Bombas de Lodos

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BOMBAS DE SLURRY – GOULDS PUMPS Curso Básico de Bombas de Lodos Junio, 2012. Por Luis Lopez LIMA SALES OFFICE ITT GOULDS PUMPS

Objetivo  Crear un lenguaje comun Proveedor – Usuario.  Afirmar y/o clarificar conocimientos basicos de hidraúlica/bombas de lodos en su selección / aplicación / necesidades de equipos de bombeo / instalacion / mantenimiento / operacion / mejora-optimizacion y garantia  Generar la identificacion de contactos/comunicacion Proveedor – Usuario.

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Reglas  Celulares en modo vibración.

 Alta concentración.

 Preguntas en cualquier momento.

 Respeto a sus compañeros.

 Identificar rutas / zonas de seguridad. BOMBAS DE LODOS

De que hablaremos? 1. Introducción. 2. Conceptos básicos. 3. Cálculos básicos en Lodos. 4. Teoria de Funcionamiento. 5. Tipos de Bombas Goulds. 6. Desgaste en Bombas de Lodos. 7. Servicios Tipicos. 8. Materiales. 9. Criterios de Seleccion. Ejemplo. BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Introducción

Quienes somos?

ITT Goulds Pumps – Lima Sales Office Luis Carrasco

– Encargado de Oficina y Ventas Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia. Ghayle Mendoza – Encargado Logística, Ordenes. Fernando Meneses – Encargado Servicios Mejora Sistemas PPS LAR. Marcial Elías – Encargado Proyectos Perú, Ecuador, Bolivia. Gustavo Navarro – Encargado ProSmart, PumpSmart. Oscar Campos - Encargado Cuentas Ecuador. Edson Munoz - Encargado Cuenta Perú Sur, Bolivia. Luis López - Encargado Cuentas Perú Norte y Centro (Oil & Gas, Minería Norte y Centro, Industria). Rodrigo Flores - Encargado Propuestas de Perú. Willman Cortez - Encargado de Propuestas Perú Sur, Bolivia. Katerina Stumpfle - Estado de Ordenes, Ack. de Ordenes, facturas. Representantes - Perú Minería (Intech), Ecuador (La Llave Ecu) Bolivia (La Llave Bol, ETI). T:511-4756910, Fax 511-4757010. Av. Canaval y Moreyra 654, Piso 6, San Isidro, Lima, Perú. www.gouldspumps.com BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Introducción Por que son importantes las bombas centrífugas? 1. Representan el 45% de equipos usados en transporte de líquidos en “Procesos Continuos” en Plantas Industriales – PROCESO PRINCIPALES. Representan el 55% de equipos usados en transporte de líquidos en “Sistemas Auxiliares” en Plantas Industriales – PROCESO SECUNDARIOS. 2. Son la solución de transporte de fluidos más: Sencilla y Económica. 3. Representan el 20% del Consumo de energia elec. mundial. BOMBAS DE LODOS

LAS MAS USADAS, SENCILLAS Y ECONÓMICAS

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Introducción Por que son importantes las bombas centrífugas?

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Industrias que usan Bombas Centrifugas Markets Oil & Gas

General Industrial

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Power

Mining

Chemical

Pulp & Paper

ITT IP Global Presence

August 2007

ITT Goulds Pumps México. ITT Goulds Pumps Colombia. ITT Goulds Pumps Venezuela. ITT Goulds Pumps Perú. ITT Goulds Pumps Chile. ITT Goulds Pumps Brasil. ITT Goulds Pumps Argentina.

HIDRAULICA BASICA

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ITT Goulds Pumps Industrial Vertical Turbine & Propeller Pumps Applications: •High Volume Water Services for Cooling Towers, Power, Geothermal, General Industry , Municipal, API, Petroleum Refinery. Heavy Duty Process Pumps Applications: •Process Pumps In Hazardous Locations. Global API Standard.

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Goulds Standard Process Pumps ( ANSI & ISO Std.) Applications: •Medium & Heavy Duty End Suction Processes For Chemical, Paper & Mining, Water, Petrochemical, Hydrocarbon transfer. Water Services.

Product Overview Performance Solutions • PumpSmart® • ProSmart® • ProActivity

Chemical and Pulp & Paper Process • ANSI • ISO • MagDrive • Paper Stock

Slurry Process • Hard Metal • Rubber Lined General Service • Double Suction • Vertical Turbine • Sump

API Process • Overhung • Between Bearings • Multi-Stage Industrial Valves • Knife Gate • Diaphragm • Lined

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Monitoring and Control PumpSmart

Improving Plant Profitability

Integrated Pump Control, Protection, and Right-Sizing

Increased

UPTIME

Of your Process Decreased

MAINTENANCE

ProSmart Wireless Predictive Maintenance System

Activities

Decreased

ENERGY Costs

Performance Services Pump System Optimization Services

Goulds Pumps (Video)

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Desarrollo de la Primera Bomba de Lodos RL – Allis Chalmer 1921 Allis Chalmer pumps, tractor, crusher, mills manufacturer.

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Conceptos Básicos 2.1

Propiedades de los fluidos.

2.2

Viscosidad , Medicion de la Viscosidad.

2.3

Analisis Granulometrico

2.4

Tipos de flujo bifasico en tuberia.

2.5

Tip Speed y Desgaste BOMBA DE LODOS

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DO I NEED A SLURRY PUMP?

 Just because the service is labeled slurry doesn’t always mean you need a slurry pump.  Light slurries up to 5% solids or a 1.02 specific gravity may be pumpable with a process pump.  Very important if higher metallurgy is required.  Light slurries with sand may require a slurry pump.  RPM as lower as possible.  Is slurry application has froth factor?

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Conceptos básicos Propiedades de Fluidos  Gravedad Específica, Densidad (Kg / m3) – Densidad Agua 1000 Kg/m3.  Viscosidad. Aumenta, con el aumento de % solidos, al haber mayor presencia de arcilla.  PH: Neutro = 7 , Acido < 7, Básico > 7.  Temperatura. Regla Práctica, cada incremento de 20F aceleran al doble al ratio de corrosion.  Contenido de Solidos: % En peso / Tamaño / Forma: Angular recomendable uso de Impeler de Metal.  Componentes Corrosivos Agresivos. (Acidos, Sales, etc)  Factor de Espuma.

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Fundamentos Densidad y Gravedad Especifica 1m

1 m3 En el Agua, 1m3 pesa 1000 Kg. y tiene una Gravedad Especifica GE de 1 En slurries, si 1m3 pesa 1200 Kg. y tiene una Gravedad Especifica GE de 1,20 BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Ns Definition

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Ns Impeller Type

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% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl

Sm

1.00

Cw% 30 Ss

2.70

Sm

1.23

Cv

13.6%

Ss

Cw%

Fundamentos de Slurries

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 30 Ss 2.70

Sm =

2.7 / ( 2.7+.3*(1-2.7))

Sm =

2.7 / ( 2.7+.3*(-1.7))

Sm =

2.7 / 2.19

Sm =

1.2328

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 30 Ss 2.70

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.3*(1/2.7 - 1))

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.3*(-0.629629))

Sm =

1 / 0.811111

Sm =

1.2328

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 40 Ss 2.70

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.4*(1/2.7 - 1))

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.4*(-0.629629))

Sm =

1 / 0.748148

Sm =

1.3366

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 50 Ss 2.70

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.5*(1/2.7 - 1))

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.5*(-0.629629))

Sm =

1 / 0.685185

Sm =

1.4595

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 60 Ss 2.70

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.6*(1/2.7 - 1))

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.6*(-0.629629))

Sm =

1 / 0.622222

Sm =

1.6071

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en peso, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl 1.00 Cw% 70 Ss 2.70

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.7*(1/2.7 - 1))

Sm =

1 / ( 1+.7*(-0.629629))

Sm =

1 / 0.559259

Sm =

1.7881

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en volumen, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 30 2.70 1.2328

Cv =

30 * ( 1.2328 ) / (2.7)

Cv =

30 * ( 0.45659259 )

Cv = 13.698

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en volumen, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 40 2.70 1.3366

Cv =

40 * ( 1.3366 ) / (2.7)

Cv =

40 * ( 0.495037 )

Cv = 19.801

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en volumen, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 50 2.70 1.4595

Cv =

50 * ( 1.4595 ) / (2.7)

Cv =

50 * ( 0.540555 )

Cv = 27.028

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en volumen, base acuosa

% Solidos vs Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 70 2.70 1.7881

Cv =

70 * ( 1.7881 ) / (2.7)

Cv =

70 * ( 0.662259 )

Cv = 46.358

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en volumen, base acuosa

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos en base acuosa

Sm

Cw

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos

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Fundamentos Concentración de Solidos

Cw

Cv

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Concentración de Solidos % en Peso, % en Volumen

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Fundamentos Sm Gravedad Especifica del Lodo (Video)

Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 74 3.4 2.09

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Fundamentos Caudal de Slurry

% Solidos vs Dry solids 2000 tons per day Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 30 2.70 1.2328

Qm = 4.4 * 2000 / (0.3 * 1.2328 * 24) Qm = 991.42 GPM

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Fundamentos Caudal de Slurry

