Bim Architecture

TRAINING NOTES ON BIM FOR ARCHITECTURE

COMPILED AND PREPARED BY KWANG CHAN NAM OCT 2011

The Copyright of this document belongs to BCA. No part of this document may be used, disclosed, transferred, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying recording or otherwise to any person not authorized to use it without the express written permission of BCA

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1.1 Revit Architecture Terminology As you start working with a BIM program, you should know the typical terms used to describe items in Revit Architecture. There are several types of elements, and described in the following table. Host Components Views

Datum ANNOTATION

Built-in-place construction elements (such as floors, walls, roofs, ceilings, stairs, and ramps). They can stand alone in the project. Elements that need to be attached to host elements (such as doors, windows, and railings), as well as stand-alone items (such as furniture and equipment). Enables you to see and manipulate the project. For instance, you can view and work in floor plans, ceiling plans, elevations, sections, schedules, and 3D views. You can change a design from any view. All views are stored in the project. Elements that define the project context. These include levels for the floors, column grids, and reference plans that help you draw. 2D elements that are placed in views to define the information drawn in the project. These include dimensions, text, tags, and symbols. The view scale controls their size.

Families and Types Revit Architecture includes many families in its Library. You can also create your own family types. Each element has one or more families from which you can select. Host elements such as walls, roofs and floors are based on system families. For example, walls include Basic Wall, Curtain Wall, and Stacked Wall system family. Each family includes several types. In the Basic Wall family, you find

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the following types: Exterior – EIFS on Mtl. Stud, Foundation – 12 Concrete and Generic – 4” Brick as shown in the Change Element Type selector. Hosted and stand-alone component elements are also families. For example, when you use the Component family Desk, you select the type of desk (in this case, based on desk size) in the Change Element Type selector. When you use one of the types in your drawing, you create an instance of the element. You can place numerous instances of a family type in a drawing.

1.2 Overview of the Revit Architecture Interface The Revit Architecture interface is designed for intuitive and efficient access to commands and views. It includes the Ribbon, Quick Access Toolbar, Application Menu, and Status Bar, which are common to newer versions of Autodesk and other software programs. It also includes tools that are specific to Revit Architecture, including the Project Browser and View Control Bar. The interface is shown in Figure below.

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1. Quick Access Toolbar The Quick Access Toolbar provides access to commonly used commands, such as Open, Save, Undo and Redo, Modify, and 3D view, as shown in Figure below.

2. Infocenter The Infocenter enables you to quickly search for help on the web. You can specify which Help documents to search and collapse or expand the Search field to save screen space.

3. Application Menu The Application Menu provides access to file commands, settings, and documents. Hover the cursor over a command to see a list of additional tools. If you click the primary icon rather than the arrow, it starts the default command.

Recent and Open Drawings To see a list of recently used documents, click (Recent Documents) in the Application Menu. The documents can be reordered. Click (Pin) next to a document name to keep it available, even if more documents are opened than can be displayed. It displays with the push pin tacked in (). To see a list of open documents and views, click (Open Documents). The list displays the open documents and each view that is open.

4. Ribbon The Ribbon contains Revit Architecture tools in a series of tabs and panels. Selecting a tab displays a group of related panels. The panels contain a variety of tools, grouped by function.

Contextual Tabs When you select a command that creates new elements, the Ribbon switches to a contextual tab. The tab includes the Change Element Type selector and general commands for creating the element. When you select an element in Revit Architecture, the Ribbon switches to a contextual tab that includes general editing commands, as well as those directly related to the element type.

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5. Options Bar The Options Bar changes according to the selected command or element. For example, when the Wall command is active, it displays options for placing the wall. You are always in a command in Revit Architecture. To end a command, use one of the following methods: start another one, click (Modify) in the Quick Access Toolbar or contextual tab, or press twice to revert to the Modify command.

6. Tooltips You do not need to press to execute two-letter shortcuts. Tooltips display the item’s name, a short description, and sometimes a graphic. They provide information about tools, commands and drawing elements. Many commands have shortcut keys. For example, type WA for Wall or WN for Window. They are listed next to the name if the command in the tooltips.

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7. Project Browser The Project Browser lists the views that can be opened in Revit Architecture. This includes all views of the model that you are working in, such as floor plans, ceiling plans, 3D views, elevations, sections etc. It also includes views of schedules, legends, sheets (for plotting), families (such as doors and walls), and groups. Double-click on an item in the list to open the associated view.

To see the views associated with a view type, click (Expand) next to the section name. To hide the views in the section, click (Contract). If you no longer need a view, you can remove it. Right-click on its name in the Project Browser and select Delete. The project Browser can be floated, resized and customized.

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8. Views You can use the Project Browser to switch between windows, Additional window tools, such as Cascade and Tile, are found the View tab>Windows panels in the Ribbon. Each view of a project opens in its own window. Each view displays a Navigation Bar for quick access to viewing tools and a View Control Bat that controls aspects of that view, such as the scale, detail level and shading.

9. Status Bar The Status Bar provides information about the current process, such as the next step for a command as shown in Figure below.

Right-click Menus Right-click menus help you work smoothly and efficiently by placing the commands you need at your fingertips. These menus always provide access to basic viewing commands. The other options vary depending on the selected element or the command you are using.

1.3 Starting Revit Architecture Projects File operations to open existing files, create new files from a template, and save files in Revit Architecture follow standard Windows procedures. Revit Architecture uses three main file types: Product files (.rvt) are you primary drawing files. This is where you do the majority of you work in the building model with views and sheets. They are initially based on template files. Family files (.rfa) are component types that can be created for Revit Architecture. For example, the Single Flush and Double Glass door families include a variety of different-sized doors, and the Desk family includes a number of desk sizes and styles. Title block and Annotation Symbol files are special types of family files. Template files (.rte) are designed to hold standard information and settings for creating new project files. Revit Architecture includes several templates for residential, commercial, and structural projects. You can also create custom templates. When you first open Revit Architecture, the Startup Screen displays, showing lists of recently used project and family files. This screen also displays if you close all projects.

