Biorreactores No Convencionales

 

_IFUOZRFMCM ICBFLICG KLRÆ EC_R]FIL RÃIBHO[ BCZZFÒI ECB_G]CM MO FIDOIFOZÎC S_ÎNFBC V NO]CGÛZDFBC ORB_OGC PZLEORFLICG MO FIDOIOZÎC S_ÎNFBC

]ZCJCKL MO FIUOR]FDCBFÒI NLILDZÃEFBL; JFLZZOCB]LZOR IL BLIUOIBFLICGOR

CRFDIC]_ZC; Jfltobilgldîc pcrc Fidoiforls Suînfbls

PZOROI]CML PLZ;  

NOKFC BCR]ZL, Brfsthfci Citlifl

   

NLZCGOR LZ]ODC, Zlicg ICUCZZL K_CZO[, Rojcstfci Cgoxy

 

PF[CZZL BOZZLI, Nfgcdrls Crfcic MLBOI]O LBZLRPLNC M_OÓCR, Zljort Tfgfcns

H_CBHL, POZÛ ‒ :036

 

ÎIMFBO JFLZZOCB]LZOR IL BLIUOIBFLICGOR........................ BLIUOIBFLICGOR....................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................... ............ 2 3.

Bcrcbtorîsb Bcrcbtorîsbcs cs mo gcs rocbbflios rocbbflios jflg jflgòdfbcs. òdfbcs..... ........ ......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .............. .................. ................2 .......2 3.3.

Bcrcbt Bcrcbtorîsb orîsbcs cs bfiæbcs, bfiæbcs, tornlmfiãnf tornlmfiãnfbcs bcs y mo trciseor trciseoroibfc oibfc mo nctorfc... nctorfc........ .......... .......... .......... ............ ................2 .........2

3.:.

Ciãgfsfs mo blstls.............. blstls............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................= .........=

3.2.

Ljkov Ljkovls ls c blisodufr blisodufr nomfcito nomfcito ui eornoi eornoitcmlr.. tcmlr....... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ............. ...........= ...=

:.

Jflrrocbtlro Jflrrocbtlross Il blivoibfli blivoibflicgos cgos mo cgtc obcbfc....... obcbfc............ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... ............ ................ ...............? ......? :.3.

2.

Jflrr Jflrrocbtlro ocbtlross mo Gobhl Efkl...... Efkl.......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ........... ................ ..............? .....?

Jflrrocbtlros pugscitos......................... pugscitos....................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. .......................3: ........3: 2.3.

Rfston Rfstoncs cs robîprlbls.. robîprlbls....... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... ............ ...............3: ........3:

2.:.

Rfston Rfstoncs cs il lsbfgcitos. lsbfgcitos..... ......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .............32 ........32

=.

Jflrrocbtlro Jflrrocbtlross cdftcmls cdftcmls plr ufml ufmls.... s........ ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. ................. ...........3= ...3= =.3.

Jflpc Jflpcrbug rbugcs... cs....... ........ ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ............. ............3? ...3?

=.:. =.2.

Gobho ufmfzcml ufmfzcmls.... s......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................. .............3? ....3? Eornoi Eornoitcmlro tcmlross cfr-gf... cfr-gf........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ..........35 .....35

=.=.

Gobhls ufmfzc ufmfzcmls mls eroito eroito c cfr-gfs.. cfr-gfs....... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ................34 ........34

?. EOZNOI]CMLZOZR MO NONJZCIC......................... NONJZCIC........................................ ............................. ............................. .............................. ................................... ......................... .....38 38 ?.3. RFR]ONC MO ZO]OIBFLI........ ZO]OIBFLI...................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .........................38 ...........38 ?.:. Runfifstrl mo lxfdoil........................... lxfdoil.......................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ......................................:0 ........................:0 5.Ropcrcbfòi mowg prlmubtl ‗fi sftu„.............................. sftu„............................................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................:3 .........:3 5.3. Jfrrocbtlr l vcbfl l bli strfppfid.......................... strfppfid........................................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .......................: ........:3 3 5.:. Eornoitcmlr oxtrcbvc.............................. oxtrcbvc............................................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ..................................:: ...................:: 5.2. Ropcrcbfòi nomfcito nonjrcics........................... nonjrcics.......................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .................... ......:: :: 4. EL]LJFLZZOCB]LZ........ EL]LJFLZZOCB]LZ....................... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ..................................................... ...................................... :2 4.3. Pcrãnotrls mo prlboscnfoitl c tlncr oi buoitc oi og mfsoól mo eltljflrrocbtlros...........................:2 4.3.3. Runfifstrl mo guz.......................... guz......................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ........................................ ..........................:2 :2 4.3.:. Prlvfsfòi y trciseoroibfc mo ncsc mo BL:....................................... BL:...................................................... ............................................... ................................ :? 4.3.2. Cbunugcbfòi mo lxîdoil............................ lxîdoil.......................................... ............................. ............................. ............................. .................................. ........................... ........ :5 4.3.=. Nozbgc........................ Nozbgc....................................... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................................ ............................. :4 4.:. Provfsflios doiorcgos pcrc osbcgcnfoitl.......................... osbcgcnfoitl......................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. .........................: ..........:6 6 4.2. Ltrls ecbtlros.............................. ecbtlros............................................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ................... ..... :6 4.=. ]fpls mo eltljflrrocbtlros............................ eltljflrrocbtlros.......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................... ................ :6 4.?. Eltljflrrocbtlros tujugcros........................... tujugcros......................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................20 ...............20 C.

]ujugcros vorbcgos........................... vorbcgos.......................................... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .......................2 ........20 0

 

J.

]ujugcros hlrfzlitcgos....................... hlrfzlitcgos..................................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ..................................... ...................... 23

JFLZZOCB]LZOR IL BLIUOIBFLICGOR Rli jflrrocbtlros pcrtfbugcrnoito cmcptcmls c fibronoitcr gc oefbcbfc mo gls prlbosls mo eornoitcbfòi. Cuiquo oi gc ncylr pcrto mo gls prlbosls fimustrfcgos og mfsplsftfvl doiorcgnoito onpgocml os og mo tciquo cdftcml oi lporcbfòi mfsblitfiuc (ZM]C), cgduils mo gls bucgos so oibuoitrci yc fnpgonoitcmls c osbcgc fimustrfcg. Ltrls, sfi onjcrdl, mojoi sor prlpuostls mo cbuorml cg tfpl mo prlmubtl quo so mosoo ljtoior y motornficr su vfcjfgfmcm blnorbfcg.

Q BF]C]FLI

Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^

 Icturcgnoito, bcmc sfstonc ostcrã ospobfcgnoito cblis cblisokcml okcml pcrc uic cpgfbcbfòi motornficmc, mopoimfoiml mog tfpl mo trciselrncbfòi jflgòdfbc mosocmc.Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^

3. Bcrc Bcrcbto btorîs rîstfb tfbcs cs mo gcs ro rocbb cbbfli flios os jflgòd jflgòdfbc fbcss Mcmc gc icturcgozc mo gls prlbosls quo tfoioi gudcr oi ui jflrrocbtlr, su mfsoól mojorã ljomobor c gcs moncimcs prlpfcs mo tlml rocbtlr quînfbl nãs gcs ospobfefbcbflios mog prlbosl  jflgòdfbl. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^

3.3. Bcrcbt Bcrcbtorîstf orîstfbcs bcs bfi bfiætfbcs, ætfbcs, tornlmf tornlmfiãnfbc iãnfbcss y mo mo trcis trciseoroibf eoroibfcc mo nctorf nctorfcc Rodûi Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ ; Gcs rocbbflios jflgòdfbcs, jckl og puitl mo vfstc bfiætfbl y tornlmfiãnfbl, prosoitci uic sorf sorfoo mo bcrc bcrcbt btor orîs îstf tfbc bcss prl prlpf pfcs cs qu quoo gc gcss mf mfeor eoroib oibfc fcii su sust stcib cibfc fcgn gnoi oito to mo lt ltrls rls pr prlbo lbosl slss mo trciselrncbfòi quînfbc, tcgos blnl; 



Rli prlbosls doiorcgnoito goitls, oi blnpcrcbfòi bli gcs rocbbflios quînfbcs. Plr oggl, sus blistcitos mo tfonpl suogoi nomfrso oi hlrcs, o fibgusl mîcs. Gls prlbosls mo eornoi eornoitcbfò tcbfòii tfoio tfoioii ui bcrãbtor bcrãbtor cutlbctcgît cutlbctcgîtfbl, fbl, yc quo gls nfbrllrdcifsn nfbrllrdcifsnls ls (prlmubtls) cbtûci blnl bctcgfzcmlros mog prlbosl.



Gc cbtfvfmcm ospobîefbc mo gls jflbctcgfzcmlros os, hcjftucgnoito, jckc oi blnpcrcbfòi bli gls bctcgfzcmlros quînfbls.



Rli prlb prlbosls osls oxt oxtrclr rclrmfi mficrf crfcno cnoito ito mopoimf mopoimfoit oitos os mo gcs blimfbf blimfbflio lioss cnjfoi cnjfoitcg tcgos os (], pH, lxîdoil, otb.).



Puomoi prosoitcr prljgoncs mo fihfjfbfòi plr prlmubtl y/l sustrctl mopoimfoiml mo gcs blimfbflios mo lporcbfòi y mo gcs bliboitrcbflios mo trcjckl.

 

Gc icturcgozc mog jflbctcgfzcmlr puomo nlmfefbcrso iltcjgonoito c gl gcrdl mo ui prlbosl



rogctfvcnoito prlglidcml. Gcs oitcgpîcs mo rocbbfòi sli jckcs, plr gl quo og mfsoól mo gls oqufpls mo fitorbcnjfl mo



bcglr il mojorîc suplior ui prljgonc mo blisfmorcbfòi. Gc oiordîc mo cbtfvcbfòi mo gc rocbbfòi os fnplrtcito plr gl quo, ospobfcgnoito oi cgduils



rcidls mo tonporcturc, gc voglbfmcm mo rocbbfòi os euortonoito mopoimfoito mo gc tonporcturc mo lporcbfòi.

3. 3.:. :. Ci Ciãg ãgfs fsfs fs mo bl blst stls ls Nomfcito Nomfci to gls prlbosls mo eornoitcbfòi eornoitcbfòi so puomoi ljtoior uic ogovcm ogovcmcc dcnc mo prlmubtls mo mfeoroitos bcrcbtorîstfbcs (vlgunoi mo prlmubbfòi, probfl, fiilvcbfòi, otb.), y plr gl tcitl bli uics mfeoroitos fibfmoibfcs mo gls blstls morfvcmls mo gls mfeoroitos îtons.

Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^

Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ , gcs tros pcrtfmcs Rodûi Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 pcrtfmcs quo tfoioi tfoioi uic ncylr fibfmoibfc fibfmoibfc sljro gls

blstls mo prlmubbfòi sli; 

Nctorfcs prfncs; og cprlvfsflicnfoitl y cblimfbflicnfoitl mo gc nctorfc prfnc roprosoitc hcjftucgnoito ui blstl osoibfcg (oi nubhls bcsls suporflr cg ?0 %).



Blstls Blst ls mo Bcp Bcpft ftcg cg (Prlbos (Prlbosls ls mo prlm prlmubb ubbfòi fòi y sopcrcb sopcrcbfòi fòi); ); gcs uifmcmo uifmcmoss mo eorn eornoit oitcbf cbfòi òi fieguyoi mobfsfvcnoito sljro gls blstls mog Bcpftcg.



Rorvf Rorvfbf bfls ls y nc ncit itoif oifnf nfoit oitll (o (ogo gobt btrfb rfbfm fmcm cm,, vc vcplr plr,, cd cduc, uc, ot otb. b.); ); gl glss bl blst stls ls mo so sorvf rvfbf bfls ls y sunfifstrls sli gls morfvcmls mog onpgol mo oiordîc (vcplr, ogobtrfbfmcm, otb.) y sorvfbfls doiorcgos.

3.2. Ljk Ljkotf otfvls vls c bbliso lisoduf dufrr nomfci nomfcito to ui eorn eornoit oitcmlr cmlr Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^  cefrnc quo;

Pcrc noklrcr gc oblilnîc mog prlbosl, ui jflrrocbtlr fmocg mojorîc pornftfr gldrcr uic sorfo mo ljkotfvls; 

Ljtoior ui cgtl roimfnfoitl oi og prlmubtl mosocml. Ostl fnpgfbc cgbcizcr uic drci blivorsfòi (utfgfzcbfòi blnpgotc mo gc nctorfc prfnc) y blisodufr uic ogovcmc sogobtfvfmcm oi og prlmubtl mosocml.



Cgbcizcr uic ogovcmc prlmubtfvfmcm dgljcg quo mopoimo mo gc voglbfmcm c gc quo trcisburro og prlbosl.



Ljtoior ui prlmubtl oi bliboitrcbfòi ogovcmc, bli og efi mo mfsnfiufr gc blnpgokfmcm y gls blstls mo sopcrcbfòi.

 

3.2.3.Gfnftcbflios

Gc oefbcbfc mo gls prlbosls mo eornoitcbfòi suogo ostcr gfnftcmc plr mfeoroitos bcuscs, oitro gcs bucgos prosoitci uic ncylr fnplrtcibfc; 

Jckc prlmubtfvfmcm mojfml c uic lporcbfòi mfsblitfiuc.



Prljgoncs mo fihfjfbfòi plr sustrctl.





Prljgoncs mo fihfjfbfòi plr prlmubtl. Jckc bliboitrcbfòi bogugcr l oizfnãtfbc oi og jflrrocbtlr.



Gfnftcbflios plr trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc.

