BGAS-1.doc

1. PAINT / PAINTING INSPECTION - PAPER 1 B-gas Grade - 1 1.

Describe the following terms a) Splash zone b) Jacket c) Caisson Splash zone: 2.5 mt + 12 mt above the L.A.T. Jacket: Welded support frame of the platform tubular. Caisson: Open ended pipe that runs from topsides to the sea bottom. Has pumps and filters to take waste away.

2.

Which statutory instrument document relates to safety for offshore? SI - 1091. The offshore safety regulation 1976.

3.

List the safety measures required for over the side working in descending order of preference if scaffolding is not practicable. 3 Rail barrier Safety net Safety belt line Rescue boat and radio Full life jacket.

4.

Who is ultimately responsible for safety at offshore? O.I.M - Off shore installation manager.

5.

Name four decks on a platform. Heli-deck Spider-deck Drilling-deck Cellar-deck.

6.

Name three major dangers, which exist when working offshore? Falling overboard, fire explosion and adverse weather (gales & storms)

7.

Name three methods of keeping a platform in a fixed position. Piling, semi submersible, material support, jacket legs, sea tank.

8.

How are escape routes identified on an offshore platform? Page 1 of

9.

By arrows cut out of reflecting strips and fixed on top of the non-skid designated deck. Deck coating: 100-mm - Prime route, 50-mm - Sea route. What precautions must be observed when boarding and travelling in helicopters? All as described in the C.A.A. course which you must attend before travelling offshore.

10.

How often is medical treatment required for personnel working offshore? From the ages 30 - 39, every 3 years. From the ages 40 - 50, every 2 years. From the age 50 and above - yearly.

11.

List the essential items of clothing and equipment for an offshore painting inspector. Riggers boots, safety helmet, 100% cotton overalls, safety glasses, and life belt jacket and weather and paint instruments.

12.

What is breaker capsule? A completely enclosed safety and rescue boat for escape.

13.

Are painters permitted to erect scaffolding? No. It must be the work of a qualified scaffolder holding a C.I.T.B card. Painters paint only, but they can refuse to work on the scaffold if they are not sure of its safety for their job or personnel safety.

14.

Describe the meaning of H - 120 in relation to fire protection. H - stands for hydrocarbon. 120 stands for the time in minutes, that the fire protection system is designed to stop the passage of flames, smoke, to allow personnel to escape to safety.

15.

On what parts of an offshore structure are anti-foulant coatings applied? Name two common types of toxic material used in anti-foulants. Anti-foulant coatings are applied on the submerged and splash zone areas of the sea. Organic tin, cupros-oxide are two common types of toxic materials used in antifoulants. Mercury, arsenic and lead are not used.

16.

Name the two types of fireproof coatings. say which type is used mostly and Page 2 of

describe how it works. Cementious and Intumescent are two types of fireproof coatings. Intumescent coatings are the preferred ones for offshore coating in hydrocarbon fires and cellulosic fires. They swell upto many times their thickness thus delaying the fire spread upto 200% 17.

What application requirements are specified for the spray application of paint to large surface areas? The manufacturer's specification sheets (data) specify the application requirements. Large fan sprays, vertical and horizontal parallel passes, non-organic paintings should overlap by 50%.

18.

For which coated areas is 100% holiday detection required? Seabed and splash zone to the cellar deck.

19.

a) Finish blast cleaning may be not carried out, when? When the dew point is not above 3c above the steel temperature. b) Can blast cleaning be carried out at night? Yes, but must be finished in the daylight. c) What standard is specified for power tool cleaning. ST-3. d) Power tool cleaning must overlap existing coating by atleast - 50mm. e) Coatings must not be applied when surfaces are less than - 3c above DP, when RH % is above 85%.

20.

a) Coatings must not come within - 50mm of weld preparation. b) Is it permitted to spray paint from a BOSUNS chair - no, but brush application is acceptable. c) What distance and angle should a spray gun is held from the surface? Distance - 18", 450 - 600mm, at an angle of 90.

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PAPER 2. PAINTING GRADE 1 (B-gas) - OFFSHORE.

1.

