Bonus Questions (1)

1.

The most important part of casing hanger is…

Slip and seal ring

2.

How to get the value of reservoir pressure?



DST (Drill stem test)



RFT (repeat Formation Test)



Well Test (Pressure Build-up and Drawdown Test)

3.

What is the use of rotary slip?

An assembly to open the joint

4.

What are the rheology characteristics?

Plastic Viscosity, Yield Point, Gel Strength

5.

What is the function of work over?

Operations to make conditions of well production to be normal back or stable

6.

What are the caused of SP readings?

SP readings are caused by the differences in salinities between mud filtrate and formation waters in permeable beds

7.

What is the correlation between salinity of a fluid and resistivity?

Salinity of a fluid is inversely proportional to its resistivity.

8.

What kind of tool that MWD’s method use?

MWD method measures formation properties using special drill collar housing measuring device at the time formation being drilled

9.

What is the function of pigging?

Cleaning the pipe from paraffin

10.Thin

laminated beds can be occurred when…

The thickness of every lithology layers is less than the vertical resolution

11.A

radioactivity log, which also known as a radiation log or a nuclear log, normally consists of two recorded curves, which are…

Gamma ray curve and neutron curve

12.What

is datum pressure?

Datum Pressure is the bottom hole pressure corrected to a specific sea or subsea levels

13.What

is the abbreviation of IADC?

International Association Drilling Contractors

14.What

is WHA stands for?

Well Head Assembly

15.What

is the meaning of continuous

flow? An interrupted flow of the well fluid resulting from aeration and expansive action of input gas

16.A

well with neither damage nor stimulation has a flow efficiency value that equals…

1 (One)

17.A

type of LWD, where the tools are encompassed in a single module in the steering tool of the drill string, at the end of the drilling apparatus (or the bottom hole assembly) is…

Measurements While Drilling (MWD)

18.What

is the function of Wall Scratcher?

To clean up the mud cake that stuck in the borehole

19.A

type of log that is used in well that do not use mud or water, but oil-based drilling fluids or air is…

Induction Log

20.Modern

resistivity logging tools falls into two categories, which are…

Laterolog and Induction

21.What

is velocity string?

Velocity string is a small-diameter tubing string that runs inside the production tubing of a well as a remedial treatment to resolve liquidloading problems.

22.Centrifugal

pump can be used for…

Super charging pump, mixing pump, water cooling pump, and fluid mover for degasser, desander, desilter

23.What

is the main function of hoisting system?

To hold the drilling and production equipment during drilling process or maintenance at the surface

24.Where

is crown block located?

At the top of the rig

25.A

logging tool that measures resistivity (Rt) and best suited tool for boreholes which contain salt water based mud is…

Deep Laterolog

26.When

Rmf = Rw, it indicates that the porosity is…

0 (Zero)

27.Field

calibration could be done by using…

Magnesium and Aluminum

28.A

tool which is best suited for borehole that contain salt water based mud is…

Deep Laterolog

29.Mention

3 size of drill pipe that usually used in oil field

2 3/8”, 2 7/8”, 3 ½”, 4”, 4 ½”, 5”, 5 ½”, 6 5/8”

30.How

has? 5

many liner that Quintuplex pump

31.What

is micro annulus?

Micro annulus is the space between the outside of coiled tubing and the inside of conventional tubing.

32.What

are methods that used to calculate water saturation?

Simandoux, Waxman-Smith, and Ferti

33.On

what condition the pressure reached the critical state?

When the downstream pressure is equal to the half of upstream pressure.

34.Mention

4 (four) methods of artificial

lift.. ESP, Beam Pumping, Gas Lift, and Hydraulic Pumping Unit

35.What

is the meaning of intermittent

flow? Head or slug type flow, which is accomplished primarily by displacement of fluid by intermittent injection of lift gas

36.Acid

movement in the porous media depends on…

Acid concentration, mineral type of rock, and layer temperature

37.Mention

3 (three) functions of wellhead…

To hold conductor / surface casing, to hang intermediate casing, and to place the BOP Stack

38.Which

oil? Light oil

is older the heavy oil or the light

39.Mention

2 (two) types of X–mas tree…

Single arm and double arm

40.What

is the national oil company of mexico?

Pemex (Petroleos Mexicanos)

41.Production

packer for gas lift is used

for… For separating gas injection with productive zone

42.What

is subsurface safety valve?