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Hint: Opening Workset-Related Files Worksets are used when the project gets large enough for multiple people to work on it at the same time. At this point, the project manager creates a central file with multiple worksets that are used by the project team members, such as element interiors, building shell and site.

Starting New Projects New projects in Revit Architecture are based on a template file. The options for creating a new file differ depending on whether you select the New command in the Application Menu or in the Quick Access Toolbar.

How to: Start a New Project from the Application Menu This method is most useful when you use different templates or if you are creating files other than projects. 1. In the Application Menu, select New>Project. 2. In the New Project dialog box, select the template you want to use and click OK.

How to: Start a New File from the Quick Access Toolbar This method is most useful when you use one primary template file that is set up as the default. 1. Click (New) in the Quick Access Toolbar. 2. A new project is created based in the default template. The New button is not available by default in the Quick Access Toolbar. However, it is easy to access. At the end of the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Customize button and select New, as shown in Figure below.

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Saving Projects It is a good idea to save your project frequently. Click (Save) in the Quick Access Toolbar to do this at any time. If the project has not yet been saved, the Save As dialog box opens, where you can specify a file location and name. You can save an existing project with a new name by selecting Save As>Project in the Application Menu. If you have not saved in a set amount of time, Revit Architecture opens the Project Not Saved Recently alert box. Select Save the project. If you want to set reminder intervals or not save at this time, select the other options. You can set the Save Reminder interval to 15 or 30 minutes, 1, 2 or 4 hours or to have No reminders appear. Open this dialog box by clicking Options in the Application Menu.

Saving Backup Copies By default, Revit Architecture saves a backup copy of a project file when you save the project. Backup copies are numbered incrementally (for example, M/Project.0001.rvt, My Project.0002.rvt, etc) and are saved in the same folder as the original file. In the Save As dialog box, click Options... to control how many backup copies are saved. The default number is three backups. If you exceed this number, Revit Architecture deletes the oldest backup file.

Hint: Saving Workset-Related Projects If you use worksets in your project, save locally and to the central file. Save the local file frequently just like any other file. Then, every hour or so, click (Save to Central) in the Quick Access Toolbar to save your changes back to the main file. After you save to central, save the local file again.

Practice 1a Starting Revit Architecture Projects In this practice, you will start new projects using different templates and save a project. 1. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click (New). A new blank project opens based on the default template. 2. Look at the views available in the Project Browser; they are predetermined by the template. 3. In the Application Manu, select New>Project. 4. You are prompted to specify a template file. Click Browse... in the New Project dialog box.

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5. Select the Residential-Default.rte template, click Open, and click OK. 6. The views available in the Project Browser are different than in the previous project. They are typical views that you need in residential projects. Save the file made with the residential template as MyHouse.rvt. You can use this file at anytime in the course to work on your dream house when you have finished other practices. Click (Customize Quick Access Toolbar) at the end of the Quick Access Toolbar and select New if it is not displayed. The Imperial Templates folder contains templates for Commercial, Construction and Residential.

Practice 1b Introduction to Revit Architecture In this practice, you will open a project file and view each of the various areas in the Revit Architecture interface. You will investigate elements, commands and their options. You will also open views through Project Browser and view the model in 3D.

Task 1 – Understanding the interface 1. Open the project file BHM-Office-Sample-10.rvt. It is found in your class directory and is a version of the main project you will work on throughout the course. 2. Take the time to review the floor plan to get acquainted with it. 3. Review the various parts of the screen. 4. In the drawing window, pause your cursor over one of the doors. A tool tip appears, describing the element. 5. Pause the cursor over another element to see its description. 6. Select a door. The Ribbon changes to the Modify Door contextual tab. 7. Click in an empty space to release the selection set. 8. Hold down and select several elements of different types. The Ribbon changes to the Multi-Select contextual tab. 9. Click in an empty space to release the selection set. 10. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Wall). The Ribbon changes to the Place Wall contextual tab and displays the options and tools you can use to create walls. TA859 BARCH

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11. In the selection panel, click (Modify) to return to the main Ribbon. 12. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Door). The Ribbon changes to the Place Door contextual tab and displays the options and tools you can use to create doors.

Task 2 – Look at views You might need to widen the project Browser to see the full names of the views. 1. In the Project Browser, in the Floor Plans section, double-click on Second Floor Plan – Reference. This opens a separate view of the second floor. 2. In the Project Browser, expand the Elevations (Building Elevation) section. Double-click on the East Elevation to open the view. 3. Expand Sections (Building Section) and double-click on one of the sections to open it. 4. In the View Control Bar, click (Model Graphics Style) and select Shading with Edges. The elements in the section are now easier to read. 5. In the Project Browser, scroll down to the Sheets (all) section. Look at Sheets 6.3 and 6.4. Which sheet shows the view that you just set to Shading with Edges? 6. In the Application Menu, click (Open Documents) and select BHM-Office-Sample-10.rvt – Floor Plan: First Floor Plan-Reference to return to the First Floor Plan-Reference view.

Task 3 – Practice viewing tools 1. In the Navigation Bar, click () and select Zoom In Region or type ZR. Zoom in on one of the offices. 2. Pan to another part of the building using the middle mouse button or wheel. Alternatively, you can use the 2D wheel in the Navigation Bar. 3. Right-click on a blank space in the drawing window and select Zoom Out (2x). Right-click again and select Zoom To Fit. 4. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click (3D view) to open the default 3D view. 5. Hold down and use the middle mouse button or wheel to rotate the view. 6. In the View Control Bar, change the Model Graphics Style to (Shading with Edges). 7. Use the ViewCube to find a view that you want to use. 8. In the Project Browser, expand 3D Views and right-click on the {3D} view. Rename the view. 9. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click (Save) to save the project. 10. In the Application Menu, select Close. This closes the entire project. TA859 BARCH

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Practice 2a Working with Massing Studies This process begins the BHM Office project that is used throughout the course. In this practice you will create a user-defined 3D view of an existing massing study. Once the view is defined, you will apply walls, curtain walls, roofs, and curtain systems to the massing study.

