Editor: Lee Holden Illustrations: Udon Jandee Computer Graphics: Saisunee Yongyod Layout: Siriporn Chaimongkol Production Manager: Suthisa Chaisarn Co-Writer: Chong-Mi Mueller Project Manager: W.U. Wei © North Star Trust First published in 2007 by:
Universal Healing Tao Publications
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[email protected] Website: universal-tao.com Manufactured in Thailand ISBN: 974-94719-3-8 All rights reserved. No part of this booklet may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission from the author, with the exception of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Anyone who undertakes these practices on the basis of this booklet alone, does so entirely at his or her own risk.
Chi Nei Tsang III Muscle, Tendon and Meridian Massage
Mantak Chia
Edited by:
Lee Holden
Contents Introduction - Concept of Chi Nei Ching........................................1 Energy Channel Sen Sib...............................................................2 Background of Sen Sib.............................................................2 Names of Sen Sib....................................................................4 Circulatory System and Abdomen............................................4 Senprathansib (Energy Line) Massage Therapy......................... 18 Introduction..................................................................................19 Senprathansib Theory............................................................19 Principle of Point Pressing.....................................................19 How to Press the Points.........................................................19 How to find the Position to Press...........................................19 Duration of Pressing...............................................................20 Weight of Pressing.................................................................20 Caution when Pressing:.........................................................20 Do not Press:..........................................................................20 Muscle-Tendon Meridians...........................................................23 Neck....................................................................................... 24 Shoulder.................................................................................25 Navel and Abdomen...............................................................26 Muscle Region of the Gall Bladder Channel: ............................. 30 Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals...............................31 Muscle Region of the Liver Channel: .........................................32 Muscle Region of the Lung Channel: .........................................33 Muscle Region of the Large Intestine Channel: ......................... 34 Muscle Region of the Stomach Channel: ...................................35 Muscle Region of the Heart Channel: ........................................36 Muscle Region of the Small Intestine Channel: .......................... 37 Muscle Region of the Spleen Channel: ......................................38 Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel: .....................................39 Muscle Region of the Kidney Channel: ......................................40 Muscle Region of the Pericardium Channel: ..............................41 Muscle Region of the Triple Burner Channel: ............................. 42 Traditional Tok Sen......................................................................43
Indications..............................................................................45 Tok Sen Advantages...............................................................46 Six Pieces of Equipment for Tok Sen.....................................50 Tok Sen Techniques...............................................................51 Tok Sen Hammer Method for treating all Diseases................ 51 Positions.................................................................................53 Position 1- Supine.......................................................................55 Groin Pain..............................................................................64 Leg Pain.................................................................................65 Knee Pain...............................................................................67 Ankle Pain..............................................................................69 Position 2 - Prone........................................................................72 Spinal Pain.............................................................................73 Gua Sha .....................................................................................80 Gua Sha Therapy Technique..................................................82 Facial Gua Sha Massage.......................................................83
The meditations, practices and techniques described herein are not intended to be used as an alternative or substitute for professional medical treatment and care. If any readers are suffering from illnesses based on mental or emotional disorders, an appropriate professional health care practitioner or therapist should be consulted. Such problems should be corrected before you start training. This booklet does not attempt to give any medical diagnosis, treatment, prescription, or remedial recommendation in relation to any human disease, ailment, suffering or physical condition whatsoever.
Introduction Concept of Chi Nei Ching
Chi Nei Ching (Chi Nei Tsang III) is the fourth section of the Chi Nei Tsang series following Chi Nei Tsang I (Organ Massage), Chi Nei Tsang II (Channel Massage) and Karsai Nei Kung (Genital Massage) with Chi Nei Tsang III (Muscle, Tendon & Meridian Massage) as the last section. This is the final chapter of the Chi Nei Tsang Internal Massage moving the energy (Chi) throughout the body while releasing and opening up its passages. Throughout the massage sections in this book you will use the hand techniques (finger press, twisting & spiraling, hand scooping & wave techniques) used in Chi Nei Tsang I to open up and release the blockages in the following: Abdomen, Arteries, Muscles, Tendons, Vertebras, Shoulder Blades, Coccyx, Arms, Legs, Feet, Joints, Hands, Neck and Meridian Lines shown in the following pages. Tok Sen, which means “take off energy lines” in Thai, is a technique to clear blocked energy that is also introduced in this book. It uses mechanical and sound vibration, working deeply through the fascia and muscles. This unique healing modality is found only in the Chiang Mai area of Northern Thailand (Lanna). Tok Sen is thought to date back over 5000 years, and developed in Lanna while acupuncture developed in China. It is an energetic healing modality, and is still practiced in the rural areas. Tok Sen helps to improve energy flow and relieves aching muscles in Paralysis or Herniated Nucleus Pulposus patients. This book goes into greater detail and explanation for opening up the muscles, tendons and meridian lines in the body taught by Master Mantak Chia for your health and well-being.
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Energy Channel Sen Sib Background of Sen Sib The ancient Royal traditional Thai Medicine text indicates there are 72,000 channels spread from the abdominal cavity through the entire body via the ten major life energy channels called “Sen Sib”. These ten life energy paths (lines) are the heart of Thai massage and the basis of therapeutic Thai massage throughout the history of Thailand. Actual documentation confirms when and how Sen Sib originated from India and China. Essentially, Sen Sib is the Thai system of massage, which is used for numerous functions, including healing and maintenance of a healthy body. Like all massage, the Thai method entails stretching of the muscles and tendons as well compressing them. The unique and special feature of this treatment is the emphasis on the ten major energy channels. These “wind” channels are related to those found in Chinese medicine. There is also a relationship to traditional acupressure. The practitioner uses these techniques for assisted yoga stretching. They also apply their hands, thumbs, palms, elbows, feet and knees to facilitate pressure on significant parts of the body. This treatment releases energy, which assists with healing, rejuvenation and prevention of assorted ailments. The resulting balance not only helps with treatment of ailments, but it improves the overall quality of life. The Sen Sib are basically energy lines or channels for the flow of Chi throughout the body. Among the consequences of therapy is the removal of blockages as well as the release of nerves and blood vessels, which are “stuck” to bones. There are many beneficial consequences to the Thai system of massage. These include increased energy, relief of stress, internal balance as well as literal balance of the skeletal system, improved 2
circulation, detoxification of the body and an increased sense of well-being. This corrective has met the test of time and is unique to Thailand. It is a technique that is especially useful in the modern age; this is an age of hard work, tension and stress which causes a wide variety of maladies throughout the body, mind and spirit. An additional aspect of Thai massage that is beneficial is the fact that it softens armored areas of the body. Consequently, healing channels of the anatomy are opened and toxic material in the body is dissipated. This is useful not just for healing but for removing stagnation and blockages. Virtually a complete restoration, healing and maintenance of the body is possible with Thai massage therapy. For example, because circulation is improved, the heart benefits. Furthermore, because of the holistic nature of our systems, this can have far reaching positive consequences such as the reduction of swelling in different parts of the body. The muscles benefit because they are restored to a state of elasticity, which brings about improved mobility and movement. Thus, for example, exercise is easier and the muscles become stronger. The tendons also become more flexible and this helps prevent injury. The nervous system is maintained and toxins are released. Because overall function is improved, pain is reduced or eliminated. Moreover, internal organs have improved efficiency. Also, breathing is improved. This, of course, has profound ramifications throughout the body because respiration is vital for not only quality of life, but for life itself. Among the other aspects that are the beneficiaries of Thai massage therapy is improved digestion. This is partly because the entire digestive track is restored to, or maintained at, an optimal level of elasticity. Even relatively simple issues, such as minor indigestion, can be relieved with the appropriate therapy.
