Bio 11 Laboratory First Exam Reviewer

BIO 11 LABORATORY FIRST EXAM REVIEWER I. MICROSCOPY 1. How does the viewed object move in relation to the movement of the slide? 2. What happens to the image as the diaphragm and the condenser are adjusted? 3. Do objects at the center of the field move when shifting from LPO to HPO? Why? 4. A high Numerical Aperture will require _______ amount of light. 5. Does the image remain in focus when shifting objectives? 6. The ________ enables one to study objects too small to be seen by the naked eye. 7. __________ - joins the arm of the microscope and a u shaped base. 8. ___________- reflects incident light to the condenser and collects light to the aperture. 9. ___________- adjusts the depth of field. 10. ___________ - used to move the body up or down ; also used for focusing the image in LPO 11. ___________ - collects light and sends it to the stage 12. ___________ - adjust the amount of light passing through the condenser 13. ____________ - holds the draw tube, body tube and stage; for handling purposes 14. __________ is the diameter of the field of an optical sight 15. The higher the magnification, the ________ field of view. 16. The bigger the field of view, the __________ the magnification. 17. The __________ is the ability of the microscope to focus on a particular field 18. The ___________ magnification is the total magnification of the ocular and the objectives. 19. The format for writing linear magnification. 20. The ___________ magnification is computed as : Drawing Size / Actual size. 21. The format for writing actual magnification. 22. The ____________ microscope consists of a single lens which provides a large and clear field and gives a magnification of 6 x to 20 x. 23. The dissecting microscope gives an ________ image and not an inverted one as in the compound microscope. 24. Formula for calibration constant. 25. 1 stage unit is equal to _____ um. 26. 1 mm is equal to _______ um. 27. Unit for calibration constant. 28. The other term for stereoscope. 29. When switching to a different objective, should one recalibrate? 30. The Higher the NA, the _________ the resolving power. 31. Does the dissecting microscope have higher resolution than the compound light microscope? 32. _____________ means the number of times an object is enlarged by a lens system or enlarged or reduced in the drawing or illustration. II. THE PLANT CELL 1. These are the narrow canals or depressions along the walls of the Allium cepa cells. They are channels which facilitate cellular transport and communication. 2. IKI stands for?

3. ___________ are used to distinguish specimens because they react with organelles 4. The ___________- is composed of the plasma membrane and the interior components of the cell 5. True or False. One cell wall can only have one nuclei. 6. Cellular transport outside the cell 7. Cellular transport through the plasmodesmata 8. Cyclosis or ____________ is the circular movement of protoplasmic component of cells. It happens to efficiently gather light upon photosynthetic activity. 9. Complete the table. Pigment/ Specimen

Adaxial side of Rhoeo

Abaxial side of Rhoeo

Hydrilla Cell

Color Pigment Location Function

Green chlorophyll chloroplast Absorbs light to drive photosynthesi s

Violet 9.) 10.) photoprotectio n

Green Chlorophyll Chloroplast Absorbs light to drive photosynthesi s

Ripe Lycopersico n Fruit 11.) 12.) 13.) Attract seed dispersal agents

14. ____________ deters herbivores, hyper accumulation of calcium to prevent related metal toxicity. Found in Dieffenbachia, A. cepa, Rhoeo begonia, etc. 15. ___________- needle-like structures, groups 16. ___________- thicker blunt ends, individual 17. ___________- rosette-shape 18. ___________- cuboidal / rectangular 19. The __________ is made up of calcium carbonate crystals. Hyper accumulation of calcium to prevent related metal toxicity. 20. _________ cell has a secondary cell wall. 21. The cystolith is more apparent with ___________. 22. The __________- cements adjacent cells together via calcium and magnesium particles. 23. Other term for stone cell. 24. The ___________- cell is dead in maturity, has a secondary wall and highly impregnated with lignin. 25. The _____________- is the empty space in the middle 26. _______- makes up secondary wall 27. 18% APSS stands for? (used in staining coconut shell cells)

III. THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Plant – Isotonic:___________ Plant – Hypertonic : ___________ Plant – Hypotonic : _____________ Animal – Isotonic : ___________ Animal – Hypertonic : ___________ Animal – Hypotonic: ____________ Enough heat may disrupt the _________ layers such as the plasma membrane, thus easing exit of pigments.