% Solidos vs Dry solids 2000 tons per day Gravedad Especifica Sl Cw% Ss Sm

1.00 60 2.70 1.6071

Qm = 4.4 * 2000 / (0.6 * 1.6071 * 24) Qm = 380.26 GPM

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Fundamentos Presión y TDH de Slurry

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Reynold for Slurry Fluids

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Viscosidad Aparente

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Viscosidad Aparente

Volumen m3 Liquido Cubo 1m3 Esfera m3 Solido ߨ (4/3) r3 0.53 Cv 53% 47

Viscosidad Aparente (Video)

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Viscous tailing Slurry (100% fines < 75 um)

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Viscosidad

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Brookfield Viscosímetro – Low Shear

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Hércules Viscosímetro – High Shear

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Hércules Viscosímetro – High Shear

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Viscosímetros Rotacionales

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Viscosímetros Rotacionales

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Viscosímetros Rotacionales

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Curvas de Fluidez

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Viscosidad – Non Newtonian fluids

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Análisis Granulométrico Etapas del Proceso de Conminución Las etapas de la conminución son el Chancado y la Molienda. Existe un límite para el cual los chancadores son eficientes y, pasado éste, se utilizan los molinos, los que realizan la reducción de material para tamaños más finos. CHANCADO 1º 1% de Mandíbulas Mineral de Cobre Giratorio CHANCADO 1º Mandíbulas Impacto Giratorio

CHANCADO 2º Cono estándar CHANCADO 2º Impacto Cono Estándar Impacto

Impacto

R.O.M.

4040" inch Roca Mineralizada

CHANCADO 3º Cono cabeza CHANCADO 3º cortaCono Cabeza Corta De eje vertical Rodillos

MOLIENDA MOLIENDA

Rodillos

6" - 8"

1" 1 -–2"2

6 – 8 inch

inch

1/2" - 3/4"

1/2 – ¾ inch

150 - 300 um

150 – 300 μm

1” (pulgada)= 2,54 cm 1 μm (1 micrómetro)= 10-6 m BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Análisis Granulométrico

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Análisis Granulométrico Tamizado

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Análisis Granulométrico D50 (Video)

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Análisis Granulométrico Por Difracción de Laser ..\Procesos\Slurry\Calculation\20059623230131laser.pdf

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Análisis Granulométrico D50 (Grafica)

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Análisis Granulométrico Tamaño de Partícula

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Análisis Granulométrico Tamaño de Partícula

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Forma de Solidos

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Forma de Solidos

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D50 Microscopio Metalografico

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Tipo de flujo D50 vs Ss

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V

Cw

Cv

Régimen de flujo

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Tipo de flujo en tubería

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Tipo de flujo en tubería

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Tipo de flujo en tubería

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Tipo de flujo en tubería

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Tipo de regímenes de velocidad en Lodos.

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Tipos de regímenes de velocidad en Lodos.

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Tipo de flujo D50 vs Ss

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Impeller Tip Speed vs Severidad de Servicio

94m

65m

73m

55m

40m 70%

70%

30%

37m

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50m

40m

34m

27m

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Desgaste de Partes

Desgaste ≈

Cv x (RPM)

2.50

BHN

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Calculo basicos en bombas de lodos

3.1

Calculo de NPSHr

3.2

Calculo de Velocidad de Sedimentacion

3.3

Calculo de TDH.

3.4

Correcion de Performance.

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NPSHa : Slurry en base acuosa.  NPSHa = ( Patm – Pvapor ) + Hestatica succ – hf GE Slurry GE Slurry : GE Mezcla Solido / Liquido. Patm : Presión atmosférica en mts de columna de agua. Pvapor : Presión vapor en mts de columna de agua. Hestatica succión: Altura en mts columna de Slurry. hf : perdidas primarias y secundarias en mts columna de Slurry.

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NPSHa : Slurry en base acuosa.

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Critical Carrying Velocity

The Mean Velocity of a Slurry in a Given Size Pipe, Above Which, the Solids Remain in Suspension, and Below Which the Solids Settle to the Bottom of the Pipe.

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Main correlations for Critical Carrying Velocity

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Velocidad de Sedimentación en tubería Wilson

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Velocidad de Sedimentación en tubería Wilson

D 6 inch D50 0.20mm Ss 3.4 Sm 1.2328 Cw 30 Cv 13.7 V

2.6 m/seg

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Durand’s and Cave’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

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Durand’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

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Durand’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

D 6 inch D50 0.20mm Ss 3.4 Sm 1.2328 Cw 30 Cv 13.7 Fl 1.25 V

3.3 m/seg

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Cave’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

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Cave’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

D 6 inch D50 0.20mm Ss 3.4 Sm 1.2328 Cw 30 Cv 13.7 Fl 1.04 V

2.8 m/seg

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Cave’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

D D50 Ss Sm Cw Cv Fl D50 V

6 inch 0.20mm 3.4 1.2328 30 13.7 1.05 rango 0 – 0.8mm 2.8 m/seg BOMBAS DE LODOS

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WASP’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

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WASP’s limiting settling Velocity in Piping

D 6 inch D50 0.20mm Ss 3.4 Sm 1.2328 Cw 30 Cv 13.7 Fl’ 2.174 Fl 0.719 V

1.92 m/seg BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Oroskar and Turian Critical Velocity

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Wilson’s Deposition Velocity in Piping

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Material de la Bomba

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5500 XHD SRLXT SRLC

Tipo de Bomba SRL/ SRLC

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Dureza Escala Mohs

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Correlaciones mas Usadas Caída de Presión

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Perdida de Presion

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Slurry TDH Calculation

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Slurry TDH Calculation – Heterogenous flow

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Drag coefficient

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Drag coefficient

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Drag coefficient

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Drag coefficient

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Slurry Correction  SETTLING SLURRY

 NON-SETTLING SLURRY

 Slurries with large size particles

 Slurries with mostly fine particles

 Non Homogeneous

 Mostly Homogeneous

 Require higher pipe velocities

 Can be pumped at lower pipe velocities

 Losses mainly due to particle rotation

 Losses due to slurry slippage

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Caída de Performance en Bomba de Lodos  Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Non – Settling homogeneo Newtoniano.  Método de Corrección en Lodos Non – Settling homogeneo No-Newtoniano.  Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling heterogeneo.

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Non – Settling homogéneo Newtoniano. (Método Fluido Viscoso)

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Non – Settling homogéneo Newtoniano. (Método Fluido Viscoso)

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Método de Corrección en Lodos Non – Settling homogeneo No-Newtoniano

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Caída de Performance Lodos Heterogéneos

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogeneos

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogéneos Rh1 = 1 - 1 / (0.6233 + 0.6027 * D50^0.1575) Rh2 = 122 * Diámetro impulsor ^ -0.663 30.7334

Rh

= Rh1 x Rh2

D50

mm

Diam impul

inch

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogeneos

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogéneos Hr = 1 - Rh x Ccv x Cs x Cfp

Hr = Nr Hr : Corrección en TDH. Nr : Corrección en Eficiencia. BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Método HI de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogéneos Cw GE Slurry D50  mm Diam inch Rh GE Solids Fine Part % Cv Rh

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20 1.176 4 8 4 5 5.882

0.27 1.00 0.27 1.47 0.90 0.39 0.85817

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Método Mc Elvain Cave de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogeneos

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Método Sillgren de Corrección en Lodos Settling Heterogeneos

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Conceptos basicos Altura sobre el nivel del mar.

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Numero de Reynolds

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TYPES OF SLURRY FLUIDS

 NEWTONIAN

 NON-NEWTONIAN

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Newtonian Fluids  When the ratio of shear stress to shear rate is a constant for all shear rates, is independent of time, and zero shear rate exists only at zero shear stress.

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Non-newtonian fluids

 Plastic  Pseudo-plastic  Dilatant  Thixotropic  Rheopectic

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Plastic  When the shear stress to shear rate is constant for rates above zero and is independent of time, but when shear occurs only for shear above a fixed minimum value greater than zero.

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Pseudo-Plastic

 When the ratio of shear stress to shear rate decreases as shear rate increases, is reversible and independent of time, and zero shear rate occurs only at zero shear stress.

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Dilatent

 When the ratio of shear stress to shear rate increases as shear rate increases, reversibly and independent of time.

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Thixotropic

 When the ratio of shear stress to shear rate decreases as time increases, dependent of time.

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Rheopectic

 When the ratio of shear stress to shear rate is constant for all shear rates at any given instant of time, but increases with time.

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Comparacion Newtonianos – No Newtonianos

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Real World Slurries

 In the real world, plastic slurries tend to be a combination of both the plastic and pseudoplastic slurry.

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Correlaciones de Fluidos No Newtonianos

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Non – Newtonian Examples

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Reologia diferentes lodos

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Reologia diferentes lodos

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Bingham plastic slurries

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Bingham plastic  A Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene Bingham who proposed its mathematical form.  It is used as a common mathematical model of mud, slurries flow in offshore engineering, and in the handling of slurries. A common example is toothpaste, which will not be extruded until a certain pressure is applied to the tube. It then is pushed out as a solid plug.