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Names of Sen Sib Sen Sib number
Royal text during King Rama V Sen Sib name
‘Tamla Loke Ni Tan’during King Rama 2 Sen Sib name
Wat Pho Epigraphs during King Rama 3 Sen Sib name
1 I-tha อิทา I-tha อิทา I-tha อิทา 2 Ping-kla ปิงคลา
Ping-kla ปิงคลา
Ping-kla ปิงคลา
3 Sum-ma-na สุมนา Sum-ma-na สุมนา Sum-ma-na สุมนา 4 Kan-la-ta-ree กาลทาลิ Kan-la-ta-ree กาลทาลิ Kan-la-ta-ree กาลทาลิ 5 Sa-had-sa-rang-sri สหัสรังษี Sa-had-sa-rang-sri สหัสรังษี Sa-had-sa-rang-sri สหัสรังษี 6 Ta-wa-ree ทวารี Ta-wa-ka-ta ทวาคตา Ta-wa-ree ทวารี 7 La-wu-sank ลาวุสัง U-rang อุรัง Jan-ta-pu-sank จันทภูสัง 8 U-lang-ga อุลังกะ Su-kum-u-sa-ma สุขุอุสะมา Ru-sum รุชำ� 9 Ta-wa-tha-ree ทวาธารี Kang-ku กังขุ Su-ku-mang สุขุมัง 10 Sik-ki-nee สิกขิณี Sank-ki-nee สังคินี Si-ki-nee สิขินี Fig. 1 Names of Sen Sib
Circulatory System and Abdomen The circulatory system in the body is like a big organization of tendons. The heart itself is fibrous and tendon-like in its construction. It needs to have the proper state of equilibrium and be strong, but flexible. The heart, the tongue, the abdomen and other parts of the body are all significant. The abdomen, for example, is like a large tendon. It needs to be firm but flexible in the proper balance. The veins are vital for health and well-being because many problems are caused by the blockage of blood returning to the heart. A small example of this is the circulation in our legs; especially behind our knees. If we sit with our legs bent for a long time, it blocks the flow of blood and causes pain. Similarly, blockages in the abdomen cause problems when the blood returns to the heart. 4
If one starts the massage with the abdomen, the blockage can be opened. The Thai system of massage is based largely on the Indian system and there are 10 energy channels. The names of the ten channels can be seen in figure 1. As the different illustrations on the following pages show, all the channels start roughly in the area of the navel. An individual can use a breathing technique to help expand the tendons maintain more energy and power. Concentrating on the abdominal area, a person inhales and expands the tendons and then exhales and allows the tendons to return. This should be done with a relaxed approach that brings about a feeling of well-being. Breathe in and then out in an almost meditative fashion. Strengthening the tendons helps one feel and actually be younger relative to their overall health.
I-tha
Ping-kla
Fig. 2 Sen Sib Sen 1: I-tha, Sen 2: Ping-kla
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The Fig.3 shows Sen 3 and Sen 4, which consist of the Sum-Ma-Na and Kan-La-Ta-Ree. The names of the all the channels are in Figure 1. The concepts and study of these energy lines date back to the reigns of Rama II, Rama III and Rama V. Thai massage, or Nuad Thai, is an ancient techniques that, because of its sacred aspect, has been studied and handed down for centuries. To this day, it is associated with Buddhism and Buddhist Temples throughout the country.
Sum-ma-na
Kan- la-ta-ree Fig. 3 Sen 3: Sum-ma-na and Sen 4: Kan-la-ta-ree
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Sum-Ma-Na and Kan-La-Ta-Ree are two of the Sen Sib. These energy channels are linked not only with health, but with harmony throughout the body. They relate to balance of the physical, mental and spiritual aspects of human existence. Consequently, they are significant for quality of life. As can be seen in Figure 3, Sen 3 starts in the area of the navel. This region is extremely important in traditional Thai therapy. The channel extends into the body, including the chest, and exits via the throat and tongue. The illustrations also indicate the fact that Sen 3 in on the front of the body. It is not found on the posterior portion of the body. This Sen is related to a plethora of issues including conditions pertaining to the chest and stomach. Problems ranging from asthma to chest pain, as well as nausea to colds, can be addressed with treatment of Sen 3. This highlights the fundamental concept of holistic medicine. That is, it emphasizes the individual as a three dimensional being and the body as a system of interrelated areas that cannot be understood in isolation. It is a natural form of healing and maintaining bodily well being in addition to spiritual and emotional balance. Thai healing massage sees Chi or energy flowing throughout the body via 72,000 channels, but those emphasized are the Sib Sen, or ten channels. Sen 3, shown in the illustration above, is an example of one of these channels, which are also referred to as meridians. The reason that Thai massage therapy works, for instance in the Sen 3, is that it frees blockages found in that channel. If, for example, one is nauseated, that indicates a blockage. Freeing or releasing such a blockage can bring about healing. Furthermore, maintenance of this channel can assist with a healthier body. The meridians in Thai massage are different than those in other ancient techniques. This includes the Chinese approach. While there are similarities and the traditions are interrelated, the names and numbers of the lines can differ. The overall philosophy underlying the different schools is fundamentally the same however. That means, of course, the traditions of ancient India too.
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Sa-had-sa-rang-sri
Ta-wa-ree
Fig. 4 Sen 5: Sa-had-sa-rang-sri and Sen 6: Ta-wa-ree
Su-ku-mang
Si-ki-nee
Fig. 5 Sen 9: Su-ku-mang & Sen 10:Si-Ki-nee
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Sen 1: Itha: Exits left nostril on left side of the body:
This starts one thumb width to the left side of the navel and passes through the pubic area to the left thigh towards the rear. It then runs upwards past the left buttock and proceeds along left side of spine, continuing over the head and curving downwards to the left side of the face and exits from the left nostril. Conditions: Headache, Stiff Neck, Shoulder Pain, Common Cold, Cough, Nasal Obstruction, Throat Ache, Eye Pain, Chills, Fever, Abdominal Pain, Intestinal Diseases, Back Pain, Diseases of the Urinary Tract and Dizziness.
Sen 2: Pingkla: Exits right nostril on right side of the body:
This starts one thumb width to the right side of the navel and passes through pubic area to the right thigh towards the rear. It then runs upwards past the right buttock and proceeds along right side of spine, continuing over the head and curving downwards to the right side of the face and exits from the right nostril. Conditions: Same as Sen lttha. Additional Indications: Diseases of the Liver and the Gall Bladder.
Fig. 6 Working on Sen 1 and Sen 2
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Sen 3: Summana: Exits tongue at the center of the body: It starts two thumb widths above the navel, runs deeply inside the chest and passes through the throat exiting at the tongue. There is no line on the back. Conditions: Asthma, Bronchitis, Chest Pain, Heart Diseases, Spasm of the Diaphragm, Nausea, Cold, Cough, Throat Problems, Diseases of the Digestive System, Abdominal Pain.
Fig. 7 Working on Sen 3: Summana
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Sen 4: Kanlataree: Exits ten fingers and toes. Source from the
Marble Tablets at Wat Pho: Starts one thumb width above the navel and separates into four branches. Two upper branches pass along the side of the ribcage through the inner scapulae to both arms, moving downwards to the wrists and exit all ten fingers. The two lower branches run downwards on the medial side of thigh and calf to the ankles and exit all ten toes. Conditions: Diseases of the Digestive System, Indigestion, Hernia, Paralysis of Arms and Legs, Knee Pain, Jaundice, Whooping Cough, Arthritis of the Fingers, Chest Pain, Shock, Rheumatic Heart Disease and Cardiac Arrhythmia, Sinusitis, Pain in Arms and Legs, Angina Pectoris, Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, Hysteria, Various Psychic Diseases and Mental Disorders.
Fig. 8 Working on Sen 4: Kanlataree
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Sen 5:Sahatsarangsri: Exits Left Eye on left side of the body: This Sen starts three thumb widths on the left side of the navel. It runs down the medial side of the left thigh and leg to the left foot passing along the base of all five toes. It then continues to the lateral side of left foot moving upwards along the lateral side but closer to the tibia bone of left leg to the left thigh. It then continues to the side of the ribcage passing the left nipple and upwards to below the left side of the chin to exit at the left eye. Conditions: Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Redness and Swelling of the Eye, Fever, Chest Pain, Mania Depressive Psy- chosis, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Diseases of the Urogenital Sys- tem, Leg Paralysis, Arthritis of the Knee Joint, Numbness of Lower Extremity, Hernia.
Fig. 9 Working on Sen 5: Sahatsarangsri
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Sen 6: Tawaree: Exits Right Eye: Tawaree runs the same pathway Sen Sahatsarangs. Conditions:Same as SenSahatsarangsi. Additional indications: Jaundice and Appendicitis. Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Redness and Swelling of the Eyes, Fever, Chest Pain, Mania Depressive Psychosis, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Diseases of the Urogenital System, Leg Paralysis, Arthritis of the Knee Joint, Numbness of Lower Extremity, Hernia.
Fig. 10 Working on Sen 6: Tawaee
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Sen 7: Jantapusank: Exits Left Ear on left side of the body: This line starts four thumb widths on the left side of the navel, runs upwards through the left breast to the left side of the neck and exits at the left ear. Conditions: Deafness, Ear Diseases, Cough, Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Chest Pain, Gastrointestinal Diseases.
Fig. 11 Working on Sen 7: Jantapusank
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Sen 8: Rusum: Exits Right Ear. Rusum runs the same pathway as Sen Jantapusankbut on the right side of the body and exits at the right ear. Conditions: Same as Sen Jantapusank. Deafness, Ear Diseases, Cough, Facial Paralysis, Toothache, Throat Ache, Chest Pain, Gastrointestinal Diseases.
Fig. 12 Working on Sen 8: Rusum
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Sen 9: Sukumang: Exits anus: Sukumang starts two thumb widths under the navel and a little to the left and proceeds downwards exiting at the anus. Conditions: Sen Sukumangis generally worked on by giving an Abdominal Massage. Indications are: Hernia, Freuent Urination, Female Infertility, Impotence, Precox Ejaculation, Irregular Menstrua- tion, Uterine Bleeding, Retentsion of Urine, Diarrhoea, Abdominal Pain.