What does a Radioman fulfill? He is a look out person. He keeps in three way contact during and over the site operation. He should also be on hand where the people are working in vessels or enclosed space in offshore. To summon help in case of accident in the radio operator's office.

2.

What document does a paint inspector need to know to work on offshore? The offshore safety regulation 1976 SI - 1091. Medical certificate, passport, lifeboat survival training, B-gas approval.

3.

Give a list of duties an N.R.P. might perform. Incharge of designated areas of the platform. Issuing hot and cold permits. Receiving completed work permits, checking work carried out on permit. Area authority O.I.M.

4.

Why are areas encapsulated and give ways in which this could be done? To protect instruments and fire protection equipment's during blasting, cleaning and painting operations. During maintenance work, completely cover the areas in plastic sheets or mask off, for climatic or safety reasons.

5.

What possible problems would an inspector meet at offshore? a) b) c) d)

6.

High change in the weather conditions. Rapid change of tidal conditions. Movements of helicopters and boats. Access to work during drying times.

How would an inspector communicate with his boss back to back? Page 4 of

Usually meet for half an hour or so at the shift change, if there was a serious problem to explain or leave a hand written report for him in his logbook. 7.

How would you determine that a contractor's plant and equipment was safe to use? All plant equipment used on offshore must have calibration certificates, maintenance record details dated and signed by approved agent.

8.

Why is masking carried out and what areas might need this? To protect sensitive equipment (electrical and instruments) in particular from damage during maintenance operation. Also the pipe work and colour coded sections has to be masked off before being sprayed by different paints to protect areas that are not painted.

9.

Give reasons why the submerged zone is not always coated. Submerged zone is difficult to paint because of its position. Also because of water and lack of oxygen present, the rate of corrosion is not so serious and also sacrificial anodes are used.

10.

What are the two ways in which galvanized surfaces can be prepared before painting? The two ways are, 1) Sweep blast and etch primer 2) Power tool with mordant wash.

11.

What is COSHH and what dos it deal with? Control of substances hazardous to health regulation 1988. It deals with environmental safety in the work place, solvents, sands, dust except lead paints, radiation explosives, own regulations.

12.

Other than temperatures and RH what could stop blast cleaning from being carried out? Where different types of cleaning is needed usually power or hand cleaning due to maintenance or other type of problems-weather conditions, operation or production.

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13.

What are the two types of test, which are carried out for cathodic disbondment? Static test for submerged coatings. Cyclic test for splash zone coat.

14.

What is the title of CPC - 155 and which is the current issue? Title -175C, Paint council-1998 Issue 2, CPC - company practices for paint.

15.

What do the following refer to? AL BS CS Cu HSE LAT MIO NI SI SS ZN

16.

-

Aluminium British standard Carbon steel copper Health safety environment Lowest astronomical tide Micaceous iron oxide Nickel Statutory instrument Stainless steel Zinc.

What are reduced V.O.C. coatings? For V.O.C. coatings pigments carry more water emulsion binders. It is water based. Solvents are greatly reduced.

17.

What information must a paint manufacturer print on a paint tin? Method of use (brush or spray), type of paint, production date, shelf life, confirmative with B-gas specification are the things that should be printed on a paint tin.

18.

What results must be published by a paint manufacturer regarding the qualities of his paints?

The following are the results that have to be published by the manufacturer. Composition (pigment, binder & volatiles) Manufacturer's name Product description Volume of solids Viscosity Opacity Covering power (gloss) Abrasion resistant Impact resistant Density and adhesion. Page 6 of

19.

What information does the paint manufacturer have to supply to the contractor? Material data sheets, health and safety information regarding the products.

20.

Who is responsible for choosing a paint system for use on a particular job? The contractor using range of approved B-gas paint systems.

21.

What are the two BS codes used in connection with colour schedules? BS 4800 and BS 5252.

22.

What must happen to any weld splatter which was not removed during the fabrication process? It must be ground of flush by the best mechanical means.

23.

What shall surfaces be free from before painting? Surfaces shall be free from dust, moisture, oil and grease and other contaminants.

24.

How shall heavy or metallic pigment be kept in suspension when applying paint? Automatic stirrer, air or power operated in the paint pot during application and constantly in motion can keep it in suspension.

