Biografia FREUD
March 17, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Biografia FREUD...
Description
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr EZN^B, ]AHL^CB (;4>5-;1=1)
]ahlucb Ernub, eucbkb`r bno psam`kcëoasas, ckmaý nc Ernajnrh, bn pkbrns fubì`s. ]n trksokbý k vavar k Uanck b`cbn nstubaý lnbamack nspnmakoazëcb`sn nc cnur`pkt`o`hìk, m`cmrntklnctn nc ok pkrëoasas acekctao y nc o`s pr`jonlks bno onchukfn m`l` ok keksak. W`r kqunooks áp`mks o`s fubì`s c` p`bìkc trkjkfkr nc acstatuma`cns pöjoamks m`l` o`s d`spatkons, ca tklp`m` bkr moksns nc ok ^cavnrsabkb, p`r ns` sn satuý nc uck m`csuotk pravkbk. Nst` o` oonvý k trktkr pkmanctns qun pkbnmìkc dastnrak, uck rnkmmaýc cnurýtamk nc ok muko o`s m`ceoamt`s nl`ma`ckons s`c m`cvnrtab`s nc sìct`lks eìsam`s m`l` pkrëoasas y s`rbnrk (nc ok kmtukoabkb, sn prneanrn no tárlac` trkst`rc` bn m`cvnrsaýc ko bn dastnrak). ]u pks` k ok psam`pkt`o`hìk sn pr`buf` mukcb` m`c`maý k Fnkc-Lkrtac Mdkrm`t, lábam` nspnmakoazkb` nc ncenrlnbkbns cnrva`sks, qun prkmtamkjk ok dapc`sas pkrk murkr k oks ncenrlks bn dastnrak nc no D`spatko bn ]kopntranrn bn Wkrìs. No H`janrc` erkcmás on m`cmnbaý uck jnmk k Ernub pkrk ar uc kû` k nstubakr nc Wkrìs y eun kooì b`cbn pub` `jsnrvkr mýl` ucks lufnrns pkrkoìtamks m`c uc sìcbr`ln dastáram`, sn onvkctkjkc burkctn oks snsa`cns bn dapc`sas bn Mdkrm`t. M`lprunjk qun dky uc cavno lnctko qun sahun eucma`ckcb` nc no acm`csmanctn, acmous` nstkcb` jkf` o`s nenmt`s bn ok dapc`sas. Nc uc pracmapa`, Ernub pr`murý koavakr o`s sìct`lks bn ok dastnrak m`c dapc`sas y nonmtr`alkcns, pnr` pr`ct` m`lpr`jý qun oks "murks" ksì o`hrkbks nrkc tnlp`rkons. Nc ok jösqunbk jösqunb k bn uck murk pnrlkcnctn acvnctý uc acstrulnct` psam`oýha psam`oýham` m` pkrk ok nxpo`rkmaýc bn ok pnrs`ckoabkb, bnc`lackb` ks`makmaýc oajrn hrkmaks ko muko bnsmujraý no rnac` acm`csmanctn bn ok vabk psìquamk. Eun eucbklnctkolnctn nstk nxpo`rkmaýc bn ok vabk psìquamk acm`csmanctn bn sus pkmanctns o` qun o` ac acsparý sparý pkrk mr mrnkr nkr no psam`kcëo psam`kcëoasas asas, rnkoazkmaýc pral`rbako bn Ernub y puctko bn su eklk. No psam`k psam`kcëoasas cëoasas ns k ok vnz uc lát`b` tnrkpáutam` y uck tn`rìk bn ok pnrs`ckoabkb. Fuct` k su klah` F`snpd Jrnunr, qun tkljaác tncìk uck m`csuotk nc Uanck, ns mýl` Ernub daz` su pks` dkmak no Wsam`kcëoasas. Jrnunr trktkjk uck pkmanctn, Kcck @. qun tncìk bnslky`s, tkquamkrbaks y pr`jonlks mutëcn`s, pnr` hrkmaks k ok dapc`sas nst`s sìct`lks sn ajkc rnbumancb` n acmous` bnskpkrnmìkc. O` qun pr`bumìk bamd`s pr`jonlks nc ok ;
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr pkmanctn eunr`c o`s kjus`s snxukons qun sueraý nc su acekcmak p`r uc eklaoakr. Eun k pkrtar bn kquì qun Ernub baf` qun bntrës bn mkbk pr`jonlk psam`oýham` nxastn tkljaác `tr` pr`jonlk snxuko. Wkrk Ernub ok lnctn tancn trns sujsastnlks6 no m`csmanctn ` o` qun nstkl`s pncskcb` pncskcb`,, no prnm`csmanctn prnm`csm anctn qun ns o` qun c` dky nc no m`csmanctn, pnr` nc mukoquanr l`lnct` punbn
nstkro` y no acm`csmanctn qun sn ncmunctrk `muot` y cunstrk lnctn c` pnrlatn qun keo`rn, sýo` skon k trkvás bn o`s sunû`s, bn o`s nrr`rns qun m`lntnl`s sac qunrnr, bn oks ks`makma`cns oajrns ` jkf` dapc`sas. Baf` qun o`s pr`mns`s psìquam`s s`c nc sì lasl` acm`csmanctns y qun o`s pr`mns`s m`csmanctns c` s`c sac` kmt`s kasokb`s ` erkmma`cns bn ok vabk kcìlamk kcìlamk t`tko. Nstk kearlkma kearlkmaýc ýc nstë rnokma rnokma`ckbk `ckbk m`c no snhucb` pr pracmapa` acmapa` b`cb b`cbnn bntnrlackb`s alpuos`s acstactav`s o`s moksaeamk bn alpuos`s snxukons. ]nhöc Ernub ok oìjab` ns ok eunrzk alpuosavk qun rnprnsnctk no acstact` snxuko, ok ncnrhìk rnokma`ckbk m`c
t`bks oks nl`ma`cns qun bnc`lackl`s m`c no tárlac` kl`r . Ok nv`oumaýc bn ok oìjab` nc no d`ljrn pksk p`r muktr` eksns bnsbn su ckmalanct`6 `rko, sëbamk, kcko y eëoamk. @tr` nsqunlk lnctko qun bnsmrajn Ernub ns k pkrtar bn trns acstkcmaks bnc`la`ckbks Noo`, Q` y ]upnr-Q`. Bn t`bks nooks, nooks, ok pkrtn lë lëss pr`eucbk bn ok psaqu psaqunn ns no Noo` Noo`,, nc no
muko rkbamk t`b` o` dnrnbkb`, o`s alpuos`s acstactav`s y prnb`lack no "pracmapa` bno pokmnr". Ns acm`csmanctn nc su t`tkoabkb. No Q` ns no "pracmapa` bn rnkoabkb", ns m`csmanctn y tancn ok eucmaýc bn ok m`lpr`jkmaýc bn ok rnkoabkb, ksì m`l` ok rnhuokmaýc y m`ctr`o bn o`s bnsn`s n alpuos`s pr`vacanctns bno Noo`. Lës kbnokctn, no Q` bk ouhkr ko ckmalanct` bno ]upnr-Q`, qun ns no rnprnsnctkctn actnra`r bn ok kut`rabkb y c`rlks bn o`s pkbrns, ksì m`l` bn ok nbumkmaýc rnmajabk y bn ok s`manbkb nc hncnrko, tancn uc mklp` acm`csmanctn m`c koh` m`csmanctn. Ernub ns uc` bn o`s lës ekl`s`s psamýo`h`s qun dkykc nxastab` fklës. ]us m`ctrajuma`cns k ok psam`o`hìk bno kspnmt` acm`csmanctn bn ok vabk lnctko s`c löotapons, n acmouync no nstuba` bn ok m`cbumtk c`rlko, ok klcnsak, ok kchustak, o`s sunû`s, ok pnrs`ckoabkb, no bnskrr`oo` psam`snxuko y o`s l`tav`s acm`csmanctns. Nctrn sus culnr`sks dapýtnsas sn ncmunctrk ok qun oks abnks, l`tav`s y rnmunrb`s acm`csmanctns acm`csman ctns bnsnlpn bnsnlpnûkc ûkc uc alp`rtkc alp`rtkctn tn pkpno nc ok vabk m`tab m`tabakck, akck, nfnrmanc nfnrmancb` b` m`ctr`o s`jrn hrkc pkrtn bn cunstr` m`lp`rtklanct`. Nstk sn p`cn bn lkcaeanst` nc o`s bnsoamns
:
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr vnrjkons, o`s sunû`s, o`s sìct`lks cnurýtam`s, ntm. Ok b`mtrack bn o`s nonlnct`s acm`csmanctns, acm`csman ctns, nc mks` bn snr m`rrnmtk, rnvnstarìk nc`r nc`rln ln alp`rtkcmak alp`rtkcmak.. Oks b`s hrkcbns tnlëtamks qun rnm`rrnc ok `jrk bn Ernub s`c no snx` y ok khrnsaýc. ]n barìk qun no snx` ns no hrkc tnlk ksmncbnctn nc ok vabk, ns ok eunrzk qun bk munctk c` sýo` bn ok vabk bno acbavabu` sac` bn oks hncnrkma`cns euturks. Ko m`cfuct` bn acstact`s (puosa`cns ja`oýhamks) rnokma`ckb`s m`c ok supnrvavncmak o`s ooklý Nr`s, p`r no tnrlac` hranh` qun bnsahckjk ko kl`r, y nctncbìk qun ok khrnsaýc (acmouabk ok kut`khrnsaýc) surhìk bn uc acstact` bn lunrtn ko qun bnc`lacý Rëckt`s, k pkrtar bno ba`s hranh` bn ok lunrtn. Nstks b`s eunrzks jktkookjkc nctrn sì k o` okrh` bn t`bk ok vabk bno `rhkcasl`9 ko m`lancz` Nr`s ns lës p`bnr`s`, pnr` ko eacko Rëckt`s tnrlack traucekcb`. ]a janc o`s m`cmnpt`s bn Nr`s y Rëckt`s s`c koh` r`lëctam`s, ns vnrbkb qun pkrk o`s tnrkpnutks hrkc pkrtn bn ok m`cbumtk ackbkptkbk sn nxprnsk m`l` baeamuotkbns snxukons n alpuos`s khrnsav`s. Ksì puns, Ernub snûkoý k o`s eutur`s trkjkfkb`rns bn ok skoub lnctko, nc hncnrko, ok barnmmaýc m`rrnmtk. Ernub eun uc kut`r pr`oìeam`. ^ck bn oks nbama`cns bn J^] `jrks m`ctancn lës bn :7 v`oölncns. Nctrn sus oajr`s lnf`r m`c`mab`s sn ncmunctrkc Ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s (;177), @jrks m`lpontks t`l`s ; y : , t`l`s 2 y >, Wsam`pkt`o`hìk bn ok vabk m`tabakck (;17;), @jrks m`lpontks, m`lpontks, t`l` 5, M`cenrncmaks M`cenrncmaks bn actr`bummaýc actr`bummaýc ko psam`kckoastk psam`kckoastk
(;1;5-;8), @jrks m`lpontks, t`l`s ;> y ;5 ky No y` y no noo` (;1:=), @j @jrks rks m`lpon m`lpontks tks,, t`l` ;1.
=
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr Ja`hrkeìk bn ]ahlucb Ernub
Ok vabk y ok `jrk bn ]ahlucb Ernub rnprnsnctkc uc kp`rtn eucbklnctko k ok muoturk bno saho` vnactn. No tanlp` bn Ernub ns uc tanlp` bn trkcsamaýc y bn mrasas y áo eun uc` bn sus pr`tkh`castks. Ok `jrk hncako bn Ernub surhaý m`l` uck nokj`rkmaýc mrìtamk y nrubatk bn uck muoturk bnsbn su actnra`r y kErnub trkváseun bnb`lackb` o`s pr`eucb`s bn uc d`ljrn bn su tanlp`. ]ahlucb t`bk nstrkt`s su vabk bn p`r okuclnctn keëc ápam`. Z`bnkb` bn hrkcbns onkotkbns, ncernctkb` eura`sklnctn k o`s ncnlah`s, trkjkfkcb` m`c enrv`r p`r o`s abnkons rnv`ouma`ckra`s bno m`c`malanct` bn ok lnctn y bn ok vabk bn o`s d`ljrns y sustnctkb` nc o`s dár`ns bn ok muoturk ucavnrsko. W`r `trk pkrtn euá uc d`ljrn, uc fubì` daf` bn uc pkbrn lky`r y sulas` y bn uck eklaoak nxtncsk y bn rnmurs`s nm`cýlam`s k vnmns jkstkctn oalatkb`s. Ksì ns m`l` Ernub `smaoý mksa sanlprn nctrn no nctusaksl` kpksa`ckb` y ok bnprnmakmaýc klkrhk bn ok `jrk nc mrnkmaýc. Ernub `rhkcazý su vabk m`c rah`r nc t`rc` k uc mahkrr` y ko trkjkf`. Eun b`lackb` burkctn t`bk su nxastncmak p`r uc kcsak bn m`c`malan m`c`malanct` ct` y, kucqun sanlprn o` rnm rnmdkzkjk, dkzkjk, p`r uucc kot` nspìratu nspnmuoktav`. Lës qun uc tnrkpnutk n acmous` uc moìcam`, eun uc acvnstahkb`r manctìeam` p`satavastk dnrnbnr` bn ok Aoustrkmaýc, bn Bkrwac y Cnwt`c. Kbnlës eun uc mkjkoonr` bnmal`cýcam`, bn hrkc muoturk y nrubamaýc, qun eun mkpkz bn bkr uc skot` brklëtam` dkmak oks pr`eucbabkbns bn sì lasl` y bn o`s bnlës, kp`ykb` nc o`s abnkons bno trkjkf` y bno m`c`malanct` manctìeam` k trkvás bn o`s mukons pub` dkmnr ernctn k su pub`r y k o`s prnfuama`s nc mukct` pub`. Bn nstk lkcnrk ok vabk y ok `jrk nc no mks` nspnmako bn ]ahlucb Ernub nstëc nspnmakolnctn aljramkbks nctrn sì. No m`c`malanct` dastýram`-snmuncmako tkct` bn ok vabk m`l` bn ok `jrk bno hrkc psam`kckoastk vancás ns luy ötao puns, m`l` sumnbn m`c o`s hrkcbns mrnkb`rns, ok nxastncmak bn Ernub tancn baenrnctns eksns bntnrlackbks p`r baenrnctns `jrks y nc oks qun surhanr`c baenrnctns l`bno`s bn ok tn`rìk. Ok ja`hrkeìk bn Ernub rnkoazkbk p`r Wntnr Hky ("EZN^B. ^ck vabk bn cunstr` tanlp`." WNRNZ WNRNZ HKQ. Wkab`s,Js.Ks Wkab`s,Js.Ks.,;141.)ns .,;141.)ns uck nl`ma` nl`ma`ckctn ckctn dast`rak bbnn ok vabk bn uc hrkc d`ljrn qun c`s ns tkc mnrmkc`. Dn sactntazkb`, rnsulab` ` t`lkb` tnxt`s bn nstk `jrk. No prnsnctn trkjkf` tancn eac babëmtam` y prkhlëtam`6 snrvar pkrk ujamkr sn m`c lky`r ekmaoabkb nc ok snmuncmak bn ookk vabk y `jrk bn ]ahlu ]ahlucb cb Ernub. Br. ON@C M@DNC L.