Task 1 – Create 3D view of the massing study 1. Open the project BHM-Office-10.rvt. 2. This file includes a massing study but nothing is displayed, because Slow Mass is off. In the Massing & Site tab>Conceptual Mass panel, click (Show Mass) to display the default 3D view. 3. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click (3D View) to display the default 3D view. 4. In the View Control Bar, click (Model Graphics Style) and select Shading with Edges. The elements are transparent so you can still see the entire massing study. 5. Press + the mouse wheel or use the ViewCube to orbit the drawing. 6. Find a view where you can see the large angled wall and the two smaller angled walls, 7. In the Project Browser, right-click on the {3D} view and select Rename. Name the view Massing study so you can access it again and use it on a sheet. 8. Click (3D view) to display the default 3D view again. Revit Architecture creates the default 3D view using the same settings and view direction each time. 9. In the Project Browser, double-click on Massing Study to return to this view.

Task 2 – Add walls to the massing study This task is an example of creating a wall using massing. Wall creation is discussed in detail in Chapter 5. 1. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Wall). 2. Click Change Element Type and select Basic Wall: Exterior-EIFS on Mtl.Std. 3. In the Modify Walls contextual tab>Draw panel, click (Pick faces) and set the Location Line to Finish Face: Exterior. 4. Select the back and side faces of the massing to apply the walls to the faces. TA859 BARCH

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5. Change the wall type to Curtain Wall: Storefront and select the front face of the massing. Change the wall type to Basic Wall: Exterior-EIFS on Metal Std-Blue and select the faces of the large angled wall.

Task 3 – Add roofs and curtain systems to the massing study This task is an example of creating a roofs and curtain systems using massing.. 1. In the Home tab>Build panel, expand (Roof) and click (Roof by face). 2. Select the top faces of the two largest massing elements. 3. Click Change Element Type and select Basic Roof: Steel Truss-Insulation on Metal DeckEPDM for the roof type. Click (Create Roof). Repeat the process and select the top of the large angled wall mass. 4. In the Massing & Site tab>Conceptual Mass panel, expand (Model by Face) and click (Curtain System). 5. Select the sloping mass elements on the side of the building and click (Create System). 6. Repeat the process with the sloping elements on the front of the building. 7. Save the project.

Practice 2b Presenting the Preliminary Design In this practice you will create a perspective view using a camera with shading and shadows. You will then apply shading and shadows to other views, and add the views to an existing presentation sheet.

Task 1 – Create a perspective view 1. Continue working in the project BHM-Office-10.rvt. If you did not complete the previous practice, open BHM-Office-Presentation-10.rvt from your class folder. 2. In the Project Browser, open the Level 1 Floor Plan view. 3. In the View tab>Create panel, expand (3D view) and click (Camera). 4. To place the camera, select a point in the top right of the view away from the building. 5. To place the target, select a point in the upper right corner of the building. 6. A new view is displayed. Modify the view using the controls and the ViewCube, as needed. Make sure the box outline is close to the building. This impacts how it fits on the sheet. TA859 BARCH

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7. In the View Control Bar, expand (Model Graphics Style) and clink (Shading with Edges). Toggle on (Shadows:On) so that the building appears. 8. In the Project Browser, right click on the view name and rename it to Front Entrance Perspective.

Task 2 – Add views to a sheet 1. Open the North Elevation view and turn on shadows. 2. Repeat the process with the East Elevation view. 3. In the Project Browser, expand the Sheets (All) section to display the existing sheet. Doubleclick on P1-Preliminary Design to open the sheet view. 4. In the Project Browser, in the Floor Plans section, locate the Level 1 Floor Plan view and drag and drop it onto the sheet. 5. Repeat the process with the Massing Study 3D view and the North and East Elevation views. Move them around on the sheet by selecting the edge and dragging them. 6. The Massing Study 3D view is too large to fit on the sheet. To resize it, double-click on the Massing Study 3D view in the Project Browser. In the View Control Bar, in the Scale list, select 1/16” = 1-0”. 7. Double-click on the P1-Preliminary Design view to open it. The Massing Study 3D displays at the new scale. Move it as needed to fit on the sheet. The line under the view might be too long after the view has been resized. Click the filled circle at the right end or the line and drag it to the left as needed. 8. Repeat the process for any other views that need to be resized. 9. Add the Front Entrance Perspective view to the sheet. The size is probably too small. 10. In the Project Browser, open the Front Entrance Perspective view. 11. Select the view. In the Crop panel, click (Size Crop). The Crop Region Size dialog box opens, displaying the current height and width of the view. 12. Select Scale (Locked Proportions) and change the Width to 10”. Click inside the Height field and it automatically updates proportionally. Click OK. 13. Open the P1-Preliminary Design view again. The perspective has increased in size. Click anywhere on the screen to remove the display of the camera from the Level 1 Floor Plan view. Drag the perspective view to a new location as needed. 14. Save the project. TA859 BARCH

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3.1 General Drawing Tools Revit’s basic drawing environment provides a contextual ribbon along with Draw tools used by many commands. The contextual ribbon enables you to set up features for each element you are placing in the drawing. As you are drawing, several features called drawing aids display. These help you create designs quickly and accurately. Numerous modification tools can also be used with all of the different elements in a project.

Contextual Ribbons When you select a command, the Ribbon displays the associated contextual tab and Options Bar. For example, when you click (Wall), the Place Wall tab and Option Bar open. Two panels are always included in this type of tab: Selection and Element. In the Selection panel, click (Modify) to finish the command and return to the main tab at any time. Modify enables you to select elements and is the tool you typically default to when you are not in another command. TA859 BARCH

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The Element panel displays the current element type. Click Change Element Type to select other types.

Draw Tools Linear elements include walls, lines, detail lines, and sketches for floors, roofs, stairs and railings. Draw tools are used to draw linear elements such as the walls. They display in the contextual ribbon when you select a command to draw any element. The available tools vary according to the element being drawn. There are two different styles of tools: one where you draw the element using a geometric form, and another where you pick an existing element, such as a line, face, or wall as the basis for the new element’s geometry.

