BIM Fundamentals - Unit 2

Specialist Diploma in Building Information Modeling (BIM) BIM Fundam Fundamentals entals BM3801 Lecture 2

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BIM Fundamentals Summary BIM Concepts & Basics  Model Development & Project Phases  Uses of models, Quality & Management  Collaboration & Coordination, Software & Tools  BIM in the Real World 

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Model Development & Project Phases Finish up some basic concepts  Types of Models 

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Design, Documentation, Construction, Coordination

Modeling & Project Phases  Level of Development (LOD) & Object Data Level 

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Model Development & Project Phases Finish up some basic concepts  Types of Models 

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Design, Documentation, Construction, Coordination

Modeling & Project Phases  Level of Development (LOD) & Object Data Level 

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Uses of Models 

Models are created for a wide range of  purposes, where for in-house use or for  coordination and contract purposes. This range includes: Visualisation, communication and coordination  Data extraction  Document production  Simulation and analysis 

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Significant impact upon content and detail of objects in model 5

Types of Models 

Not all models are created equal.    

Design Modeling Documentation Modeling Construction Modeling Coordination Modeling

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Design Modeling  

Establish ‘Design Intent’

 Architects 

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Engineers 

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Emphasis on visualization rather than accuracy Used in Analysis

Not particularly useful for collaboration & coordination

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Design Modeling

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Design Modeling

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Design Modeling

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Design Modeling

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Documentation Modeling 

3d model developed expressly for purpose of  2d documentation  

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Essence of what Revit does Process can involve migration of ‘Design Model’ from 3d program to 2d drafting platform

Model should be accurate 

Project coordinates & Element sizes

 Appropriate for sharing in a collaborative coordination environment environment  Can be an essential tool for complex building 

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Documentation Modeling

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Documentation Modeling

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Construction Modeling 

 Accuracy is PARAMOUNT PARAMOUNT 

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Generating 2d drawings is not a key priority, 

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Model intended for use in construction & fabrication Model can be used to generate shop drawings

Fundamental difference in HOW and WHY  the model is created

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Construction v. Design Model 

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Wall Modeled as a single element Column Modeled as a single element Slabs cut-off at wall Built in response to how architects think about ‘Design’

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Construction v. Design Model 

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Wall Modeled by floor level/as built Column Modeled by floor level/as built Slabs support walls Built in response to how the structure is intended to be constructed

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Coordination Modeling 

 An Activity based based upon previously previously created models Either Documentation Models or Construction Models can be used.  Created by Architects or Engineers or Builders or Trades 

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Discipline v. Aggregate Model 

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Discipline is specific, Aggregate is combined

For use in 

clash detection, data extraction, program check, timeline simulation, etc.

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Coordination Modeling

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Coordination Modeling

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Coordination Modeling

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The point 

Not everybody’s everybody’s model is the same.

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What matters is keeping the GEOMETRY GEOMETRY consistent. 

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Tracking design development and change is the true challenge of BIM

Understanding what you are doing in the beginning will guide you in selecting software, knowing how long it will take and how detailed of a model you need 22

You can’t just make the soup right, you have to

also be sure you are making the right soup!

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Model Development & Project Phases Finish up some basic concepts  Types of Models 

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Design, Documentation, Construction, Coordination

Modeling & Project Phases  Level of Development (LOD) & Object Data Level 

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Modeling & Project Phases

Design & Build Process

Building Design Process and BIM Model Development Development process are linked This link is built upon the Level of Development  (LOD) concept

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3. Modeling Development  – Project Phases 

Model development phases can be split into the following phases: Briefing / Pre-design  Conceptual design  Schematic Design  Developed design  Contract Documents  Construction  Post Construction / Facilities Management 

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Project Phases Denmark Standards

Singapore Submission Process

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Site/Inventory BIM

1

Space BIM

Provisional Permission (PP)

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Sketch Design BIM

Provisional Permission (PP) / Written Permission (WP)

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Developed Design BIM

Written Permission (WP) / Building Plan (BP)

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Tender BIM

Building Plan (BP)

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Construction BIM

Building Plan (BP)

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FM BIM

Completion of Statutory Clearance (CSC)

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Project Phases & ISO International efforts to define project stages/phases to assist industry standards for  digital exchanges have been based on the work of Salford University in their ‘Process Protocol’. lif e  It has been used to describe the building life cycle ISO-Standard: 11 project Phases in Project Life Cycle, Process Protocol in Draft ISO Standard 

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(Salford University  – www.processprotocol.org)

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Project Phases & ISO W ISO 15686-10:2010(E) Table 1-Phases and stages of the whole life of a building or buildingrelated facility  Portfolio management 

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Portfolio operations

0.1 Portfolio strategy 0.2 Portfolio requirements requirements

0.3 Portfolio initiation

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Project Phases & ISO 

Pre-project stages 1 Conception of need 2 Feasibility 3.1 Authorization 3.2 First procurement procurement

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Project Phases & ISO 

Project delivery 4 Initial or outline conceptual conceptual design design  5 Preliminary Preliminar y design  6.1 Detailed (coordinated) design  6.2 Construction procurement  7 Production Information  8.1 Construction  8.2 Commissioning 

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Project Phases & ISO Property management 9.1 Asset operations  9.2 Maintenance and condition management 

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9.3 Occupants’ facility management management

9.4 Refurbishment, Refurbishment, adaptation, alteration, change of use  9.5 Change of functional use by occupant 

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Project Phases & ISO Disposal  Status change 10.1 Disposal preparation  10.2 Transfer   10.3 Reinstatement 

