Bioestadística

Representación Estadística Semana 4

Dr.. José Dr J osé Augusto Aug usto Terceros Terceros Pedraza

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CONCEPTOS PRELIMINARES •

Cuando se toman las mediciones de una variable aleatoria sobre los elementos de una población, los valores resultantes normalmente llegan al investigador o estadístico como una masa de datos desordenados. El primer paso para la organización de estos datos es la preparación

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ARREGLO ORDENADO •

Un arreglo ordenado es un listado de los valores de una colección (población o muestra) ordenada de mayor a menor.

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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE FRECUENCIAS •

•

Aunque un conjunto de observaciones puede hacerse más comprensible y más significativo por medio del arreglo ordenado, es más útil el resumen que se obtiene mediante la agrupación de datos. datos. Al agrupar un conjunto de observaciones se debe seleccionar un conjunto de intervalos contiguos que no se traslapen, para que cada

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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE FRECUENCIAS •

Puede ser que los intervalos de clase queden determinados por los precedentes, como en el caso de las tabulaciones anuales, en las que los intervalos de clase de los años anteriores se conservan para propósitos comparativos. Una regla empírica habitualmente seguida establece que deben ser

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DISTRIBUCIÓN DE FRECUENCIAS •

Aquellos que deseen guías más específicas para decidir cuántos intervalos de clase son necesarios, pueden utilizar la fórmula propuesta por Sturges por Sturges:: w=R/k

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EJEMPLO

•

Relación de pesos de un grupo

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EJEMPLO

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REPRESENTACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA PRESENTACIÓN GRAFICA •

El gráfico es la representación de los datos numéricos en el plano, con el fin de obtener una impresión visual de conjunto del material presentado, que facilite su rápida comprensión y que permita evidenciar de forma más objetiva que la tabla, la evolución de un

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REPRESENTACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA Características generales •

Generalmente Generalmente se inscriben en los ejes de coordenadas cartesianas o ejes rectangulares, rectangulares, los cuales:

1. Deben poseer la la misma longitu longitud, d, aceptándose aceptándose como máximo máximo que el eje eje X exceda exceda hasta1.5 veces al eje Y. Esto evita la introducción de falacias. 2. Deben estar otulados. otulados. Por Por el eje X se presenta presenta(n) (n) la(s) vari variabl able(s) e(s) con su escala escala d

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REPRESENTACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA •

Los gráficos son las representaciones visuales de los datos en donde se evidencian fundamentalmente 3 características:

1. Forma 2. Acum Acumul ulaci ación ón o tend tenden enci cia a

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REPRESENTACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA Partes del gráfico g ráfico •

Todo gráfico estadístico está constituido por varios varios elementos, elementos, los cuales te mencionamos a continuación.

Presentación (Identificación y Título)

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REPRESENTACIÓN ESTADÍSTICA •

Existen diferentes tipos de gráficos:

Barras Histogramas y Polígonos

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BARRAS

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Histogramas Histogramas y polígonos de frecuencia

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Histogramas y ojivas:

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