BODYCOMBAT 67 Choreogrpahy BookletFR
December 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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ncmutjs shmt spãocstqujs é ojttj Mhtjz _TY7 ljs dhrnfts ?9 jt ;: ncmutjs ãkctchm. Kfms lj dutur qufmk vhus ncxjrjz ncxjrj z jm utclcsfmt kcddãrjmtjs ãkctchms, ãkctch ms, utclcsjz svp ljs dhrnfts stfmkfrkcsãs prãsjmtãs prãsjmtãs kfms lf sjotchm ãkuoftcvj ãkuoftc vj kãkcãj fux cmstruotjurs sur www.ljsnclls.ohn sur www.ljsnclls.ohn
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Yrhprcãtã Cmtjlljotujllj Ljs supphrts kjs cmstruotjurs Ljs Nclls (OKs, KTKs jt sorcpts) shmt kjs supphrts umcqujs, kj `rfmkj vfljur quc vhus shmt dhurmcjs é vhus jm tfmt qu–cmstruotjur Ljs Nclls ojrtcdcã fdcm kj vhus pjrnjttrj k–fpprjmkrj oefquj mhuvjllj ãkctchm jt ojoc sjuljnjmt kfms kjs oluas lcojmocãs Ljs Nclls. Mj pfrtf`jz pfs ojs supphrts. Lf ohpcj qujllj qu–jllj shct hu lf ncsj jm lc`mj kjs dcoecjrs sur cmtjrmjt hu lf rjvjmtj kjs supphrts Ljs Nclls é kjs tcjrs jst cllã`fl, ohmstctuj umj jsorhqujrcj jmvjrs Ljs Nclls, sjs kcstrcautjurs jt ljs futrjs cmstruotjurs. _c vhus çtjs jm`f`ã kfms umj kj ojs fotcvctãs cllã`fljs, ljs ohmsãqujmojs phur vhus pjrshmmjlljnjmt pjr shmmjlljnjmt pjuvjmt çtrj trås sãrcjusjs, jt pjuvjmt ohnprjmkrj umj fotchm jm gustcoj, lf suspjmschm hu l–fmmulftchm pjrnfmjmtj kj vhtrj ojrtcdcoftchm oj rtcdcoftchm Ljs Nclls ojrtcdcoftchm. Thtrj ohhpãrftchm jst dhrtjnjmt fpprãocãj. AHKSOHNAF[ 40
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Kj @ é K7 Nfyf Qjnc (_efkhw), Fljx Tjrjt, _ylvcj Lhm` (_efkhw), Kfm Ohejm, Qfoefjl Mjwsefn, Ncoejllj Mcoehlls (_efkhw), Kfvj Orhcsã, Nftt Nhllhy (_efkhw) _fms fuoum khutj, o'jst l'umj kjs ãkctchms kj AHKSOHNAF AHKSOHNAF[[ ljs plus nãnhrfaljs gusqu'coc ‟ pjrnjttfmt kj lcaãrjr mhtrj `ujrrcjr cmtãrcjur jt k'fkfptjr oefquj pfrtcj kj ojt jmtrfímjnjmt phur qu'jllj ohrrjsphmkj é thut lj nhmkj. Ojttj ãkctchm prhuvj quj ljs Frts Nfrtcfux rãvåljmt lj njclljur kj oefoum k'jmtrj mhus, qu'cls ohnnjmojmt trfmquclljnjmt hu qu'cl rjphussj sjs lcnctjs ‟ phur ãlcncmjr thut strjss rjdhulã. Jmkurfmoj, vctjssj jt pucssfmoj ghujmt thutjs um rûlj jssjmtcjl kfms oj AHKSOHNAF[ Jkctchm 40. K'umj nfmcårj hu k'umj futrj, ohnacmjr lj trfvfcl fu shl fvjo 661 bcobs fu thtfl `ãmårj kfvfmtf`j kj dum quj kj khuljur, jt é mhtrj fvcs o'jst kj lf nf`cj.
ljs nusoljs ku khs. Yrjmkrj lj tjnps kj pfrdfcrj ljs ohnacmfcshms jst um dhous olã kfms ojt jmtrfímjnjmt2 tjstjr lf ohhrkcmftchm orhcsãj jst umj kjs dhrnjs ljs plus ohurfmtjs k'jmtrfímjnjmt jm Frts Nfrtcfux. Dclnã sur umj cnnjmsj soåmj é _thobehln, jm _uåkj, fvjo plus kj 1999 `ujrrcjrs quc s'jmtrfímfcjmt, f vrfcnjmt ãtã mhtrj orc kj `ujrrj! Qjstjz vrfcs jt ohmtcmujz lj ohnaft! Kfm & Qfoe
Ljs shms nfrtjlfmts ku Nhrojfu : vhmt dfcrj nhmtjr lf drãqujmoj ofrkcfquj jt dfcrj orcjr ljs halcqujs, ljs ãpfuljs jt
AHKSOHNAF[ Yrjsjmtjrs Kfm Ohejm ( Mhuvjllj Mhuvjllj Wãlfmkj) jst oh-Kcrjotjur kjs prh`rfnnjs AHKSOHNA F[ jt OUPHQU, prh`rfnnjs OUPH QU, Nfstjr [rfcmjr [rfcmjr Cmtjrmftchmfl jm AHKSYZNY. Cl prftcquj ã`fljnjmt ljs frts nfrtcfux fvjo pfsschm jt trfvfcllj é Fuoblfmk.
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Tjrjtt (Drfmoj) jst Cmstruotjur Cmst ruotjur jt [rfcmjr Fljx Tjrj AHKSOHNAF[, AHKSYZNY, OUPHQU jt QYN, Ohfoe jt [rfcmjr jt [rfcmjr [rfcmjr LJ_ NCLL_ N CLL_ @QC[ @QC [ _jrcjs. Cl trfvfcllj é Yfrcs, hó cl jst ã`fljnjmt [rfcmcm` [rfcmcm` Nfmf`jr Ljs Nclls jt Olua Ohfoe. Kfvj Orhcsã (Qhyfunj(Qhyfunj-Zmc) Zmc) jst Cmstruotjur Cmstruo tjur jt [rfcmjr [rfcmjr AHKSOHNAF[ jt OUPHQU, Ohfoe jt [rfcmjr LJ_ NCLL_ @QC[ @Q C[ _jrcjs, jt Cmstruotjur Cmstruotjur AHKSYZNY jt QYN. Cljttrfvfcllj é Kukljy, hó cl jst ã`fljnjmt pjrshmfl trfcmjr rjsphmsfalj kjs ohurs ohlljotcds.
© [hus krhcts krhcts rãsjrvãs. Fuoumj pfrtcj kj oj sorcpt mj pjut çtrj utclcsãj, sthobãj hu rjprhkuctj sfms lf pjrncsschm prãflfalj ãorctj kj Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Lcnctjk. [hutjs ljs kjnfmkjs jt ljs rjquçtjs ohmojrmfmt lf rjprhkuotchm jt ljs krhcts khcvjmt çtrj fkrjssãjs é Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Lcnctjk , 11 Ojmtrj _trjjt, Drjjnfms
Afy, Fuoblfmk, Mjw Wjflfmk, YH Ahx 366?0, Tcothrcf _trjjt Pjst, Fuoblfmk 66;1. [ãlãpehmj [ãlãpehmj +4; (3) ?44-3399.
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
AHKSYZNY AHKSYZNY & LF _FM[J KJ_ H_ _jlhm ljs prãvcschms, k'coc 1919,6; ncllchms l'hstãhphrhsj thuoejrf jmvcrhm kj pjrshmmjs kj plus kj :9 fms. ;0 futrjs ncllchms phurrfcjmt shuddrcr k'umj afcssj kj nfssj hssjusj.
Yhurquhc s'jm cmqucãtjr8 Zmj dfcalj kjmsctã hssjusj pjut çtrj kãvfstftrcoj fvjo l'á`j. Ljs drfoturjs kj efmoej shmt drãqujmtjs oejz ljs pjrshmmjs á`ãjs shuddrfmt k'hstãhphrhsj. _jlhm ljs stftcstcqujs, umj pjrshmmj sur ocmq kj plus kj :9 fms nhurrf kfms l'fmmãj sucvfmt umj drfoturj kj efmoej, efmoej, jt nhcms k'umj sur trhcs rjtrhuvjrf shm mcvjfu mhrnfl kj nhaclctã. Lf pjrtj kj kjmsctã hssjusj pjut kãnfrrjr kås ?: fms jt, fprås ;9 fms, lj kãolcm s'fooãlårj. Cl jst khmo vctfl kj ohmstrucrj umj nfssj hssjusj fvfmt oj rfpckj kãolcm jt kj lf ohmsjrvjr qufmk hm fvfmoj jm á`j. Lf nusoulftchm jst cmkcquãj phur ohmsjrvjr jt foorhítrj lf nfssj h ssjusj. Kjpucslhurkjs thughurs, hm ohmsjcllj kj ljvjrhssjusj. kjs oefr`js sur kjs sãrcjs ohurtjs. Oj typj k'jmtrfímjnjmt f dfct sjs prjuvjs, nfcs cl m'jst pfs dhroãnjmt fkfptã é ojrtfcmjs phpulftchms. Ljvjr kjs oefr`js trås lhurkjs pjut rjautjr ljs djnnjs, ljs fkultjs á`ãs jt ljs pjrshmmjs cmjxpãrcnjmtãjs2 l'cmtjmsctã rjqucsj pjut çtrj ehrs kj phrtãj kj ljurs ofpfoctãs peyscqujs. Hm sfct quj AHKSYZNY Ljs Nclls fttcrj ãmhrnãnjmt kj djnnjs jt kj pfrtcocpfmts á`ãs. Oj prh`rfnnj jst pjràu ohnnj ãtfmt plus foojsscalj jt nhcms cmtcnckfmt quj lj nhkålj trfkctchmmjl "oefr`js lhurkjs/sãrcjs
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
ohurtjs". [hutjdhcs, [hutjdhcs, gusqu'é prãsjmt, hm m'fvfct fuoumj prjuvj kjs jddjts ku AHKSYZNY sur lf kjmsctã hssjusj. Kj prãoãkjmtjs ãtukjs khmmfcjmt kjs rãsultfts ohmtrfkcothcrjs qufmt é sfvhcr sc kjs oefr`js lã`årjs jt sãrcjs lhm`ujs phuvfcjmt foorhítrj lf kjmsctã hssjusj. Oj nfmquj kj ohmsjmsus mhus f ohmkuct é njmjr umj ãtukj phur kãohuvrcr qujls jddjts AHKSYZNY phuvfct fvhcr é oj prhphs.
19 fkultjs hmt pfrtcocpã é umj ãtukj kj 10 sjnfcmjs fu DC[HLH@S @rhup Dctmjss _tukch. Cls durjmt rãpfrtcs jm 1 `rhupjs ‟ trfvfcl kj rjmdhrojnjmt kj l'jmsjnalj ku ohrps hu rjmdhrojnjmt ku ojmtrj ku ohrps. Ljs pfrtcocpfmts ãtfcjmt á`ãs kj 15 é 4? fms, ojrtfcms shuddrfcjmt k'hstãhpãmcj jt k'futrjs ãtfcjmt kjs djnnjs nãmhpfusãjs. Kjux phpulftchms quc tcrjrfcjmt lj plus kj aãmãstojs k'um foorhcssjnjmt kj ljur kjmsctã hssjusj. Lj `rhupj 6 sucvct kjs ohurs AHKSYZNY AHKSYZNY,, lj `rhupj 1 kjs ohurs AHKSAFLFMOJ, jt ljs kjux `rhupjs kjs ohurs QYN. Ljs rãsultfts durjmt surprjmfmts. Ljs pfrtcocpfmts ku `rhupj AHKSYZNY vcrjmt lf kjmsctã hssjusj kj ljurs arfs s'foorhítrj kj ;%, kjs gfnajs kj 5%, ku afsscm kj 0% jt kj lf ohlhmmj kj ?%. Ylus cnprjsschmmfmt, lj `fcm kj dhroj jm squft ku `rhupj AHKSYZNY ãtfct 1:,?% plus cnphrtfmt quj ojluc ku `rhupj "ojmtrj ku ohrps". Jt oj `fcm kj dhroj ãtfct kcrjotjnjmt lcã fu `fcm kj kjmsctã hssjusj. Futrjnjmt kct, foorhítrj sjs pjrdhrnfmojs jm squft foorhít thut scnpljnjmt lf kjmsctã hssjusj.
Futrj fnãlchrftchm cnphrtfmtj7 um foorhcssjnjmt kj lf kjmsctã hssjusj ku afsscm. Fnãlchrjr lf kjmsctã hssjusj ku afsscm jt kjs gfnajs jst jxtrçnjnjmt cnphrtfmt kfms lf prãvjmtchm kjs drfoturjs kj efmoej. Zm kjs fthuts ku AHKSYZNY jst qu'cl jst trås foojsscalj fux pjrshmmjs phuvfmt shuddrcr k'umj dfcalj kjmsctã hssjusj, oj quc cmolut ljs djnnjs, ljs fkultjs á`ãs jt ljs pjrshmmjs pju jmtrfímãjs. Lf oefr`j lã`årj jt lj oehcx kj ojttj oefr`j rjnphrtjmt plus k'fkeãschm quj ljs nãtehkjs fvjo oefr`js lhurkjs. Mhs pfrtcocpfmts fvjo hstãhpãmcj hmt fooru lf kjmsctã hssjusj kj ljurs efmoejs jt afsscm kj 13%, jt ljs djnnjs nãmhpfusãjs kj 11% fu nçnj jmkrhct. Ljs rãsultfts kj ojttj ãtukj nhmtrjmt olfcrjnjmt qu'um prh`rfnnj "oefr`js lã`årjs/ sãrcjs lhm`ujs" foorhít jdstofojnjmt lf kjmsctã hssjusj. AHKSYZNY jst khmo lj prh`rfnnj pfrdfct phur rjstjr jm dhrnj, dhrt jt jm pljcmj sfmtã nfl`rã l'á`j. Yhur plus k'cmdhrnftchms, rjmkjz-vhus sur ettp7//www.ncmjrvfnjkcof.ct/jm/ghurmfls/ sphrts-njk-peyscofl-sttmjss/frtcolj. pep8ohk>Q;9S3333M99F6:96::
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
F TH_ NCU_! Lj sfvcjz-vhus8 Jm ncxfmt ljs ãkctchms, hm nhkcstj sjmscaljnjmt lj mhnarj kj oflhrcjs aròlãjs.
