Box Shifting Mechanism

Project Report On

BOX SHIFTING MECHANISM Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Mechanical Engineering

by DEBOJYOTI DAS CHOUDHURY (B110615ME) KARTIKEY VAID (B110932ME)

Department of Mechanical Engineering NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY CALICUT APRIL 2014

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this is the bonafide record of the works done on “BOX SHIFTING

MECHANISM”

by

DEBOJYOTI

DAS

CHOUDHURY

(B110615ME) and KARTIKEY VAID (B110932ME) in the various sections of Mechanical Engineering Workshop during the period of December – April 2014 for the fabrication of a model as a part of the practical class work.

Faculty in charge

NIT CALICUT DATE: 21.4.2014

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CONTENTS 1. Relevance 1.1 Advantages of conveyor system

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1.2 Conveyers used in industry

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1.3 Industries where conveyers are used

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Box Shifting Type Conveyor

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2.1 Advantages

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2.2 Applications

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2. Features

3. Design Aspects

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4. Material Selection

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5. Part Drawings

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6. Assembled Drawings

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7. Rough Estimate of the Cost

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8. Shortcomings and Remedies

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Conclusion

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Reference

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1. Relevance A conveyor system is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulky materials. Conveyor systems allow quick and efficient transportation for a wide variety of materials, which make them very popular in the material handling and packaging industries. Many kinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries. There are chain conveyors (floor and overhead) as well, chain conveyors consisting of enclosed tracks, I-Beam, towline, power & free, and hand pushed trolleys.

1.1. Advantages of Conveyer System Conveyor systems are used widespread across a range of industries due to the numerous benefits they provide – 

Conveyors are able to safely transport materials from one level to another, which when done by human labour would be strenuous and expensive.



They can be installed almost anywhere, and are much safer than using a forklift or other machine to move materials.

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They can move loads of all shapes, sizes and weights. Also, many have advanced safety features that help prevent accidents.



There are a variety of options available for running conveying systems, including the hydraulic, mechanical and fully automated systems, which are equipped to fit individual needs.

1.2. Typical Conveyor Systems used in industries Gravity roller conveyor, gravity skate wheel conveyor, belt conveyor, wire mesh conveyors, plastic belt conveyors, bucket conveyors, flexible conveyors, vertical conveyors, spiral conveyors, vibrating conveyors, pneumatic conveyors, belt driven live roller conveyors, line shaft roller conveyor, chain conveyor, screw conveyor,

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chain driven live roller conveyor, overhead conveyors, dust proof conveyors, pharmaceutical conveyors, automotive conveyors. 1.3. Industries where above conveyers are used Conveyor systems are commonly used in many industries, including the automotive, agricultural, computer, electronic, processing, aerospace, pharmaceutical, chemical, bottling and canning, print finishing and packaging. Although a wide variety of materials can be conveyed, some of the most common include food items such as beans and nuts, bottles and cans, automotive components, scrap metal, pills and powders, wood and furniture and grain and animal feed.

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2. Features Box Shifting Type Conveyor The conveyors used in industries are mostly of continuous motion type that is they transport the items without periodic stop unless there is some special mechanism or steeped motor is used. This project is basically a periodic motion machine which can shift boxes in step by step manner with some dwell and without the need of any stepped motor. 2.1. Advantages 

Easily controlled by hand.

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Occupy optimum space.

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All the parts are readily available in local markets.

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Mechanically timed mechanism. The period of dwell can be set by changing the rotation speed and crank size.

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Automatic feeding mechanism further reduces human effort.

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Boxes coming from any process can be conveyed in definite steps in an organized and systematic manner.

2.2. Applications 

Can be used in packaging industry where boxes after processing can be given input to the feeder and packaging can be done during the dwell period.



In a beverage industry filling of cans and bottles can be done during the dwell period.

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In an automobile manufacturing industry, many operations like welding, painting can be done on the body part without stopping the assembly line motion.