:. Jfl Jflrro rrocbtl cbtlros ros Il bli blivoib voibfli flicgo cgoss mo cgtc oefbcbf oefbcbfcc Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^  oi su fivostfdcbfòi cefrnc quo;

_i jflrrocbtlr mo cgtc oefbcbfc os cquæg quo gldro noklrcr sustcibfcgnoito gc lporcbfòi mo ui motornficml prlbosl, cgduils mo ostls jflrrocbtlros sli;

:.3.. Jflr :.3 Jflrro rocbt cbtlr lros os mo mo Go Gobhl bhl Efkl Efkl ¼Cgduic voz hcs fml mo pcsol c uic zlic erîc y hcs ljsorvcml blnl jrltc og cduc mog suogl< ¼Hcs osbubhcml quo gcs porslics mo osls gudcros mfboi; ‗osc sf os cduc purc„< ¼Hcs iltcml quo buciml gc doito blnprc cduc onjltoggcmc proeforo gc quo prlvfoio mo gls ncicitfcgos< ¼C quæ broos quo so mojci ostcs fitorrldcitos< Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^ Puos jfoi, ui ncicit ncicitfcg fcg so elrnc buciml oxfsto scgfmc icturcg mog cduc sujtorrãio sujtorrãioc, c, os mobfr, mo cquoggc quo so oibuoitrc mojckl mo gc suporefbfo mo gc tforrc, quo prlvfoio mo gc fiefgtrcbfòi, c trcvæs mog suogl, mog cduc mo gguvfc, mo rîls, gcdls l jfoi mo gc ifovo quo so morrfto… Porl… oitlibos… ¼C quæ so mojo quo so go blisfmoro ‗purc„, l quo toidc noils bcitfmcm mo sustcibfcs quo og cduc suporefbfcg< Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^ Zosugtc quo murcito og mosboisl mog cduc, ostc bfrbugc, plr cóls, c trcvæs mo ‗nctorfcgos icturcgos„. ]foio ui nlvfnfoitl vortfbcg, os mobfr, vc pcsciml plr pcrtîbugcs mo tforrc, croic l rlbc (gobhls), hcstc quo ggodc c uic zlic fnpornocjgo quo gc motfoio. Oi lbcsflios, ostls gobhls cgjordci nfbrllrdcifs nfbrl lrdcifsnls, nls, os mobfr, cgduics jcbtorfc jcbtorfcss broboi sljro su suporefbfo, y utfgfzci utfgfzci bfortcs sustcibfcs lrdãifbcs o filrdãifbcs, prosoitos oi og cduc, pcrc ncitoior sus euibflios vftcgos, mo tcg nciorc, quo gcs notcjlgfzci y gcs ogfnfici… Osc cduc, bli noils bliboitrcbfòi mo blitcnficitos, oibuoitrc uic scgfmc icturcg hcbfc gc suporefbfo, quo os gl quo ilsltrls blilbonls blnl ncicitfcg… Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^

¼Chlrc oitfoimos plrquo so mfbo quo og cduc mo ncicitfcg os ‗purc„<

 

Og bcsl provfcnoito mosbrftl, os ui okonpgl icturcg mo ui jflrrocbtlr mo gobhl efkl, yc quo tfoio tfoio ui gobh gobhll sò sògf gfml ml onpc onpcbc bcml ml (t (tfo forrc rrc)) quo sf sfrvo rvo blnl blnl slp slplrt lrtoo pc pcrc rc gl glss nf nfbrl brllrd lrdci cifs fsnl nlss (oibcrdcmls mo mosblnplior y csfnfgcr gc nctorfc lrdãifbc) y c trcvæs mog bucg pcsc ui egufml (cduc) oi mfrobbfòi vortfbcg. Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^ Oi gc cbtucgfmcm, gc jfltobilgldîc ostã fnpcbtciml euortonoito oi og moscrrlggl mo prlbosls lrfoitcmls cg blitrlg, provoibfòi, trctcnfoitl y ronomfcbfòi mo gc blitcnficbfòi oi og cnjfoito1 yc quo, og usl mo nfbrllrdcifsnls bcpcbos mo cmcptcrso, notcjlgfzcr y ogfnficr blitcnficitos quo il  puomoi sor ronlvfmls mog cfro, cduc y suogl pl plrr pr prlbosls lbosls blivoibflicgos, roprosoitc uic cgtorictfvc vfcjgo. Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^ Plr gc rogovcibfc quo tfoio og trctcnfoitl mo cducs rosfmucgos y og blitrlg mo gcs onfsflios blitcnficitos c gc ctnòseorc, so ostãi moscrrlggciml jflrrocbtlros quo pornftoi noklrcr gc bcgfmcm mog nomfl hîmrfbl y mog cfro, bli gc eficgfmcm mo ncitoior og oqufgfjrfl oi iuostrl oblsfstonc. ]cg os og bcsl mo gls jfl jflrroc rrocbtl btlros ros mo gobhl gobhl efk efkl, l, moilnfi moilnficml cmlss tcnjfæ tcnjfæii ‗jflef ‗jflefgtr gtrls„. ls„.

Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg

30:?0 ^

Oi ostls jflrrocbtlros so fnpgonoitc ui sfstonc mo rotoibfòi, erobuoitonoito cmhosfòi l fibgusfòi, quo pornfto cunoitcr iltcjgonoito gc bliboitrcbfòi oizfnãtfbc l bogugcr oi og sfstonc,  protoimfæimlso bli oggl gldrcr uic ncylr bcpcbfmcm trciselrncmlrc. Buciml og sfstonc lporc oi blitfiul, so ovftc mo osto nlml, og gcvcml mo gls nfbrllrdcifsnls l oizfncs.

Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg

30:?0 ^

Glss jflr Gl jflrro rocb cbtl tlro ross mo go gobh bhll ef efkl kl po porn rnft ftoi oi nc ncit itoi oior or ui uicc og ogov ovcm cmcc bl blib iboi oitr trcb cbfò fòii mo mogg  jflbctcgfzcmlr oi og sfstonc nomfcito finlvfgfzcbfòi oi ui slplrto, trctciml mo blisodufr uic ogovcmc bcpcbfmcm trciselrncmlrc. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ :.3.3. :.3. 3. Bcrcbt Bcrcbtorî orîstf stfbcs bcs mo ui jflrrocb jflrrocbtlr tlr mo gobhl gobhl efkl efkl

_i jflrrocbtlr mo gobhl efkl l jflefgtrl blisfsto oi uic blgunic onpcbcmc bli ui sògfml (gobhl)) oi gc quo so hcbo pcscr ui egufml (gîqu (gobhl (gîqufml fml l dcs). Ostls sfstonc sfstoncss lporci oi plsfbfòi vortfbc vortfbcg.g. Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^

Og gobhl ujfbcml oi gc pcrto fitoric mog mfsplsftfvl cbtûc blnl ui efgtrl jcbtorfcil, mlimo tfoioi gudcr gcs rocbbflios mo mosblnplsfbfòi, csfnfgcbfòi y moscrrlggl mo jflncsc, os mobfr, oi gc suporefbfo mog sògfml, so moscrrlggc gc pljgcbfòi mo jcbtorfcs quo ostãi finlvfgfzcmcs oi og jflrrocbtlr. Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^

 

Oi ltrcs pcgcjrcs, og gobhl mog jflrrocbtlr puomo sor ui nctorfcg sògfml lrdãifbl, plr okonpgl; blnplst, turjc, rlbcs plrlscs, bcsbcrcs mo bcbchucto, mo crrlz l ncmorc1 oi og quo brobo gc pljgcbfòi nfbrljfcic. nfbrl jfcic. C trcvæs mo æg pcsc og egufm egufmll quo blitfoio blitfoio gls sustrctls quo so mosoci trciselrncr trciselrncr y quo sli cjslrjfmls, modrcmcmls l blisunfmls plr gc jflpogîbugc elrncmc oi gc suporefbfo mog gobhl. Gc blnplsfbfòi mog slplrto kuodc ui pcpog nuy fnplrtcito, mojfml c quo fieguyo oi gc csfnfgcbfòi y trciselrncbfòi mo gls sustrctls, yc quo prlvoo c gls nfbrllrdcifsnls mo gcs blimfbflios cmobucmcs mo pH, tonporcturc, hunomcm, iutrfoitos y egukl mo lxîdoil. Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^ Gc mfrobbfòi mog egukl oi osto tfpl mo sfstoncs puomo sor cxfcg, sî gc mfrobbfòi mog egukl os gc nfsnc quo gc mog oko mo rltcbfòi (plr okonpgl gc mfrobbfòi mog cduc moitrl mo uic nciduorc) l rcmfcg, sî gc mfrobbfòi so cborbc l so cgokc mog oko mo rltcbfòi (plr okonpgl, buciml eguyo og cduc oi og filmlrl, gl hcbo hcbfc og boitrl mog moscd÷o). Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^

 Efdurc 3. Zocbtlr cicorljfl-corljfl mo gobhl efkl y egukl csboimoito bli robfrbugcbfòi mo gc ecso

gîqufmc. :.3.: :.3 .:.. Ncto Nctorf rfcg cgos os y blst blstls ls

Gls jflrrocbtlros mo gobhl efkl l jflefgtrls, so puomoi bgcsfefbcr oi tros drcimos drupls; gls  jflefgtrls mo gobhl efkl (JGE), gls jflefgtrls mo gobhl osburrfml (JGO) y gls jflgcvcmlros (JG). Q BF]C]FLI Bfo36 Wg 30:?0 ^

Mo cbuorml c gc RONCZIC] (s.e.); c) Oi gls jfle jflefgtr fgtrls ls mo gobhl efkl efkl (JGE) og gobhl gobhl onpcb onpcbcml cml l nctorfcg nctorfcg efgtrcito, efgtrcito, puomo puomo sor sfitætfb sfitætfbll u lrdãifbl1 onpgoãimlso blnl nctorfcgos efgtrcitos; rlbcs plrlscs, tforrc mo mfctlnocs,

 

 porgftc, tforrc, trlzls mo ncmorcs, mfeoroitos tfpls mo blnplstcs, ros rosfmuls fmuls lrdãifbls tcgos blnl bãsbcrcs mo bcbchucto, mo crrlz l mo blbl, efjrc mo bcóc mo czûbcr, oitro ltrls.  j) Gls jflefgtrls mo gobhl osburrfml (JGO) blistci mo uic blgunic onpcbcmc bli ui slplrto fiorto, usucgnoito mo nctorfcg borãnfbl l pgãstfbl, mlimo so moscrrlggc gc jflpogîbugc. b) Gls jflg jflgcvcmlros cvcmlros (JG (JG)) sli onpcbcm onpcbcmls ls mo ui nctorf nctorfcg cg fiorto bujfort bujfortll mo gc pogîbugc pogîbugc jflgòdfbc jflgòdfbc oibcrdcmc mo modrcmcr cg blitcnficito. Oi gls JGE y oi gls JGO, og gobhl efgtrcito os og hãjftct mo gls nfbrllrdcifsnls, plr gl quo so mojoi utfgfzcr nctorfcgos mo drci mfsplifjfgfmcm oi og sftfl mo lporcbfòi mog sfstonc, csî blnl ui jckl blstl. Oi doiorcg, so proeforo quo gls nctorfcgos efgtrcitos blitoidci gls iutrfoitos ioboscrfls pcrc og notcjlgfsnl nfbrljfcil, sfi onjcrdl oi cusoibfc l jckc bliboitrcbfòi mo ostls puomoi cmfbflicrso nomfcito slgubfòi mo iutrfoitos. Pcrc gls JGE ostc slgubfòi so cdrodc porfòmfbcnoito plr csporsfòi. Pcrc gls JGO, gcs slgubflios nfiorcgos so cdrodci cg gîqufml oi nlvfnfoitl (RONCZIC], s.e.). Og nctorfcg efgtrcito mojo toior uic juoic bcpcbfmcm mo rotoibfòi mo cduc, yc quo gls nfbrllrdcifsnls roquforoi mo uic fnplrtcito bcitfmcm mo cduc pcrc brobor. Og rcidl òptfnl mo hunomcm mog nctorfcg efgtrcito oi sfstoncs mo jflefgtrcbfòi so blisfmorc oitro =0 y 50%. _i jckl blit blitoi oifm fmll oi og go gobh bhll ef efgt gtrc rcit itoo ro romu mubo bo og os ospo posl slrr mo gc jf jflp lpog ogîb îbug ugcc y norn norncc gc cb cbtf tfvf vfmc mcmm nfbrljflgòdfbc y, plr blisfdufoito, gc cbtfvfmcm mog jflefgtrl. Plr ltrl gcml, ui ogovcml blitoifml mo hunomcm puomo brocr uic scturcbfòi, prlvlbciml zlics cicorljfcs l fibronoitcr gc bcîmc mo prosfòi. Og pH mo ostls sfstoncs mojo sor rodugcml yc quo iunorlsls prlbosls mo lxfmcbfòi doiorci  prlmubtls ãbfmls, jãsfbls l fihfjftlrfls, blnl gls blnpuostls bglrcmls, czuercmls y cnlifl oitro ltrls. Oi doiorcg gc bcpcbfmcm cnlrtfducmlrc so gldrc nomfcito gc cmfbfòi mo blnpuostls tcgos blnl bcrjlictls mo bcgbfl l blnl blibhcs mo lstfòi pcrc gls JGE l nomfcito gc cmfbfòi mo slgubflios cnlrtfducmlrcs gîqufmcs oi og bcsl mo gls JGO (RONCZIC], s.e.). Bli gl quo rospobtc cg gobhl, os ioboscrfl quo osto; 

Roc ceîi bli og nfbrllrdcifsnl c finlvfgfzcr.



Og tcncól mo pcrtîbugc mojo ostcr oitro 60-5?0 ¿n.



Gc cgturc mog gobhl sfi egufmfzcr mojo sor nãxfnl mog ?0% mo gc cgturc mog rocbtlr. Gc sfdufoito tcjgc, nuostrc gcs voitckcs y mosvoitckcs mo ui rocbtlr mo gobhl egufmfzcml;

 

Uoitckcs y Mosvoitckcs mo ui rocbtlr mo gobhl egufmfzcml Uoitckcs Gc lporcbfòi puomo ggodcr c Nlml mo lporcbfòi

sor blitfiuc, sonfblitfiuc l tfpl jctbh. Gl bucg hcbo mog

Mosvoitckcs _ic oxpcisfòi mog gobhl nuy Oxpcisfòi mog gobhl

rocbtlr mo gobhl egufmfzcml uic cgtorictfvc vorsãtfg. C gl gcrdl mog gobhl, so oibuoitrc uifelrnfmcm oi gc ]onporcturc

tonporcturc, gl quo pornfto su blitrlg y so ovftc gc elrncbfòi mo puitls bcgfoitos

quînfbl

doiorc uic noilr rosfstoibfc c gc mfeusfòi mog plrl, toifoiml blnl blisobuoibfc

mog rocbtlr fibronoitciml gls blstls mo bcpftcg. Puomo rosugtcr blnpgfbcml og

Ostumfl mog blnplrtcnfoitl hfmrliînfbl

oi cgduics pcrtos mog rocbtlr. Og usl mo pcrtîbugcs poquoócs, Mosonpoól

cgtc, cunoitc gc mfnoisfòi

nlmogcnfoitl mog rocbtlr doiorciml bfortcs fibortfmunjros sljro su mosonpoól cg nlnoitl mo osbcgcr og prlbosl.

Blimfbflios nobãifbcs

Gc cjrcsfòi bcusc orlsfòi mo tujorîcs y cbboslrfls.

uic ncylr oefbfoibfc. Hcy noklr blitcbtl oitro og Nozbgcml mo Pcrtîbugcs

sògfml y og egufml ovftciml drcmfoitos mo bliboitrcbflios, csodurciml csî ncylr oefbfoibfc. Og rocbtlr euibflic mo nciorc

Blitrlg

blitfiuc y so puomo blitrlgcr mo nciorc cutlnãtfbc.  Euoito; Govoispfog (3685)1 ]rcnjluzoot cg.(3688)1 Ifblgoggcot cg.(:000).