A safety device installed in the upper wellbore to provide emergency closure of the producing conduits in the event of an emergency

43.To

drain the fluid to the surface, the value of hydrostatic pressure must be. ….than the reservoir pressure. (Complete the sentence!)

Less than

44.SP

log, Gamma Ray log, and Microlog are types of wireline logging that used to identify…

Formation thickness

45.Why

doesn’t Electric Submersible Pump use packer?

So that the gas can enter the valve

46.A

tool that is used to measure resistivity by sending electric current directly to the formation is…

Laterolog

47.What

is the name of the tool used to control the well pressure?

Back Pressure Manifold

48.The

name of the tool used to know the position and condition of the fish in the wellbore

Impression Block

49.What

is the abbreviation of ECD?

Equivalent Circulating Density

50.A

tool that is used to prove the existence of hydrocarbon in the formation on reservoir capacity and its ability to produce fluid is…



Drilling Steam Test (DST)

51.What

will happen to the well flowing pressure if gas is injected to the well?



The well flowing pressure will be decreased

52.What

type of Electric Submersible Pump protector that is not allowed the formation water to enter the well?



Positive seal

53.The

most common solid added to muds to increase density is…



Barite

54.What

is the name of thermodynamic process in which the temperature is constant?



Isothermal process

55. Give

a scientific term: They are estimated volumes of crude oil, condensate, natural gas, natural gas liquids, and associated substances anticipated to be commercially recoverable from known accumulations from a given date forward, under existing economic conditions, by established operating practices, and under current government regulations. Its estimations based on geologic and/or engineering data available at the time of estimate.



Reserves

56.A

part of petroleum science that provides the technical basis for the recovery of petroleum fluids from subsurface sedimentary-rock reservoirs is…



Reservoir engineering

57.What 

is OWC (oil water contact)?

A surface separating the oil zone from the underlying water zone. Below the OWC, oil is generally absent

58.It

may be defined as the pressure difference across a curved interface between two immiscible fluids. What is it?



Capillary pressure

59.Mention

5 (five) function of mud…



To move up cutting,



cover the wellbore wall,



keep the formation pressure,



logging media,



keep the drill string,



corrosion prevention

60.At

which temperature point does steam begin to be cloudy and changed to be liquid phase?



Dew point

61.The

ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance is called...



Specific gravity

62.There

are 3 kinds of well stimulation, which are?



Acidizing,



explosive fracturing,



hydraulic fracturing

63.What 

is CBM stand for?

Coal bed methane

64.Conventional

, air balance, mark II unitorque and beam balance are types of...



Beam pumping unit

65.High-pressure

separator units handle pressure of within range…



975 – 1500 psi

66.Clay 

swelling can be caused by…

Ion exchange or changes in salinity

67.What 

is the function of pump intake?

Separating oil and gas

68.In

fishing job, when a fish is difficult to grip, what kind of pipe that we use?



Wash over Pipe or Wash pipe

69.A

common type of acid employed on wells to stimulate production, which are useful in removing carbonate reservoirs, or limestone and dolomites, from the rock is…



Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

70.Law,

which applied in calculating and predicting flow rates from the reservoir into the wellbore, is…



Darcy’s Equation

71.What

are the 2 (two) most common petroleum reservoir rocks?



Sandstones and carbonates (limestone and dolomite)

72.A

type of log that shows the permeability of the rocks in the well by calculating the electrical currents generated between the drilling fluids and formation water held in the pore spaces is...



Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

73.What 

is the function of barite?

To increase the weight

74.What 

is the used of packer fluid?

Packer fluid is used to reduce the pressure differential between annulus and pipes or between zones, which is limited by packer

75.Mention

4 type of coupling thread for casing released by API…



Round thread casing,



buttress thread casing,



extreme line casing,



vam casing

76.Mention

3 cementing program equipment used for 2 stage cementing?



Dual stage casing collar, metal petal basket, external casing packer

77.Crown 

–O- matic break is used for...

Preventing travelling block hit the crown block in round trip job

78.What

is the different between igneous rock and metamorphic rocks?



Igneous rocks have crystallized from a hot, molten liquid (they are formed when a molten melt is cooled, there is two types of igneous rocks, which are plutonic and volcanic). While metamorphic rocks have been recrystallized from other rocks under high temperatures and pressures (they are any rocks that have been altered by high heat and pressure)

79.What 

is the function of bottom plug?