WZALNZK BNMKBK
(;4>5-;455) YACEKCMAK6 Bn Ernajnrh k Uanck\ ;4>5 Ckmn ]AHA]L^CB ]MDO@L@ EZN^B no 5 bn Lky`, Ernajnrh (kmtuko Wraj`r), mkoon ]mdo`ssnrhkssn ]mdo`ssn rhkssn ;;8 ;;8,, nc uck öc öcamk amk dkjatkmaý dkjatkmaýcc krrncbk krrncbkbk bk nc no snh snhucb` ucb` pas` bn uck l`bnstk mksk. Daf` bn Fkm`j Ernub (27 kû`s, m`lnrmakctn fubì` nc okck) y Klkoak Cktdkcs`dc (:7 kû`s, fubìk) ;4>4 Lunrn Fuoaus Ernub k o`s santn lnsns bn nbkb, dnrlkc` aclnbaktklnctn lnc`r bn ]. Ernub. ;4>1. Ok eklaoak Ernub sn trksokbk k Onapzah. ;457 Ok eklaoak Ernub sn rkbamk nc Uanck, nc no jkrra` fubì` bn On`p`obstkbt. Bnsbn nstn kû` y sumnsavklnctn dkstk
2
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr ;455 ckmnc muktr` dnrlkcks bn Ernub6 Z`sk, Lkran, Kb`oeacn, y Wkuoacn kbnlës bn Konxkcbnr, Konxkcbn r, no dnrlkc` lnc`r. ;45> Ernub achrnsk ko Hylcksaul ]NH^CBK BNMKBK
(;455-;485) YOk kb`onsmncmak6 No pr`ynmt` dnr`am`\ ;458 Fkm`j Ernub on m`ceabncmak k su daf` ]ahlucb no acmabnctn dulaookctn m`c uc kustrakm` kctasnlatk nc Ernajnrh, o` qun pr`l`vaý nc no f`vnc Ernub ekctksìks bn vnchkczk k trkvás bn ok abnctaeamkmaýc m`c no snlatk Kcìjko y su oumdk m`ctrk o`s r`lkc`s. ;48= Ernub tnrlack su Hylcksaul k o`s banmasantn kû`s bn nbkb. Hrkc mura`sabkb y dkljrn bn m`c`malanct`. Aceouncmak bn H`ntdn, Bkrwac, Enunrjkmd, Jrnctkc`. Achrnsk k lnbamack (^cavnrsabkb bn Uanck).Mrasas nm`cýlamk y kctasnlatasl` nc Uanck. ;48> Ok eklaoak Ernub sn lubk k uck mksk lës klpoak pnr` köc acsueamanctn pkrk uck eklaoak tkc nxtncsk. Znkoazk uck vasatk k sus lnba` dnrlkc`s nc Lkcmdnstnr, Achoktnrrk. BNMKBK BN O@] UNACRN
;485-;445) YOk e`rlkmaýc6 Jrumin, Jrnunr, Mdkrm`t\ ;485 M`lanczk k trkjkfkr nc no okj`rkt`ra` bno easaýo`h` Nrcst Jrumin. ;488 Wralnr`s trkjkf`s bnravkb`s bn oks acvnstahkma`cns s`jrn no sastnlk cnrva`s` nc pnmns. ;481 Ernub (:= k.) rnkoazk uc kû` bn snrvama` laoatkr `joahkt`ra` ;447 F`sne Jrnunr acamak no trktklanct` bn Kcck @. (:; kû`s) no muko sn pr`o`chkrë p`r uc kû` y lnba`. Ernub trkbumn kohuc`s tnxt`s bn F`dc ]tukrt Laoo m`l` "]`jrn ok nlkcmapkmaýc bn ok lufnr", "Woktýc", "Ok munstaýc `jrnrk", "No s`makoasl`". ;44; Ernub tnrlack ok mkrrnrk bn Lnbamack k o`s :> kû`s. ;44: M`c`mn k Lkrtdk Jnrckys (:; kû`s, fubìk bn eklaoak `rt`b`xk, rnsabnctn bn Xkcbsjni, Dkljurh`) y nc fuca` sn m`lpr`lntn m`c nook. D`spatko Hncnrko bn Uanck. Mëtnbrk bn Lnbamack actnrck bno pr`e. Dnrlkcc C`tdckhno. Bnpkrtklnct` bno kckt`lastk mnrnjrko y psaquaktrk Rdn`b`r Lnycnrt. ;44= M`ceabncmak bn F`sne Jrnunr k Ernub nc t`rc` k su nxpnrancmak moìcamk m`c ok pkmanctn Kcck @. (Jnrtk Wkppncdnal). ;442 Acvnstahk nc oks pr`panbkbns kcnstásamks bn ok m`mkìck. ;44> Kjkcb`ck no D`spatko Hn Hncnrko cnrko bn Uan Uanck ck bnspuá bnspuáss bn nsmkokr bbavnrs`s avnrs`s hrkb hrkb`s `s dkstk no cavno bn ravktb`znct, pnr` köc m`c achrns`s luy oalatkb`s. Jnmkb` pkrk vakfkr k Wkrìs y
nstubakr Mdkrm`t no okps` bnbnsnas lnsns. trkjkf` kcktýlam` lamr`smýpam` nc mnrnjr`sm`c bn caû`s nc p`r no okj`rkt`ra` Mdkrm`t nc Dkmn ok ]kopntranrn.
>
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr BNMKBK BN O@] RZNACRK
(;445-;415) YBn ok cnur`o`hìk k ok psam`o`hìk\ ;445 Rrkjkfk nxmousavklnctn nc su m`csuot`ra` pravkb` (Zktddkusstrkssn C¶ 8) y m`ctacök acvnstahkcb` nc no okj`rkt`ra` kcktýlam` bn Lnycnrt. ]n mksk m`c Lkrtdk Jnrckys nc mnrnl`cak mavao rnkoazkbk nc Xkcbsjnmi. Ko bìk sahuanctn, k rkìz bn uck `joahkmaýc dkmak ok ony kustrakmk, sn `eamaý uck mnrnl`cak rnoaha`sk, fubìk p`r supunst`. Wralnrks pujoamkma`cns psaquaëtramks6 "@jsnrvkma`cns bn uck hrkvn dnlakcnstnsak nc uc dastáram` (M`ctrajuma`cns k ok mksuìstamk bn ok dastnrak)". M`cenrncmak s`jrn "Ok dastnrak lksmuoack". Kctn ok acmrnbuoabk acmrnbuoabkbb bn sus m` m`onhks. onhks. Lny Lnycnrt, cnrt, kctns uc kkp`y`, p`y`, r`lpn m`c Ernub Ernub.. ;448 ]u pralnrk pralnrk dafk6 Lktdaobn Lktdaobn,, ooklkbk ksì nc d`lnckfn k ok ns nsp`sk p`sk bn Jrnunr. M`c`mn k Xaodnol Eoanss. ;444 Wujoamk no tnxt` "Dastnrak", kcýcalklnctn, nc ok Ncmamo`pnbak bn Uaookrnt pujoamkbk nc b`s v`oölncns nc ;444 y ;41;. ;441 Uasatk k D. Jnrcdnal nc Ckcmy. Rrktk k ok pkmanctn Nlly v`c L. uskcb` p`r pralnrk vnz no lát`b` bn nxpo`rkmaýc jkf` dapc`sas bn Jrnunr. ;417 ^ck pkmanctn khrkbnmabk, Lkbkln Jncvncasta, on rnhkok no qun sn m`cvnrtarìk nc no
ekl`s` kckoìtam`. Ernub acmoackbnp`rok okprnsaýc c`maýcs`jrn bn Jnrdnal s`jrn suhnstaýc "nstkb` bavëc bn m`cmnctrkmaýc" , "oksntámcamk ok ernctn"), nc okvnz bn ok bn( dapc`sas (Mdkrm`t). Wujoamk no tnxt` "Rrktklanct` bno kolk". ;41; D.X.H. Xkobnynr pujoamk su l`c`hrkeìk s`jrn ok tn`rìk bn ok "cnur`ck". Ckmn su snhucb` daf`6 daf`6 @oavnr nc rnmun rnmunrb` rb` bn su kblark kblarkb` b` @oavnr Mr`lwn Mr`lwnoo. oo. Ok eklaoak Ernu Ernub b sn lubk k Jnrhhkssn ;1, kpkrtklnct` b`cbn vavaý p`r mukrnctk y santn kû`s y no qun sýo` kjkcb`ckrìk rulj` ko nxaoa`. Wujoamk su pralnr oajr`, ooklkb` "Ok m`cmnpmaýc bn oks keksaks (Nstuba` (Nstuba` mrìtam`)", bnb bnbamkb` amkb` k Jrnu Jrnunr. nr. ;41: Rrktklanct` bn Noazkjntd v`c Z., no pralnr kcëoasas m`lpont` bn uck dastnrak qun rnkoazý. Rrktk k Ls. Oumy Z. Nsmrajn sus "Kp`rtkma`cns k o`s nstuba`s s`jrn ok dastnrak" y, m`c Jrnunr o`s "J`squnf`s bn ok M`lucamkmaýc Wrnoalackr" b`cbn nxp`cnc ok b`mtrack bn ok dastnrak. ;41= Lunrn F-L. Mdkrm`t. Ckmn su dafk ]`pdan Ernub. Rn`rìk s`jrn no mkrëmtnr snxuko kbquarab` (p`r "kh`tklanct` pr`v`mkb` p`r ok lksturjkmaýc ` no m`atus actnrruptus") bn ok cnur`sas cnurkstácamk. Wujoamkmaýc bno tnxt` "]`jrn no lnmkcasl` psìquam` bn o`s encýlnc`s dastáram`s6 M`lucamkmaýc prnoalackr". Nsmrajn no Wrýo`h` y oks c`tks k ok trkbummaýc bno oajr` bn Mdkrm`t ooklkb` "Onmma`cns bn o`s lkrtns". Rkljaác sn pujoamk uc krtìmuo` cnur`psaquaëtram` ooklkb` "Nstuba` m`lpkrktav` bn oks pkrëoasas l`tramns `rhëcamks n dastáramks" y b`s krtìmuo`s cnur`oýham`s " ]`jrn oks e`rlks eklaoakrns bn oks baponfìks mnrnjrkons", "Oks baponfìks mnrnjrkons nc ok acekcmak". Wujoamk uc krtìmuo` ooklkb` "Mdkrm`t" y uc` "]`jrn uc ernmunctn sìct`lk sìct`lk m`cm`latkc m`cm`latkctn tn bn ok ncurnsas c`mturck nc no caû`." ;412 ]n pujoamk no tnxt` s`jrn "Oks cnur`psam`sas bn bnencsk. Ncsky` bn uck tn`rìk
psam`oýhamk bn ok dastnrak kbquarabk,Kbnlës bn lumdks y rnprnsnctkma`cns `jsnsavks y bn manrtks psam`sas koumackt`raks." no e`jaks krtìmuo` cnur`oýham` "M`ctrajumaýc ko m`c`malanct` bn oks baponfìks mnrnjrkons (nc rnokmaýc m`c ok ncenrlnbkb bn Oatton)." 5
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr ;41> Ckmn Kcck Ernub. Wujoamk nc m`okj`rkmaýc m`c F`sne Jrnunrok `jrk6 "Nsmrat`s s`jrn ok dastnrak" muy` pralnr mkpìtuo` ns "Ok M`lucamkmaýc Wrnoalackr". Nsmrajn no "Wr`ynmt` bn uck psam`o`hìk pkrk cnurýo`h`s". Rkljaác pujoamk "Ok cnurkstncak y ok cnur`sas bn kchustak". ]`jrn ok fustaeamkmaýc bn snpkrkr bn ok cnurkstncak uc manrt` m`lponf` bn sìct`lks, k tìtuo` bn "Cnur`sas bn Kchustak", "@jsnsa`cns y e`jaks", "Mrìtamk bn ok cnur`sas bn kchustak". Dkmn uck rnsnûk bn ok `jrk bn Nbachnr ooklkbk " ^ck cunvk tn`rìk s`jrn no `rahnc bn kohucks kenmma`cns cnrva`sks, nspnmakolnctn s`jrn ok cnuratas y ok tkjns" y uc krtìmuo` "]`jrn ok cnurkohak pkrnstásamk bn ok panrck bn Jnrcdkrbt". Nc ok c`mdn bno := ko :2 bn fuoa` Ernub tuv` no alp`rtkctn sunû` ooklkb` "no sunû` bn ok acynmmaýc bn Arlk", no muko sn m`cvartaý nc pkrkbahlk bn ok c`maýc bn qun o`s sunû`s s`c rnkoazkma`cns bn bnsn`. BNMKBK BN O@] M^KZNCRK
(;415-;175) YWsam`kcëoasas y lntkpsam`o`hìk6 ;nr. l`bno` bn kpkrkt`lnctko (týpam`)\ ;415 ]n pujoamk uc krtìmuo` ooklkb` "Oks cnur`psam`sas bn bnencsk" (tn`rìk bn ok snbummaýc). ]n pujoamk nc erkcmás no krtìmuo` "Ok dnrncmak y ok nta`o`hìk bn oks cnur`sas". Wujoamk no krtìmuo` "Ok nta`o`hìk bn ok dastnrak". Ns tkljaác nc nstn kû` nc qun Ernub utaoazk p`r pralnr k vnz no tárlac` "psam`kcëoasas", snhöc Hky, pralnr` nc erkcmás y bnspuás nc konlëc. Rkljaác nc nstn kû`, nc ok mkrtk barahabk k Eoanss no ;= bn enjrnr` nlponk p`r pralnrk vnz no alp`rtkctn tárlac` "lntkpsam`o`hìk". Kbnlës nsmrajn no Wrýo`h` k ok
snhucbk nbamaýc konlkck bno oajr` bn D. Jnrcdnal " Ok suhnstaýc y sus kpoamkma`cns tnrkpáutamks". ;418 Lunrn Fkm`j Ernub (pkbrn bn Ernub) k o`s 4; kû`s. ]n ucn k ok o`hak fubìk "Xanc" bno l`valanct` bn ok J‑cka J‑ratd nc ok muko bk kohucks m`cenrncmaks. Ernub acamak sastnlëtamklnctn uc kut`kcëoasas qun dkjìk m`lnczkb` lnc`s `rhkcazkbklnctn b`s ` trns kû`s kctns. Zncucmak Zncucmak k ok tn`rìk bn ok snbummaýc. M`cvnc M`cvncmalanct` malanct` bn qun ok rnokmaýc rnokmaýc nbìpamk bno caû` m`c sus pkbrns snrìk uc dnmd` lës janc hncnrko bn ok pralnrk acekcmak. ;414 Wujoamk o`s krtìmuo`s "Ok snxukoabkb nc ok nta`o`hìk bn oks cnur`sas" y "]`jrn no lnmkcasl` lnmkcas l` psìquam` bno `ovab`" `ovab`".. Kbnlës pujoamk uucc krtìmuo` cnur`oý cnur`oýham` ham` m`c ok pralnrk pkrtn bno trkjkf` ooklkb` "Wkrëoasas mnrnjrko acekctao". ;411 K eacns bn kû` sn pujoamk ok `jrk eucbklnctko bn Ernub6 E rnub6 " Ok actnrprntk actnrprntkmaýc maýc bn o`s sunû`s“. Znbkmtk no tnxt` "^ck prnl`camaýc `cìramk mulpoabk" qun snrìk pujoamkbk nc ;12;. Nsmrajn uck "C`tk kut`ja`hrëeamk" qun snrìk pujoamkbk nc ;17;. Ns pujoamkbk ok snhucbk pkrtn bno tnxt` bn ok "Wkrëoasas mnrnjrko acekctao". ;177 Wr`eucb` y bneacatav` bneacatav` qu quanjrn anjrn nc ok rnokmaýc m`c Eoanss. M` M`lanczk lanczk no trktklan trktklanct` ct` psam`kckoìtam` bn B`rk (;4 kû`s), y qun nook actnrrulpaý `cmn lnsns bnspuás. ]n pujoamk ok tnrmnrk pkrtn y öotalk bno tnxt` "Wkrëoasas mnrnjrko acekctao". ;17; Uasatk k Z`lk m`c su dnrlkc` Konxkcbnr. ]n pujoamk nc nstn kû` "Ok Wsam`pkt`o`hìk bn ok vabk m`tabakck". ]n pujoamk uc rnsulnc bn " Ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s" m`c no c`ljrn bn "]`jrn no sunû`". Nsmrajn no "Kcëoasas erkhlnctkra` bn uck dastnrak. (B`rk)" qun snrìk pujoamkb` nc ;17>. ;17: Acama` bn okZnatonr, "]`manbkb bn o`strkjkf` Laárm`ons" nrkc6 Xaodnl Ikdkcn, Zub`oe KoernbWsam`oýhamk Kbonr, No pralnr qun sn basmutaý euá ]tnino, nc t`rc`Lkx ko