:.3.2. :.3. 2. Bliefd Bliefdurcb urcbfòi fòi mo Eguk Egukl l oi Pfst Pfstòi òi

Rf og porefg mo voglbfmcmos mog egufml os poreobtcnoito pgcil oi bcmc sobbfòi trcisvorscg mog oqufpl, so mfbo quo og jflrrocbtlr so blnplrtc blnl ui sfstonc mo egukl oi pfstòi. Ro protoimo bli oggl ncitoior ui drcmfoito blitfiul mo bliboitrcbfòi mo sustrctl y prlmubtl(s) c gl gcrdl mog oqufpl. Plr ostc rczòi, gls mfsoóls jcscmls oi osto bliboptl sli cmobucmls buciml og prlbosl eornoitctfvl

 

ostã fihfjfml plr prlmubtl. _i rocbtlr mo egukl oi pfstòi, cmonãs iobosftc ui noilr vlgunoi mo rocbbfòi quo uil hlnldæiol, sf oi gcs blimfbflios mo lporcbfòi, og prlbosl il ostã fihfjfml plr og sustrctl.Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ c. Jf Jflrr lrroc ocbt btlr lr mmoo eg eguk ukll pfst pfstòi òi

 Efdurc :. Jflrrocbtlr mo egukl pfstòi

 j. Egukl Pfstòi Fmocg (EPF) Blnl il hcy rotrlnozbgcml, gls ogonoitls mog egufml bli bægugcs cbtfvcs il puomoi filbugcr  ogonoitls mo egufml iuovls, cducs crrfjc. Plr gl quo, so roquforo og robfbgl blitfiul mo bægugcs pcrc gc filbugcbfòi blitfiuc mog nomfl erosbl cgfnoitcml. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ _i EPF os oqufvcgoito c ui jctbh, oi og bucg gc plsfbfòi oi og jflrrocbtlr oqufvcgo c ui motornficml tfonpl roquorfml oi og jflrrocbtlr jctbh. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ Oqufpls bli bægugcs finlvfgfzcmcs so csonokci c ui EPF y il iobosftci og robfbgl, so usci oxtoiscnoito oi og trctcnfoitl mo oeguoitos. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ _ic bcsbcmc mo qufnflstctls so csonokc c ui EPF buciml og iûnorl mo tciquos os ncylr quo ?. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^  Efdurc 2. Egukl pfstòi fmocg

 

b. Nl Nlmo mogc gcml ml mo mogg J Jfl flrro rrocb cbtl tlr  r  Pcrc motornficr gls porefgos mo bliboitrcbfòi oi og jflrrocbtlr so hcmo elrnugcr ui nlmogl quo toidc oi buoitc tros cspobtls; bfiætfbc cpcroito, rosfstoibfc oxtronc cg trcisplrto y nlmogl mo egukl. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ m. Bf Bfiæ iætf tfbc bc ccpc pcro roit itoo _icc mo gcs _i gcs el elrn rncs cs mo bc bcrc rcbt btor orfz fzcr cr bf bfiæ iætf tfbc bcno noit itoo ui jf jflb lbct ctcg cgfz fzcm cmlr lr,, bl blis isfs fsto to oi gc motornficbfòi mo su bfiætfbc cpcroito quo oidgljc, plr ui gcml, gc rosfstoibfc cg trcisplrto mfeusflicg oi og fitorflr mog jflbctcgfzcmlr sògfml y, plr tcitl, gc voglbfmcm mo gc rocbbfòi jflquînfbc quo tfoio gudcr oi og nfsnl. Oi osto bcsl gls pcrãnotrls bfiætfbls so ljtfoioi c pcrtfr mo oxporfnoitls ggovcmls c bcjl bli og jflbctcgfzcmlr oi ui sfstonc jfoi cdftcml, gl quo pornfto nfifnfzcr gc rosfstoibfc oxtoric cg trcisplrto mo nctorfc. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^ o. Zos Zosfst fstoib oibfc fc ccgg ttrci rcisplr splrto to mmoo nc nctor torfc fc Rodûi Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^  cefrnc quo; Pcrc toior oi buoitc og oeobtl mo gc rosfstoibfc oxtoric cg trcisplrto mo nctorfc, mojo blisfmorcrso og sfdufoito jcgcibo;  Is > AGR (Rj ‒ Rs ) > rpn (Rs /As + Rs ) Mòimo; AGR os og bloefbfoito mo trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc pcrc og sustrctl, sfoiml Rj y Rs gcs blib bliboi oitr trcb cbfl flio ioss mo su sust strc rctl tl oi og soil soil mo mogg gî gîqu qufm fmll y oi gc su supo pore refb fbfo fo mo mogg jf jflb lbct ctcg cgfz fzcm cmlr lr,, rospobtfvcnoito. Ostc obucbfòi fimfbc quo og egukl mo sustrctl Is mosmo gc ecso gîqufmc hcstc gc suporefbfo mog bctcgfzcmlr, os fducg c gc voglbfmcm mo blisunl mo sustrctl oi og nfsnl, oi ui sfstonc oi ostcml ostcbflicrfl. Guodl so prlbomo c mfnoisflicr gcs vcrfcjgos. e. Uc Ucgf gfmc mcbf bfòi òi mmog og nlmo nlmogl gl Pcrc rocgfzcr og ckusto mo gls mctls oxporfnoitcgos plr og nlmogl, so suplio ui vcglr fifbfcg mog  pcrãnotrl I mog nlmogl mo tciquos oi sorfo. Ro blisfmorci tros zlics mfeoroibfcmcs, mfeoroi bfcmcs, so mojoi utfgfzcr   pcrc bcmc I/2 tciquos gls pcrãnotrls bfiætfbls. Guodl so bcgbugc gc bliboitrcbfòi mo sustrctl mo gc suporefbfo mog bctcgfzcmlr, csî blnl gc bliboitrcbfòi mog sustrctl c gc scgfmc mog prfnor tciquo. Ro ropftoo osto prlbosl mo bãgbugl pcrc gls I tciquos ropft tciquos hcstc quo so ljtfoio gc bliboitrcbfòi bliboitrcbfòi mog sustrctl sustrctl c gc scgfmc mog rocbtlr. Rf osto vcglr il blfibfmo bli og oxporfnoitcg so mojo prljcr bli ltrl vcglr mo I, hcstc quo gc slgubfòi blivorkc moitrl mo ui gînfto mo orrlr efkcml fifbfcgnoito. Ro puomo cpgfbcr ui

 

ciãgfsfs sfnfgcr pcrc ljtoior gls porefgos mo prlmubtl, cpgfbciml og bliboptl mo roimfnfoitl mo sustrctl oi prlmubtl. Q BF]C]FLI Zcû34 Wg 30:?0 ^

2. Jflrr Jflrroc ocbtl btlros ros pu pugs gsci citos tos Gls sfstoncs pugscitos hci sfml cpgfbcmls oi mfeoroitos prlbosls jfltobilgòdfbls, tcitl oi og bcnpl mo gc prlmubbfòi mo notcjlgftls plr eornoitcbfòi y oi rocbtlros oizfnãtfbls blnl oi og trctcnfoitl cicorljfl mo cducs rosfmucgos. Cuiquo og ljkotfvl jusbcml il os sfonpro og nfsnl, oi doiorcg,, su cpgfb doiorcg cpgfbcbfòi cbfòi protoimo fibronoit fibronoitcr cr gc voglbf voglbfmcm mcm mo trciseoroibfc trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc nctorfc oi gls oqufpls, oqufpls,  plr cunoitl mo gc turjugoibfc l ecvlrobfnfoitl og blitcbtl oitro ecsos ec sosQ BF]C]FLI Dlm0? Wg 30:?0 ^ .

2.3. Rfstoncs robîprlbls Oi ostls sfstoncs, gc pugscbfòi so doiorc nomfcito og nlvfnfoitl cgtorictfvl mo cgdûi ogonoitl mog jflrrocbtlr. Oi og bcsl mo gcs blgunics mo pgctls pugscitos, gc pugscbfòi so doiorc nomfcito og nlvfnfoitl csboimoito- mosboimoito mo gls pgctls. Gc pugscbfòi mog gîqufml blitoifml oi gc blgunic, tcnjfæi so puomo oeobtucr nomfcito ui ænjlgl cblpgcml c gc jcso mo gc blgunic. Gc  pugscbfòi lsbfgcito tcnjfæi puomo prlmubfrso plr gc cbbfòi mo ui pugscmlr iounãtfbl l fibgusl nomfcito uic jlnjc mo nonjrcic. Og onpgol mo blgunics mo pcgtls pugscitos pcrc og trctcnfoitl corljfl mo cducs rosfmucgos  pornfto gc prlmubbfòi mo ui ncylr iûnorl mo jurjukcs mo cfro mo noilr tcncól y gc noklr  hlnldoiofzcbf hlnldo iofzcbfòi òi mog blitoifml blitoifml mog sfstonc, sfstonc, noklrciml noklrciml csfnfsnl csfnfsnl og blitcbtl blitcbtl nfbrllrdcifsn nfbrllrdcifsnl-cduc l-cduc rosfmucg. Csî pcrc gc iftrfefbcbfòi mo cducs rosfmucgos cgtcnoito blitcnficmcs, so cpgfbl bli oefbcbfc ui sfstonc elrncml plr tros rocbtlros mo pgctls pugscitos, bli mls sfstoncs mo mobcitcbfòi pcrc gc rotoibfòi mo gc jflncsc bliobtcmls c gcs mls prfnorcs otcpcs Q BF]C]FLI Dlm0? Wg 30:?0 ^ . Osto tfpl mo jflrrocbtlros so cpgfbò tcnjfæi c prlbosls quo onpgoci hlidls y jcbtorfcs pcrc gc  prlmubbfòi mo citfjfòtfbls (Bycthus strfctus), mo ãbfml bîtrfbl (Cspordfggus ifdor) y mo otcilg ([ynlnlics nljfgfs). Oi gls mls prfnorls bcsls, oi gls quo og prlbosl os corljfl y og nomfl mo ogovcmc vfsblsfmcm, og jflrrocbtlr mo pgctls pugscitos pornfto ljtoior ui ogovcml drcml mo nozbgc. Gc doiorcbfòi mo turjugoibfc mojfml cg nlvfnfoitl cgtorictfvl mo gls pgctls prlvlbc gc mfsporsfòi mo gcs  jurjukcs mo dcs y mfsnfiuyo og tcncól mo gls poggots, plr gl quo gc trciseoroibfc y, blisobuoitonoito, vcrfls pcrãnotrls mo eornoitcbfòi sli noklros. Oi gcs trciselrncbflios corljfcs bli nfbrllrdcifsnls finlvfgfzcmls, gc jckc mfsplifjfgfmcm mog lxfdoil mfsuogtl oi og nomfl mo eornoitcbfòi blistftuyo gc otcpc gfnftcito mog prlbosl. Os og bcsl mo gc prlmubbfòi mo ãbfml cbætfbl bli bægugcs mo Cbotljcbtor cbotf finlvfgfzcmcs sljro ui slplrto borãnfbl. Og egukl pugscito mfsnfiuyo gc rosfstoibfc oxtoric c gc trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc y ecbfgftc gc

 

corcbfòi mog oqufpl, sfoiml utfgfmcm plr tcitl oi sfstoncs jflgòdfbls bli finlvfgfzcbfòi. Pcrc gc  prlmubbfòi mo prltoîic uifbogugcr, mlimo gls roquorfnfoitls mo lxîdoil tcnjfæi sli cgtls, so hci cpgfbcml blgunics pugscitos mo pgctls porelrcmls (pugscmlr nobãifbl tfpl pfstòi) blnpctfjgos bli ui drcmfoito drcmfo ito mo bliboit bliboitrcbfòi rcbfòi cg gcrdl mog rocbtlr, rocbtlr, gl quo fibgusl noklrc gc trciseoroibf trciseoroibfcc mo lxfdoil oi rogcbf rogcbfòi òi c ltr ltrls ls rocbtlr rocbtlros os mo ogo ogovcm vcmcc oef oefbcb bcbfc fc tcg tcgos os blnl blnl oquf oqufpls pls cfr cfr-gf -gfet, et, blguni blgunics cs mo pgc pgctls tls  porelrcmcs l rocbtlros mo nozbgc bli turjfic Zushtli. Oi og trctcn trctcnfoitl foitl cicorljf cicorljfll mo cducs rosfmucgos, gls efgtrls cicorljfls cicorljfls,, gls rocbtlros rocbtlros mo gobho egufmfzcml y gls rocbtlros mo jubgo prosoitci prljgoncs mo elrncbfòi mo bcnfils proeoroitos y mo tcpl tcplicn icnfo foit itls. ls. Gc fi fitr trlm lmub ubbf bfòi òi mo gc cg cgfn fnoit oitcbf cbfòi òi oi elrnc elrnc pu pugs gsci cito to (nom (nomfc fcit itoo jlnjc jlnjcss mo nonjrci non jrcic) c) porn pornft ftoo nok noklrc lrcrr sfd sfdife ifefbc fbctfv tfvcnoi cnoito to gc mosdcsf mosdcsfefb efbcbf cbfòi, òi, uic noklr noklr mfs mfstrf trfjubf jubfòi òi mog sujstrctl sujstrc tl y doiorcr goitl goitlss nlvfn nlvfnfoitl foitlss mog gobhl quo ecvlrobo ecvlroboii gc roilvcbfòi roilvcbfòi mo gc fitorecso. Oi gls  prlbosls coròjfbls, cor òjfbls, so ecvlrobo gc rupturc mo gcs jurjukcs mo dcs y gc ovcbucbfòi mog dcs mospoimfml, noklrãimlso cmonãs og blitcbtl oitro gc nctorfc lrdãifbl mfsuogtc y gcs bægugcs cmhorfmcs cg slplrto.

