Bharat Norms.pdf

Bharat Norms

Table 1: Indian Emission Standards (2-Wheel Vehicles) Standard

Reference

India 2000

Euro 1

Bharat Stage II

Euro 2

YEAR

Region

2000

Nationwide

2001

NCR*, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

2003.04

 NCR*, 13 Cities†

2005.04

Nationwide

2005.04

 NCR*, 13 Cities†

2010.04

Nationwide  NCR*, 13 Cities†

Bharat Stage III

Euro 3

Bharat Stage IV

Euro 4

2010.04

Bharat Stage V

Euro 5

2017.04 (proposed)

Entire country

* National Capital Region (Delhi) (De lhi) † Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Sholapur, Jamshedpur and Agra The above standards apply to all new 4-wheel vehicles sold and registered reg istered in the respective regions. In addition, the National Auto Fuel Policy introduces certain emission requirements for interstate buses with routes originating or terminating in Delhi or the other 10 cities. Progress of emission standards for 2-and 3-wheelers: Table 2: Indian Emission Standards (2 and 3 wheelers) Standard

Bharat Stage II

Reference

Date

Euro 2

1 April 2005

Bharat Stage III Euro 3

1 April 2010

Bharat Stage IV Euro 4

1 April 2012

Bharat Stage V

1 April 2017 (proposed)

Euro 5

In order to comply with the BSIV norms, no rms, 2 and 3 wheeler manufacturers will have to fit fit an evaporative evapo rative emission control unit, which should lower the a mount of fuel that is evaporated when the motorcycle is parked.

Trucks and buses Exhaust gases from vehicles form a significant portion of air pollution which is harmful to human health and the environment. Emission standards for new heavy-duty diesel engines — applicable applicable to vehicles of GVW > 3,500 kg — are are listed listed in Table 3. Table 3: Emission Standards for Diesel Truck and Bus Engines, g/kWh Year

Reference

Test

CO

HC

NO x

 – 

PM

1992

 – 

ECE R49

17.3 – 32.6 32.6

2.7 – 3.7 3.7

 – 

1996

 – 

ECE R49

11.20

2.40

14.4

2000

Euro I

ECE R49

4.5

1.1

8.0

0.36*

2005†

Euro II

ECE R49

4.0

1.1

7.0

0.15

2010†

Euro III

ESC

2.1

0.66

5.0

0.10

ETC

5.45

0.78

5.0

0.16

2010‡

Euro IV

ESC

1.5

0.46

3.5

0.02

ETC

4.0

0.55

3.5

0.03

 – 

* 0.612 for engines below 85 kW † earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1 ‡ only in selected regions, see Table 1

Light duty diesel vehicles Emission Emission standards for light-duty light-duty diesel vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) 3,500 kg) are summarized in Table 4. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes (by reference mass) o f light commercial vehicles; compare the EU light-duty vehicle emission standards for details on the Euro 1 and later standards. The lowest limit limit in each range applies to passenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats). Table 4: Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles, g/km Year Reference

CO

HC

HC+NO x

NOx

PM

1992  –  

17.3 – 32.6 32.6 2.7 – 3.7 3.7  – 

 – 

 – 

1996  – 

5.0 – 9.0 9.0

 – 

 – 

2000

2.72 – 6.90 6.90  –  

0.97 – 1.70 1.70 0.14 – 0.25 0.25  – 

2005† Euro 2

1.0 – 1.5 1.5

 – 

0.7 – 1.2 1.2

0.08 – 0.17 0.17  – 

2010† Euro 2010† Euro III

0.64 0.80 0.95

 – 

0.56 0.72 0.86

0.50 0.65 0.78

0.05 0.07 0.10

2010‡ Euro 2010‡ Euro 4

0.50 0.63 0.74

 – 

0.30 0.39 0.46

0.25 0.33 0.39

0.025 0.04 0.06

Euro 1

 – 

2.0 – 4.0 4.0

† earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1 ‡ only in selected regions, see Table 1 The test cycle has been the t he ECE + EUDC for low power vehicles (with maximum speed limited to 90 km/h). Before 2000, emissions were measured over an Ind ian test cycle. Engines for use in light-duty vehicles can be also emission tested using an engine dynamometer. dyna mometer. The respective emission standards are listed in Table 5. Table 5: Emission Standards for Light-Duty Diesel Engines, g/kWh Year

Reference

CO

HC

NO x

PM

1992

 – 

14.0

3.5

18.0

 – 

1996

 – 

11.20

2.40

14.4

 – 

2000

Euro I

4.5

1.1

8.0

0.36*

2005†

Euro II

4.0

1.1

7.0

0.15

* 0.612 for engines below 85 kW † earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1

Light duty gasoline vehicles 4-wheel vehicles

Emissions standards for gasoline vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg) 3,500  kg) are summarized in Table 6. Ranges of emission limits refer to different classes of light commercial vehicles (compare the EU light-duty vehicle emission standards) standards). The lowest limit limit in each eac h range applies to passenger cars (GVW ≤ 2,500 kg; 2,500 kg; up to 6 seats).