8
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr nenmt` psam`oýham` bno tkjkm`. Ns c`ljrkb` Wr`enss`r Nxtrk`rbackraus nc ok ^cavnrsabkb bn Uanck ;17= ]n pujoamk ok rnsnûk s`jrn ok `jrk bn H. Janbncikpp "Nc ok oumdk m`ctrk o`s jkmao`s bno mnrnjr`" ;172 ]n pujoamk "No lát`b` psam`kckoìtam` bn Ernub". "]`jrn psam`tnrkpak". ^otalk m`cenrncmak bn Ernub kctn uc kubat`ra` nxmousavklnctn lábam`, no M`onha` bn Lábam`s bn Uanck s`jrn oks oks cunvks abnks nc t`rc` k ok tn`rìk y trktklan trktklanct` ct` bn ok dastnrak. Nsmrajn Nsmrajn no tnxt` s`jrn "Wnrs`ckfns psam`pëtam`s nc no tnktr`" qun snrìk pujoamkb` nc ;12:. ]n pujoamkc vkraks rnsnûks. ]`jrn F. Jahno`w" No lastnra` bno sunû`", s`jrn K. Jkulhkrtnc "Cnurkstncak6 "Cnurkstnc ak6 su nsncmak, murk y prnvnc prnvncmaýc". maýc". Kbnlës uc krtìmu krtìmuo` o` ooklkb` "C`tk "C`tkss s`jrn d`ljrns lkhcátam`s", uck c`tk cnmr`oýhamk ko Wr`e. ]. Dkllnrsmdokh. Nsmrajn b`s mkrtks k X. Eoanss qun snrìkc pujoamkbks nc ;175. ;17> Ernub pujoamk eackolnctn eackolnctn ok `jrk "Rrn "Rrnss ncsky`s s`jrn tn`rìk snxuko snxuko." ." ]n pujoamk " No mdastn y su rnokmaýc m`c o` acm`csmanctn". ]n pujoamk no dast`rako bn B`rk rnbkmtkb` nc ;17;. ]n pujoamk uck rnsnûk s`jrn no oajr` bn Z. Xamilkl ooklkb` " Znhoks bn vabk pkrk o`s cnurýtam`s." BNMKBK BN O@] MACM^NCRK
(;175-;1;>) YOk hrkc nxpkcsaýc6 ok moìcamk y ok p`oìtamk psam`kckoìtamks\ ;175 Ernub mulpon macmunctk kû`s. No jaýhrke` Hky dkmn uck rnsnûk lës pnrs`cko y b`lástamk bno Ernub bn nstk áp`mk. ]n trktk bn uck áp`mk nspnmakolnctn eártao nc ok muko Ernub sn lkctuv`, m`l` euá su lát`b` t`bk ok vabk, earlnlnctn kpnhkb` ko trkjkf` no muko snrìk sanlprn su eunctn bn rnkoazkmaýc y koava`. Nsmrupuo`sklnctn `rbnckb` nc su vabk b`lástamk y okj`rko, o`s bìks dëjaons m`lnczkjkc k oks santn bn ok lkûkck y ktncbìk pkmanctns bn `md` k b`mn. K ok uck nc puct` kol`rzkjk m`c ok eklaoak y ounh` skoìk k mklackr pkrk rnt`rckr k ok m`csuotk bnsbn okstrns dkstk oks cunvn. Nct`cmns ok mnck y ounh` ` fuhkjk ckapns m`c Lacck, su muûkbk, ` skoìk m`c Lkrtdk ` kohuck bn sus dafks k pksnkr ` k uc mkeá. Bn vunotk, nc ok c`mdn k on onnr nr ` nsmrajar dkstk ok uck. uck. O`s eacns bn snlkck, o`s sëjkb`s nctrn macm` y santn pr`cucmakjk m`cenrncmaks nc ok ^cavnrsabkb y ounh` k ok mksk bn uc klah` k fuhkr tkr`m. O`s b`lach`s p`r ok lkûkck vasatkjk k su lkbrn y p`r ok tkrbn nsmrajìk. Rkljaác `rhkcazkjk m`c tanlp` oks vkmkma`cns bn vnrkc` pkrk t`bk ok eklaoak b`cbn rnp`skjk y mklackjk. M`l` sn c`tk sn trktkjk bn uc `rbnckb` y muabkb`s` jurhuás qun sn nse`rzkjk nc kut`m`ctr`okr uc tnlpnrklnct` "v`omëcam`", acquant`, p`snnb`r bn uck larkbk pr`eucbk n acquasatavk qun rnvnokjk su "dkljrn bn m`c`malanct`" y bn m`sks cunvks y qun o` dkmìk alp`cnrsn ernctn k o`s bnlës, kucqun, p`r `tr` okb`, m`ctacuklnctn bnjìk dkmnr ernctn nc ok actalabkb k uc pnrtackz snctalanct` bnprnsav` rnspnmt` k sì lasl`. M`l` pkbrn o`hrý hncnrkr uck ktlýsenrk bn rnspnt` y `rbnc sac actalabkmaýc, o`hrkcb` uck rnokmaýc m`lprncsavk y j`cbkb`sk, sa janc e`rlko, rnsnrvkbk y m`c uc nsmks` y bastkctn m`ctkmt` eìsam` m`c sus daf`s. Bn ok laslk e`rlk k trkvás bn ok actalabkb vnrtabk nc oks mkrtks Ernub bk munctk bn uck kmtava kmtavabkb bkb snxuko lnc`r n arrnhuokr y k vnmns erkcmklnctn erkmkskbk ` kusnctn, m`ctrkstkctn m`c ok prnsncmak bn sncskma`cns nrýtamks nc sus sunû`s ` nc ok m`lpokmncmak m`c lufnrns m`l` O`u Kcbrnks ]ko`lá. Ernub snctìk uc mokr` pokmnr p`r kqunooks m`sks qun kprnmakjk kprnmakjk ok jurhunsìk bn ok áp`mk. Ok jnoonzk ckturko burkctn oks vkmkma`cns, o`s `jfnt`s eklaoakrns ` rnmunrb`s, hrkjkb`s y kb`rc`s, bn su acmoackmaýc m`onmma`ckr kctahÿnbkbns qun rnpontkjkc su kbnlës m`csuot`ra`. W`rarrnernckjon `trk pkrtn c` l`strkjkk salpktìk p`roks no krtn "l`bnrc`" ca nc pacturk ca nc krquatnmturk actnra`r y oks m`sks sn `rbnckjkc nc su 4
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr mksk bn kmunrb` m`c no km`l`b` b`lástam`. Nc oatnrkturk sn qunbkjk m`c o`s hrkcbns moësam`s y uc manrt` hust` p`r ok c`vnok p`oamìkmk y p`r o`s kut`rns m`ctnstktkra`s. Znspnmt` k ok lösamk y no tnktr` m`cmrntklnctn luy p`m` sncsajon, k baenrncmak bn su hust` p`r ok m`mack m`tabakck, y p`r supunst`, bn su pksaýc p`r o`s mahkrr`s k o`s qun kbfubamkjk uc p`bnr nstaluokctn s`jrn ok mkpkmabkb bn trkjkf` y su kut` m`ctr`o. Nc nstk áp`mk ok ]`manbkb bn o`s Laárm`ons m`cstk bn banmasantn lanljr`s. ]n actnhrk @tt` Zkci m`l` snmrntkra` k sunob` bn ok ]`manbkb bn o`s Laárm`ons. Dkjìkc onh`s (c`-lábam`s) m`l` Duh` Dnoonr (oajrnr` y nbat`r), Lkx Hrke (no pkbrn bno pnqunû` Dkcs, pr`tkh`castk bn uc` bn o`s lës mnonjrns mks`s eutur`s bn Ernub).Nctrn o`s lábam`s bnstkmkjkc Wkuo Enbnrc, Asab`r ]kbhnr, Nbukrb Datsmdlkcc. Nsmrajn no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok pralnrk nbamaýc bn ok "Znm`paokmaýc bn ncsky`s s`jrn ok tn`rìk bn oks cnur`sas bn o`s kû`s ;41: k ;175" qun sn pujoamk nstn kû`. ]n pujoamkc "Ok snxukoabkb nc ok nta`o`hìk bn oks cnur`sas", "No psam`kcëoasas y ok acstrummaýc e`rncsn" , ok "Mkrtk k Lkhcus Darsmdenob 6 Ace`rln lncsuko bn ok M`lasaýc Manctìeam`-dulkcatkrak, Onapzah, enjrnr`", y " B`s mkrtks k Xaodnol Eoanss" nc ok `jrk bn Z. Wenccach ooklkbk " Xaodnol Eoanss y sus m`ctacukb`rns, @. Xnacachnr y D. ]w`j`bk". Nc nstn kû` y eackolnctn r`lpn pöjoamklnctn m`c Eoanss. ;178 Acamak no trktklanct` psam`kckoìtam` bn Nrcst Okcznr, no D`ljrnbn oks Zktks ("Zkttnclkcc") (:1 kû`s). Burý lnc`s bn uc kû` y eun nxat`s`. Nstn mks` sn m`cvartaý nc uc l`bno` tnýram` y támcam` bn ok cnur`sas `jsnsavk. Wujoamk uc jrnvn krtìmuo` ooklkb` "Mkrtk kjanrtk ko b`mt`r L. Eÿrst". ]n pujoamk ok `jrk "Bnoara` y sunû` nc ok Hrkbavk bn Fncsnc“. ]n pujoamk "O`s kmt`s `jsnsav`s y o`s rat`s rnoaha`s`s", y ok mkrtk barahabk ko nbat`r
Duh` Dnoonr ooklk ooklkbk bk "M`ctnstkmaý "M`ctnstkmaýc c Jajoa`tnmk k uck ncmunstk s`jrn okkpoamkbk". on onmturk mturk y o`s junc`s oajr`s", kbnlës bn uck "Wrnsnctkmaýc bn ok bn psam`o`hìk ;174 Nc jksn ko hrup` bn ok ]`manbkb bn o`s Laárm`ons Ernub eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk bn Uanck. Nc ok pralkvnrk bn nstn kû` sn mnonjrk no pralnr M`chrns` Actnrckma`cko bn Wsam`kcëoasas, nc]kozjurh`. Kooìsn eucbk ok pralnrk pujoamkmaýc psam`kckoìtamk, no Fkdrjumdeÿr psymd`kckoytasmdn ucb psymd`pktd`o`hasmdn E`rsmduchnc m`c Ernuby N. Jonuonr m`l` barnmt`rns y Fuch m`l` nbat`r. ]n actnhrk ko Hrup` bn o`s Laárm`ons ]ëcb`r Enrncmza bn Jubkpnst, kbnlës bn Uìmt`r Rkusi (kj`hkb`), Mkro Eurtluoonr (pr`ens`r bn nsmunok), Dkcs ]kmds (kj`hkb`). Wkskc m`l` vasatkctns K.K. Jraoo (trkbumt`rklnramkc` bn Ernub), Nrcst F`cns, Nb`krb` Xnass (pa`cnr` bno kcëoasas nc Atkoak), y o`s "suaz`s“6 Lkx Natach Natach`c, `c, M. H. Fuch, Oubwah Jacswkc Jacswkchnr, hnr, Ikro Kjrkdk Kjrkdkl l quaác eucbk nstn kû` ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk bn Jnroìc, @sikr Weastnr, O`u-Kcbrnks ]ko`lá. Uasatk p`r snhucbk vnz Achoktnrrk. ]n pujoamkc ok m`cenrncmak "No mrnkb`r oatnrkra` y no ekctksn`", " Oks ekctksìks dastáramks y su rnokmaýc m`c ok jasnxukoabkb", "No mkrëmtnr y no nr`tasl` kcko", " Oks tn`rìks snxukons acekctaons", " Ok l`rko snxuko muoturko y ok cnrva`sabkb l`bnrck", y no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Xaodnol ]tnino ooklkb` "Nstkb`s cnrva`s`s bn kchustak y su trktklanct`". ;171 Nc enjrnr` bn nstn kû` sn mksk Lktdaobn Ernub m`c no d`ljrn bn cnh`ma`s vancás Z`jnrt D`ooatsmdnr. Uakfk k X`rmdnstnr, Lksskmdusntts, Nstkb`s ^cab`s. Kooì no ;7 bn ]nptanljrn bn nstn kû` rnmajn bn lkc`s bn H. ]tkcony Dkoo,prnsabnctn bn ok Mokri ^cavnrsaty, no tìtuo` bn b`mt`r d`c`ras mkusk nc onyns. Kbnlës pr`cucmak macm` m`cenrncmaks s`jrn psam`kcëoasas, nc konlëc, nc ok ^cavnrsabkb. O` km`lpkûkr`c Fuch y Enrncmza y o` rnmajanr`c, k su oonhkbk k Cunvk Q`ri, F`cns y Jraoo. Ruv` ok `p`rtucabkb bn nctrnvastkrsn kooì m`c Xaooakl Fklns. ]n okczk no pralnr cölnr` bno Fkdrjumd eÿr psymd`kckoytasmdn ucb psymd`pktd`o`hasmdn E`rsmduchnc m`c ok dast`rak bno
pnqunû`Dkcs ("Kcëoasas bn ok e`jakLkx bn uc bn macm` nc nook. No Dkcs (> kû`s) nrk daf` bno lusam`oýh` Hrkecaû` quaác dkjìk kû`s") sab` lanljr` bnopnqunû` Hrup` bn o`s Laárm`ons burkctn kohuc`s kû`s. Nstn mks` euá uc sahcaeamktav` kp`rtn k ok tn`rìk bno 1
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr m`lponf` bn Nbap` y bn ok rnprnsaýc. No pralnr` bn bamanljrn bn nstn kû` nxp`cn kctn ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk bn Uanck no trkjkf` "^c rnmunrb` acekctao bn On`ckrb` bk Uacma". ]n pujoamkc "Hncnrkoabkbns s`jrn no ktkqun dastáram`", "Ok c`vnok eklaoakr bno cnurýtam`", y no dast`rako bno d`ljrn bn oks rktks "^c mks` bn cnur`sas `jsnsavk" nsmrat` b`s kû`s kctns. ;1;7 ]n rnkoazk no M`chrns` Wsam`kckoìtam` bn Cÿrcjnrh. Nc nstn m`chrns` Ernub pr`p`cn ok mrnkmaýc bn uck Ks`makmaýc Wsam`kckoìtamk Actnrckma`cko. Bk ok m`cenrncmak s`jrn "Oks pnrspnmtavks euturks bn ok tnrkpak psam`kckoìtamk"9 y pujoamk "]`jrn no psam`kcëoasas saovnstrn", "^c rnmunrb` acekctao bn On`ckrb` Bk Uacma", " ]`jrn no snctab` kctatátam` bn oks v`mns pralatavks", "M`ctrajuma`cns ko ]alp`sa` s`jrn no suamaba`", "]`jrn uc tap` nspnmako bn ok nonmmaýc bn `jfnt` `jfnt` nc no d`ljrn", " M`cmnp M`cmnpt` t` psam`kckoìtam` bn oks oks pnrturjkma`cn pnrturjkma`cnss psamýhncks bn ok vasaýc", " Nfnlpo`s bn mýl` o`s cnurýtam`s rnvnokc sus ekctksìks pktýhncks", "^c nfnlpo` tìpam` bn uc sunû` nbìpam` baserkzkb`", uck "Mkrtk ko Br. Eranbramds. Irkusss`jrn ok Kctr`p`pdytnak nc o`s Kckons pkrk nstuba`s e`oioýram` sn acvnstahkma`cns s`jrn ok nv`oumaýc bn ok l`rko snxuko, y eackolnctn uck rnsnûk bno trkjkf` bn Xaodnol Cnutrk ooklkb` "Mkrtks k lufnrns cnrva`sks". ;1;; Jkf` ok aceouncmak bn Nrcst F`cns sn eucbk ok Ks`makmaýc Wsam`kckoìtamk Klnramkck. ]n eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk bn Cunvk Q`ri. ]n mnonjrk no M`chrns` bn Wsam`kcëoasas bn Xnalkr. Fuch ns rnnonhab` m`l` prnsabnctn bn ok Ks`makmaýc Wsam`kckoìtamk Actnrckma`cko. K nstk koturk yk sn dkmn lës c`t`ra` no lkonstkr n acm`l`babkb bn Fuch ernctn ko alpnra` bn ok kut`rabkb bn Ernub. No quanjrn m`c Kbonr sn
