfok sdbd-Kbfmfk cstknk co Munk y mub tfvknk uok cstrcmhk rcbkmfýo mdo cb Mhc Aucvkrk-y sc cotcrk quc Ucrýo gcmfgc rckbfzkr cb tko punbfmftkgd "Dpcrktfvd ^ctdrod". K rkìz gc cbbd, csmrfnc: "Bk vucbtk gcb Acocrkb tcogrìk c`cmtds tko prd`uo gds, gctcrlfokrìk tkb kulcotd gc bk mdlnktfvfgkg pdpubkr quc `rk mkskrëo tdgks bks lkofdnrks gc kbauods pdbftfqucrds pcrdofstks y od pcrdofstks pkrk pkmtkr bk vucbtk gc uo Ucrýo quc od scrìk cb lfsld, uo Ucrýo rc`drlfstk quc `rcoc bk rcncbgìk pdpubkr, quc sc mdlprd lctk mdo cb ræaflco. Csc ldofadtc od cxfstc". @fokblcotc, cb > gc gfmfclnrc gc ;607 Ucrýo tdlk uo kvfýo co cb kcrdpucrtd gc Nkrkjks, co Lkgrfg, hkmfk Sruauky, pcrd, k pcgfgd

;58

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

gc bk Mkomfbbcrìk kracotfok, cb vucbd cs gcsvfkgd hkmfk ^ìd gc Jkocfrd y dnbfakgd k rctdrokr k Cspkûk. Gds gìks gcspuæs, Mddic gk uok mdo `crcomfk gc prcosk co bk quc gcouomfk quc "bd quc `rkmksý od `uc cb arupd nurdmrëtfmd, sfod bk mdomcpmfýo nurdmrëtfmk gc bk pdbìtfmk co acocrkb, `rkmksý bk mdomcpmfýo gc quc cs pdsfnbc hkmcr mukbqufcr tfpd gc kmucrgd mdo cb ræaflco, bk mdomcpmfýo gc quc cb pcrdofsld pucgc prdarcskr co nksc k mdomcsfdocs y od co nksc k lkotcocr fo`bcxf nbclcotc sus prfomfpfds gc `ucrzk rcvdbumfdokrfk `rcotc kb ræaflco. Bd quc `rkmksý tklnfæo `uc cb gcsprcmfd pdr bk drakofzkmfýo, cb gcsprcmfd pdr bk cstrumturkmfýo gc oucstrd pdtcomfkb gc lksks y kmtfvfstks, cb gcsprcmfd pdr uok lctdgdbdaìk mdrrcmtk".

Bk rupturk Cb >1 gc cocrd gcb 03, 03, Mddic rcpftc csds md mdomcp omcptds tds co uok mkrtk mkrtk qu quc c covìk k Ucrýo, qucjëogdsc pdr bk `kbtk gc ldvfbfzkmfýo gc lksks, yk quc, mdo bk acotc co bk mkbbc, kb adnfcrod bc hunfcrk sfgd flpdsf nbc gcsvfkr cb kvfýo. Wklnfæo bd fotflk k quc sc gc`fok: "Bks lksks ocmcsftko kbad quc bks skquc gc su pdstrkmfýo. V cb úofmd hcmhd quc pucgc vdbmkr bks mdogfmfdocs cs quc ustcg knkogdoc Cspkûk y sc vkyk k Munk". Cb 8 gc `cnrcrd, `fokblcotc, Ucrýo bc mdotcstk: "Hc scaufgd luy gc mcrmk tdgk bk kmmfýo quc sc hk vcofgd rckbfzkogd pkrk gcs prcstfafkr sfstclëtfmklcotc k bds gfrfacotcs quc, lkb d nfco, tfcoco bk gfrcmmfýo y mdogummfýo gcb Ldvflfcotd y prdvfcoco gc cbcmmfdocs gc bks prdpfks nkscs quc gfmco khdrk od tcocr mdo`fkozk co bd quc csds lfslds gfrfacotcs hkmco. ´Cs quc hk hknfgd dtrds gfrfacotcs quc sc hkyko cbcafgd co mdogfmfdocs lcjdrcs k bds quc od sc hkyk tklnfæo trktkgd gc gcsprcstfafkr4... Wdgd mukotd sc k`frlk fosfgfd sklcotc sdnrc bks mkusks gcb `rkmksd gc lf rctdrod, mkrakogd bks mubpks k bds mdlpkûcrds gc bk Mdlfsfýo, cs `kbsd y lkbfotcomfdokgd, pdrquc lc mdostk pcrsdokblcotc muëotd hclds hcmhd pkrk

Jdho Q. Mddic

 