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3. Design Aspects Our project work is divided into two parts –

1. Preparing the carrier mechanism The carrier mechanism contains the base, support structure and gears to run the carrier and the feeder. First of all the shafts are turned on lathe for the two gears running the carrier. Then the crank gears and the gears to run the slotted link are made. On the base four wooden blocks are fixed which act as support. Then three blocks with holes are drilled and bearings are fit to support the shaft. Cranks are fitted on the shaft by tight fitting by bolts. The shafts for slotted link are fitted on the gears. 2. Preparing the feeder mechanism The feeder mechanism has a link of zigzag shape which is attached to the slotted link. The metal sheet with a slot is fixed to the structure. Guides are welded on the slotted sheet for the carrier and the feeder link. The carrier is attached to the cranks. Finally the handle is attached to the mechanism.

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4. Material Selection MATERIALS

DIMENSIONS /QUANTITY USED

MS rod

ϕ 16 mm, length 170 mm -4 NO.; ϕ 6 mm, length 100mm - 3 NO.; ϕ 10 mm, length 70mm - 1 NO.; ϕ 60 mm, length 15 mm - 4 NO.

Flats

80 X 25 mm -1 NO; 25 X 25 mm - 1 NO, 150 X 25 mm – 1 NO.

Plywood Sheet

530 X 300 mm -2 NO.

Wooden Blocks

300 X 50 X 32 mm - 4 NO.; 200 X 45 X 25 mm -1 NO.; 250 X 45 X 25 mm - 1 NO.

Bolts and nuts

1/4" inch - 2 NO.

Nails

20 NO.

Ball Bearings

ϕ 16 mm - 2 NO.

Bevel Gears

ϕ 16 mm - 2 NO.

Table 1.1 Materials and quantity used.

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5. Part Drawings (a) Base

(i)

Front View

(ii)

Side View

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(b) Bearing Block

Front View

Side View

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(c) Bearing to slot

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(d) Handle

Top View

Front View

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(e) Transporter Link

(f) Slot

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(g) Shaft

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6. Assembled Drawings

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7. Rough Estimation of Cost Machine Operation No. of working hours Lathe 10 Milling 5 Welding 3 welding rods Cutting and Filing 2 Drilling 2 Miscellaneous 2 TOTAL COSTS

Approximate Cost 80 60 15 16 20 20 211/-

Costs of Materials Material Plywood Sheet Wooden blocks Nails Bevel Gears Ball Bearings Nuts and Bolts Total Costs

Costs 200 100 30 70 30 5 435

Costs of finishing Material/Operation Sand paper Paint Paint brush Total Costs

Cost 20 40 30 90

Total Cost of the model = Rs 736

8. Shortcomings and Remedies One of the major concerns for proper functioning of the model is the balancing of shafts. Presence of heavy load on one end of the shaft, say gears or bearings, causes unbalancing of the shaft which further causes eccentric rotation of the shaft, accompanied with improper meshing of the gears.

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This drawback can be overcome by using counter-weights for proper balancing of the shafts. The use of a metal frame instead of a wooden frame would also help in preventing shafts from rotating eccentrically. The gears should be properly welded onto the shaft, ensuring that there is no imbalance created by improper alignment of the gear on the shaft.

CONCLUSION The project was completed within the allotted time period of ten days and was almost similar to the designed model. The mechanism is working smoothly except some small jerks at two points due to problems in meshing of bevel gears and spur gears at the end of the shaft, accompanied with restricted movement of slotted links at extreme

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positions. The model can be used as a prototype if to be manufactured on a bigger scale.

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REFERENCE

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en.wikipedia.org

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John J. Uicker, JR. ,Gordon R. Pennock, Joseph E. Shigley, “Theory of Machines And Mechanisms”, Third Edition, 2009

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

S.S. Ratan, “Theory of Machines”, Third Edition ,2009

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