Fig. 13 Working on Sen 9: Sukumang
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Sen 10: Sikinee: Exits Sexual Organ. This last Sen starts two thumb widths under the navel a little to the right and runs downwards to exit at the sex organ and the urethra. Conditions: Therapy on Sen Sikineedone with abdominal massage as well. Same indications as with Sen Nanthakrawat.
Fig. 14 Working on Sen 10: Sikinee
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Senprathansib (Energy Line) Massage Therapy Right side Running out
Left Side Running Out Ai-Tha Line
Ping-Ka-La Line Su-Ma-Na Line Karn-Tha-Ree Line
Tha-Wa-Ree Line
Sa-Hus-RungSri Line
Ru-Cham Line
Jun-Tha-PhuSang Line
Su-Ku-Mung Line Sik – Khi - Nee Line
Fig. 15 Senprathansib (Energy Line)
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Introduction Senprathansib Theory Concerning wind and blood circulation. When the body has a good flow of wind there will be good blood circulation. We cannot measure the wind but we can measure the blood such as the pulse which indicates the wind that controls the heart to the blood pumping to nourish the body. In Thai Traditional medicine, the problem of wind flow can cause disease at that point or organ; many are caused by accident, working, daily life, behavior etc. Principle of Point Pressing 1) Do not press at the point where symptoms act up. 2) Press the length of the same line for treatment. 3) When pressed you will not feel hot flush. 4) When pressed will not feel numb. 5) Do not press too hard; press in the groove of muscle. 6) To treat a specific point of disease press on any line nearby. This will help to treat the disease. 7) The pressing technique depends on the finger position and direction in relation to the area where the symptoms act up. 8) The important thing is the body assessment together with diagnosis before treatment. How to Press the Points In general, use the thumb tip to press; at some points use the fingertips of the forefinger, middle finger and little finger. How to find the Position to Press 1) Unit of Measure 1 Finger = 1st Knuckle of Middle Finger 3 Fingers = Width of 3 Fingers (Forefinger, Middle & Ring Finger) 4 Fingers = Width of 4 Fingers (Forefinger, Middle, Ring and Little Finger) * Use the Patient’s Finger for Measuring.
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2) Use the organ position or the suprasternal notch. 3) Use the simple measuring point such as Ai-Tha and Ping Ka La point under the kneecap inside and outside the hollow point when flexing the knee.
Duration of Pressing Press and hold 10-15 sec. 3 times a point except Su-Ma-Na line, press just 5-10 sec. Lightly press because the position is close to the aorta. Weight of Pressing Press till it feels stodgy and the wind runs at the area of symptom. Do not press too hard. Caution when Pressing: 1) Pregnant patients should receive careful attention. 2) Patients may faint. 3) Do not press when hungry or after meals. 4) Patients who have high blood pressure should be assessed before treatment. 5) Patients who have heart disease, blood vessel and lymph system disease should to be closely observed. Do not Press: 1) Severe Accident Patient 2) Patients who have fever, high temperature (over 38oC ) 3) Cancer Patients 4) Patients who have wounds at the area of pressing point. 5) Patients who just had an operation at the treatment area. 6) Patients who have problems at T10-12-L1 which indicates kidney disease. 7) Patients who have appendicitis; there will be pain in the lower right side of the abdomen when pressed.
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Ping-Kha-La-Line (Right head root)
Ai-Tha Line (Left head root) Su-Ma-Na Line (tongue root)
Ka-La-Tha-Ree (Toe root) Ta-wa-ree Line (Right eye root)
Sa-Has-SaRang-Sri Line (Left eye root)
Ru-Ja Line (Right ear root)
Jan-Tha-Phusang Line (Left ear root)
Sik-Kha-Nee Line (Urethra root)
Su-Ku-Mang Line (Anus root)
กาลอำ�มพฤกษ์ ขะ
ชิวหาสดมภท์ ั้ง 5 ขะ
พิตะคุณ ขะ
นันทะจักระหวัดแล
Fig. 16 Front Side
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Ping-Ka-La Line (run out)
Ai-Tha Line (run out)
Karn-Ta-Ree Line (run out)
Su-Ma-Na Line (run out) Sa-Has-Rang-Sri Line (run out)
Ta-Wa-Ree Line (run out)
Jan-Tha-Phu-Sang Line (run out)
Ru-Cham Line (run out) Sik-Khi-Nee Line (run out)
Su-Khu-Mang Line (run out)
Ka-La-Aum-MaPluek Line (run out)
ชิวหาสดมภ์ทั้ง 5 ขะ
Fig. 17 Back Side
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Muscle-Tendon Meridians There are 12 muscle-tendon meridians in the body in Chinese Acupuncture. These exist along the surfaces of the muscles and tendons, running from joint to joint. Unlike the other meridians, these do not connect with any internal organs. They seem to be primarily involved in the gross utilization of energy with which the musculature is associated. Here, however, there is far greater efficiency (that is, minimized effort with increased energy output) than is ordinarily presumed to be normal. Muscle-tendon meridians originate in the extremities, meet at major joints and end at points ranging throughout the torso and head. Knowing the Tendon Routes well and energizing them will greatly increase the Muscle-Tendon-Fascia Tone and improve the range of movement or radius.
Muscle Region of the Gall Bladder Channel
Muscle Region of the Liver Channel
Muscle Region of the Stomach Channel
Fig. 18 Gall Bladder, Liver and Stomach Meridians
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One of the muscle-tendon meridians runs along the side of the body, up to the neck and down through the side of the leg. This line relates to the gall bladder as well as other significant functions of the body. Another channel pertains to the liver and yet another one to the stomach. Consequently, properly adjusting and treating these meridians can address issues relating to these vital organs. A good understanding of anatomy is necessary.
Neck The neck is very important and there are connections to nearly every portion of the body. The hands and arms, for instance, have connections, to the neck. The connections are made via the tendons. By the same token, the circulatory system is also critical for health and well being. This system includes the veins and arteries. A close examination of the circulatory system reveals that it spreads out like the roots of a tree. The veins and arteries get smaller and smaller. The nervous system spreads out in a fashion similar to the circulatory system. This complicated but critical anatomical arrangement can get tangled and pain or discomfort is the result. More pain results if the blue blood returning to the heart is blocked. Additionally, since pain is the body’s way of communicating a problem, health issues can be present. Major areas in this regard are the abdomen and the neck. The neck is a very complicated area but there is a very simple method that helps us in approaching problems. If we hold each side of the head and then the front and back while pushing in each direction this allows us to feel the power of the neck. Also turning the head to each side and looking at the side of the neck toward the back makes the tendons and muscles visible for examination. So moving the head in a Yes, up and down fashion, and then No, side to side fashion, lets us perceive this. This simple mechanism will help us remember how to approach the neck region.
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An accident or trauma of other sorts can cause problems in the neck area. This causes pain or serious discomfort because frequently the muscles and tendons are out of balance. Touching the neck in the area in an individual who is experiencing such pain allows one to find the imbalance. One palpates the area while the person does the Yes motion and then does the No motion. The region that is bringing the pain about will be very tight.
Shoulder Many people experience shoulder pain stemming from issues with the tendons. There are several good ways to activate the tendons and discern where the problem area is. One method is stretching the arm out to the side. Another is putting it out in front; especially with a twisting motion. The tendons are normally like elastic. However, it can take in a vibration and hold it in. In the event that the vibration is locked in, it will constantly be pulling. When it is locked in, there is a buildup of acid as the result of this pulling. Consider those times when a person exercises. Weight lifting is an excellent example. One works out hard and the next day their muscles are stiff. This is the result of the production of acid in the muscles. Pain and soreness come about and this is generally radiated down through the entire length of the muscle. Most of us know that this stiffness has to be “worked out.” In so doing, the built up acid dissipates. In a massage, the person lies down and they are initially rocked from side to side. They are then checked to make sure their legs extend the same distance by holding the legs up and looking carefully at their extension. Then their feet are gripped from the bottom and the person is asked to push with their toes. All of the tendons in the body can be activated in this way. Upon completion of this stretching out of the tendons beginning with the feet, the individual is rocked a bit from side to side again. When this procedure is finished, the next area is worked on.