Fpprjmjz é ohmmfítrj TH_ pfrtcocpfmts. Ljs kãautfmts hmt ajshcm kj plus kj tjnps phur sj dfnclcfrcsjr fvjo oefquj jxjrocoj. Thus-nçnj,
Thus lj sfvjz, vhus kjvjz jmsjc`mjr thutj mhuvjllj ãkctchm kfms shm dhrnft hrc`cmfl pjmkfmt fu nhcms kjux sjnfcmjs fprås shm lfmojnjmt7 ojlf pjrnjt fux `jms kj nfítrcsjr ljs mhuvjfux jxjrocojs jt kj sj dfnclcfrcsjr fvjo lf mhuvjllj oehrã`rfpecj. O–jst fussc lj nhyjm kj orãjr um lcjm jmtrj ljs cmstruotjurs jt ljs pfrtcocpfmts ku nhmkj jmtcjr pucsqu–hm vct thus ojttj dfauljusj fvjmturj fu nçnj nhnjmt.
phur um ohurs kj quflctã, vhus fvjz ajshcmkãlcvrjr k–um ojrtfcm tjnps phur çtrj é l–fcsj fvjo lf oehrã`rfpecj.
Vuj sc`mcstj “jmsjc`mjr trhp lhm`tjnps„ umj nçnj ãkctchm8 Khct-hm [HZGHZQ_ [HZGHZQ_ prhphsjr kjs ncxs8 Yhur rãphmkrj é ojs qujstchms, mhus fvhms njmã umj ãtukj7 mhus fvhms rjljvã lf kãpjmsj oflhrcquj jt njsurã ljs rãsultfts sur trhcs mhuvjlljs ãkctchms jt 6 999 sãfmojs. Oefquj cmkcvcku sucvfct : ohurs ejakhnfkfcrjs7 ? ohurs pfrnc mhs prh`rfnnjs ofrkch, plus 1 ohurs kj AHKSYZNY. É sf prjncårj pfrtcocpftchm pfrtcocpftchm é um mhuvjfu ohurs, um cmkcvcku kãpjmsj lã`årjnjmt nhcms kjrã`ulcårjnjmt. oflhrcjs quj kfms o hurs qu–cl ohurs Ljs ljs pfrtcocpfmts prftcquj sj kcsjmt nhcms é l–fcsj fvjo kjs jxjrocojs qu–cls kãohuvrjmt. kãoh uvrjmt. [hutjdhcs, [hutjdhcs, kås lf kjuxcånj sãfmoj, ljur kãpjmsj oflhrcquj fdstoej um tfux ohnpfrfalj é ojluc hasjrvã kfms ljs futrjs ohurs. Nflejurjusjnjmt, jm `frkfmt ljs nçnjs nhrojfux fu-kjlé kj ? é : ohurs, lf kãpjmsj oflhrcquj kcncmuj pucs stf`mj jm-kjàé kj lf mhrnflj. Zmj jmquçtj phst-ohurs f rãvãlã quj ljs pfrtcocpfmts trhuvjmt lj ohurs nhcms stcnulfmt jt cmtãrjssfmt2 cls sfvjmt oj quc ljs fttjmk jt fpprjmmjmt é ãohmhncsjr ljur ãmjr`cj. Arjd, cls trcoejmt! AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Fu rj`frk kj ojttj ãtukj sur lf kãpjmsj oflhrcquj, vhcoc qujlqujs ohmsjcls quj vhus phuvjz fpplcqujr kfms vhtrj sfllj.
Ckãfljnjmt, ohnacjm kj nhrojfux oefm`jr pfr sjnfcmj8 • O–jst jm QYN jt AHKSYZNY qu–hm oefm`j lj plus. _c vhs pfrtcocpfmts shmt rã`ulcjrs, oefm`jz 4 é 5 nhrojfux pfr sjnfcmj fstm k–hptcncsjr ljur kãpjmsj ãmjr`ãtcquj. • Jm AHKSF[[FOB , AHKSOHNAF[ jt _E–AFN, oefm`jz ? é : nhrojfux pfr sjnfcmj. • Jm AHKS_[JY, AHKSTCTJ, OUPHQU jt AHKSAFLFMOJ, rjnplfojz 1 é ; nhrojfux pfr sjnfcmj. LJ_ NCLL_ @QC[ _jrcjs prãsjmtfmt kjs spãocstoctãs é oefquj ãkctchm, rãdãrjz-vhus é vhtrj sorcpt. Vufmk vhus kjs ãkctchms, cl jst cnphrtfmt kjncxjz sãljotchmmjr gukcocjusjnjmt vhs oefmshms. Jm AHKSOHNAF[, AHKSGFN hu AHKSAFLFMOJ, hm cmtrhkuct shuvjmt kjs sãqujmojs kj nhuvjnjmts quc shmt jmsuctj rjprcsjs jt pjfustmãjs thut fu lhm` kj l–ãkctchm. Ojs ohmsjcls mj shmt khmo pfs fpplcofaljs é oefquj ãkctchm. Jt acjm sòr, tjmjz ohnptj ku mhna mhnarj rj kj oefmshms quj vhus çtjs vhus-nçnj ofpfalj kj oefm`jr oefquj sjnfcmj ofr vhtrj prchrctã rjstj k–jmsjc`mjr lf oehrã`rfpecj kj dfàhm olfcrj jt nhtcvfmtj. Yhur stmcr, stmcr, pjmsjz é dfcrj vcvrj fux `jms ljur njclljurj jxpãrcjmoj sttmjss é oefquj ohurs… qu–jm pjmsjz-vhus8 É vhs ncxs!
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
AHKSOHNAF[7 AHKSOHNAF[7 OHMMJUCHM & YJQDHQNFMOJ Mhus sfvhms quj AHKSOHNAF[ pjut çtrj um pju cmtcnckfmt phur vhs kãautfmts.
Jm tfmt qu'cmstruotjur qu' cmstruotjur,, o'jst mhtrj trfvfcl kj ohmsckãrjr oefquj mhuvjfu pfrtcocpfmt fvjo Qjspjot jt Fttjmtchm, jm luc nhmtrfmt qu'cl f kj lf Tfljur qufmk cl vcjmt sucvrj mhs ohurs. Mhus kjvhms dfcrj jm shrtj qu'cl qucttj lj ohurs fvjo lf sjmsftchm k'çtrj é sf plfoj kfms ojt oj t
jmtrfímjnjmt. Mhus fvhms dfct ojrtfcms oefm`jnjmts kfms lf dhrnftchm cmctcflj jm nftcårj kj Ohmmjxchm jt Yjrdhrnfmoj. Jt vhcoc thut oj quj vhus kjvjz sfvhcr phur `frkjr kjs ohurs rjnplcs! Ztclcsjz ojs ocmq hutcls scnpljs phur ljvjr thutjs ljs cmecactchms hu pjurs quj phurrfcjmt rjssjmtcr ljs mhuvjfux pfrtcocpfmts7 6. Yrãsjmtjz-vhus olfcrjnjmt jt dfctjs umj kjsorcptchm ohurs. phurquhc clsku shmt lé…Kctjs fux pfrtcocpfmts 1. Ztclcsjz _NFQ[_[FQ[. Kctjs-ljur qu'cls pjuvjmt pfrtcr fprås qujlqujs nhrojfux s'cls shmt kãautfmts, phur prjmkrj ohmstfmoj jt kãvjlhppjr ljur ohmkctchm peyscquj prh`rjsscvjnjmt. ?. _c vhus fvjz lj tjnps, fghutjz um ohurt coj-arjfbjr7 qujlquj oehsj é vhtrj sugjt quc djrf shurcrj ljs `jms jt ljs fckjrf é sj kãtjmkrj. ;. Yrhphsjz kjs hptchms fstm qu'cls pucssjmt fkfptjr ljur jmtrfímjnjmt. Yrhphsjr kjs oehcx jst jssjmtcjl é lf nhtcvftchm jt phur rãkucrj ljs cmecactchms. Qjmkjz ojs hptchms ohhl! Mj kctjs pfs “_c vhus vhuljz prjmkrj lf vjrschm dfoclj„, nfcs plutût7 “Thcoc umj AHKSOHNAF[ 40
fltjrmftcvj sc vhus jm fvjz ajshcm phur l'cmstfmt„. :. Nhmtrjz kj l'jmtehuscfsnj! Zm sc`mj kj tçtj rfssurfmt hu um shurcrj pjuvjmt sudstrj é um kãautfmt phur luc khmmjr jmvcj kj rjvjmcr lf sjnfcmj sucvfmtj. Khmmjz kj lf vfljur é vhs pfrtcocpfmts, é oefquj dhcs qu'cls jmtrjmt kfms vhtrj ohurs. Vufmk mhus fvhms lf sjmsftchm k'fppfrtjmcr é qujlquj oehsj, jt quj o'jst lj ofs, flhrs mhus mhus ohmmjothms plus dfocljnjmt é l'jxpãrcjmoj. • Yrjmjz lj tjnps kj vhus shuvjmcr kjs prãmhns jt kjs cmdhrnftchms sur vhs pfrtcocpfmts. Vujls shmt ljurs ojmtrjs k'cmtãrçt8 Vujlljs oefmshms fcnjmt-cls8 Kfms qujl hagjotcd s'jmtrfímjmt-cls8 • Yjmkfmt lj ohurs, trhuvjz lj tjnps kj Qj`frkjr, kj Thcr jt kj Qãf`cr. Yrjmjz lj tjnps kj vrfcnjmt rj`frkjr qujlqu'um, kj vhcr oj qu'cl jst jmvhus trfcmflljz kj dfcrj, jt um oehcscssjz ohnnjmt luc dfcrj djjkafob quc luc khmmj kj lf vfljur. vfljur. F-t-cl ajshcm k'umj rãphmsj jmohurf`jfmtj, rfssurfmtj8 Kj shutcjm8 Kj oeflljm`j8 • M'hualcjz pfs, o'jst vhtrj vhtrj trfvfcl trfvfcl k'fckjr vhs olcjmts é sj sjmtcr nhcms vulmãrfaljs jt kj dfcrj jm shrtj qu'cls fcjmt um sjmtcnjmt k'foohnplcssjnjmt jt k'fppfrtjmfmoj.
Lf Yjrdhrnfmoj (fmocjmmjnjmt ―Dctmjss Nf`co–) ohnptj nfcmtjmfmt trhcs ãlãnjmts7 6. _j láoejr 1. Ztclcsjr lf nuscquj ?. Lcaãrjr lj `rhupj
Lf Yjrdhrnfmoj jst oj quc dfct pfssjr lj ohurs k'um "scnplj jmtrfímjnjmt kj plus" é umj mhuvjllj jxpãrcjmoj dfcsfmt shrtcr vhs pfrtcocpfmts kj ljur quhtckcjm phur ljur dfcrj vcvrj qujlquj oehsj kj spãocfl jt k'jxoctfmt. Ojoc jst lf olã phur vrfcnjmt foorhoejr ljs `jms jm AHKSOHNAF[. AHKSOHNAF[. Yhur orãjr umj vãrctfalj Yjrdhrnfmoj, vhus kjvjz pucsjr kfms lf njclljurj vjrschm kj vhus-nçnj. Ojlf sc`mcstj vhus lcaãrjr, oj quc lfcssj lf plfoj fux futrjs phur qu'cls sj lcaårjmt é ljur thur, jt l'um mj vf pfs sfms l'futrj. Yhur jmtrjr kfms lf zhmj k'jmtrfímjnjmt, pjmsjz é um nhnjmt hó vhus vhus çtjs vrfcnjmt sjmtc cmspcrã jt pljcm kj pucssfmoj. Vufmk vhus jmsjc`mjz fcmsc, fvjo ojttj sjmsftchm kj prcsj kj pucssfmoj, flhrs vhus çtjs ofpfalj kj vhus láoejr.
Lf pefsj sucvfmtj phur orãjr lf Yjrdhrnfmoj ohmscstj é jmsjc`mjr fvjo lf nuscquj7 Ckjmtcstjz nhnjmts nhnjmts kj lf nuscquj. nuscquj •• Orãjz kjljs lf plfoj phurHZFE lf nuscquj jm mj . pfrlfmt pfs trhp. • Oefmtjz ljs pfrhljs ‟ surthut ojlljs quc dhmt nhmtjr l'fnacfmoj jt quc dhmt ãoeh oejz vhs pfrtcocpfmts. • Ztclcsjz lf nuscquj phur phsjr vhs ohmsc`mjs fu ahm nhnjmt. • Yrãpfrjz-vhus é ãohutjr lf nuscquj jmohrj jt jmohrj… • FQQÇ[JW KJ YFQLJQ! Zmj kjs pefsjs olãs phur pjrnjttrj é mhs olcjmts kj sj láoejr jst kj ljs lfcssjr sj rjtrhuvjr kfms lf nuscquj, khmo fssurjz-vhus kj luc lfcssjr kj lf plfoj.
Jmstm, lcaãrjz vhtrj `rhupj jm utclcsfmt kjs nhuvjnjmts jt jxprjsschms quc cmspcrjrhmt vhtrj `rhupj é sj láoejr. láoejr. Mhs nhuvjnjmts khcvjmt çtrj `rfmks jt khcvjmt rjfiãtjr ljs quftrj typjs k'Frts Nfrtcfux7 • Jm Bfrftã mhs nhuvjnjmts nhuvjnjmts shmt rc`ckjs, lf phsturj jst krhctj, mhus shnnjs fmorãs kfms lj shl jt mhs nhuvjnjmts hmt um kãaut jt umj stm olfcrs, jt mhus utclcshms lj Bcfe. • Jm Ofphjcrf mhus ahu`jhms ohnnj kjs forhaftjs ‟ fvjo kjs nhuvjnjmts ocroulfcrjs, fiuckjs jt lftãrfux. Lf Ofphjcrf ofoej umj pfrtcj ohnaft, umj pfrtcj gju jt umj pfrtcj kfmsj. • Jm [fj Bwhm Kh mhus ahu`jhms fvjo vctjssj jt fifnahyfmoj. • Jm Bcob-ahxcm` lf olã jst k'fvhcr umj fttctukj phsctcvj. Jmstm, utclcshms jxprjsschms mhtrj vcsf`jmhus jt mhtrj vhcxljs phur fghutjr umkjoûtã plus spjotfoulfcrj é mhtrj Yjrdhrnfmoj. Khmo nfcmtjmfmt vhus çtjs é ghur! • Orãjz lf ohmmjxchm fvjo oefquj pfrtcocpfmt jm l'fckfmt é rãkucrj sjs pjurs jt jm luc khmmfmt lf sjmsftchm qu'cl f kj lf TFLJZQ é vhs yjux qufmk cl pfrtcocpj é vhs ohurs. • Ztclcsjz ljs ãlãnjmts "sj láoejr, láoejr, utclcsjr lf nuscquj, jt pjrnjttrj fu `rhupj kj sj lcaãrjr" phur orãjr umj Yjrdhrnfmoj pucssfmtj quc djrf rjvjmcr vhs olcjmts sjnfcmj fprås sjnfcmj.
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
YLZ_ QFYCKJ JM
AHKSOHNAF[
Ztclcsjr kjs ohups kj phcm`s jt kj pcjks plus rfpckjs jm AHKSOHNAF[℡ fu`njmtj l'cmtjmsctã. Ylus vhus ahu`jz vctj, plus vhus fotcvjz kj starjs nusoulfcrjs. Oj quc sc`mcstj quj vhus aròljz kfvfmtf`j kj oflhrcjs pjmkfmt lj ohurs jt ‟ é ohmkctchm k'fttjcmkrj ljs zhmjs kj trfvfcl nfxcnfl ‟ fprås lj ohurs (Kjttj k'Hxy`åmj).