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Velocidad Critica en Lodos No-Newtoniamos Tipo Bingham

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Reograma

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Velocidad de Sedimentación Fluidos No Newtonianos

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TDH Correlaciones en Slurries tipo Bingham

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Bingham Correlaciones Flujo Laminar

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Bingham Correlaciones Flujo Turbulento

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Bingham Correlaciones Flujo Laminar

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Bingham Correlaciones

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Teoria de funcionamiento 4.1

Tipos de Servicio.

4.2

Principio de funcionamiento.

4.3

Criterios de Diseño de Bombas.

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HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS Vary by Design Type, Wear Material and Service  H.I. Service Classes – Class I – Mine Dewatering – Thickener Overflow

– Class 2 – Filter Feed – Slurry Transfer – Flotation

– Class 3 – Thickener Underflow – Tailings

– Class 4 – Primary Grinding – SAG Mill – Secondary Grinding – Ball Mill

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HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS SERVICES 80%

Extra Heavy Severe Duty Class4

71% 66% 54%

Heavy Duty Class 3 Medium Duty Class 2 Light Duty Class 1

46% 38%

43%

27% 15%

11%

75

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS SERVICES 80%

Extra Heavy Severe Duty Class4

71% 66% 54%

Heavy Duty Class 3

46%

Medium Duty Class 2

27%

Light Duty Class 1

72%

38%

15%

34%

8%

100

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HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS SERVICES 80%

Extra Heavy Severe Duty Class4

71% 66% 54%

Heavy Duty Class 3

46%

Medium Duty Class 2

27%

54%

38%

23%

15%

Light Duty Class 1

7%

200

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS SERVICES 80%

Extra Heavy Severe Duty Class4

71% 66% 54%

Heavy Duty Class 3

46%

Medium Duty Class 2

27%

39%

38%

15%

15%

4%

Light Duty Class 1

300

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Teoria de Bombas Centrífugas de Lodos Principio de Funcionamiento CASING-CARCAZA FORROS

(1)

IMPELLER-IMPULSOR CERRADO

(2)

EJE (1)

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Teoria de Bombas Centrífugas Principio de Funcionamiento Para cuestiones practicas:

TDHbomba ≈ V

2

2g

V : IMP. TIP SPEED RPM 1800 D 10.22 inch

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Teoria de Bombas Centrífugas Principio de Funcionamiento

Altura Diametro

RPM 2

Altura (pies) =

Diam (Pulg) x RPM 1838

Esto es solo aproximado y aplica de manera mas certera a Bombas de bajo numero Especifico de velocidad

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Teoria de Bombas Centrífugas Impeller Tip Speed D 29” 98.1 FPS 150 FT 775 rpm D 21” 98.1FPS 150FT 1070 rpm D18” 98.2FPS 150FT 1500 rpm BOMBAS DE LODOS

Teoria de Bombas Centrífugas Impeller Tip Speed

29”

• • • • •

21”

15”

D 29” 86.1 FPS 115 FT 680rpm 5166 FPM D 21” 86.8FPS 117 FT 947rpm 5210 FPM

6 inch diameter discharge pumps. 1000 GPM @ 125 FT. Pumps speed varies from 650 rpm to 1400 rpm. D15” Tips varies from 86 fps to 90 fps. 90.5FPS 127 FT Hystories shows that pump with 29 inch 1383rpm 5435FPM Diameter impeller will outlast pump with 15 inch 6 : 1

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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5500 15 inch 90.5 FPS 125 FT 1383 rpm Ns 1400 81%BEP

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5500 21 inch 86.8FPS 125 FT 947 rpm Ns 990 77%BEP

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5500 29 inch 86.1 FPS 125 FT 680 rpm Ns 606 95%BEP

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Dimensionamiento Bomba de Lodos mm

lbs

mm

rpm

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rpm

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Impeller Tip Speed vs Severidad de Servicio

94m

65m

73m

55m

40m 70%

70%

30%

37m

BOMBAS DE LODOS

50m

40m

34m

27m

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Selection Guidelines Rubber Lined Pumps

* Higher peripheral velocities possible with hard metal or polyurethane Impellers

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Desgaste de Partes

Desgaste ≈

Cv x (RPM)

2.50

BHN

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Desgaste de Partes

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Slurry Pump Design

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Slurry Pump Design  Slurry Cutwaters are Less Pronounced.  Larger Flow Passages.  CFD design to reduce high velocity zones, and recirculation zones.  Closed impellers are preferred.  To reduce suction impeller recirculation, impeller radial clearence adjustment is used instead Wear rings.  Wear parts are used.  Pedestal design for bearing frame support. BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump vs Process Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

Slurry Pump vs Process Pump BackPlate

BOMBA DE LODOS

Casing

Slurry Pump vs Process Pump BackPlate

Casing

Suction Liner

Suction Cover

BOMBA DE LODOS

Slurry Pump vs Process Pump

HIDRAULICA BASICA

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Slurry Pump vs Process Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

Slurry Pump vs Process Pump

SLURRY

PROCESS

BOMBA DE LODOS

Slurry Pump vs Process Pump

PROCESS

BOMBA DE LODOS

SLURRY

Slurry Pump Design Material

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Slurry Pump Design Material – Rubber Lined Slurry Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Material – Rubber Lined Slurry Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Material – Rubber Lined Slurry Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Material – Metal Unlined Slurry Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Material – Metal Unlined Slurry Pump

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Slurry Pump Design Casing Los fabricantes de equipos han logrado diseños, para atenuar el desgaste y hacer más eficiente sus equipos según la aplicación y clase de servicio donde se utilice. El HI reconoce el siguiente cuadro, y recomienda seleccionar los equipos siguiendo estos parámetros.

Anular

Semivoluta

BOMBA DE LODOS

Voluta Convencional

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Slurry Pump Design Casing

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Casing

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Casing – Front Pull Out – Radial Split

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Casing – Front Pull Out – Radial Split

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Slurry Pump Design Casing – Front Pull Out – Radial Split

HIDRAULICA BASICA

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Slurry Pump Design Casing – Front Pull Out – Radial Split

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Impeller Design

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Impeller Design

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Slurry Pump Design Impeller Design

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Impeller Design

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Slurry Pump Design Impeller Design

BOMBA DE LODOS

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196

Slurry Pump Design Wear Parts Back Casing Liquid End

Partes de Desgaste Liquid End Front Casing Liquid End

Pedestal Power End Closed Impeller Liquid End

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Extra Thickness Wear Parts

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Slurry Pump Design Hydraulic Coverage

HIDRAULICA BASICA

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199

Slurry Pump Design Hydraulic Coverage

BOMBA DE LODOS

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200

Slurry Pump Design CFD Tool Design

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201

Tipos de Bombas de Lodos

5.1

Tipos Principales.

5.2

Componentes Principales

5.3

Portafolio Bombas Goulds

3.4

Correcion de Performance.

202

Tipos de Bombas de Lodos

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Tipos de Bombas de Lodos

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Tipos de Bombas Centrifugas

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Componentes Principales

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Bomba de Lodos Horizontal Componentes Principales

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Shaft Seals

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Vertical Cantilever Sump Pumps

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209

OH0 Overhung flexibly coupled single stage lined

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XHD SRL

5500 3196

Bombas Centrifugas Bomba de Lodos

BOMBAS DE LODOS

VRS VJC

5/2/2015

211

Sectional View Lined Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Metal lined Pump Closed Impeller

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Rubber Lined Pump Open Impeller

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Rubber Lined Pump Closed Impeller

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Rubber Lined Pump Closed Impeller

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Rubber Lined Pump Extra Thickness Liners Closed Impeller

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217

Sectional View Unlined Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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218

Metal Unlined Pump Closed Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Open Rubber Impeller Slurry Pump

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Close Rubber Impeller Slurry Pump

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Close metal impeller Vista Expandida.

HIDRAULICA BASICA

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222

Arreglo de Bomba - Motor

BOMBA DE LODOS

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Goulds Pumps Slurry Pumps – Portfolio.  Horizontal Rubber Lined Pump SRL Series SRL, SRL-M, SRL-C, SRL-CM, SRL-XT,  Horizontal Froth Rubber Lined Pump SRL-S.  Vertical Cantilever Rubber Lined Pump VRS.  Horizontal Metal Lined Pump Extra Heavy Duty XHD.

SRL-C

5500

XHD

VRS

 Horizontal Metal Unlined Pump Heavy Duty Closed Impeller 5500. Medium Duty Open Impeller JC.  Vertical Cantilever Metal Unlined Pump VJC.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model SRL Family Product Description  High Efficiency Slurry Pumps Low power costs, proven hydraulics & reliable operation  Thick Bolt-In Rubber Liners Field replaceable, positive assembly and long wear life  Large Diameter Impellers Lower operating speeds & extended wear life

SRL-C

SRL

 Heavy Duty Bearing Assembly Low shaft deflection, adjustable for peak operating efficiency  Packed Gland / Mechanical Seal Choice of packing arrangements or mechanical seals BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S

SRL-XT

SRL / SRL-M / SRL-C / SRL-CM / SRL-XT / SRL-S Size & Type Designation Example - 14x12-29 SRL-CMHD

– 14 – 12 – 29 – SRL –C –M – HD – XHD

= Suction Size in Inches = Discharge Size in Inches = Impeller Diameter in Inches = Soft Rubber Lined = EnClosed Impeller = Metal Impeller = High Pressure Duty Casing = EXtra High Pressure Duty Casing

* The Pump Size & Type is Cast in Raised Letters on the Suction Casing * The Old Design does not have the Impeller Diameter included on the Casting BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model SRL Hydraulic Coverage  Flow to 1,500 gpm (341 m3/hr)  Head to 135 feet (41 m)  Pressure to 232 psig (1600 kPa)  4 Sizes.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model SRL-C Key Features and Benefits High-Efficiency Design Very low power costs Proven hydraulics for slurry service Extended parts wear life Thick bolt-in liners Positive assembly in casing for extended life Large liners reinforced with a fiberglass shell Resist liner collapse under adverse conditions Parts Interchangeability Many parts are interchangeable between pump sizes built on the same bearing frames.