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Navel and Abdomen Next, the area around the navel needs to be treated by the practitioner. The first step is to massage the navel itself followed by the ring around the navel, using a circular motion. One then moves on to the inside of the ring and works their way around the entire circumference. Next, the area inside and under the navel ring is worked. Following the navel, the abdomen in the region surrounding the navel is massaged using the heel of one’s hand. This area is a tender portion of the body and caution should be used. A downward pressure is applied and the person is asked to push up with their stomach using their muscles. The technique is for the practitioner to use two hands, one on top of the other. In this fashion the tendons in that portion of the body are massaged. This activates the tendons in the abdominal region, but especially the organ tendons. In addition, it activates the veins and arteries. Everything – all of the tendons – benefit from this procedure when this technique is applied. The benefits even include the tendons from the legs up through the neck. The practitioner moves around the area surrounding the navel using the heel of their hand. There are eight different locations around the navel. These roughly correspond to the eight directions on a compass. Self-therapy is even possible in this area and it helps keep the organs healthy whether applied to one’s self or to others. Expansion of the abdomen while pressure is applied is what activates different portions of the body. The greater the expansion of the abdomen, the greater the tendons are involved. That means that the more the abdomen is expanded, the more benefit there is. The meridian for the lungs starts at the thumb and continues on to the chest area. In this case it is very close to the muscles of the organ that is being treated. All of the fingers have significance. The large intestine channel starts at the index finger, while the heart starts at the pinky finger. The small intestine is on the inner portion of the pinky finger. The illustrations in Figures 19, 20, 21 & 22 show the meridians for the different organs.
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Muscle Region of the Lung Channel
Muscle Region of the Large Intestine Channel
Fig. 19 Lung and Large Intestine Meridians
Muscle Region of the Heart Channel
Muscle Region of the Small Intestine Channel
Fig. 20 Heart and Small Intestine Meridians
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Muscle Region of the Spleen Channel
Muscle Region of the Kidney Channel
Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel
Fig. 21 Spleen, Bladder and Kidney Meridians
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As indicated, there are channels for virtually every organ and ailment in the body. For example, the channels for the different regions of the human body, which can be utilized by a knowledgeable therapist, continue with the spleen. This area starts on the toes and goes upward. The bladder goes all the way back along the side. The kidney is the same as the acupuncture channel, but it has a muscle-tendon following it. The middle finger starts the channel for the pericardium or heart region. The triple burner starts on the ring finger and continues upward.
Muscle Region of the Pericardium Channel
Muscle Region of the Triple Burner Channel
Fig. 22 Pericardium and Triple Burner Meridians
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Muscle Region of the Gall Bladder Channel: High Tide is 11 pm-1 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles from the fourth toe to the knee upon lateral rotation, with an inability to bend the knee; muscle spasms or stiffness within the poplitieal fossa; strain of the sacrum, pelvis, and lower ribs; pain in the chest, and an inability to turn the eyes to the left or right. All channels start around the navel in the abdominal region. They radiate outward, upward and downward in different directions and influence various organs of the body. While this is an ancient Chinese system, there is a correspondence to Western anatomy. Among the organs influenced by this are the bladder, liver, intestines and lungs. Channels commence in the fingers in some cases. For example, the lung channel starts in the thumb. The illustrations that follow show the different meridians and the organs that they influence. All of the channels have muscle regions, which correspond to them. One of these channels pertains to the gall bladder. It starts below the ear and runs down to the vicinity of the chest. It then proceeds along the side with a brief detour to the buttocks area before continuing down along the leg. This, like all the channels in the body, is very important for issues pertaining to the organs; in this particular case, the gall bladder.
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Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals Baihui point (Gv-20) Levator labil superioris Masseter
Temporalis Stemocleidomastoid
Pectoralis major Serratus anterior
Gluteus maximus
External oblique
Tensor fascia lata
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus
Fig. 23 Gall Bladder Channel
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Muscle Region of the Liver Channel: High Tide is 1 am-3 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the big toe; pain in the anterior internal malleoulus of the ankle; pain at the medial aspect of the knee and thigh; and dysfunction of the reproductive organs, therefore impotence. Foundations of Energetic Medicine
Rectus
Pectineus Vastus medialis
Soleue
Fig. 24 Liver Channel
A thorough knowledge of the muscle regions enables the therapist to treat assorted ailments; not just ones pertaining to the muscles and joints, but those pertaining to the organs as well. Applying treatment to the correct region corresponding to a particular organ can help with maintenance or even health issues that relate to it. The muscle region for the liver channel, for example, is related not just to the ankle, knee and thigh, but also to the reproductive organs. It runs approximately from the waist down through the inner portion of the leg. 32
Muscle Region of the Lung Channel: High Tide is 3 am-5 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the thumb; stiff, strained or muscle spasms, and/or pain along the course of the Lung Channel. In more serious cases, there will be pain over the rib area and spitting up of blood. Eight Extraordinary Vessels and Collaterals
Subciavius Anterior deltoid Biceps brachii
Brachio radialis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Fig. 25 Lung Channel
Another one of the muscle regions relates to the profoundly important lung channel. Clearly, the proper functioning of the lungs is critical not just for quality of life, but for life itself. This channel runs from the shoulder area down through the inner arm. It influences strains in the thumb and arm in addition to the respiratory system and lungs. 33
Muscle Region of the Large Intestine Channel: High Tide is 5 am-7 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the index finger; stiffness, strained, or muscle spasms along the course of the large Intestine Channel, resulting in frozen shoulder, and an inability to rotate the neck from side to side.
Temporalis
Platysma Middle/ Anterior deltoid
Masseter
Brachialis biceps brachii Extensor digitorum Trapezius
Fig. 26 Large Intestine Channel
The head also has a function in relationship to the bodily organs. The muscle region for the large intestines, for example, is in the head. It is located in several areas including the front, back and sides of the cranium. The shoulder and neck areas are connected to the headlines and therefore have a similar influence.
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Muscle Region of the Stomach Channel: High Tide is 7 am-9 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the big toe; spasms or hardening of the muscles in the foot; knotted or twisted muscles in the lower leg and thigh; swelling in the anterior pelvis region; hernia; spasms of the abdominal muscles; spasms or stiffness of neck and cheek muscles; and eye spasms. Levator labii Orbicularis Oris
Orbicularis oculi Masseter Platysma
Pectoralis major
Latissimus
Rectus External Adductor Vastus
Vastus Tibialis
Extensor digtorum
Fig. 27 Stomach Channel
Continuing with the various muscle regions, the next one is the stomach channel. This channel runs along the outer leg beginning at approximately the hip area and down to the top of the heel. The areas of influence for this channel are rather substantial and include, but are not restricted to, the foot, lower leg and pelvis as well as the stomach. It also pertains to issues such as hernias. This points out the profound and varying effects that the channels have as well as why they need to be correctly understood. 35
Muscle Region of the Heart Channel: High Tide is 11 am-1 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the little finger; stiff or strained muscles with spasm and/ or pain along the course of the Heart Channel, including internal cramping within the diaphragm and upper abdominal area.
Pectoralis major Long head of the Triceps brachil Brachialis tendon Flexor digtorum superflcialis Abductor digit minimi
Fig. 28 Heart Channel
The muscle region of the heart starts in the chest and continues down through the inner arm and then extends through the palm of the hand. A practitioner can treat problems in this area including muscle spasms and difficulties along the heart channel itself. It is obvious, as with the lungs, that this channel needs to be properly maintained because of the life supporting nature of the heart. 36
Muscle Region of the Small Intestine Channel: High Tide is 1 pm-3 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the little finger, pain along the medial and posterior aspects of the elbow: pain in the posterior aspect of the axilla, neck, and scapula region; tinnitus related to ear ache; and poor vision. Temporalis Masseter
Upper Trapezius
Infraspinatus Middle deltoid Triceps
Extensor Carpi ulnaris
Fig. 29 Small Intestine Channel
It is important to keep in mind that the muscle regions of the body influence not just the muscles themselves, but the internal organs as well. They extend throughout the entire body. The muscle region of the small intestine is roughly behind the top of the ear, continues down the neck, through the shoulder and then down the back of the arm. Its influence is vast and includes issues as varied as poor eyesight and even elbow pain. 37
Muscle Region of the Spleen Channel: High Tide is 9 am-11 am. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the big toe; pain in the internal malleolus of the ankle upon rotation; pain along the medial aspect of the knee and adductor muscles of the thigh; groin strain; and pain due to strained upper abdominal muscles and mid-thoracic vertebrae.
Rectus abdominis Oblique muscles Sartorius
Soleus Extensor hallucis longgus Flexor digitorum longus
Fig. 30 Speen Channel
Knowing the muscle channels assists the practitioner in releasing tendons and muscles that are stuck or withholding information. Another one of these significant channels is the one, which acts on the spleen. The practitioner can address problems from groin strains to chest issues. This channels starts at the abdomen and carries on downward to the bottom of the foot. A careful treatment of this channel is highly beneficial. 38
Muscle Region of the Bladder Channel: High Tide is 3 pm-5 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the big toe; swelling and pain in the heels; stiffness or spasms along the spine and back area; frozen shoulder; stiffness or spasms in the axillary and clavicle regions.