;56

 

kscaurkr uok dpcrkmfýo bbcok gc gf`fmubtkgcs y rfcsads. Dtrds scrìko bds rcsubtkgds sf co vcz gc mkrakr fojustklcotc mubpks focxfs tcotcs, sc pusfcrko gc kmucrgd, tdgds bds quc kohcbko gc`cogcr kb pcrdofsld, k bds quc tfcoco rcspdosknfbfgkg gc gcspbk bk mdo gummfýo y odpkrk pkrkkyugkr dnstkmubfzkrbds... Urctcogcr quc yd gcnk zkrlc k Cafptd d k Munk co bks mfrmuostkomfks kmtukbcs od cs tkl pdmd bd lës rkmfdokb, pdr bd lcods hkstk tkotd od sc hkyko mrckgd co oucstrd pkìs bks lcjdrcs mdogfmfdocs pkrk lf rcarcsd, kuoquc sck mdo bds rfcsads prcsulfnbcs quc of cbugd of tcld". Bds tær tærlfo lfods ds gc bk mkrtk mkrtk sdo mdotuogcotcs. mdotuogc otcs. Ucrýo Ucrýo tdlk pdsfmfý pdsfmfýo, o, y od cs bk quc Mddic hunfcrk gcsckgd: rcspkbgk k bk gfrfacomfk quc cb Ncnc tkotd mucstfdok y, kgclës, bc kvfsk quc od tfcoc pcoskgd trksbkgkrsc k Munk. Cb Acocrkb sc sfcotc luy mýldgd co Lkgrfg. Bk mdrrcspdogcomfk sc fotcrrulpc gurkotc mksf uo kûd, gurkotc cb mukb Mddic `drlk bk Karupkmfýo ^cvdbumfdokrfk Ucrdofstk, y csmrfnc y punbfmk bds Kpu  Kpuotc otcs s pkrk bk lfbftk lfbftkomfk, omfk, uo rcmdrrfgd co cb quc kpbfmk cb lktcrfkbfsld gfkbæmtfmd k bk hfstdrfk kracotfok. Kgclës, vucbvc k vfk  jkr k Mun unkk y tfcoc uo úbtfld comucotrd mdo mdo su klfad ccbb Mh Mhcc A Auc ucvk vkrk rk,, kotcs gc quc cb bìgcr aucrrfbbcrd pkrtfcrk hkmfk bk scbvk ndbfvfkok y hkmfk su prdpfk lucrtc. Co Kracotfok, mrcmc cb co`rcotklfcotd cotrc vkogdrfstks y mdlnktfvds, y sc hkmc mæbcnrc bk lëxflk quc supucstk lcotc prdouomfkrk cb jc`c lctkbúrafmd: "Hky quc cstkr mdotrk Ucrýo pkrk skbvkrk Ucrýo". Nusmkogd mdotrkrrcstkrbd, Ucrýo hkmc vfkjkr kb pkìs k su lujcr, Fskncb, pkrk rcmdacr kghcsfdocs y bckbtkgcs. V mdo ld ldtfv tfvdd gc uo uokk `rksc gc Ucrýo ("Cb gdmt gdmtdr dr Mddic, quc bcc tkotds bfnrds, od bds kprdvcmhk, y khdrk sc hk pucstd gcb bkgd gc Pkogdr"), cb Ncnc gcmfgc, co cocrd gc ;600, gcsgc Bk Hknkok, rctdlkr bk mdrrcspdogcomfk quc sc fotcrrulpfcrk co `cnrcrd gcb 03. ]us pkbk nrkss sdo mksf kaýofmks: nrk kaýofmks: "Hky "H ky quc ndrrkr cstk mdogumm mdogummfýo fýo fomkp fomkpkz kz y, co arko pkrtc, mdlpbfmkgk mdo cb ræaflco. Ucrd gcsgc pdsfmfdocs rcvdbumfdokrfks y od gcsgc uok pdsfmfýo gc `ucrzk kpdykgk co cbc

;; ;;55

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

lcotds gc mukrtk mktcadrìk quc sdo flpdtcotcs mdotrk uok lkquf okrfk mdosdbfgkgk y lkocjkgk pdr cbclcotds mdo lumhk prëmtfmk". V rcmdodmc pdr pr prflcrk flcrk vvcz: cz: " L fs kraul kraulcotds, cotds, gcsarkmfkgk lcotc, od tfcoco c`cmtd9 ustcg prdmcgc co `drlk luy gf`crcotc k bk quc yd prcmdofzd y k vcmcs co `drlk tdtkblcotc kotftætfmk". Cb >3 gc cocrd, Ucrýo bc rcspdogc co uok mkrtk quc qufzë sck bk lës fotcrcskotc gc tdgk bk mdrrcspdogcomfk: kbbì d`rcmc su vcrgkgcrk pdsfmfýo `fbdsý`fmk rcspcmtd gc bk pdbìtfmk. Gcspuæs gc uok nrcvc fotrd gummfýo co bk quc kscaurk mdomdrgkr co bk ocmcsfgkg gc tcrlfokr mdo bds flpcrfkbfslds, cb vfcjd acocrkb bc csmrfnc: "[ucrfgd Ncnc...  Bds bckbcs y bds gcsbckbcs mucotko sýbd pkrk mdostrufr y gcnclds lkocjkrbds k tdgds pdrquc sf od bbcakrìklds mdo luy pdquftds. Udr dtrk pkrtc, hky gds mbkscs gc bckbtkg, bk gc bds quc sdo bckbcs gc mdrkzýo kb Ldvflfcotd y bds quc sdo bckbcs mukogd od bcs mdo vfcoc scr gcsbckbcs. Mdo klnds hky quc mdotkr: uskogd k bds prflc rds sfo rcscrvks y utfbfzkogd k bds scauogds, k mdogfmfýo gc mdbd mkrbds co uok sftukmfýo co bk quc od bcs mdovcoak gc`cmmfdokr. Kb `fokb, od hky hdlnrcs nucods of lkbds, lës nfco tdgd gcpcogc gc bks mfrmuostkomfks, kuoquc pkrk mdogumfr cs sfclprc lcjdr pcoskr quc lumhds sdo sdo lkbds y lcotfrdsd l cotfrdsds". s". Cb >; >; gc `cnrc `cn rcrd rd,, cb Ncnc bc csmrfnc su úbtflk mkrtk k Ucrýo, co bk quc, kb gcspcgfrsc, kmdtk: "Mdld pkrtd pkrk Nucods Kfrcs gcotrd gæ uo rktd, pdoad `fo k cstk lfsfvk. scotflfcotds gc klfs tkg pcrsdokb y sdbfgkrfgkg pdbìtfmk.Bc Sorcftcrd `ucrtc lfs knrkzd. Mddic". Csks sdo bks úbtflks pkbknrks gcb gfëbdad cpfstdbkr lës fotcrcskotc y `rumtì`crd cotrc gds gfrfacot g frfacotcs cs pdbìtfmds k bds qu quc c ouomk bcs `kbtý mfcrtk fodmcomfk fodmcomfk y sdncrnfk, pdr uo bkgd, y mfcrtk sknfgurìk y kstumfk, pdr cb dtrd.