25.

What shall drying/curing periods comply with painting? It shall comply with manufacturer's data sheets.

26.

What is a stripe coat? It is a brush-applied coat to the weld areas to make sure that the proper D.F.T is attained. It is an extra coat to welds and edges.

27.

Describe how test panels are prepared and painted and what is their purpose.

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Test panels are blasted to Sa 3 standard, then according to test required instructions. For rust grade after blasting it is left in the atmosphere for 2 - 3 months. Test panels are then dipped in seawater. Dry for 2 or 3 minutes, then coat. 28.

What type of components comes under identification marking of paints? Reflective plastic strips.

29.

How do you decide what grade of preparation needs to be carried out? Depends on the design life.

30.

When wet blasting, what will you to areas likely to be affected by water and abrasive contamination? Securely mask off.

31.

When can a brush be used to apply paint for offshore structures? In repair maintenance when it is impracticable to use airless.

32.

If B-gas decide to inspect work being carried out what must not happen? All other work must be stopped.

33.

When are destructive tests usually carried out? If there is a problem in maintenance paint or test panels.

34.

Who advises of the voltage to be used when holiday detection tests are being carried out? As per specification - 5 volts per micron or as per the engineer of the paint manufacturer.

35.

What is the procedure for rectifying coatings, which have an inadequate thickness? Rub down with sandpaper and blow them down. Apply mist coat to bring up the required D.F.T.

36.

What document should be used as a reference for the procedures to remove contamination from a surface? Page 8 of

BS 7079. 37.

What type of risk assessments are looked for when undertaking a cleaning and painting procedure? 1. 2. 3. 4.

38.

How safe is the area. Danger - Health and safety. COSHH. Need of climate conditions and lighting.

Who is responsible for the training of personnel to work offshore? The contractor must arrange for his people to be trained.

39.

What are the requirements for 'overside' working? 3 bar rail, scaffolds, board toes, safety net, safety line, life belt, boat with radio contact.

40.

What things might you note when carrying out visual inspection for a) Preparation procedures: Correct procedure, condition of substrate i.e. free from contaminants, scaffolding requirement, blasting equipment's, checks for air purity, observation of rogue peaks i.e. uneven amplitude, high points should be abraded. b) Painting procedures: Correct usage of paints as required by the specification, colours, visual check for any skinning or jelling of paint, whether tin is sealed before first use, shelf life, pot life, paint mixing ratios and appropriate thinner quantity added to the paint, visual observation of the paint system for any paint defects.

c) Cleaning up of area of operations: Removal of paint debris and disposed as per local rules, don't fire.

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PAPER - 3. (B-gas, Painting Grade 1) COATINGS

1.

Give as much information as you can for the following surfaces preparation and paint systems. a) Internal surfaces of potable water tanks: H.S.C. should be coated to Sa 3. Blast media must be removed. Industrial vacuum cleaners are very good and quick. All welds must be strip coated. Apply 3-coat system (as recommended by data sheets). It must be 100% holiday detected by wet sponge method. It should have 300 microns d.f.t high build epoxy.

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b) Materials operating at elevated temperature: It should be blast cleaned to Sa 3. It must have a proven track record like inorganic zinc silicate and modified silicone sealers, poly siloxene. c) Coating designed for living quarters and how they work: Intumescent to 200c. They swell up to many times there own thickness and the wire mesh screen holds them together as the coating turns to a carbonaceous char. Also they should be rated A.60 or H.120 d) Splash zone coatings: It should be blasted to Sa 2 1/2. As per manufacture specification, mostly coal tar epoxy or glass flakes are used. It must be 100% holiday detected, sweep blasted and then tie coat to be carried out. e) Copper, nickel, aluminium, and other nonferrous surfaces: Most nonferrous metals are usually not coated except for cosmetic and colour coding. Aluminium is used in the composition of some coating, and in sacrificial anodes. Hand emery (brade), white spirit for cleaning, apply acrylic urethane coat upto 70 microns d.f.t. f) Helidecks: Heli decks are blasted and coated using non spark and non metal abrasives and paints. Alum surface preparation Sa 2 1/2 like appearance. Maintenance by wire brushing, zinc rich epoxy, 2 pack epoxy, tie coat, baux epoxy (polyamide) g) Instruments / electrical equipment's: It should be masked off to protect them from the preparation and painting operations. Surface preparation to St 3, hand abrade, acrylic coat to 200 microns d.f.t. h) Submerged zone: It can be painted using paint system that can be cured under water. They may be unpainted, as this area is a slow corrosion area. Due to low oxygen , coal tar epoxy as that of splash zone can be applied. i) Top side maintenance: Operations to be carried out by power cleaning to St 3. Apply alum epoxy primer. Mostly hand cleaning preparations only carried out. Brush applied coating with urethane acrylic upto 70 microns d.f.t. j) Galvanized steel structures: Sweep blast and apply. Power wire brush - apply two damaged areas, epoxy mastic chlorinated resin. k) Pipeline riser in the splash zone: It should be coated same as all other steel work in that zone. l) Deck coatings: It should be non-slip escape system. Over the top coating screened coat and seeler should be applied. 3-pack copolymer is applied 2-4mm