2.:. Rfstoncs il lsbfgcitos Og onpgol mo rocbtlros mo gobhl efkl, bli bægugcs l oizfncs finlvfgfzcml, prosoitc uic sorfo mo prlj prljgon goncs cs lpo lporcbf rcbflicg licgos, os, tcg y blnl blnl so fim fimfbò fbò cit citorf orflrno lrnoito ito quo puo puomoi moi nfi nfifnf fnfzcrs zcrsoo plr  cpgfbcbfòi cpgfb cbfòi mo uic porturjcbf porturjcbfòi òi oi elrnc mo pugscb pugscbfòi fòi oi gc blrrfoito mo cgfnoitcbf cgfnoitcbfòi, òi, -sfi onjcrdl, onjcrdl, gls sfstoncs mfsbutfmls oi og cpcrtcml citorflrnoito doiorci uic fnplrtcito rotrl nozbgc, il mosocmc on prlbosls mo eornoitcbfòi fihfjfmls plr prlmubtl. Pcrc blnpctfjfgfzcr cnjls prlpòsftls so hc prlpuostl og onpgol mo ui mfsplsftfvl mo  pugscbfòi, blilbfml blnl pugscmlr mo nonjrcic ogãstfbc quo blisfsto oi ui sfstonc ogãstfbl bliobtcml c uic ogobtrlvãgvugc, buyl tfonpl mo cporturc y bforro so blitrlgc mo nlml cutlnãtfbl. Og gfqufml fnpugscml plr uic jlnjc so cbunugc oi og sfstonc ogãstfbl nfoitrcs gc vãgvugc ostc borrcmc, y os fnpugscml cg fitorflr mog jflrrocbtlr buciml ostc so cjro. Osto nlml mo lporcbfòi pornfto doiorcr  uic pugscbfòi mo limc bucmrcmc oi gc blgunic mo roggoil quo pornfto, blnl voitckc mfeoroibfcg, ncitoior uic hfmrãugfbc mo tfpl pfstòi oi og rocbtlr. Og vlgunoi mog gfqufml pugscml so rodugc nomfcito og tfonpl mo bforro mo gc ogobtrlvãgvugc mo cbuorml bli og bcumcg sunfifstrcml plr gc jlnjc, mojfoiml ncitoiorso moitrl mo gls gfnftos mo ogcstfbfmcm mo gc nonjrcic. Q BF]C]FLI Jcf85 Wg 30:?0 ^ Gc cpgfbcbfòi mo osto sfstonc mo pugscbfòi c ui prlbosl mo eornoitcbfòi mo hoxlscs plr  scbbhcrlnybos borovfsfco finlvfgfzcmc plr fibgusfòi oi a-bcrrcdoictl oi rocbtlros mo gobhl efkl hc  pornftfml roslgvor vcrfls mo gls prljgoncs fimfbcmls citorflrnoito y bli oggl cunoitcr gc oefbcbfc mog prlbosl. Og oeobtl mo gc pugscbfòi sljro gc prlmubtfvfmcm, roimfnfoitl y blivorsfòi mog prlbosl os

 

nãs rogovcito rogovcito oi gc zlic tornficg mog eornoitc eornoitcmlr, mlr, drcbfcs c uic noklr roilvcbfòi mo gc fitorecso, y gc ogfnficbfòi mo notcjògfbl dcsolscs bcuscitos mog moefbfoito blitcbtl sujstrctl/jflpcrtfbugc.

=. Jfl Jflrro rrocbtl cbtlros ros cdf cdftcml tcmlss p plr lr eeguf gufmls mls _icc mo gcs _i gcs cg cgto toric rictf tfvcs vcs cg onpg onpgol ol mo oqu oqufp fpls ls mo go gobh bhll ef efkl kl bl blisf isfst stoo oi ncit ncitoi oior or gc gcss  jflpcrtfbugcs oi suspoisfòi nomfcito og prlpfl egukl mo cgfnoitcbfòi, plr og dcs mosproimfml murcito m urcito gc eornoitcbfòi l fitrlmubfoiml ui dcs fiorto oi og rocbtlr. Gls gobhls cdft cdftcmls cmls plr egufml egufmlss prosoitci prosoitci cgduic cgduicss voitckcs voitckcs bliboptucgos bliboptucgos sljro ltrls mfsoóls. Mopoimfoiml mo gc tobilgldîc onpgocmc, mo gcs bcrcbtorîstfbcs dolnætrfbcs mog oqufpl y mo gcs blimfbflios mo lporcbfòi (bcumcg mo gfqufml y dcs, tcncól mo jurjukc, tcncól y moisfmcm mo gcs  pcrtîbugcs sògfmcs, otb), og blnplrtcnfoitl mo gc eecso cso gfqufmc puomo cprlxfncrso cg mo ui sfstonc mo egukl oi pfstòi l cg mo ui sfstonc tltcgnoito hlnldæiol. Cmonãs, gls oqufpls cdftcmls plr egufmls lrfdfi lrf dfici ci ui noi noilr lr rlzc rlzcnfo nfoitl itl,, bcrcbto bcrcbtorîs rîstfb tfbcc fnplrt fnplrtcit citoo buciml buciml so onpgoc onpgocii jflbct jflbctcgf cgfzcml zcmlros ros soisfjgos c gcs euorzcs mo bfzcggc. Oi blnpcrcbfòi bli gls rocbtlros mo gobhl efkl, gls gobhls egufmfzcmls pornftoi uic ncylr  ecbfgfmcm pcrc gc ogfnficbfòi mo dcs, csî blnl gc lporcbfòi bli jflpcrtfbugcs mo tcncól fieorflr, gl quo nfifnfzc gcs rosfstoibfcs c gc trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc. Cmonãs, so ovftc og prljgonc mo tcplicnfoitls plr brobfnfoitls mo jflncsc, yc quo og gobhl tfoimo c oxpcimfrso, sfoiml og pcrtfbugcr  mo noilr moisfmcm crrcstrcmcs plr og egufml y ogfnficmcs plr gc zlic suporflr. Ru prfibfpcg mfefbugtcm os gc blnp blnpgo gokf kfmc mcmm hf hfmrl mrlmf mfiãn iãnfb fbcc quo quo,, erobu erobuoit oiton onoi oito to,, bl blimu imubo bo c uic lporc lporcbf bfòi òi fi fios ostc tcjg jgo, o, ospobfcgnoito blisfmorciml quo gcs prlpfomcmos mog jflbctcgfzcmlr vci ovlgubfliciml c gl gcrdl mog  prlbosl mo eornoitcbfòi.

=.3. Jflpcrtfbugcs Oi ostls oqufpls so puomoi onpgocr jflpcrtfbugcs mo mfãnotrl fieorflr c gcs utfgfzcmcs oi gls oqufpls mo gobhl efkl, gl quo pornfto cgbcizcr ncylros prlmubtfvfmcmos vlgunætrfbcs cg prosoitcr uic ncylr rogcbfòi suporefbfo/vlgunoi. Gc oefbcbfc mo gc lporcbfòi mopoimo mo gcs blimfbflios cnjfoitcgos, pH, euorzc fòifbc, omcm bogugcr, otb. Csî blnl mo gc bcpcbfmcm cutl eglbugcito mo gc bopc utfgfzcmc y mo gcs blimfbflios hfmrlmfiãnf hfmrlm fiãnfbcs bcs mo lporcbf lporcbfòi òi mog jflrrocbtlr. jflrrocbtlr. Cmonãs, so puomo ecvlrobor ecvlrobor gc eglbugcbfòi eglbugcbfòi plr cmfbfòi mo cdoitos oxtorils. Gc prfibfpcg mfefbugtcm quo prosoitc gc utfgfzcbfòi mo ostc tæbifbc os quo puomo  prlmubfrso ui cunoitl mo gcs rosfstoibfcs mfeusflicgos plr cunoitl mog tcncól mog eglbugl,  prlvlbciml csî ui mosboisl oi gc voglbfmcm ospobfefbc mo eornoitcbfòi. Oi tlml bcsl, og tcncól mo

 

gls egòbugls so blitrlgc plr ui oqufgfjrfl oitro gcs euorzcs mo cmhosfòi y mo bfzcggcmurc prlvlbcmcs  plr og egufml. Oi gc sogobbfòi mog tcncól y bcrcbtorîstfbcs mo gcs jflpcrtfbugc hcy quo blisfmorcr vcrfls ecbtlros; Gc bfiætfbc fitrîisobc mog prlbosl1 gc blnpctfjfgfmcm mo usl bli ui oqufpl quo toidc uic rogcbfòi G/m rczlicjgo1 gc nfifnfzcbfòi mo gc rosfstoibfc c gc trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc oi gc ecso gfqufmc (fnplrtcito buciml gc bliboitrcbfòi mo sujstrctl os jckc).

=.:. Gobho egufmfzcmls Gls jflrrocbtlros quo lporci oi gobhl egufmfzcml ostãi oqufpcmls bli mfsplsftfvls mo blitcbtl oi gls quo ui dcs so mfsporsc oi gc zlic fieorflr mo uic blgunic vortfbcg oi gc quo so oibuoitrc ui gîqufml, quo blistftuyo gc ecso blitfiuc. Rf plr oeobtl mo gcs jurjukcs mo dcs csboimoitos l mo gc blrrfoito gfqufmc quo so mospgczc vortfbcgnoito so egufmfzci pcrtîbugcs sògfmcs, og oqufpl so moilnfic rocbtlr mo jurjukol l gobhl egufmfzcml trfeãsfbl, mopoimfoiml sljro tlml mog tcncól mo gcs pcrtîbugcs suspoimfmcs. Gc pcrto suporflr mo gls oqufpls tfoio ui mfãnotrl ncylr bli og efi mo mfsnfiufr oi osc zlic gc voglbfmcm gfiocg y csî blisodufr uic nãs oefbcz sopcrcbfòi slgfml/gfqufml/dcs. Ro hci onpgocml oqufpls oi gobhl egufmfzcml oi iunorlscs cpgfbcbflios, prlmubbfòi mo borvozc, cgblhlg blnjustfjgo, trctcnfoitl mo cducs rosfmucgos (cicorljfl y corljfl), bugtfvl mo bægugcs cifncgos oi suspoisfòi, mosugeurcbfòi mo bcrjlio. Gls oqufpls bli ncs cnpgfc fnpgcitcbfòi sli gls eonoitcmlros mo tlrro, quo hci sfml moscrrlggcmls c osbcgc blnorbfcg pcrc gc lporcbfòi bli govcmurcs eglbugcitos. Csî, og prlbosl CPU, moscrrlggcml pcrc gc prlmubbfòi mo borvozc, utfgfzc uic tlrro bfgîimrfbc vortfbcg quo so oiscibhc oi su  pcrto suporflr, oi mlimo so sftûci uics pgcbcs moegobtlrcs quo cyumci c rotoior gcs govcmurcs. _ic mo gls prljgoncs prfibfpcgos os gc gcrdc y mogfbcmc lporcbfòi mo puostc oi ncrbhc. Gls gobhls egufm egufmfzcmls fzcmls prosoitci ui ncrdoi ostrobhl mo blimfbf blimfbflios lios lporctfvcs. Csî, buciml so onpgoci pcrtîbugcs poquoócs bli moisfmcmos sfnfgcros c gcs mog egufml so roquforo uic lporcbfòi c  jckcs voglbfmcmos gfiocgos pcrc ovftcr og crrcstro ncsfvl mo jflpcrtfbugcs. Og gobhl gobhl egu egufmf fmfzcml zcml bòifbl bòifbl os ospo ospobfc bfcgno gnoito ito ûtfg ûtfg buciml buciml so lporc lporc bli nf nfbrll brllrdci rdcifsn fsnll eglbugcitos yc quo pornfto lporcr oi ui cnpgfl rcidl mo voglbfmcmos mo egukl sfi pormfmc mo jflncsc, mosmo blimfbflios mo gobhl efkl cgcs mo gobhl egufmfzcmls, pcsciml plr uic ecso mo gobhl oxpcimfml. 

Cmobucbfòi c prlbosls fihfjfmls plr prlmubtls

Mo oitro gcs slgubflios sudorfmcs so fimfbci gcs sfdufoitos;

 



Gc dolnotr dolnotrîc îc mog sfston sfstonc, c, y ospobf ospobfcgn cgnoit oitoo gc rog rogcbf cbfòi òi glidft glidftum/ um/mfã mfãnot notrl(G rl(G/m) /m),, fieguy fieguyoo

iltcjgonoito sljro og blnplrtcnfoitl mog oqufpl. 

Blisfsto oi gc mfvfsfòi mog rocbtlr oi mfeoroitos zlics nomfcito pgctls. Og ljkotfvl os

mfsnfiufr gc mfsporsfòi cxfcg c gl gcrdl mog oqufpl, nfoitrcs oi bcmc zlic so cgbcizc uic drci nozbgc. Gls oqufpls puomoi toior mfsplsfbfòi hlrfzlitcg, vortfbcg l fibgficmc. 

Zosu Zo sugt gtcc ûtfg ûtfg og bl blib ibop optl tl mo bl blio ioxf xfòi òi mo ro rocb cbtl tlro ross oi so sorf rfo, o, pu pumf mfoi oiml ml bl blit itrl rlgc gcrs rsoo

fimfvfmucgnoito gcs blimfbflios lporctfvcs oi bcmc uic mo oggcs. Jcsãimlso oi ostc fmoc so hc moscrrlggcml og eornoitcmlr oi egukl bruzcml dcs/gfqufml.

=.2. Eornoitcmlros cf cfr-gfet _i rocbtlr cfr-gfet blisfsto oi ui robfpfoito quo prosoitc mls zlics mfstfitcs, fiyobtãimlso dcs  plr uic mo oggc. Gc mfeoroito moisfmcm oi cnjcs zlics ((dcsocmc dcsocmc y il dcsocmc), blilbfmcs blnl bl nl zlics csboimoitos y zlic mosboimoito, lrfdfic gc bfrbugcbfòi mog egufml oi og rocbtlr Q BF]C]FLI Bhf86 Wg 30:?0 ^.

Ro hci prlpuostl y oiscycml uic cnpgfc vcrfomcm mo bliefdurcbflios mo oqufpls jcscmls oi osto prfibfpfl. ]lmls oggls puomoi fibgufrso oi mls tfpls jãsfbls; 3) :)

Oq Oquf ufpl plss mo ggcz czll fi fito tori ril, l, sfnf sfnfgc gcrr c uic uic bl blgu guni nicc mo jjurj urjuk ukol ol bbli li ui mo moeg egob obtl tlrr fito fitoril ril Oquf Oqufpl plss mo gcz gczll oxt oxtor oril il,, oi gls qu quoo gcs zl zlic icss csboi csboimo moit itos os y mosbo mosboim imoi oito to ostã ostãii sopcr sopcrcm cmcs cs

oitro sî, cuiquo uifmcs plr blimubtls hlrfzlitcgos oi gc zlic cgtc y oi gc jckc. Gls oqufpls mo gczl fitoril puomoi sor mog tfpl mo bfgfimrl pcrtfml l jfoi puomoi toior uic bliefdurcbfòi mo tujl csboisflicg blibæitrfbl. C su voz, tcitl og tujl csboisflicg blibæitrfbl. C su voz, tcitl og tujl csboisfli csboisflicg cg blnl og moegobtlr vortfbcg puomoi ostcr sujmfvfmf sujmfvfmfmls mls oi sobbflios sobbflios quo  pornftci cunoitcr gc blnuifbcbfòi oitro gcs zlics csboisflicg csbo isflicg y mo mosboisl. ]cnjfæi so hci prlpuostl sfstoncs bli tujls csboisflicgos nûgtfpgos. Gls rocbtlros mo gczl otoril prosoitci noils vcrfcitos, sf jfoi puomoi fiblrplrcr mfstfitls osquoncs, ospobfcgnoito oi gls sfstoncs mo blioxfòi oitro gcs zlics mo csboisl y mosboisl. Cuiquo gl ncs hcjftucg os quo gc sobbfòi mo ostls oqufpls soc bfgîimrfbc, so hci prlpuostl mfsoóls mo sobbflios bucmrcmc l robtcidugcr, quo prosoitci uics cpgfbcbflios prãbtfbcs ospobfefbc. C osbcgc blnorbfcg so hci moscrrlggcml prlbosls jcscmls oi og onpgol mo cfr-gfet, tcgos blnl  prlmubbfòi mo borvozc, vficdro y cbfml bîtrfbl, RBP, citfjfòtfbls, bugtfvls mo hlidls nfbogfcros,

 

bugtfvls mo bægugcs vodotcgos, trctcnfoitl corljfl mo cducs rosfmucgos fimustrfcgos y urjcics y, ncs robfoitonoito, og bugtfvl mo hfjrfmlncs pcrc gc prlmubbfòi mo citfbuorpls nlilbglicgos.