8. _______________- is the shrinking of the cytoplasm away from the wall of a living cell due to outward osmotic flow of water. 9. The higher the sucrose concentration, the ______________ the plasmolysis rate. 10. In the presence of sucrose, the stomata _________. 11. What happens to the oil globules? 12. True or False. The plasma membrane has the capability to regenerate 2 layers. 13. How does the amoeba remain intact in an aquatic medium? 14. The oil represents the ____________ 15. The Albumen represents the ____________ 16. The nigrosin represents the ____________. 17. Why is equilibrium never attained in a living cell? 18. __________- bursting of red blood cells, thus exposing hemoglobin (dH 2O) 19. __________ - shrinking of red blood cells due to hypertonic solution. (10 % NaCl) 20. __________ - red blood cell in isotonic solution _________ % NaCl

IV. RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. Formula for Aerobic Respiration 2. Formula for Anaerobic Respiration 3. ________ - energy storage form of plants 4. Starch indicated by IKI stain as ___________ stain. 5. What is the purpose of boiling the leaf? 6. Do the nongreen areas of the leaf contain starch? 7. True or False. Plants cannot carry photosynthesis under artificial light. 8. ___________- orange 9. ___________ - yellow 10. ___________- blue-green or yellow green 11. ___________- olive green 12. The most nonpolar pigment 13. The most polar pigment 14. The solvent in the experiment is __________. 15. True or False. A formation of precipitate on top of Ba(OH) 2 indicates presence of CO2 16. Does Alkaline Pyrogallol hasten root growth? 17. List the pigments from polar to non polar (based on the experiment) 18. True or False. Phenol red turns yellow in presence of CO 2 19. CO 2 and Phenol Red forms _________ which turns it yellow. 20. Why did the solution turn pink when hydrilla is placed in the yellow solution?

ANSWER KEY I. MICROSCOPY 1. Opposite to what is observed within the field of vision 2. The center does not change upon shifting objectives. 3. The area of observation is indirectly related to magnifying power. The Higher the magnification, the smaller the area. 4. large 5. No 6. Micrroscope 7. Pillar 8. Mirror 9. Fine adjustment knob 10. Coarse Adjustment Knob 11. condenser 12. iris diaphragm 13. Arm 14. Field of vision 15. smaller 16. smaller 17. Depth of Field/ Focus 18. Linear 19. [_________ x] 20. Actual Magnification 21. [x__________] 22. dissecting 23. erect 24. SMD / EMD 25. 100 26. 1000 27. um / EMD 28. Dissecting Microscope 29. Yes 30. Higher 31. No 32. Magnification II. THE PLANT CELL 1. Plasmodesmata 2. Iodo-potassium Iodide Stain 3. Stains 4. Protoplast 5. False. It may have one or more nuclei. 6. Aquaplastic 7. Symplastic 8. Cytoplasmic Streaming 9. Anthocyanins 10. Vacuole 11. Orange 12. Carotenoid 13. Chromoplast 14. Calcium oxalate 15. Raphide

16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

Styloid Druse Prismatic Cystolith Stone Glycerin middle lamella Sclereid sclerenchyma cells lumen lignin 18 % alcoholic phloroglucinol-sulfuric acid solution

III. THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 1. Flaccid 2. Plasmolyzed 3. Turgid 4. Normal 5. Shrivelled 6. Lysed/ Lysis 7. lipid 8. Plasmolysis 9. higher 10. closes 11. Hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane remains intact under polar solvents. 12. True 13. Because of its hydrophobic plasma membrane 14. Plasma membrane 15. Protein channel 16. Lipid insoluble protein 17. The plasma membrane is semi-permeable. It is capable of excluding/ digesting solutes even if its against the concentration gradient. And multiple processes occur resulting to accumulation of solutes 18. Hemolysis 19. Crenation 20. Normal, 0.9 % IV. RESPIRATION AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS 1. see nb 2. see nb 3. starch 4. purplish-black 5. To burst the chloroplast and to expose the chlorophyll to its medium 6. Yes. They contain a few amount of starch 7. False. They can perform photosynthesis in both artificial and natural sunlight. 8. Carotene 9. Xanthophyll 10. Chlorophyll a 11. chlorophyll b 12. carotene 13. chlorophyll b 14. non polar 15. True

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

No. It starved the seeds of Oxygen thus there is no root growth chlorophyll b < chlorophyll a < Xanthophyll < Carotene True. carbonic acid because CO2 is consumed which brings it back to its basic condition.