How to: Draw Linear Elements 1. Start the command you want to use, such as (Wall). 2. In the contextual tab>Draw panel, select a drawing tool, such as (Line). Select points to define the walls using other drawing aids, such as temporary dimensions, alignment lines and snaps. You can also select a pick tool such as (Pick Lines), and select an element. 3. Click (Modify) to end the command. You can change from one Draw tool to another in the middle of a command.

Draw Options Other options display according to the type of element you are drawing. When you are in Drawing mode, several options display in the Options Bar. The Chain option controls how many segments are drawn in one process, if it is not selected the Line and Arc tools only draw one segment at a time, if it is selected, you can continue drawing segments until you select the command again. The Offset option draws the linear elements at a specific distance from the selected points. For example, set the Offset distance to 10-0” and select the end points of an existing wall to create a new wall 10-0” away. When using a radial draw tool, you can select the Radius option and add a radius in the edit field. To draw angled lines, move your cursor to the desired angle shown by the dynamic dimensions, and type the distance value. The angle increments vary depending on how far in or out the view is zoomed. TA859 BARCH

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Draw Tools Line

Draws a straight linear element defined by the first and last points. If Chain is enabled, you can continue selecting and points for multiple segments.

Rectangle

Draws four linear elements defined from two opposing corner points. You can adjust the dimensions after selecting both points.

Inscribed polygon

Draws a polygon inscribed in a hypothetical circle with the number of sides specified in the Options Bar.

Circumscribed Polygon

Draws a polygon circumscribed around a hypothetical circle with the number of sides specified in the Options Bar.

Circle

Draws a circular linear element defined by a center point and radius.

Start-End-Radius Arc

Draws a curved linear element defined by the start, end and radius of the arc. The outside dimension shown is included angle of the arc. The inside dimension is the radius.

Center-ends Arc

Draws a curved linear element defined by the center, radius and included angle. The selected points of the radius also define the start point of the arc.

Tangent-End Arc

Draws a curved linear element tangent to another element. Select an end point for the first point, but not the intersection of two or more elements. Then select a second point based on the included angle of the arc.

Fillet Arc

Draws a curved linear element defined by two other linear elements and a radius. Because it is difficult to select the correct radius by clicking, command automatically moves to the edit phase. Select the dimension and modify the radius of the fillet.

Spline

Draws a curved linear element based on selected points. The curve does not actually touch the points. (Model and Detail Lines only).

Ellipse

Defines an ellipse from a primary and secondary axis. (Model and Detail Lines only).

Partial Ellipse

Draws only one side of the ellipse, like an arc. A partial ellipse also has a primary and secondary axis. (Model and Detail Lines only).

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Pick Tools Pick Lines

Use this option to select linear elements that exist in the project. This is very when you start the Revit model from an imported 2D drawing.

Pick face

Use this option to pick the face of a 3D massing element (walls only).

Pick walls

Use this option to pick an existing wall in the project to be the basis for a new sketch line (floors, ceilings etc).

Drawing Aids As soon as you start drawing in Revit Architecture, three drawing aids appear on the screen: alignment lines, temporary dimensions and snaps. These are available with most drawing and many modification commands.

Alignment Lines Angles display at 90, 45, 15, 5 and 1 degree increments. The order of the angle list controls the power level of the snap. For example, the 90 degree angle is most likely to display if you are close to horizontal or vertical. Dashed alignment lines display as soon as you select your first. They help keep lines horizontal, vertical or at a specified angle. They also line up with the implied intersections of walls or other elements. Hold down to force the alignments to be orthogonal.

Temporary Dimensions Along with alignment lines, temporary dimensions display as you draw to help you to place linear elements (such as walls) at the proper length and location. You can move the cursor to the exact dimension or place it approximately and then modify the dimensions as needed. This gives you the opportunity to sketch the building and then come back and use the parametric engine to update the model with greater precision. For Imperial measurements (feet and inches), Revit Architecture understands a default of feet. For example, when you type 4, it assumes 4-0. To indicate inches, type the inch mark (“) after the distance. For a distance such as 4-6, you can type any of the following: 4 -6, 4 6, 4-6 or 4 6 (the numbers separated by a space). The increments displayed for dimensions change as you zoom in closer to the elements. These dimension snap increments are for both linear and angular dimensions, and can be set in the Snaps dialog box. TA859 BARCH

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Temporary dimensions disappear as soon as you finish drawing linear elements. If you want to make them permanent, select the control. Dimensions are a powerful tool to help create and annotate the model.

Snaps Snaps are key points that help you reference existing elements when drawing to exact points. They include Endpoints, Midpoints, Nearest, Work Plane Grid, Quadrants, Intersections, Centers, Perpendicular, Tangents and Points. When you move your cursor over an element, the Snap symbol displays. Each snap location type appears with a different symbol. To modify the snap settings, open the Snaps dialog box. Here you can set which snap points are active, as well as the snap distances (for dimension and angular increments). It also shows the keyboard shortcuts for each snap, which you can use to override the automatic snapping. In the Manage tab>Project Settings panel, expand (Settings) and select Snaps.

3.2

Editing Revit Elements

Architectural design projects typically involve extensive changes to the positions of walls, doors and other elements. Revit Architecture was designed to make such changes easy. The (Modify) command works with all of the different element types. With the command active, when you hover your cursor over an element a tooltip displays information about it. With the command active, when you select an element there are a number of ways to change it. •

Element-specific properties and tools appear in the contextual tab in the Ribbon.

•

Dynamic dimensions enable you to change the element’s dimensions.

•

Controls enable you to drag, flip, lock and rotate the element.

To delete an element, select it and press or click (Delete) in the Modify panel.

Hint: Press & Drag You can move elements in Revit Architecture by dragging them to a new location. To do this without selecting them first, make sure the Press & Drag option is selected in the Status Bar.

Selecting Elements To select a single element, place your cursor over it and select it. To add another element to a selection set, old down and select another item. TA859 BARCH

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To remove an element from a selection set, hold down and select the element. If you window around elements by clicking and dragging the cursor, you have two selection options. If you drag from left to right, you only select the elements completely inside the window. If you drag from right to left, you select elements both inside and crossing the window. If several elements are on or near each other, press before you click to cycle through them. If there are elements that might be linked to each other, such as walls that are connected, selects the chain of elements. Press + to reselect the previous selection set. You can also right-click in the drawing window with nothing selected and select Select Previous. To select all elements of a specific type, right-click on an element and select Select All Instances. When multiple elements are selected, the Multi-Select contextual tab opens in the Ribbon.