Cb `fokb Fo`drlc rlc k bk bks s Nkscs  Wrks cb gcrrdmklfcotd gc bbbfk, Mddic csmrfnc cb Fo`d gcb Ldvflfcotd, kmksd su tcstklcotd pdbìtfmd, co gdogc mdogcok cb

Jdho Q. Mddi Mddicc

 

;; ;

 

adbpc gcb acocrkb Juko Mkrbds Doakoìk y hkmc uo prd`uogd y kaugd koëbfsfs gc bk rckbfgkg okmfdokb, yk gcsgc uok ýptfmk octklcotc lkrxfstk kuoquc sfo pcrgcr mfcrtks mdomcpmfdocs okmfdokbfstks. Co cb mrcpúsmubd gc su vfgk, cb Ncnc  kpucstk k mdostrufr uo "pcrdofsld gc mbksc" quc pucgk bbcvkr kgcbkotc bk mdostrummfýo gcb sdmfkbfsld co Kracotfok, y sfcotk bds `uogklcotds fgcdbýafmds quc sdstcogrìko k bks gfstfotks drakofzkmfdocs krlkgks pcrdofstks gc bk gæmkgk gcb sctcotk, Ldotdocrds y @KU nësfmklcotc. Co jubfd gc ;601 vfkjk pdr úbtflk vcz k Munk pkrk ksfstfr k bk mdo `crcomfk gc bk Drakofzkmfýo Bktfodklcrfmkok gc ]dbfgkrfgkg mdo bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok (DBK]), co cb trkosmursd gc bk mukb, cb Mhc gfrë su `kldsk sscotcomfk: cotcomfk: "Cb mmklfod klfod gc Pfctokl cs ouc oucstrd strd mklfod. Bk mdo`rdotkmfýo co cb ëlnftd mdotfocotkb cs oucstrd scogcrd, mdld bd cs bk mrckmfýo gc uo scauogd y uo tcrmcr Pfctokl co cb luogd". Gc kbbì skbgrë uok gc bks mdosfaoks lës mdrckgks co bks lkof`cstkmfd ocs bktfodklcrfmkoks bktfodklcrfmkoks gc bk æpd æpdmk: mk: "Ud "Udrr gds / pdr trcs / pdr lumhds lës Pfctokl / pdr bk bfncrkmfýo / sdmfkb y okmfdokb". Gc Bk Hknkok, Mddic vfkjk k Bdogrcs, gdogc sc cotcrk gc bk  Kpuo uo lucrtc gc Aucvkrk co Ndbfvfk. Mdoldvfgd, cb Ncnc csmrfnc Kp tcs sdnrc s dnrc cb Mh Mhc, c, co gdogc bd rcmucrgk y kokbfzk sus prfomfpkbcs fgcks pdbìtfmks. V k `focs gcb 01 yk cstë gc vucbtk co Kracotfok. Kquì rcgkmtk su úbtfld bfnrd, Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbumfýo, gdogc fombuyc uok gc sus mftks lës `kldsks: "Cb Ucrdofsld Ucrdofs ld cs cb hcmhd lkbgftd lkbg ftd gc bk pdbì pdbìtfmk tfmk gcb pkìs nurauæs", uo mdomcptd quc mdlpbctk mdo dtrd co cb quc trkoslftc trkosl ftc su pcsflfsld: "Cs mdld Ldv Ldvflfco flfcotd td uo afak afakotc otc fov fovcr cr tcnrkgd y lfdpc... Ukrk nfco y pkrk lkb, cs bk `ucrzk quc oucstrk rck bfgkg sdmfkb hk drfafokgd mdld dpdsfmfýo kb ræaflco". Co bds prflcrds lcscs gcb 08, Mddic sc fostkbk co Ldotcvfgcd, pcrd uo mëomcr gc publýo bd dnbfak k rcarcskr k Nucods Kfrcs. Wfcoc kpcoks 78 kûds. K lcgfkgds gc scptfclnrc bd fotcroko co cb Hdspf tkb gc Mbìofmks, gdogc fotcotko skbvkrbd lcgfkotc uok scrfc gc fotcr

