Bridging: Transportation: Chapter 3: The Transportation Planning Process
November 23, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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BRIDGING: TRANSPORTATION CHAPTER 3: THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS
THREE SPHERES OF GOVERNMENTS (1)
Transport planning in South Africa occurs in all three spheres of government each of which has distinct roles and responsibilities in terms of prescribed policies and legislation
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THREE SPHERES OF GOVERNMENTS (2)
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THE PURPOSE OF THE TRANSPORT TRANSPORTA ATION PLANNING PROCESS
The problems and difficulties associated with moving moving about within the towns towns and and cities cities of of the industrialised world Although these problems are not new new,, they have taken on more dominating dimensions with the growth of urban populations and the rapid increase in motor vehicle ownership and usage usage The transport planning process has been developed in an attempt to alleviate these problems, attempt problems, while at the same time utilising the full range of transport modes available for movement Q: What is the purpose of the transportation planning process.
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AIM OF THIS PROCESS
Improving inefficiencies inefficiencies of current transport system: congestion,, accidents etc. congestion
Developing product proposals for capital investment and contraction of transport facilities
Creating an environment that is efficient, attractive and pleasant place to live and work
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THE BASIS OF THE TRANSPORT TRANSPORTA ATION PLANNING PROCESS (1) The urban transportation planning process is based on a range of assumptions and principles, the most basic of which are that: (i) travel patterns are tangible tangible,, stable stable and and predictable (ii)
movement
demands
are
directly
related
to
the
distribution, and intensity of land uses, distribution, uses, which are capable of being accurately determined for some future date
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THE BASIS OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS (2)
In additon o hese fundamenal assumptons, in he ligh of experience, i has been found necessary o assume ha: (i)decisive relatonships exis beween all modes of ranspor and ha he fuure role role of a partcular mode canno be deermined wihou giving consideraton o all oher modes; modes; (ii)he ransporaton sysem inuences he developmen of an area, area, as well as serving ha area;
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THE BASIS OF THE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS (3)
(i)areas of contnuous urbanisatons require a region-wide consideraton of he ransporaton siuaton; siuaton; (ii)he ransporaton sudy is an inegral par of he overall planning process, process, and canno canno adequaely adequaely be considered in isolaton;; isolaton (iii)The planning process is contnuous, contnuous, and requires consan updatng validatng and amendmen amendmen.. Q: The urban transportation planning process is based on a range of assumptions and principles. List the most basic of these assumptions and principles.
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PROBLEMS AND REALITIES EXPERIENCED IN SOUTH AFRICA (1)
Poor communites siuaed far from he main ranspor neworks and ha are dependen and expensive informal ranspor sysems dependen on insucien insucien and
Land near he main ranspor neworks is underutlised in many locatons. Land locatons. The planning of he ranspor sysem, which provides he linkages beween hese developmens, developmens, remains fragmened fragmened beween municipalites and governmen agencies
Due o under-invesmen during he pas number of decades, passenger rail under-invesmen during ranspor is ranspor is no playing is appropriae role in Souh Africa
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PROBLEMS AND REALITIES EXPERIENCED IN SOUTH AFRICA (2)
Problems, such as cable he and ageing rolling sock, sock, are also a problem
These service neworks, wih he excepton of he BRT sysems, are stll based on planning done by operaors in isolaton from one anoher o maximise heir marke share and income and no necessarily for he convenience of he commuer. This has le commuers commuers wih bus and axi services ha are unsafe services unsafe,, unreliable unreliable and oen inaccessible inaccessible.. The coss associaed wih hese services are also high and burdensome, partcularly for he poor
Q: What are the problems and realities experienced in South Africa with regard to transportation.
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VIABLE SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES (1) Intermediate
means of transport
There needs to be extensive planning that increases accessibility and provide and integrated transport system for people in rural areas. People in remote areas require less motorised form of transport, highlighting the importance of strengthening s trengthening non-motorised non-motorised transport such as bicycles
Apolitical
transport polices and regulation policy
The government has the challenges to create to enabling environment and to provide a clear c lear policy framework for the provision and operation of public transport. The main problem is the lack of effective policy implementation, main due to a lack of sustainable funding to achieve the ambitious policy objectives
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VIABLE SOLUTIONS TO CHALLENGES (2) Adequate
urban and rural planning
The appropriate land use planning policies that integrate residential and employment places will significantly solve some of the public transport challenges. Transport Transport infrastructure usually follows after development of an area has taken place, instead, developments needs to be along already existing transport infrastructure to reduce the need of huge capital investment required to build transport infrastructure.
Integrated
payment option
The government need to provide a universal form of payment for all modes of transport and only allow passengers to pay cash for emergencies.
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THE LINK BETWEEN PLANNING AND MACRO POLICIES
•Transport policy at national national,, provincial and local levels should be in harmony harmony with national goals and development policy. policy. Relevant national policies fall into two categories:
Those stated in a country’ country’s s constitution constitution,,
Transport mission and strategic objectives of a country’s national transport policy. policy.
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES (1) (1) Some imporan policies, which provide direc guidance o ranspor policy, are he following: (i) Ev Everyone eryone has he righ o freedom of movemen. movemen . (ii)Every citzen has he righ o choose rade, rade, occupaton occupaton or profession freely. freely. (iii)Everyone has he righ o a safe environmen ha is no harmful o his or her healh or well-being. (iv)The devoluton of powers o provincial legislaure o make laws for each province in respec of all maers ha fall wihin he relevan devolved functonal areas. There is also concurren natonal and provincial compeence and exclusive provincial compeence ha mus be considered
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IN RESPECT OF TRANSPORT TRANSPOR T, THIS CAN APPLY APPLY AS FOLLOWS: (A) Concurrent national and provincial legislative competence:
Airports other than international and national
Public transport
Regional planning and development
Road traffic regulation
Urban and rural development
Exclusive provincial legislative competence Provincial planning
Provincial roads and traffic
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IN RESPECT OF TRANSPORT TRANSPOR T, THIS CAN APPLY APPLY AS FOLLOWS: (B) Concurrent local government matters: Municipal airports
Municipal planning
Municipal public transport Ferries, jetties, piers and harbours, excluding the regulation of international and national shipping and matters related thereto.