Filtering Selection Sets The Filter option enables you to specify the types of elements to select. For example, you might only want to select doors.

How to: Filter a Selection Set 1. Select everything in the desired area. 2. Click (Filter) in the Multi-Select contextual tab or in the Status Bar. The Filter dialog box opens. 3. Click Check None to clear all options and then select Doors. The Filter dialog box displays all of the types of elements in the original selection. 4. Click OK. The selection set is now limited to doors. In the Status Bar, (Filter) shows how many elements you selected.

Practice 3a General Drawing and Editing In this practice, you will use the Wall command with draw tools and drawing aids such as dynamic dimensions and snaps. You will use the Modify command and modify the walls using grips, dynamic dimensions and the Change Element Type selector in the contextual tab. You will also add a door and modify it using dynamic dimensions and controls.

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Task 1 – Draw and modify walls 1. In the Application Menu, select New>Project. 2. In the New Project dialog box, accept the defaults and click OK. 3. In the Quick Access Toolbar, click (Save). When prompted, name the project SimpleBuilding-10.rvt. 4. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Wall). 5. In the Place Wall contextual tab>Draw panel, click (Rectangle) in the Draw panel and draw a rectangle approximately 100 x 70 (use dynamic dimensions to see the size, but you do not need to be exact). 6. When you finish drawing the rectangle, the dynamic dimensions are still displayed. Click the dimension controls to make them permanent. 7. In the Selection panel, click (Modify). 8. Select one of the vertical lines. The horizontal dimension becomes active. Click on the dimension text and type 100. 9. Click in an empty space to end the selection. You are still in the Modify command. 10. Start the Wall command again and click (Line) in the Draw panel. Draw a wall horizontally from midpoint to midpoint of the vertical walls. 11. Draw another line 8 -0” above the first one. You can use dynamic dimensions or the Offset option to do this. 12. Draw a vertical wall exactly 16 -0” from the left wall. 13. In the Draw panel, click (Circle) and draw a 14 -0” radius circular wall at the midpoint of the lower interior horizontal wall. 14. Click (Modify) to end the command. 15. Select one of the outside walls, press to highlight the chain of outside walls, and click to pick the walls. 16. In the Modify Walls contextual tab>Element panel, click Change Element Type. Scroll down and select Generic-12”. The thickness of the outside walls changes. 17. Click in an empty space to release the selection. 18. Select the vertical interior wall and change it to one of the small interior partition styles. 19. Click in an empty space to release the selection. TA859 BARCH

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Task 2 – Add and modify a door 1. Zoom in on the room in the upper left corner. 2. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Door). 3. Place a door anywhere along the wall in the horizontal hallway. 4. Click (Modify) to end the command. 5. Select the door. Use dynamic dimensions to move it so that it is 2 -6” from one of the walls. Use controls to flip the door so that it swings into the room. 6. Type ZE to zoom out to the full view. 7. Save the project.

3.3

Modifying Tools

Revit Architecture contains various controls, handles and temporary dimensions that enable you to edit elements. Additional modifying tools can be used with individual elements or any selection of elements. They are found in the Modify panel in most contextual tabs.

Moving and Copying Elements The Move and Copy commands enable you to select the element(s) and move or copy them from one place to another. You can use alignment lines, temporary dimensions and snaps to help when placing the elements.

How to: Move or Copy Elements 1. Select the elements you want to move or copy. 2. In the Modify panel, click (Move) or (Copy). A boundary box appears around the selected elements. 3. Select a move start point on or near the element. 4. Select a second point. Use alignment lines and temporary dimensions to help place the elements. 5. The elements remain highlighted, enabling you to start another command or to press to finish. If you start the (Move) command and hold down the elements are copied.

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Move/Copy Elements The Move and Copy commands have several options that display in the Options Bar. Constrain

Restricts the movement of the cursor to horizontal or vertical, or along the axis of an item that is at an angle. This keeps you from selecting a point at an angle by mistake. Constrain is off by default.

Disjoin (Move only)

Breaks any connection between the elements being moved and other elements. If Disjoin is on, the elements move separately. If it is off, the connected elements also move or stretch. Disjoin is off by default.

Copy

Makes a copy of the elements that are being moved. This is off by default if you select the Move command, and on by default if you select the Copy command.

Multiple (Copy only)

Enables you to make multiple copies of one selection. Multiple is off by default.

With the exception of the Multiple options, the options revert to their defaults each time you restart the command. These commands only work within the current view, not between views or projects. To copy between views or projects, use (Copy to Clipboard) and (Paste).

Hint: Pinning Elements If you do not want elements to be moved, you can (Pin) them in place. Pinned elements can still be copied. Select the element and click (Unpin) to free it.

Rotating Elements The Rotate command enables you to rotate selected elements around a center point. You can use all alignment lines, temporary dimensions and snaps to help specify the center point and rotation. You can also create copies of the element that is rotated.

How to: Rotate Elements 1. Select the element(s) you want to rotate. 2. In the Modify panel, click (Rotate). 3. The center point is automatically set to the center of the element or group of elements. 4. Drag the (Rotate) control to a new point to set a different center point. You can use snaps and alignment points to help position the center point. TA859 BARCH

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5. In the Options Bar, type an angle in the Angle field, and press , or specify the angle on screen. To specify the angle on screen, select a point for the rotate start ray-the reference line for the rotation angle. Then select a second point, using the temporary dimension to help you set the angle. 6. The rotated element(s) remain highlighted, enabling you to start another command, or press to finish.

Rotate Options Disjoin

Breaks any connections between the elements being rotated and other elements. If Disjoin is on, the elements rotate separately. If it is off, the connected elements also move or stretch. Disjoin is off by default.

Copy

Creates a copy of the elements being rotated.

Angle

Sets the angle for the rotation.