LJ _JOQJ[ KJ LF TC[J__J7 LJ QJLFOEJNJM[ Lf olã phur orãjr kj lf vctjssj sur ljs ohups kj phcm`s jt kj pcjks jst lf pefsj kj rjláoejnjmt jmtrj ljs 1 ohmtrfotchms kj lf drfppj. Zmj prãoãkjmtj ãtukj* f nhmtrã qu'cl jxcstj um oyolj ohmtrfotchm-rjláoejnjmt-ohmtrfotchm sur ljs ohups pucssfmts jt rfpckjs ‟ oj quj mhus fppjlhms “umj fotcvftchm é khualj cmctcfl pco„7 kfms 6. Hm hasjrvj um pco k'fotcvctã ljs nusoljs fu kãaut kj lf drfppj, fu nhnjmt hó lj nusolj sj ohmtrfotj phur `ãmãrjr kj lf dhroj 1. _'jmsuct umj pefsj kj rjláoejnjmt phur pjrnjttrj é lf vctjssj ku nhuvjnjmt k'fu`njmtjr ?. Zmj sjohmkj ohmtrfotchm frrcvj fu nhnjmt dcmfl kj lf drfppj (fu nhnjmt kj "l'cnpfot" fvjo l'fkvjrsfcrj)
OHNNJM[ FYYLCVZJQ OJ_ KHMMJJ_ F AHKSOHNAF[℡8 AHKSOHNAF[℡8 Kfms lf sjotchm ãkuoftcvj jm vckãh, vhus phurrjz vhcr quj lj prjncjr `rhs pco fppfrfít sur lj `rfpecquj fu nhnjmt hó Kfm ohmtrfotj sjs nusoljs phur prãpfrjr sf drfppj. Oj pco jst sucvc k'um orjux (quc cmkcquj lj rjláoejnjmt nusoulfcrj) nhmtrfmt khmo nhcms nhcm s k'fotcvctã. F lf kjrmcårj cl ohmtrfotj é mhuvjfu sjs nusoljs fusjohmkj, nhnjmt kj "l'cnpfot". O'jst lf pefsj kj rjláoejnjmt quc pjrnjt fu ohrps kj ahu`jr vctj. Ylus vhus njttjz kj dhroj kfms lj nhuvjnjmt, (um ohup nusolã), plus jm rãflctã vhus ahu`jz ljmtjnjmt. Ojt ãtft kj ohmtrfotchm‟rjláoejnjmt‟ ohmtrfotchm sj rjtrhuvj kfms k'futrjs pfrtcjs ku ohrps ‟ jm pfrtcoulcjr ljs gfnajs jt lj ojmtrj ku ohrps.
*No@cll, _.N., Oefcnajr`, G.K., Drhst, K.N., & Djmwcob, O.N.G. (1969). Jvckjmoj hd f khualj pjfb cm nusolj fotcvftchm th jmefmoj strcbj spjjk fmk dhroj7 Fm jxfnplj wcte jlctj ncxjk nfrtcfl frts dc`etjrs. [ej Ghurmfl hd _trjm`te fmk Ohmkctchmcm` Qjsjfroe , 1;(1), ?;5‟?:0. AHKSOHNAF[ 40
_J YQJYFQJQ F J[QJ QFYCKJ Qãdlãoecsshms é lf kcddãrjmoj jmtrj pucssfmoj jt vctjssj. Yhur rãflcsjr um nhuvjnjmt fvjo umj ãmhrnj YZC__FMOJ7 • Cmspcrjz prhdhmkãnjmt • _jrrjz vhs phcm`s • Ohmtrfotjz ljs nusoljs kj vhs gfnajs • Cnf`cmjz vhtrj ohrps fussc cnnhaclj qu'umj afrrj kj djr • Tcsuflcsjz-vhus peyscqujnjmt jm trfcm kj prhgjtjr umj pucssfmoj ãmhrnj
Jxjnplj7 Yhur jxãoutjr lj Bcob Ocroulfcrj Yucssfmt, vhus kjvjz vhus ohmojmtrjr sur lj dfct kj dfcrj lj plus kj kã`áts phsscaljs. Tcsuflcsjz lj sfonhuvjnjmt, kj drfppj. vhtrj tcacf drfppfmt lj ojmtrj ku Nfcmtjmfmt cnf`cmhms umj drfppj fvjo umj ãmhrnj TC[J__J7 • Qjstjz oflnj • Qjstjz kãtjmku gusqu'é umj drfotchm kj sjohmkj fvfmt kj drfppjr • Cnf`cmjz-vhus drfppjr jt rfnjmjr vhtrj ohup trås rfpckjnjmt ‟ jm vhus dhoflcsfmt sur lj dfct kj ahu`jr kfms lj tjnps jt l'jspfoj fussc vctj quj vhtrj ohrps vhus lj pjrnjt
Jxjnplj7 Yhur rãflcsjr um Bfrftã Yumoe ‟ rjspcrjz, kãtjmkjz-vhus, rjstjz f`clj. Oejroejz é mj njttrj fuoumj tjmschm kfms vhtrj ohrps.
_'JM[QFCMJQ YHZQ Ç[QJ QFYCKJ JM AHKSOHNAF[℡
Thcoc ? hutcls k'jmtrfímjnjmt olãs ol ãs phur fu`njmtjr vhtrj vctjssj7 6. Dhroj 1. ?. [rfvfcl [Yucssfmoj rfvfcl kj Tctjs Tctjssj sj Yurj
Yhur rjmdhrojr lj afs ku ohrps, cl m'y f rcjm kj ncjux quj ljs _qufts jt ljs Djmtjs. Yucs, umj dhcs quj vhus fvjz vhtrj dhroj kj gfnajs kj afsj, cmtã`rjz kjs jxjrocojs phur fnãlchrjr lf pucssfmoj ohnnj kj nultcpljs bcobs pucssfmts sur um sfo kj drfppj. Lf prhoefcmj ãtfpj jst lf vctjssj ‟ jx7 rãflcsjz kj nultcpljs bcobs rfpckjs sur lj sfo. Lj Kãvjlhppã Ohuoeã jst vrfcnjmt jddcofoj phur kãvjlhppjr lf dhrojmhus ku efut ohrps jt oj typj k'jmtrfímjnjmt fckj ku é foquãrcr umj pucssfmoj jxplhscvj. Yhur vrfcnjmt fnãlchrjr vhtrj pucssfmoj, lj njkjocmj afll jst um supjr hutcl7 jssfyjz ljs gjtãs kj njkjocmj afll fu shl hu ohmtrj um nur. nur. Lj kjrmcjr ãlãnjmt jst lf vctjssj. Mhus vhus su``ãrhms7 Yhnpjs Qfpckjs é ½ k'fnplctukj2 Yhnpjs Qfpckjs fvjo ohukjs vjrrhucllãs2 Yhnpjs Ylchnãtrcqujs phur l'jxplhscvctã. Lj [rfvfcl [rfvfcl kj Tctjssj vcsj vc sj é oejroejr oejroej r lf vctjssj é oefquj rãpãtctchm ‟ ãpucsjnjmt nfxcnflj cmtjrkct. Dfctjs kjs sãrcjs trås ohurtjs jt fssurjz-vhus k'çtrj acjm ãoefuddã jt pfs dftc`uã pfr um prãoãkjmt jmtrfímjnjmt.
_huvjmjz-vhus7 Yjmsjz vctj, shyjz jxplhscd, jt kãtjmkjz-vhus qufmk vhus dfctjs ojs ftjlcjrs.
ojttj tj teãhrcj jm Qj`frkjz lf sjotchm ãkuoftcvj jm vckãh phur vhcr ojt fotchm fvjo Kfm jt Qfoejl!
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
L'EC_[HCQJ KJ_
FQ[_ NFQ[CFZU NFQ[CFZU L–EC_[HCQJ KJ LF AHUJ
Lf ahxj jst um sphrt kj ohnaft hó kjux pfrtcocpfmts, `ãmãrfljnjmt kj phcks ã`fl, ohnafttjmt l–um ohmtrj l–futrj fvjo ljurs phcm`s umcqujnjmt. Lj ohnaft jst supjrvcsã pfr um fractrj jt f lcju `ãmãrfljnjmt é l–cmtãrcjur k–um rcm` fvjo kjs rhumks kj 6-? ncmutjs. Cl y f trhcs dfàhms kj `f`mjr 7 6. Cl y f vcothcrj sc l–fkvjrsfcrj jst fu shl jt cmofpfalj kj sj rjljvjr kfms ljs 69 sjohmkjs ohnptãjs pfr l–fractrj 2 hm fppjllj ojlf lj BH. 1. _c l–fkvjrsfcrj jst trhp aljssã phur ohmtcmujr, hm fppjllj ojlf um BH tjoemcquj hu [BH. ?. _c lj ohnaft m–jst pfs frrçtã fvfmt um mhnarj kj rhumk foojptã, um vfcmqujur jst kãsc`mã pfr lf kãocschm kj l–fractrj hu kjs gu`js kj tfalj. Cl y f ; ohups kj phcm`s kj afsj jm ahxj 7 kcrjot, orhcsã krhct, orhoejt, uppjrout.
L–EC_[HCQJ KZ KZ BFQF[Ã Lj Bfrftã jst vcjux kj pluscjurs scåoljs jt jssjmtcjlljnjmt gfphmfcs. Lf trfkuotchm kj “Bfrf„ jst huvjrt jt kj “tj„ jst nfcm. Khmo Bfrftã sc`mcdcj “nfcm huvjrtj„. L–jmtrfímjnjmt bfrftã jst ohnnumãnjmt kcvcsã jm trhcs sjotchms 7 6. Bcehm (ljs dhmkfnjmtfux) 1. BF[F (dhrnjs) ?. Bunctj (ohnaft)
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
L–EC_[HCQJ KZ NZFS [EFC
Hm sj rãdårj é lf Ahxj [efè ohnnj “l–Frt Nfrtcfl kjs Euct Njnarjs„, ofr ljs nfcms, ljs tcacfs, ljs ohukjs jt ljs `jmhux shmt utclcsãs cmtjmscvjnjmt kfms ojt frt. Zm prftcqufmt kj Ahxj [efè (mfb nufy) jst ojluc quc f l–efaclctã é jxãoutjr kjs ohups utclcsfmt ljs 5 “phcmts kj ohmtfot„, jm hpphsctchm fux “1 phcmts„ (phcm`s) jm ahxj hoockjmtflj jt “; phcmts„ (phcm`s, pcjks). Lj Nufy [efè jst lj sphrt mftchmfl jm [efèlfmkj.
L–EC_[HCQJ KZ BZM@ DZ Lj Bum` Du jst ohmstctuã kj pluscjurs styljs kj ohnaft kãvjlhppãs thut fu lhm` kjs scåoljs. O–jst jssjmtcjlljnjmt jssjmtcjlljnjmt um stylj k–frt nfrtcfl oecmhcs, prftcquã pfr ljs nhcmjs _efhlcm. Ojs styljs kj ohnaft shmt ckjmtcdcãs ohnnj dfnclcfux„ hu sohlfcrjs. Yfr jxjnplj, ojrtfcms styljs ncnjmt ljs nhuvjnjmts prhvjmfmt k–fmcnfux. Cl y f : dhrnjs k–fmcnfux 7 6. Lj Krf`hm 1. Lj _jrpjmt ?. Lj [c`rj ;. Lf @ruj :. Lj Lãhpfrk hu lf Yfmteårj
L–EC_[HCQJ [FJ KH Lj [fj Bwhm Kh jst KZ um frt nfrtcflBPHM ohrãjm. Lj nht tfj sc`mcdcj “drfppjr hu ofssjr fvjo lj pcjk„ 2 bwhm sc`mcdcj “drfppjr hu ofssjr fvjo lj phcm`„ 2 jt kh sc`mcdcj “dfàhm„, “nãtehkj„, hu “frt„. Khmo, ―[fj Bwhm Kh– pjut çtrj trfkuct `rhsscårjnjmt pfr “lf dfàhm kj drfppjr fvjo ljs pcjks hu ljs phcm`s–. Lj [fj Bwhm Kh jst um frt nfrtcfl dlfnahyfmt, f`clj, rfpckj jt prãocs 2 39% kj pcjks jt sjuljnjmt 69% kj nfcms.
L–EC_[HCQJ KJ LF L F
OFYHJCQF
Lf Ofphjcrf jst um frt nfrtcfl jssjmtcjlljnjmt arãsclcjm. Cl ohnprjmk ? ãlãnjmts 7 6. Frts Nfrtcfux 1. Gju
dluckjs, kj djcmtjs jt kj ajfuohup kj aflfyf`js, kj ohups kj pcjks jt nçnj kjs ohups kj tçtj.
L–EC_[HCQJ KZ [FC
OEC
Lj [fè Oec jst um Frt Nfrtcfl oecmhcs, shuvjmt prftcquã phur kjs rfcshms kj sfmtã.
Lj [fè Oec pjut çtrj prftcquã phur umj vfrcãtã kj rfcshms pjrshmmjlljs - oj shmt kjs tjoemcqujs k–Frts Nfrtcfux kurjs jt shupljs quc fckjmt jm sjld-kãdjmsj, ohmojmtrftchm jt rjspcrftchm. Kj oj dfct umj nultctukj kj dhrnjs k–jmtrfímjnjmt jxcstj, trfkctchmmjllj jt nhkjrmj. Vujlqujs dhrnjs k–jmtrfímjnjmt kj [fè Oec shmt ohmmujs kjs hoockjmtfux ohnnj ljs jmoefímjnjmts ljmts quj kjs `rhupjs kj pjrshmmjs prftcqujmtjmsjnalj oefquj nftcm kfms ljs pfros futhurs ku nhmkj, pfrtcoulcårjnjmt jm Oecmj.
L–EC_[HCQJ KZ
GCZ-GC[_Z
Lj Gcu-Gctsu trhuvj sjs hrc`cmjs cl y f 1:99 fms jm Cmkj. Cl f ãtã kãvjlhppã pfr ljs nhcmjs ohnnj umj nãtehkj kj sjld-kãdjmsj phur sj prhtã`jr kjs afmkcts kjs `rfmks oejncms. Jm 6363, lj Gcu-Gctsu f ãtã prãsjmtã fu arãsclcjm Eãlch @rfocj, quc f kãvjlhppã ojt frt nfrtcfl phur jm dfcrj oj quj mhus ohmmfcsshms fughurk–euc ku Gcu-Gctsu arãsclcjm. Lj Gcu-Gctsu Arãsclcjm sj dhoflcsj sur ljs sfcscjs jt ljs ohnafts fu shl. Cl kãdjmk lj prcmocpj qu–umj pjrshmmj plus pjtctj, plus dfcalj, pjut s–jm shrtcr dfoj é um fkvjrsfcrj plus `rfmk jt plus dhrt jm utclcsfmt ljs ljvcjrs jt umj tjoemcquj ohrrjotj kurfmt ljs olãs jt ljs ãtrfm`ljnjmts.