Fig. 31 Bladder Channel
The bladder channel is both significant and interesting in many ways. It can be found in several areas as illustrated in Figure 31. Among the areas this channel influences are the neck and back. Proper treatment of this channel helps tremendously with back spasms and shoulder problems, among other things. Of course it is important for sustaining good bladder health as well. This, like all channels in the body, needs regular maintenance to remain healthy. 39
Muscle Region of the Kidney Channel: High Tide is 5 pm-7 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles on the bottom of the foot; spasms or stiffness along the Kidney Channel, resulting in an inability to bend forward (Yang disorder) or backward (Yin disorder), with difficulty in flexing or extending the head.
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius Flexor digitorum Flexor digiti
Fig. 32 Kidney Channel
The very important kidney channel is illustrated in Figure 32. This channel can be found in the area that begins in the stomach and moves to the buttocks region. The influence of the kidney channel is related to movement and other functions. It is particularly related to flexibility like bending over. Obviously, this is terrifically important for an individual’s quality of life and, indeed, survival. If the body along the vertical portion of this channel becomes less flexible, a knowledgeable practitioner can help restore the flexibility needed for easy movement. Inflexibility in the human body causes numerous problems, including a deterioration of muscles, tendons, bones and life itself. 40
Muscle Region of the Pericardium Channel: High Tide is 7 pm- 9 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the middle finger; stiff or strained muscles, or spasms and/or pain along the course of the Pericardium’s Channel; and chest pain and spasms.
Biceps brachialis
Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Fig. 33 Pericardium Channel
The pericardium channel relates to the heart; specifically the membrane surrounding the heart. This is clearly a vital channel in the human body and its health is necessary for existence. There is an influence on everything from the fingers to the chest so, as might be expected; the pericardium has an impact on virtually everything in the entire structure of the human body. Maintaining the health of the pericardial channel is therefore essential. 41
Muscle Region of the Triple Burner Channel: High Tide is 9 pm-11 pm. Pathological symptoms include strained muscles of the ring finger; stiff or strained muscles, or spasms and /or pain along the course of the Triple Burners’ Channel.
Masseter Platysma Middle deltoid Brachialis
Extensor digitorum
Fig. 34 Triple Burner Channel
The triple burner channel runs from below the ear down along the shoulder and then continues all the way through the arm. Its significance is in the treatment of extended muscles and involuntary muscle contractions in this vicinity. The practitioner who knows this channel is able to facilitate the release of muscles that are hardened or stuck. This provides movement that is more flexible and natural. It can therefore assist with simple but crucial functions like moving the arms. 42
Traditional Tok Sen Tok Sen means take off energy lines in Thai; in other words it is a technique to clear blocked energy. It uses mechanical and sound vibration, working deeply through the fascia and muscles. This unique healing modality is found only in the Chiang Mai area of Northern Thailand (Lanna). Tok Sen is thought to date back over 5000 years, and developed in Lanna while acupuncture developed in China. It is an energetic healing modality, and is still practiced in the rural areas. Tok Sen helps to improve energy flow and relieves aching muscles and often is used in Paralysis or Herniated Nucleus Pulposus patients. Tok Sen instruments are traditional tools used for therapeutic purposes on those with pain based on tendon and muscle issues. They are essentially massage utensils. While there are different sizes, the fundamental technique is basically the same. A light “hammering” with various degrees of contact is applied to the different regions of the body. Of course, there is never a violent or hard hitting of the tools. It is more of a tapping on the correct areas of the body. By tapping using the “hammer” and “pestle,” vibrations are sent through the nerves and the muscles. The vibrations, if done in the proper manner, provide benefits to the different areas of the body. When done properly, they make the tendons and muscles feel more alive because they are repaired and rejuvenated. It is not just the tapping that is important, but also the “tempo” that is used. In most cases the tempo is three beats; one, two, three and again one, two, three. The different hammers and pestles are used in different areas of the body. For example, the two-pronged pestle is used for tapping in two areas simultaneously. It might be used between two bones. Smaller pestles are used in more narrow places in the body. There are many reasons for using Tok Sen, but one of the main ones is that the fingers of the therapist are limited. They are, for example, unable to reach some areas of the body that are narrow. Furthermore, one’s fingers can get tired and sore with extended use. If they become tired, they are less likely to provide the neces43
sary treatment. The fingers, however, must be used to touch an area and see whether it is in need of additional Tok Sen treatment because it still is too tight. So after an area receives treatment by the Tok Sen, it needs to be felt to see whether further application is needed. It is possible, just as in a traditional massage to do some of the work to one’s self. Of course some areas are unreachable and another person is needed. Method : Use the wedge hammer made from a tamarind stick or a lightning stick which can drive out parasites. Before treatment, we have to perform a teacher respect ceremony. Tok Sen hammers are also needed in this ceremony for treating patients with Hemiplegia, Paraplegia, Tendon problems, Nerve compression, Joint pain, Knee pain and muscle pain. Here is a list of some indications for Tok Sen. The list shows that these issues range over a number of aspects and functions of the body. Many conditions can be helped using this ancient Thai/Chinese therapy. These include everything from muscular and tendon problems all the way to troubles pertaining to the organs of the body. Treating the issues that are indicated is matter of skill and knowledge. The Tok Sen practitioner is aware of the energy lines in the body and knows how to release the energy that is blocked. Tok Sen treatment is often indicated in regions of the body that can benefit from this unique system. Depending on what indications and issues are involved, treatment using traditional massage might be incorporated into the overall plan as well.
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Indications 1. Hammer at occipital area to treat dizziness and headache. 2. Hammer at right shoulder and down through arm to treat right shoulder pain. 3. Hammer at right and left breast to treat fingertips numbness or pain. 4. Lower back pain from Kidney problem: do not hammer but if it is not caused by kidney problem, hammering is allowed. 5. Back pain down through both legs and numbness to tip of toes; check nerve compression. 6. Back and leg muscles tight. 7. Hamstring(back thigh) pain: Treat in prone position. 8. Knee pain by bone spur or swelling, don’t hammer. 9. Hammer at chest to treat chest pain. 10. Hammer below malleolus to treat hemiplegia and paraplegia patients. 11. Hammer in front of knees to treat a headache. 12. Hammer from arms to shoulders to treat dry mouth. 13. Hammer at chest below clavicle to treat scapular pain. 14. Hammer below right and left chin to treat shoulder pain. 15. Hammer at arms and shoulders to treat hand syndrome. 16. Hammer at arms and shoulders to treat hand numbness. 17. Hammer at elbow to treat elbow syndrome. 18. Hammer at breast to treat chest swelling. 19. Hammer at thigh close to sexual organs to treat foot swelling. 20. Hammer at calf to detox blood. 21. Hammer at shoulder to arm to treat trunk tightness. 22. Hammer at top of thigh to middle of thigh to treat frequent urination. 23. Hammer at malleolus up through knee, thigh and breast to treat dry mouth. 24. Hammer at tendons close to sacrum to treat urinary incontinence.
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25. Hammer at side of foot to treat muscle tightness. 26. Hammer at paravertebral muscles (neck to lumbar) to treat stiff neck. 27. Hammer at lumbar spine down through thighs, knees and shins to treat feet tightness and stiffness. 28. Hammer to treat trunk muscles stiffness at sacrum. 29. Hammer at malleolus up through sides of knees to treat stiff knees and legs. 30. Hammer at middle of calf on lateral side to treat feeling hot at the soles of the feet. 31. Hammer at knees to thighs to treat shin problems. 32. Hammer at lumbar to treat lumbar problems.
Tok Sen Advantages There are a number of advantages to Tok Sen. These are outlined in the list above. Just a few of the advantages of this ancient Thai/ Chinese treatment are; increased circulation, relief from stiff and tight muscles, improvement of nerve functions and many others. Headache, shoulder pain, lower back pain, thigh pain and other ills that can decrease the quality of life can be improved with Tok Sen. While this treatment is essentially Chinese in origin, there are also aspects that go back to India and Thailand especially in Lanna, Thailand. The main function of this treatment relates to the tendons and specifically the muscle-tendon meridians. Proper treatment entails using the special wooden tools to vibrate the appropriate areas on the body. This is because there can be blockages in the meridians. The vibrations of the tendons, when done correctly, loosen both the tendons and the muscles. This also improves the blood circulation. Treatment of the entire body is one of the best forms of maintenance. This has been established through centuries of application. The importance of healthy tendons is clear by the fact that we use them so much. A healthy body always involves the tendons. This is because, while the tendons in the joints, for example, are important,
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treating them eventually impacts the organ tendons. Indeed, this therapy and maintenance has a positive influence on virtually every part and function of the body. 1. Increases blood circulation which nourishes tendon and releases discharge faster. 2. Relaxes muscles: tight muscles will squeeze capillaries which will decrease blood circulation to muscles and cause muscle soreness. 3. Increases peripheral nerves which run parallel with capillaries. Every time we hammer, it will touch capillaries and peripheral nerves which can stimulate muscles as well. 4. Releases pain from many causes: 4.1 Headaches from nerve problem, migraines, brain degeneration, blurred vision and hard of hearing. 4.2 Shoulder pain, neck sprain, shoulder tendon tightness, immobile arm. 4.3 Tendon compression, back muscle tightness, scapular problem and back pain. 4.4 Lower back pain, spinal cord inflammation, cannot bend trunk easily. 4.5 Lumbar pain and nerve compression. 4.6 Thigh pain, Hamstring muscle tightness, cannot bend elbow, popliteus pain and patella dislocation. 4.7 Calf pain, sole pain and numbness. 4.8 Arm pain, elbow pain, arm numbness and hand numbness. As can be seen in the useful list above, Tok Sen has a number of health and healing advantages. The means of accomplishing this is essential for unblocking the body’s energy lines. This is done through the use of special Tok Sen tools consisting of a wooden “hammer” and different wooden “pestles.” These tools send healing vibrations to the relevant channels in the body.