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End of life 10.4 Decommissioning  10.5 Deconstruction  10.6 Recycling  10.7 Demolition 

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Project Phases & ISO 

Overall Enterprise W Portfolio Management

Demand

0.1 Owner’s Portfolio Requirements 0.2 Client’’s Requirements

Project Delivery 0.3 Project Initiation

2.0 Outline Feasibility

10.5 Reinstate

10.4 Transfer  10.3 Deconstruct 10.2 Decommission

3.0 Substantive Feasibility

10.1 Disposal Preparation

9.6 Change of Functional Use by Occupant 9.5 Refurbishment,  Adaptation, Alteration, Change of Use

1.0 Conception of Need

4.0 Initial or Outline Conceptual Design

Information Base of Shared Data and Support Data (BIM or Building Information Model)

5.0 Full Conceptual Design 6.1 Detailed (Coordinated) Design 6.2 Procurement 7.0 Production Information

9.4 Occupants’ Facility  Administration

8.1 Construction 8.2 Commissioning

9.3 Maintenance and Condition Management

9.2 Operations

9.1 Information Model (BIM)

Asset, Property and Facility Management

Occupancy and Use

Based in part on Dana K. Smith diagram for FIC of NIBS, 2000

Diagram by Françoise Szigeti and Gerald Davis © 2000, 2001, 2008 International Centre for Facilities

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The Truth About ISO You will never think about it in your work again. But the concept is very important:

As the building design process  progresses, the information in a  BIM model changes to address  changing needs. 35

Model Development & Project Phases Finish up some basic concepts  Types of Models 

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Design, Documentation, Construction, Coordination

Modeling & Project Phases  Level of Development (LOD) & Object Data Level 

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Object Data Level 

‘Detail levels’ is a useful concept for obtaining

agreement about content of objects at different stages. 

This will be necessary when defining the extent of information required at formal f ormal exchanges.

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What is ‘Object Content’  Material, Size, Amount of detail related to parametric information 37

Object Data Level 

Level A or 100 

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- Strategy and performance criteria based on volumes and areas - Planning activities, concept development - Non-geometric, briefing data or line work, areas, volumes zones etc. - Block model - Conceptual cost allowance allowance (e.g. $ per m2 of floor  area, $ per hospital bed, $ per parking space) - Total project construction duration or phasing of  major elements - Environmental requirements 38

Object Data Level 

Level B or 200 

- Generic objects in visualisation/concept visualisation/concept models to allow for ‘digital prototyping’

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- Generic elements shown in three dimensions with maximum size, and assumed system types t ypes - Preliminary time scale ordered for appearance of  major activities activities - Estimated cost based on measurement of generic element (e.g. generic interior walls or doors) - Specific room requirements can be attached - Approximate quantities of materials for f or preliminary environmental analysis 39

Object Data Level 

Level C or 300 

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- Specific objects in detailed model, engineering design for digital prototyping - Specific elements confirmed 3D object geometry, dimensions, materials, capacities, connections - Time-scaled, ordered appearance of detailed assemblies Estimated cost based on measurement of specific assembly (e.g. specific wall type: 70 interior steel studs with 10 painted plasterboard both sides) - Precise quantities of materials with percentages of  recycled/locally purchased materials - Accurate analyses and simulations based on specific building assemblies and engineered systems for engineering calculations, visualisation clash detection, construction sequencing, cost planning and estimating 40

Object Data Level 

Level D or 400 - Detailed objects in production model for shop drawing/fabrication drawing/fabrication for purchase, manufacture, installation, specified fabrication and assembly detail including construction means and methods (cranes, man-lifts, shoring etc.)  - Specific manufacturer selections  - Precise analyses and simulations based on specific manufacturer and detailed system components, committed purchase price of  specific assembly  - Manufacturing logistics procurement 

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Object Data Level 

Level E or 500 - As-built objects — for operation and FM, actual record costs, purchase documentation  - Commissioning and recording of measured performance  - Maintenance and operation requirements  - These object detail levels may correspond closely with model development levels in 

‘traditional’ practice, but should be varied to suit

alternative project delivery methods 42

Object Data Level

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USA – AIA BIM Level of Detail

Australian Object Data Levels

100

Conceptual

A

Volume & Area

200

Approx. Geometry

B

Generic Object Elements

300

Precise Geometry

C

Specific Elements

400

Fabrication

D

Detail Objects

500

As-Built

E

As-Built Object

Singapore Standard is based upon these ideas 43

Why is this important? Effort required  Staffing needs  Scope of work  Payment Schedule  Managing Design Change  Choosing Software  ? 

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Why is this dangerous 

People get caught up in this and take their  eyes of what’s important in the project:

design, collaboration and how we are going to get this done!  Beware the subjective nature of LOD!  Enduring differences between the needs of   Architect, QS, QS, Engineer and Builder can make this a pit of quicksand  http://www.architecturetech.com/2011/12/protect-fluffy-kittens.html 45

Guess That LOD!!!!

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Guess That LOD!!!!

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Guess That LOD!!!!

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Guess That LOD!!!!

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The Star 

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The Star 

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The Star 

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The Star 

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The Star 

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The Star 

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The Point…. As the building design process progresses, the information in a BIM model changes to  address changing needs.

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Development does NOT equal Detail!  This concept refers to accuracy and the amount of  information which is both possible and reasonable for  a model to reflect at any given stage s tage of the design 

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