Mirroring Elements The Mirror command enables you to mirror elements about an axis defined by a selected element, or by selected points.

How to: Mirror Elements 1. Select the element(s) to mirror. 2. In the Modify panel, click (Mirror), and select the method you want to use. (Pick Mirror Axis) prompts you to select an element as the Axis of Reflection (mirror line). (Draw Mirror Axis) prompts you to select two points to define the axis about which the elements mirror. 3. The new mirrored element(s) remain highlighted, enabling you to start another command, or press to finish. By default, the original elements that were mirrored remain. To delete the original elements, clear the Copy option in the Options Bar.

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Hint: Scale Revit Architecture is designed with full-sized elements, therefore, not much can be scaled. However, you can use (Scale) in reference planes, images, and imported files from other programs.

Creating Linear and Radial Arrays The Array command creates multiple copies of selected elements in a linear or radial pattern. For example, you can array a row of columns to create a row of evenly spaced columns on a grid, or array a row of parking spaces. The arrayed elements can be grouped or placed as separate elements. A linear array creates a straight line pattern of elements, while a radial array creates a circular pattern around a center point.

How to: Create a Linear Array 1. Select the element(s) to array. 2. In the Modify panel, click (Array). 3. In the Options Bar, click (Linear). 4. Specify the other options as needed. 5. Select a start point and an end point to set the spacing and direction of the array. The array is displayed. If you have the Group and Associate option toggled on, you are prompted again for the number of items. Type a new number or click on the screen to end the command. To make a linear array in two directions, you need to array one direction first, select the arrayed elements, and then array them again in the other direction.

Array Options In the Options Bat, set up the Array options for the Linear or Radial Array. Group and Associate

Creates a group element out of all arrayed elements. Groups can be selected by selecting any elements in the group.

Number

Specifies how many repeats you want in the array.

Move To:

2nd specifies the distance or angle between the center points of the two elements.

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Last specifies the overall distance or angle of the entire array. Constrain

Restricts the direction of the array to only vertical or horizontal (Linear only).

Angle

Specifies the angle (Radial only).

How to: Create a Radial Array 1. Select the element(s) to array. 2. In the Modify panel, click (Array). 3. In the Options Bar, click (Radial). 4. Drag the center point (Rotate) control to the appropriate location. Remember to set the center point rotation control first, because it is easy to forget to move it before specifying the angle. 5. Specify the other options as needed. 6. In the Options Bar, type an angle and press , or specify the rotation angle by selecting points on the screen.

Modifying Arrays When you select an element in an array that is created as a group, the associated shape controls and dimensions appear. You can modify the number of instances and for radial arrays, the distance to the center. To remove the constraint on the group, select one of the elements in the group and click (Ungroup) in the Group panel in the contextual tab. If you want to add or remove other non-arrayed elements to or from the group, click (Edit Group) in the Group panel in the contextual tab. This puts you in in-place edit mode (light yellow background) and displays the Edit Group panel at the end of the current tab. Use the Edit Group options to add and remove items to and from the group. When you have finished editing the group, click (Finish) to close the in-place edit mode.

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Practice 3b Modifying Tools In this practice you will use Move, Copy, Mirror and Array to modify ad add elements to a simple building.

Task 1 – Modify walls and doors 1. Continue working in the project Simple-Building-10.rvt that you created in the previous practice. If you did not complete the previous practice, open Simple-Building-10-1.rvt from the class folder. 2. Select the top arc of the circular wall. 3. In the Modify panel, click (Delete). The walls that the circular wall crossed are automatically cleaned up. 4. Select the vertical interior wall, door and door tag. 5. In the Modify panel, click (Copy). 6. In the Options Bar, select Multiple. 7. For the basepoint, select the upper left corner of the room away from the wall. 8. Copy the wall and door along the building. 9. Press to end the command. 10. Zoom in on the room to the far right. 11. Select the door and door tag in the room next to it. 12. In the Modify panel, expand (Mirror) and click (Pick Mirror Axis). 13. Select the vertical wall between the rooms as the Mirror axis and place the new door. 14. Click in an empty space to release the selection set.

Task 2 – Draw and array cubicles 1. Pan to the lower left corner of the building. 2. Click (Wall). 3. In the Place Wall contextual tab, Change Element Type. Set the wall type to Interior – 31/8” Partition (1 hr). Draw the cubicle and press to finish the command. TA859 BARCH

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4. Select the two cubicle walls. 5. In the Modify panel, click (Array). 6. In the Options Bar, click (Linear) and set the Number to 10 and Move to: to 2nd. 7. In the drawing area, select a point on the cubicle wall and another point 8 -0” to the right of the wall. The array appears. 8. Enough room is available to add more cubicles. Type 12 at the number prompt and press to complete the command. 9. Zoom in on the last cubicle and select it. It is part of a group. 10. In the Modify panel, click (Ungroup). Doing this separates these elements from the rest of the group. 11. Delete the vertical wall and use grips to drag the horizontal wall to the exterior wall. 12. Zoom out to see the whole building. 13. Save the project.

Practice 4b Importing a CAD file In this practice you will import a floor plan from AutoCAD that will be used as a base layout for a building

Task 1 – Import a CAD file 1. Continue working in the project BHM-Office.rvt. If you did not complete the previous practice, open BHM-Office-Import-10.rvt from your class folder. 2. Open the First Floor Plan view. 3. In the Insert tab>Import panel, click (Import CAD). 4. In the Import CAD Formats dialog box, select the file BHM-first floor plan.dwg. 5. Set the following options: Select Current view only. Set colours to Preserve. Set Layers to All. TA859 BARCH

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Set Import Units to Auto-Detect. Set Positioning to Auto-Origin to Origin. 6. Click Open. The imported file is placed in the project on the First Floor Plan view. 7. To see the file, type ZE to zoom to fit. 8. Select the imported file. It is all in one piece and pinned in place because it was imported origin to origin. 9. Click on the pinto unpin it. 10. Drag the imported file up into the area bounded by the four elevation markers. 11. Click (Move), select the lower left corner of the imported floor plan, and select the lower left corner of the existing Revit Architecture model. Zoom in as needed to make sure the end points meet. 12. Save the project.