Replaceable suction wearplate available on 6” (150mm) and larger pumps Provides reduced downtime and lower replacement cost

Large diameter closed impeller Lower speeds and extended wear life Axially adjustable bearing assembly Maintains peak operating efficiency and life Short, rigid shaft and heavy duty bearings Low-deflections and reliable service Packed gland option or mechanical seal Standard, low, or no Dilution arrangements Precision-machined cast iron frame Standard, low, or no Dilution arrangements Five discharge positions available Suitable for most piping arrangements

Model SRL-C Hydraulic Coverage  Flow to 20,000 gpm (4,542 m3/hr)  Head to 164 feet (50 m)  Pressure to 400 psig (2,758 kPa)  8 Sizes.  Heavy Duty Design.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-C Wet End Features Hybrid Liners Standard on 12x10-25 and larger SRL-C Pumps - Provides Steel Plate as Base for Liner Including Cutwater. - Composite Liner for Volute Area to Resist Collapse due to System Upset and Ease of Handling. - Space Between Steel Plate and Composite Allows some Flexing for Installation and Fit. - Finished Gland Side Liner

BOMBAS DE LODOS

230

Model SRL – SRL-C

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Model SRL-XT EXtra Thickness Rubber Lined Pump  Extra rubber thickness for severe service.  Removable suction cover easy maintenance.  Liners positively locked into casing for better liner fit.  Impeller release collar for less removal impeller time.  SAG and Ball mil service longer cycle life.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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Model SRL-XT Hydraulic Coverage EXtra Thickness Rubber Lined Pump  Flow to 10,000 gpm (2,270 m3/hr)  Head to 140 feet (42 m)  Pressure to 250 psig (1725 kPa)  4 Sizes.  Solids to: ½” ,13 mm.  Sizes to 6” to 12”.  Extra heavy duty design. BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model SRL-XT Mill Circuit Pump

Primary Grinding

Secondary Grinding

SAG Mill

Ball Mill

Output: Very Coarse Ore

Output: Coarse Ore

BOMBAS DE LODOS

234

SRL-XT Pumps Impeller Release Collar

 Releases the Torque Load on Impeller Threads to

Tapped holes for jacking

Facilitate Disassembly  Tapered at the Shaft Sleeve for Easy Removal  Allen Head Screws for Collar Assembly & Removal  Also Functions as Deflector

BOMBAS DE LODOS

235

SRL / SRL-C / SRL-XT

Wet End Features  Front Pull-out Design  CW Rotation  No Vent, Drains, or Taps in Casing  Packed Box Standard  Hard Coated 316 SS Shaft Sleeve Standard

BOMBAS DE LODOS

236

SRL / SRL-C / SRL-XT – Shaft Sleeve XH-800 Shaft Sleeve  Standard on all SRL pumps  Hard Ni-Cr coating – 64 Rc  Will not chip or crack  Base 316 SS alloy for corrosion resistance  Ground 6-8 RMS finish  Other alloys available BOMBAS DE LODOS

237

SRL / SRL-C / SRL-XT

Wet End Features  Front & Rear Casing Halves  Cast Iron Casing is Standard  Ductile Iron & Carbon Steel Casings Available for Higher Pressures up to 400 PSI  Standard 75 - 140 PSI  HD, DI 225 - 250PSI  XHD, Steel 250 - 400PSI

BOMBAS DE LODOS

No se puede mostrar la imagen en este momento.

238

SRL / SRL-C / SRL-XT Wet End Features  Bolt-In Liners  Suction Wear Plates and Suction Liners on 8x6 and larger sizes  2 Piece Gland Side Liner on 16” & 20” Pumps

BOMBAS DE LODOS

239

SRL / SRL-C / SRL-XT

Impeller Features -Threaded on Impellers -Semi-open Impellers on SRL -Closed Impellers on SRL-C

Shearpeller

-Shearpellers Available on select sizes -Chrome Iron and Alloys Available on most sizes

BOMBAS DE LODOS

240

SRL-C / SRL-XT Ceramic Rubber Media  Pump suction wear plate in natural rubber with ceramic rods molded in. – Offers hard surface with the resilience of natural rubber

– 2-4 times life, less downtime – Maximizes pump performance

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Froth Rubber Lined Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Froth Rubber Lined Pump  Unique impeller design to handle slurries with froth / entrained air or long / stringy particles – Replaces standard impeller – Larger pump not required – Variety of materials available

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Froth Rubber Lined Pump - Hydraulic Coverage  Flow to 16,000 gpm (3,630 m3/hr)  Head to 125 feet (38 m)  8 Sizes.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Unique in design Pd

Ps

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Froth Factor  Common in Mineral Processing Operations Where Froth Flotation is used.  Froth Contains a Large Amount of Air and can Cause Pumping Problems.  The Full Volumetric Flow Divided by the Liquid Content is Know as the Froth Factor (think bucket of suds).  Typical Froth Factors are in the 1.2 – 3 Range but Factors as High as 5 may Occur.  A Standard Centrifugal Pump Must be Oversized to Deal with this.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S – ShearpellerTM Froth Factor – Pump Sizing  Multiply Flow Rate Times Froth Factor to Get Required Pump Flow. TDH Remains the Same.  Horsepower is Calculated Using the Actual Capacity and Efficiency.  Motor Should Be Selected as Non-Overloading (One of the few Cases Where this is Required When Pumping a Slurry).  One Alternative to this is the Shearpeller™ Which will be Discussed with the SRL Pump Line later.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL-S ShearpellerTM Ps 14.7psia Pd 55.6psia Vd/Vs= 3.8

BOMBAS DE LODOS

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SRL Series Liners  Various Elastomers Available - Natural - Nitrile - Neoprene - Chlorobutyl - Hypalon - Urethane  Elastomers Molded to Metal Skeletons

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Metal Skeletons

SRL Series Casing Configuration Wet End Features  5 Discharge Positions Available (A -E) • A - Top Horizontal • C - Vertical Up - Std. • E - Bottom Horizontal • B & D - 45º Discharge

BOMBAS DE LODOS

250

SRL Series Power Frames 8 Sizes of Power

Frame 0 Frame 1

Frames

Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4

Rubber Parts & Casings are not interchangeable between pump types

Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7

2x2-10 3x3-10 SRL 3x3-10 SRL-C 5x4-14 SRL-C 5x5-14 SRL 6x6-15 SRL 8x6-18 SRL-C 10x8-21 SRL-C 6x6-21 SRL-XT 12x10-25 SRL-C 8x8-25 SRL-XT 14x12-29 SRL-C 10x10-28 SRL-XT 16x14-34 SRL-C 20x18-40 SRL-C 14x12-36 SRL-XT*

* Frame 7 shaft & bearing assembly on frame 6 pedestal BOMBAS DE LODOS

251

SRL Series Power Frame - Features Power Ends  Cartridge Bearing Frame  Bearing Housing Integral with Pedestal on 2x2-10  External Impeller Adjustment  Large Diameter Shaft  Motor Base Mounts off Pedestal  Oil Level Sight Glass on both sides

BOMBAS DE LODOS

252

SRL Series – Hydraulic Coverage

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL Series Optional Features

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL/SRL-XT Typical Applications/Installations

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model SRL Typical Applications  Mining  Mineral Processing  Pulp & Paper  Aggregate  Power Utility  Chemical Applications  General Industry

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Predicted Curve – 24x22-44 SRL-C

BOMBAS DE LODOS

257

Predicted Curve – 28x26-50 SRL-C

BOMBAS DE LODOS

258

Model 5500 Product Description Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump  Large Diameter Impeller develops higher heads at lower operating speeds.  Extra Thick Wet End Components for extended wear life.  Improvement Inlet Impeller Design for lower wear.  Extra Heavy Duty Casing for maximum wear life.  Extra Heavy Duty Shaft assures minimum shaft deflection.  Sealing Flexibility Choice of packing, mechanical seal or dynamic seal.  Wear Tests Aluminum models utilized.  L-10

Min. 100,000 hours bearings. BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 Hydraulic Coverage Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump  Flow to 17,000 gpm (3,861 m3/hr)  Head to 425 feet tdh (139 m)  Temperature to 250° F (121° C)  Pressure to 500 psig (3,448 kPa)  Solids to 5 inches (127 mm)  Materials: HC600, 1269,1650, CD4MCu  24 sizes  Spherical Solids Up to 4 Inch  Available 4 power frames

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 Key Features and Benefits Extra Heavy Duty Shaft Long bearing span and large diameters reduce shaft deflection, extend bearing and packing life. Ideally suited for mounting large motors overhead. Shaft Sleeve Hook-type, extra thick and hardened for long life and reduced maintenance. Optional ceramic sleeve available for severe services. Full T-Slot Bolting For ease of maintenance.