PAPER - 4. PAINTING GRADE 1 (B-gas)

1.

What do you understand by the following terms? a) b) c)

L.A.T: Lowest astronomical tide. Elevation: Side view of a platform according to l.a.t. Splash zone: It has a dimensioned area. No other deck has this. It is -2.5 Mts. to +12 Mts. of the l.a.t. Page 11 of

2.

Which statutory instrument document relates to safety at offshore? S1 - 1019

3.

What are the requirements for inspecting scaffolding used at offshore? It must be inspected by competent qualified personnel only, every seven days and always after adverse weather.

4.

How is safe scaffolding identified? By the colour, green tag.

5.

List the safety measures required for over the side working in descending order of preference if scaffolding is not practicable. Safety nets, safety belt line and life jacket.

6.

Name two types of permit to work and give an example on each. Hot: All power driven tools, blasting and spraying equipments. Cold: Working at heights, rubbing down, house keeping.

7.

What documentation is required prior to entering a vessel at offshore? A permit may be required over and above the hot or cold ones issued by a competent person to check whether oxygen is in excess of 20%. A stand by person at the entry, K9 sniffer to determine explosion levels, M.E.L, O.E.L. are also required before entering a vessel.

8.

Who is ultimately responsible for safety at offshore? O.I.M.I.O

9.

Are drilling muds acidic or alkaline? Alkaline. Name three decks, which are main at offshore platforms.

10.

Splash deck, atmospheric deck and topsides deck. 11.

Describe the following areas on an offshore platform. Jacket: It is the support structure of a platform. Caissons: Open pipe work with pumps and filters. Page 12 of

Conductor: Joins riser pipelines to topside pipe work. 12.

What should you do immediately after arriving on an offshore platform? Book in and attend safety briefing.

13.

How are offshore platforms identified? It is identified by operator's name, name of oil or gas field. Letter designation sign is black and yellow in colour.

14.

List three safety considerations for all offshore workers working on a production platform.

15.

Who issues work permits? Nominated responsible person.

16.

For how long must a person work offshore before offshore survival training becomes compulsory? A visitor who visits a platform does not stay overnight, for not more than four times a year and must register his visit every time on the rig.

17.

How often is a medical check required for personnel working at offshore? Below 40 years - 3 years Between 40 - 50 years - 2 years Over 50 years - yearly.

18.

How are escape routes identified on an offshore platform?

19.

By reflective strips, by arrows over the specified deck coat, primary routes -100Mts, secondary routes - 50 Mts. Name three methods of keeping a platform in fixed position? Steel piling, Matt support and sea tanker.

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20.

What precautions should be observed when boarding and travelling in helicopter? As recommended by the C.A.A.

21.

List the essential items of equipment and clothing for an offshore painting inspector 100% cotton overalls, rigger boots, safety helmets, safety glasses, gloves, life jacket and safety suit are the equipment's required for the inspector.

22.

Eddy current paint thickness metres and electrical thermometrs may not be allowed at offshore, why? Possibility of spark from batteries is the reason for not allowing the above said meters.

23.