;;> ;;>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

vcomfdocs qufrúrafmks. Od hund mksd, bds mfomd ktkgds gc mfakrrfbbds gfkrfds quc `ulknk, uod trks dtrd, y muyk mcofzk sdbìk tcrlfokr lës co su mucrpd quc co bds mcofmcrds, tcrlfokrdo kspfrëogdscbd k æb. @fokblcotc, cb ;6 gc scptfclnrc, lfcotrks bcìk uo bfnrd sdnrc bk csmbkvftBg gc bds ocards, bk pkrëbfsfs bbcaý k sus nrkzds y cb vdbu lco mkyý kb sucbd. Ukrcmìk gdrlfgd. Cstknk lucrtd. Kmdlpkûkgd, kpcoks, pd: su lujcr Kbfmfk Caurco. ]u tcstklcotd cs uok lucstrk lës gc su lfbftkomfk pcrlk ocotc. @cmhkgd cb >; gc kadstd, cstknbcmc: "k) Gdokmfýo gc lfs djds, gc lf pfcb, ctmætcrk9 n) acstfdocs co trëlftc pkrk gdokr bds rcstkotcs ýrakods y sf cs pdsfnbc tdgd bd quc rcstc gc lf mucrpd... ]f bd kotcrfdr `ucsc `kmtfnbc, mulpbfræ mdo uo gdnbc dnjctfvd: yk quc od hc pdgfgd, pdr lcgfd gc uok lucrtc hcrdfmk, mdotrfnufr k bk sdbumfýo rcvdbumfdokrfk gc oucstrd grklk klcrfmkod, kb lcods pdgræ kyugkrk rcsdbvcr kbaúo prdnbclk fogfvfgukb, scrvfr pkrk bk prëmtfmk gc cstugfkotcs gc lcgfmfok, ctmætcrk9 y kb lfsld tfclpd, qucgkrìk cbflfokgd cb prdnbclk gc gfspdocr gc lfs rcstds ldr tkbcs, mdo cb mdosfaufcotc kbfvfd co lktcrfk gc vcbdrfd, cotfcrrd, ctmætcrk... Vd vfvfræ mdld rcmucrgd, gurkotc cb tfclpd quc lc tco ako co su lcldrfk bks pcrsdoks quc gc vcrks lc hko qucrfgd9 y co bk lcgfgk co quc hc gcgfmkgd lf vfgk k bds fgckbcs rcvdbumfd okrfds gc bk bfncrtkg hulkok, lc pcrpctukræ co bk dnrk gc bds quc mdotfoúco csk lfbftkomfk". Cb lfsld gìk gc su lucrtc, mkco co Wkmd ^kbd bds gdmc lumhk mhds gc bks @ucrzks Krlkgks Ucrdofstks (@KU) quc hknìko sunfgd kb ldotc tumulkod pkrk fofmfkr bk aucrrfbbk rurkb, mdo cb gcmfgfgd kpdyd gcb ]cnc y Kbfmfk Kbfmfk.. Mddic lurfý pdmd kotcs gc uo tfclpd quc hunfcrk gfs`rutkgd vfvfr. ]cfs lcscs gcspuæs cstkbbknk cb Mdrgdnkzd y uo kûd y lcgfd lës tkrgc, uo arupd gc jývcocs scmucstrknk kb acocrkb Krklnuru y sc gknk k mdodmcr mdld Ldotdocrds. Ucrýo, `fokblcotc, sc gcmfgfý k

J d h o Q . Md d i c

;;=

 

utfbfzkr bk tëmtfmk tkotks vcmcs rcmbklkgk pdr Mddic gc adbpckr y kmd rrkbkr kb ræaflco quc bds prdsmrfnìk. Ucrd cb Ncnc yk od cstknk. Mukogd lës hknrìk gc hkmcr `kbtk -pdr su cxpcrfcomfk pdbìtfmk y su kutdrf gkg fotcbcmtukb-yk od cstknk. Lurfý sfo hkncrsc pdgfgd mdovcrtfr co csc bìgcr rcvdbumfdokrfd quc fogc`cmtfnbclcotc hknrìk sfgd. Udr mubpk gc bk lucrtc, cotdomcs, Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic qucgd rcgumfgd, sflpbclcotc, k uok pdsfnfbfgkg hfstýrfmk.

;;7

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

M^D M^ DODBDAF BDAF K J DHO Q. MDD MDDIC

;6;6 Cb ;7 gc odvfclnrc okmc Jdho Qfb Qfbbfkl bfkl,, hfjd gc Juko Fskkm Md Mddic dic y Lkrìk Cbvfrk Bcomf.

;6>>

;6>7 ;6>3 ;6>8

Co dmtunrc ksulc bk Urcsfgcomfk gc bk ^cpúnbfmk cb rkgfmkb Lkrmcb Lk rmcbdd Wdrmuktd gc Kb Kbvckr vckr..

Okmc su hcrlkod Mkrbds.

Okmc su hcrlkod @cgcrfmd.

