Blue Book 2013

2013

The BSRIA Blue Book Key contacts Conversion data Key performance indicators Market statistics Legislation and financial information

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2013

The BSRIA Blue Book This publication has been produced by BSRIA and designed by Studio 24/7 www.studio-24-7.com

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher. ©BSRIA

ISSN 1752-2722 (Print) December 2012

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Introduction “There is no blue without yellow and without orange.” Vincent Van Gogh Well, the BSRIA Blue Book is colour coded with yellow and orange too and dare I say a mini-masterpiece in itself. Check out the yellow section for the latest BSRIA publications, which are available as free downloads to member companies. The orange pages contain a valuable listing of the many and varied trade and professional organisations in the industry. The remaining palette holds everything from legislation and technical data, to construction forecasts and KPIs. Nevertheless, the Blue Book isn’t just a pretty picture. Make sure you take a copy in your pocket wherever you go – if you need practical information and technical advice, our BSRIA experts are only a phone call away on +44 (0)1344 465571.

Andrew Eastwell Chief Executive, BSRIA Ltd December 2012

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Table of contents 8

Technical data

8 Benchmarks for good practice energy consumption 8 Calorific values 8 Carbon dioxide emissions 9 Conversion factors 10 Conversion factors (pressure) 11 Cost of M&E services 12 Annual solar radiation kWh/m2 12 Floor space allocation for occupants 13 Heating degree-days 14 Recommended comfort criteria Normal and best practice for airtightness 15 15 Thermal conductivities 15 Specific heat 16 Rules of thumb for thermal loads 17 CO2 emissions per unit of electricity 17 Historic U values 17 Flow rate conversion factors 18 Embodied energy database statistics

20 Building running costs 20

Average service charges

21 Legislation 22

New legislation

23 Key BSRIA experts 24 33 34

Technical experts Market intelligence experts Business experts

35 Key industry contacts

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Table of contents 47 Membership

60 Building services industry

48 49 51 53 55 56 56

61 61 62 63 64 64 65 66 67

Clients Consulting engineers Contractors Manufacturers Other Members Quasi Members Honorary Members

Construction output forecasts Heating and cooling products M&E £m at current prices Construction output forecasts new work Energy consumption by generation source Renewable energy use UK building stock Consultants’ workload survey Market intelligence

57 Maintenance KPIs 57 58 59

Overview % scoring 8 or more Relationship KPI

68 BSRIA training courses 69 Publications 69 70

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Publication sets New publications

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Table of contents 71 BSRIA services 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82

91 Calendar

Construction compliance FM support Design support BSRIA test BSRIA Cert Instrument Solutions Worldwide Market Intelligence Membership Information Centre Bookshop Training and events Research

83 Useful financial information 83 85 88

VAT rates Tax facts Tax relief for building work

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Technical data Values for energy consumption are for delivered energy used per unit of floor area. Areas in m2 are gross internal area, measured as RICS gross internal area (GIA).

Benchmarks for good practice energy consumption (kWh/m2 per annum gross internal area)

Calorific values 2011 (GJ per tonne)

Building type



Net

Gross

Fuel oil Gas/diesel oil Butane and propane (LPG)

40.7 42.7 46.0

43.3 45.4 49.3

Bar, pub or licensed club Clinic Cultural venue Dry sports and leisure facility Emergency services High street agency Hospital (clinical or research) Hotel Large food store Large non-food retail Office Schools and seasonal public buildings Storage facility Swimming pool centre University campus Workshop

Electricity Fossil thermal 130 350 70 200 70 200 95 330 70 390 140 90 420 105 330 400 105 70 170 95 120 40 150 35 245 80 35

Source: Energy Benchmarks, CIBSE Guide TM46:2008

160 1130 240 180

Source: Digest of United Kingdom Energy Statistics (DUKES) 2012

Carbon dioxide emission factors Fuel

Carbon emission factor (kgCO2 /kWh unit)

Mains gas 0.198 LPG 0.245 Heating oil 0.274 Wood pellets 0.028 Wood chips 0.009 Grid supplied electricity 0.517 Grid displaced electricity 0.529 Waste heat 0.058 Dual fuel (mineral + wood) 0.206 Source: Rules of Thumb Guidelines for Building Services 5th edition, BSRIA BG 9/2011

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Technical data Conversion factors Unit

Imperial

SI (Exact)

SI (Approx)

Unit

Imperial

SI (Exact)

SI (Approx)

Length Area Volume Mass Density

1 in 1 ft 3.28 ft 1 yard 1 mile 1 sq. in 1 sq. ft 10.77 sq. ft 1 sq. yd 1 cu. in 1 cu. ft 35.32 cu. ft 1 pint 1 gallon 1 lb 2.205 lb 1 ton 1 lb/cu.ft

25.4 mm 0.3048 m 1m 0.9144 m 1.609 km 645.2 mm2 0.093 m2 1 m2 0.836 m2 16.39 cm3 28.32 litre 1 m3 0.568 litre 4.546 litre 0.4536 kg 1 kg 1.016 tonne 16.02 kg/m3

25 mm 0.3 m

Volume flow rate Velocity Heat Heat flow rate Intensity of heat flow rate Transmittance (U value) Conductivity (k value)

1 gall/min 1 cu.ft/min 1 ft/min 197 ft/min 1 mile/hr 1 Btu 1 ‘Old therm’ (1000,000 Btu) 1 Btu/hr 1 horsepower 1 tonne refrig. (12,000 Btu/hr) 1 Btu/hr sq.ft