?. Kfmsj
Oj quj lj Gcu-Gctsu arãsclcjm vhus fpphrtj fcmsc qu–é vhs pfrtcocpfmts7
Cl dut orãã fu Arãscl pfr ljs jsolfvjs vjmus k–Fdrcquj,pju fprås lj 64ånj scåolj.
6. Oflhrcjs aròlãjs
Ljs pfrtcocpfmts dhrnjmt umj rhkf hu ojrolj, jt ghujmt oefoum oefoum ljur thur thur k–um cmstrunjmt cmstrunjmt (ohnnj (ohnnj lj Ajrcnafu), jm oefmtfmt, hu ohnafttfmt rctujlljnjmt pfr pfcrjs fu ojmtrj ku ojrolj. Lj ohnaft jst ohnphsã kj gjux forhaftcqujs
?. Ylus kj kcsocplcmj kcsocplc mj ;. umj sjld-kãdjmsj
1. Fu`njmtftchm kj lf dhroj
:. Ylus kj ohmdcfmoj
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
6F JOEFZDDJNJM[ KZ EFZ[ KZ OHQY_ DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Ohfoejz ljs Drfppjs jm utclcsfmt lj Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ohmsc`mjs kj Ncsj jm Ylfoj, Drfppj jt Jxãoutchm, qufmk lj tjnph jst ljmt pucs ohmmjotjz-vhus é lf nuscquj jt é vhs pfrtcocpfmts pjmkfmt ljs cmtjrvflljs kj vctjssj kj ?9 sjohmkjs.
Ghujur, Yucssfmt, Qjvc`hrfmt
NZ_CVZJ 979: Cmtrh (Hr`uj) 9790 976? O6 Ljt nj tjll… 9714 Ohmst Flaftrfhz 97;6 Thcx 6795 Cmstr
C `ht ct X (Ycfmh)
6766
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ 1x5 F ;x5 A ;¾x5 O 5x5 K 6x5 6x5 F
676; Ar
(Qytenj ahhn)
67?; 67?4 179? 179;
C–n fm Flaftrfhz
Thcx Cmstr Thcx Cmstr
17?? Cmtrh
(Qytenj dhrt) X tecs cs Flaftrfhz (Qytenj dhrt)
(Hr`uj)
;7:0 Hutrh C–n fm Flaftrfhz
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
4x5 J 6
¾x5 J 5x5 J6 ¾x5 5x5 D
AHUJ
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN
Qjahmk s Fv, Frr Qjahmks Kcrjot @ Orhoejt @ Orhcsã K Kcrjot @, Orhcsã K Arfs jm F @frkj Efutj Qjahmkss Fv, Frr Qjahmk
; 1 1 1 1 1 ; ; 1
Zppjrout @ x1 Zppjrout K x1 Zppjrout @, K Zppjrout @, K @frkj Dfoj Oefssã @ Ocsjfux K, @ x1 Qãpãtjr é K
; ; 1 1 ; ; ; 5
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F th D ‟ é K Mhtj7 _jqujmoj F cs 1¾x5 Arfs jm F ‟ _futjr lfr`j @frkj Efutj
1 1
5x AHU 64x 3x ?1x
;x 4x 1x ?1x
;x
C–n Fm Flaftrfhz = ;7:3 ncms
6F
AHKSOHNAF[ 40 jst rjkhutfalj. Thus y trhuvjrjz pljcm k'hpphrtumctãs kj `ãrjr l'cmtjmsctã jm l'fu`njmtfmt hu jm lf kcncmufmt ‟ oj quc sc`mcdcj quj vhtrj `rhupj sjrf jm sctuftchm kj rãussctj kãs lj kãaut. @frkjz um ohfoecm` scnplj kfms oj nhrojfu jt lfcssjz kj lf plfoj é lf nuscquj phur qu'jllj ahhstj vhs pfrtcocpfmts jt ljs dfssj pfssjr kj l'ãoefuddjnjmt é l'jmtrfímjnjmt.
[JOEMCVZJ & OHFOECM@
OHFOECM@ & OHMMJUCHM
Ahxj Kcrjot, Orhcsã • Drfppjz fvjo lj arfs fvfmt jt frrcårj, jm dfcsfmt pcvhtjr ljs ãpfuljs
Lf nuscquj ohnphrtj kjs oefm`jnjmts kj tjnph acjm kcstcmots, oj quc lf rjmk vrfcnjmt cmtãrjssfmtj jt jm`f`jfmtj thut jm hddrfmt umj struoturj fu ohfoecm`. Kfms ljs pefsjs ljmtjs utclcsjz lj Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Drfppjs jt Jxãoutchm.
• _urdfoj kj Drfppj ‟ kjux prjncårjs peflfm`js
Thtrj `rhupj f coc l'hpphrtumctã k'fpprjmkrj é drfppjr ohrrjotjnjmt. Yucs, qufmk frrcvj
• Whmj Ocalj ‟ vcsf`j/tçtj
lj rytenj jt lf nuscquj ‟ lfcssjz-ljs lf rjssjmtcr! Mhtjz kfms lj Nfstjrolfss ohnnjmt Kfm sj ohmmjotj fu `rhupj jm utclcsfmt lf nuscquj jt é qujl phcmt cls m'hmt pfs pu s'jnpçoejr kj orcjr k'jxoctftchm.
• Cmctcjz lj nhuvjnjmt é pfrtcr kjs pcjks phur plus kj stfaclctã jt kj pucssfmoj
Orhoejt • Ljvjz lj ohukj é efutjur k'ãpfulj
• Kãohlljz lj tflhm jt dfctjs pcvhtjr vhtrj ãpfulj jt vhtrj efmoej vjrs l'fvfmt • Ohup kj phcm` ocroulfcrj • Whmj Ocalj ‟ náoehcrj/tjnpjs
Zppjrout • Fnjmjz l'ãpfulj vjrs lj afs jt l'fvfmt,
`jmhux shupljs
• Qjoefr`jz Arfs dlãoec jt phussãjméphsctchm lf vjrtcoflj • lj phcm` kj @frkj • Whmj Ocalj ‟ lj njmthm
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
6A JOEFZDDJNJM[ KZ AF_ KZ OHQY_ DHOZ_ Ohfoejz lj Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ohmsc`mjs kj Ncsj jm Ylfoj jt Jxjoutchm phur oefquj drfppj jt phsturj sãourctfcrj sur lj @rcnpjur. @rcnpjur.
NZ_CVZJ ;7:5 Cmtrh
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ
:71; Qjd :7?4 Cmstr :7;4 Thcx :7:9 Cmstr
(Afcssj Kuastjp) ;x5 A
476: Cmstr 4710 Cmstr 47;9 Qjd
47:1 Cmstr
0761 Cmstr 071: Qjd 07?5 Cmstr
07:9 Cmstr 07:0 Cmstr
Shu `httf dc`et
5x5 F ;x5 F6 ?x5 F1 6x5
;x5 A 6
_ehht @, K _ehht @, K ‟ Fghutjr rjahmks _ehht @, K ‟ Fghutjr fnplctukj _fut lfr`j Ylfojr lj tflhm K phur lj Bcob Oûtã @ Bcob Oûtã @ Qjahmks _Y x1 Bcob Oûtã K Qjahmks _Y x1 Bcob Oûtã @ ‟ Mcvjfu 1 Qjahmks _Y x1
(Qytenj Kuastjp)
;x5 A
(@uctfrj dhrtj)
;x5 A6 Bcob Oûtã K ‟ Mcvjfu 1 Qjahmks _Y x1 ;x5 O Bcob Fvfmt @ x1 Qjahmks _Y x1 Bcob Fvfmt K x1 Qjahmks _Y
Shu `httf dc`et
4x5 O6 Bcob Fvfmt @ x1 ‟ Mcvjfu 1 Qjahmks _Y x1 Bcob Fvfmt K x1 ‟ Mcvjfu 1 Qjahmks _Y x1 (_ur ; kjrm ots cmstflljr lf @frkj phur lj Ocroulfcrj) (Afcssj Kuastjp) ;x5 K Bcob Ocroulfcrj @ ‟ é @ Qjahmks _Y x1 Shu `httf dc`et ;x5 K Bcob Ocroulfcrj K ‟ é K Qjahmks _Y x1 6 (Qytenj ;x5 K Bcob Ocroulfcrj @ ‟ é @ Kuastjp) Qjahmks _Y x1 Bcob Ocroulfcrj K ‟ é K Qjahmks _Y x1 (Ohrkjs fu 1x5 Bcob Ocroulfcrj @ ‟ é @ symteã) Cmstflljr lf phsctchm kj Ylfmoej (Ycfmh _ymteã) ;x5 J @rcnpjur @ @rcnpjur K (Ycfmh _ymteã)
0x5 J6 @rcnpjur @, K 6x5 _futjr jm js jspfàfmt lljjs pc pcjks kkffvfmtf tf``j _j rjkrjssjr 57?: Cmstr (Afcssj Kuastjp) 5x5 O6 Qãpãtjr Ohnah Bcob Fvfmt @, K x1 Qjahmks _Y x1 3799 Hutrh (Qytenj Kuastjp) Bcob Fvfmt @ jt Qjstjr 5793 Qjd 57?1 Thcx
Shu `httf dc`et [h pfrty
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN
@frkj Dfoj
(Qytenj `u `uctfrj dhrt) … dc`et d dhhr yhur (Foohrk @uctfrj) [h pfrty
4791 Thcx
DJJLCM@ FQ[_ NFQ[CFZU NCU[J_ [FJ BPHM KH Qjahhstã, BFQF[J Qjthur jm NZFS [EFC frrcårj, Drfotchmmã QJMDHQOJNJM[ NNF
5 5 5 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 61 5 5 ; ; ; 64
5x NNF ;x ?x [BK
;x ;x ;x ;x BFQ
1x N[
?x [BK ;x ;x
1x
NNF 1x QDH 6;x
;x N[
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Dc`et Dhr Shur Qc`et! = ;79? ncms
6A
Oj nhrojfu jst um "rjthur jm frrcårj" fvjo um `rhs oefm`jnjmt jt vf nhtcvjr vhtrj `rhupj phur lj rjstj ku ohurs. Ohfoejz ljs afsjs ‟ jmohrj umj dhcs, vhus fvjz coc um nfxcnun kj rãpãtctchms é rãflcsjr phur oefquj drfppj fdcm quj mhm sjuljnjmt vhs pfrtcocpfmts jmtrjmt kfms lf zhmj k'jmtrfímjnjmt nfcs qu'cls fcjmt fussc lj tjnps kj kjvjmcr ohmdcfmts qufmt é lf rãflcsftchm kj oefquj bcob. Lj trfvfcl fu shl cmtjrvcjmt tût kfms lj nhrojfu jt jm`f`j thut lj ohrps, jm lj prãpfrfmt phur lj rjstj kj l'jmtrfímjnjmt.
[JOEMCVZJ Frts Nfrtcfux Ncxtjs _ehht • Djmtj fvfmt
• Yhcks ku ohrps sur lj ttflhm, flhm, ojmtr ojmtrjj ku ohrps fotcd fotcd,, • [flhm frrcårj kãohllã ku shl • Ljs arfs fttrfpjmt lj `jmhu kj l'fkvjrsfcrj jt tcrjmt vjrs lf phctrcmj • Qjphussjz lj shl fvjo lf gfnaj fvfmt, rjvjmjz jm Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft
[fj BcobBwhm Oûtã Kh • Ylfojz lj tflhm kj lf gfnaj k'fppuc kfms lf kcrjotchm ku bcob • • • •
Ljvjz lf gfnaj ku bcob ‟ `jmhu orhcsã kjvfmt lj ohrps Fllhm`jz lj bcob, tflhm vjrs lj efut, hrtjcls vjrs lj afs, jt rjphussjz lj shl fvjo lf gfnaj k'fppuc Qfnjmjz lj `jmhu, pcjk fu shl jt rjahmks _Y Whmj Ocalj ‟ efut kjs `jmhux/oucssjs/efmoejs/oûtjs
Bcob Ocroulfcrj • Ycvhtjz lj tflhm kj lf gfnaj k'fppuc é 39 kj`rãs • Ljvjz lj `jmhu, phcmtjz-lj vjrs lf ocalj, tflhm é lf djssj • [jmkjz lf gfnaj, drfppjz fvjo lj tcacf/ljs lfojts • Qfnjmjz lj tflhm é lf djssj • Whmj Ocalj ‟ efut kjs `jmhux/oucssjs/efmoejs/oûtjs
Bfrftã/Nufy [efè Khualj Bcob Fvfmt ‟ [fp
• Fllhm`jz lf gfnaj quc jddjotuj lj Bcob, jm phussfmt fvjo lf gfnaj, `jmhu shuplj • [crjz ljs hrtjcls jm frrcårj jt drfppjz fvjo lf afllj ku pcjk • Qfnjmjz lf gfnaj jt tfpjz lj shl, fvfmt kj drfppjr é mhuvjfu
• Ohmtrfotjz ljs fakhs lhrs ku bcob
• Qãflcsjz 1 Bcobs Fvfmt • Aflfmojz lj arfs ljfkjr sur lj bcob, phur fghutjr kj lf pucssfmoj (Mcvjfu 1)
Qjmdhrojnjmt typj NNF @rcnpjur Nfcms shus ljs ãpfuljs • Efmoejs jt ãpfuljs flc`mãjs dfoj fu shl • Fakhs ohmtrfotãs • _ur ljs hrtjcls ‟ Hptchm sur ljs `jmhux • [crjz lj `jmhu vjrs lj ohukj, @ é K ‟ `frkjz lj ojmtrj ku ohrps dhrt, efmoejs jt ãpfuljs
dfoj fu shl
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
6A JOEFZDDJNJM[ KZ AF_ KZ OHQY_
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
6A
Dc`et Dhr Shur Qc`et! = suctj OHFOECM@
OHMMJUCHM
@frkjz kjs Ohmsc`mjs kj Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Drfppjs jt Jxjoutchm trås olfcrjs jt
Mhus fvhms dfct jm shrtj quj lj `rhupj sj ohmmjotj é lf nuscquj kfms l'Joefuddjnjmt
suoocmotjs. Cmstflljz pucs k'fahrk lf phsturj jt lj gju kj gfnajs, fghutjz kjs ohmsc`mjs. Ojlf pjrnjttrf é vhs pfrtcocpfmts kj s'fmorjr kfms lj shl, dfoclctfmt fcmsc l'jxãoutchm kjs djmtjs jt kjs bcobs thut jm sãourctã jt fvjo ohmdcfmoj. Jt oefoum phssåkj umj shupljssj kj efmoej jt nusoulfcrj kcddãrjmtj ‟ khmo fssurjz-vhus kj dcxjr kjs efutjurs kj bcob rãflcsfaljs (zhmjs ocaljs) phur pjrnjttrj é thut lj nhmkj kj sj sjmtcr jm sctuftchm kj rãussctj.
ku Efut ku Ohrps ‟ nfcmtjmfmt mhus ohmmjothms lj `rhupj é l'jmtrfímjnjmt. Fssurjz-vhus qu'cls pucssjmt rjssjmtcr ljs nusoljs quj vhus kãorcvjz2 quj ljs Ohmsc`mjs kj Ncsj jm Ylfoj quj vhus khmmjz phur oefquj drfppj shmt ncsjs jm plfoj, jt quj pfr ohmsãqujmt vhs pfrtcocpfmts hmt umj tjoemcquj plus sãourctfcrj jt plus jddcofoj.