=.=. Gobhls eg egufmfzcmls er eroito c cf cfr-gfets Og blnplrtcnfoitl hfmrlmfiãnfbl mo gls cfr-gfet y mo gls gobhls egufmfzcmls os nuy mfeoroito. Gc prfibfpcg mfeoroibfc oitro cnjls osquoncs os quo oi gls sfstoncs cfr-gfet gc voglbfmcm mo bfrbugcbfòi mog gfqufml ostc motornfi bfrbugcbfòi motornficmc, cmc, l cg noils rogcbflicmc rogcbflicmc,, bli og bcumcg mo dcs nfoitrcs quo, oi gls gobhls egufmfzcmls, og bcumcg mo gfqufml os fimopoimfoito mog bcumcg mo dcs. Mojfml c gls ogovcm ogovcmls ls tfonpls mo rosfmoi rosfmoibfc bfc quo tîpfbcnoit tîpfbcnoitoo sli ioboscrfls on gc lporcbfòi lporcbfòi mo gls jflrrocbtlros, il os plsfjgo trctcr ogovcmls bcumcgos oi gls gobhls egufmfzcmls sfi robfrbugcr ui bcumcg sfdifefbctfvl. Rfi onjcrdl, oi gls oqufpls cfr-gfet so puomoi cgbcizcr voglbfmcmos gfiocgos rogctfvcnoito ogovcmcs ogovc mcs sfi toior quo roburrfr cg onpgol mo mfsplsftfvls mfsplsftfvls mo robfrbugcbfòi robfrbugcbfòi oxtorils. oxtorils. Plr ltrc pcrto, gc ogovcmc turjugoibfc oi gls cfr-gfet nfifnfzc og prljgonc mo gc elrncbfòi mo jlgscs mo dcs (ui  prljgonc hcjftucg oi gls oqufpls mo gobhl egufmfzcml) quo puomoi prlmubfr crrcstro mo sògfmls sò gfmls y, on doiorcg, ui ncg euibflicnfoitl mog oqufpl. Blnl rosugtcml mo tlml oggl, gls rcidls mo lporcbfòi mo gls cfr-gfet, oi bucitl c voglbfmcmos suporefbfcgos mo gfqufml y dcs, sli nãs cnpgfls. _ic voitckc mostcbcjgo mo gls cfr-gfet os quo gc nozbgc os nãs oefbcz y quo, plr oeobtl mo gcs ogovcmcs voglbfmcmos mo bfrbugcbfòi, so cgbcizci uils bloefbfoitos mo trciseoroibfc mo nctorfc nubhl ncylros.

 

?. EOZNOI]CMLZOZR MO NONJZCIC Gcs nonjrcics puomoi sor ûtfgos oi sfstonc mo eornoitcbfòi oi mfeoroitos cpgfbcbflios; rotoibfòi l finlvfgfmcm bogugcr1 sunfifstrl mo lxîdoil cg nomfl mog bugtfvl1 sopcrcbfòi mo prlmubtls.

?.3. RFR]ONC MO ZO]OIBFLI Oxfstoi mfeoroitos bliboptls c gc hlrc mo mfsoócr ui sfstonc pcrc gc rotoibfòi bogugcr oi og fitorf fitorflr lr mo ui eorno eornoitc itcmlr mlr.. Og prfn prfnor or bcsl blrros blrrosplim plimoo cg usl mo efjrcs efjrcs huobcs, huobcs, buyc mfsplsfbfòi os sfnfgcr c gc mo ui bcnjfcmlr mo bcrbcsc y tujls oi gls quo og nlmogl mo egufml, cuiquo bli bfortc nozbgc, so csfnfgc nubhl cg mo egufml oi pfstòi. Oi gls jflrrocbtlroszlic mo efjrcs huobcs gcs bægugcs so oibuoitrci ctrcpcmcs oi gc zlic mo bcrbcsc mog oqufpl nfoitrcs quo gc cgfnoitcbfòi so jlnjoc mo c trcvæs mo gc tujls, cuiquo tcnjfæi os plsfjgo gc bliefdurcbfòi blitrcrfc.Q BF]C]FLI Cta63 Wg 30:?0 ^ Gc ncylrîc mo gcs bægugcs so oibuoitrc cmhorfmojo c vcrfcs rczlios. _ic mo gcs nãs sfdifefbctfvcs os quo, cg ostor sopcrcml og jflbctcgfzcmlr mo gc blrrfoito mo prlmubtl y sujtrctl  plr nomfl mo gc jcrrorc eîsfbc, gc voglbfmcm mo mfeusfòi tcitl mog sujtrctl hcbfc og  jflbctcgfzcmlr blnl mog prlmubtl hcbfc gc blrrfoito mo egufml gfnftci gc voglbfmcm dgljcg mog  prlbosl, cpcrto mog rfosdl quo suplio gc blgnctcbfòi mo gcs efjrcs. Ilrncgnoito, gcs bægugcs so oibuoitrci cmhorfmcs c gc pcrom mo gcs efjrcs y broboi hcbfc gls ospcbfls ciugcros, prfvciml mo iutrfoitos c cquoggcs bogugcr ncs cgokcmcs, quo nuoroi, plr gl quo os ioboscrfl ogfnficr  blitfiucnoito ostcs bægugcs. Gls nfbrllrdcifsnls nfbrllrdcifsnls puomoi bliefic blieficrso rso oi og sfstonc, tcnjfæi, nomfcit nomfcitoo ui sfstonc mo rotoib rotoibfòi fòi utfgf utfgfzcim zcimll non nonjrci jrcics(e cs(efdu fdurc rc 8,32). 8,32). Csf Csf,, so hci moscrrlg moscrrlggcm gcmls ls osquonc osquoncss quo  pornftoi sopcrcr gcs govcmurcs mog bcgml mo m o eornoitcbfòi nomfcito nonjrcics sonfpornocjgo buyc oeobtl so puomo csfnfgcr c gc finlvfgfzcbfòi, porl ljvfci nubhcs mosvoitckcs mo ostc tæbifbc blnl rostrfbbflios mfeusfliocgos, pormfmc mo cbtfvfmcm, otb.

 

 

_tfgfzciml ostc fmoc

jãsfbc

moscrr mos crrlg lggc gcml ml ui osq osquon uoncc bl blil ilbf bfml ml bln blnll rl rltl tleo eorn rnoit oitcm cmlr lr (ef (efdur durcc 8.3=), 8.3=), oi og qu quoo gc nonjrcic ostc efkc c ui nòmugl quo dfrc, gl quo pornfto brocr uic turjugoibfcoi gc suporefbfo mo cquoggc. Bli oggl trctc mo nfifnfzcrso, tcitl og oisubfcnfoitl blnl gc plgcrfzcbfòi mo gc nonjrcic. Ostls oqufpls euorli onpgocmls oi mfvorsls prlbosls, oitro oggl oi eornoitcbfòi cgblhògfbc oi mlimo so cgbcizcrli uic prlmubtfvfmcmos fitoroscito y bliboitrcbflios bogugcrs bfortcnoito cgtcs, mo hcstc ?0d/g. cuiquo c osbcgc fimustrfcg osto mfsoól il hc toifml nubhl fnpcbtl, og trfcg osto mfsoól il hc toifml nubhl fnpcbtl, og bliboptl mo jflrrocbtlr mo egufml tcidoibfcg fivostfdcmlros blnpls.

hc

sfml

oxpgltcml

plr  

quo

trcjckci oi mfvorsls

 

?.:. Runfifstrl mo lxfdoil Oi lbcsflios so roquforo gldrcr uic corcbfòi nuy oefbcz pcrc og moscrrlggl mo prlbosls cgtcnoito corljfls sfi onjcrdl, puomo prosoitcrso, sfnugtãiocnoito, uic gfnftcbfòi mojfmc c gc ercdfgfmcm mo gcs bægugcs mo gls bugtfvls, blnl subomo oi gc lporcbfòi bli bogfgcs cifncgos. Ro hc prlpuostl pcrc osto bcsl og usl mo efjrcs huobcs pcrc og cplrto mo lxfdoil (l dcs oi doiorcg) cg nomfl. Gc mfsporsfòi mo gc ecso dcs so doiorc) cg nomfl. Gc mfsporsfòi mo gc ecso dcs so nfifnfzc cg mcól sljro og nfbrllrdcifsnl. Oi gc efdurc 8.3? so nuostrc ui osquonc onpgocml pcrc gc prlmubbfòi mo citfbuorpl nlilbglicgos, blitrlgciml gc prosfòi pcrbfcg mo lxîdoil. _i puitl brîtfbl mo ostls sfstoncs os quo og nòmugl mo nonjrcics mojo sor  ostorf ost orfgf gfzc zcjg jgoo cg vc vcplr plr.. Mosce Moscelrt lrtuic uicmc mcno noit ito, o, gc gcss nonj nonjrci rcics cs quo pr proso osoit itci ci nokl noklros ros  prlpfomcmos oi rogcbfl cg bcumcg quo pornfto trctcr y cg oisubfcnfoitl, suogoi prosoitcr uic noilr ostcjfgfmcm tærnfbc y vfbovorsc.

 

5.Ropcrcbfòi mowg prlmubtl ‗fi sftu„ _ic ostrctodfc mfeoroito pcrc cunoitcr gc prlmubtfvfmcm mo gls oqufpls oi gls quo so ggovc c bcjl ui prlbosl fihfjfml plr prlmubtl blisfstoi oi prlnlvor gc ogfnficbfòi mog prlmubtl cg tfonpl quo so ostc prlmubfoiml. Pcrc oggls so puomoi provor mfstfitcs bliefdurcbflios.

5.3. Jfrrocbtlr l vcbfl l bli strfppfid Og cblpgcnfoitl jflrrocbtlr-mostfgcbfli c vcbfl yc so osjlzò c blnfoizl mo gc mæbcmc mo gls bfoibuoitc c blnfoizl mo gc mæbcmc mo gls bfibuoitc, sf jfoi gcs oxporcbfli mo gls  prlbosls vcbueorn y egcsheorn pcrc gc prlmubbfòi mo otcilg. Gcs prfibfpcgos gfnftcbflios lporcbflicgos lporcbf licgos mo osto sfstonc sfstonc blisf blisfstoi stoi oi gc cbunugcb cbunugcbfòi fòi mo poquoócs poquoócs bcitfmcmos bcitfmcmos mo ostls ostls blnpuostls so puomo scidrcr og jflrrocbtlr, gl quo oggls hcy quo blisfmorcr quo gc blnprosfòi mog jflrrocbtlr jflrrocbtlr hcstc gc ctnlse ctnlseærfbc, ærfbc, suplio ui blstl oior oiordætfb dætfbll cmbflicg Q BF]C]FLI Bhf86 Wg 30:?0 ^.

Ro hc prlpuostl oerobtucr gc moslrbfòi (stfp-pfid) mog otcilg prlmubfml, gldrciml csf su ogfnfi ogfnficbf cbfòi òi oi blitfiu blitfiul,p l,plr lr fiyobb fiyobbfòi fòi mog BL: prlm prlmubf ubfml ml ctr ctrcvos cvos mog eoonoitcm eoonoitcmlr. lr. Rfi onjcrdl gls blstos oiordætfbls rosugtcitos mo blnprfnfr og dcs hcstc prosfòi nlilnotrfbc mo uils 40 APc rosuótc sor mog nfsnl lrmoi quo gls ioboscrfl oi oqufpls mo mostfgcbfòi. Oi uic vcrfcitoo so prlplio oeobt vcrfcit oeobtucr ucr gc moslrbf moslrbfòi òi oi uic blgunic mo roggoil blglbcmc oi sorfo bli og oqufpl robfrbugciml cg eornoitcmlr og sujstrctl il blivortfml

 

5.:. Eornoitcmlr oxtrcbtfvc Ro hc prlpuostl tcnjfæi gc oxtrcbbfòi bli mfslgvoitos blnl uic cgtorictfvc pcrc gc ogfnficbfòi oi blitfiul mo ui prlmubtl .gc sogobbfòi mo mfslgvoitros os blnpgokc mcml quo, cmonccs mo gcs prlpfomcmos hcjftucgnoito roquorfmcs pcrc ui mfslgvoito oi filbufmcm pcrc gcs bægugcs l oizfncs. Erobuoitonoito gls mfslgvoitos quo bunpgoi bli ostc blimfbfòi prosoitci  jckls bloefbfoitos mo ropcrtl, plr gl quo gls rosugtcmls sli gfnftcmls, blnl gc blfinlvf fin lvfgfz gfzcbf cbfli li fib fiblibf libfil il mo gcs bægu bægugcs gcs mog mfslgvoit mfslgvoitoo plr nomfl nomfl mo ui cgdfic cgdfictl tl mo gcs govcmurcs y ui cmslrjoito l gc sopcrc mo gcs govcmurcs.

5.2. Ropcrcbfòi nomfcito nonjrcics _i bliboptl mo robfoito cpgfbcbfòi pcrc gc sopcrcbfòi mo ui prlmubtl rogctfvcnoito vlgãtfg mog nomfl mo bugtfvl os gc porvcplrcbfli.gc sopcrcbfòi oeobtûc mojfml c gc sopcrcbfòi mo voglbfmcmos voglbfmcmos mo pornfsfòi mo gls blnplioi blnplioitos tos ctrcvos mo uic nonjrcic sonfporifcjg sonfporifcjgo, o, ncitoifæimls ncito ifæimlsoo ui vcsfl oi gc zlic mog pornfctl quo ecbfg ecbfgftc ftc gc ovcplrcbfòi ovcplrcbfòi mog blnpuostl blnpuostl nãs vlgãtfg

4. EL]LJFLZZOCB]LZ  4.3. Pcrãnotrls mo prlboscnfoitl c tlncr oi buoitc oi og mfsoól mo eltljflrrocbtlros C poscr mog moscrrlggl mo mfeoroitos eltljflrrocbtlros, plbls utfgfzci oeobtfvcnoito gc guz slgcr blnl oiordîc pcrc og bugtfvl nfbrljfcil. _i prljgonc erobuoito oi mfsoól mo eltljflrrocbtlros os gc  prlvfsfòi òptfnc mo oiordîc slgcr cg cfro gfjro, quo tlmcs gcs bægugcs toidci gc nfsnc oxplsfbfòi mo guz, sunfifstrcr uic rogcbfòi ãroc suporefbfcg/vlgunoi (R/U) drcimo, quo lbupo noils ospcbfl torrostro, rãpfmc trciseoroibfc mo ncsc y quo gldro uic ncylr prlmubtfvfmcm (Kcissoi ot cg., :000).

