Blood Transfusion

 

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

 

DEFINITION Blood transfusion is the introducon process introducon process of transfusing the blood (whole blood or erythrocytes, tes, platelets, plasma into the components of blood) of whole blood such as erythrocy venous circulaon Serum circulaon Serum (RBC, platelets) and plasma (FFB, cryoprecipate).

 

MASSIVE BLOOD TRANSFUSION (MBT)  It is dened as the transfusion of more than 10 units of blood in a 24-hour period.

The indicaton for MBT is based on •

Hemorrhagic shock

•

Polytrauma

•

Peri-operave transfusion

 

PURPOSE To restore restore /replace the loss blood volume. To raise the Hb level in cases of severe anemia.

To combat infecon in leucopenia.

To provide anbodies to immunocompromised.

To treat deciencies of plasma protein, clong factors or hemophilic globulin and platelet.

 

BLOOD COMPONENETS

 

BLOOD COMPONENTS

Whole Blood

Cell componens PRBC

Granulocyes

WBC NonGranulocyes

Neurophils Basophils Eosinophils

lymphocyes Monocyes

Plasma componens Plaeles

RDP

FFP

SDP

Cryoprecipiae

 

1. WHOLE BLOOD •

It is used to treat paents who need all the components of blood.

It takes 12-24 hours for haemoglobin and hematocrit to rise in the body aer transfusion.

Indicatons •

Blood loss due to trauma or surgery.

Sorage

: 2-6 degree c

Volume

: 350 ml

Expiry

: 35 days

Transfusion tme: 3 - 4 hours

 

WHOLE BLOOD Complicaons  Volume

overload

 Transmission  Transfusion

of blood borne diseases

reacon



 Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia

 Citrate

intoxicon

 Hypocalcemia

STORAG E

 

2. PACKED RED BLOOD CELL (PRBC)

•

 Red blood cells are prepared from whole blood by removing removin g the plasma.

•

 Provide twice the amount of hemoglobin as an equivalent amount of whole blood. Storage Volume

: 4 - 6 degree c : 300 ml

Expiry

: 35 /42 days

Transfusion me: 3 - 4 hours

 

PACKED RED BLOOD CELL (PRBC) Indicatons •

 Symptomac anemia

•

 Decreased bone marrow producon & red cell survival condions

•

 Bleeding

•

 Recommended trigger value Hb