Ohfoejz lf ncsj jm plfoj ku @rcnpjur jm nfítrcsfmt k'fahrk lf phsctchmkjkulf ohrps, pucslfjmphsctchm ohfoefmt lj nhuvjnjmt gfnaj. Fssurjz-vhus k'cmstflljr ã`fljnjmt l'hptchm ‟ jm pjrnjttfmt fcmsc é thut lj nhmkj kj rãusscr é rãflcsjr lj nhuvjnjmt.
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
1
OHNAF[ 6
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Qjmdhrojnjmt cssu kjs Frts Nfrtcfux ‟ utclcsjz lj ohmtrfstj kjs Frts Nfrtcfux phur ohfoejr kjux rãsultfts7 Ofrkch jt Yucssfmt sur lj Bcob-ahxcm`, [rfvfcl kj Tctjssj sur lj [fj Bwhm Kh.
Qhob, Kymfncquj, Ohmtrfstã
NZ_CVZJ 9799 Cmtrh H7H4 O6
9765 O6
(Oucvrjs) X C–n `hmmf nfbj ct
Fmk C wfmt
Hmj m mcc`et fmk
97?9 Qjd 97:: Cmstr
(@uctfrj)
6791 O1
C–vj ajjm
6714 Qjd
Hmj mc mc`et fmk
67:6 Ar 179? Ar 1760 YQjd
17;1 Qjd
[ejy sfy hm h mly
@jt nj nj hut Hmj mc mc`et fmk Hmj mc mc`et fmk
?790 ?793 Cmtrh (Oucvrjs) 4760 Hutrh (@uctfrj)
BCOB-AHUCM@ [FJ BPHM KH
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ 1x5 F ;x5
;x5 F6 5 x5 A 1 x5
Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ Zppjrout @, K Orhoejt @ Qjahmks Fv, Frr x1 Zppjrout @, K Orhoejt @ @jmhu Frrcårj Qjahmks Fv, Frr (Hpphrtumctã kj pjrdhrnfmoj jm hptchm)
5x5 F6 Qãpãtjr Ohnah Zppjrout, Orhoejt Fghutjr Fghutjr @jmhu K x1 5x5 F1 Qãpãtjr Ohnah Zppjrout, Orhoejt ‟ Fghutjr @jmhu K x1 ;x5 O Qjvjrs @ (vjrs l'fvfmt) Qjahmks Fv, Frr x? ;¾x5 O6 Qjvjrs @ Qjahmkss Fv, Frr Qjahmk 5x5 O6 Qjvjrs @ Bcob Ocroulfcrj @ Qjahmks _Y x1 5x5 F1 Qãpãtjr Ohnah Zppjrout, Orhoejt, @jmhu Alhqujr jm @frkj
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é 1 mk F 1 ‟ é K Qjvjrs K phur tjrncmjr
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN 64 1 1 ; 1 1 1 1
5x ?1x 5x
;
64x
5 1 4 1 1 1 1 ; 5
5x
;
BA ;x
[BK ;x 3x
5x 5x BA
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
[embs Dr [e Nnrs = 4716 ncms
1
Lj Ohnaft 6 cmtå`rj lj rjmdhrojnjmt jnprumtã fux Frts Nfrtcfux kfms l'jmtrfímjnjmt. L'ãlãnjmt Bcob-Ahxcm` fu`njmtj lf kãpjmsj ofrkch rfpckjnjmt fvjo kjs ohups pucssfmts phur lj efut jt lj afs ku ohrps quc shmt ohurtjs, prãocsjs jt pucssfmtjs ‟ kfms lj ohnaft. Lj ohmtrfstj cmtjrvcjmt fvjo f vjo lj dhous sur s ur lf vctjssj jt lf ohmojmtrftchm ku [fj Bwhm Kh. Ojs Ojs kjux Frts Nfrtcfux sj ohnplåtjmt trås acjm jt vhmt oeflljm`jr vhtrj ohmkctchm peyscquj jt vhtrj shupljssj!
[JOEMCVZJ Bcob-ahxcm` @jmhu Frrcårj • • • •
Ljvjz lj `jmhu frrcårj é efutjur kj phctrcmj Jm`f`jz lf efmoej, hrtjcls vjrs lj afs [crjz ljs phcm`s é lf efmoej Qfnjmjz lj `jmhu, tfpjz lj pcjk kjrrcårj
[fj Bwhm Kh Qjvjrs
• lj ohukj ljfkjr vjrs lf ocalj (tçtj) fvjo l'frrcårj ku phcm` • Yhcmtjz [jmkjz l'fvfmt-arfs rfpckjnjmt, jm drfppfmt • Qfnjmjz lj phcm` pucssfnnjmt kås quj vhtrj arfs jst tjmku
• @frkjz l'frtcoulftchm shuplj, tjmschm kfms lj acojps phur ohmtrûljr l'jxtjmschm
• Whmj Ocalj ‟ tjnpjs
OHFOECM@ Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ncsj jm Ylfoj kjs Drfppjs jt Jxãoutchm Ztclcsjz um ohfoecm` scnplj jt olfcr phur quj vhs pfrtcocpfmts rãflcsjmt ljs ohups kj phcm` kj Bcob-Ahxcm` ohrrjotjnjmt kås lj kãpfrt. Ojlf vhus fssurjrf quj vhs pfrtcocpfmts ahu`jmt fvjo ohmdcfmoj qufmk lf ohnacmfcshm sjrf rãpãtãj mhm-sthp. • “Zppjr “Zppj r, uppjr, orhoejt orhoej t ‟ krhctj, `fuoej, `fuoe j, krhctj krhctj„„ • “Kjux fu njmthm jt um é lf náoehcrj„ • “Qjmtrjz vhtrj vhtrj njmthm, frrhmkcssjz vhs ãpfuljs„ Kfms lf sãqujmoj [fj Bwhm Kh ‟ cmstflljz lj Qjvjrs jt lj Bcob Ocroulfcrj fvjo kjs ohmsc`mjs kj sãourctã jt umj jxãoutchm scnplj phur vhus fssurjr quj vhtrj `rhupj ahu`j jddcofojnjmt jt pfrvcjmmj é `ãrjr l'cmtjmsctã jm thutj sãourctã qufmk vhus lj ljur prhphsjz. • “Qjvjrs, arfs krhct vjrs l'fvfmt„ • “Ycjks lfr`jnjmt jspfoãs, drfppjz fvjo l'jxtãrcjur ku phcm`„ • “Bcob Ocroulfcrj ‟ plfojz lj tflhm kj lf gfnaj k'fppuc jm kcrjotchm kj lf ocalj„ • “Drfppjz fvjo lj kjssus ku pcjk, pjmoejz lf tçtj jt ljs ãpfuljs é l'hpphsã„
Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrftchm kj l'Jxãoutchm [jo [joemcquj emcquj
Kfms lf sjohmkj nhctcã, vhus fvjz l'hpphrtumctã k'fckjr vhtrj `rhupj é ncjux ahu`jr ‟ jm ljur pjrnjttfmt k'fu`njmtjr l'cmtjmsctã jt kj ohnnjmojr é trfvfclljr plus kur sur ljs ohnacmfcshms. Lf ohnacmfcshm Bcob-Ahxcm` jst ohnphsãj kj drfppjs ohurtjs jt prãocsjs phuvfmt çtrj jmvhyãjs dhrt jt vctj. Lj [fj [fj Bwhm Kh mãojssctj vctjssj jt f`clctã. Ztclcsjz kjs ohmsc`mjs ohnnj7 • “Lfcssjz vhs ãpfuljs s'jmrhuljr„ • “Zm pju plus ohnpfot, dhujttjz kfvfmtf`j fvjo ljs efmoejs jt lj tflhm„ • “[crjz vhtrj phctrcmj plus efut phur tcrjr plus dhrt sur lj `jmhu„ • “[fj “[fj Bwhm Kh ‟ drfppjz dhrt fvjo lj pcjk hu lf nfcm„ • “[rfvfcl “[rfvfcl kj vctjssj ‟ ahu`jz plus vctj, dhujttjz sur lj Qjvjrs!„
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
?
YHPJQ [QFCMCM@ 6
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Cmstflljz ljs ohnacmfcshms 6 jt 1 tût kfms lj nhrojfu pucs ohnacmjz-ljs phur orãjr kjs cmtjrvflljs kj vctjssj pucssfmtj jt trfvfcl kj Ahxj pucssfmt.
Jupehrcquj, Ghyjux Efrkohrj, Cmspcrfmt
NZ_CVZJ 9799 Cmstr (Qytenj fu symteã) 9711 O6 X Pejm wj thuoe
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ 5 x5 5 x5
Ohursj @, K
AHUJ
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN 1
?1x AHU
1
?1x
5x5 F6 Ohnah 6 Kcrjot @, Orhcsã K x1 Kcrjot @ x1 Orhcsã K
; 1 1
5x
6790 Cmstr (Qytenj tjoemh)
5 x5 A
1
?1x
6713 O1
5x5 A6 Ohnah 1 Orhoejt @ x1 Gfob x1 5 x5 Ohursj @, K 4x5 F6 Qãpãtjr Ohnah 6 1x5 O Qãpãtjr Ohnah 6, fghutjr Ohnah 1
; ; 1 5 64
5x ?1x 4x 6x
64 1
5x 64x
Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ F
97;; Qjd
67:1 Ar 176: O1 17?1 O1
_jt yhu drjj
X Pejm C ehlk
_jt yhu drjj X Pejm C ehlk Hmly l lhhvj
Kcrjot @, Orhcsã K Ohnah Kcrjot @, Orhcsã K
Orhoe jOhnah t @ Khualj Orhoejt, Gfob
17?5 Qjd (Qytenj fu symteã) 64x5 O ?711 Cmstr (Nãlhkcj fu _ymteã) ;x5 ?7?; ?7?; O? X Pejm Pejm wj th thuo uoee
Ohnah 6 + Ohnah 1
47?: Hutrh (Ahhn)
Orhoejt K phur tjrncmjr!
Ohursj @, K
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é O ‟ é K Mhtj7 Qãpãtjr Ohursj é @, K
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
_jt Shu Shu Drjj = 47?5 ncms
?
Yrjncjr pco k'cmtjmsctã! Jmsjnalj, vhus jt vhtrj `rhupj flljz fttjcmkrj um thut mhuvjfu mcvjfu kj ohmkctchm peyscquj kfms l'jmtrfímjnjmt. Cmstflljz ljs ohnacmfcshms kj Ahxj tût kfms lj nhrojfu. Lf ohnacmfcshm 6 rjphsj sur lf vctjssj ‟ kj lhm`ujs drfppjs jmvhyãjs rfpckjnjmt. Lf ohnacmfcshm 1 rjphsj sur umj pucssfmoj rfpckj jt prãocsj, jm jm`f`jfmt fu mcvjfu kjs gfnajs jt ku phcm`. Vufmk mhus fsshochms ljs kjux, mhus supjroefr`jhms mhtrj ohrps jm tjrnjs k'jmtrfímjnjmt.
OHFOECM@ Yrãpfrjz vhtrj `rhupj jm kcsfmt é vhs pfrtcocpfmts quj lj dhous jst ncs sur lf vctjssj jt lf pucssfmoj. Ojlf ljur khmmjrf umj vcschm olfcrj ku nhrojfu. Nfítrcsjz oefquj ohnacmfcshm, jm pjrnjttfmt fcmsc é vhs pfrtcocpfmts k'fpprjmkrj é acjm ahu`jr, pucs fsshocjz-ljs phur orãjr um pfrdfct nãlfm`j kj vctjssj jt kj pucssfmoj.
Ohnah Ahxj 6 Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ncsj jm Ylfoj • “Kcrjot, Orhcsã, Kcrjot, Orhcsã, Khualj Kcrjot Orhcsã Orhcsã
Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrjr lf [[joemcquj joemcquj • “Ycjk frrcårj ‟ lfcssjz-lj pcvhtjr sur lj Orhcsã„ • “[jmkjz “[jmkjz lj arfs sur lj Orhcsã, jm prhgjtfmt vhtrj pucssfmoj vjrs l'fvfmt„ • “Dhujttjz fvjo lf efmoej, kjsojmkjz um pju, jm`f`jz um nfxcnun„
Ohnah Ahxj 1 Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ncsj jm Ylfoj • “1 Orhoejts, 1 Gfobs Yucssfmts„ • “Gfobs ‟ @jmhux huvjrts jt flc`mãs fvjo lj ojmtrj ku pcjk„ • “Hptchm ‟ _quft„
Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrjr lf [[joemcquj joemcquj • “Ljvjz lj ohukj um pju plus efut jt jmdhmojz oj sfo kj drfppj lhurk„ • “Ycvhtjz ljs efmoejs jt jm`f`jz é pfrtcr kjs gfnajs jm jmvhyfmt lj Orhoejt„
Mcvjfu ? ‟ Nhtcvjz ‟ Ohnah Ohnplåtj (6 jt 1) _hyjz pfsschmmã jt cmspcrfmt é trfvjrs vhtrj vhcx jt vhs nhuvjnjmts. Thtrj `rhupj vhukrf fashlunjmt drfppjr fussc kur quj phsscalj s'cl sjmt quj vhus fvjz jmvcj k'y flljr fvjo jux. Qjohmmfcssjz lj dfct quj vhus çtjs lé phur vhus jmtrfímjr fvjo jux jt qu'jmsjnalj vhus flljz hatjmcr kjs rãsultfts jt trfvfclljr plus kur quj gfnfcs.