4.3.3. Runfifstrl mo guz Oi sfstoncs cjfortls l borrcmls mo bugtfvl mo bfciljcbtorfcs, gc euoito mo guz y gc fitoisfmcm mo oiordîc sli ecbtlros quo ceobtci su moscrrlggl y brobfnfoitl. Oi bugtfvls mo sfstoncs cjfortls, gc guz slgcr os gc prfibfpcg euoito mo oiordîc1 nfoitrcs quo pcrc sfstoncs mo bugtfvl borrcmls hcy mfeoroitos euoitos gunfilscs c utfgfzcr blnl; Gãnpcrcs mo tuidstoil l hcgòdoil, mflmls onfslros mo guz (GOM), gãnpcrcs egulrosboitos, efjrc òptfbc y gãsor. Ostls sfstoncs mo oiordîc oibcroboi og mfsoól mog eltljflrrocbtlr (Kcissoi ot cg., :000). Gc fitoisfmcm mo guz puomo ceobtcrso plr ecbtlros blnl; Mfstcibfc oitro gc oiordîc gunîifbc y og eltljflrrocbtlr, dolnotrîc mog eltljflrrocbtlr, glidftum mo limc, cunoitl mo

 

bliboitrcbfòi bogugcr, elrncbfòi mo jflpogîbugcs oi gcs pcromos y elrncbfòi mo prlmubtls,  prlvlbciml mojfml c oeobtl mo slnjrocml gc elrncbfòi mo mls zli zlics cs (lsburc o fgunficmc). Oi gc zlic fgunficmc, gcs bægugcs sli oxpuostcs c gc guz ioboscrfc pcrc prlmubfr eltlsîitosfs1 oi gc zlic lsburc gcs bægugcs robfjoi plbc l bcsf icmc mo guz pcrc su notcjlgfsnl (Kcissoi ot cg., :000). _ic elrnc mo romubfr og oeobtl pgcitocml crrfjc sorîc cblrtcr gc mfstcibfc mo fibfmoibfc mo guz, sfi onjcrdl, ostl il so gldrcrîc bli gubos blivoibflicgos yc quo og blitcbtl borbcil bli gcs pcromos mog eltljflrrocbtlr doiorcrã bcglr og bucg mcócrîc og bugtfvl. Plr ostl, gcs fivostfdcbflios oi gc cbtucgfmcm so boitrci oi og usl mo oiordîc gunîifbc quo il doioro bcglr, porl ostls sfstoncs tfoimoi c ogovcr gls blstls. Nogifbaf ot cg. (:032) mfsoócrli ui eltljflrrocbtlr bli ckustos mo guz tfpl GOM cutlnãtfbc utfgfzciml ui blitrlg blnputcrfzcml mo rotrlcgfnoitcbfòi, noklrciml gls sfstoncs mo bugtfvls mo bfciljcbtorfcs, cgbciz cgb cizciml ciml iuo iuovcs vcs bcp bcpcbf cbfmcm mcmos os pcrc gc fiv fivost ostfdc fdcbfò bfòii efs efsflg flgòdf òdfbc bc y jflgld jflgldîc îc mo sfs sfston toncs. cs. ]cnjurfb ot cg. (:033) mfsoócrli ui eltljflrrocbtlr mo suporefbfo pgcic (egct pgcto) bli fgunficbfòi jgcibc erîc, prlplrbflicmc plr ui pciog mo mflmls onfslros mo guz quo prosoitò cg cgtc tc oefb oefbfo foibf ibfcc eltlqu eltlquîn înfb fbc. c. Plr Plr su pc pcrt rto, o, Ropûg Ropûgvom vomcc (:033) (:033) pr prlpu lpusl sl tr tros os sf sfst ston oncs cs mo fgunficbfòi pcrc eltljflrrocbtlros mo blgunic mo jurjukol; f) Gãnpcrc egulrosboito quo frrcmfcjc sljro og eltljflrrocbtlr mosmo ui slgl puitl, ff) ]frc blnorbfcg egoxfjgo mo GOMR blglb blg lbcmc cmc oi elr elrnc nc mo os ospf pfrc rcgg rlmoc rlmociml iml gc pc pcrt rtoo oxtori oxtoricc mo mogg eltljf eltljflrr lrroc ocbt btlr lr y ff fff) f) ]f ]frc rc blnorbfcg egoxfjgo mo GOMR blglbcmc oi elrnc mo ospfrcg rlmociml gc pcrom fitoric mo ui tujl huobl trcispcroito blglbcml oi og fitorflr mog eltlrrocbtlr. Gc jflncsc doiorcmc bli gc bliefdurcbfòi mo fgunficbfòi mo gc tfrc mo GOMR oxtoric euo mo 33: nfgglios mo bægugcs nG-3, cprlxfncmcnoito og mljgo mo gc jflncsc doiorcmc bli gls ltrls mls sfstoncs utfgfzcmls ostl mojfmll c gc nc mojfm ncyl ylrr tr trcy cyob obtl tlrf rfcc mo elt eltli lios os moi moitr trll mog eltljf eltljflrr lrroc ocbt btlr lr.. Rf Rfii onjc onjcrdl rdl,, gc gcss fivostfdcbfl fivost fdcbflios ios so oibcnf oibcnfici ici c gldrcr ui sfstonc oeobtfvl, obliònfb obliònfbll y sustoit sustoitcjgo cjgo oi dcstl oiordætfbl. Gc rcmfcbfòi gunîifbc oi quo gcs bfciljcbtorfcs sli bcpcbos mo rocgfzcr eltlsîitosfs y brobfnfoitl bogugcr ostã oitro =00 y 400 in, bli uic fgunficibfc òptfnc mo 33 agux (KcbljGlpo Gl poss ot cg cg., ., :0 :008 08). ). Rf gc bcit bcitffmc mcmm mo guz fr frrc rcmf mfcm cmcc os fis isue ueffbf bfoi oito to,, mf mfsn snfi fiuf ufrã rã blisfmorcjgonoito gc voglbfmcm mo brobfnfoitl mog nfbrllrdcifsnl1 porl sf hcy oxplsfbfòi oxbo oxbosf sfvc vc bl blii cg cgtc tc fi fito tois isfm fmcm cm pl plrr gc gcrd rdls ls po porf rflm lmls ls mo gu guzz oi og nomf nomfll so pr prlm lmub ubfr frãã eltlfihfjfbfòi, eoiònoil mlimo gls eltlsfstoncs mog nfbrllrdcifsnl so mcóci o ficbtfvci  prlbosls mo trcisplrto bogugcr.

 

Pcrc ovftcr mcól oi gls sfstoncs eltlsfitætfbls plr oxbosl mo guz frrcmfcmc, so mfsoóci sfstoncs quo mfstrfjuyci guz oi ncylr suporefbfo (]lrzfggl ot cg., :002). Ostl hcbo quo gc dolnotrîc mog rocbtlr romuzbc gc ctoiucbfòi mo guz oi og bugtfvl. Eoriãimoz ot cg. (:003) ostumfcrli og oeobtl mo dolnotrîc pgcic y bfrbugcr oi rogcbfòi c gc poiotrcbfòi mo guz oi bugtfvls bli bliboitrcbflios sfnfgcros mo nfbrlcgdcs, ovfmoibfciml quo gc dolnotrîc bfrbugcr   pornfto noklr poiotrcbfòi mo guz quo gc dolnotrîc pgcic prlplrbfliciml ncylr ercbbfòi mo vlgunoi mog rocbtlr pcrc robfjfr fgunficbfòi, sfi onjcrdl, gc dolnotrîc pgcic cyumc oi uic mfstrfjubfòi uifelrno mo guz. Bli horrcnfoitcs mo jflgldîc nlgobugcr, so puomo mfsnfiufr og tcncól mo gcs citoics eltlsf elt lsfit itæt ætfb fbcs cs bogug bogugcro cross ro romub mubfo foiml iml gc cj cjslr slrbf bfòi òi mo gu guzz mc mciml iml nc ncyl ylros ros ro roimf imfnf nfoi oitl tlss eltlsfitætfbls (Awli ot cg., :032). Og eltlporflml cg quo so slnoto og bugtfvl tcnjfæi os fnplrtcito oi og mfsoól mog prlbosl yc quo gc eltlsîitosfs bliggovc rocbbflios mo guz y lsburf lsb urfmcm mcm.. Gc mu murcb rcbfò fòii mo bf bfbg bgls ls gu guz/ z/lsb lsburf urfmc mcmm sl slii motorn motornfi ficit citos os oi og mo moscr scrrl rlgg ggll mo eltljflrrocbtlros pcrc sor blisfmorcml oi gc prlmubbfòi mo jflncsc y oi gc cjslrbfòi mog BL:. Kcblj-Glpos Kcblj-Glpos ot cg. (:006) nlstrcrli nlstrcrli uic romubbfòi romubbfòi gfiocg ovfmoito oi gc prlmubbfòi mo  jflncsc y oi gc efkcbfòi mo BL: oi nfbrlcgdcs bli mfsnfiubfòi mo gc murcbfòi mog porflml mo guz, oxboptuciml og bfbgl 3:;3: (ilbho;mîc). Oggls ljtuvforli romubbflios mo 66.56% oi tcscs mo efkcbfòi mo bcrjlil oi blnpcrcbfòi bli bugtfvls jckl fgunficbfòi blitfiuc.

4.3.:. Prlvfsfòi y trciseoroibfc mo ncsc mo BL: Gc euoito mo bcrjlil usucg pcrc og bugtfvl eltlsfitætfbl mo bfciljcbtorfcs os og dcs BL: l su elrnc mfsuogtc jfbcrjlictl (HBL2-) mfeuimfml oi og nomfl mo bugtfvl. Cui buciml og nomfl mo bugtfvl ostæ jfoi nozbgcml, gc sfnpgo mfeusfòi mog BL: mog cfro oi og cduc il os suefbfoito pcrc roonpgczcr og blisunfml plr gls nfbrllrdcifsnls. Og BL: os doiorcgnoito fitrlmubfml cg eltljflrrocbtlr plr fiyobbfòi blitfiuc l fitornftoito oi gc pcrto fieorflr mog robfp rob fpfo foit ito, o, og sun sunfi fifs fstr trll mo BL: oi cg cgdui duics cs bf bfcil ciljc jcbt btorf orfcs cs prlmu prlmubo bo ui fi fibr bron onoi oitl tl mo  jflncsc, sfi onjcrdl, c su voz mopoimo mo nubhls pcrãnotrls quo fibguyoi gc goitc voglb vog lbfm fmcm cm mo mf mfeus eusfò fòii mo mogg BL: oi og no nomf mfll gî gîqu qufm fml, l, pH, pH, tu turju rjugo goibf ibfc, c, to tonp nporc orctu turcs rcs y moisfmcmos bogugcros (Kcfswcg y Acshycp, :00:). Ro hci mosbrftl bopcs mo bfciljcbtorfcs bli ogovcmls roquorfnfoitls mo BL: oqufvcgoitos cg 28% oi Rpfrug Rpfrugfic fic sp. (mo Nlrcfs y Blstc, :004). Ostcs bopcs hci sfml blnpcrcmcs bli vcrfomcmos sfgvostros bcpcbos mo brobor c ui jckl ifvog mo BL: mo 0.02% prosoito oi og cfro (Zof (Zofih ihlg lgmm ot cg ..,, 3663). 3663). Nubhls Nubhls mfsoóls mfsoóls mo eltljf eltljflrro lrrocbt cbtlros lros oi bcnpl bcnpl cjf cjfort ortl, l, ostãi ostãi cmlptci cmlp tciml ml og sun sunfif fifstrl strl oxtori oxtorill mo BL: pcr pcrcc noklrcr noklrcr og bugtfv bugtfvll yc quo cgduils cgduils cutlros cutlros

 

roegokci quo osls ifvogos (0.02%) mo BL: il sli suefbfoitos pcrc doiorcr cgtc prlmubtfvfmcm mo jflncsc (Plstoi y Rbhcuj, :006). Gls gînftos nãxfnls y nîifnls mo BL: ioboscrfls il ostãi jfoi moefifmls porl oi gc  prãbtfbc so uusc sc bl blnûinoito nûinoito cfrocbfòi bli ?-3?% mmoo BL:, cuiquo ostl vcrîc vcr îc oi rogcbfòi c gc bopc nfbrljfci nfbrljfcicc (Kcfsw (Kcfswcg cg y Acshycp, Acshycp, :00:). Og sunfif sunfifstr strll blitfiu blitfiull mo BL: os gc nciorc nciorc fmòioc mo nci fmòioc ncitoi toior or og bugtfv bugtfvl, l, sfi onjcrdl onjcrdl og BL: bln blnorbf orbfcg cg os blstlsl, blstlsl, uic nciorc nciorc mo blitrcrrostcr ostl os uscr BL: mo mosobhl fimustrfcg, l og onpgol mo jfldãs c pcrtfr mog usl mo nfbrllrdcifsnls quo doioroi mfdostfòi cicorljfc mo rosfmuls cdrlfimustrfcgos, og usl mo BL: doiorcml oi gc eornoi eornoitcbfò tcbfòii mog vfil (Prlyobtl moscrrlggc moscrrlggcml ml plr gc onprosc Coli Jfldrlup, Jfldrlup, Bctcpfgbl, Bhfgo) l og mfsoól mo eltljflrrocbtlros bli sfstoncs mo csporsfòi y nozbgcml quo  pornftc quo gcs jurjukcs mo dcs so rotoidci og tfonpl suefbfoito pcrc sor cjslrjfml oi og nomfl gîqufml, porl og dcs oi jurjukcs nuy efics, mojfml c su gcrdl tfonpl mo rosfmoibfc oi og egufml, cgbcizcrã og oqufgfjrfl bli og gîqufml y plr gl tcitl blitrfjufrã plbl c gc trciseoroibfc mo ncsc (Ncralu y Dolrdcacafs, :033). Oitro gls sfston sfstoncs cs nãs blnûinoito utfgfzcmls utfgfzcmls so oibuoitrci oibuoitrci gc cgfnoitcbf cgfnoitcbfòi òi mfrobt mfrobtcc mog dcs oi blgunics mo jurjukol l rocbtlros cfrgfet (Bhoi ot cg., :033). Gc trciseoroibfc trciseoroibfc mo ncsc dcs-gîqufml oi eltljflrrocbtlros borrcmls hc sfml mfrobbflicmc sfdufoiml moscrrlggls sfnfgcros  pcrc bugtfvl cjfortl tfpl rcbowcy (Nlgfic ot cg ..,, 3666). 3666). Og bloefb bloefbfoit foitoo vlgunæ vlgunætrf trfbl bl mo trciseoroibfc mo ncsc (AGc) os uic mo gcs bcrcbtorîstfbcs quo motornfic gc bcpcbfmcm mog rocbtlr pcrc slstoior og brobfnfoitl bogugcr òptfnl. Og blnplrtcnfoitl mo AGc y gc voglbfmcm mo brobfnfoitl brobfnfoitl bogug bogugcr cr vcrîci oi mfeoroitos mfeoroitos zlics mog egukl mo gîquf gîqufml. ml. Ostcs zlics mo egukl mo gîqufml oi eltljflrrocbtlros puomoi mfvfmfrso oi zlic mo egukl mo jurjukcs, y zlic mo trcisfbfòi hotorldæioc y mopoimorã mo gc voglbfmcm mog dcs. Oi gc zlic mo egukl mo jurjukc, gc bcpcbfmcm bcpcbf mcm mo rotoib rotoibfòi fòi mog dcs, og ãroc fitorecbfcg fitorecbfcg y gc AGc sli prlplrbflicgos prlplrbflicgos c gc voglbfmcm voglbfmcm suporefbfcg mog dcs. Cuiquo gc mfsnfiubfòi oi og ãroc fitorecbfcg blnfoizc bli og nlvfnfoitl quo vc mosmo gc zlic mo trcisfbfòi c gc zlic hotorldæioc, sfi onjcrdl, gc bcpcbfmcm mo rotoibfòi mog dcs y AGc cgbcizci gc ostcjfgfmcm. Bfortls tfpls mo nozbgcml, bli rogcbfòi c gc toisfòi mo bfzcggcnfoitl, puomo sor gc rczòi mo gc bcîmc oi gc tcsc mo brobfnfoitl ospobîefbc. Cmonãs, og AGc cunoitc moitrl mo ui rcidl mo tcncól mo jurjukc oi blgunics blgunics mo jurjukol jurjukol y rocbtl rocbtlros ros cfr cfrgfe gfet. t. Jurjuk Jurjukcs cs poqu poquoóc oócss (7: nn mfã mfãnot notrl) rl) bcu bcusci sci nãs mcól mcól bog bogugc ugcrr quo  jurjukcs ncylros (~30 nn mfãnotrl) (Bhfstf y Kcuroduf-Hczc, :00:). Plr tcitl, gc nozbgc, og tcncól mo gc jurjukc, gc voglbfmcm suporefbfcg mog dcs y gc prosfòi mo BL: mojoi ckustcrso c gls roquorfnfoitls mo bcmc tfpl ospobîefbl.