Hfpýbftd Vrfadyco, mdo cb rkgfmkbfsld gfvfgfgd, vucbvc k ksulfrbk ksul frbk Urcsf Urcsfgcom gcomfk. fk.

Jdho Q. Mddic

;;3

 

;6>6

]c prdgumc cb mrkmi gc Qkbb ]trcct.

;6=5 Cb 0 gc scptfclnrc, gcsgc cb Mdbcafd Lfbftkr gc Cb Ukbdlkr, mdlfcozk cb adbpc quc gcrrdmk k Vrfadyco. Ksulc cb acocrkb Jdsæ @æbfx Srfnuru.

;6=8

;675 ;67=

]u pkgrc, Juko Fskkm Mddic, foarcsk kb Mdoarcsd mdld gfputkgd okmfdokb. Jdho cs su kscsdr bcafsbktfvd.

]c rcmfnc gc kndakgd.

Cb 7 gc juofd sc prdgumc uo oucvd adbpc gc Cstkgd. Ksulc pdr sýbd gds gìks cb acocrkb Krturd ^kwsdo, folcgfktklcotc rcclpbkzkgd pdr cb acocrkb Ucgrd Uknbd ^klìrcz, k`ìo kb Arupd gc D`fmfkbcs Sofgds (ADS).

;677 Co `cnrcrd, rcouomfk cb acocrkb Ucgrd Uknbd ^klìrcz y cb acocrkb Cgcblfrd @krrcbb cs gcsfaokgd prcsfgcotc. Co juofd, cb mdrdocb Ucrý Ucrýoo ksulc mdld vfmcprcsfgcotc.

;673 Mdovdmkgks bks cbcmmfd cbc mmfdocs ocs pkrk `cnr `cnrcrd crd gc ;6 ;6770, sscc rckbfzk bk Lkrmhk gc bk Mdostftumfýo y bk Bfncrtkg, cb ;6 gc scptfclnrc, mdo cb clnkjkgdr odrtcklcrf odr tcklcrfmkod mkod ]prufbbc Nrkgco k bbkk mkn mknczk czk.. Cb ;1 gc dmtunrc, mdo Ucrýo prcsd, sc prdgumc bk ldvfbfzkmfýo gc lksks lksks quc nusmý kkscaurkr scaurkr sus mdoqufstks sdmfkbcs, y mdosfaufý bk bfncrkmfýo gcb mdrdocb.

;;0

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Juotd k su pkgrc Jdho Qfbbfkl sc rcúoc pdr prflcrk vcz mdo Ucrýo: juotd k lumhds yrfadycofstks sc sulk kb oucvd ldvflfcotd pdbìtfmd.

;670

;676

;63;

;63>

;637 ;633

Cb >7 gc `cnrcrd trfuo`k bk `ýrlubk Ucrýo-[ufjkod sdnrc bds mkogfgktds gc bk Sofýo Gcldmrëtfmk. Ucrýo ksulc cb 7 gc juofd bk Urcsfgcomfk gc bk ^cpúnbfmk. Mdo kpcoks >0 kûds gc cgkg, Mddic cs cbcafgd gfputkgd okmfdokb.

Bk Mdovcomfýo Okmfdokb Mdostftuycotc mdoskark co lkrzd uok oucvk Mdostftumfýo. Jdho pkrtfmfpk fotcosklcotc gc bds gcnktcs pdr bk rc`drlk.

Cs bk prfomfpkb vdz gcb adnfcrod co bk pdbælfmk pdr cxprdpfkmfýo gcb gfkrfd Bk Urcosk.

Cb 7 gc juofd juofd,, cb acocrkb Ucrýo ksulc ssuu scauogk prcsfg prcsfgcomfk. comfk. Cb >0 gc jubfd lucrc Lkrìk Cvk Gukrtc gc Ucrýo. Mkgumk bk rcprcscotkmfýo bcafsbktfvk gc Mddic, qufco vucbvc k gkr mbkscs.

]kbc cb prflcr oúlcrd gc bk rcvfstk Gc @rcotc.

Cb ;0 gc juofd juofd,, Mdd Mddic ic pk pkrtfmf rtfmfpk pk gc bds co`rcotk co`rcotklfcotd lfcotdss gc Ubkzk gc Lkyd, pfstdbk co lkod. K`focs gc csc lcs, Ucrýo bc d`rcmc uo lfofstcrfd, quc rcmhkzk, y cs odlnrkgd fotcrvcotdr gcb UJ pdrtcûd.

Jdho Q. Mddic Mddic

;;1

 

Cb ;0 gc scptfclnrc mdlfcozk uo oucvd adbpc gc Cstkgd, mdodmfgd mdld ^cvdbumfýo Bfncrtkgdrk, quc co pdmds gìks vdbtckrë kb acocrkb Ucrýo, qufco skbc gcb pkìs mdo rulnd kb Ukrkauky. Co dmtunrc Mddic mkc gctcofgd: rcmdrrc bk Ucoftcomfkrìk y bks mërmcbcs gc Mkscrds, Sshukfk y ^ìd Akbbcads.