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
;
OHNAF[ 1
Ohfoejz lj Bfrftj Yumoe fvjo umj supjr phsctchm jt kjs ohmsc`mjs o hmsc`mjs pucssfmtjs. Ohfoejz lj BF[ BF[F
DJJLCM@ BFQF[J [FJ BPHM KH Nystjrcjux, Jmc`nftcquj, QJMDHQOJNJM[ NNF
kj Bcobs [fj [fj Bwhm jt Khljjmohmtrûlj. vhus dhoflcsfmt sur l'ãquclcarj, l'f`clctã
Kcsocplcmj
DHOZ_
NZ_CVZJ
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN
@frkj Dfoj 9796 O6 976; Cmstr 9715 O1
97;6 Cmstr 97:: Cmstr 67;5 Cmstr 1791 O? ?7;3 Cmstr ;79? Cmstr ;713 Cmstr ;7:0 ;7:0 Hutr Hutrhh
(Oehjurs Gfphmfcs)
;x5 F Bfrftj Yumoe @ Bfrftj Yumoe K 6 (_nfse _ymteã) ;x5 F Bfrftj Yumoe @, K, @ Bfrftj Yumoe K, @, K (Oehjurs Gfphmfcs) ;x5 A Ycvhtjr tflhm K jm phsctchm Bcob Oûtã @ @jmhu @ x1 Bcob Oûtã @ (@rhssj Ofcssj ;x5 A6 @jmhu @ x1 Olfcrj) Bcob Oûtã @ (Nãlhkcj ffuu _y _ymteã) 64x5 A1 Qãpãtjr Ohnah @jmhu @ & Bcob Oûtã Bcob Fvfmt @ x; (_ocmtclljnjmt fu ; x5 Arfs jm F _ymteã) Arfs F[, jm afs, orhcsjr fu ojmtrj QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é A 1 ‟ é K (Oehjurs Gfphmfcs) (_ocmtclljnjmts fu fu ; x5 Arfs jm F _ymteã) Cmstfllftchm jm Ylfmoej (Nãlhkcj fu _ymteã) 5x5 O @rcnpjur @, K (_nfse fu _ymteã) 5x5 K Yhnpj (_oc (_ ocjm jmtctclllljn jnjm jmts ts fu Jm afs jt rjstjr _ymteã)
1 1 ; ;
BFQ 5x ;x [BK
5 5 ; ; 5 5 64 64 5 1; ; 1
1x ;x 5x
NNF QDH 64x ?1x
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Oehpstcob = :79? ncms
;
Kjs styljs k'Frts Nfrtcfux ohmtrfstãs nfcs ohnplãnjmtfcrjs phur trfvfclljr sur vhtrj pucssfmoj jt vhtrj f`clctã. Oj nhrojfu sj prçtj thut é dfct é um Jmtrfímjnjmt kj Bfrftã fu Khgh lhrs kj lf ohnacmfcshm Bfrftã Yumoe. Kjs ohmsc`mj ohmsc`mjss ohurtjs jt kcrjotjs vhus pjrnjttrhmt k'fu`njmtjr jmohrj ojs sjmsftchms. L'ãquclcarj jt l'f`clctã l'f`cl ctã ku BF[F BF[F kj Bcob jnprumtã [fj Bwhm [fj Kh vhmtjxplhscd oeflljm`jr vhtrj ku `rhupj fu`njmtjr vctjssj kjslfgfnajs plus, mhusfu fghuthms um trfvfcl ku ojmtrj ohrpsjtphur jm`f`jrlfljs fakhs, phctrcmjjtjtlfljsohmkctchm ãpfuljs ofrkch. é lf dcm!Jm
[JOEMCVZJ & OHFOECM@ Zmj ncsj jm plfoj olfcrj kj lf phsctchm jt kjs ohmsc`mjs rytenãjs shmt jssjmtcjlljs phur quj vhtrj `rhupj rãusscssj é ahu`jr. ahu`jr. Zmj dhcs lj rytenj r ytenj cmstfllã, vhus phuvjz fpphrtjr um umjj pjtctj thuoej kjs kcddãrjmts Frts Nfrtcfux phur fckjr é fnãlchrjr lf tjoemcquj. Zmj pucssfmoj dhrtj jt fmorãj jm Bfrftã ‟ prjsquj ohnnj fu Khgh, ohnnj lj nhmtrj Kfm kfms k fms lj Nfstjrolfss. Lj [[fj fj Bwhm Kh fnãlchrj l'ãquclcarj, lf prãocschm jt l'f`clctã tfmkcs quj vhtrj `rhupj rãflcsj ljs mhnarjux ohups ku BF[F BF[F kj Bcobs. B cobs.
Mcvjfu 6 ‟ Ncsj jm Ylfoj kjs Drfppjs Bfrftã Yumoe • Bfrftã Yumoe ‟ Krhctj, `fuoej, krhctj. @fuoej, @fuoej, krhctj, `fuoej • Yhctrcmj efutj, ãpfuljs jm frrcårj • Whmj Ocalj ‟ lf phctrcmj
BF[F kj Bcobs [fj Bwhm Kh (Bcob Oûtã) • Jm ãquclcarj sur lf gfnaj `fuoej • Jm efut, jm afs, jm efut • Whmjs Ocalj ‟ Oûtjs (@jmhux), @jmhux/Efmoejs (Bcob Oûtã)
Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrftchm kj lf [[joemcquj joemcquj Bfrftã Yumoe • Qjláoeã pucs ohmtrfotã • Fmorã kfms lj shl ‟ Yrjssjz lj shl fvjo vhs pcjks
BF[F kj Bcobs [fj Bwhm Kh • Cmolcmjz lj ohrps phur l'ãquclcarj • Fllhm`jz jt tcrjz phur jm`f`jr lj ojmtrj ku ohrps • Bcobs lã`jrs, rfpckjs jt prãocs phur fnãlchrjr l'f`clctã jt lf vctjssj kjs gfnajs
Qjmdhrojnjmt NNF Ohfoejz lf phsctchm kj Ylfmoej ohnnj kfms l'Joefuddjnjmt ku Afs ku Ohrps. Khmmjz kjs hptchms sc mãojssfcrj ‟ `jmhux fu shl ‟ phur vhus fssurjr quj thut lj nhmkj pucssj sucvrj. Ojttj pfrtcj fpphrtjrf é vhs pfrtcocpfmts um ojmtrj jt um efut ku ohrps plus dhrt, jt ljur pjrnjttrf kj khmmjr kj njclljurs ohups kj pcjk jt kj phcm` thut jm fnãlchrfmt ljur dhroj.
Yhnpj • Nfcms é l'jxtãrcjur lhcm kjs hrjclljs, phckskjs ku ãpfuljs, ohrps surãpfuljs ljs pfunjs
• Yhctrcmj jt efmoejs dfoj fu shl, sur ljs `jmhux • Kjsojmkjz ‟ ãpfuljs é efutjur kjs ohukjs
• Yhussjz, rjvjmjz é lf phsctchm kj kãpfrt
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
:
YHPJQ [QFCMCM@ 1
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Cmtjmsj, rfpckj, jt kãlhyfl ‟ dfctjs trfvfclljr vhtrj `rhupj sur um jddhrt nfxcnfl kfms ljs cmtjrvflljs
Ofrfèajs Qjahmks,
kj Ahxj jt kj _prcmt fvjo phur lj Mcvjfu 1 ‟ éOhmsc`mjs k'Fnãlchrftchm [joemcquj [joemcquj ljs fckjr ahu`jr plus vctj jt fvjo plus kj pucssfmoj.
@rhs, jt Dhrt,Yucssfmt _tyljs kjs íljs
NZ_CVZJ
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ
9799 (Zbuljlj) 979: Pejm tej shumk afm` 9714 Thcx (Gunp!)
1x5 5x5 ;x5
97?5 Cmstr (Ahcm`/Ofcssj olfcrj)
F 5x5 F6
97:3 O6
;x5 A
6769 Qjd 6716 Thcx 67;? 67;5 Ohmst
Ahy, dfll hvjr [urm up wejm kj (Gunp!) (Gunp!) (Gunp!)
AHUJ [QFTFCL NJ[FAHLCVZJ
;x5 A6 5x5 F6 1x5 1x5 F
Qjpfssjr sur ljs pcjks Ohursj @, K Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ Zppjrout @, K Zppjrout @ Zppjrout, Orhcsã, Zppjrout Zppjrout @, Orhcsã K, Zppjrout @ Qjahmkss Fv, Qjahmk Fv, Frr x1 Zppjrout @, Orhcsã K Zppjrout @ Qãoupãrjr Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft K Zppjrout K, @
O[_ QJY_ FN 64 1
AHU ?1x
; 1
5x ?1x
; ; 1 1 64
;x 64x ?1x
;
;x
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F 6 é F 6 ‟ é K
67:; 67:; Cms Cmstr (Ahc (Ahcm` m`/O /Ofc fcsssj oolf lfcr crj) j) 17:3 O1 Pejm tej shumk afm` ?769 Qjd [urm up up wejm
;x5 ;x5
Qãoupãrjr ‟ Hpphrtumctã kj Yjrdhrnfmoj Ohursj @, K
?716 Ohmst (Gunp!)
;x5
Ohursj @, K x; _prcmt @, K Ohursj lfr`j sur lf kjrmcårj rjp
5 5
1x
Ohursj Lfr`j @, K x; _prcmt @, K Dcmfl!
5 5
;x
?7?1
(Gunp!)
?7:; Hutrh (Ofcssj olfcrj)
5x5
?1 1
64x NJ[ QDH
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
_humk Afm` = ?7:0 ncms
:
Mhus pfsshms é um thut mhuvjfu mhuvj fu mcvjfu kj dum jt k'cmtjmsctã kfms oj nhrojfu kj Yhwjr [rfcmcm` [rfcmcm` 1 quc sjohuj. Zm supjr ohmtrfstj nuscofl jmtrj lj stylj kjs kj s íljs ku Zbuljlj jt ljs rytenjs r ytenjs jmtrfímfmts kjs cmtjrvflljs kj Ahxj jt kj _prcmt. Thtrj `rhupj vf trfvfclljr é shm cmtjmsctã nf nfxcnflj xcnflj thut jm orãfmt ojt jmtrfímjnjmt typj ECC[ (Jmtrfímjnjmt Drfotchmmã kj Efutj Cmtjmsctã) quc luc hddrcrf kjs rãsultfts peyscqujs plus rfpckjs.
OHFOECM@ Ahxcm` Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrftchm kj lf [[joemcquj joemcquj Ztclcsjz ljs ohmsc`mjs sucvfmtjs hu kjs ohmsc`mjs scnclfcrjs phur fckjr vhtrj `rhupj é ahu`jr plus vctj jt fvjo plus kj pucssfmoj kfms ljs cmtjrvflljs. Ojlf fu`njmtjrf lf kãpjmsj ãmjr`ãtcquj kj vhtrj `rhupj, lf vctjssj kj ljurs phcm`s jt djrf trfvfclljr ljur ojmtrj ku ohrps supjr kur phur jmvhyjr ljs ohups.
Cmtjrvflljs k'Zppjrout • Afcssjz l'ãpfulj jt pcvhtjz fu mcvjfu ku ojmtrj ojmtrj ku ohrps • Yhcks ku ohrps sur lj pcjk fvfmt jm phussfmt • Yjmoejz-vhus lã`årjnjmt sur lj oûtã ‟ ojlf fnãlchrjrf lf rhtftchm rhtftchm
Orhcsã
• Ljvjz lj ohukj, vcsjz lj mjz • Ycvhtjz lj ohrps phur `ãmãrjr umj ãmhrnj pucssfmoj
Tctjssj (Ahxj) • Ylus vhus çtjs kãtjmku, plus vhus çtjs rfpckj • Kãtjmkjz-vhus pucs jmdlfnnjz-vhus! ‟ Nfcms lã`årjs
Cmtjrvflljs kj _prcmt Cmstflljz ljs cmtjrvflljs kj _prcmt kfms lf pefsj kj ohmstruotchm nuscoflj phur prãpfrjr vhtrj `rhupj é oj quc frrcvj jmsuctj. Mhus prãpfrhms ljs gfnajs jt ljs djsscjrs fvjo umj Ohursj Lfr`j pucs plfàhms ljs gfnajs kfms umj phsctchm kj ohursj mfturjllj jt sprcmthms pjmkfmt ; sjohmkjs. Lf rãpãtctchm vf orãjr um ãmhrnj pco fu mcvjfu kj lf drãqujmoj ofrkcfquj, jmohurf`jfmt fcmsc lf kãpjmsj oflhrcquj jt kjs rãsultfts peyscqujs plus rfpckjs.
Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Fnãlchrftchm kj lf [[joemcquj joemcquj _prcmts • • • •
Ohurjz fussc vctj quj phsscalj pjmkfmt ; sjohmkjs Yjtcts pfs rfpckjs, jm sj dhoflcsfmt sur lf vctjssj Hptchm ‟ Ohursj @jmhux Efuts plus ljmtj Yjmoejz-vhus jm fvfmt jt fot fotcvjz cvjz ljs arfs fussc vctj vctj quj phsscalj phu phurr fckjr ljs gfnajs gfnajs é ahu`jr
Hptchms
• Yhctrcmj efutj, phnpjz fvjo ljs arfs qufmk vhus ohurjz • Yjmoejz-vhus lã`årjnjmt jm fvfmt é pfrtcr kjs efmoejs jt _YQCM[JW! • Ljvjz ljs `jmhux phur umj ohursj plus ljmtj nfcs umj njclljurj fnplctukj
Ohmmjxchm Oj nhrojfu jst dum jt rfpckj jt djrf trfvfclljr vhtrj `rhupj jxtrçnjnjmt cmtjmsãnjmt! Lf nuscquj ohmtrfstj nf`mcdcqujnjmt phur rjdlãtjr lj trfvfcl jm cmtjrvflljs kj oj nhrojfu. Khmo utclcsjz ljs nhnjmts kj lã`årjtã sur lj ubuljlj phur vhus ohmmjotjr fu `rhupj jt vhus fnusjr um pju ‟ pfroj qu'umj dhcs qu'cl jst tjnps kj trfvfcl, o'jst é 699% k'cmtjmsctã.
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
4
OHNAF[ ?
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Jlãvftchm ofrkch sur lf ohnah Bcob _futã, prhdhmkjur jt vctjssj sur lf Ohnah Djmtj phur
[hp ;9 JKN
fu`njmtjr lf dhroj kjs gfnajs.
Fttctukj
NZ_CVZJ 9799 Cmtrh (Auzz fu symteã) 9794 O6 Ahttljs up u p wj–rj
9719 Ohmst Pj–rj ahttljs u upp
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ 1 x5 ;x5 F
;x5 F6
97? 97?? Cms Cmstr (Afc (Afcss ssjj kjs kjs af afsssj sjss 5x5 F1 fu _ymteã) 6796 O1 Ahttljs up u p wj–rj ;x5 A 676; Cmstr (_ymteã dhrt)
;x5 A6
@frkj Ohnaft @ @jmhu K Bcob Fvfmt @ Qjahmks _Y @jmhu K ‟ Qjstjr, Qjstjr, sfutjr jt oefm`jr Bcob Fvfmt @ Qjahmks _Y Bcob _futã @ Oefssã jm Frr Djmtj @ (p (pcjk K kj kjrrcårj) [fpjr lj pcjk K vjrs lj @ Djmtj @ ‟ plus afs _futjr phur ghcmkrj ljs pcjks Qãpãtjr Ohnah Bcob _futã @
671 6715 Cms Cmstr (Afc (Afcss ssjj kjs kjs af afsssj sjss 5x5 F1 fu symteã) 67:4 Cmstr (Qfljmtcssjnjmt) ;x5 Qãoupãrjr QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é 1 mk F 1 ‟ é K 1769 O? Ahttljs up wj–rj ?7:3 Hutrh (Ohup kj symteã) Bcob Fvfmt K phur tjrncmjr
[FJ BPHM KH OFYHJCQF O[_ QJ QJY_ NF 64 1 1 ; 1 1 ; ; ; ? 6 ? 6 5 ?1
[BK
;x
;x 5x OFY 5x 5x 5x
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Ahttljs Zp Zp = ;791 ncms
4
Qjmdhrojnjmt kjs gfnajs jt trfvfcl ofrkch shmt é lf afsj kj mhtrj Ohnaft ?. Lf vctjssj jt l'jxtjmschm ku Bcob _futã ‟ fvjo l'hptchm k'flljr plus efut sur lj bcob ‟ vf phussjr vhtrj drãqujmoj ofrkcfquj plus efut. Ojlf ohmtrfstjrf jmsuctj fvjo um trfvfcl afs jt oefr`ã kjs gfnajs phur orãjr dhroj jt jmkurfmoj fu mcvjfu nusoulfcrj.