Knock-Off Deflector For easier impeller removal and added bearing protection.

Integral Rear Liner No joints; extra thick. Reduces parts inventory cost and simplifies maintenance.

Cast In Lifting Lugs Provide safe, ease of handling Stuffing Box Connections Standard for either “full flush” or “low dilution.” Customer selects best choice for service. Positive Impeller Attachment Heavy duty Acme threads for easy impeller removal. No inserts for trouble-free operation.

Thick Metal Sections Casing, suction cover and impeller have extra thick wall sections for extended wear life, reduced maintenance.

Large Diameter Impeller Higher heads at lower operating speeds. Extra thick wall sections.

Model 5500 - Casing  T-Slot Bolting Easy Removal & Assembly.  Thick Sections Long Wear Life.  Integral Rear Wall No Joint - Reduced Wear.  Lifting Lugs Ease of Maintenance.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

262

Model 5500 - Impeller  Large Diameter Lower Speed & Less Wear  Large Adjustment Maximizes Life  Large Eye Area Longer Wear Life  Acme Threads Easy Impeller Assembly  Curved Inlet Smooth Flow Transition  No BPOVs Higher Efficiency

BOMBAS DE LODOS

263

Model 5500 – Suction Cover  Machined Taper Ease of Removal  Contoured Less Recirculation & Higher Efficiency  Can be Rotated Maximize Wear Life  Ceramic Inserts Available on Certain Sizes  Cast-in Lifting Lugs Safety & Maintenance

BOMBAS DE LODOS

264

Model 5500 - Stuffing Box  Large & Open Easy access.  Release Collar Easier impeller removal.  Packing Options Full flush or weep.  Dry Gland Option Expellers available.  Slurry Seal Taper design box available.  Shaft Sleeve Hardened 420SS hook type.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

265

Model 5500 – Bearing Frame  Dead-Set Bearings No shims or preload needed.  Oil Lube Standard.  Register Fit Positive alignment to frame.  Large Shaft Ø Minimal deflection.  Bearings Double row tapered, & spherical rollers.  Shaft Sealing Two lip seals w/ grease.  Pump Base Free-standing fabricated. 266

5500 – Front Pull Out Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 HP – High Pressure Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump

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5500 - Long Life Design Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump Feature

Function

Benefit

Heavy Duty Design

Designed for the most severe slurry applications

Reduced Downtime Maximum Reliability Reduced Costs

Free Standing Pump

Not bedplate or special support required

Easy Installation Reduced Installation Costs

Large Heavy Duty Power End Overhead Motor Mounting

Designed for maximum life and load. Allows motor to be mounted directly above frame, minimizing space requirement. Can overhead mount largest motor frames in industry.

Increased reliability Reduced installation costs.

Cartridge Bearing Frame

Allows for quick power end change out, Allows for axial adjustment of impeller

Reduced maintenance, Less downtime

Dead Set Bearings

Eliminates shims, adjusting rings, and springs

Easier, simplified maintenance, less downtime

No Liners

Fewer Joints Fewer Parts to Stock Easier Maintenance, no fit problems it outer shell wears

Lower overall costs Less Downtime Easier Maintenance

Knock Off Deflector

Protects bearings Facilitates impeller removal

Increased reliability Reduced Downtime Ease of Maintenance

Open Stuffing Box Area

Easy access to packing or mechanical seal

Ease of maintenance

Designed to be Maintenance Friendly

Incorporate features that makes the 5500 the easiest and safest pump to maintenance on the market

Ease of Maintenance Less downtime Reduced costs Increased Safety

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 Typical Applications -Primary Metals -Coal Preparation -Non-Metallic Mining -Sand and Gravel -Power Utility -Wet Process Cement -Pulp & Paper -General

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 Typical Applications

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model 5500 HP – Application Extra Heavy Duty Unlined Metal Horizontal Slurry Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

272

Model JC Product Description  Thick Wet End Components For extended wear life.  Replaceable Wear Liner Low maintenance cost.  Heavy Duty Power End Increased mean time between failures.  External Impeller Adjustment Maintains original efficiency; simple and fast.  Maximum Parts Interchangeability Entire line uses just five power ends.  Sealing Flexibility Choice of packing, mechanical seals or dynamic seal.  Standard Construction HC600, High Chrome Iron.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model JC Hydraulic Coverage  Flow to 7,000 gpm (1,600 m3/hr)  Head to 240 feet tdh (73 m)  Temperature to 250° F (120° C)  Pressure to 150 psig (1,034 kPa)  Solids to 2.25 inches (57 mm)  Materials: Cast Iron, HC600, 1269, 316SS, CD4MCu  15 sizes.  Medium Duty. BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model JC Key Features and Benefits Suction Cover Liner Replaceable part takes all wear on suction side of casing

Casing Extra thick wall sections for extended wear life, reduced maintenance. Dual volute design where necessary to reduce radial loads.

External Impeller Adjustment Maintains maximum efficiency by simple adjustment.

Impeller Best design for slurry services/proven by wear testing and field experience. Back pump-out vanes reduce stuffing box pressure, keep solids out of stuffing box. Discharge Nozzle May be rotated in field to any of eight positions.

Shaft Sleeve Hook-type design for shaft protection.

Bearings Radial and thrust bearings are sized for 3-year B10 life (25,000 hours). Grease or oil lubrication.

Heavy Duty Shaft Large diameters to handle high loads, reduce shaft deflection

Dynamic Seal Expeller option for absolute dry box sealing. No outside flush required.

Mechanical Seal A wide range of mechanical seals is available for sealing flexibility..

JC Features

BOMBAS DE LODOS

276

JC Typical Services  Light to medium duty slurries

– Corrosive – SG  1.3 – SG  1.4 below 1200 rpm

– Entrained air to ~ 6%

BOMBAS DE LODOS

277

Model JC S Box - Bearing Frame  Heavy Duty Bearing Frame One piece for extended wear life.  External Impeller Adjustment Maintains original efficiency; simple and fast  Replaceable Wear Liner Low maintenance cost.  Sealing Flexibility Choice of packing, mechanical seals or dynamic seal.  Rugged Shaft Heavy duty design.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

JC Mounting Options

BOMBAS DE LODOS

279

Model JC Typical Applications  Wet Scrubber Systems  Waste Sludge  Fracing Slurries (Oil Field)  Paper Mill Wastes and Liquors  Clay and Sand Slurries  Dirty Water  Kaolin Clay  Carbon Slurry  Lime Mud  Precipitated & Ground CaCO3

BOMBAS DE LODOS

XHD Extra Heavy Duty Slurry Pump Horizontal Lined Metal Pump  Full Metal Lined For extended wear life.  Replaceable Wear Metal Liners Low maintenance cost.  Heavy Duty and Compact Power End Increased mean time between failures a easy for replacement.  External Adjustable ring Without stop the pumps and maintains original efficiency; simple and fast.  Standard Construction HC600, High Chrome Iron.  I-Frame For Vibration & Temperature condition monitoring.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

281

XHD Extra Heavy Duty Slurry Pump Horizontal Lined Metal Pump  Six Sizes

4x3, 6x5, 8x6, 10x8, 12x10 & 14x12.

 Wide Capability

Flows to 4000 m3/h, Heads to 100m, 17 bar.

 Low Specific Speeds 1200-1425.

 Currently 3 power frames PF2, PF3, PF4.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

XHD Extra Heavy Duty Slurry Pump Horizontal Lined Metal Pump

283

XHD - Low Water & Energy Consumption Horizontal Lined Metal Pump Impeller adjustment to set suction clearance and reduce recirculation

Efficient Hydraulic Design

One piece HC600 suction wear plate for longer life

Low water seal options (1L4 water flush, slurry mechanical, and dynamic

BOMBAS DE LODOS

XHD - Maximizing Productivity Horizontal Lined Metal Pump Quick change wet end cartridge to reduce downtime.

Pump out vane designs to reduce solids abrasion of the nose gap.

One piece stuffing box

On-board condition monitoring (Optional)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

XHD - Maintenance Features Horizontal Lined Metal Pump Wide open seal area with split, removable gland.

HC600 alloy for suction wear plate to extend life

Easy access impeller adjustment Removable wet end cartridge.

Optional InproTM Seal bearing isolators

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Feedback From Early Field Placements Pumping Application

Slurry Type

What the Customer Said

Primary cyclone feed

Primary metals

“Like clockwork… absolutely great.”

Coal

“Uses 7 to 9 motor amps less… the flow coming out of the bin is greater out of the XHD than the pump we’re replacing.”

Aggregates

“Motor amps dropped to 175 amps with the product in the [XHD] system… normally they are running at 185 amps with this load.”

Coal

“Pumps work great. No problems and the XHD is easy to work on… the oil stays clean and the pumps run very quietly.”