 

Plr ltrc pcrto, oi blimfbflios mo cgtc tonporcturc, gcs pærmfmcs plr eltlrrospfrcbfòi cunoitci sustcibfcgnoito. Ostl lburro yc quo, c cgtcs tonporcturcs (=0° B oi cmogcito), gc slgujfgfmcm slgujf gfmcm mog BL: mfsnfiuyo mfsnfiuyo mrãstfbcnoito, mrãstfbcnoito, rosugtciml oi uic noilr mfsplifjfgf mfsplifjfgfmcm mcm mog BL: rospobtl mog L: oi og sftfl cbtfvl mo gc oizfnc. Csî, blimfbflios mo bugtfvl bli rcidl mo tonp tonpor orct ctur urcc oi oitr troo 20 20-2 -2?° ?° B y 3? 3?-: -:0% 0% mo BL:, BL:, ec ecvl vlro robo bo og br brob obfn fnfo foit itll bo bogu gugc gcrr mo Cphcilthobo nfbrlsblpfbc Iídogf cslbfcml bli gc efkcbfòi mo bcrjlil (Kcblj-Glpos ot cg ..,, :008).

4.3.2. Cbunugcbfòi mo lxîdoil Og lxîdoil os ui prlmubtl mo gc eltlsîitosfs, buciml quomc ctrcpcml oi og nomfl mo bugtfvl bcusc ui oeobtl tòxfbl romubfoiml gc oefbfoibfc eltlsfitætfbc, doiorciml fihfjfbfòi mog brobfnfoitl fibgusl c bliboitrcbflios cgtcs mo BL:. Plr ostl, so iobosftc ui sfstonc oefbcz mo mosdcsfefbcbfòi pcrc ronlvor og lxîdoil elrncml. Gc cbunugcbfòi mo lxîdoil os ui sorfl  prljgonc oi eltljflrrocbtlros quo tfoioi ui pljro fitorbcnjfl mo dcs blnl gls sfstoncs tujugcros mfspuostl mo elrnc hlrfzlitcg. Og prljgonc mo cbunugcbfòi mo lxîdoil cunoitc buciml ui eltljflrrocbtlr tujugcr  hogfblfmcg suero osbcgcnfoitl oi og sfstonc mo fgunficbfòi. Plr gl tcitl, os ioboscrfl toior uic uifmcm uif mcm sopc sopcrcmc rcmc mo mosdcsf mosdcsfefb efbcbf cbfòi, òi, oi nubhcs nubhcs lplrtui lplrtuifmc fmcmos mos ostc ostc uifmcm uifmcm puomo puomo ostcr  ostcr  cblpgcmll bli og sfstonc mo fiyobbfòi cfrgfet (Rlgot cblpgcm (Rlgottl tl ot cg .,., :008), yc quo gc fiyobbfòi mo dcs mosmo mos mo og el eliml iml mo mogg eltlj eltljfl flrro rrocb cbtl tlrr ec ecvlr vlrob oboo og nozb nozbgc gcml, ml, su sunf nfif ifst strc rc su suef efbf bfoi oito to BL: y mopoimfoiml mo gc cgturc mog eltljflrrocbtlr, so gldrc uic oefbfoito ronlbfòi mo lxîdoil mfsuogtl oi og nomfl. Gc ronlbfòi mo oxbosl mo lxîdoil os ui prljgonc mo trciseoroibfc mo ncsc pcrobfml cg mo sunfifstrl mo BL:, gcs prfibfpcgos elrncs mo blitrlgcr osto eoiònoil sli; Mfsnfiufr gc prosfòi mo lxîdoil, ncylr cdftcbfòi y cgtcs tonporcturcs. _ic slgubfòi cg  prljgonc os ccunoitcr unoitcr gc turjugoibfc mog nomfl. Plr os ostl, tl, eltljflrrocbtlros eltljflrroc btlros mo tciquo cdftcml y vortfbcg, sorîci nãs blivoifoitos. Bli og cunoitl oi gc voglbfmcm mog gîqufml, quo mopoimo mo gc oitr oitrcm cmcc mog dc dcs, s, gc blibo bliboit itrc rcbf bfòi òi mo lx lxîd îdoi oill mf mfsuo suogt gtll mf mfsn snfi fiuy uyo, o, nokl noklrci rciml ml gc  prlmubbfòi mo jflncsc cuiquo, nubhc voglbfmcm plmrîc lbcsflicr mcól y nuorto bogugcr  (Jcrjlsc ot cg .,., :002).

4.3.=. Nozbgc _ic voz quo oi og eltljflrrocbtlr so cgbciboi gcs prlplrbflios cmobucmcs mog nomfl mo bugtfvl y gls pcrãnotrls efsfblquînfbls roquorfmls, og sfstonc mo nozbgcml ggodc c blivortfrso oi ui puitl euimcnoitcg. Og nozbgcml mojo pornftfr blimfbflios hlnldæiocs, ecvlrobor gc trciseoroibfc mo iutrfoitos, mfsporsfòi uifelrno mo bfciljcbtorfcs oitro gcs zlics lsburcs o

 

fgunficmcs, trciseoroibfc mo oiordîc, rlnpor drcmfoitos mo mfeusfòi oi gc suporefbfo bogugcr, rotfrcr og lxîdoil eltlsfitætfbl doiorcml, ovftcr ostrctfefbcbfòi tærnfbc yc quo puomo oxfstfr  cnpgftum tærnfbc oitro eliml y suporefbfo mog eltljflrrocbtlr mo hcstc 8° B (Bcrvcghl ot cg ..,, :005). _i juoi nozbgcml puomo cunoitcr gc prlmubtfvfmcm hcstc =0% oi ui eltljflrrocbtlr  tujugcr (_dwu ot cg .,., :00:). ]æ ]æbi bifb fbcs cs cb cbtu tucg cgos os mo no nozb zbgc gc sl slii do doio iorc rcgn gnoi oito to fi fisu suef efbf bfoi oito toss pc pcrc rc gl gldr drcr cr gl glss roquorfnfoitls noibflicmls, yc quo gc turjugoibfc doiorcmc os cg czcr os mobfr, il tlmcs gcs bægugcs so nozbgci uifelrnonoito oitrciml y scgfoiml mo gcs zlics lsburcs o fgunficmcs.

 

Ef Efdu durc rc 3. Os Osqu quon oncc ro ropr pros osoi oitc tctf tfvl vl mo mfeo mfeoro roit itos os bliefdurcb blief durcbflios flios mo eltl eltljflr jflrrocbt rocbtlros. lros. Rfsto Rfstonc nc cfrgf cfrgfet et (C), blguni blg unicc mo jur jurju jukol kol (J) (J),, tuj tujugc ugcrr hlr hlrfzl fzlitc itcgg (B) (B),, tuj tujugc ugcr  r  hogfblfmcg (M), suporefbfo pgcic (egct pgcto) (O), tciquo cdftcml (E), tfpl hfjrfml (D). Nlmfefbcml mo Bcrvcghl ot cg . (:005)

Nozbgcs ficmobucmcs prlnuovoi elrncbfòi mo cdglnorcmls bogugcros quo mfsnfiuyoi gc voglbf vog lbfmcm mcm mo trc trciseo iseoroib roibfc fc mo ncs ncscc bln blnprln prlnotf otfoiml oiml gc vfcjfg vfcjfgfmc fmcmm bogugc bogugcr. r. Plr ostl, ostl, og blitfiul blitfi ul nlvfnfoit nlvfnfoitll bogug bogugcr cr dcrcit dcrcitfzc fzc cgtcs prlmubb prlmubbflios flios mo jflncsc jflncsc (Rctl ot cg .,., :030). Oitro gls sfstoncs mo nozbgc toionls gc jlnjc, cdftcbfòi nobãifbc y nozbgc mo dcsos quo trcjckci slgls l oi blnjficbfòi. Og sfstonc mo jlnjc, elrnc uic blrrfoito mo robfrbugcbfòi quo tfoimo c mcócr gc bægugc. Og sfstonc mo nozbgc mo dcsos blnl og onpgocml oi blgunic mo  jurjukol, bcusc noils mcóls quo gls mog sfstonc citorflr. Oi æsto so ljsorvc og sfstonc cfrgfet, cquî gc nozbgc so cgbcizc plr egukl mo egufmls plr jurjukol mo cfro moitrl mo ui tujl boitrcg mo sujfmc, quo guodl so mfstrfjuyo jckciml plr gc pcrto oxtorflr mog tujl boitrcg, brociml uic bfrbugcbfòi icturcg (Efdurc 3C) (Bhfstf y Kcuroduf-Hczc, :00:). Cuiquo osto sfstonc pcrobo bcuscr noils mcól bogugcr, il ostã gfjro mo ostræs plr  bfzcggcnfoitl, mcóls bogugcros plr oeobtl hfmrlmfiãnfbl so roplrtcrli oi eltljflrrocbtlros mo blgunics mo jurjukol y cfrgfet (Pruvlst ot cg .,., :0051 Zoyic-Uogcrmo ot cg .,., :030). Gc cdftcbfòi nobãifbc mlimo ui tujl boitrcg bli mls l nãs hlkfggcs bli cbbfòi cg eliml mog rocbtlr, os erobuoito oi rocbtlros mo ui slgl vcsl. Jusbciml nætlmls noils mcófils c gcs bægugcs, oxfstoi sfstoncs hîjrfmls mlimo so hcbo pcscr uic blrrfoito mo cfro oirfquobfmc bli BL: c trcvæs mo ui tujl boitrcg moitrl mo gcs bubhfggcs l cspcs mog cdftcmlr nobãifbl mlimo og egukl oitrc plr nomfl mo poquoóls bcpfgcros (Rfidh y Rhcrnc, :03:).

4.:. Provfsflios doiorcgos pcrc osbcgcnfoitl Nlgfic ot cg . (3666) sudforoi quo cg osbcgcr ui eltljflrrocbtlr tujugcr, og mfãnotrl mo gc blgunic il soc ncylr c 0.3 n y glidftum blitfiuc mo 80 n bli egukl mo voglbfmcm mo 0.2-0.? n s-3. Plr su  pcrto Rãibhoz ot cg . (:000) fimfbci pcrc ui eltljflrrocbtlr tujugcr vortfbcg ui mfãnotrl mo tujl il ncylr c 0.: n pcrc quo gc mfsplifjfgfmcm mo guz il so voc romubfmc. Rfi onjcrdl, ostls mfãnotrls  puomoi cunoitcrso sf og rocbtlr os mfsoócml bli ui sfstonc mo fgunficbfòi fitoric. Gcs mfefbugtcmos oi og osbcgcnfoitl surdoi yc quo gls vlgûnoios mo gcs zlics fgunficmcs y lsburcs bcnjfci c nomfmc quo cunoitc og mfãnotrl mog tujl. Os cmobucml og usl mo jcsos y tcpcs oi cborl filxfmcjgo yc quo cmonãs mo rosfstfr tonporcturcs mo ostorfgfzcbfòi, ostorfgfzcbfòi, so puomo efkcr ui fitorbcnjfc fitorbcnjfcmlr mlr mo bcglr nomfcito nomfcito uic bhcquotc tærnfbc Rãibhoz ot cg . (:000). Gc tcpc suporflr mojo pornftfr gc oitrcmc mo mfsplsftfvls quo nfmci pH y lxîdoil

 

mfsuogtl, mcr scgfmc mo dcsos y oi gc jcso ostcrã gc oitrcmc mo dcsos y scgfmc mo gîqufml. Ostls mfsplsftfvls mo oitrcmc y scgfmc mo dcsos, mojoi cblnpcócrso mo efgtrls mo nonjrcic pcrc dcrcitfzcr  gc ostorfgfmcm. Cg cunoitcr gc prlplrbfòi suporefbfo fgunficmc y vlgunoi oi og eltljflrrocbtlr (R/U), ncylr os gc bliboitrcbfòi bogugcr oi og bugtfvl1 pcrc fibronoitcr gc prlmubtfvfmcm vlgunætrfbc sfi cunoitcr gc fitoisfmcm mo guz oi suporefbfo, so cblrtc og bcnfil mo guz mfsnfiuyoiml og mfãnotrl mo gc blgunic, sf jfoi ostl prlvlbc fiblivoifoitos yc quo gc euorzc nltrfz ioboscrfc pcrc ncitoior gc turjugoibfc os fivorscnoito prlplrbflicg cg mfãnotrl mog tujl onpgocml (Bhfif ot cg .,., 3666).

4.2. Ltrls ecbtlros Blitrlgcr og pH, oi bfortls gînftos, so mfefbugtc yc quo æsto so fibronoitc blitfiucnoito mojfml cg blisunl mo bcrjlil oi gc eltlsîitosf eltlsîitosfs. s. Og pH ceobtc gc plgcrfmcm mo gls blnpuostls mog nomfl mo bugtfvl csî blnl gc mfsplifjfgfmcm mo iutrfoitos, BL:, hforrl y ãbfmls lrdãifbls1 puomo lburrfr   probfpftcbfòi quînfbc mo scgos quo blitfoioi BL2-:, LH- y PL=-2 ggovciml cg motorflrl mog nomfl y  plsfjgo mcól bogugcr. Oxfsto ui blisoisl doiorcg cborbc mo gc proeoroibfc mo bfciljcbtorfcs pcrc og BL: (blnl euoi euoito to mo bcrjlil bcrjlil filrdãifb filrdãifbl), l), yc quo so blitrlg blitrlgcc eãbfgno eãbfgnoito ito y prlmubo prlmubo bcnjfls bcnjfls noilros mo pH (Kcblj-Glpos ot cg .,., :008).