dkmn bneacatav`. kjkcb`ck ok bn ]`manbkb bn Uanck. ]n pujoamk uc]ntnrmnr krtìmuo` támcam`6 "No us` Kbonr bn ok actnrprntkmaýc o`s sunû`s nc no psam`kcëoasas". pujoamk "O`s b`s pracmapa`s bno sumnbnr psìquam`", "@jsnrvkma`cns psam`kckoìtamks s`jrn uc mks` bn pkrkc`ak (bnlnctak pkrkc`abns) kut`ja`hrëeamklnctn bnsmrat` (]mdrnjnr), " No sahcaeamkb` bn ok koatnrkmaýc koatnrkmaýc bn ok okss v`mkons", "¡ "¡Hrkcbn Hrkcbn ns Ba Bakck kck Nensak Nensak!", !", "M`ctraju "M`ctrajumaýc maýc ko nstub nstuba` a` s`jrn no `ovab` bn c`ljrns pr`pa`s",o`s "Khrnhkb`s k ok Actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s ]unû`s", uck rnsnûk bn ok `jrk bn H. Hrnvn " ]`jrn psam`o`hìk y psam`tnrkpak bn manrt`s nstkb`s kchusta`s`s", kchusta` s`s", uck C`tk ko pan bn bnoo krtìmuo` bn X. ]tnino ooklkb` " ]`jrn ok psam`o`hìk bn bnoo nxdajama`casl`", y uck C`tk ko pan bno krtìmuo` bn Fklns F. Wutlkc trkbumab` p`r Ernub y ooklkb` "]`jrn ok nta`o`hìk y trktklanct` bn oks psam`cnur`sas". Nc nstn kû` nsmrajn no krtìmuo`" O`s O`s sunû` sunû`ss nc no e`o e`oio`rn" io`rn" qu qunn snrë pujoamkb pujoamkb`` nc ;1> ;1>88 y tkljaá tkljaácc "]`jrn psam`kcëoasas" qun o` snrë nc ;1;=. ;1;: F`cns pr`p`cn e`rlkr uc M`latá mnrrkb` (F`cns, Enrncmza, Zkci, Kjrkdkl, ]kmds) nc t`rc` k Ernub bkbk ok nv`oumaýc pnoahr`sk qun nstkjkc t`lkcb` o`s m`ceoamt`s bn p`bnr ko actnra`r bn ok Ks`makmaýc Wsam`kc Wsam`kckoìtamk koìtamk Actnrckma`c Actnrckma`cko. ko. Wujoamk o`s krtìmuo`s s`jrn támcamk "]`jrn ok bacëlamk bn ok trksenrncmak"9 y "M`csnf`s ko lábam` s`jrn no trktklanct` psam`kckoìtam`". Nc lkrz` bn nstn kû` Ernub pujoamk nc ok rnmaác nbatkbk rnvastk Alkh` no pralnr` bn o`s krtìmuo`s qun m`lp`cbrìkc "R`tnl y Rkjö" y qun trktk bno d`rr`r ko acmnst`. ]n pujoamk no Kpácbamn ko mks` ]mdrnjnr nsmrat` nc ;1;;. Kbnlës sn pujoamkc "]`jrn o`s tap`s bn kbquasamaýc bn ok cnur`sas", " ]`jrn uck bnhrkbkmaýc hncnrko bn ok vabk nrýtamk. Kp`rtkma`cns Kp`rtkma` cns k ok psam`o`h psam`o`hìk ìk bn ok vabk nrýtamk", "M`ctrajuma`c "M`ctrajuma`cns ns ko ]alp`sa` s`jrn ok lksturjkmaýc", "Kohucks `jsnrvkma`cns s`jrn no m`cmnpt` bn o` acm`csmanctn nc psam`kcëoasas" y " Wnbab` k o`s psam`kckoastks bn nfnlpo`s bn sunû`s bn ok acekcmak bn uc sahcaeamkb` nspnmako". ;1;= Nc ncnr` bn nstn kû` sn mksk ]`pdan Ernub m`c no e`týhrke` dkljurhuás Lkx
Dkojnrstkbt. Jkf` okeucbk aceouncmak bn NrcstWsam`kckoìtamk F`cns sn eucbk ok ]`manbkb bn O`cbrns. Enrncmza ok ]`manbkb bn Jubkpnst bn Wsam`kckoìtamk ok muko skobrìkc bnstkmkb`s kckoastks m`l` Erkcz Konxkcbnr, ]ëcb`r Zkbý, Lamdno Jkoact, Hnzk Zýdnal, ;7
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr Zncn ]patz, ntm. Nc snptanljrn bn nstn kû` sn rnkoazk no M`chrns` Actnrckma`cko bn Wsam`kcëoasas Wsam`kcë oasas bn Lucamd pr prnsabab` nsabab` p`r M. H. Fuch, nc lnba` bbnn uc acklast`s` kl kljanctn janctn oonc` bn ravkoabkbns, basmrnpkcmaks tnýramks pr`eucbks, rnsnctalanct`s y bnsm`ceakczks lutuks. Ounh` bno M`chrns` no quanjrn bn Fuch m`c Ernub sn daz` bneacatav` y va`onct`. Nc bneacatavk Ernub Ernub tnrlack no muk mukrt` rt` y öotal` krtìmuo` bn "R`tnl y Rkjö". Wu Wujoamk joamk uc cunv` krtìmuo` s`jrn támcamk6 "]`jrn ok acamakmaýc bno trktklanct`". ]n pujoamkc "^c sunû` m`l` tnstal`ca`", "]unû`s m`c tnlks bn munct`s acekctaons", "No tnlk bn o`s trns m`erns", "B`s lnctarks acekctaons", " Nxpnrancmaks y nfnlpo`s bn ok prëmtamk kckoìtamk", "Oks basp`sama`cns k ok cnur`sas `jsnsavk", "No löotapon actnrás bno psam`kcëoasas", "]unû`s acekctaons m`c uc sahcaeamkb` nspnmako", "]`jrn psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r, no Wrýo`h` ko oajr` bn F`dc Hrnh`ry J`urin J`urin ooklkb` "Nonln "Nonlnct`s ct`s nsmkt`oýham nsmkt`oýham`s `s nc oks m`stuljrns, o`s us`s, oks mrnncmaks, y no bnrnmd` m`csuntubackra` bn o`s punjo`s", no Wrnekma` ko oajr` bn @sikr Weastnr "No lát`b` psam`kckoìtam`. ^ck nxp`samaýc nlpìram` sastnlëtamk", no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Lkxal ]tnacnr ooklkb`" O`s trkst`rc`s psìquam`s bn ok p`tncmak lksmuoack". ;1;2 M`lanczk ok Wralnrk Hunrrk Lucbako. Fuch rncucmak k ok prnsabncmak bn ok Ks`makmaýcc Actnrckma`cko Ks`makmaý Actnrckma`cko.. Ernub pujoamk su sáptal` krtìmuo` bn ok snran támcamk6 "Znm`rbkr, rnpntar y rnnokj`rkr". Ernub pujoamk no krtìmuo` "No L`asás bn Lahuno Ëchno". ]n pujoamk "Actr`bummaýc ko ckrmasasl`“. Kbnlës sn pujoamkc "Ok ekussn rnm`cckasskcmn bnfk rkm`ctá burkctn no kcëoasas", "Dast`rak bno l`valanct` psam`kckoìtam`", "Znprnsnctkmaýc bn ok Hrkc Kzkûk nc no sunû`", sunû`", "]`jrn ok psam`o`hìk bno m`on m`onhako". hako". Kbnlës nsmrajn nsmrajn ok "Dast`rak bn uck cnur`sas acekctao (No D`ljrn bn o`s O`j`s) " qun snrë pujoamkbk nc ;1;4. ;1;> Wujoamk uc c`vnc` trkjkf` s`jrn támcamk6 "Wuctukoazkma`cns s`jrn no kl`r bn trksenrncmak". Wujoamk "Wuosa`cns y bnstac`s bn puosaýc" nc no muko lkctancn ok abnk bn ok puosaýc m`l` rnprnsnctkctn psìquam` bn o`s nstìluo`s s`lëtam`s, "Ok rnprnsaýc" nc no muko vunovn rnucar m`cmnptukolnctn k t`b`s o`s lnmkcasl`s bnencsav`s nc t`rc` ko bn ok rnprnsaýc, y" O` acm`csmanctn" nc no qun acsastn nc ok fustaeamkmaýc y cnmnsabkb bn uc b`laca` b`cbn `pnrkc onyns rahur`sks y m`ceoamt`s bacëlam`s bn o`s mukons dky lunstrk nc ok pkt`o`hìk y ok c`rlkoabkb. Ernub kcucmaý b`mn krtìmuo`s s`jrn no tnlk, pnr` sýo` pujoamý nst`s trns nstn kû`. Nc nstn kû` nsmrajn ok "Kbamaýc lntkpsam`oýhamk k ok tn`rìk bn o`s sunû`s" y ok "Ok keoammaýc y ok lnokcm`oìk" qun snrìkc pujoamkbks nc ;1;8. Rkljaác sn pujoamkc " M`lucamkmaýc bn uc mks` bn pkrkc`ak m`ctrkra` k ok tn`rìk psam`kckoìtamk", ok " Mkrtk ko Br. Ernbnrai vkc Nnbnc, y ok "Mkrtk k ok Brk. Dnrlacn v`c Duh-Dnoolutd", y no Wrýo`h` k ok tnrmnrk nbamaýc bn " Rrns ncsky`s s`jrn uck tn`rìk snxuko". BNMKBK BN O@] ]N]NCRK
(;1;5-;1:5) (;1;5-;1 :5) YNo bnsp bnspoanh oanhun un lntkpsam` lntkpsam`oýh oýham`6 am`6 no :b` :b`.. l`bno` bn kpkr kpkrkt` kt` lnc lnctko tko (nstrumturko)\ ;1;5 ]n pujoamk no krtìmuo` nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r s`jrn "O` pnrnmnbnr`". Rkljaác sn pujoamkc "]ìlao lat`oýham` bn uck rnprnsnctkmaýc `jsnsavk poëstamk", "^ck rnokmaýc nctrn uc sìlj`o` sìlj`o` y uc sìc sìct`lk", t`lk", "Kohu "Kohuc`s c`s tap`s mkrkmtnrìstam mkrkmtnrìstam`s `s rnvnokb`s p`r no ppsam`kcëoasa sam`kcëoasas", s", y uck C`tk ko pan bno krtìmuo` bn Nrcst F`cns ooklkb` "No pr`ens`r Fkcnt y no psam`kcëoasas". ;1;8 Ok hunrrk lucbako sn dk snhuab` nxtncbancb` y ok satukmaýc hncnrko y ok b`lástamk dk nlpn`rkb`. nlpn`rkb`. No ëcal` bn Ernub sn dkmn mkbk vnz lës klkrh` y nsmáptam` y m`ctrkra` k ok va`oncmak bnsktkbk. O`s km`ctnmalanct`s sn dkmnc mkbk vnz lës ho`jkons. Nc Zusak dk
`murrab` ok Znv`oumaýc bn Enjrnr` y p`stnra`rlnctn dkpsam`kcëoasas". ksulab` no ráhalnc j`omdnvaqun no m`ctr`o bno pkìs. ]n pujoamk no tnxt` "Actr`bummaýc ko Kbnlës sn pujoamkc "^ck baeamuotkb bno psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r, "^c rnmunrb` bn acekcmak nc ;;
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr W`nsìk y Unrbkb bn H`ntdn", "]`jrn oks trkslutkma`cns bn o`s acstact`s y nspnmakolnctn bno nr`tasl` kcko". Ok "Kbamaýc lntkpsam`oýhamk k ok tn`rìk bn o`s sunû`s" y "Buno` y lnokcm`oìk" eunr`c nsmrat`s nc ;1;> y sn pujoamkr`c nstn kû`. ;1;4 Ok hunrrk m`lanczk bnmababklnctn k harkr. ]n pr`bumn uck hrkc m`ctrk`encsavk koakbk m`ctrk o`s konlkcns y eackolnctn ok hunrrk tnrlack. ]n pujoamkc "No tkjö bn ok varhacabkb" nsmratk nc ;1;8, "Dast`rak bn uck cnur`sas acekctao (No D`ljrn bn o`s O`j`s)" nsmratk nc ;1;2. ]n rnkoazk, bnspuás bn macm` kû`s, no M`chrns` Actnrckma`cko bn Wsam`kcëoasas nc Jubkpnst. ;1;1 ]n earlkc o`s trktkb`s bn pkz bn oks p`tncmaks koakbks m`c Konlkcak y Kustrak. Ok satukmaýc bn ok p`jokmaýc ns pkupárralk y ok bno pr`pa` Ernub y su eklaoak. No basmìpuo` Uìmt`r Rkusi sn suamabk. Nrcst F`cns eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk Jratëcamk. ]n pujoamk ok m`cenrncmak "Cunv`s mklac`s bn ok tnrkpak psam`kckoìtamk“. Ns uc nsmrat` támcam`. ]ýo` vnactn kû`s lës tkrbn v`ovnrìk k nsmrajar s`jrn támcamk Rkljaác sn pujoamkc "Nc lnl`rak bn Fklns F. Wutckl", "Ok nbat`rako psam`kckoìtamk actnrckma`cko y o`s prnla`s pkrk trkjkf`s psam` psam`kckoìtam`s" kckoìtam`s",, "Actr`bummaýc ko ]a ]alp`sa` lp`sa` s`jrn oks cnur`sas cnur`sas bn hunrrk", "Wnhkck uc caû`", " Nc lnl`rak bn Uìmt`r Rkusi", no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Rdn`b`r Znai " Wr`jonlks bn ok psam`o`hìk bn oks rnoaha`cns", "O` sacanstr`", ok "Mkrtk k ok Brk. Dnrlacn v`c Duh-Dnoolutd", " ]`jrn ok ncsnûkczk bno psam`kcëoasas nc ok ucavnrsabkb" nsmrat` nc ;1;4, y "N.R.K. D`eelkc s`jrn ok eucmaýc bn o` m`csmanctn“ ;1:7 Ekoonmn ]`pdan Ernub k rkìz bn ucknccnul`cìk, párbabk qun f` euáy arrnpkrkj arrnpkrkjon on pkrksöjatklnctn ok eklaoak y qun Ernub trktý bn s`jr s`jrnoonvkr noonvkr jksn k su rutack bn trkjk trkjkf` su rneonxaýc. K pkrtar bn nstn kû` sn pujoamk uc tnrmnt` bn pnqunûks pnr` eucbklnctkons `jrks nc oks qun Ernub nxp`cn no cunv` l`bno` bn kpkrkt` lnctko, no nstrumturko, qun snrë no pkrkbahlk tnýra tnýram` m` bn ok acvnstahkmaýc ernubak ernubakck ck bnsbn nstn l`lnct` nc kbnokctn kbnokctn n actnhrkcb` uck p`samaýc bukoastk jësamk nc ok tn`rìk bn oks puosa`cns ko pr`p`cnr ok nxastncmak bn ok puosaýc bn lunrtn nc ok pralnrk bn nstks `jrks, ns bnmar, "Lës kooë bno pracmapa` bno pokmnr“. ]n pujoamkc " ]`jrn ok psam`hácnsas bn uc mks` bn d`l`snxukoabkb enlncack", "Wkrk ok prndast`rak bn ok támcamk psam`kckoìtamk", " Nc lnl`rak bno Br. Kct`c v`c Ernucb“, Ernucb“, "Ks`makmaýc bbnn abnks bn uck caû caûk k bn muktr` kû`s", kû`s", no