Task 2 – Use basic drawing tools 1. Zoom in on the lower right section of the model. An additional wall surrounds the Chiller Equipment Area. This wall was not included in the massing study 15. 2. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Wall). 3. Click Change Element Type and select Basic Wall: Exterior – EIFS on Mtl. Stud. 4. In the Draw panel, click (Line). 5. In the Options Bar, set the Location Line to Finish Face: Exterior. 6. Use snaps and trace over the walls of the Chiller Equipment Area. The wall style is wider than that shown in the plan. This can be corrected later. 7. Change the wall type to Interior: 4-7/8” Partition (1-hr) and the Location Line to Wall Centerline. 8. Trace over some of the interior walls. Zoom as needed to see the center alignment lines. Do not stop to break for the doors. If you are creating a series or chain of walls, press to start a new chain. Click (Modify) to exit the command. 9. If you do not put the wall in the correct place, you can select the wall and move it using the circular handles on the end points or by clicking (Move) in the Modify panel. You can also select the wall, press , and draw it again.

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10. Two of the walls separating the Restrooms are wider than the rest of the walls. Select the walls. To select multiple walls, select the first wall, hold down , and select the second wall. 11. Change the wall type to Generic: 8”. 12. Click in an empty space to clear the wall selection. 13. Save the project.

5.1

Drawing and Modifying Walls

Walls in Revit Architecture are more than just two lines on a plan. They are full 3D elements that show height, thickness and materials among other things. As with moat elements in Revit Architecture, you can select from a list of types in the Change Element Type selector and set additional options such as the Height and Location Line. Walls can easily be modified using dynamic dimensions, controls and properties. Wall types enable you to use different styles for various needs.

How to: Draw a Wall 1. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Wall) or type the shortcut WA. 2. In the Place Wall contextual tab>Element pane, click Change Element Type. 3. In the Draw panel, select one of the following options to create the walls. Sketching Options

Set to Line by default. The other sketching options include Rectangle, Inscribed Polygon, Circumscribed Polygon, Circle, Start-End-Radius Arc, Center-ends Arc, Tangent End Arc and Fillet Arc.

Pick Lines

Converts existing lines to walls.

Pick Faces

Converts faces of 3D Massing elements and generic models.

4. In the Options Bar, set the Height of the Walls. It can be set to an unconnected height or to the height of a level. 5. Set the Location Line (location line) for the justification of the wall as you draw. Options include Wall Centerline, Core Centerline, Finish Face: Exterior, Finish Face: Interior, Core Face: Exterior, and Core Face: Interior. 6. In the Options Bar, three more options are available. They are described in the table below. Chain TA859 BARCH

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Offset

When Pick Lines is selected enables you to enter the distance at which a new wall is created from an existing wall.

Radius

Enables you to add radius to a wall. Used with the Rectangle, Circle, Arc and Polygon options.

7. Select points to draw the walls. The alignment lines help you draw straight lines at the appropriate angles. The temporary dimensions enable you to set the wall length. You can also snap to specific points on walls and to other elements. Press the to switch the orientation of the wall while drawing it (flip inside/outside for compound walls with different materials). You can also do this after the walls are created. 8. Press to finish the group of walls if using the Chain Option. In the Selection panel, click (Modify) to end the command and return to the Home tab.

Modifying Walls Revit Architecture provides several methods of modifying walls. For example, you can change the type of wall with Change Element Type or expand (Element Properties) and click (Instance Properties). You can change the length of the wall with dynamic dimensions. Several other controls also help you change the length and orientation of a wall. •

To see the hatching in the walls, the Detail Level of the view must be set to Medium or Fine. You can set the Detail Level in the View Control Bar.

•

When you select a single element or several elements of the same type (e.g. Several walls), you can change their style in the Change Element Type selector.

There are two types of properties for most elements in Revit Architecture: •

Instance Properties can be modified for each element. For walls, these include the Location Line (justification), Base, and Top Constraint[s] (height).

•

Type Properties control options for all walls of the same type. If you modify these parameters, all walls of the selected type change.

Wall Instance Properties For more options you can expand (Element Properties) and click (Instance Properties). This opens the Instance Properties dialog box. In this dialog box, you can select a different wall Family (Basic Wall, Curtain Wall or Stacked Wall) or Type in the drop-down lists. The Instance Parameters are properties that can be set for the individual wall you are drawing. Most of the important properties can also be set in the Options Bar.

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The properties (i.e. parameters) shown in the Instance Properties dialog box vary according to the type of element selected. Properties are separated into several categories. The primary section in the Instance Parameters for Wall Properties is Constraints, which includes the Location Line, Base, and Top Constraint[s], Offsets and Room Bounding. The other available parameter sections include Structural Usage, Dimensions, Identity Data and Phasing. •

Two categories that are found on all elements, not just walls, are Identity Data and Phasing.

•

The Identity Data category applies to all elements and has two sub-categories: Comments and Mark. Comments for each element can be added to a schedule. Mark displays the value of a tag placed on the element.

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The Phasing category also applies to all elements and has two sub-categories: Phase Created and Phase Demolished. Phasing displays different information and according to the Phase in which the elements were created or demolished.

Hint: Matching Property Types You can apply the properties if an existing element to other elements that should be the same-for example, apply the type and height of one wall to several other walls to make them all identical. When you click (Match Type) in the Modify tab>Clipboard panel, the cursor changes to an arrow with a clean paintbrush. Select the source element that you want all of the others to match. The paintbrush then change to look as if it has been dipped in black paint. Select the elements that you want to change. Items to be matched must be the same types of elements (e.g. all walls, all doors, etc.). Click in an empty space in the project to empty the brush so that you can repeat the command with a different element. You can select multiple elements using (Match Type). After selecting the source element, select the Multiple option in the Options Bar. You can then use windows crossings, , and to create a selection set of elements to change. Once you have finished selecting elements, click (Modify) to exit the command.