0.076 litre/s 0.472 litre/s 0.0051 m/s 1.0 m/s 0.447 m/s 1.055 kj 105.5 Mj

0.08 litre/s 0.5 litre/s 0.005 m/s

0.2931 W 745.7 W 3.517 kW

0.3 W 750 W 3.5 kW

3.155 W/m2

3 W/m2

5.67 W/m2K

6 W/m2K

0.9 m 1.6 km 650 mm2 0.1 m2 0.84 m2 16 cm3 28 litre 0.6 litre 4.5 litre 0.45 kg 1 tonne 16 kg/m3

1 Btu/hr sq.ft oF

0.5 m/s 1 kj 100 Mj

1 Btu in/hr sq.ft oF 0.1442 W/m2K 0.15 W/m2K

Source: Rules of Thumb Guidelines for Building Services 5th edition, BSRIA BG 9/2011

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Technical data Conversion factors (pressure) Units bar mbar Pa kPa In. H2O mm. H2O Ib/in2 (PSI)

bar

mbar 1 100 0

Pa

kPa

In. H2O

mm. H2O

lb/in2 (PSI)

100,000

100

401

10,200

14.5

0.001

1

100

0.1

0.401

10.2

0.0145

0.00001

0.01

1

0.001

0.00401

0.102

0.000145

0.01

10

1000

1

4.01

102

0.145

0.0025

2.49

249

0.249

1

25.4

0.0361

0.0000981

0.0981

9.81

0.00981

0.0394

1

0.00142

0.0689

68.9

0.00689

6.89

27.7

703

1

Source: Conversion Factors for Units, BS 350:2004, BSI

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Technical data Cost of M&E services by type of building and service Type of building

Type of service and building

M&E services £/m2 GIA

Offices

Air conditioned (owned) Air conditioned (let) Not air-conditioned (owned) Not air-conditioned (let)

510 420 - 450 300 - 325 270 - 285

Factory

Purpose-built for owner

120 - 180

Warehouse

High bay (owned)

90 - 195

Education

Secondary school (academy)

320 - 390

Hospitals

District general Private

440 - 620 700 - 750

Leisure centres

Natural ventilation Comfort cooled

300 400

Source: SPON’s Mechanical and Electrical Services Price Book 2012, 43rd Edition

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Technical data Annual solar radiation, kWh/m2

Floor space allocation for occupants

Tilt of collector South

Type of building or space

Recommendation

General offices and commercial buildings

8 – 13 m2



Legislative requirement

Offices, shops and railway premises

3.7 m2 (minimum)

Orientation of collector SE/SW E/W NE/NW North

Horizontal

961

30°

913

1073

1027

785

730

45°

1054

997

854

686

640

60°

989

927

776

597

500

Vertical

746

705

582

440

371

Sources: British Council for Offices Guide to Specification 2009, Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act 1963

Source: SAP 2009: The Government’s Standard Assessment Procedure for Energy Rating of Dwellings, v.9.90 2010

BSRIA’s Legislation and Compliance resource is available free to members: www.bsria.co.uk/legislation

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Technical data Heating degree-days, 20 year average 1992 – 2012 (to base 15.5C) Thames Valley South East Southern South West Severn Valley Midlands West Pennines North West Borders North East East Pennines East Anglia West Scotland East Scotland N E Scotland N W Scotland Wales N Ireland

Sep 43 61 50 46 48 67 70 87 84 79 62 60 89 92 102 102 61 80

Oct 115 140 121 103 124 157 156 176 163 169 149 145 179 181 194 182 133 164

Nov 212 236 210 182 209 247 245 255 245 260 246 249 258 269 271 248 210 244

Dec 310 334 307 266 309 348 349 362 337 361 350 350 360 369 370 328 297 333

Jan 306 335 313 274 303 342 337 351 333 348 340 348 346 360 353 326 307 334

Feb 267 294 275 246 263 297 290 307 291 299 294 304 300 310 315 297 273 290

Mar 238 265 255 237 241 274 273 295 289 284 271 278 293 298 306 302 267 281

Apr 160 187 186 180 174 201 199 222 231 212 197 199 217 231 242 235 209 210

May 92 115 110 113 102 129 127 152 172 148 128 126 155 176 183 190 141 146

Jun 37 52 51 53 41 61 65 83 95 77 61 63 83 92 104 118 75 77

Jul 18 28 26 24 20 34 37 48 53 43 33 33 50 56 62 76 40 46

Aug 18 28 25 22 20 33 37 51 51 46 32 31 54 58 65 69 36 48

Source: Degree Days Direct: http://www.vesma.com/ddd

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Technical data Recommended comfort criteria Building/room type

Winter operative temperature (°C)

Summer operative temperature (°C)

Suggested air supply (l/s per person

Maintained illuminance (lux)

Offices 20 2 24 2 10 300-500 for VDU use 500 for paper-based tasks Retailing – shopping malls 12-19 21-25 10 50-300 – small shops 19-21 21-23 10 500 – supermarkets 19-21 21-23 10 750/1000 Banks, building societies, post offices – counters 19-21 21-23 10 – public areas 19-21 21-23 10 Relative humidity for comfort

500 300

40-60%

Sources: BCO Guide to Specification, 2009; CIBSE Guide A, 2006

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Technical data

Normal and best practice for airtightness

Thermal conductivities (W/mK)

Type Air permeability m3/(h.m2)@50Pa Dwellings

Best practice

Normal

Naturally ventilated 5.0 7.0 Mechanically ventilated 1.0 5.0 PassivHaus Standard -