Breve Historia de La Filosofía Medieval

 

Ir Irkvk kvk Gfstdrf` ek l` Ofldsdoá` Akefkv`l

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N`pátuld 0= Fctrdeunnfþc

 

L@ YKL@NFÞC KCUYK L@ OFLD^DOÁ@ V L@ YKLFHFÞC «@ vknks, lds `rhuakctds y aætdeds ek l` ofldsdoá` sk utflfz`r utflfz`rdc dc fcnlusd p`r` fctkct`r ekstrufr æst`, y kl lfirk kmkrnfnfd ekl  pkcs`afkctd sfkaprk sfkaprk kstuvd dist`nulfz`ed dist`nulfz`ed pdr `lhýc tfpd ek ndctr ndctrdl dl rklfhfdsd sdirk l`s `ntfvfe`eks gua`c`sº •

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U`ctd kl nrfstf`cfsad y kl ektkrafc`eds. Fsl`a pusfkrdc ` l` Ofldsdoá` ` skrvfnfdkcekkll` mue`ásad, tkdldhá`, dtdrhàcedlk dimktfvds Efsnusfdcks ndad l` c`tur`lkz` ekl auced, quæ ks kl ndcdnfafkctd, nuàlks sdc l`s `nnfdcks ekl skr gua`cd y kl ifkckst`r ek kstk, oukrdc odrm`e`s kc l` Ke`e Akef`.

 

Kc l` Ke`e Akef`, l` ofldsdoá` ndcstftuyþ uc fctkctd ek e`rlk fctklfhfiflfe`e ` > nukrpds ek prksuct`s vkre`eks= •

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Lds prfcnfpfds ek l` lþhfn` L` kxpkrfkcnf` (Fcnluykced lds e`tds rkn`i`eds pdr l` fctrdspknnfþc) L` rkvkl`nfþc (kl ndcmuctd kctrk l`s s`hr`e`s ndad l` Ifilf` d kl Ndràc, y l`s eknfsfdcks ek ksnrftur`s l`s `utdrfe`eks knlksfàstfn`s kc l` akefe` kc quk l`s ndcsfekr`sk pdrt`edr`s ek l` s`cnfþc k fcspfr`nfþc efvfc`s) Z^F KWF^UÁ@ NDCOLFNUD KCUYK L@^ O[KCUK^ EK NDCDNFAFKCUD V L@ NYKKCNF@,  CKNK^@YF@AKCUK G@IÁ@ P[K P[K YKC[CNF@Y @ L@ Y@]Þ Y@]ÞC C V L@ KWRKYFKCNF@ KC KC RYD EK L@  EDNUYFC@ YK_KL@E@ D, ^F KY@ RD^FILK, LLKH@Y @ [C@ NDCNFLF@NFÞC NDCNFLF@NFÞC KCUYK KLL@^. Q

 

 Kl aætded aàs ndaýc p`r` p`r` sdlunfdc`r lds prdilka`s prdilka`s edcek ndcolfntu`i`c l`s oukctks ek ndcdnfafkctd y l`s nrkkcnf`s nrkkcnf`s kr` kl ek l` fctkrprkt`nfþc kctrk kst`s trks oukctks iusn`ced uc kquflfirfd kctrk kll`s. •

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Lds `ndctknfafkctds quk sk @c`rr`c tfkckc adr`l `ekaàs ekl lftkr`l. vknkskcskl` Ifilf` `nkpt`i` qukucklsfhcfofn`ed sfhcfofn`ed`lkhþrfnd lftkr`l skd kctkcekcefkr` faplánftd kc kl lkchu`mk ofhur`ed (kc kstd cd sþld fcsfstá`c lds nrfstf`cds, sfcd t`aifæc lds mueáds gklkcfz`ctks). Lds drfhkcks y prdnksds ek l` C`tur`lkz` kxprks`eds pdr lds hrfkhds kctr`i`c kc ndcolfntd ndc lds tkxtds s`hr`eds. Rdr ld quk p`r` rksdlvkr kstd, sfaplkakctk sk `pkl`i` `l pukild `l quk l`s rkvkl`nfdcks rkvkl`nf dcks ek efngds tkxtds fi`c efrfhfe`s.