6.1 Adding Doors and Windows Doors and windows in Revit Architecture are designed to be hosted by walls. You can use alignment lines and temporary dimensions to help place the openings exactly where you need them in the walls. A variety of door and window types are included with the Revit Architecture templates you can also create your own custom types. Tags for scheduling can be included automatically as you insert the door or window, or you can add them later as you build on the project. • TA859 BARCH

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You can type SM to place openings directly at the midpoint of wall segments.

How to: Add a Door or Window 1. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Door) or (Window). 2. In the contextual tab>Element panel, click Change Element Type and select the type of door or window. 3. If the door or window type you want is not listed, you can use the options in the Model panel. Click (Load Family) to load additional types from the Library or click (Model in Place) to create a project-specific door or window type. 4. To insert a tag with each door or window, in the Options Bar, select the Tag on placement option. 5. Select the wall to place the door or window. You can use the alignment lines and temporary dimensions to help position it. 6. Adjust the element as needed. You can change the location with temporary dimensions (select the dimension number and type the new value). With doors, you can flip the swing and hinge locations, if applicable (click on the arrows). With windows, you can flip the interior and exterior using the same technique. 7. Add another door or window or click (Modify) in the Selection panel to finish. If including window tags, select a point close to the outside of the wall when inserting the window, so that the tag is placed on the outside. Other tag options in the Options Bar include Horizontal or Vertical text placement and Tags..., which opens in the Tags dialog box containing a list of the tags loaded in the project. You can also load other tags here. If you want it to have a leader, select the Leader option and specify its length.

Modifying Doors and Windows Doors and windows can be modified in many of the same ways as walls. In Figure 6 5, one window is changed to a different type and size using Change Element Type, a window is moved using dynamic dimensions, and the door and one window are flipped using controls. The window tag is also moved with a control.

Modifying Door and Window Properties The door and window types control most of their properties. To change the property information, you can change the type. You can change items such as Level, Sill Height, and Head Height. Use (Instance Properties) to change only the properties of the selected element.

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Use (Type Properties) to change the properties of the selected element and all other elements of the same type.

Dynamic Dimensions with Doors and Windows Dynamic dimensions measure to the center of the door or window and to the centreline of the closest wall or opening (default). Click the Move Witness Line square control to toggle through the measurement reference options. The line snaps to the inside, center and outside of the reference element.

Controls for Doors and Windows Controls for windows and doors include Flip the Instance facing and Flip the instance hand. To move a door or window tag, select the tag. A (Move) control appears, enabling you to drag it to a new location.

7.1 Creating Interior Elevations Elevations are face-on views of the interiors and exteriors of a building. Four Exterior Elevation views are defined in the default template: North, South, East and West. You can create additional building elevation views at other angles or for Interior Elevation views, such as the Kitchen elevation You must be in a plan view to create a new elevation view.

How to: Create an Elevation 1. In the View tab>Create panel, expand (Elevation) and click (Elevation). 2. In the Elevation contextual tab>Element panel, click Change Element Type and select the elevation type. The two options are for Building Elevation or Interior Elevation. 3. In the Options Bar, set the Scale for the elevation. 4. Move your cursor near one of the walls that defines the elevation. The marker follows the angle of the wall. 5. Click to place the marker. To open the elevation view, double-click on the elevation arrow or on its name in the Project Browser. You might have to adjust the crop region in the Elevation view to specify what needs to be seen. The length, width and height of an elevation are defined by the wall(s) at which the elevation marker is pointing. When you add an elevation to a sheet, the detail number is automatically added to the view title. TA859 BARCH

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Modifying the Elevation Select the arrowhead of the elevation marker (not the circle portion) to display the clip plane. You can adjust the length of the clip planes using the round shape handles and the depth of the elevation with the (Control) grips. To display additional interior elevations from one marker, place an elevation marker and select the circle portion (not the arrowhead). With the elevation marker selected, place a check mark in the directions that you want to display. You can also rotate the marker using the (Rotate) control (i.e. for a room with angled walls).

Practice 7 Creating Interior Elevations In this practice you will add fixtures to the Restrooms and create interior elevations.

Task 1 – Add fixtures to Restrooms 1. Continue using BHM-Office-10.rvt If you did not complete the previous practice, open BHM-Office-Elevations-10.rvt from your class folder. 2. Open the First Floor-Restrooms Floor Plan view. 3. Add and remove the walls. Select Interior – 47/8” Partition at an unconnected height of 7 6”. 4. In the Home tab>Build panel, click (Door). Load the door type BHM-Single-Flush-10.rfa from the class folder. 5. Add the door type BHM-Single-Flush-10: Toilet Stall Door HC to the twp handicap stalls, and the door type Toilet Stall Door to the smaller stall in the Women’s Restroom. 6. Load the following components from Revit Library>Plumbing Fixtures folder: •

Floor Drain-2D.rfa

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Shower Stall-2D.rfa

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Sink Vanity – Round.rfa

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Toilet-Commercial-Wall 3D.rfa

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Urinal-Wall-3D.rfa

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HC-Shower-3-se-10.rfa

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Wheel Chair Circle.rfa

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Grab Bar-3D.rfa

8. Add the components to the project. 9. To create the top for the vanity, use the Counter Top component sized for the space and place the vanity at a 5” offset (using Instance Properties) to display it correctly. The Counter Top and Base Cabinet families were loaded into the project in the previous practice. 10. If time permits, use Copy to Clipboard and Paste Aligned to copy the fixtures to the same places on the Second Floor. There is no shower room on the Second Floor.

Task 2 – Add interior elevations 1. Open the First Floor-Restroom Floor Plan view. 2. In the View tab>Create panel, expand (Elevation) and click (Elevation). Set the elevation type to Elevation: Interior Elevation and the Scale to ¼” = 1 -0”. 3. Place an elevation marker include each Restroom. 4. In the Men’s Restroom (the room on the left), select the elevation marker circle and only place a check mark in the elevation pointing toward the fixtures. 5. Select the elevation arrow and modify the length and depth of the cut plane. 6. Repeat the process for the Women’s Restroom. 7. In the Project Browser, rename the elevations accordingly. 8. View the elevations and modify the crop regions as needed. They are now ready to have other components and annotation added to them. 9. Click (Save) to save the project.

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