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In addition to unblocking the Chi meridians, Tok Sen treatment facilitates the release of tension by addressing armored tendons and muscles. Hammering on the meridians assists in relieving pain and discomfort. This is especially true if a person has stored a lot of stress and created a hard or armored shell on the tendons and muscles. This is generally clear to a knowledgeable practitioner. Via palpation, they are able to sense issues that can be contained in any part of the body. In addition to treatment of muscles and tendons, blood circulation is improved all the way from the veins and arteries to the capillaries. The nervous system releases toxins and blockages. All of these treatments assist in maintaining personal health. This healing modality is effective, therefore in treating problems ranging from headaches to lumbar pain. Shoulder pain can also be effectively treated as can leg pains from the thighs to the toes. Virtually every sort of malady from tennis elbow to back muscle tightness can be addressed. The healing sound vibrations created by the tapping of the Tok Sen tools work deeply into the fascia and muscles. Supplemented with palpation of treatment areas, a skilled practitioner can determine regions that need special attention. Healing and then routine maintenance are tools for a more energetic and positive life; one that is not only mentally fulfilling but spiritually and emotionally balanced as well. As mentioned elsewhere, traditional Thai medicine views the body as a whole and emphasizes the connection between things. Another way of thinking of this is that one part of the body communicates with other parts of the body. In addition, the body communicates with its surroundings. A failure to communicate comes from blockages and issues pertaining to communication. Such imbalances can cause illness. Tok Sen deals with this problem through treatment of the meridians responsible for communication; in this case energy. Once the energy blockage or imbalance is dealt with, healing can take place.
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The vibration of the Tok Sen loosens the tendons and muscles. Healthy tendons are very important to the body because they are used so much. The organ tendons are especially important. Consequently, maintenance of the entire body is necessary. Among the many advantages of Tok Sen treatment is the fact that some muscles are too big or too deep for the fingers to reach. Tok Sen, on the other hand, can reach those regions. Tok Sen tools are clearly of import for the practitioner. On the following pages there are many illustrations of the tools used as well as a discussion of them. The indications and benefits of using this ancient Thai healing method have been previously discussed. It should be noted that a knowledgeable practitioner has a special wisdom relative to the human body and maintains a connection that is both physical and spiritual to the person being treated.
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Six Pieces of Equipment for Tok Sen
Fig. 35 Tok Sen Wooden Hammer and Tok Sen Wood Wedges
Figure 35 shows some of the equipment used in Tok Sen treatment. One major advantage to using this equipment is because of the limitations of the fingers of the practitioner. In other words, it is very difficult to use the fingers and thumbs for a period of time on large muscles and tendons. Furthermore, the smaller and thinner pestles of the equipment can get into areas that the fingers cannot. One of the primary results of Tok Sen treatment is that it releases areas of the body that are “stuck.” This includes the blood vessels and nerves. In general the smaller and thinner pestle is used in conjunction with the hammer. Of course the hammering is done in a reasonably light fashion; i.e., hard hammering should not be done. The pestle must be angled right and then struck with the hammer to create a vibration. This is essentially the massage effect. Information can be released in this fashion. Also, it should be noted that the hammer and pestle do not completely replace the fingers of the practitioner. The fingers still need to be used for palpation and to ascertain whether the tendons have been loosened. 50
Tok Sen Techniques Tok Sen Hammer Method for treating all Diseases 1. To treat neck pain, headache, migraine, shoulder pain use the hammer and circular or flat wedge. Hammer up and downward following lines 1, 2 and 3 (the lines referr to the lines in the following photos). 2. To treat shoulder pain, blocked arm, finger numbness, trigger finger use the circular wedge. Hammer from the arm tendons, both lateral and medial sides to hand. Hammer up and downward following lines 2 and 3. 3. Back pain, paraspinal muscles pain, scapular problems and lumbar pain. Use four legged knocker to hammer at paraspinal muscles. Hammer up and downward following lines 1 and 2. 4. Lumbar pain, thigh pain, hip adductor muscles, hip abductor muscles and all thigh pain. Hammer in prone and supine positions. Use the four legged knocker and two legged knocker. Hammer up and downward following lines 2 and 3. 5. Knee pain, shin pain, numbness and cannot walk easily use the circular wedge to hammer around patella and knee. Hammer up and downward at calf and shin following lines 1, 2 and 3. 6. Pain from fibrous, knots, numbness, trigger fingers and cannot grasp easily. Use big flat wedge to treat; hammer until pain decreases. The individual receiving the tok sen treatment assumes different positions during the procedure; laying on the back, the sides and sitting. The small pestle is used for the tendons around the navel then the entire abdominal region. The circles in that area are followed and one can feel the vibrations going into the tendons. The result is that the tendons and the organs in the abdomen are activated. If any tension is felt deeper in an area, the tapping can be done slightly harder. The process also entails touching the area being worked to see if there is more or less tension in that spot. The area under the navel is also tapped. A small and flatter pestle is used and it is placed at and angle as the tapping is done. 51
The people of Northern Thailand have used Tok Sen treatment for centuries. This ancient therapy is applied to many problems in the body. Some of the issues are outlined below. The fundamental concept of Tok Sen is to unblock the body’s energy lines. Special wooden tools, discussed in the previous chapter, are used to create vibrations and sounds that release blockages in important meridians in the body. It has been primarily handed down from generation to generation orally for over 5,000 years. For most of that period this therapy was used exclusively in the Lanna Region of Thailand, the area around Chiang Mai in the North. The primary goal of Tok Sen is to relieve tension that is stored in the deep tendons and muscles of the body. This is done using a tapping rhythm in conjunction with the tools shown in the preceding chapter. These tools are best made from wood of the tamarind tree. Other materials are also used however. The tapping of the pestle with the hammer sends vibrations into the energy lines. The treatment helps with many issues, including stiff muscles, blood circulation, stiffness and tension. There are four positions that the individual receiving Tok Sen treatment can assume: supine lying, prone lying, side lying and sitting. The treatment is used to treat many troubles pertaining to the human body. One of the primary focus points in Tok Sen is the area around the navel. This area is illustrated in Figures 36 and 37. The individual receiving Tok Sen assumes different positions during the procedure; laying on the back or front, the sides and sitting. The small pestle is used for the tendons around the navel. Following that, the entire abdominal region receives treatment. The circles in the area of the navel are followed and one can feel the vibrations going into the tendons. The result is that the tendons and the organs in the abdomen are activated. This provides many benefits. If any tension is felt deeper in an area, the tapping can be done slightly harder. The process also entails touching the area being worked to see if there is more or less tension in that spot. Once again, palpating an area is very important to ascertain whether it is in need of more treatment or not.
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The area under the navel is also tapped. A smaller and flatter pestle is used and it is placed at an angle as the tapping is done. Angles are used in this and other areas because they allow extra depth to the vibrations in the tendons.
Positions 1. Supine 2. Prone 3. Side 4. Sitting
Fig. 36 Hammering Sen Sib
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Figure 36 shows supine lying and hammering of the vicinity around the navel and abdomen. This area of the body is crucial because of its relationship with the entire rest of the body. It pertains not just to the specific area of the abdomen, but to internal organs and energy channels in other portions of the body as well. Proper treatment of the region surrounding the navel releases stress and tension. Furthermore, it helps the channels let go of negative emotions that have collected and caused excessive accumulation of blood and other life forces. After the area around the navel is completed, the lines beginning at the bottom of the rib cage are tapped. This is started in the center of the torso in the area of the rib cage. In the event that a section is found to be particularly tight, it is tapped slightly harder, sending the vibrations deeper. Wood is especially good at transmitting vibrations into the nerves and muscles. In addition, a primary problem is the blood vessels, which cling to the bones too rigidly and become inflexible. Tok Sen is excellent for treating this problem and the associated issues accompanying it. The treatment clears the blockages that are causing anatomical problems and pain or discomfort. The next area for treatment is the chest area. To start, the region around and in the rib cage is felt and rocked back and forth a little. This gives an idea as to where the treatment must be more concentrated. The tools of Tok Sen permit us to go much deeper in this area than we could using the fingers alone. They also provide other benefits such as those mentioned above. The procedure for this portion of the body is started near the collarbone. Both sides of the body are treated to insure balance. After those two areas are completed, the area between the rib cage and the area between each rib are done. There is a sliding and simultaneously tapping method; tap, tap, tap while slowly sliding the pestle. The tapping is done lightly and carefully. Among the benefits of this treatment is the opening of the lungs. Frequently those receiving the treatment can quickly notice the improvement in their breathing. It is a great help for those who suffer from asthma.