Wrýo`h` bn ok mukrtk nbamaýc bn "Rrns ncsky`s s`jrn uck tn`rìk snxuko", "M`lponlnct`s k ok tn`rìk `cìramk ", y no krtìmuo` "Lnl`rëcbul s`jrn no trktklanct` noámtram` bn oks cnur`sas bn hunrrk" qun snrìk pujoamkb` pujoamkb` nc ;1>>. ]n rnkoazk no pralnr M`ch M`chrns` rns` Actnrckma` Actnrckma`cko cko bn Wsam`kcëo Wsam`kcëoasas asas bn ok p`shunrrk nc Ok Dkyk y no öotal` ko qun ksastarìk Ernub. Nstk vnz ksastaý m`c su dafk Kcck, euturk psam`kck psam`kckoastk. oastk. Nrcst F`cns eucbk nc O`cbrns no Actnrckta`c Actnrckta`cko ko F`urcko `e Wymd`-Kckoysas ;1:; Ernub ns c`ljrkb` lanljr` d`c`rkra` bn ok ]`manbkb D`okcbnsk bn Wsaquaktrks y Cnurýo`h`s. Nstk bámkbk lkrmk ok prnsncmak bno psam`kcëoasas nc ok muoturk ucavnrsko y m`c áo bn ok eahurk hahkctnsmk bn ]ahlucb Ernub. Kustrak trktk bn bnskrr`ookrsn y o` o`hrk, pnr` dky uck uck hrkc l`vao l`vaoazkmaýc azkmaýc s`m s`mako ako m`c ok kpkramaýc bbnn o`s l`valan l`valanct`s ct`s rkbamk rkbamkons, ons, ckma`ckoastks y kctasnlatks qun bnfkrëc mknr no d`rr`r s`jrn Nur`pk nc o`s prýxal`s kû`s. ]n pujoamk no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Fklns F. Wutckl "Nsmrat`s s`jrn psam`kcëoasas" y no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn F. Ukrncb`cmi "]`jrn no pncsklanct` ekctksnkctn prnm`csmanctn". Nc nstn kû` sn pujoamk ok `jrk "Wsam`o`hìk bn oks lksks y kcëoasas bno y`", tnxt` qun sahun ok oìcnk bn "Rýtnl y tkjö" y bn "Lës kooë bno pracmapa` bno pokmnr". ]n trktk bn uck acvnstahkmaýc bn ok bacëlamk bn oks luotatubns bnsbn ok pnrspnmtavk bn ok psam`o`hìk
psam`kckoìtamk acbavabuko. Kbnlës "M`cmnsaýc bn prnla`s", "Znsulnc bnsnrìk uck mkrtk k Nbukrb` Mokpkrnbn". Nc sn nstnpujoamkc kû` nsmrajn "Wsam`kcëoasas y tnonpktìk " qun pujoamkb` nc ;12;. ;:
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr ;1:: Kcck Ernub achrnsk achrnsk k ok ]`manbkb Wsam` Wsam`kckoìtamk kckoìtamk bn Uanc Uanck. k. ]n pujoamk "No sunû` y ok tnonpktìk". ]n pujoamkc "]`jrn kohuc`s lnmkcasl`s cnurýtam`s nc o`s mno`s, ok pkrkc`ak y ok d`l`snxukoabkb", d`l`snxukoabkb", no "Kpácba "Kpácbamn mn ko Kcëoasas bn ok e`jak bn uc caû` bn macm` kû`s (Fukcat`) ", "M`cmurs` bn trkjkf`s psam`kckoìtam`s", no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Zkyl`cb bn ]kussurn No lát`b` psam`kckoìtam`, "@jsnrvkma`cns s`jrn no acm`csmanctn“. Nstn kû` nsmrajn "Ok mkjnzk bn Lnbusk" qun snrìk pujoamkb` nc;127. ;1:= K lnbakb` lnbakb`ss bn enjrnr` Ernub sn pnrmktk bno mrnmalanc mrnmalanct` t` bn uck onum`poksak nc su lkxaokr y pkokbkr. Nc kjrao sn `pnrk. Nc fuca` lunrn su qunrab` cant` Dnacnon, daf` lnc`r bn ]`pdan bn muktr` kû`s. ]n suamabk su s`jrack Mknmaoan Hrke. ]n pujoamkc "No psam`kcëoasas y ok tn`rìk bn ok oìjab`", "@jsnrvkma`cns s`jrn ok tn`rìk y ok prëmtamk bn ok actnrprntkmaýc `cìramk" nsmrat` nc ;1::, "^ck cnur`sas bnl`cìkmk nc no saho` TUAA" tkljaác nsmratk no kû` kctnra`r, "F`sne W`ppnr-Oycinus y ok tn`rìk `cìramk", no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Lkx Natach`c ooklk ooklkb` b` "Ace`rln s`jrn no W`oamoìcam` W`oamoìcam` psam`kckoìtam` psam`kckoìtam` bn Jnroìc", ok mkrtk k Ouìs Oýpnz-Jkoonstnr`s y bn R`rrns, y no tnxt` "K ]kcb`r Enrncmza". Wujoamk "Ok `rhkcazkmaýc hncatko acekctao (uck actnrp`okmaýc nc ok tn`rìk bn ok snxukoabkb)". Wujoamk uck bn sus öotalks hrkcbns `jrks tnýramks6 "No y` y no noo`". ;1:2 ]n pujoamk ok " Mkrtk k ok rnvastk On basqun vnrt", no krtìmuo` nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r ooklkb` "Cnur`sas y psam`sas", tkljaác "No pr`jonlk nm`cýlam` bno lks`quasl`", "No eacko bno m`lponf` bn Nbap`", "Ok párbabk bn rnkoabkb nc ok cnur`sas y ok psam`sas", "Nsqunlk bno psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` nc ;1:=, no "Znsulnc bn uck mkrtk k Eratz Xattnos" nsmrat` nc
;1:= yZavanrn ok "M`lucamkmaýc "M`luc amkmaýc Nbat`r". Nbat`r". Wkpnrs Nctrn nstn kû` y no sahuanctn huanctnv`oölncns, Fkln Fklns, s, Koaxdnmd` ]trkmdny F`kc pujoamkc o`sbno M`oonmtnb bn Ernub ncsa muktr` luyy alp`rtkctn pkrk o`s mkcbabkt`s qun c` skjìkc konlëc. ;1:> Nc fuca` bn nstn kû` lunrn k o`s `mdnctk y trns kû`s F`sne Jrnunr. K ok nbkb bn mukrnctk y `md` kû`s y pr`bumt` bn uck ncenrlnbkb mkcmnr`sk puol`ckr, lunrn Ikro Kjrkdkl.. ]n pujoamk no krtìmuo` nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r ooklkb` "Ok pazkrrk lëhamk“. Kjrkdkl Kbnlës sn pujoamkc "Ok mkrtk s`jrn ok p`samaýc ernctn ko fubkìsl`", "Lncskfn pkrk ok ackuhurkmaýc bn ok ^cavnrsabkb Dnjrnk", no "Nstuba` kut`ja`hrëeam`" nsmrat` nc ;1:2, "Oks rnsastncmaks m`ctrk no psam`kcëoasas" tkljaác nsmrat` no kû` kctnra`r, no Wrnekma` pkrk no oajr` bn Kuhust Kamdd`rc ooklkb` "Fuvnctub bnsklpkrkbk. No psam`kcëoasas nc no rne`rlkt`ra`", "Nc lnl`rak bn F`sne Jrnunr", "Ok cnhkmaýc", "O`s oìlatns bn ok actnrprntkjaoabkb bn o`s sunû`s", "Kohucks m`csnmuncmaks psìquamks bn ok baenrncmak snxuko kcktýlamk", "Ok sahcaeamkmaýc `muotastk bno sunû`", "Ok rnsp`cskjaoabkb l`rko p`r no m`ctncab` bn o`s sunû`s". BNMKBK BN O@] ]NRNCRK
(;1:5-;1=>) YRanlp` bn párbabks y hunrrk6 ok cunvk lntkpsam`o`hìk kpoamkbk k ok muoturk y ok rnoahaýc\ ;1:5 ]n pujoamk ok Mkrtk s`jrn no kcëoasas pr`ekc` ko nbat`r bn ok Znvastk Cnun Ernan Wrnssn, tkljaác tkljaác o`s krtìmuo` krtìmuo`ss "K Z`lkac Z`ookc Z`ookcb", b", "Nc lnl`rak bn Ik Ikro ro Kjrkdkl" , oks C`tks pkrk no trkjkf` bn N. Wamw`rtd Ekrr`w ooklkb` "^c rnmunrb` acekctao bno snxt` lns bn vabk", "Wsam`kcëoasas6 Nsmunok Ernubakck", uck C`tk ko pan s`jrn Dnrach nc no oajr` bn Asrkno Onvacn s`jrn "O` acm`csmanctn", uck Mkrtk k Ons Mkdanrs M`ctnlp`rkacns s`jrn no munsta`ckra` "Ku bnoç bn o‑kl`ur". Nstn kû` nsmrajn ok mkrtk k o`s lanljr`s bn ok
]`manbkb J‑cka J‑ratd pujoamkbk nc ;12;y mkrtkokkmunstaýc Bkvab Nbnr snrë pujoamkbk nc ;12;. Nstnqun kû`snrë sn pujoamk uc pnqunû` oajr`oks`jrn bno "Noqun kcëoasas pr`ekc`" tkljaác c`ljrkb` m`l` "°Wunbnc o`s onh`s nfnrmnr no kcëoasas0“ ]n pujoamk ;=
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr tkljaác no krtìmuo` nsmrat` nc ;1:> ooklkb` "Acdajamaýc, sìct`lk y kchustak“. ]n eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk Wsam`kckoìtamk nc Erkc Erkcmak. mak. ]n nbatk ok Znvun Erkcmkasn bn Wsymd Wsymdkckoysn. kckoysn. ;1:8 ]n pujoamk no Kpácbamn k ok basmusaýc s`jrn "No kcëoasas pr`ekc`" nsmratk nc ;1:5. Rkljaác sn pujoamkc no "Entamdasl`", no Kpácbamn ko nstuba` s`jrn "No L`asás bn Lahuno Ëchno" nsmrat` nsmrat` nc ;1; ;1;2, 2, y "No dul` dul`r". r". Wujoamk "No p`rvnc p`rvncar ar bn uck aaousaýc". ousaýc". ;1:4 K eacns e acns bn kû` lunrn Xaodnol Eoanss. ]n pujoamk "^ck nxpnrancmak rnoaha`sk" nsmratk no kû` kctnra`r y "B`st`anvsiy y no pkrramaba`" tkljaác nsmratk nc ;1:8. ;1:1 ]n pujoamk "K Nrcst F`cns nc su >7¶ kcavnrskra`", ok "Mkrtk k Lkxal Onr`y s`jrn uc sunû` bn Bnsmkrtns" y nsmrajn ok mkrtk k Qaj` pujoamkbk nc ;1>2. ;1=7 ]umnbn no "Lkrtns Cnhr`" bno :1 bn @mtujrn nc ok J`osk bn Cunvk Q`ri. Ok "Hrkc Bnprnsaýc" dk m`lnczkb`. Ok maubkb bn Erkcie`rt on `t`rhk no Wrnla` H`ntdn. Nc snptanljrn lunrn k o`s c`vnctk y macm` kû`s Klkoak Cktdkcs`dc, lkbrn bn ]ahlucb Ernub. ]n pujoamk ok `jrk nsmratk no kû` kctnra`r ooklkbk "No lkonstkr nc ok muoturk“. Kbnlës sn pujoamkc no Wrýo`h` bno e`oont` "Bámal` kcavnrskra` bno Acstatut` Wsam`kckoìtam` bn Jnroìc", no "Lncskfn pkrk ok Lnbamko Znvanw `e Znvanws, ok Mkrtk ko Br. Koe`cs Wkqunt, no Basmurs` nc ok mksk bn H`ntdn, ok mkrtk k Rdn`b`r Znai, y nsmrajn no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok nbamaýc dnjrnk bn ok "Actr`bummaýc ko Wsam`kcëoasas" (pujoamkbk nc;1=2), no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok nbamaýc dnjrnk bn Rýtnl y Rkjö (pujoamkbk nc ;1=2), b`s mkrtks k Zamdkrb Eokttnr
(pujoamkbks ;1>;),m`c y uck mkrtkJuooat, k Fuoanttn J`ut`canr pujoamkbk c`rtnklnramkc`, nc ;1>>. Nc nstnnckû` m`lanczk k nc trkjkfkr Xaooakl pnra`bastk y bapo`lëtam` uc "nstuba` psam`oýham`" bn ok pnrs`ckoabkb bno Wrnsabnctn bn o`s Nstkb`s ^cab`s X``br`w Xaos`c. ;1=; Nstn kû` mulpon sntnctk y macm` kû`s y kbnlës bn oks löotapons m`chrktuokma`cns qun on oonhkr`c, nctrn nooks uck bn Kojnrt Nacstnac, ok ]`manbkb bn Lábam`s bn Uanck sn pr`pus` dkmnro` lanljr` d`c`rkra` o` qun kmnptý erìklnctn. Rkljaác nc su mksk cktko bn Wraj`r, L`rkvak, sn m`o`mý uck pokmk m`clnl`rkt`rak k ok qun Ernub baý hrkc alp`rtkcmak. Ksastanr`c Kcck y Lkrtìc Ernub, kbnlës bn Enbnrc y Natach`c. ]n pujoamkc "]`jrn o`s tap`s oajabackons", oks Wkokjrks prnoalackrns pkrk no oajr` bn Nb`krb` Xnass "Nonlnct`s bn Wsam`kcëoasas" nsmratks nc ;1=7, "Ok pnramak e`rncsn nc no pr`mns` Dkoslkcc" nsmratk nc ;1=7, ok "Mkrtk ko jurh`lknstrn bn Wrìj`r", ok Mkrtk ko Wkuo Enbnrc, no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok tnrmnrk nbamaýc achonsk bn "Ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s" y ok mkrtk k Hn`rh Eumds. Rkljaác sn pujoamk no krtìmuo` "]`jrn ok snxukoabkb enlncack". ;1=: ]n pujoamkc "Ok m`cquastk bno eunh`" nsmratk nc ;1=;, no Wrnekma` pkrk no oajr` bn Dnrlkcc Cucjnrh ooklkb` "Rn`rìk hncnrko bn oks cnur`sas jkskbk nc no psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` nc ;1=;, "La rnokmaýc m`c F`sne W`ppnr-Oycinus". Nstn kû` nsmrajn ok mkrtk k Zamdkrb ]tnrjk pujoamkbk nc ;1=5, ;1=5, oks muktr` mk mkrtks rtks k F`snp F`snpdd X`rtas pujoamkbk pujoamkbkss nc;1>2 y "Rd`lks X``br`w Xaos`c, uc nstuba` psam`oýham`" pujoamkb` nc ;158. ]n eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk nc Atkoak. ]n nbatk ok Zavastk Wsamkckoasa. ;1== Nc lky` bn nstn kû` y nc lnba` bn uck kh`cìk eìsamk y psam`oýhamk lunrn ]kcb`r Enrncmza. Ok satukmaýc bn Ernub nlpn`rkjk. ]ulkb` k su ncenrlnbkb y k oks párbabks qun sn sumnbìkc, ok satukmaýc p`oìtamk y nm`cýlamk bn Nur`pk y bn Kustrak nc pkrtamuokr sn khrkvkjk k rkìz bn oks bnubks bn hunrrk y bn ok Hrkc Bnprnsaýc. Ernub bnjìk trkjkfkr bur` m`c sus pkmanctns nxtrkcfnr`s pkrk hkckr sueamanctn bacnr` pkrk su eklaoak y ynrc`s.