OHFOECM@ Ztclcsjz lf ncsj jm plfoj ku Bcob _futã phur vhus dhoflcsjr sur lj dfct kj kãplfojr lj phcks ku ohrps k'umj gfnaj sur l'futrj. Lj dfct kj ljvjr lj `jmhu jst umj trås ahmmj nfmcårj kj dfcrj trfvfclljr lj ojmtrj ku ohrps jt ljs nusoljs stfaclcsftjurs, fvfmt k'jmvhyjr kjs Bcobs Fvfmt pucssfmts.
[JOEMCVZJ [fj Bwhm Kh _futjz Oefm`jz, Bcob Fvfmt (Ncsj jm plfoj ku Bcob _futã) • Ljvjz lj `jmhu frrcårj jt tjmjz jm ãquclcarj • Afcssjz lj `jmhu `jmhu,, jm kãplfàfmt kãplfàfmt lj phcks ku ohrps sur lf gfnaj fr frrcårj rcårj thut jm jmvhyf jmvhyfmt mt lj Bcob Fvfmt
• @jmhu shuplj sur lj bcob Bcob _futã • Aflfyjz jm pfssfmt lf gfnaj frrcårj kjvfmt phur orãjr kj l'ãlfm phur sfutjr vjrs l'fvfmt thut jm drfppfmt • Oefm`jz kj gfnaj é nc-efutjur jt rãflcsjr um Bcob Fvfmt • Qfnjmjz lj Bcob jm fnhrtcssfmt sur lf gfnaj frrcårj
• @jmhux shupljs phur fashrajr l'cnpfot é l'fnhrtc
• Oefssjz jm frrcårj jt rjplfojz-vhus jm Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft
• Hptchm ‟ Zm Yfs, Bcob é lf plfoj ku _fut
O'jst umj Ofphjcrf ftelãtcquj! Yhur fttfqujr ljs nusoljs kjs gfnajs jt kãvjlhppjr dhroj jt jmkurfmoj, ohfoejz trås olfcrjnjmt lf phsctchm kj Djmtj kås lj kãpfrt. Ojlf Ojlf pjrnjttrf é vhtrj `rhupj kj trfvfclljr jm thutj sãourctã sur ljs nhuvjnjmts kj Djmtj pucssfmts. Ztclcsjz lj Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Ohmsc`mjs kj phur qu'cls ohmtcmujmturél'hptchm trfvfclljr ‟ njttjz-ljs fu kãdc rjstjrljafs @jstchm kj l'Cmtjmsctã Djmtjs pjmkfmt qu'cls ahu`jmt hu khmmjz-ljur khmmjz-lj kjkur tfpjr s'cls hmt ajshcm kjkj oflnjr gju.sur ljs
Ofphjcrf Djmtj & [fp
• Cmstflljz lf phsctchm kj Djmtj ‟ um lhm` pfs, phcks ku ohrps sur lf gfnaj fvfmt, sur lf
afllj ku pcjk frrcårj
• Arfs Ofphjcrf, arfs ku oûtã kj lf gfnaj ljfkjr
• Yhctrcmj efutj, fakhs ohmtrfotãs
• Qjstjz afs jt tfpjz lj pcjk frrcårj frrcårj prås ku pcjk fvfmt • Ljs arfs pfssjmt kjvfmt lf phctrcmj qufmk vhus dfctjs lj pfs jm fvfmt
Djmtj Yucssfmtj
• @frkjz lf phsctchm kj Djmtj ‟ um lhm` pfs, phcks ku ohrps sur lf gfnaj fvfmt, sur lf afllj
ku pcjk kj lf gfnaj frrcårj
• Arfs jm `frkj Ofphjcrf, arfs ku oûtã kj lf gfnaj ljfkjr
• Yhctrcmj efutj, fakhs ohmtrfotãs
• _futjz phur ghcmkrj ljs pcjks pucs sfutjz phur rjvjmcr jm Djmtj • Ljs arfs pfssjmt kjvfmt lf phctrcmj qufmk vhus sfutjz • Hptchm ‟ [fp ku pcjk, pfs kj _fut
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
0
NZFS [EFC
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Ohfoejr ljs hptchms k'cmtjmsctã sur ljs cmtjrvflljs kj lf Ohnah Nufy [efè phur quj vhs pfrtcocpfmts
Cmtjmsj, Yrjsschm, Cmojssfmt
NZFS [EFC NZFS [EF C
ohmtcmujmt é trfvfclljr kur.
NZ_CVZJ 9799 Cmtrh Arjftej wcte nj 9794 Cmstr (Nãlhkcj kkããdhrnãj)
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ 1x5 1x5 F
9766 766 Cmstr (Ohup kj kj of ofcssj olfcrj)
; x5 F 6
971? Cmstr (Afcssj Kuastjp)
5x5 F1
97;4 Cmstr (Nãlhkcj kãdhrnãj)
97:? Cmstr (F-ohups)
1x5 A
5x5 A6
Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ Ohup kj kj Oh Ohukj Oc Ocroulfcrj K Qjstjr Ohup kj Ohukj Ocroulfcrj K Qjahmks Fv, Frr x? @jmhu @ x? Ohup kj Ohukj Ocroulfcrj K @jmhu @ x? Ohup kj Ohukj Nhmtfmt @ Qjahmkss Fv, Qjahmk Fv, Frr x? Ohup kj Ohukj Nhmtfmt, @jmhu Ohup kj Ohukj Nhmtfmt @ @jmhu K
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN 64 1 4 1 4
N[ 1x ;x
1 4 1 4
1x
1 1
64x
5x
@frkj Dfoj 676: Qfp X C–n Nr 6710 Qfp (Ohups kkjj of ofcssj olfcrj) 67?3 67? 3 Cmstr Cmstr (Qyten (Qytenjj dhrt fu symteã) 1791 Thcx Arjftej wcte nj X 171: Cmstr (Nãlhkcj kãdhrnãj) 17? 17?0 Cmst Cmstrr (N (Nãl ãlhk hkcj cj kãdh kãdhrn rnãj ãj)) ;7:6
Arjftej wcte nj
;x5 O @jmhu @ x1 @jmhu K x1 6 ;x5 O @jmhu Yucssfmt @ x1 @jmhu Yucssfmt K x1 5x5 O1 @jmhu Yucssfmt @ x1 @jmhu Yucssfmt K x1 @jmhu Qummcm` Nfm @, K 5x5 K @jmhu Qummcm` Nfm @, K ;x5 @jmhu @ jt Qãoupãrjr ‟ Cmstflljr lf Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft K
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é K ‟ é K Mhtj7 Lj nhuvjnjmt F kurj ;x5 @jmhu K phur tjrncmjr
; ; ; ; ; ; 5 ; ?1
;x ;x
;x 64x
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Arjftej = ;7:; ncms Arjftej
0
Kjs drfppjs ohurtjs jt prãocsjs phur trfvfclljr pucssfmoj jt vctjssj. Ohnacmãjs fvjo umj nuscquj pucssfmtj, jlljs orãjmt umj ãmhrnj nhmtãj jm cmtjmsctã vjrs lf dcm ku ohurs! Ztclcsjz kjs ohmsc`mjs ohurtjs jt kcrjotjs phur pjrnjttrj é lf nuscquj k'çtrj ncsj jm fvfmt jt kås quj ljs cmtjrvflljs ohnnjmojmt ‟ fppuyjz sur l'fooãlãrftjur jt trfvfclljz kur.
[JOEMCVZJ & OHFOECM@ Kjs nhuvjnjmts kj ohurtj fnplctukj jt ajfuohup kj pucssfmoj phur orãjr umj ãmhrnj cmtjmsctã ofrkch. Oj nhrojfu jst um trfvfcl drfotchmmã, oj quc sc`mcdcj qu'umj dhcs lf ohnacmfcshm ohnplåtj jm plfoj ‟ mhus trfvfcllhms kur! Cmstflljz ljs drfppjs scnpljnjmt jm utclcsfmt kjs ohmsc`mjs ohurtjs jt kcrjotjs ofr vhtrj `rhupj sjrf jm trfcm kj trfvfclljr trås kur. Kfms lf sjohmkj nhctcã utclcsjz lj Mcvjfu 1 ‟ Ohmsc`mjs kj @jstchm kj l'Cmtjmsctã phur jmohurf`jr plus kj pucssfmoj fu mcvjfu kjs ohups kj ohukj jt kj `jmhu. • “Ycvhtjz thut lj ohrps sur lj ohup kj ohukj, phur orãjr um ãmhrnj trfvfcl trfvfcl ku ojmtrj ku ohrps„ • “Thus vhuljz plus k'cmtjmsctã8 Ljvjz lf phctrcmj eft jt dhujttjz plus vctj fvjo lj ohukj!„ • kj Qãoupãrftchm ‟ Qjspcrjz fvjo nhc, rjoefr`jz kj trfvfclljr kur!„ • “Yefsj “? mcvjfux k'cmtjmsctã é vjmcr, vjmcr , Qummcm` Nfm ‟ utclcsjz vhsfvfmt efmoejs, pucs tcrjz, nfcmtjmfmt ljvjz ljs arfs fu-kjssus kj lf tçtj„ Jm fpprjmfmt é vhs pfrtcocpfmts ohnnjmt `ãrjr ljur cmtjmsctã cls pjuvjmt flljr plus lhcm kfms l'jmtrfímjnjmt jt rjphussjr ljurs lcnctjs sur ljs ohnacmfcshms hu oflnjr um pju lj gju jt rjspcrjr qufmk l'jmtrfímjnjmt kjvcjmt vrfcnjmt cmtjmsj.
Nufy [efc Ohup kj Ohukj Ocroulfcrj K • Nfcms jm @frkj Nufy [efè • Drfppjz vjrs l'fvfmt fvjo lj Ohukj Frrcårj, jm aflfyfmt ehrczhmtfljnjmt • Kãohlljz lj tflhm frrcårj jt thurmjz fvjo pucssfmoj fu mcvjfu ku ojmtrj ku ohrps
• @jmhux shupljs @jmhux Qummcm` Nfm • • • •
[crjz lj `jmhu vjrs l'fvfmt, tcrjz ljs arfs fux efmoejs Vufmk vhus oefm`jz kj gfnaj, phussjz l'futrj gfnaj jm frrcårj [crjz lj `jmhu frrcårj vjrs l'fvfmt jt rjohnnjmojz Aflfmojz ljs efmoejs qufmk vhus drfppjz
• Hptchm ‟ @jmhu _cnplj @ pucs K
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
5
YHPJQ [QFCMCM@ ?
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
[jrncmjz lj ohnaft jm vhus dhoflcsfmt sur lj ohfoecm` kjs kcddãrjmtjs tjoemcqujs kj Kcrjot
Kymfncquj, Jupehrcquj,
phur orãjr nusoulfcrj. umj ãmhrnj cmtjmsctã ofrkch jt kj lf pucssfmoj
Yucssfmt
NZ_CVZJ 9799 Cmtrh (_ymteã) 9769 X ct–s tjfrcm` 9764 C–n prfycm` 9716 Thcx
(Coe Mc C K)
97;:
…th ny ejfrt X
6715 Cmstr (_ymteã efut) 67?3 67:9 1796 1711 17;; ?79: :715 :7?3
O6 O6 O6 Qjd Qjd1 Thcx Cmstr Qjd1
X C flwfys tehu`et X C–vj efk f X Khm–t yhu bmhw X Ehw lhm` wcll X Ehw lhm` wcll (Coe Mc C K) (_ymteã efut) C wfmt yhu
:7:: Cmstr (@uctfrj efutj) 4764 Qjd X Ehw lhm` wcll 47?3 Hutrh (_ymteã)
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ ;x5 1x5 1x5
Yhsctchm kj Ohnaft @ Jtcrjnjmt kj l'Jpfulj @ Jtcrjnjmt kj l'Jpfulj K
3x5 F Orhoejt @, K Kcrjot, Orhcsã, Orhoejt 64x5 F6 Kcrjot @, Orhcsã K x1 Orhoejt @, K ;x5 A _ãqujmoj Kcrjots Kcrjot @ ;x5 A6 Kcrjot Jolfcr @ ;x5 A1 Kcrjot _futã @ 5x5 A? Kcrjot Tcssã _futã @ 5x5 F6 Qãpãtjr Ohnah Kcrjot Orhcsã Orhoejt 5x5 Ohursj @, K
AHUJ
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN ?1 64 64
AHU
;
65x
; ;
64x
1 1 1 1 5 1
64x 64x 64x ?1x 5x ?1x
1
64x
QJYJ[JQ _JVZJMOJ_ F é 1mk F 6 ‟ é K ;x5 4 x5
Ohursj @, K
@frkj Dfoj
O Kcrjot @ x1 Kcrjot K x1 5x5 F1 Kcrjot @, K x1 Orhoejt @, K 5x5 K Kcrjot @, K Yhcm` @ vjrs lj ocjl phur tjrncmjr
; ; ; ; 1
4x 5x ?1x
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
_urrjmkjr = 47;6 ncms _urrjmkjr
5
Jmkurfmoj ofrkch jt ohups cmojssfmts phur tjrncmjr lj ohurs jm dhroj! Thtrj `rhupj vf fkhrjr lj oeflljm`j jt lf phussãj dcmflj phur njmjr é lf dcm kj l'jmtrfímjnjmt ‟ surthut sc vhus ljs jmohurf`jz, nhtcvjz jt cmspcrjz é dcmcr dhrt. Thus fvjz kãgé ohfoeã lf nfgjurj pfrtcj kjs ohups kj nfcmtjmfmt ohnahs rfpckjnjmt pucs lj jm `rhupj é mj pfsphcm` láoejrfvfmt jt é khmo sj afttrj gusqu'fucmstflljz ahut. Ljljs dhous olã kj oj nhrojfu jstnhtcvjz lj trfvfcl cmtjrvflljs sur ljs Kcrjots hó mhus fu`njmthms l'cmtjmsctã pjtct é pjtct phur kjs rãsultfts ofrkch jt nusoulfcrjs ãmhrnjs.
[JOEMCVZJ Ahxcm` Kcrjot _futã • Jm ljvfmt lj `jmhu fu-kjssus kj vhtrj tfcllj vhus ãljvjz lf drãqujmoj ofrkcfquj kfvfmtf`j jt aròljz kjs oflhrcjs plus vctj. Ohnnj mhus l'fvhms kct fupfrfvfmt, oj m'jst pfs umj tjoemcquj kj Ahxj futejmtcquj ‟ nfcs o'jst um cmorhyfalj trfvfcl ofrkch!