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It is also good for the heart and can help prevent heart attacks. This technique loosens the tendons under the heart, which are partially responsible for heart attacks. It keeps things clear of blockages and rigidity. The reason for this is that the channel influencing the heart is located in this region.
Position 1- Supine
Fig. 37 Hammering the Abdomen
It cannot be emphasized enough that the fingers also need to touch and put some pressure in the region of the procedure in order to ascertain if additional Tok Sen must be done. The tendons, muscles and nerves are all worked using the method outlined. The 55
bigger round pestle is used next in the same areas: the abdomen and chest. This improves the circulation because the pressure from the treatment radiates over a wider circumference. The person lies supine while the navel region and entire upper torso of the body are tapped. The area treated includes the rib cage and extends up to the shoulders. The tapping releases energy that is trapped in the channels of the body. It also frees blood vessels and tendons that are “stuck” to the bones. Significant lines and points are tapped and this sends healing vibration into these areas, which influence the body. There are ten points in the vicinity of the navel (see Figure 37).
Fig. 38 Hammering the Chest
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Figure 38 illustrates in more detail how and where Tok Sen is applied to the chest. It should be kept in mind that organs have fascia, tendons and ligaments supporting them. Generally, the treatment of the upper torso begins just below the collarbone. One next goes down to the rib cage and particularly the areas between the ribs.
Fig. 39 Hammering near the Clavicle
Above are illustrations showing Tok Sen being applied to the clavicle or collarbone. The fundamental techniques of Tok Sen, of course, are applied to treat this region. One point worth reiterating is that even though Tok Sen tools are used here, as they are elsewhere on the body, palpation is still necessary. Palpation allows the practitioner to better ascertain areas that need further treatment as well as be more familiar with the overall progress of the individual being treated. 57
Fig. 40 Hammering the Ribcage
Figure 40 gives more detailed views of the how the rib cage is treated. The therapist can tap very lightly on the bones as the pestle is slid downward while tapping. The area between each pair of ribs is tapped. Of course, treatment of the chest has beneficial influences on the circulatory system. Negative particles, including heavy metals, can cause obstructions in the circulatory system and accumulate in the organs. This has an adverse impact on bodily functions. Tok Sen can assist in dealing with such issues.
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Fig. 41 Hammering the Elbow
The elbow is shown in Figure 41. On the following pages there are additional illustrations pertaining to the arm in addition to a discussion of the procedure to follow. Tok Sen is useful for many difficulties related to the arm. The joints, of course, are particularly significant. In the case of the elbow, there are significant points that need to be noted. Those points, as well as the region to hammer, are shown in Figure 41. 59
- Treat arm and hand numbness and arm or grasping immobility.
Fig. 42 Hammer at the Arm and Palm to treat numbness in the arms and hand and for restricted arm and hand range of motion.
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Arm, Hand and Shoulder Area First the area in the shoulder region is palpated while the individual pushes on the practitioner’s hand. This pushing makes the tendon in the shoulder taut and problems can be felt more easily. The pushing is done in different directions such that the tendon and muscles loosen the part that is tightened. Consequently the entire area can be checked. The procedure starts with the top part of the arm near the shoulder. Generally for the muscle a larger pestle is used and for a tendon a smaller one. This is obviously because the muscles are larger than the nerves. The tapping moves from the top of the arm down to the bottom. It is done on the inside portion of each arm first. This helps loosen blood vessels that are stuck to the bone. The treatment is accomplished for largely preventative reasons because if the area is too rigid or “sticky” there can be issues with the health and well-being of the individual. Following that area, the palm of the hand is treated. After the palm of the hand is treated, the back side of the hand is treated. The practitioner proceeds down through each finger and then the thumb. The tapping is done on the outside of the bone with the palm of the hand facing up. To begin with, the muscle line is treated and followed by the tendon line. Tapping is done on the bone and there is a sliding outward movement in the manner that has been previously discussed. There is a tap, tap, tap while sliding the pestle. It is essential to be gentle and careful. The smaller the area receiving treatment determines the appropriately sized pestle. Since the tendons are so important and interconnected to everything, keeping them in balance can help us feel and look younger. We look younger because of factors like our movements and posture. Simply put, when the tendons get hard, we get old.
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Fig. 43 Hammering to release arm numbness
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Arm Pain Cause: Overused. (Such as carrying, lifting etc.) Indication: Arm pain, muscle spasm and tightness.
Fig. 44 Hammering Back of Hand
Arm pain can come about as the result of many factors including overexertion. Tok Sen can assist with this issue and be of particular help with those who are involved in repetitive or strenuous tasks involving the arms. Figure 44 shows the palm of the hand, which is generally treated at the same time as the arm.
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Groin Pain Tok Sen applied to is the groin area. The procedure is started in the area of the hipbone. The “hammer” and “pestle” are used in that area always moving away from the bone and in a sliding motion. Next, the practitioner moves on to the groin area itself. The hammering is done in a motion that moves it away from the bone. It is important here and in all locations to not stay on the bone. After this the procedure moves to the middle of the thigh and the practitioner moves down that direction toward the knee. First the tapping is done straight down beside each side of the bone. This is followed by tapping out and away from the bone until the entire length of the area has been treated.
Fig. 45 Hammering the Groin
The groin area, shown in Figure 45 is both significant as well as delicate. Caution in this region, as with all places on the human anatomy, needs to be utilized when treatment is applied. The correct positions for the individual receiving the treatment are shown. In addition the correct method of hammering is illustrated. The hammering or tapping here, as elsewhere, releases energy that is that is stuck; particularly in stiff or rigid areas. 64
Leg Pain The next area of the body to receive therapy is the leg. First, the leg is bent with the knee facing upward. The outside of the thigh is then treated, using a bigger sized pestle for the muscles and, as with other parts of the body, a smaller one for the tendons. The top part of the thigh is done next and then the practitioner moves to the inside. The leg is a good example of a location that the thumb itself has difficulty treating because the muscles there are so large. The thumb gets sore and tired when doing such a large and strong area. Tok Sen is the perfect tool to use. This procedure allows the tendons, nerves and ligaments to spread out. - Treat knee pain, shin and popliteal (back of knee) problems.
Fig. 46 Hammering inside of Lower Limbs
Figure 46 above shows the lowers limbs. Treatment of the legs and feet is shown on the next several pages. Once again, the arrows point to the direction of the Tok Sen treatment. First it is downward, along a significant meridian, and then outward along that meridian. Tapping directly on the bone is not done, but the Tok Sen practitioner can use the bone as a reference point and tap while sliding away from the bone. Palpation is necessary in order to determine areas that need special attention. 65
Fig. 47 Hammering the Sides of the Lower Limbs
Figure 47 shows the way Tok Sen is applied to the lower limbs. Notice that the legs are bent at the knees. In general, it is best to stretch out and relax the legs a little at first. This can be done simply by bending the leg and then putting it down flat a few times. After this is done the treatment can commence. This body management can help alleviate leg pain as well as back pain because of the close connection between the lower body and the back. 66
Knee Pain Next the knee is done. A small pillow or device to bend the knee slightly is placed under the leg. The leg under the knee should be supported with, for example, a small pillow such that the knee is bent. The knee faces upward. The kneecap is circled and the tapping is done moving in an outward direction always sliding away from the kneecap itself. The tapping of the Tok Sen is down around the knee always using an outward motion. This is excellent therapy for knee pain just as treating the elbow is superb for conditions like tennis elbow. Make sure to go outward from the knee with the tapping. Never use an inward motion. The procedure next moves on to the calf. The practitioner begins with moving done along the large calf bone; starting under the knee and actually going down to the top of the foot. Patience and attention to detail is required. This is true for all the treatment. In addition, however, the individual being treated must exercise patience. - Knee pain, knee swelling caused by patella dislocation, muscle tightness and walking difficulties.