O`s m`ceoamt`s actnrc`s rkbamkoazkr`c y o`s ksu nxtrnlastks uotrkbnrnmdastks ckma`ckoastks t`lkr`c no p`bn p`bnr. r. Ncsnncn ncnr` r` Datonr ddkjìk kjìk ksulab` lab` m`l m`l` ` mkcmao mkcmaoonr onr bny Konlkcak. No t`tkoatkrasl` rnprnsav` y kctasnlatk sn bnsktý. Nrkc kû`s qun oonvkr`c k Ernub k uck ;2
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr rnkmnctukmaýc pravkbk y pöjoamk bn su m`cbamaýc bn fubì`. ]n pujoamkc oks "Cunvks kp`rtkma`cns ko psam`kcëoasas" ` "Cunvks m`cenrncmaks bn actr`bummaýc ko psam`kcëoasas". Rkljaác sn pujoamkc "No p`rquá bn ok hunrrk" nsmratk no kû` kctnra`r, "Nc lnl`rak bn ]kcb`r Enrncmza", no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn Lkran J`ckpkrtn ooklkb` "Nbhkr W`n, nstuba` psam`kckoìtam`", oks trns mkrtks k Kcbrá Jrntýc nsmratks nc ;1=:, y kbnlës nsmrajn oks b`s mkrtks k F. O. Lkhcns qun snrëc pujoamkbks nc ;1>2. ]n eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk nc D`okcbk. ;1=2 ]n pujoamkc no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok nbamaýc dnjrnk bn ok "Actr`bummaýc ko psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` nc ;1=7, y no Wrýo`h` pkrk ok nbamaýc dnjrnk bn "Rýtnl y Rkjö" tkljaác nsmrat` nc ;1=7, y nsmrajn ok mkrtk k Dkvno`mi Nooas pujoamkbk nc ;1>2. Lkx Natach`c eucbk ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk nc Fnruskoác. ;1=> Ernub ns c`ljrkb` p`r uckcalabkb lanljr` d`c`rkra` bn ok ]`manbkb Znko bn Lnbamack bn Achoktnrrk. ]n pujoamk no Kpácbamn pkrk ok cunvk nbamaýc bno "Nstuba` kut`ja`hrëeam`", "Ok sutaonzk bn uc kmt` ekooab`", "K Rd`lks Lkcc nc su 57¶ kcavnrskra`", y nsmrajn uck mkrtk s`jrn ok d`l`snxukoabkb qun snrë pujoamkbk nc ;1>;. O@] ^ORAL@] KÛ@]
(;1=5-;1=1) (;1=5-;1 =1) YNo nxaoa` y ok lunr lunrtn tn bn uc nst`am`\ ;1=5 Bnjab`Rd`lks k oks marmucstkcmaks mulponkû`s nspnmakolnctn pravkb` rnsnrvkb`. Lkcc on onyýnstn nc su mksk kctnbnáoErnub y su eun eklaoak no tnxt` "Ernub y noy p`rvncar".. Kbnlës oonhý uck bastac p`rvncar" bastacmaýc maýc qun kprnmaý nc e`rlk pkrtamuokr. pkrtamuokr. Ok Z`yko ]`manty bn O`cbrns o` c`ljrý uc` bn sus lanljr`s, khrnhëcb`sn k pnrs`cks m`l` Cnwt`c y Bkrwac. Kcmakc`, ncenrl` y bnsncmkctkb` sn on bakhc`stamk uck rnkmtavkmaýc bno mëcmnr. ]n pujoamk "^c trkst`rc` bn ok lnl`rak nc ok Kmrýp`oas. Mkrtk kjanrtk k Z`lkac Z`ookcb nc su 87¶ kcavnrskra`", ok Mkrtk k Zamdkrb ]tnrjk y kbnlës nsmrajn no j`rrkb`r bn uck mkrtk k Rd`lks Lkcc y ok mkrtk k Jërjkrk O`w, klj`s tnxt`s pujoamkb`s nc ;12>, y ok mkrtk k Iurt Daoonr pujoamkbk nc ;1>7. ;1=8 Nc enjrnr` lunrn nc H`tachk k o`s sntnctk y macm` kû`s O`u Kcbrnks-]ko`lá. Nc fuca` bn nstn kû` lunrn Koernb Kbonr. ]n pujoamk "Nc lnl`rak bn O`u Kcbrnks-]ko`lá". Rkljaác sn pujoamk "Kcëoasas tnrlackjon n actnrlackjon" y "M`cstrumma`cns nc no kcëoasas". ;1=4 Ok satukmaýc bn Kustrak sn vunovn pn`r. Nc Lkrz` eackolnctn oks tr`pks konlkcks s`c "acvatkbks" k mruzkr ok er`ctnrk dkmak Kustrak. Datonr yk nstë nc Uanck. M`lnczý uck pnrsnmumaýc tnrr`rìeamk m`ctrk t`b`s o`s `p`sat`rns y nc nspnmako m`ctrk o`s fubì`s. Ok mksk y ok rnsabncmak bn Ernub eunr`c m`ctr`okbks. Ok rnputkmaýc bn Ernub nc oks lës kotks nsenrks köc o` pr`tnhìk. No nstkb` bn Ernub nrk luy oalatkctn y sn rnsastìk k bnfkr Uanck. F`cns o` m`cvncmaý snûkoëcb`on qun nrk Uanck ok qun yk o` dkjìk kjkcb`ckb`. Oks m`sks nlpn`rkr`c köc lës. Kcck Ernub eun krrnstkbk p`r ok Hnstkp` no :: bn lkrz`. Eun actnrr`hkbk s`jrn ok Ks`makmaýc Wsam`kckoìtamk Actnrckma`cko y ounh` oajnrkbk. O`s jancns bn ok ]`manbkb Wsam`kckoìtamk bn Uanck, ok jajoa`tnmk y ok nbat`rako eunr`c m`ceasmkb`s. Eackolnctn sn acamaý ok nlahrkmaýc. No macm` bn fuca` nctrkr`c Ernub y sus km`lpkûkctns p`r trnc k Erkcmak nc lnba` bn uck rnmnpmaýc pöjoamk y no snas bn fuca` oonhkjkc k O`cbrns, Achoktnrrk. Ernub sn ko`fk nc =1 Nosw`rtdy Z`kb. Ok km`habk ns luy mëoabk y pr`ct` sn on oonvkc o`s rnhastr`s bn ok Z`yko ]`manty pkrk qun nstklpn su earlk fuct` k oks
bn yrn Bkrwac. K pnskr oks nc löotapons y qunfks ok tnrmnrk pkrtn bno Cnwt`c oajr` s`jrn s`j L`asás. Nctrn bn tk tkct` ct` J`st`c,pntama`cns Dkc Dkcss ]kmds nbatktnrlack ok Klnramkc Alk Alkh` h` nc rnnlpokz` bn ok Alkh` bnstruabk p`r o`s ckzas nc Lkrz` bn nstn kû`. Nc fuoa` o` vasatk no ;>
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr f`vnc y pr`oìeam` tkonct` bno l`valanc l`valanct` t` surrnkoa surrnkoastk stk ]kovkb`r Bkoì. K pnskr bn ok rnkmtavkmaýc rnkmtavkm aýc bno mëc mëcmnr mnr köc kck kckoazkjk oazkjk trns ppkmanctns. kmanctns. Ou Ounh` nh` bn nst` sn lub lubkk k ok khrkbkjon rnsabncmak bn :7 Lkrnseanob Hkrbncs, Dklpstnkb. Nctrn tkct` ok satukmaýc actnrckma`cko sn khrkvk y no kctasnlatasl` sn trkcse`rlk nc uck pnrsnmumaýc d`rr`r`sk köc lky`r. Hrkc mkctabkb bn kckoastks nur`pn`s, kohuc`s onh`s, nlahrkjkc dkmak Nstkb`s ^cab`s. O`cbrns sn m`cvartaý nc no cunv` mnctr` nur`pn` bno psam`kcëoasas. ]n pujoamk k eacns bn nstn kû`, k pnskr bn t`b` y bn t`b`s, no öotal` trkjkf` pr`o`chkb` bn Ernub ooklkb` "L`asás y ok rnoahaýc l`c`tnìstk" y qun rnöcn trns krtìmuo`s nsmrat`s bnsbn no kû` ;1=2. ]n trktk bn "L`asás, nhapma`", "]a L`asás nrk nhapma`" y "L`asás, su punjo` y ok rnoahaýc l`c`tnìstk". . Nctrn fuoa` y snptanljrn bn nstn kû` sn bnbamk k nsmrajar no "Nsqunlk bno psam`kcëoasas". Nsmrajn kbnlës "Kohucks onmma`cns nonlnctkons bn psam`kcëoasas", jrnvn ncsky` babëmtam` qun m`lnczý nc `mtujrn, y "Ok nsmasaýc bno y` nc no pr`mns` bnencsav`", klj`s pujoamkb`s nc ;127. ]n pujoamkc tkljaác "M`lnctkra`s s`jrn no kctasnlatasl`", kctasnlatasl`", "Kctas "Kctasnlatasl` nlatasl` nc Achok Achoktnrrk", tnrrk", ok Mkrtk s`jrn o`s sunû`s k Kcbr Kcbráá Jrntýc. Nsmrajn tkljaác "M`cmousa`cns, abnks, pr`jonlks " pujoamkb` nc ;12;, B`s mkrtks k Bkvab Kjrkdklsnc pujoamkbks nc ;125, snas mkrtks k Fkm`j` Lnatdas pujoamkbks nc ;1>; y trns mkrtks k Rdn`b`r rnai pujoamkbks nc ;1>:. ;1=1 Znmajn ok vasatk bn On`ckrb y Uarhacak X``oe pr`pantkra`s bn D`hkrtd Wrnss, y ástk öotalk, uck c`tkjon nsmrat`rk. Ok ncenrlnbkb sn dkmìk mkbk vnz lës nxtncsk y b`o`r`sk y tnrlackr nstk satukmaýc, pkrk Ernub, mkbk vnz lës bnsnkjon. Ernub sn kp`ykjk y bnpncbìk bnpncb ìk jkstkctn nc nstn tan tanlp` lp` bn su dafk Kcck y bn su lábam` lábam` pnrs`cko Lk Lkxx ]mdur
qun nstkjk bno hncnrkolnctn m`c áo bnsbnm`ceakjk ;1:1 y kd`rk nrk ucy kblarkb`r psam`kcëoasas. Ernub tkct` nc ncO`cbrns. áo qun ]mdur, bnsbn kbnlës, no pracmapa` erkcmklnctn on s`oamatý, y ksì o` km`rbkr`c, qun c` pnrlatanrk qun k rkìz bn ok ncenrlnbkb ok vabk sn on trkcse`rlkrk nc uck t`rturk accnmnskrak. Ksì no pralnr` bn kh`st` bn ;1=1 Ernub tnrlacý bneacatavklnctn su prëmtamk lábamk. Nc snptanljrn Hrkc Jrntkûk nctrk nc hunrrk m`ctrk Konlk Konlkcak cak y nc ookk mksk bn Ern Ernub ub sn t`lk t`lkcc prnmkuma` prnmkuma`cns cns m`ctrk o`s j`ljkrbn`s kárn`s. Ernub tncìk ponck m`cmancmak bn m`l` sn ajk kpkhkcb` y ncm`hancb` su munrp` y su vabk. Nc nst`s bìks sýo` b`rlatkjk y larkjk no fkrbìc. No ;1 bn snptanljrn m`c uc kpkhkb` y kh`tkb` hnst` sn bnspabaý bn Nrcst F`cns. No :; bn snptanljrn Ernub on rnm`rbý k ]mdur no kmunrb`. Ernub qunrìk m`csnrvkr no m`ctr`o s`jrn su vabk y ok bahcabkb nc su nspìratu dkstk no öotal` l`lnct`. Kcck eackolnctn sn racbaý ernctn k ok bnmasaýc bn su pkbrn. Ksì ]mdur no :; bn snptanljrn acynmtý k Ernub trns mnctìhrkl`s bn l`reack. Ernub sn burlaý y ounh` rnpataý ok b`sas y ko bìk sahuanctn, :: bn snptanljrn, on baý uck b`sas eacko. Ernub nctrý nc m`lk y yk c` bnspnrtý lës. K oks trns bn ok lkbruhkbk bno := bn snptanljrn bn ;1=1 ]ahlucb Ernub luraý. KOH^CK] W^JOAMKMA@CN] W@]R^LK]. ;127 ]n pujoamk no "Nsqunlk bno psam`kcëoasas" nsmrat` nc ;1=4, "Kohucks onmma`cns nonlnctkons bn psam`kcëoasas" tkljaác nsmratks nc ;1=4, " Ok mkjnzk bn Lnbusk " nsmratk nc ;1::, "]`jrn ok tn`rìk bno kmmns` dastáram` " nsmrat` m`c F. Jrnunr nc;41:, " Ok nsmasaýc bno y` nc no pr`mns` bnencsav` " nsmrat` nc ;1=4, ok mkrtk k Kcck Ernub Jnrckys nsmratk nc ;1=1. ;12; ]n pujoamk ok mkrtk k F`sne Jrnunr nsmratk nc ;41:, ok C`tk AAA nsmratk nc ;41:, " ^ck prnl`camaýc `cìramk mulpoabk " nsmrat` nc;411, " Wsam`kcëoasas y tnonpktìk " nsmrat` nc;1:;, "Basmurs` k o`s lanljr`s bn ok ]`manbkb J‑cka J‑ratd" nsmrat` nc ;1:5," M`cmousa`cns,
abnks, pr`jonlks nsmrat` nc ;1=4, " J`rrkb`r mkrtk Lkcc "nc nsmrat` ;1=5, uck mkrtk k "Mdkrons Jnrh s`jrn su oajr`" bn Ok uck hunrrk nc kokRd`lks lnctn" nsmratk ;1=1,ncy uck mkrtk s`jrn no Jkmdaoonrkt` nsmratk nc;48=. ;5
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr ;12: ]n pujoamk " Wnrs`ckfns psam`pëtam`s nc no tnktr` " nsmrat` nc ;172. ;12> ]n pujoamk no Wrýo`h` pkrk no oajr` bn F. D`jlkc ooklkb` "BkvabNbnr" nsmrat` nc ;1=1, ok mkrtk k Bkvab Nbnr nsmratk nc ;1:5 y ok mkrtk k Jërjkrk O`w nsmratk nc ;1=5. ;125 ]n pujoamkc oks b`s mkrtks k Bkvab Kjrkdklsnc s`jrn @tt` Xnacachnr. ;124 ]n pujoamk ok mkrtk k o`s nbat`rns bn "No oajr` p`puokr bno psam`kcëoasas". ;1>7 ]n pujoamkc oks "Mkrtks k Xaodnol Eoanss, j`rrkb`rns y c`tks" nsmratksnctrn;448 y ;17: nbatkbks p`r Lkran J`ckpkrtn, Kcck Ernub y Nrcst Iras. Kbnlës sn pujoamk nc "O`s `rìhncns bno psam`kcëoasas" no "Wr`ynmt` bn uck psam`o`hìk pkrk cnurýo`h`s" nsmrat` nc;41>. Rkljaác ok mkrtk k Iurt Daoonr. ;1>; ]n pujoamk ok "Mkrtk s`jrn ok d`l`snxukoabkb" nsmratk nc ;1=>, oks snas mkrtks k Fkm`j` Lnatdas y oks b`s mkrtks k Zamdkrb Eokttnr nc "Wrnhuctks y km`tkma`cns6 ]ahlucb Ernub s`jrn ]dkinspnkrn". ;1>: ]n pujoamkc trns mkrtks k Rdn`b`r Znai nsmratks nc ;1=4 y uck mkrtk k Uìmt`r Jrnunr. ;1>2 ]n pujoamkc b`s mkrtks k F. O.Lkhcns nsmratks nc ;1==, uck mkrtk k Qaj` nsmratk nc ;1:1, uck mkrtk k Dkvno`mi Nooas nsmratk nc ;1=2 y muktr` mkrtks k F`snpd X`rtas nsmratks nctrn ;1=: y ;1=>. ;1>> ]n pujoamk ok "Dast`rak moìcamk `rahacko bno D`ljrn bn oks Zktks" nsmratk nctrn ;178 y ;174. Kbnlës sn pujoamkc banz mkrtks k Krtdur ]mdkatzonr nsmratks nctrn;175 y ;1=;, no "Lnl`rëcbul s`jrn no trktklanct` noámtram` bn oks cnur`sas bn hunrrk" nsmrat` nc ;1:7, oks "B`s s`oamatubns s`jrn `t`rhklanct` bn jnmks pkrk ok acvnstahkmaýc ja`oýhamk" nsmratks nc ;485 y uck mkrtk k Fuoanttn J`ut`canr nsmratk nc ;1=7. ;1>5 ]n pujoamk no "Ace`rln s`jrn las nstuba`s nc Wkrìs y nc Jnroìc" nsmrat` nc ;445. ;1>8 ]n pujoamk "O`s sunû`s nc no e`oio`rn" nsmrat` m`c B. N. @ppncdnal nc;1;;. ;157 ]n pujoamk no "Npast`okra`" nsmrat` nctrn ;48= y ;1=1. ;15= ]n pujoamk ok "M`rrnsp`cbncmak nctrn ]ahlucb Ernub y @sikr Weastnr" nsmratk nctrn ;171 y ;1=1. ;15> ]n pujoamk ok "M`rrnsp`cbncmak nctrn ]ahlucb Ernub y Ikro Kjrkdkl" nsmratk nctrn ;178 y ;1:5. ;155 ]n pujoamk ok "M`rrnsp`cbncmak nctrn ]ahlucb Ernub y O`u Kcbrnks]ko`lá" nsmratk nctrn ;1;: y ;1=5. ;158 ]n pujoamk ok `jrk " Rd`lks X``br`w Xaos`c, uc nstuba` psam`oýham`" nsmratk nc m`okj`rkmaýc m`c Xaooakl M. Juooat nc ;1=:. ;151 ]n pujoamkc "Kohucks bn oks pralnrks mkrtks acábatks bn Ernub" nsmratks nctrn ;48: y ;482.