To separated cement with cement slurry

80.Mention

3 (three) types of rocks, which can make up the earth’s crust?



Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.

81 

This artificial system uses a helical screw rotar to formed a travelling sealed cavity (Progressive Cavity Pump)



82

An uncontrolled discharge of formation fluid out of the wellbore (Blowout)



83

This is the act of pulling the drill string out of hole or putting it in the hole. (Tripping)



84 Identify the type of well that is equipped with pressure monitoring systems to determine the extent of propogation of the pressure transient from the producing wells into the reservoir (Observation Well)



85

Which continent is currently the worlds largest petroleum consumer? (Asia)



86

The US imports about 9 billion barrels of crude oil a year. Which country is leading supplier to the US? (Canada)



87 What is welded to the first string of casing in the well and attaches the bop stack to the well? (Casing Heading



88

7.

How many times per year is SPE magazine The Way Ahead published? (3)



89

7.

What is the API gravity of the benchmark crude West Texas Intermediate (39.6)



90 7.

Containing 4% of world oil reserves and name this country covering 1/8 of the world inhabitable land area. (Russia)



91 7.

Name four mechanisms that cause a reservoir to produce in it's initial phase. ("Gas Cap Drive, Solution Gas Drive, Gravity Drive, Water Drive “)



92 7.

The measure of heat energy to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit is known as what? (BTU)



93 13. With untapped easy oil and proven oil reserves of 115 Billion bbl this country may become a top producer and exporter alongside Saudi Arabia. (Iraq)



94 13. "If an operator signs to pay an exact cost to a contractor, regardless of any possible new expenses, the transaction is known as what?“ (Turn Key)



95

13. According to the standard geologic time scale, what epoch are we currently in?“ (Halocene)



96 13. Name the term that is used to describe the gas accumulated on the surface of a material, such as the grain of a reservoir rock, or more particularly the organic particles in a shale reservoir.“ (Adsorbed Gas)



97 13. The chloride concentration in drilling fluids can be determined by titrating with what chemical solution? (Silver Nitrate Solution)



98 13. What are the units for the non-Darcy flow coefficient Beta that is used in Forcheimer's equation? (1/length)

19.

What is the name for a cut off in time that has the effect of eliminating some kinds of noise from seismic data? (Tail mute)



100.Name the man who in 1940 drilled the first directional well? (Robert Richardson

101.Name the special tool used by the rig crew to prevent the drill bit from turning. (Bit Breaker)

102. Hydrates are icelike structures made of what? (Gas and water)



103

"Refining of crude oil was initially focused on forming this substance, used primarily in lamps.“ (Kerosene)



104 19. Name the second largest exporter of LNG. (Malaysia)



105 19. During this process natural gas is condensed and cooled while harmful components such as dust, acid gas, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons are removed.“ (Liquefaction)

106. This device is used to measure the viscosity of a fluid. (Viscometer)

107 "In drilling, this is the term used to describe the height of a fluid column.“ (Hydrostatic Head)

108. This type of system is used to steer the drill bit while the pipe is rotating. (Rotary Steerable System)

109. This procedure enhances production removing near well formation damage and increasing the effective well radius. (acidizing)

110. In drilling fluids, this device is used to separate components of a used drilling fluid to estimate the amount of fluid invasion from a reservoir.“ (Retort)



111.A porosity-resistivity crossplot is a convenient method for deriving formation water resistivity. Name one of the two commonly used crossplots.



1)



Hingle Plot

2) Pickett Plot.



112.Name 2 principles through which heat can be transferred.



1) Conduction



2) Convection



3) Radiation



113.A fluid flow process in which the saturation of the wetting phase increases and the non wetting phase saturation decrease is defined?



Answer: Imbibition



114.Generally refers to any well that does not produce oil or gas in commercial quantities



Answer: dry hole



115.Geological term denoting a break in the subsurface strata.



Answer: fault



116.Common term for wellbore.



Answer: hole



7.



Answer: monkey board



8.



Answer: plug and abandon



9.



Answer: Slim Hole Drilling



10. A centralizer installed in the drill string to center the string in the hole and to stiffen the string to resist bending and deviation.



Answer: STABILIZER



11. Drill pipe, casing, or tubing that cannot be worked in or out of the hole as desired. Answer: STUCK PIPE



12. Method of drilling in which the drill pipe is rotated to rotate a bit.



Answer: ROTARY DRILLING



13. Subsurface geological feature capable of acting as a reservoir for oil and/or gas.



Platform on which the derrick hand works during the time the crew is making a trip

Act of placing cement plugs in a hole to prevent unwanted vertical migration in an abandoned well.