Table 6: Emission Standards for Gasoline Vehicles (GVW ≤ 3,500 kg), 3,500 kg), g/km Year

Reference

CO

HC

1991

 –  

14.3 – 27.1 27.1

1996

 –  

8.68 – 12.4 12.4

 –  

3.00 – 4.36 4.36

1998*

 –  

4.34 – 6.20 6.20

 –  

1.50 – 2.18 2.18

2000

Euro 1

2.72 – 6.90 6.90

 –  

0.97 – 1.70 1.70

2005†

Euro 2

2.2 – 5.0 5.0

 – 

0.5 – 0.7 0.7

Euro 3

2.3 4.17 5.22

0.20 0.25 0.29

Euro 4

1.0 1.81 2.27

0.1 0.13 0.16

2010†

2010‡

2.0 – 2.9 2.9

HC+NO x

NOx

 – 

 – 

0.15 0.18 0.21

 – 

0.08 0.10 0.11

* for catalytic converter fitted vehicles † earlier introduction in selected regions, see Table 1 ‡ only in selected regions, see Table 1 Gasoline vehicles must also meet an evaporative (SHED) limit limit of 2 g/test (effective 2000). 3- and 2-wheel vehicles [11] Emission Emission standards for 33 - and 2-wheel gasoline vehicles are listed listed in the following following tables. tables.

Table 7: Emission Standards for 3-Wheel Gasoline Vehicles, g/k m Year

CO

HC

HC+NOx

1991

12 – 30 30

8 – 12 12

 – 

1996

6.75

 –  

5.40

2000

4.00

 –  

2.00

2005 (BS II)

2.25

 –  

2.00

2010.04 (BS III)

1.25

 –  

1.25

Table 8: Emission Standards for 2-Wheel Gasoline Vehicles, g/km Year

CO

HC

HC+NOx

1991

12 – 30 30

8 – 12 12

 – 

1996

5.50

 –  

3.60

2000

2.00

 –  

2.00

2005 (BS II)

1.5

 –  

1.5

2010.04 (BS III)

1.0

 –  

1.0

Table 9: Emission Standards for 2- And 3-Wheel Diesel Vehicles, g/km Year

CO

HC+NO x

PM

2005.04

1.00

0.85

0.10

2010.04

0.50

0.50

0.05

Overview of the emission norms in India 1991 –  1991 –  Idle  Idle CO Limits for Gasoline Vehicles and Free Acceleration Smoke for Diesel Vehicles, Mass Emission Emission Norms No rms for Gasoline Vehicles.

1992 –  1992 –  Mass  Mass Emission Norms for Diesel Vehicles. 1996 –  1996 –  Revision  Revision of Mass Emission Norms for Gasoline and Diesel Vehicles, mandatory fitment of Catalytic Converter for Cars in Metros on Unleaded Gasoline. 1998 –  1998 –  Cold  Cold Start Norms Introduced. 2000 –  2000 –  India  India 2000 (Equivalent to Euro I) Norms, Modified IDC (Indian Driving Cycle), Bharat St age II  Norms for Delhi. 2001 –  2001 –  Bharat  Bharat Stage II (Equivalent to Euro II) Norms for All Metros, Emission Norms for CNG & LPG Vehicles. 2003 –  2003 –  Bharat  Bharat Stage II (Equivalent to Euro II) Norms for 13 major cities. 2005 –  2005 –  From  From 1 April Bharat Stage III (Equivalent to Euro III) Norms Norms for 13 major cit ies. 2010 –  2010 –  Bharat  Bharat Stage III Emission Emission Norms No rms for 2-wheelers, 3-wheelers and 4-wheelers for entire country cou ntry whereas Bharat Stage –  Stage –  IV  IV (Equivalent to Euro IV) for 13 major cities c ities for for only 4-wheelers. 4 -wheelers. Bharat Stage IV also has norms on OBD (similar to Euro III but d iluted)