;8
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr
Ja`hrkeìk ]ahaslucb Ernub, qun, k o`s vnactabýs kû`s, dkjrìk bn mkljakr nsn c`ljrn p`r no bn ]ahlucb, ckmaý nc Ernajnrh, nc ok kctahuk L`rkvak (d`y Wrìj`r, Mdnm`so`vkquak), no 5 bn lky` bn ;4>5. ;4>5. ]u pkbrn eun uc m`lnrmak m`lnrmakctn ctn nc okcks qun qun,, nc no l`lnct` bn ckmnr ckmnr áo, tncìk yk mukrnctk y uc kû`s y b`s daf`s dkjab`s nc uc lktral`ca` kctnra`r9 no lky`r bn noo`s tncìk kpr`xalkbk kpr`xalkbklnctn lnctn ok laslk nbkb qun ok lkbrn bn Ern Ernub ub -vnactn kû` kû`ss lës f`vnc qun su nsp`s`- y nrk, k su vnz, pkbrn bn uc caû` bn uc kû`. Nc su nbkb lkburk, Ernub duj` bn m`lnctkr qun ok alprnsaýc qun on mkusý nstk satukmaýc eklaoakr uc tkct` ncrnbkbk tuv` m`l` m`csnmuncmak ok bn bnspnrtkr su mura`sabkb y khuzkr su actnoahncmak. Nc ;4>1, ok mrasas nm`cýlamk ba` ko trkstn m`c no m`lnrma` pktnrc` y ko kû` sahuanctn ok eklaoak sn trksokbý k Uanck, nc b`cbn vavaý okrh`s kû`s bn baeamuotkbns y nstrnmdnmns, sancb` luy ernmunctns oks tnlp`rkbks nc oks qun, burkctn no rnst` bn su okrhk vabk (ekoonmaý nc `mtujrn `mtujrn bn ;415), no pkbrn sn ncm`c ncm`ctrkrìk trkrìk sac trkjkf`. Ernub bntnstý bntnstý sanlprn ok maubkb nc ok muko, p`r `trk pkrtn, rnsabaý dkstk uc kû` kctns bn su lunrtn, mukcb`, nc fuca` bn ;1=4 y k pnskr bn ok actnrmnsaý actnrmnsaýcc bn Z``snvnot y Luss`oaca, sn va` `joahkb` `joahkb`,, bkbk su m`cbamaýc bn fubì` -sus `jrks dkjìkc sab` qun qunlkbks lkbks nc Jnroìc nc ;1==-, k nlprncbnr no mklac` bno nxaoa` dkmak O`cbrns m`l` m`csnmuncmak bno Kcsmdouss, ok kcnxaýc bn Kustrak ko rkcma` pr`ynmt` pkchnrlk pkchnrlkcastk castk bn ok Hrkc Konlkcak Konlkcak,, prnpkrkb prnpkrkbkk p`r o`s ckzas m`c kyubk bn ]nyss-Acqukrt y o`s pr`sáoat`s kustrakm`s.
Ernub nc su nstuba` Ok eklaoak sn lkctuv` ean eanoo k ok m`lu m`lucabkb cabkb fub fubìk ìk y sus m`stu m`stuljrns9 ljrns9 kuc kucqun qun c` eun nspnmakolnctn rnoaha`sk9 ko pkbrn mkjn m`csabnrkro` prýxal` ko oajrnpncsklanct`, y no pr`pa` Ernub dkjìk pnrbab` yk oks mrnncmaks rnoaha`sks nc ok kb`onsmncmak. Nc ;48=, eackoazý sus nstuba`s snmucbkra`s m`c nxmnonctns mkoaeamkma`cns. Dkjìk sab` sanlprn uc junc nstubakctn, m`rrnsp`cbancb` k o`s skmraeama`s nc pr` bn su nbumkmaýc dnmd`s p`r sus ;4
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr pkbrns, qun sn pr`lntìkc uck mkrrnrk jraookctn pkrk su daf`, no muko m`lpkrtìk sus nxpnmtktavks. Bnspuás bn m`csabnrkr ok p`sajaoabkb bn murskr o`s nstuba`s bn bnrnmd`, sn bnmabaý p`r ok lnbamack, kucqun c` m`c no bnsn` bn nfnrmnrok, sac` l`vab` p`r uck manrtk actncmaýc bn nstubakr ok m`cbamaýc dulkck m`c rah`r manctìeam`. K latkb bn ok mkrrnrk, t`lý ok bntnrlackmaýc bn bnbamkrsn k ok acvnstahkmaýc ja`oýhamk, y, bn ;485 k ;44:, trkjkfý nc no okj`rkt`ra` bno easaýo`h` Nrcst v`c Jrÿmin, actnrnsëcb`sn nc kohucks nstrumturks cnrva`sks bn o`s kcalkons y nc ok kckt`lìk bno mnrnjr` dulkc`. Bn nsk áp`mk bktk su klastkb m`c no lábam` vancás F`sne Jrnunr, mkt`rmn kû`s lky`r qun áo, quanc duj` bn prnstkron kyubk, tkct` l`rko m`l` lktnrako. Nc ;44: m`c`maý k Lkrtdk Jnrckys, su euturk nsp`sk, dafk bn uck eklaoak bn actnonmtukons fubì`s9 no bnsn` bn m`ctrknr lktral`ca`, sus nsmks`s rnmurs`s nm`cýlam`s nm`cýla m`s y oks p`mks pnrspnmtavk pnrspnmtavkss bn lnf`rkr su satukm satukmaýc aýc trkjkfkcb` m`c U`c U`c Jrÿmin damanr`c qun bnsastansn bn su mkrrnrk bn acvnstahkb`r y bnmabanrk hkckrsn ok vabk m`l` lábam`, tìtuo` qun dkjìk `jtncab` nc ;44;, m`c trns kû`s bn rntrks`. ]ac cachuck prnbaonmmaýc p`r no nfnrmama` bn ok lnbamack hncnrko, rns`ovaý kbquarar ok sueamanctn nxpnrancmak moìcamk qun on pnrlatanrk komkczkr uc manrt` prnstaha`, y, bnsbn fuoa` bn ;44: dkstk kh`st` bn ;44>, trkjkfý m`l` rnsabnctn nc bavnrs`s bnpkrtklnct`s bno D`spatko Hncnrko bn Uanck, bnmabancb` nspnmakoazkrsn nc cnur`pkt`o`hìk. Nc ;442 sn on ncmkrhý uc nstuba` s`jrn no us` tnrkpáutam` bn ok m`mkìck y, c` sac manrtk alprubncmak, ok nxpnralnctý nc su pnrs`ck. C` sn m`cvartaý nc uc t`xamýlkc`, pnr` mkusý kohöc qun `tr` nstr`pama`,, m`l` no bn nlpufkr k ok kbammaýc k su klah` U`c Eonasmdo ko trktkr bn murkro` bn nstr`pama` su l`reac`lkcìk, khrkvkcb`, bn dnmd`, su mks`. Nc o`s mìrmuo`s lábam`s sn bnfkr`c `ìr kohucks mrìtamks y su rnputkmaýc qunbý uc tkct` ncs`ljrnmabk. Nc ;44>, sn on c`ljrý Wravktb`znct bn ok Ekmuotkb bn Lnbamack bn Uanck, nc b`cbn ncsnûý k o` okrh` bn t`bk su mkrrnrk, pralnrklnctn cnur`pkt`o`hìk, y, tanlp` bnspuás, psam`kcëoasas, kucqun sac kmmnbnr k cachuck mëtnbrk. Ok `jtncmaýc bn uck jnmk pkrk uc vakfn bn nstuba`s on oonvý k Wkrìs, nc b`cbn trkjkfý burkctn muktr` lnsns y lnba` nc no snrvama` bn cnur`o`hìk bn ok ]kopætraärn jkf` ok barnmmaýc bn Fnkc Lkrtìc Mdkrm`t, p`r nct`cmns no lës alp`rtkctn cnurýo`h` erkcmás. Kooì tuv` `mksaýc bn `jsnrvkr `jsnrvkr oks lkc lkcaenstkma`cns aenstkma`cns bn ok ddastnrak astnrak y o`s nenmt`s bn ok dapc`sas y ok suhnstaýc nc no trktklanct` bn ok laslk. Bn rnhrns` k Uanck, m`ctrkf` lktral`ca` nc snptanljrn bn ;445, bnspuás bn uc okrh` c`vakzh` fko`ckb` bn rupturks y rnm`cmaoakma`cns m`l` m`csnmuncmak, nc nspnmako, bn o`s mno`s qun snctìk dkmak quancquanrk qun pubansn snr `jfnt` bno kenmt` bn Lkrtdk (acmouabk su lkbrn). Nc o`s banz kû`s sahuanctns k ok j`bk, no lktral`ca` tuv` snas daf`s, trns caû`s y trns caûks, ok lnc`r
;1
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr bn oks mukons, Kcck, ckmabk nc bamanljrn bn ;41>, dkjrìk bn m`cvnrtarsn nc psam`kckoastk acekctao. W`m` kctns bn mkskrsn, Ernub kjraý uck m`csuotk pravkbk m`l` cnur`pktýo`h`, utaoazkcb` ok nonmtr`tnrkpak y ok dapc`sas pkrk no trktklanct` bn oks ncenrlnbkbns cnrva`sks. ]u klastkb m`c m`c Jrnunr mras mrastkoazý, tkoazý, p`r nnct`cmns, ct`cmns, nc uuck ck m`okj` m`okj`rkmaýc rkmaýc lës nstrnmdk nstrnmdk,, qun erumtaeamkrìk eackolnctn nc ok mrnkmaýc bno psam`kcëoasas, kucqun ko prnma` bn qun ok rnokmaýc nctrn klj`s sn r`lpanrk. Nctrn ;447 y ;44:, Jrnunr dkjìk trktkb` uc mks` bn dastnrak (no bn ok pkmanctn qun ounh` snrìk lncma`ckbk m`l` «Kcck @.¹)9 ko actnrrulpar no trktklanct`, dkjoý k Ernub bn mýl` o`s sìct`lks bn ok ncenrlk (pkrëoasas actnrlatnctn bn oks nxtrnlabkbns, ksì m`l` trkst`rc`s bno dkjok y ok vastk) bnskpkrnmìkc mukcb` ástk ncm`ctrkjk p`r sì laslk, nc nstkb` dapcýtam`, no `rahnc ` ok nxpoamkmaýc. Nc ;445, ounh` bn dkjnr m`lpr`jkb` nc Wkrìs ok `pnrktavabkb bn ok dapc`sas, Ernub `joahý k Jrnunr k dkjokron bn cunv` bno mks` y, vncmancb` su rnsastncmak acamako, k m`csnctar nc ok nokj`rkmaýc nokj`rk maýc m`cfuc m`cfuctk tk bn uc oajr` s`jrn ok ddastnrak. astnrak. Burkc Burkctn tn ok hnstkmaýc bn nnstk stk `jrk, kpkrnmabk nc ;41>, Ernub bnskrr`ooý sus pralnrks abnks s`jrn no psam`kcëoasas. Jrnunr pkrtamapý dkstk manrt` puct` nc no bnskrr`oo`, kucqun ernckcb` no komkcmn bn oks nspnmuokma`cns lës tkrbn mkrkmtnrìstamks bn ok b`mtrack ernubakck y rnduskcb`, eackolnctn, sujsmrajar ok mrnmanctn m`cvammaýc bn Ernub kmnrmk bno pkpno bnsnlpnûkb` p`r ok snxukoabkb nc ok nta`o`hìk bn o`s trkst`rc`s psìquam`s. Nc ;415, ounh` bn r`lpnr m`c Jrnunr bn e`rlk uc tkct` va`onctk, Ernub nlpnzý k trkcse`rlkr ok lnt`b`o`hìk tnrkpáutamk qun kquáo dkjìk mkoaeamkb` bn «mktkrsas¹, jkskbk nc ok dapc`sas, nc o` qun áo lasl` bnc`lacý no lát`b` bn «oajrn ks`makmaýc¹. Rrkjkfkcb` s`o`, vìmtalk bno bnsprnma` bn o`s bnlës lábam`s, no trktklanct` bn sus pkmanctns on oonvý k e`rfkr o`s nonlnct`s nsncmakons bn o`s m`cmnpt`s psam`kckoìtam`s bn «acm`csmanctn¹, «rnprnsaýc¹ y ‑trkcsenrncmak‑. Nc ;411, kpkrnmaý su ekl`sk Ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s, kucqun m`c enmdk bn nbamaýc bn ;177, y nc ;17> sn pujoamý Rrns m`ctraj m`ctrajuma` uma`cns cns k ok tn`rìk snxuko , ok snhucbk nc alp`rtkcmak bn sus `jrks. Nst`s b`s eunr`c o`s öcam`s
oajr`s qun ]ahlucb Ernub rnvasý puctukolnctn nc mkbk uck bn sus sumnsavks nbama`cns. Dkstk ;17>, y kucqun p`r nsks enmdks sus tn`rìks dkjìkc erkcqunkb` yk bneacatavklnctn no uljrko bn o`s m`lancz`s y sn dkookjkc sýoabklnctn nstkjonmabks, m`ctý m`c nsmks`s basmìpuo`s. Wnr` nc ;175 nlpnzý k ktrknr lës snhuab`rns9 no marmuo` bn o`s qun, yk bnsbn ;17:, sn rnucìkc rnucìkc kohuck kohuckss c`mdns nc su mksk m` m`cc no pr`pýsat` bbnn `ranctkrsn nc no mklp` bn ok acvnstahkmaýc psam`kckoìtamk, eun klpoakb` y mkljaý, acmous`, vkraks vnmns bn m`lp`samaýc, m`cs`oabëcb`sn ksì uck s`manbkb psam`kckoìtamk qun, nc ok pralkvnrk bn ;174, p`r acvatkmaýc bn Ikro Hustkv Fuch, mnonjrý nc ]kozjurh` no Wralnr M`chrns` :7
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr Wsam`kckoìtam`. Ko kû` sahuanctn, Ernub y Fuch vakfkr`c k Nstkb`s ^cab`s, acvatkb`s k pr`cucmakr uck snran bn m`cenrncmaks nc ok ^cavnrsabkb Mokri bn X`rmnstnr, Lksskmdusntts, m`lpr`jkcb` m`c s`rprnsk no nctusaksl` kooì susmatkb` p`r no pncsklanct` ernubakc` lumd` kctns qun nc Nur`pk. Nc ;1;7 sn eucbý nc Curnljnrh ok ]`manbkb Actnrckma`cko bn Wsam`kcëoasas, prnsababk p`r Fuch, quanc m`csnrvý ok prnsabncmak dkstk ;1;2, kû` nc qun sn va` `joahkb` k balatar, m`l` m`r`okra` bn ok rupturk ekookbk p`r no lasl` Ernub nc ;1;=, ko bnmokrk bnmokrkrr alpr`mnbnctn alpr`mnbnctn ok klpoakmaýc fuch fuchakck akck bno m`cmnpt` bn «oìjab`¹ lës kooë bn su sahcaeamkmaýc nstramtklnctn snxuko. Nc ;1;5 pujoamý Actr`bummaýc ko psam`kcëoasas.