;630

;631

Cb ;5 gc juof juofd d cs sdlctfgd k uo sflubkm sflubkmrd rd gc `usfbkl `usfbklfcotd. fcotd. Co odvfclnrc, Ucrýo bd odlnrk su gcbcakgd y hcrcgcrd pdbìtfmd.

Co lkrzd, cb Ncnc juotd mdo mfomd mdlpkûcrds sc `uako cspcmtkmu cspc mtkmubkrl bkrlcotc cotc gcb pcokb gc ^ ^ìd ìd Ak Akbbcads bbcads.. C Cbb arupd bbcak k Mhfbc. Mhfbc. Kbb Kbbìì sc comucotr comucotrkk y sc mksk mdo K Kbfm bfmfk fk Ca Caurco urco.. Hkmfk `focscotrc gc kûd mdlfcozk bks ocadmfkmfdocs pkrk bk `frlk gcb Ukmtd Ucrýo y @rdogfzf.

;638

;636

;;8

Cb >= gc `cnrcrd Krturd @rdogfzf akok, mdo cb kpdyd gcb prdsmrfptd pcrdofsld, bks cbcmmfdocs9 cb ;[gc lkyd ksulc bk Urcsfgcomfk. Co scptfclnrc cstkbbk cb mdo`bfm mdo`bfmtd td cgumktfvd mdodmfgd pdpubkrlcotc mdld cb co`rcotklfcotd "Bkfmk d Bfnrc". Gìks Gìks kotcs gc bks cbcmm cbcmmfdoc fdocss sc `frlk cb pkmt pkmtdd Ucrýo - @rd @rdogfz ogfzf.f. Udr bk mrfsfs pdbìtfmk co Pcoczucbk, Mddic gcnc rc`uafkrsc mdo Ucrýo co bk clnkjkgk gdlfofmkok. Ukrtco rulnd k Mfugkg Wrujfbbd. Cb Ncnc vucbvc k Ldotcvfgcd. Co juofd tfcoc uok cotrcvfstk mbkogcstfok mdo @rdogfzf. Cb ;; gc odvfclnrc, kb foarcskr kb pkìs, cs gctcofgd y pcrlkocmc comkrmcbkgd gurkotc lës gc uo lcs.

Cb ;k gc cocrd, cb Ldvflfcotd >0 gc Jubfd bfgcrkgd pdr @fgcb Mkstrd prdvdmk bk mkìgk gcb gfmtkgdr @ubacomfd Nktfstk co Munk.

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Cb ;1 gc cocrd cstkbbk bk hucbak co cb `rfadrì`fmd Bfskogrd gc bk Wdrrc, co cb pdrtcûd nkrrfd gc Lktkgcrds. Mddic cs uod gc sus `dadocrds fotcbcmtukbcs. Co bk scauogk lftkg gcb kûd punbfmk cb sclkokrfd ]dbumfdocs.  bumhk p dr bk bfncrkmf bfncrkmfýo ýo okmfdokb. CsmrfncbkBk ]urac prflcrk aucrrfbbk pcrdofstk, Sturuomds, quc rcmdodmc su bfgcrkzad fotcbcmtukb.

;605

;60;

;60>

Mdlfcozko bds mdrtdmfrmuftds mdo Ucrýo. Mfcrrk ]dbumfdocs_  vfkjk k Munk fovftkgd k uo Mdoarcsd gc ]dbfgkrfgkg mdo bk ^cvdbumfýo Munkok. Mdodmc kb Mhc Aucvkrk y cotknbk uok rcbkmfýo gc klfstkg. Csmrfnc su "Mkrtk Knfcrtk" mdotrk cb adnfcrod gc @rdogfzf. Kmtúk mdld mdrrcspdoskb gc punbfmkmfdocs uruaukyks gcsgc Bk Hknkok.

]c kbfstk co bks lfbfmfks okmfdokbcs munkoks y `drlk pkrtc gc uo nktkbbýo nktkbbýo gc ggc`cosk c`cosk ``rcotc rcotc k bds fo fovksdrcs vksdrcs mdotr mdotrkrrc krrcvdbu vdbumfd mfd okrfds quc ktkmko bk fsbk.

Mdo bk vfmtdrfk cbcmtdrkb gcb pcrdofsld co vkrfks prdvfomfks (;8 gc lkrzd), @rdogfzf cs dnbfakgd pdr bds lfbftkrcs k gcjkr cb adnfcrod (>6 (>6 ggcc lkrz lkrzd). d). Ksulc cb prcsfgco prcsfgcotc tc prdvfsfdokb gcb ]cokgd, Jdsæ Lkrìk Aufgd, qufco bbklk oucvklcotc k cbcmmfdocs. Co uok mkrtk, Mddic fovftk k Ucrýo k lugkrsc k Munk.

;60=

Mdo bk prdsmrfpmfýo y knstcomfýo gcb pcrdofsld, trfuo`k co bks cbcmmfdocs gc jubfd y bucad ksulc co dmtunrc cb rkgfmkb Krturd bbbfk. Mddic vucbvc k Kracotfok y su`rc uo ktcotkgd co uo rcstkurkotc mæotrfmd gcb quc rcsubtk fbcsd.

Jdho Q . Mddic

;;6

 

;607

Co gfmfclnrc `rkmksk cb Dpcrktfvd ^ctdrod quc fotcotý trkcr gc rcarcsd k Ucrýo. Mddic `drlk bk Karupkmfýo ^cvdbumfdokrfk Ucrdofstk.

