Blood Component Therapy

I. Blood Transfusion 





is the process of taking blood- or bloodbased products from one individual and inserting them into the circulatory system of another

Component 1. Whole blood 2. PRBC

it is done in cases of massive blood loss due to trauma, surgery, shock and where the cell mechanism fails

3. Buffy-coat poor RBC

Primarily used to treat two conditions: a. inadequate oxygen-carrying capacity because of anemia or blood loss b. insufficient coagulation protein to provide adequate hemostasis



B. Components Available for Transfusion and Potential Recipients

4. Washed cells

red

5. Frozen thawed rbc

Two types of transfusions: a Autologous transfusion- the blood donor and the recipient are the same b. Allogenic transfusion- blood is transfused to someone other than the donor



Component Therapy- transfusion of the specific component needed by the patient or recipient. This can treat several patients with the blood from one donor, giving optimal use of every donation of blood

II. Blood Component Preparation and Storage

6. Fresh plasma

frozen

7. Stored plasma 8. Cryoprecipitate

A. Components of Whole Blood:   

Each unit of blood collected may be transfused as whole blood or split into components. The components may be transfused to different recipient as the need arises. Dividing a unit of whole blood into components is a common practice that optimizes the use of blood as a therapeutic material.

9. Platelet concentrate 10. Leukocyte concentrate

Potential Recipient Hemorrhage Hemorrhage, anemia, surgical loss Anemia with sensitivity to white cells Anemia with sensitivity to white cells and or plasma components Anemia with sensitivity to white cells and or plasma components; transfusion to individuals with rare blood types or atypical antibodies; autologous storage Coagulation deficiencies, combined with massive red cell transfusion, disseminated intravascular degeneration Fluid Replacement Hemophiliacs, Factor VIII and Fibrinogen deficiency, Disseminated intravascular degeneration Thrombocytopenia, consumption coagulopathy Severe leukopenia

1

C. Procedure I: Component Preparation from a Single Unit of Blood

Component

Whole blood

Centrifuge

Packed Red Cell

Plasma

Leukocyte poor packed cells

Liquid Plasma

FFP

Cryoprecipitate plus Liquid Plasma

Washed Cells

Frozen Cells

D. Procedure II

Whole blood

Lightly Centrifuge

Platelet Rich Plasma

Packed Red Cell

Leukocyte poor packed cells

Washed Cells

Frozen Cells

Platelet Concentrate

E. Storage Components

Plasma (may be fresh frozen or liquid plasma)

FFP

Cryoprecipitate plus liquid plasma

Liquid Plasma

Time

and

Temperature

Storage Time

1. Whole Blood 21-42 days (anticoagulant /additive dependent) 2. Red cells 21-42 days (closed systemanticoagulant /additive dependent 3. Washed 24 hours after cells washing 4. Frozen Red 10 years Cells 5. Thawed 24 hours after deglycerolized thawing cells 6. Fresh Frozen 1 year Plasma 7. Single Donor 5 days after Liquid Plasma expiration of the original unit or 12 months 8. Thawed 24 hours Fresh Frozen Plasma 9. 12 months Cryoprecipitate 10. Thawed 6 hours Cryoprecipitate 11. Platelet 72 to 120 Concentrate hours (container dependent) 12. Leukocyte Up to 24 Concentrate hours

for

Storage Temperature 1-6°C

1-6°C

1-6°C