ZEK K^UK ADED K^ P[K R[EFKYDC K^U@ILKNKY [C KP[FLFIYFD KCUYK KL Y@NFDC@LF^AD HYFKHD V L@ YK_KL@NFÞC YKLFHFD^@, R[K^ EK K^U@ A@CKY@ A@CKY@ G@NÁ@C @ LD^ R[KILD^ @NKRU@Y [C@ C[K_@ OK Q

 

^`ctd Udaàs ekná` quk g`iá` trks a`ckr`s ek utflfz`r l` ofldsdoá` ekctrd ek l`s ^`hr`e`s Kcskð`cz`s= F. «(… «(…)) pu pukek kek sskrv krvfr fr p` p`r` r` eekads kadstr` tr`rr lds lds pr prkàai kàaiulds ulds ek l` ok, quk ssdc dc cknks`rfds kc l` nfkcnf` ek l` ok kc nu`ctd quk ndcstftuykc l`s nds`s  prdi`e`s rkspkntd ` Efds ndc `rhuakctds c`tur`lks, c`tur`lks, pdr kmkapld, quk Efds kxfstk (…)º FF. «(…) sskk pukek utflfz utflfz`r `r l` oflds ofldsdoá` doá` p`r` p`r` e`r ` ndcdn ndcdnkr kr akef`ctk akef`ctk nf nfkrt`s krt`s skakm`cz`s ld quk pkrtkcknk ` l` ok (…)º FFF. «(…) pukekquk sk skrvfr rvfr p`r p`r`` ddpdckrsk ld quk sk efnk kc ndctr` ndctr` ek l` ok, adstr`ced ks o`lsd quk cd ks` tded cknks`rfdº

Kc idknfd, Ek idknfd, Ek trfcft`tk, trfcft`tk, q. 9, `.> tr`e. @ctþc N. Rkhfs, ^dirk l` vkre`e ek l` ok n`tþlfn`, n`tþlfn`, ^uaa` ndctr` hkctflks, hkctflks,  Cukv` Vdrj Vdrj 06;;, F, 9;-9?.

 

Guid aàs dpfcfdcks ` o`vdr sdirk kl usd ek l` ofldsdoá` kc l` rklfhfþc= ^`c Mustfcd pdr su p`rtk ekná`=

«(…) ^`ikads quk Nrfstd ks kl prfadhæcftd ek Efds, y gkads kxpukstd `ctkrfdrakctk quk Æl ks l` r`zþc (_krid) ek l` quk tde` l` r`z` gua`c` p`rtfnfp` Z5Q y qufkcks vfvkc ek `nukred ndc l` r`zþc sdc nrfstf`cd, `ýc nu`ced sk lks ndcsfekrk `tkds. @sá @sá oukrdc ^þnr`tks y Gkrànlftd, kctrk lds hrfkhds, y dtrds ndad kllds (…)º

^`c Mustfcd, @pdldhá`, Mustfcd, @pdldhá`, F. xlvf. 0-5 (Ednuakcts do tgk Ngrfstf`c Ngurng, pàh. 7).

Nlkakctk ek @lkm`cerá` `pdrt`i`= «Rdr t`ctd, l` ofldsdoá` ouk cknks`rf` p`r` lds hrfkhds pdr rkntftue, g`st` l` vkcfe` ekl ^kðdr. V `gdr` sfrvk ` l` vkre`ekr` rklfhfþc ` a`ckr` ek `prkcefz`mk prkp`r`tdrfd p`r` qufkcks llkh`c ` l` ok pdr akefd ek l` ekadstr`nfþc. (…) l` ofldsdoá` kr` uc a`kstrd quk ndceuná` l` akctk hrfkh` ` Nrfstd, ek l` afsa` odra` quk l` Lky ndceuná` ` ld gkirkrds. Nlkakctk ek @lkm`cerá`, @lkm`cerá`, ^trda`tksfs, F, v. 97 (Ednuakcts do tgk Ngrfstf`c Ngurng, pàh. 02)

 

Uka`s, pkcs`edrks y tkxtds quk ektkrafc`rdc l` Lds ofldsdoá` pkcs`edrks akefkv`l quk efkrdc ektkrafc`nfþc ` l` ofldsdoá` akefkv`l oukrdc Rl`tþc, @rfstþtklks y lds ckdpl`tþcfnds, Rrdnld y Rldtfcd. •

Kl prfcnfp`l tkxtd ek Rl`tþc ouk kl Ufakd, edcek sk ndcsfekr`i` kl ndctfcud n`aifd ekl auced oásfnd, edcek l`s nds`s quk surhkc sdc `p`rkctks: sk vuklvk cknks`rfd quk `quklld quk ndir` kxfstkcnf` tkch` uc` n`us`, puks, ek ld ndctr`rfd, l`s nds`s cd pderá`c ndakcz`r ` kxfstfr. ^f kl auced quk kstà sumktd n`aifd cd sk lk pukek `sfhc`r uc` n`r`ntkrástfn`, kst` cdek sk pukekqukkxplfn`r kc sá ekafsa`: pdr l`sld nds`s t`ctd,oásfn`s sdc `prdxfa`nfdckspuks ` faàhkcks fek`lks, sdc pkrokntds, lds nu`lks suhfkrkc. Rdr ld quk, p`r` lds akefkv`lks, Rl`tþc suhfkrk uc «@rquftkntd efvfcdº quk efd odra` `l auced a`tkrf`l.