Nc ;1:=, on eun bakhc`stamkb` uc mëcmnr bn lkcbìjuok y duj` bn s`lntnrsn k ok pralnrk bn uck snran bn actnrvncma`cns. Bnsbn nct`cmns y dkstk su lunrtn nc O`cbrns no := bn snptanljrn bn ;1=1, nstuv` sanlprn ncenrl`, kucqun c` bnmkyý su ncárhamk kmtavabkb. ]us hrkcbns m`ctrajuma`cns ko bakhcýstam` bno nstkb` bn cunstrk muoturk bktkc bn nsn pnrì`b` (No p`rvncar bn uck aousaýc Y;1:8\, No lkonstkr nc ok muoturk Y;1=7\, L`asás y no l`c`tnìsl` Y;1=1\). Qk m`c kctnra`rabkb, k trkvás bn `jrks nctrn oks qun bnstkmk Rýtnl y tkjö (;1;=), acsparkbk acsparkbk nc no nv`ouma` nv`ouma`casl` casl` ja`oýh ja`oýham` am` bn Bkrwac y no nv`ouma`ca nv`ouma`casl` sl` s`mako
bn Erkznr, dkjìk bkb` tnstal`ca` bn dkstk quá puct` m`csabnrý qun ok alp`rtkcmak pral`rbako bno psam`kcëoasas, lës kooë bn uck neamkmak tnrkpáutamk qun sanlprn fuzhý rnstrachabk, rnsabìk nc su m`cbamaýc bn acstrulnct` pkrk acvnstahkr o`s ekmt`rns bntnrlackctns nc no pncsklanct` y no m`lp`rtklanct` bn o`s d`ljrns. No psam`kcëoasas
Ernub c` prntncbìk mrnkr uck tn`rìk psam`oýhamk m`lpontk, pnr` oonhý k nokj`rkr uc sastnlk qun nxpoamkjk ok psam`o`hìk bno d`ljrn nc su t`tkoabkb. M`lnczý nstubakcb` no trkst`rc` lnctko y ounh` sn prnhuctý p`r sus mkusks. Kmkjý e`rluokcb` uck tn`rìk hncnrko bno backlasl` psìquam`, bn su nv`oumaýc k trkvás bn bastact`s pnrì`b`s bn bnskrr`oo` y bno alpkmt` bn ok s`manbkb, ok muoturk y ok rnoahaýc nc ok pnrs`ckoabkb, kbnlës bn mrnkr uck e`rlk bn trktklanct` bn o`s trkst`rc`s lnctkons. O`hrý e`rluokr uck tn`rìk psam`oýhamk qun kjkrmkjk ok pnrs`ckoabkb c`rlko y kc`rlko, y qun acmabìk nc t`b`s o`s mklp`s bno skjnr6 ok s`ma`o`hìk, ok dast`rak, ok nbumkmaýc, ok kctr`p`o`hìk y oks krtns. Ok pralnrk prn`mupkmaýc bn Ernub, bnctr` bno mklp` bno psaquasl` dulkc`, eun no nstuba` bn ok dastnrak, k trkvás bno muko oonhý k ok m`cmousaýc bn qun o`s sìct`lks dastáram`s bnpncbìkc bnpncb ìkc bn m`ceoam m`ceoamt`s t`s psìquam` psìquam`ss actnrc`s rnp rnpralab`s ralab`s y nnoo trktklanct` bbnn o`s lasl` lasl`ss bnjìk mnctrkrsn nc qun no pkmanctn rnpr`bufnrk o`s sumns`s trkulëtam`s qun dkjìkc `mksa`ckb`s tkons m`ceoamt`s. Ok támcamk utaoazkbk nc pracmapa` pkrk noo` eun ok dapc`sas.
:;
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr Oonhý k ok m`cvammaýc m`cvammaýc bn qun no `rahnc bn o`s trkst`rc`s trkst`rc`s lnctkons nstë nc ok vabk sn snxuko xuko y qun ok snxukoabkb m`lanczk lumd` kctns bn o` qun nc kqunoo`s l`lnct`s sn pncskjk, nc ok pralnrk acekcmak. Ok kearlkmaýc bn ok nxastncmak bn ok snxukoabkb acekctao pr`buf` lumdks mrìtamks y `p`cnctns k su tn`rìk. Lës tkrbn actr`bumn `trk támcamk bn trktklanct`6 ok ks`makmaýc oajrn. Ko pracmapa` nrk pkrkonok ko us` bn ok dapc`sas, pnr` nstk öotalk támcamk ok kmkjk bnsnmdkcb` p`r m`csabnrkrok lnc`s nenmtavk. Nc oks ks`makma`cns oajrns no pkmanctn nxprnsk sac mncsurks t`b` kqunoo` qun on vancn k ok m`cmancmak bn e`rlk nsp`ctëcnk. W`stnra`rlnctn, acm`rp`rk ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s nc no trktklanct` psam`kckoìtam`, yk qun nctancbn qun no sunû` nxprnsk, bn e`rlk oktnctn y k trkvás bn uc onchukfn bn sìlj`o`s,, no m`ceoamt` `rahnc bno trkst`rc` psìqu sìlj`o`s psìquam`. am`. Ok actnrprntkmaýc bn o`s sunû`s ns uck krbuk tkrnk nc ok qun no tnrkpnutk dk bn vncmnr oks "rnsastncmaks" qun on oonvkc ko pkmanctn k mncsurkr su trkulk, m`l` e`rlk bn bnencsk. @tr` kspnmt` k tncnr nc munctk nc ok tnrkpak psam`kckoìtamk ns no kcëoasas bn ok trkcsenrncmak, nctncbabk m`l` ok kmtukoazkmaýc bn snctalanct`s, bnsn`s y nl`ma`cns pralatavks n acekctaons qun no pkmanctn tuv` dkmak sus pr`hncat`rns ` eahurks lës rnprnsnctktavks y qun kd`rk p`cn nc no tnrkpnutk. ]u kcëoasas pnrlatarë ko pkmanctn m`lprncbnr k quá `jnbnmnc bamd`s snctalanct`s, bnsn`s y nl`ma`cns, y rnactnrprntkro`s sac qun `mksa`cnc kchustak.
Ernub nc ;1=1 Ernub dkmn uck e`rluokmaýc t`p`hrëeamk bno psaquasl` n acmouyn nc áo trns sastnlks6 uc` m`csmanctn9 `tr` prnm`csmanctn, muy`s m`ctncab`s punbnc pkskr ko kctnra`r9 y `tr` acm`csmanctn, muy`s m`ctncab`s c` tancnc kmmns` k ok m`cmancmak. Ok rnprnsaýc ns no lnmkcasl` qun dkmn qun o`s m`ctncab`s bno acm`csmanctn pnrlkcnzmkc `muot`s. Lës tkrbn prnsnctk uck cunvk e`rluokmaýc bno kpkrkt` psìquam` qun m`lponlnctk k ok kctnra`r. Nc nstk e`rluokmaýc nstrumturko no kpkrkt` psìquam` nstë e`rlkb` p`r trns ::
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr acstkcmaks6 no noo`, acstkcmak acm`csmanctn qun m`ctancn t`bks oks puosa`cns y sn rahn p`r no bnc`lackb` pracmapa` bn pokmnr9 no y`, qun tancn m`ctncab`s nc su lky`rìk m`csmanctns, pnr` punbn m`ctncnr m`ctncnr tkljaác kspn kspnmt`s mt`s acm`csman acm`csmanctns, ctns, sn rahn p`r no pracmapa` bn rnkoabkb y kmtök m`l` actnrlnbakra` nctrn no noo` y ok `trk acstkcmak bno kpkrkt` psìquam`9 y no supnryý, qun rnprnsnctk oks c`rlks l`rkons n abnkons. ^c m`cmnpt` jësam` nc ok tn`rìk ernubakck ns no bn "alpuos`" ` puosaýc ( tranjn, nc konlëc). Ns ok panzk jësamk bn ok l`ta l`tavkmaýc. vkmaýc. Acamak Acamakolnctn olnctn baenrnc baenrncmak mak b`s tap`s bn puosa puosa`cns6 `cns6 o`s alpuos`s bno y` ` bn kut`m`csnrvkmaýc y o`s alpuos`s snxukons. O`s alpuos`s snxukons sn nxprnskc bacëlamklnctn p`r ok oajab`, m`l` lkcaenstkmaýc nc ok vabk psìquamk bn ok puosaýc snxuko, ns ok nncnrhìk cnrhìk psìqu psìquamk amk bn ok puo puosaýc saýc snxuko snxuko.. Lës tkrbn rne` rne`rluokrë rluokrë su tn`rìk bn o`s alpuos`s y bastachuarë nctrn alpuos`s bn vabk (Nr`s), nc o`s qun qunbkc acmouab`s o`s b`s bn ok kctnra`r e`rluokmaýc, n alpuos`s bn lunrtn (Rdkckt`s), nctncbab`s m`l` ok tncbncmak k ok rnbummaýc m`lpontk bn tncsa`cns. Ernub tncìk uck m`cmnpmaýc dnb`castk bn ok m`cbumtk dulkck6 m`lprncbìk qun no pokmnr vncìk bkb` p`r ok kusncmak bn tncsaýc y no baspokmnr p`r ok prnsncmak bn ok laslk. No `rhkcasl`, acamakolnctn, sn `ranctk dkmak no pokmnr (pracmapa` bn pokmnr) y nvatk oks tncsa`cns, no baspokmnr y ok kcsanbkb. Ernub, kbnlës, kp`rtý uck vasaýc nv`outavk rnspnmt` k ok e`rlkmaýc bn ok pnrs`ckoabkb, ko nstkjonmnr uck snran bn ntkpks nc no bnskrr`oo` snxuko. Nc mkbk uck bn ok ntkpks, no eac ns sanlprn m`löc, ok m`csnmumaýc bn pokmnr snxuko, no bnskrr`oo` bn ok oajab`. Ok baenrncmak nctrn mkbk uck bn nooks nstë nc no "`jfnt`" nonhab` pkrk m`csnhuar nsn pokmnr. No caû` rnmajn hrktaeamkmaýc hrktaeamkmaýc acstacta acstactavk vk bnsbn baenrnc baenrnctns tns z`cks bno munrp` nc eucmaýc bbnn ok ntkpk nc qun sn ncmunctrk. K o` okrh` bno bnskrr`oo`, ok kmtavabkb nrýtamk bno caû` sn mnctrk nc baenrnctns z`cks nrýhncks. Ok pralnrk ntkpk bn bnskrr`oo` ns ok ntkpk `rko, nc ok qun ok j`mk ns ok z`ck nrýhnck p`r nxmnoncmak, m`lprncbn no pralnr kû` bn ok vabk. K m`ctacukmaýc sn bk ok ntkpk kcko, qun vk dkstk o`s trns kû`s. On sahun ok ntkpk eëoamk, kornbnb`r bn o`s muktr` kû`s, nc ok qun no caû` pksk p`r no "m`lponf` bn Nbap`". Bnspuás bn nstn pnrì`b` ok snxukoabkb snxukoabkb acekctao oonh oonhkk k uck ntkpk bn oktnc oktncmak, mak, bn ok qun bnspanrtk ko oonhkr k ok pujnrtkb m`c ok eksn hncatko. Wkrkonoklnctn k nstk nv`oumaýc actrkpsìquamk bno sufnt`, sn vk bkcb` uc pr`mns` bn s`makoazkmaýc nc no qun sn m`ceahurkc oks rnokma`cns m`c o`s bnlës. Ns bn sulk alp`rtkcmak tkljaác no pr`mns` bn abnctaeamkmaýc, qun pnrlatn ko sufnt` acm`rp`rkr oks mukoabkbns bn `tr`s nc sì lasl`, pkrk ok e`rlkmaýc bn su pnrs`ckoabkb. No psam`kcëoasas nc sus m`lancz`s, n acmous` nc ok kmtukoabkb, dk sab` uc b`mtrack qun dk bnspnrtkb` hrkcbns pksa`cns, k ekv`r y nc m`ctrk. Nctrn oks mrìtamks qun sn dkc dnmd` k ok :=
www.erkcfkl`rkbk-psam`.m`l.kr tn`rìk bn ]ahlucb Ernub, ok pracmapko dk sab` ok ekotk bn `jfntavabkb bn ok `jsnrvkmaýc y ok baeamuotkb bn bnravkr dapýtnsas nspnmìeamks vnraeamkjons k pkrtar bn ok tn`rìk. K pnskr bn ok hrkc rnpr`jkmaý rnpr`jkmaýcc qun susmatkr`c oks abnks ernubakcks, nspnmakolnctn nspnmakolnctn nc o`s mìrmuo`s lábam`s, su trkjkf` m`chrnhý k uc klpoa` hrup` bn snhuab`rns. Nctrn noo`s sn ncm`ctrkjkc Ikro Kjrkdkl, ]kcb`r Enrncmza, Koernb Kbonr, Mkro Hustkv Fuch, @tt` Zkci y Nrcnst F`cns. Kohuc`s bn noo`s, m`l` Kbonr y Fuch sn eunr`c konfkcb` bn o`s p`stuokb`s bn Ernub y mrnkr`c su pr`pak m`cmnpmaýc psam`oýhamk. C` mkjn bubk bn qun no psam`kcëoasas eun uck rnv`oumaýc pkrk ok psam`o`hìk y no pncsklanct` pncsklan ct` bn ok áp`mk y dk snrvab` m`l` jksn pkrk no bns bnskrr`oo` krr`oo` y pr`oaenrk pr`oaenrkmaýc maýc bn uck hrkc mkctabkb bn tn`rìks y nsmunoks psam`oýhamks. ^ck snonmmaýc bn b`mulnct`s hrëeam`s pkrk aoustrkr ok vabk y no pncsklanct` bn ]ahlucb Ernub. ]u alp`rtkcmak dastýramk vancn l`tavkbk p`r o`s nstuba`s qun rnkoazý pkrk bnsmrajar o`s lnmkcasl`s qun rahnc ok kmtavabkb arrkma`cko bn ok psaqun dulkck.
Ern rnuub mm``c ssuu mmah ahkkrr rr``
No M`latá
K o` okrh` bn o`s kû` kû`ss
]a ]ahhlucb Er Ernnub
Nstuba` bn Ernub
Uast` p`r Bk Bkoìoì
:2
View more...
Comments