]c prdgumc bk mrfsfs gc Ucrýo mdo Kuaustd Wfldtcd Pkogdr c Fskncb vfkjk k Nucods Kfrcs. Co bds prflcrds lcscs cb acocrkb y su cx gcbcakgd cotrcmruzko mkrtks co bks quc yk sc hkmc cvfgcotc cb gfstkomfklfcotd.

;600

;601

Cb >8 gc juofd cs gcrrdmkgd bbbfk y ksulc cb acocrkb Doakoìk, comknczkogd bk ^cvdbumfýo Kracotfok. Mddic bc vucbvc k csmrfnfr k Ucrýo gcsgc Bk Hknkok. Cb >; gc `cnrcrd, cb Ncnc bc covìk bk úbtflk mkrtk. Cb gfëbdad qucgk truomd.

Cb 8 gc dmtunrc lucrc Crocstd Aucvkrk co Ndbfvfk. Mddic vfkjk pdr úbtflk vcz k Munk pkrk bk rcuofýo gc DBK]. Csmrfnc Kp  Kpuo uotc tcs s pkrk pkr k bk lfbftk l fbftkomfk omfk  y Ucrdofsld y ^cvdbum ^cvdbumfýo. fýo.

;608 Cstkbbk co Ukrìs cb ldvflfcotd juvcofb mdodmfgd mdld Lkyd @rkomæs. Co Kracotfok uo arupd gc bks @ucrzks Krlkgks Ucrdofstks (@KU) `rkmksk co uo fotcotd gc aucrrfbbk rurkb: sdo gctcofgds co Wkmd ^kbd. K prfomfpfds gc kûd, Mddic sc trksbkgk k Ldotcvfgcd. Ucrd co  juofd gcnc rc rcarc arcskr skr k Nucods Kfr Kfrcs cs pdrquc bc gfkao gfkaodstfmko dstfmko uo mëomcr gc publýo. Lucrc cb ;6 gc scptfclnrc co cb Hdspftkb gc Mbìofmks.

;>5

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

NFNBFDA^K@FK

Gdmu mulco lcotds tds gc bbk k ^csfstcomfk Ucrdof Ucrdofstk, stk, ;633 ;633--  Nksmhcttf, ^dncrtd, Gd ;615,  Uuotdsur, ;688.

Nksmhcttf, ^dncrtd (mdlp.), Gdmulcotds (;615-;61=). Gc bk aucrrfbbk  pcrdofstk kb adnfcrod pdpu pdpubkr, bkr,  Bk Mklpkok, ;663. prcsfgcot cotc c quc od `uc `uc,,  Ubkoctk, ;661. Ndokssd, Lfaucb, Cb prcsfg Kracotfok k co bk  Numhrumicr, Mrfstfëo, Okmfdokbfsld y Ucrdofsld. Bk Kracotfo mrfsfs fgcdbýafmk luogfkb (;6>1-;633),  ]ugklcrfmkok, ;666.

Mk`fcrd Mk `fcrd,, Lcrm Lcrmcgcs cgcs/Mkr /Mkrknkb knkbbd, bd, Bfbfk Bfbfkok ok / Mh Mhkr krbfc bfcr, r, Odc Odclì/A lì/Akru krubbf, bbf, Bf Bfbfk bfko ok, Odlcdbvfg Odl cdbvfgcs. cs. Lc Lcld ld rfk gc bk ^csfstcom ^csfstcomfk fk Uc Ucrdofstk, rdofstk, ;633 ;633-;6 -;61>, 1>,  Nfnbds, >555. Mddic, Jdho Qfbbfkl, Ucrdofsl Ucrdofsld d y ^cvdbu ^cvdbumfýo, mfýo,  Ukpfrd, ;61;.

Jdho Q . Mddic

 

;> ;

 

pcrdofs dofsld ld y cb adbpc gc Cstk Cstkgd gd.. Fo`drlc Fo`drl c k  Mddic, Jdho Qfbbfkl, Cb pcr bks nkscs gcb Ldvflfcotd,  Cgfmfdocs Kmmfýo ^cvdbumfdokrfk Ucrd ofstk, ;600.  Kpuot uotcs cs pkrk bbk k lfbftkom lfbftkomfk, fk,  ]mhkpfrc, ;61=. Mddic, Mdd ic, Jdho Qfbbfkl,  Kp

Mddic, Jdho Qfbbfkl, Bk bumhk pdr bk bfncrkmfýo okmfdokb,  Arkofmk, ;61=. Mddic, Jdho Qfbbfkl, "Cb pcrdofsld y bk rcvdbumfýo munkok", rcpdr tkjc co Bk Hknkok, pkrk bk rcvfstk Mhc, O[>>, Nucods Kfrcs, 8 gc scptfclnrc gc ;60;. Mddic, Mdd ic, Jdho Qf Qfbbfkl bbfkl / Uc Ucrýo rýo,, Juko Gdlfoad, Mdrrcspdogcomfk Ucrýo-  Mddic, > tdlds, Arkofmk, ;61>. Mdoarcsd gc bk Okmfýo, Gfkrfd gc ]csfdocs gc bk Mëlkrk gc Gfpu tkgds, ;670-;63;, Flprcotk gcb Mdoarcsd gc bk Okmfýo. Mukgcrods gc Mrfsfs: Jdho Qfbbfkl Mddic, Cgfmfdocs gcb Odrdcstc,

;617. Gc ^fz, Bfbfkok, Hfstdrf Hfstdrfk k Kracotfok. Bk pdbìtfmk co suspcosd, Ukfgýs, >555. Mhc. c. So Sok k nfdark`ìk pdbìtfmk,  Akbkssd, Odrncrtd, Mddic: gc Ucrýo kb Mh Cgftdrfkb Oucvds Wfclpds, ;661.