Drilling in which the hole size is smaller than the conventional hole diameter, enabling the operator to run smaller casing, thereby decreasing the cost of completion

Answer: STRUCTURE



14. Any geological structure which precludes the migration of oil and gas through subsurface rocks, causing the hydrocarbons to accumulate into pools.



Answer: TRAP



15. Recording information about subsurface geologic formations; methods include records kept by the driller, mud and cutting analysis, core analysis, drill stem tests, electric and radioactivity procedures.



Answer: WELL LOGGING



16. Organic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbon whose densities, boiling points, and freezing points increase as their molecular weights increase. The molecular structure of the most common petroleum hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest - methane, a constituent of natural gas - to the very heavy and complex. Answer: HYDROCARBONS



17. Free gas, separate from, but overlying an oil zone that occurs within the same producing formation as oil. Since gas is lighter, it occupies the upper part of the reservoir.



Answer: GAS CAP



18. Clamp which grips a stand or column of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods so that it can be raised or lowered into the hole.



Answer: ELEVATOR



19. Exploratory well which discovers a new oil/gas field (see WILDCAT).



Answer: DISCOVERY WELL



20. Mixture of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulfur compounds and is recovered or recoverable form an underground reservoir. It is gaseous in its virgin state but is liquid under the conditions at which its volume is measured.



Answer: CONDENSATE



21. Cylindrical sample taken from a formation for the purpose of examination or analysis. Answer: CORE



22. When production is stopped from a well that is depleted and no longer capable of producing profitably. A wildcat well may also be abandoned after it has been determined that it will not produce.



Answer: ABANDON



23. Uncontrolled flow of gas, oil, or other well fluids from a well during drilling due to formation pressure exceeding the pressure exerted by the column of drilling mud. Answer: BLOWOUT



24. Arched stratified rock structure with layers dipping downward in opposite directions from the crest.



Answer: ANTICLINE



25. Impermeable rock overlying an oil or gas reservoir that tends to prevent migration of the reservoir fluids from the reservoir.



Answer: CAP ROCK



26. Cycling of the drilling



117.Platform on which the derrick hand works during the time the crew is making a trip



Answer: monkey board



118.Act of placing cement plugs in a hole to prevent unwanted vertical migration in an abandoned well.



Answer: plug and abandon



119.Drilling in which the hole size is smaller than the conventional hole diameter, enabling the operator to run smaller casing, thereby decreasing the cost of completion



Answer: Slim Hole Drilling



120.A centralizer installed in the drill string to center the string in the hole and to stiffen the string to resist bending and deviation.



Answer: STABILIZER



121.Drill pipe, casing, or tubing that cannot be worked in or out of the hole as desired. Answer: STUCK PIPE



122.Method of drilling in which the drill pipe is rotated to rotate a bit.



Answer: ROTARY DRILLING





123.Subsurface geological feature capable of acting as a reservoir for oil and/or gas. Answer: STRUCTURE



124.Any geological structure which precludes the migration of oil and gas through subsurface rocks, causing the hydrocarbons to accumulate into pools.



Answer: TRAP



125.Recording information about subsurface geologic formations; methods include records kept by the driller, mud and cutting analysis, core analysis, drill stem tests, electric and radioactivity procedures.



Answer: WELL LOGGING



126.Organic chemical compounds of hydrogen and carbon whose densities, boiling points, and freezing points increase as their molecular weights increase. The molecular structure of the most common petroleum hydrocarbon compounds varies from the simplest - methane, a constituent of natural gas - to the very heavy and complex. Answer: HYDROCARBONS



127.Free gas, separate from, but overlying an oil zone that occurs within the same producing formation as oil. Since gas is lighter, it occupies the upper part of the reservoir.



Answer: GAS CAP



128.Clamp which grips a stand or column of casing, tubing, drill pipe, or sucker rods so that it can be raised or lowered into the hole.



Answer: ELEVATOR



129.Exploratory well which discovers a new oil/gas field (see WILDCAT).



Answer: DISCOVERY WELL



130.Mixture of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbons that may be contaminated with sulfur compounds and is recovered or recoverable form an underground reservoir. It is gaseous in its virgin state but is liquid under the conditions at which its volume is measured.



Answer: CONDENSATE