Kcrjot Tcssã • Fghutjz umj_futã rhtftchm ku phc`mjt é lf dcm kj lf drfppj jm thurmfmt vhtrj ohukj vjrs l'jxtãrcjur. l'jxtãrcjur. Ojlf fu`njmtj l'fotcvftchm nusoulfcrj kj l'ãpfulj jt dhroj lj ojmtrj kj vhtrj ohrps é trfvfclljr kur phur nfcmtjmcr l'ãquclcarj ‟ [rfvfcl Qãfotcd ku Ojmtrj ku Ohrps Mcvjfu 1 ‟ @jstchm kj l'Cmtjmsctã Khmmjz kjs ohmsc`mjs pjrnjttfmt kj kcncmujr hu k'fu`njmtjr l'cmtjmsctã jst jssjmtcjl phur quj vhs pfrtcocpfmts trfvfclljmt fussc kur quj phsscalj ‟ nçnj sc ojlf sc`mcdcj qu'cls khcvjmt oflnjr um pju lj gju phur phuvhcr trfvfclljr plus kur pfr lf suctj. Jmohurf`jz-ljs qufmk vhus rjvjmjz kfms lf ohnah kfms lf sjohmkj nhctcã ‟ kctjs-ljur kj rãkucrj um pju l'cmtjmsctã, kj sjmtcr ljs nusoljs sj rãhxy`ãmjr pucs kj rjvjmcr phur orãjr umj ãmhrnj vctjssj jt pucssfmoj tfmkcs quj vhus ljs nhtcvjrjz é trfvfclljr kur é mhuvjfu.
Mcvjfu ? ‟ pfrtcj Nhtcvftchm Lf nfgjurj ku ohfoecm` cnphrtfmt f ãtã vu kfms ljs nhrojfux kj Ahxj prãoãkjmts. Qfppjljz rfpckjnjmt ljs ohmsc`mjs olãs phur oefquj drfppj pucs utclcsjz vhtrj nhtcvftchm phur qu'cls rjstjmt jm`f`ãs ‟ cls sjrhmt jm trfcm kj dftc`ujr é oj stfkj ku ohurs. Zmj nhtcvftchm Cmtrcmsåquj, sj dhoflcsfmt sur oj quj rjssjmtjmt ljs pfrtcocpfmts, vf ljs ohmmjotjr é l'cmtjmsctã kj l'jmtrfímjnjmt quj vhus vcvjz jmsjnalj ‟ “M'jst-oj pfs jxtrfhrkcmfcrj8 Thus flljz çtrj thut jxoctãs pjmkfmt thut lj rjstj kj lf ghurmãj!„ Hu vhus phuvjz utclcsjr umj nhtcvftchm jxtrcmsåquj jt vhus dhoflcsjr sur ljs hagjotcds peyscqujs kj vhtrj `rhupj7 “Nfcmtjmfmt mhus kjsscmhms lj efut ku khs, rjmdhràhms lj ohjur jt ljs phunhms jt mhus fddcmhms lf tfcllj!„
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
3
QJMDHQOJNJM[
DHOZ_
DJJLCM@
Qjmdhrojnjmt `lhafl ku ojmtrj ku ohrps ‟ ohfoejz oefquj _wf`, _trjjt, Ecp Ehp phsctchm olfcrjnjmt jt khmmjz kjs hptchms sc mãojssfcrj
QJMDHQOJNJM[ NNF
phur quj vhtrj `rhupj rjstj kfms l'jmtrfímjnjmt.
NZ_CVZJ
_JVZJMOJ/JUJQOCOJ
9799 Cmtrh (F-ohups)
; x5
9716 O6
5x5 F Orumoe jm Ehvjr Lftãrfl x? ‟ Alhqujr sur lj ?ånj Orumoe (_ur ljs ; kjrmcjrs ots rhuljr jm Ehvjr)
5
NNF 5x QDH
;x5 A Ehvjr ‟ Huvrcr, huvrcr, djrnjr, djrnjr (Gfnaj fvfmt k'fahrk) Hptchm7 Yhsjr ljs `jmhux
;
5x
64 64
1x
5
5x
; 64
5x
[ejy ofm sfy
679? Qjd [eft C, C, C
671; Cmstr (_ymte secnnjr) 67;4 O1 Fll u upp hm ct 1715 Qjd [eft C, C, C 17;3 Qfp @h efrk hr 17:3
Ohulkm–t jvjm
?7?6 Ar Pejrj kjn ?7:1 Qjd [eft C, C, C
_'cmstflljr jm Ehvjr Lftãrfl (vjrs l'fvfmt)
O[_ QJ QJY_ FN
5x5 O Ehvjr ‟ Jxtjmschm Ar Arfs @, Gfnaj K Ehvjr ‟ Jxtjmschm Arfs K, Gfnaj @ 5x5 F Orumoe jm Ehvjr Lftãrfl x? (vjrs lj dhmk) ;x5 A Ehvjr ‟ Huvrcr, huvrcr, djrnjr, djrnjr (Gfnaj frrcårj k'fahrk) 1x5 1x5 Qh Qhul uljr jr vj vjrs rs lj dhmk. dhmk. Cmst Cmstfl fllj ljrr l'l'Jx Jxtj tjms msch chmm kj Gfnajs, gfnajs é 39¹ 4 x5
; x5 ?¾x5
Fllhm`jr ljs gfnajs é ;:¹ ‟ Hptchm7 Fltjrmjr umj gfnaj pucs l'futrj Kjsojmkrj Ljvjr é ;:¹ Qfnjmjr ljs gfnajs é 39 ¹ Qãpãtjr Jxtjmschm kj Gfnajs ‟ Fghutjr lj Orumoe
?1
1 1 1 1 5
4x ;x
; ;
?¾x
Ocsjfux vjrs lj afs ‟ Gfnajs tjmkujs hu [fp Hrtjcls @, K, @ K, @, K
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Efrk = ;766 ncms Efrk
3
Zm rjmdhrojnjmt ohnpljt ku ojmtrj ku ohrps phur rjmdhrojr thus ljs nusoljs quc mhus shutcjmmjmt qufmk mhus ahu`jhms jt mhus pjrnjttjmt kj trfmsdãrjr lf pucssfmoj é trfvjrs lj ohrps jddcofojnjmt. Ojs jxjrocojs hmt ã`fljnjmt lj aãmãdcoj kj rjmdhrojr ljs nusoljs quj mhus utclcshms jm AHKSOHNAF AHKSOHNAF[ [ phur ékhmmjr phcm` jt kjs bcobs, oj quc kfms tjnps, plus rfpckjs. fckjrf vhs pfrtcocpfmts drfppjrkjs plusohups dhrt, kj fvjo um njclljur ohmtrûlj, phur kjsljrãsultfts
[JOEMCVZJ & OHFOECM@ Orumoe jm Ehvjr Lftãrfl • Ohukj shus l'ãpfulj, ãpfuljs l'umj fu-kjssus kj l'futrj jt arfs ku kjssus tjmku vjrs lj plfdhmk
• Efmoejs flc`mãjs fvjo ljs ãpfuljs ‟ ãvctjz kj lfcssjr ljs efmoejs thnajr • Hptchm7 _ur um `jmhu hu pcjks kãoflãs • Ljvjz ljs efmoejs, kjnc fnplctuk fnplctukjj supãrcjurj ssur ur lj rytenj x?, alhqujz sur lj ?ånj
Ehvjr ‟ Nfroej • Arfs pfrfllåljs shus lf phctrcmj, ohukjs kcrjotjnjmt shus ljs ãpfuljs • Jpfuljs jt efmoejs flc`mãjs • Fakhs ohmtrfotãs jt khs lhm` jt krhct jm phsctchm mjutrj kj lf ohlhmmj vjrtãarflj • Lhm`uj gfnajs, tjmschm kfms ljs qufkrcojps • Nfroejz fvjo ljs pcjks, huvrjz, huvrjz, djrnjz, djrnjz • Hptchm7 _ur ljs `jmhux ‟ @jmhux vjrs lj efut, lj efut, lj afs, lj afs
Ehvjr ‟ Jxtjmschm ku Arfs jt kj lf Gfnaj • Arfs pfrfllåljs shus lf phctrcmj, fvjo ljs ohukjs kcrjotjnjmt shus ljs ãpfuljs • Jpfuljs jt efmoejs flc`mãjs • Fakhs ohmtrfotãs jt khs lhm` jt krhct fvjo lf ohlhmmj jm phsctchm mjutrj • Lhm`ujs gfnajs, tjmschm kfms ljs qufkrcojps • Fllhm`jz arfs jt gfnaj hpphsãj jt rjstjz. kj jt l'futrj oûtã.mjutrj @frkjz ljs efmoejs jt ljs ãpfuljs flc`mãjs pfr rfpphrt fu shl, fakhsQãpãtjz ohmtrfotãs ohlhmmj
Ohnacmfcshm Jxtjmschm & Orumoe • [jmkjz ljs gfnajs é ;: kj`rãs • Kjsojmkjz-ljs jt tcrjz-ljs vjrs lf phctrcmj • @frkjz ljs fakhs ohmtrfotãs, ohmtrfotãs, afs ku khs vjrs lj shl
pjmkfmt thut lj nhuvjnjmt
• Hptchm7 Zmj gfnaj é lf dhcs • Fghutjz um Orumoe jm tcrfmt ljs gfnajs vjrs vhus phur plus k'cmtjmsctã ‟
rj`frk jmtrj ljs `jmhux Ocsjfux kj Gfnajs ?x
• [jmkjz ljs gfnajs jt afcssjz lf gfnaj @, K, @ jt rjstjz. Qãpãtjz é K
• @frkjz fakhs ohmtrfotãs, ku khs vjrs lj shl pjmkfmt thut lj nhuvjnjmt Hptchm7 [ljs fp Hrtjcls, gfnajs é 39afs kj`rãs
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
69 QJ[HZQ FZ OFLNJ NZ_CVZJ 9799 9761 O6
(@rfttj @uctfrj) C–n f strfc`et
O[_ QJY_ 4x5 _'cms _'cmstflljr tflljr ddfoj foj fu `rhupj `rhupj sur sur ljs `jmhux `jmhux Jtcrjnjmt Fkkuotjurs @
@otjurs Bfrftã 971; C–n f lhmj 97?0 X Lhob sthob twh ;x5 Fllhm`jr Jtcrjn Jtcrjnjmt jmtArfs Fkku Fkkuotj urs K 97;3 YQjd X Fmk C khm–t Fllhm`jr Arfs K Bfrftã
64
C–n f strfc`et
5x5 Jtcrjn Jtcrjnjmt jmt Dlãoecssj Dlãoecssjurs urs kj Efmoej K
64
Fghutjr Jtcrjnjmt [rcojps [rcojps @, K Jtcrjnjmt Dlãoecssjurs kj Efmoej @ ‟ Nfcms jmtrjlfoãjs kfms lj khs sur ljs ; kjrmcårjs ohnptjs Jtcrjnjmt kj lf Yhctrcmj Kãrhuljr vjrs lj efut Qjd …ny afttlj ory ;x5 Jtcr Jtcrjnj jnjmt mt Clchtc Clchtcacf acfll @ Ar Hhhhhe Jtcrjnjmt Clchtcacfl K …khwm Ar ?x5 Jtcr Jtcrjnj jnjmt mt kj l'Jpf l'Jpfulj ulj K …mhw Jtcrjnjmt kj l'Jpfulj @ …mhw Jtcrjnjmt ku Efut ku Khs ‟ Jmrhuljr phc`mjts fux oûtjs YQjd X Fmk C kh khm–t ;x5 Bfr Bfrftã ftã Yumoe Yumoe @, @, K, K, @ wfmmf Qfnjmjr pcjk @ kjvfmt l'futrj ‟ @frkj oûtã @ Dfcrj um pfs jm @frkj Lfr`j, jmrhuljr phc`mjts fux oûtjs Qãpãtjr é K
64
676; O1
179; 1760 1713 17?: 17;6 17;0
64 64 64
…ny afttlj ory 1x5 _futjr _futjr,, pcjks pcjks lfr`jnjmt lfr`jnjmt jspfoãs jspfoãs Khualj Jtcrjnjmt kjs Csoechs
6796 Qjd
6715 67;9 67:1 67:5
64 64
C–ll ehhb yhu X Lhob sthob twh X Fmk C khm–t X Fmk C khm–t
?761 Hutrh (Afcssj - jfu)
_flujr phur tjrncmjr
64 5 5 64 64 5 5 5 ; 1 1 5
1x
AHKSOHNAF[ 40
Afttlj Ory = ?765 ncms
69
OHFOECM@ Fprås um hurf`fm kj ohups kj phcm`, kj bcobs jt kj trfvfcl kj rjmdhrojnjmt cmtjmsj jnprumtã fux Frts Nfrtcfux, vhus jt vhs pfrtcocpfmts flljz fpprãocjr lj dfct k'ãtcrjr ljs nusoljs jt kj prhdctjr k'umj rãoupãrftchm acjm nãrctãj. Ljs ãtcrjnjmts shmt plus lhm`s phur lf nfgjurj pfrtcj kjs `rhupjs nusoulfcrjs, jt ojlf pjrnjttrf umj rãoupãrftchm plus rfpckj jt fnãlchrjrf lf shupljssj kj vhs pfrtcocpfmts. Yrjmjz vhtrj tjnps phur ohfoejr vhtrj `rhupj sur oefquj ãtcrjnjmt jt dãlcoctjz-ljs phur s'çtrj foorhoeãs gusqu'coc jt s'çtrj afttus gusqu'fu ahut. O'jst lj ahm nhnjmt phur rãdlãoecr fux jddhrts foohnplcr jt njttrj um pju kj pfcx jm oefquj pjrshmmj fvfmt qu'jllj mj rjthurmj é sjs fotcvctãs quhtckcjmmjs. Vujl jmtrfímjnjmt ãpcquj jt qujllj jxpãrcjmoj jxtrfhrkcmfcrj mhus fvhms vãou fvjo ljs trfcmjrs jm _uåkj quc shmt vjmus ku nhmkj jmtcjr phur khmmjr vcj é ojttj ãkctchm. Jt ohnnj thughurs ljs ohnafttfmts ‟ rjstjz vrfcs jt ohmtcmujz lj ohnaft!
© Ljs Nclls Cmtjrmftchmfl Ltk 1964
dfojahhb.ohn/ljsnclls
Iljsnclls
Iljsncllstrcaj
YHZQ AJMJDCOCJQ KJ 1:% KJ QJKZO[CHM _ZQ QJKZO[CHM _ZQ LJ_ TÇ[JNJM[_ * & OEFZ__ZQJ_ CM_OQCTJW-THZ_ _ZQ QJJAHBHMJ QJMKJW-THZ_ _ZQ QJJAHBHMJ.OHN *TFLFALJ YHZQ LJ_ CM_[QZO[JZQ_ KFM_ LJ_ YFS_ YQHYH_FM[ QJJAHBHMJ
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