Afbbcspfc, ^fmhkrg, ]dbgkgds gc Ucrýo. Bds Ldotdocrds, Arfjkbnd, ;681. Afbbcspfc, ^fmhkrg, Jdho Q.M Q.Mddi ddic. c. Cb pcrdofs pcr dofsld ld kbtcroktfv kbtcroktfvd, d, Mëotkrd, ;686.

;>>

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

Adgfd, Jubfd, Cb ldvflfcotd dnrcrd kracotfod (;633-;665),  Bcaksk, ;66;. pcrdofs dofsld ld rcvdbumfdokrfd, Mco Adbgkr, Crocstd, Jdho Q. Mddic y cb pcr

trd Cgftdr, ;683. Adrnktd, Pfvfkok, Pkogdr d Ucrýo, Wfclpd gc Fgcks, ;66>. lfbftk r cotrc dnrcrds y aucrrf aucrrfbbcrd bbcrds, s, Mdbfhuc, Aurumhkrrf, Cgukrgd, So lfbftkr

>55; .

Hkbpcrìo Gdoahf, Wubfd, Bk bkrak kadoìk gc bk Kracotfok pcrdofstk,   Krfcb, ;667. Hdrdwfmz, Kbcjkogrd, Bds muktrd pcrdofslds,  Bcaksk, ;683. Jklcs, Gkofcb, ^csfstcomfk c fotcarkmfýo,  ]ugklcrfmkok, ;688. Jkurctmhc, Crocstd, Od gcjæs quc tc bk mucotco,  Cgfmfdocs gcb Uco sklfcotd Okmfdokb, ;661. Lkzzcd, Lfaucb, Mddic, gc vucbtk (Cb arko gcsmkrtkgd gc bk hfstd rfk kracotfok), Bk rdsk nbfogkgk, ;666. Lurlfs, Lfaucb / Udrtkotfcrd, Juko Mkrbds, Cstugfds sdnrc bds drìac ocs gcb pcrdof pcrdofsld, sld, ]fabd XXF, ;681. Ukac, Jdscph, Ucrýo, uok nfdark`ìk,  Ldogkgdrf, ;666. Kracotfok otfok (;6 (;6>8>8-;67 ;673), 3),  Udtksh, ^dncrt, Cb cjærmftd y bk pdbìtfmk co Krac ]ugklcrfmkok, ;687.

Jd ho Q. Mddic

;>=

 

cmdoýlfmk, lfmk, pdbìtfmk y sdmfkb gc bk Kracotf Kracotfok ok  ^kpdpdrt, Lkrfd, Hfstdrfk cmdoý (;885->555),   Lkmmhf, >555.

^duqufæ, Kbkfo, Udgcr lfbftkr lfbf tkr y sdmfcg sdmfcgkg kg pdbìtfmk co bk Kracot Kracotfok fok ;6 ;67= 7=--  ;61=,  Clcmæ, ;68>.

]kbks, Crocstd, Bk ^csfstcomfk pcrdofstk: bk tdlk gcb @rfadrì`fmd Bfsko-  grd gc bk Wdrrc, Mcotrd Cgftdr, ;665. ]fgfmkrd, ^fmkrgd, Bds trcs pcrdofslds, ]fabd XXF, >55>.

;>7

Cb pcrdofsld rcvdbumfdokrfd

 

FOGFMC

Urýbdad pdr Jdsæ Uknbd @cfolkoo

6

Mkpìt Mk pìtub ubd d ;. Okmc cb Ucrdofsld

;1

Mkpìtubd >. Bk juvcotug gcb Ncnc 

>6

Mkpìtubd =. Sok fzqufcrgk pcrdofstk

7;

Mkpìtubd 7. Clnbclk gc bk rcsfstcomfk

3;

Mkpìtubd 3. Bks trcs `kscs gc su fgckrfd

03

Mkpìtubd 0. Bd quc pcosknk Mkpìtubd 1. Bd quc pcosknko gc æb

13 86

Mkpìtubd 8. ]dbftkrfd y `fokb

;5;

Mrdodbdaìk

;;3

Nfnbfdark`ìk

;>;

 

Flprcsd co ]dmfcgkg Flprcsdrk Klcrfmkok ].K., Bkvkrgæo ;31, Mkpftkb @cgcrkb, co kadstd gc >550. Gfstrfnuyc co Mkpftkb @cgcrkb y ANK: Pkmmkrd, ]ëomhcz y Mìk. ].K. Gfstrfnuyc co fotcrfdr y cxtcrfdr: G.F.].K.