Thickener underflow

Primary sand pump

Cyclone feed

BOMBAS DE LODOS

287

XHD – Impeller Adjustment Horizontal Lined Metal Pump (Video)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

288

XHD – Wet End Removal Horizontal Lined Metal Pump (Video)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

289

Goulds Pumps - Slurry Pumps Coverage XHD, 5500, SRL, SRL-XT, JC Slurry Pumps

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Why Use A Vertical Cantilever Pump?  Eliminates Packing & Mechanical Seals  Requires No Submerged Bearings  Requires No In-Sump Lubrication  Requires No Check or Foot Valves  Is Easily Primed  Can Run Dry  Requires Minimal Maintenance  Bearings & Motor Located Above Liquid Level  Don’t Like Submersible Pumps

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Model VJC Vertical Cantilever Unlined Pump

 Sizes: 2” - 10”  Flows - to 8000 GPM  Heads - to 240 Feet  Solid Sizes: .875” - 2.25”  6 Sizes.  Metal JC wet end  Available in lengths up to 8-ft  Four power frames.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

292

Model VJC Vertical Cantilever Unlined Pump  Replaceable Suction Liner  Enclosed Impeller on the 8” and 10” pumps  Materials: CI, HC600, 316SS, Other - Consult Factory  Double Volute Casing Except 2”  Semi-Open Impeller on 2,3,4, & 6” pumps  Impeller Threaded to Shaft Against Rotation  Hub Throttle Bushing

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

293

Model VRS Vertical Cantilever Rubber Lined Sump Pump  Rubber Lined Pump.  Open impeller.  Uses SRL wet end.  Available in 4-ft & 6-ft lengths.

 Five sizes (1½”, 2”, 3”, 5” & 6”).

 Flows to 1500 usgpm (341 m3/hr).

 Total heads to 120-ft (37m)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

294

Model VRS Vertical Cantilever Rubber Lined Sump Pump  Standard SRL Casings  Standard SRL Liners  Standard 4-ft and 6-ft Lengths  Sizes to Cover Majority of Applications  Higher Efficiency than Competition  Very Price Competitive  Floor Plate is Included  Motor Mount & Guard Included  Discharge & Suction Tail Pipes are Optional Adders BOMBAS DE LODOS

295

Model VRS Vertical Cantilever Rubber Lined Sump Pump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

296

Vertical Cantilever Slurry Sump Pump Coverage.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

297

Desgaste en Bomba de Lodos 6.1

Factores de desgaste.

6.2

Modos de desgaste.

6.3

Criterios de abrasividad.

6.4

Estimación del desgaste.

6.5

Desgaste a % BEP y Fotos. BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

298

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN KEY CONSIDERATIONS  ROTATIONAL SPEED.  RUBBER vs. METAL.  CASING DESIGN.  MODOS DE DESGASTE.  SEVERIDAD DEL SERVICIO.  FACTORES DE DESGASTE.  % BEP POINT.  MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION.  PH, % CONCENTRATION, PH OF SLURRY. BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN ROTATIONAL SPEED  Rotational Speed is the Single Biggest Factor in the Life of Slurry Pump Parts.  That is Why Slurry Pumps are Not Applied @ 3600 rpm.  All Other Things Being Equal, Wear Life Varies by the Speed Ratio to the 2.5 or 3 Power (ITT uses 2.5).

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN PARTS LIFE EXAMPLE EFFECT OF ROTATIONAL SPEED CHROME IRON CASING --- 3.00” THICK CURRENT WEAR RATE

--- 0.0008” / HR

ROTATIONAL SPEED

--- 1480 RPM

ESTIMATED LIFE =

3.00/0.0008” = 3,750 HOURS

CONDITIONS CHANGE TO REDUCE PUMP SPEED TO 1000 RPM. SPEED CHANGE EFFECT = .0008 * (1000/1480)2.5 = .0003” NEW EST. LIFE = 3.0 / 0.0003” = 10,000 HOURS (2.7 x )

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN IMPELLER TIP SPEED

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN DESGASTE DE PARTES

Desgaste ≈

Cv x (RPM)

2.50

BHN

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

303

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MODOS DE DESGASTE EN BOMBAS

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

304

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MECANISMOS DE EROSION POR IMPACTO

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

305

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN EROSION POR IMPACTO

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

306

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN SLIDING EROSION

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

307

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN LUGARES DE TÍPICOS DE DESGASTE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

308

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN LUGARES DE TÍPICOS DE DESGASTE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

309

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN LUGARES DE TÍPICOS DE DESGASTE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

310

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN LUGARES DE TÍPICOS DE DESGASTE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

311

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN LUGARES DE TÍPICOS DE DESGASTE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

312

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN SEVERIDAD DEL SERVICIO

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

313

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN SLURRY SPECIFIC GRAVITY FOR MILLER NUMBER EFFECT

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

314

Millers Number Some Slurries

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

315

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MILLERS NUMBER SOME SLURRIES

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

316

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MILLERS NUMBER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

317

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MILLERS NUMBER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

318

SLURRY PUMP DESIGN MILLERS NUMBER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

319

HORIZONTAL SLURRY PUMPS Vary by Design Type, Wear Material and Service  H.I. Service Classes – Class I – Mine Dewatering – Thickener Overflow

– Class 2 – Filter Feed – Slurry Transfer

– Class 3 – Thickener Underflow – Tailings

– Class 4 – Primary Grinding – SAG Mill – Secondary Grinding – Ball Mill

BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

320

Hard Rock Mining- Slurry Service Class Ref: Copper

BOMBAS DE LODOS

WEAR TEST RESULTS RELATIVE LIFE FACTORS MATERIAL

AVG. BHN

RELATIVE LIFE

CAST IRON

170

1.0

316SS

155

1.1

CD4MCu

260

1.2

ALLOY 20

125

1.2

NI-HARD

652

2.3

HC600

675

3.1

CERAMIC

---

5.4

BOMBAS DE LODOS

RELATIVE LIFE FACTORS WEAR TEST RESULTS

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT APPLICATION POINT, METAL PUMP (% OF BEST EFF.)

LIFE FACTOR

0 TO 25

0.3

26 TO 50

0.5

51 TO 75

0.8

76 TO 100

1.0

101 TO 120

0.7

BOMBAS DE LODOS

HARDNESS OF COMMON MINERALS

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

325

WEAR LINED PUMP SECTIONAL VIEW

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

326

WEAR UNLINED PUMP SECTIONAL VIEW

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

327

WEAR IMPELLER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

328

Suction Liner Wear

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

329

Impeller liner Wear

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

330

Casing Liner Wear

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

331

Casing Wear % QEP

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

332

SRL / RUBBER APPLICATION SRL / SRL-C Rubber Lined Pumps  Rubber Absorbs Impact Energy from Suspended Particles due to Resilience  Rubber Liners are Typically 1” Thick  Larger Particles Tend to Fully Compress the Rubber and Cause Tears  Sharp or Jagged Particles (Tramp Material) Tend to Tear Rubber

BOMBAS DE LODOS

333

SRL / RUBBER APPLICATION

SRL-XT Extra Thick Rubber Lined Pumps  Extra Thick Rubber (up to 3X) has Higher Resilience than Conventional R-L Pumps  Thicker Liners Absorb More Impact Energy Due to the Larger Size Particles in the Slurry  Thicker Rubber for Longer Life

BOMBAS DE LODOS

334

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - CASING

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - IMPELLER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - IMPELLER

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

338

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - CASING

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - IMPELLER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - CASING

HIDRAULICA BASICA

5/2/2015

341

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - CASING

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - IMPELLER

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SLURRY PUMP LIFE FACTORS APPLICATION POINT - IMPELLER

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

344

Factor Confiabilidad para % BEP.

% BEP (% OF BEST EFF.)

LIFE FACTOR

0 TO 25

0.5

26 TO 50

0.8

51 TO 75

0.9

76 TO 100

1.0

101 TO 120

0.8

HIDRAULICA BASICA

5/2/2015

345

Desgaste por bajo flujo Mecanismo de Desgaste

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

346

Desgaste por bajo flujo

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

347

Desgaste por bajo flujo

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

348

Erosion

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

349

Erosion / Corrosion

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

350

Erosion / Corrosion

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

351

Erosion / Corrosion 1800 horas de uso

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

352

Erosion / Corrosion 1500 horas de uso

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

353

Servicios Típicos 7.1

Bombas En Serie.

7.2

Bombas en Plantas concentradoras.

7.3

Froth Pumps.