Fig. 48 Hammering the Knee
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This is the case because a treatment requires at least one hour and normally two hours. Even the legs alone can sometimes take one hour. Additional patience is required because the benefits of Tok Sen therapy are generally not instantaneous and often require more than one treatment. Furthermore, they usually require maintenance treatments. Figures 48 and 49 show the knee. The patella is the kneecap. This joint, likes all joints in the human body, is important, but the knee, because of its function, is subject to a lot of stress and strain. A number of issues can be treated with the Tok Sen method. Of course, the practitioner should never strike directly on the patella itself. The correct procedure is illustrated in Figures 48 and 49. One hammers around the patella using a sliding method. This is particularly effective in terms of reducing and even eliminating pain. - Hammer around the patella, around patella tendon, popliteal (back of knee) area, calf tendon to Achilles tendon. All pain will disappear.
Fig. 49 Hammering around the Patella
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Ankle Pain
Fig. 50 Hammering the Ankle
Figure 50 shows the method for Tok Sen treatment of the ankle. The basic principles and procedures used elsewhere on the body are applied here. The ankle is an important connecting point on the extremities because it is located where the foot and the leg meet. There is a very strong ligament in the ankle that makes this connection. Numerous issues can arise in the ankle and Tok Sen has proven to be an effective treatment for many of them. 69
With the shin, similarly, there is an outward motion away from
the bone. After doing the area along the shinbone in an outward motion, the practitioner goes on to move in a downward motion. Then, after that is completed, the pronged or forked pestle is used to tap simultaneously along both sides of the bone. The top of the ankle receives treatment using the pronged pestle as well. The practitioner should determine the appropriate areas first. These can be discerned easily by feeling and lightly squeezing the area. The pronged pestle is used not only for the top of the ankle, but for any areas that would benefit from treatment on both sides. Touching an area and a bit of common sense allows one to know which pestle to use. Of course this is also true of knowing exactly where to apply the treatment. The more experience one has, the more our sense of touch is developed such that our fingers “know” what they are touching. For example, one can actually feel the area that is causing the tennis elbow. Lumbar pain, thigh pain, thigh muscles tightness caused by falling down or falling from a high place can cause the sacrum to compress tendons resulting in walking difficulties.
thigh pain After the ankle is treated the leg is addressed. A sliding motion, beginning under the knee and moving downward all the way to the top of the foot, is used. The thigh area is done following a straight line and the sections of it are done moving away from the line that was used from the torso to the knee. The sections are done first on the inner part of the thigh and then the outer part. These should be done line by line. The sliding motion can be assisted by applying a small amount of oil to the area. Figure 51 shows the legs including, in the bottom photograph, the thigh. Lumbar issues along with thigh muscle tightness can be treated with the Tok Sen method. It should be kept in mind that many problems in the back actually are related to the legs because they can change the position of the spine. Tok Sen helps loosen and relax the muscles and tendons in the leg such that they can perform their function in a more natural fashion without distorting the spine. 70
Fig. 51 Hammering the Thigh
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Position 2 - Prone
Fig. 52 Prone position
- Hammering the lumbar area on both sides, and Hamstring area (back of thigh). Muscles will loosen and relax. All pain will disappear. Position 2 for prone is shown in Figure 52. This position is assumed for hammering the entire area of the back and legs. This includes all the major muscles groups and the significant lines in the posterior portion of the body. It also extends down to the calf, hamstring and Achilles tendons and soles. Proper and knowledgeable treatment by a well-qualified Tok Sen, practitioner along with maintenance, is extraordinarily important for the quality of life of individuals. 72
Spinal Pain - Paravertebral pain, tightness and restricted range of motion for the trunk caused by tendon compressed by bone and spinal cord inflammation.
Fig. 53 Hammering the Spinal Cord
Figure 53 shows the spinal cord; one of the most significant parts of the human body in terms of proper function and mobility. It should be immediately noted that because of the critical nature of the spine, caution is in order. For example, the practitioner never hammers directly on the spine. However, if care is exercised, Tok Sen treatment can greatly assist in not just mobility but in relieving issues connected to compressed tendons precipitated by the boney structures of the spine. Such problems can result in tightness, stiffness and the pain associated with such problems. 73
- Hammer at paravertibral muscles to lumbar up and down 10 times. Muscles will loosen and relax. All pain will disappear.
Fig. 54 Hammering the Paravertibral Muscles
Figure 54 shows more details in treatment of the posterior portion of the torso. Observe how the practitioner first hammers down along each side of the spine, but not on the spine. Next, each side of the spine is hammered downward and away from the spine itself; moving and sliding away with each tapping. Doing this properly results in the easing of stiffness and pain not just in the back, but also other regions of the body because of the lines and connections associated with it. 74
- Treat lumbar pain and spinal cord inflammation.
Low back pain, lumbar sprain, limited range of motion in trunk due to excessive activity or weight, caused by too much hard work or carrying heavy things resulting in spondylolisthesis (forward displacement of a vertebra).
- Hammer at lumbar area. Muscles will loosen and relax. - All pain will disappear. Fig. 55 Hammering the Lumbar area
The lower portion of the back or lumbar area is shown in the illustrations in Figure 55. Pain, rigidity and other problems can be located here because of stress, heavy lifting or strains. This can make it difficult, for example, for an individual to bend over. Thorough treatment of the lumbar area can even assist with problems such as spondylolisthesis, or displacement of vertebra. Only a highly trained Tok Sen practitioner should undertake the later. How and where to apply the treatment is shown above. 75
Coccyx Bone
Fig. 56 Hammering the Coccyx Bone
As the practitioner continues to move down the posterior portion of the body, the next area treated is the coccyx. The common term for that is the tailbone and it is the bottom part of the vertebral column. That region and the general method for hammering is illustrated above. In order to determine whether there are problems emanating from the coccyx, careful palpation is necessary. Of course, the Tok Sen practitioner must always keep in mind that while the tools used for treatments are very valuable, there is no substitute for the human sensations in the experienced practitioner’s hands. 76
Fig. 57 Hammering the Back of Thigh
Figure 57 and Figure 58 show the posterior parts of the leg. Once again, the method for treatment is shown. In general, of course, the same principles apply here as with other parts of the body. The appropriate hammering of the areas follows carefully noting the proper lines, meridians, tendons and muscles using the hands. The anterior parts of the leg have already been discussed and the significance of the knee joints pointed out. 77
Fig. 58 Hammering the backside of Knee
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Fig. 59 Hammering the Sole of the Foot
Figure 59 shows the sole of the foot and the method for hammering. Notice that the therapist moves from the heel down toward the toes, following the proper lines. Palpation is used to verify the location of the lines.
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Gua Sha Gua Sha is a significant technique in the practice of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The name is comprised of the two Chinese characters Gua, meaning to scrape or rub, and Sha meaning sand. This name indicates both the action and the visual result of the practice. Gua Sha includes scraping the skin with the rounded edge of an instrument to encourage the formation of petechiae, red spots on the surface of the skin that resemble sand called ‘sha’, that will fade in 2 to 3 days. Raising Sha removes blood stagnation considered pathogenic, promoting normal circulation and metabolic processes.The patient experiences immediate relief from pain, stiffness, fever, chills, cough, nausea, and so on. Gua Sha is valuable in the prevention and treatment of acute infectious illness, upper respiratory and digestive problems, and many other acute or chronic disorders.
Fig. 60 Gua Sha Hand Reflexology
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Figure 60 shows Gua Sha being applied to the hand. The hand is an excellent place to apply the principles of reflexology because it is akin to a mirror of the human body. These principles, which aim to treat pain or disease, are in addition to the overall health benefits of Gua Sha therapy. Relative to the hand, the point to remember is that there are specific locations that correspond to different parts of the body. Furthermore, this is true regardless of the hand, left or right, or gender, male or female, of the individual receiving treatment. For example, the thumb and little finger correspond to the legs, the index and ring fingers the arms, and the middle finger the spine. Pain in a specific area is generally associated with a nodule or bump on the skin in a relevant position.
Fig. 61 Gua Sha Tools made from Natural Horn
Figure 61 shows various Gua Sha tools. In this case, they are made from natural horn. The tools can be used in different locations on the body, for different purposes or for different people. 81
Gua Sha Therapy Technique
Upward to downward
Inward to outward
Upward to downward
Inward to outward
Fig. 62 Gua Sha Technique
The drawings above show techniques for Gua Sha application to different parts of the body. Overall health can be promoted by using these techniques. In general, the technique is done directly on the skin surface; thus applying oil prior to treatment is useful. 82
Facial Gua Sha Massage Gua Sha is a therapeutic treatment with a health texture.
Fig. 63 Gua Sha Facial Massage
The Gua Sha treatment can be applied to virtually any area of the body. The face is no exception. Figure 63 shows the significant points for application as well as the different general areas than can be treated. For More Information on this Booklet and the Original Book, “Chi Nei Ching” from Inner Traditions’ website: www.innertraditions. com or it can be ordered at a local bookstore. 83
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