nþadskcsfilk, g`y uc`puks a`lfctkrprkt`nfþc ek`ctfhud l` p`lfchkcksf` dtdrh` l` efakcsfþc fctklfhfilk l` efakcsfþc Rl`tþc cf cfchýc ndcnfikc quk uc nrk`nfdcfsad. Kstd sk ZRdekads `diskrv`r ekik ` l` tr`stdquk ek tr`eunnfdcks fcndaplkt`s rk`lfz`e`s pdr N`lnfefd, muctd ndc fcolukcnf`s

 

@rfstþtklks `pkc`s kr` ndcdnfed, ouk g`st` kl sfhld WFF quk sk gfzd usd ek l`s tr`eunnfdcks ek su Ek su  Ek Fctkrprkt`tfdck,  Akt`oásfn` y Oásfn`: pdr p`rtk ek Idknfd y _fntdrfcd. Ouk g`st` Fctkrprkt`tfdck, Akt`oásfn` kl sfhld WFFF quk sk ldhr`rdc tr`eunnfdcks «s`tfso`ntdrf`sº. «s`tfso`ntdrf`sº. L` ndcnkpnfþc ek uc sycdldc ekl nukrpd oásfnd (Odra` y A`tkrf`): kstds ndapdckctks sk rkl`nfdc`c kctrk sá ndcodra`ced kl `ntd y l` pdtkcnf` ekl nukrpd. L` a`tkrf` pukek skr  pdtkcnf`e` ` `edpt`r odra`s y cucn` kxfstk sfc sfc l`s odra`s ek lds klkakctds klkakctds.. Ks pdsfilk quk l` a`tkrf` sk eks`rrdllk p`r` `equfrfr uc` cukv` odra`, sfkced n`us` ek kstd `lhd quk pdskk, kc •

`ntd, ks`sust`cnf` odra`. (sycdlþc) kstà ndapukst` ek n`us`s prfakr`s y ýltfa`s. V` sk akcnfdc`rdc Ude` l` odra`l y l` a`tkrf`l, quk e`c nukct` ekl dimktd kstàtfnd. L` kofnfkctk kxplfn` kl advfafkctd c`tur`l ekl sycdlþc y l` ofc`l ks g`nf` eþcek v` efrfhfed, quk ks ` su ndcst`ctk  pkroknnfdc`afkctdd skhýc l` oucnfþc quk nuaplk, l` nu`l rkofkrk ` su n`us` odra`l,  pkroknnfdc`afkct ektkrafc`e` kc p`rtk pdr su n`us` kofnfkctk. @rfstþtklks ektkrafc`, `l fhu`l quk Rl`tþc, quk ekik g`ikr uc` n`us` quk e` drfhkc `l advfafkctd ekl auced oásfnd, pkrd quk ksd afsad cd sk advfilk, puks cd pukek kst`r sumktd ` n`aifds: ekik skr ktkrcd, puks cd sk aukvk, pdr ld t`ctd, ks fcnrk`ed: t`aifæc ekik skr  pkrokntd, puks dksEfds. l` n`us` ekl advfafkctd quk sk kmkrnk kc kl auced skcsfilk. Kstk ks kl adtdr fcaþvfl

 

Lds nrkeds ek l`s efstfct`s rklfhfdcks Mueáds= Efds kxfstk, ks [cd, ks nrk`edr ekl ýcfnd auced. L` nrkkcnf` kc l`prdvfekcnf` ek Efds kc t`ctd quk kctkcefe` y `nkpt`e` ndceunk ` l` oklfnfe`e. U`aifæc nrká`c kc l` edntrfc` hkckr`l ek l` rkvkl`nfþc prdoætfn` ek l` vdluct`e Efvfc` ` fcefvfueds klkhfeds , l` lfikrt`e ekl gdairk ndad i`sk ek l` rkspdcs`iflfe`e, l` ktkrcfe`e ekl Udrà, l` edntrfc` ek l` fcadrt`lfe`e muctd ndc su rkndapkcs` d n`stfhd, l` rksurrknfþc y kl Aksá`s. Nrfstf`cds= Efds ks dacfpdtkctk y nrk`edr ekl ucfvkrsd: ks ucd y trks pkrsdc`s ndcsuist`cnf`lks (R`erk, Gfmd y Kspárftu ^`ctd): kl auced ks nrk`ed ek l` c`e`, pdr l` fcstruakct`lfe`e ekl Gfmd, ` qufkc sk ll`a` fcefstfct`akctk Ldhds: kl Gfmd kcn`rcþ kc Mksýs: l` s`lv`nfþc ks pdsfilk pdr l` Hr`nf` ek Efds: y lds nrkykctks sdc ifkc`vkctur`eds. Ausula`cks= Lds afsads `trfiutds ek Efds: nrkkcnf` kc lds àchklks: nrkkcnf` kc kl ýltfad prdokt` A`gda`: kl Ndràc ks kl ýltfad ek lds lfirds rkvkl`eds, prkefnfkced l` Udrà, kl Kv`chklfd y lds ^`lads. Nrkkcnf` kc l` fcadrt`lfe`e y kl mufnfd ofc`l.