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

354

MULTIPLE PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE PUMPS IN SERIES

 Often used with Rubber-Lined Pumps to get Heads Which Exceed the Maximum Safe RPM of an Elastomer Impeller.  Also Used with Metal Pumps for Slurry Pipelines.  Performance Curves for all Pumps are Added.  Expeller is not used on Series Services.  High Pressure Pump design is often needed.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

MULTIPLE PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE MAXIMUM TDH PER STAGE

94m

65m

73m

55m

40m 70%

70%

30%

37m

BOMBAS DE LODOS

50m

40m

34m

27m

5/2/2015

356

Goulds Pumps - Slurry Pumps Coverage XHD, 5500, SRL, SRL-XT, JC Slurry Pumps

BOMBAS DE LODOS

MULTIPLE PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE NUMBER OF PUMPS PER STAGE

# OF PUMPS

=

TOTAL TDH (m) MAXIMUM TDH (m)

# OF PUMPS

=

TOTAL HP MAXIMUM HP AVAILABLE PER STATION

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

358

MULTIPLE PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE PUMPS IN SERIES

BOMBAS DE LODOS

PUMPS IN SERIES

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

360

Systems in Mineral Operations Mineral concentrate production

Complete systems Comminution circuits

Process Systems Product Systems Products

Crushing

Pumps

Grinding

Crushers

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Separation circuits

Separation

Grinding Mills Separators

Dewatering circuits

Thickening

Thickeners

Filtration

Filters

May 2, 2015

361

Planta Concentradora

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

362

Planta Concentradora Tamaño de Particula en Molienda

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

363

Planta Concentradora

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

364

Planta Concentradora

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

365

Mill Circuit

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

366

Tratamiento de sulfuros

MINA

CHANCADO MOLIENDA FLOTACION

FeS2 H O 2

COLAS

CuFeS2 SiO2

CONC.DE Cu Y DE Mo

Al2O3

FLOT. SELECTIVA AGUA

FILTRADO Y SECADO

CONC. DE Cu SECO

FUSIÓN Y CONVERSION

CONC. DE Cu

CONC. DE Mo

REFINACION Y MOLDEO

ELECTRO REFINACIÓN CATODOS

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Proceso Productivo - Cobre

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

368

Diagrama de flujo del circuito de molienda flotación unitaria A FLOTACION DE PLOMO

1650 tm ps d

60%

1250 tm s pd

40%

M OL. SEC.

M OLINO

M OLINO

8x4

#1

#2

9.5X12

9.5X12

U NITAR IA

U NITARIA

CONC. Pb UNIT. 73-74%

BOMBAS DE LODOS

369

DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DEL CIRCUITO DE FLOTACION DE PLOMO De Molinos ROUGHER Pb

SCAVENGER Pb

Relave Pb

C ELD A

MR

COLUMNA

Pb

Pb

Scv. Limpieza

1era Limpieza

2da Limpieza

Conc. Pb (cleaner)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

370

DIAGRAMA DE FLUJO DEL CIRCUITO DE FLOTACION DE ZINC RELAVE DE PLOMO

A C ON D . # 1

R O U G HER A C ON D . # 2

Zn

ROUGHER Zn

SCAVENGER Zn R EL A VE

DR-300

SCAV. LIMPIEZA SE GUNDA LI M P I E ZA

CELDA

T E RCE RA LI M P .

COLUMNA ZN

1° CL.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SCAV. LIMPIEZA

C ON C . Z n

371

Pump Application

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

372

Minerales

Clasificación (de acuerdo a la naturaleza del mineral valioso que contienen)

 Yacimiento nativo

El metal está en forma natural, ej. Au, Pt

 Yacimiento sulfuroso

El metal está en forma de sulfuros

 Yacimiento oxidado

El metal se presenta en forma de óxidos

 Yacimiento complejo

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Contienen cantidades rentables de más de un mineral valioso. Ejemplo: galena y esfalerita

Trituración Por lo general se realiza en seco. Por impacto, la fragmentación se produce debido a un golpe instantáneo y seco de un material sólido duro sobre la partícula de roca o mineral, o por golpe de la partícula contra el sólido duro, o finalmente por golpes o choques entre partículas.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Trituración Por atrición, las partículas se desmenuzan debido a fuerzas de fricción que se generan entre dos superficies duras o entre partículas. Como resultado se producen partículas bastante pequeñas o también grandes.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Trituración Por corte, la fragmentación se produce debido a una fuerza cortante.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Trituración Por compresión, la fragmentación se produce por acción de una fuerza de compresión generada entre dos superficies duras.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SAG / AG Grinding Mills Servicio Clase 4

Semi-autogenous grinding mills (SAG) use a minimal ball charge in the range of 6-15% Autogenous grinding mills (AG) involves no grinding media as the ore itself is the grinding media.

Mills range in size from 18' through 40' in diameter with powers as high as 30,000 hp.

378

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

379

Cyclones – Servicio Clase 4

 Separates materials by density using centrifugal force

– Solid/liquid – Liquid/liquid  No moving parts, very reliable  Many liner options to suit processes

– Hard metal – Elastomers – Ceramics  Different geometries adjust performance  Single units or clusters

BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

380

Cyclones: Terminology  Underflow: Higher density material which exits via the apex  Overflow: Lower density material which exits via the vortex finder

Overflow Vortex Finder

Head

 Cut point/separation size/D50: The particle size at which 50% of particles exit the underflow of the cyclone  Air core: Air vortex formed in the center of the cyclone, upwards from the apex. Helps with coarse solids separation.  Head: Where feed enters, involute and tangent designs common

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Apex

Underflo w

May 2, 2015

381

Cyclones: Types  Single:

– Some single cyclones have head diameters near 1m

 Cluster:

– A group of smaller cyclones fed from a central header

– Can be individually isolated by valves for maintenance

 Mozley:

– Many small cyclones inside pressure tank – Generate very high g-forces, used for slimes/fines separation

 Heavy media:

– Used in coal prep to separate coal, waste rock, magnetite or ferrosilicon slurry BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

382

Cyclones: Performance  Separation performance affected by:

– Flow rate and feed pressure – Cyclone geometry (diameters, lengths, angles, vortex finder & apex size, etc.)

– Feed properties (viscosity, solids %, liquid %) – Flow split (% to underflow, overflow)  Cyclones should be running at appropriate point on performance curve

– Obtain from cyclone manufacturer or user – Gives relationship between flow, pressure drop, and separation range  Pump should provide smooth, even feed to cyclone

– Proper sump design and residence time is critical – No air coring, islanding in sump

BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

383

Cyclones: Issues  Roping

– Apex becomes choked with material instead of free flow

– Cut size becomes coarser, air core collapses  Surging

– Feed surges (poor sump design, air in line, variable feed density), slurry is not delivered evenly to cyclone

– Shifts in cut point result in incorrect classification

 Excessive solids in overflow

– Changes in vortex finder, operating point needed to correct problem

– Flat particles may not report to underflow despite density BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

384

Circuitos de Molienda (Video)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

385

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Objetivo: Separar las partículas de cobre proveniente de la clasificación mediante un proceso hidrófobo, es decir introduciendo aire en celdas, y haciendo que el cobre (Ni, Mo, Zn, otros) se libere de la solución de agua y se adhiera a las burbujas de aire, logrando que el cobre concentrado flote sobre la solución. Celdas de Flotación

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Columnas de Flotación

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Factor de Espuma:

Es el porcentaje de espuma o del volumen de aire contenido en el total del volumen de una cierta solución proveniente de la flotación y otros procesos. Appication

FF

Copper Rougher  Concentrate

1,5

Copper Cleaner Concentrates

3,0

Molybdenum Rougher Concentrator 2,0 Molybdenum  Concentrates Iron Concentrates

Shearpeller:

Es un diseño exclusivo y patentado por ITT, para el manejo de pulpas con espumas. Se basa en alabes planos, radiales y un gran ojo de succión. Para el bombeo de Espuma sin considerar sus efectos.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

3,0 4,0 to 6,0

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

388

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. FLOTACIÓN DE ESPUMA Con la flotación de espuma la separación se la realiza gracias a la adhesión selectiva de partículas hidrófobas a pequeñas burbujas de gas (aire) que son inyectadas al interior de la pulpa. El conjunto partícula-burbuja asciende a la superficie formando una espuma mineralizada, la cual es removida por medio de paletas giratorias o simplemente por rebalse. Las propiedades superficiales de las partículas y las características del medio pueden ser reguladas con ayuda de reactivos. FLOTACIÓN DE IONES Con ayuda de reactivos de flotación se precipitan los iones y luego éstos son flotados como en el caso de la flotación de espuma.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. La flotación de espuma, es un proceso físico-químico de separación de minerales o compuestos finamente molidos, basados en las propiedades superficiales de los minerales (si son suceptibles a atrapar agua), que hace que un mineral o varios se queden en una fase o pasen a otra. Las propiedades superficiales pueden ser modificadas a voluntad con ayuda de reactivos. El proceso de flotación se basa en las propiedades hidrofílicas e hidrofóbicas de los minerales. Se trata fundamentalmente de un fenómeno de comportamiento de sólidos frente al agua Los metales nativos, sulfuros o especies como el grafito, carbón bituminoso, talco y otros son poco miscibles en agua y se llaman minerales hidrofóbicos. Por otra parte, los sulfatos, carbonatos, fosfatos, etc. Son hidrofílicos es decir son miscibles en agua. El Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mo, Fe, K, fosfatos, usualmente se procesan por flotación por espuma.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. • Es la técnica que más se emplea en la concentración de minerales. • Se basa en la repelencia natural o inducida de los minerales al agua (hidrofobicidad).