Exclusive local government matter municipal roads Street lighting
Traffic and parking
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES (2) (2) (v)The devolution of powers and functions to local government is determined by the laws of the competent authority, i.e. either national or provincial legislation; (vi)The powers powers and duties of third-tier government in the form of metropolitan, services metropolitan, services and and local councils where competent, include: Metropolitan co-ordination, land usage and transport planning
Arterial metropolitan roads and storm-water drainage
Public transport services Traffic maters
Integrated development and financial plans;
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES POLICIES (3) (3) (vii) Local government bodies may set land development objectives relating to the planning of transportation taking into account location in relation to employment and transport facilities when considering the suitability of area of residential settlement (viii) Transport authorities should be mindful mindful of the constitutional principles pertaining to the allocation of powers between national and provincial governments
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES POLICIES (4) (4)
National and provincial governments must assign or delegate delegate to a municipality any municipality any matter, which necessarily relates to local government if it would be most effective administered locally and the municipality has the capacity to do so
The national executive should intervene where it is necessary to maintain maintain essential national standards, standards, or to meet established minimum standards.
Where the interests of the country as a whole require that a matter be dealt with uniformly across the nation, the national legislation provides that uniformity by establishing norms and standards, frameworks, or national policies
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL GOALS AND POLICIES (4)
National legislation is necessary for:
The maintenance of national security
The maintenance of economic unity
The protection of the common market in respect of the mobility of goods, services, capital and labour
The promotion of economic activities across provincial boundaries
The promotion of equal opportunity or equal access to government services The protection of the environment
Q: Identify the important goals and policies, which provide direct guidance to transport policy, policy,
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY, POLICY, GOALS AND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES (1)
The broad goal of transport should be the smooth smooth and and efficient interaction that allows society and the economy to assume their preferred form To play this role, policies policies in the transport sector must be outward looking, looking, shaped shaped by by the needs of society in general, of the users or customers of transport, and of the economy that transport has to support
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY, POLICY, GOALS AND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES (2)
Transport can also play a leadership role, Transport role, for example, in acting as a catalyst for development or in correcting acting spatial distortions distortions It follows from these that the priorities in providing and using the transport system should be consistent with those that have been set for the country as a whole, such as meeting basic needs, economic growth, developing human resources, an democratising the state and society
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY, POLICY, GOALS AND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES (3) • The vision for a transportation system is to provide safe, reliable, effective, efficient, and fully integrated transport operations and infrastructure that infrastructure that will best meet the needs of freight and passenger customers at improving levels of service and cost in a fashion that supports government’s strategies for economic development while being environmentally and sustainable
and social economically
• A key ingredient therefore to future success will be the sharing of this vision by all the key role players, vision players, backed by co-ordinated co-ordinated and integrated planning and decision making making
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY, POLICY, GOALS AND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES (4)
•This requires the formulation formulation of broad goals, and translating them into specific measurable objectives relating to particular modes of transport •Objectives Objectives need to be translated translated into a series of specific policy recommendations, recommendations, having a bearing on integrated transport planning
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NATIONAL TRANSPORT POLICY, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (4) • Figure 3.1 indicates the relationship relationship between transport policies and at different levels of government plans at plans government • National transport policy must also be governed by over-arching enabling legislation, legislation, which will specify national requirements to facilitate the implementation of transport policy at provincial and local levels • Among the requirements will be that provincial governments prepare a provincial transport framework containing a long-term vision for transport in the province, transport policy, and a description of the broad approach to be followed in achieving the vision and focus of transport planning
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NATIONAL NA TIONAL TRANSPORT TRANSPORT POLICY, POLICY, GOALS AND AND OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES (5)
• The framework also contain a description of the status of transport in should each province in terms of key performance indicators (KPIs) specified in the legislation • Provinces should be required to monitor the KPIs and to submit annual statistics to the national ministry of transport, defining progress in implementing transport policies and strategies • The statistics will highlight the status and trends evident through KPIs
Figure 3.1 The relationship between national transport policy and provincial and municipal planning HNATIONAL POLICY (WHITE PAPER)
KKPIs
NATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
PROVINCIAL TRANSPORT FRAMEWORK
Vision Policy Broad approach Planning focus Saus of ranspor provinces (KPIs)
in
NATIONAL GUIDELINES
PROVINCIAL REQUIREMENTS
PROVINCIAL GUIDELINES
MUNICIPAL ITP 1
MUNICIPAL ITP 2
MUNICIPAL ITP 3
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Q: Draw a diagram to illustrate the relationship between national transport policy and provincial and municipal planning.
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PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE INTEGRATED TRANSPORT PLANNING PROCESS The needs of society are constantly changing c hanging The following principles provide framework for transport planning that should be appropriate to any situation, whether provincial or municipal (local):
Planning as a continuous process. Balance between long-term and short-term planning.
Realistic handling of future uncertainties.
Balance between the elements of planning studies. Encouraging constructive public participation.
Integration of transport and land use planning.
Consideration of all modes.
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