4.=. ]fpls mo eltljflrrocbtlros Pcrc quo og bugtfvl mo bfciljcbtorfcs soc oefbfoito os ioboscrfl mfsoócr eltljflrrocbtlros quo trcisnftci trcisn ftci gc ncylr bcitfmcm plsfjgo mo guz, ostl fnpgfbc fnpgfbc cgtc rogcbfòi rogcbfòi suporefbfo/vl suporefbfo/vlgunoi gunoi (R/U) mog rocbtlr. Mo ostc elrnc, gc oefbfoibfc mo ui eltljflrrocbtlr os motornficmc oi jcso c gc bcptcbfòi, trci trcisp splr lrto to,, mf mfst strf rfju jubf bfòi òi y us usll mo gc gu guzz ([ ([fk fkee eeor orss ot cg ..,, :008). :008). Ro hc hcii mf mfsoó soócm cmll mf mfeor eoroi oito toss eltljflrrocbtlros bli prlpfomcmos ospobfefbcs (Bucmrl 3) quo puomoi cdrupcrso oi tros tfpls jãsfbls; tujugcros, mo suporefbfo pgcic (egct pgcto) y mo tciquo cdftcml. Gls tujugcros y mo suporefbfo pgcic sli gls nãs onpgocmls blisfmorciml quo utfgfzci guz slgcr.

4.?. Eltljflrrocbtlros tujugcros Rli gls nãs eãbfgos mo osbcgcr fibronoitciml gc glidftum, og iûnorl mo tujls y uifoiml nûgtfpgos uifmcmos plr nomfl mo blgobtlros, oxfstoi mfeoroitos bliefdurcbflios;

C. ]uju ]ujuggcros cros vo vort rtffbc bcggos os.. Elrncml plr tujls vortfbcgos trcispcroitos mo vfmrfl l plgfotfgoil,  pcrc cprlvobhcr gc poiotrcbfòi mo guz icturcg (Efdurc 3J). Og rlbfcmlr so ujfbc cg eliml mog vcsl ospcrbfoiml ospcrbfoiml poquoócs jurjukcs pcrc uic juoic nozbgc, sunfifstr sunfifstrll suefbfoito suefbfoito mo BL: y ronlbfòi mo lxîdoil. Og cfrgfet y gc blgunic mo jurjukol sli okonpgl mo oggls. DlizãgozEoriãimoz ot cg . (:030) ovcgucrli og blnplrtcnfoitl mo mls eltljflrrocbtlros uil mo tciquo cjfortl y ltrl tujugcr borrcml, onpgocmls

 

 pcrc og trctcnfoitl mo mfdostfòi cicoròjfbc mo mosobhls plrbfils1 og eltljflrrocbtlr  borrcml nlstrò noklr moscrrlggl oi tærnfils mo bcptcbfòi mo iftròdoil pcrc prlmubbfòi mo  jflncsc y utfgfzcbfòi mo nctorfc lrdãifbc pcrc brobfnfoitl bogugcr vîc cjslrbfòi cjslr bfòi mo BL:. Hoir Ho ircr crmm ot cg . (:033 (:033), ), ostumf ostumfcrl crlii gc bf bfiæ iætf tfbc bc mo br brob obfn fnfo foit itll mo By Byci ciljf ljfun un sp., oi eltljflrrocbtl eltljf lrrocbtlrr oi nlml sonfbl sonfblitfiul itfiul,, yc quo nubhcs vobos gls bugtfvls bugtfvls mo bfciljcbtorf bfciljcbtorfcs cs c drci drci osbc osbcgc gc il sl slii ob obli liòn ònfb fbcn cnoi oito to vf vfcjg cjgos os pc pcrc rc sor mo moscr scrrlg rlggc gcmls mls plr cg cgfn fnoit oitcb cbfò fòii mfsblitfi mfsbli tfiuc, uc, ljt ljtuvf uvforl orlii cgt cgtcc prlmubt prlmubtfvf fvfmcm mcm oi gc voglbf voglbfmcm mcm ospo ospobfe bfefbc fbc mo brobfn brobfnfoi foitl, tl, y gldrcrli ncitoior cg nfbrllrdcifsnl oi brobfnfoitl oxplioibfcg murcito ?? mîcs. Rfstoncs obliònfbls blnl jlgscs mo plgfotfgoil so hci utfgfzcml jckl ostc bliefdurcbfòi,  prlplrbfliciml cgtc trcispcroibfc, juoic ostorfgfzcbfòi y bli bcpcbfmcm mo cunoitcr gc bliboitrcbfòi bogugcr tros vobos nãs quo gls ostciquos cjfortls (Bcrvcghl ot cg .,., :005). Ru osbcgcnfoitl il os soibfggl, pcrc prlvoor suefbfoito vlgunoi mo bugtfvl y toior oefbfoito voglbfmcm mo trciseoroibfc mo dcs, og mfãnotrl mog tujl mojorîc sor cgtl cg blnpcrcrgl bli sfstoncs blnl og mo suporefbfo pgcic (egct pgcto) l og tujugcr bli gllp, osto roquorfnfoitl mfsnfiuyo gc rogcbfòi R/U rostrfidfoiml gc oefbfoibfc eltlsfitætfbc. J. ]ujugc ]ujugcros ros hlr hlrfzl fzlitcg itcgos os. Osto tfpl puomo prosoitcr vcrfls mfsoóls (Efdurc 3B). Ru elrnc lerobo juoics voitckcs voitckcs oi rogcbf rogcbfòi òi c gls sfstoncs sfstoncs cjfortls mojfml c su lrfoitcbfòi lrfoitcbfòi hcbfc og slg gl quo rosugtc oi uic cgtc y oefbfoito blivorsfòi mo guz. Oi osto tfpl mo rocbtlros gc trciseoroibfc mo dcs so ggovc c bcjl oi gcs blioxflio blioxflioss mo gls tujls l oi uic uifmcm ospobfcg momfbcmc cg fitorbc fitorbcnjfl njfl mo dcs. Os Ostl tlss sf sfst ston oncs cs puom puomoi oi ncio nciokc kcrr vl vlgû gûno noio ioss dr drci cimo moss yc qu quoo sl slii noil noilss su susb sbop optf tfjg jgos os c gc blit blitcn cnfi ficb cbfò fòi. i. _ic mo mosvo svoit itck ckcc mo ost ostoo tf tfpl pl mo roc rocbt btlro lross os qu quoo pu puomo omoii doior doiorcr cr bc bcit itfm fmcmo cmoss blisfmorcjgos mo bcglr. Gls nætlmls cmcptcmls pcrc og oierfcnfoitl mo ostls sfstoncs hci sfml rlbfcr bli cduc, slgcpcnfoitl mo tujls, sunordfr oi pfsbfics bli cduc c tonporcturcs blitrlgcmcs y rodugcr gc tonporcturc mo gc cgfnoitcbfòi mo robfrbugcbfòi (Nlgfic ot cg .,., 3666). ]romfbf y [fttoggf (3668) mfsoócrli ui eltljflrrocbtlr hlrfzlitcg bli fibgficbfòi mo plbls drcmls hcbfc og slg quo cyumc c noklrcr gc oefbfoibfc1 blisfstîc oi ui tujl mo pgoxfdgcss mo 2.= bn mo mfãnotrl fitoril blglbcml uil cg gcml mog ltrl sfi ospcbfl oitro tujls. Gls tujls bliobtcmls oi gc pcrto suporflr o fieorflr, bli mfsplsfbfòi mo ?-4° rogctfvl cg pgcil hlrfzlitcg. Gc prlmubtfvfmcm vlgunotrîc y oefbfoibfc eltlsfitætfbc euo ncylr quo og sfstonc mo suporefbfo  pgcic. Og bcglr so blitrlgò rlbfciml cduc oi og rocbtlr buciml gc tonporcturc mog bugtfvl oxbomîc ui vcglr proostcjgobfml. Crjfj ot cg . (:032) blnpcrcrli c osbcgc pfgltl, og rcbowcy cjfortl y og eltljflrrocbtlr  tujugcr cfrgfet, glbcgfzcmls oi uic pgcitc blivoibflicg mo cducs sorvfmcs, bli og ljkotl mo

 

rocgfzcr rocgf zcr trctcnfoit trctcnfoitll torbf torbfcrfl crfl mo oeguoi oeguoito to y noklrcr noklrcr gc doiorcbfòi mo cgdcs. Og eltljflrrocbtl eltljflrrocbtlr  r  tujugc tuj ugcrr pro prosoit soitòò noklr noklr cbtfvf cbtfvfmcm mcm elt eltlsf lsfitæ itætfb tfbcc y prlmubt prlmubtfvf fvfmcm mcm :3.45³0 :3.45³0.2 .2 d RR n-:m-3, n-:m-3, ronl ronlbf bfòi òi tl tltc tcgg mo if iftr tròd òdoi oill 5? 5?.3: .3:³: ³:.8 .84% 4%,, eò eòsel selrl rl tl tltc tcgg ?8.48 ?8.48³3 ³3.34 .34% % y gî gîpf pfml mlss mo :0.80³0.::%.

B. ]ujugcros ]ujugcros hogf hogfblfmcg blfmcgos. os. Og nãs erobuoitonoito erobuoitonoito uscml os og Jflblfg, Jflblfg, blnpuostl plr ui sot mo tujls mo plgfotfgoil (2 bn mo mfãnotrl fitoril) oirlggcmls oi ui crnczòi bfrbugcr cjfortl, cblpgcml c uic tlrro mo fitorbcnjfl mo dcs y c ui fitorbcnjfcmlr mo bcglr. _ic jlnjc boitrîeudc hcbo ggodcr og nomfl mo bugtfvl hcstc gc tlrro mo fitorbcnjfl mo dcs (Efdurc 3M) (Bcrvcghl ot cg .,., :005). ]rcvfosl ot  cg . (:003) utfgfzcrli y noklrcrli og mfsoól lrfdficg, sfoiml cbtucgnoito uil mo gls nãs oefbcbos oitro

ltrcs blscs plr toior uic cgtc rogcbfòi R/U bli plbc oxtoisfòi mo torroil. Oggls rocgfzcrli ui osbcgcnfoitl soibfggl quo blisfstfò oi cdrodcr nãs uifmcmos pcrcgogcs mo bcpcs mo tujl ncitoifoiml gc bcrdc hfmrãugfbc sfi bcnjfls. Plsoo uic oitrcmc mo oiordîc  jckc y uic cgtc voglbfmcm mo nozbgc nomfcito ui prlb prlbomfnfoitl omfnfoitl mo oitrcmc mo dcs pugscmc.Gc blglbcbfòi mo uic euoito mo guz nomfcito og usl mo ui tujl fitoril, prlplrbflic ui blitrlg rczlicjgo mo gc fitoisfmcm mo guz y uic trcyobtlrfc mo guz blrtc quo ncitfoio gc tonporcturc blrrobt blr robtc. c. Gld Gldrcrl rcrlii rosu rosugtc gtcmls mls sct sctfsec fsecbtl btlrfl rflss oi og brobfnf brobfnfoit oitll mo Rpfrugfic pgctoisfs, bli  prlmubtfvfmcmos mo 0.=0 d G-3 m-3 sfi s fi mcóls bogugcros. Rlgottl ot cg . (:008) ovcgucrli ui eltljflrrocbtlr hogfblfmcg c osbcgc mo gcjlrctlrfl bli cgfnoitcbfòi sonfblitfiuc oi bugtfvl mo Rpfrug Rpfrugfic fic pgctoisfs pgctoisfs  jckl mfeoroitos blimfbflios mo fitoisfmcm mo guz y voglbfmcm mo cgfnoitcbfòi mo BL:, pcrc ovftcr gc cmfbfòi oi oxbosl mog BL: cg blnfoizl mog bugtfvl quo plmrîc bcuscr uic fihfjfbfòi plr scturcbfòi mo sustrctl. Gc òptfncc voglb òptfn voglbfmcm fmcm mo cgfn cgfnoitcbf oitcbfòi òi mo BL: pcrc og brobfnfoitl brobfnfoitl bogugcr, bogugcr, so blrrogcbfliò blrrogcbfliò bli gc fitoisfmcm mo guz c gc bucg euo oxpuostc. Oi doiorcg, og blnplrtcnfoitl mo R. pgctoisfs ostuvl nãs fieguoibfcml plr pctrlios mo cgfnoitcbfòi mo BL: oi jckc cbtfvfmcm eltlsfitætfbc. Gc voglbfmcm mog egukl mo robfrbugcbfòi euo 3.0 G nfi-3, og iûnorl mo Zoyilgms moitrl mog eltljflrrocbtlr oitro =00-3600, roscgtciml gc lburroibfc mo rædfnoi gcnficr bcpcz mo csodurcr sctfsecbtlrfcnoito og brobfnfoitl bogugcr y  provoifr ostræs nobãifbl y lxfmctfvl.

 

JFJGFLDZCEÎC Ctafisli, J., & Ncvftuic, E. (3663). Jflbhonfbcg Oidfioorfid cim jfltobhilgldy Hcimjlla.  Iuovc Vlra; Rtlbatli. Jcfgoy, K., & Lggfs, M. (3685). Jflbhonfbcg Oidfioorfid Euimcnoitcgs (Roduimc om.). Iuovc Vlra; Nb DrcwHfgg. Bhfs, N. V. (3686).  Cfrgfe jflrocbtlrs. jflrocbtlrs. Jcrafid; Ogsovfor Rof. Bfoibfcs mo gc Rcgum, Jflgòdfbcs y Cnjfoitcgos .  (s.e.). Zobuporcml og :0 mo ilvfonjro mo :036, mo Bfoibfcs mo

gc Rcgum, Jflgòdfbcs y Cnjfoitcgos ; go;///B;/_sors/RLIV/Mlwiglcms/:58662633-_ifmcm-2go;///B;/_sors/RLIV/Mlwiglcms/:58662633-_ifmcm-2Bgcsfbcbfli-y-Cpgfbcbfli-mo-Jflrrocbtlros-Il-Blivoibflicgos.pme  Dlmfc Bcscjgcibc , E., Bcscs Cgvorl, B., Dlizcgoz Cicmòi, D., Gceuoito Rcibhl, E., & Nlitosfils Roduî, K. G. (:00?). Fidoiforfc Jflqufnfbc. Ncmrfm; Rfitosfs. Pcromos, Z. (:034). _IFUOZRFMCM ICBFLICG KLZDO JCRCMZO DZLHNCII.  Zobuporcml og :0 mo ilvfonjro mo :036, mo _IFUOZRFMCM ICBFLICG KLZDO JCRCMZO DZLHNCII; go;///B;/_sors/RLIV/Mlwiglcms/25=865832-Jflrrocbtlros-Il-Blivoibflicgos.pme