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

392

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Principales reactivos usados en la flotación de espuma COLECTOR Compuesto orgánico heteropolar que se absorbe selectivamente sobre la superficie de las partículas, haciendo que estas se vuelvan hidrófobas (aerófilas). Ejemplo: xantatos que se utilizan en la flotación de sulfuros, aceites, ditiofosfatos, sulfonatos de petroleo, otros. Una cantidad excesiva de colector haría que flotarán incluso los materiales no deseados (piritas y rocas) o los sulfuros que deberían flotar en circuitos siguientes. ACTIVADOR Compuesto inorgánico que modifica selectivamente la superficie de las partículas para permitir que el colector se absorba sobre éstas. Ejemplo: sulfato de cobre, que se utiliza en la activación de algunos sulfuros, como la antimonita.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Principales reactivos usados en la flotación de espuma DEPRESOR Compuesto inorgánico que modifica la superficie de las partículas volviéndolas hidrófilas o inhibe la absorción del colector. Ejemplo: sulfato de zinc, usado en la depresión de esfalerita. REGULADOR DE pH Cada sulfuro tiene su propio pH de flotación, donde puede flotar mejor. Esta propiedad varía según el mineral y su procedencia. Los reguladores de pH tienen la misión de dar a cada pulpa el pH más adecuado para una flotación óptima. La respuesta de muchos minerales para el proceso de flotación es a menudo dramáticamente afectada por el pH. Circuitos de flotación se operan usualmente a un rango de pH de 7,5 a 11,5. La cal se utiliza a menudo para elevar el pH de la pulpa y también reducir la flotación de la pirita de hierro. BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Principales reactivos usados en la flotación de espuma

ESPUMANTE Son reactivos tenso activos, que modifican la tensión superficial del agua y que producen una espuma estable. Ejemplo: Aceite de pino. Una espuma consiste de un gas disperso en un líquido en una relación tal que la densidad aparente de la mezcla se aproxima más a la densidad del gas que a la del líquido. Los productos más usados como espumante son: aceite de pino, ácido cresílico.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. Tipos de flotación de espuma FLOTACIÓN DIRECTA La flotación directa es aquella en la que el mineral valioso sale en la espuma y la ganga se queda en el non-float. FLOTACIÓN INVERSA En este tipo de flotación el mineral valioso se queda como non-float y la ganga es la que flota. FLOTACIÓN COLECTIVA Se dice flotación colectiva en el caso de que todos los minerales valiosos y de un solo tipo mineralógico (por ejemplo: sulfuros) salen en la espuma. FLOTACIÓN SELECTIVA O DIFERENCIAL Como su nombre indica la flotación es selectiva, se flota un solo mineral a la vez en cada etapa.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. TAMAÑO DE PARTÍCULA El tamaño de partícula a la que el mineral se muele depende de la naturaleza del mineral. La rutina debe ser lo suficientemente fina para liberar el grano mineral de roca asociada. Flotación de la espuma está generalmente limitada a las fracciones de tamaño entre unos 65 y malla 400. Las partículas mayores de 65 mallas Tyler (210 micras) son difíciles para la burbuja de aire la pueda levantar mientras que las partículas más pequeñas que 400 mallas (37 micras) a menudo no se adherirán a la burbuja de aire.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

397

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

Propiedad hidrofílica e hidrofóbica de los minerales

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

399

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

400

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. CELDA DE FLOTACIÓN PULPA DE MINERAL PULPA DE CONCENTRADO DE COBRE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

PULPA DE MATERIAL ESTÉRIL

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3.

HIDRAULICA BASICA

5/2/2015

402

Flotación – Servicio Clase 2/3. CONCENTRADO DE COBRE

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Thickeners Servicio Clase 3  Up to 180m diameter  Steel or concrete construction  Uses gravity to separate solids with SG > liquid SG from liquid – Solids sink to bottom (underflow)

– Liquids rise to top (overflow)  Includes motorized rake to prevent solids packing  Discharge slurry may have >80% solids (Cw) BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

404

Thickened tailings pump applications (Service Class 3)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

ESPESAMIENTO Y CLARIFICACION Objetivo: Espesar los concentrados y recuperar el agua del producto. Por otro el relaves tiene la misión de: concentrar el relaves llevándolo de 35% cw a 55 cw, y recuperando agua lo más limpia posible. Espesador: Su función es concentrar un producto sin importar el remanente. Ej: Espesadores de relaves en pasta. Clarificador: Su función es sobre el overflow, dejarlo lo más limpio posible. Generalmente se colocan antes de los espesadores.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

Thickeners: Terminology  Sedimentation: Processes used to gravitationally separate solids and liquids of different SGs  Rake or agitator: Arm that stirs the thickened solids to prevent underflow choking  Clarifier: Light duty thickeners designed for lower solids content (often used in wastewater applications)  Flocculant: Chemical agent added to slurry to cause solids to form loose clumps (flocs)  Mudline: Interface between settled solids and clear liquid  Rake lift: Device to lift the rake when it comes into contact with settled solids – Reduces rake arm drive force, prevents arm drive damage BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

407

Thickeners: Types  Standard

– Bridge/beam (central drive) – Traction drive – Cable drive – Column – Caisson  Tray/multilevel

– Less floor space  High capacity

– Injects slurry directly to bed  Deep cone

– Used in some paste applications – May be rakeless BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

408

Flow Circuit Mineral Processing – Filter Feed (Class 2/3)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

May 2, 2015

409

ESQUEMA DE UNA PLANTA DE SULFUROS

BOMBAS DE LODOS

SRL – S Flotación - Antamina (10 Bombas)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

411

5500 HP En Serie Tailings - Minera Fortuna Silver (06 Bombas)

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

412

5500S Underflow Clarificadores – Pierina (02 Bombas)

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

413

5500S Underflow Clarificadores – Cajamarquilla (02 Bombas)

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

414

5500 Alimentación a Filtro – Cajamarquilla (03 Bombas)

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

415

SRL En Serie Tailings – Quiruvilca (03 Bombas)

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

416

SRL Flotacion – Cajamarquilla (10 Bombas)

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

417

Ball Mill Discharge Mines Selbais – Quebec

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

418

Materiales 8.1

Bombas Metálicas vs Rubber.

8.2

Materiales Metálicos.

8.3

Materiales No Metálicos.

BOMBA DE LODOS

5/2/2015

419

Goulds Alloy 1228 - 25% Cr  ASTM A532 Class III Type A  Medium carbon-high chrome hypo-eutectic abrasion resistant iron.  Primary M7C3 type carbides in a hardened martensitic matrix.  Designed for severe erosive slurry services. BOMBAS DE LODOS

420

Goulds Alloy 1228 - 25% Cr  Higher magnification shows primary M7C3 carbides supported in tempered martensitic matrix.  Extensive secondary carbides are precipitated throughout the matrix as needles or rods of carbide for best wear resistance.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

421

Goulds Alloy 1228 - 25% Cr

 Note primary carbides supported in tempered martensitic matrix.  Note secondary carbides precipitated throughout the matrix in form of rods or needles.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

422

Goulds Alloy 1269 LC -30% Cr

 Lower carbon- higher chrome hypo-eutectic iron of reduced carbides in mixed matrix of austenite/martensite.  More chrome in matrix improves erosion and corrosion resistance in services that are more corrosive than abrasive.

BOMBAS DE LODOS

423

Goulds Alloy 1650 HC -35% Cr  Ferritic irons develop with very high chrome levels, offering superior erosioncorrosion resistance.  Designed for erosive slurry services that are also highly corrosive.  Matrix is ferritic with spheroidized carbides distributed uniformly for superior corrosion and erosion resistance. BOMBAS DE LODOS

424

Goulds 1216 CD-4MCuN  ASTM A890 Grade CD4MCuN

 Duplex stainless consists of isolated pools of austenite in a ferrite matrix.  Typical Brinell hardness of 220-270 HB. Can be age hardened to 325 HB.  Used in erosive/corrosive chemical services. BOMBAS DE LODOS

425

Material Application Guidelines

Alloy Type

Brinell Hardness

pH

Application

25% Chrome Iron

550-650

4.5-12

Heavy slurry,  15% hard solids Mild-Corrosive; Highly Abrasive Best Abrasion Resistance

450-550

4-12.5

Heavy slurry,  15% hard solids More-Corrosive; Less-Erosive Better Corrosion Resistance and Toughness – Low Carbon

450-550

2-13

Heavy slurry,  15% hard solids More-Corrosive; Erosive services Superior Erosion-Corrosion

(1228) Martensitic ASTM A532 Class III Type A

30% Chrome Iron (1269) Mix Aust-Mart No ASTM

35% Chrome Iron (1650) Ferritic No ASTM

BOMBAS DE LODOS

426

Material Application Guidelines

BOMBAS DE LODOS

5/2/2015

427

Application – Elastomer Selection Hardness

Elastomer Type

Durometer

Maximum

Shore A

Resistance to

pH

Temperature

Min.

Max.

Abrasion

Moderate Chemicals

Hydrocarbons

& Oils

Natural Rubber

40

154 oF

68 oC

4.5

12

E

G(1)

P

Natural Rubber (Soft)

36

150 oF

66 oC

4.5

12

E

G(1)

P

Natural Rubber (Hard)

50

180 oF

82 oC

4.5

12

E

G(1)

P

Neoprene

60

212 oF

100 oC

3.0

12

G

G(1)

G

Nitrile (60)

60

220 oF

105 oC

3.5

12

G

G(1)

E

Chlorobutyl

50

250 oF

121 oC

1.0

12

G

E

P

Hypalon®

55

230 oF

110 oC