Explain the following term's platform, module and jacket. Platform: Structures from where operations, drilling and production start at offshore. Module: Large boxes which contain accommodation and compressor etc., Jacket: It is the support structure of a platform.

24.

Which documents are you required to have before boarding a helicopter to go offshore? C.A.A. course certificate, boarding card, medical certificate, safety survival certificate and passport.

25.

What is the abbreviation for O.I.M? Offshore installation manager.

26.

What is the station bill? It is the notice board located outside the radio officer's office.

27.

What must be worn below the cellar deck? A survival suit and a full life jacket.

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28.

In an emergency what is the difference between an intermittent siren and a flashing light, and a continuous siren and a red light? Intermittent siren and flashlight prepare to abandon rig, whereas continuous siren and red light indicates to abandon rig.

29.

What is brucker capsule? It is an escape vessel. It is a fully covered lifeboat.

30.

What are the problems associated with the preparation and painting of helidecks and, splash and tidal zones? Problems associated are weather conditions, limited time factors, air traffic and tide levels.

31.

When would helidecks, tidal and splash zones are painted? They will be painted when there is low tides and when there is no helicopter activity and in day light working only.

32.

What considerations should be given to scaffolding in the splash zone? Removal of boards after work as the tides will wash away loose boards. It should be checked regularly.

33.

Why are rigger boots worn at offshore? It is resistant to oils and kicked of quickly.

34.

Why are nylon overalls usually prohibited? Due to static electricity which can occur. They may also melt.

35.

Describe three methods for fixing a platform in position. Steel piling, matt support and sea tanks are the three methods.

36.

What is derrick lay barge? It is a vessel for laying offshore oil and gas pipelines and setting topsides, risers and for piling of jackets.

37.

Where on platform is the spider deck? Page 15 of

It is the lowest deck. Splash zone walkway between braces and conductors. 38.

Who is a standby man or radioman? He is a person used in the vessel or near enclosed spaces in cases of emergency. He must be always present in person and on the look out. Radioman - he is a 3 way contact, himself, work team and standby boat.

39.

How is a paint application equipment earthed for use at offshore? Blast cleaning and spray equipment shall be continuously electrically bonded from nozzle to the surface being painted and backward from nozzle to the compressor, which shall be earthed.

40

What is the minimum length of nozzle for wet blasting at offshore? One metre long.

41.

Name three types of foulant? Animals, plant and micro-organism.

42.

Describe the meaning of H-120 in relation to fire protection. H - Hydrocarbon and 120 minutes is the time for the fire proof, which is required to protect you.

43.

What is HP / A of a structural member? It is the ratio of the heated premier of the steel to its cross-sectional area.

44.

Name the two major types of fireproof coatings. 1. Cementious 2. Intumesceen Intumescent.

45.

Describe a typical method used to keep a very thick fire proof coating adhered on to a steel substrate. A typical method is by the use of wire netting (reinforced), pinned to the substrate by welding.

46.

Name four types of anti-fouling coatings and briefly describe how they work. Page 16 of

Soluble matrix type: Water-soluble binder, release of resins. Contact insoluble matrix type: Insoluble binder, release of cuprous oxide. Diffusion type: Chlorinated rubber or vinyl binder releases organic solvents and diffuses out. 4. Wash off or self polish type: Copolymerised acrylic binder. Erosion washes off. It is used in offshore structures. On what parts of an offshore structure are anti-foulants applied? 1. 2. 3.

47.

Sub and splash zone legs and upto eight metres of the L.A.T. 48.

Name two common types of toxic material used in anti-foulants. Cuprous oxide, organotin, mercury arsenic - restricted use.

49.

Name four environmental factors that will govern the effective life of an anti-fouling coating. 1. 2. 3. 4.

50.

Wave speed High salinity of water Water temperature erosion High pH levels

What do you understand by an encapsulated area at offshore? The area is fully enclosed working area usually for safety or climate.

51.

What type of fire proof coating swells up when it reaches high temperature of 200c? Intumescent.

52.

Name four considerations for selecting the thickness of a specific fire proof coating for protecting structural steel. 1. 2. 3. 4.

53.

Type of fire Duration of protection H / PA of the structural formation The critical temperature of the steel (400c is most common)

How do cellulosic fires differ from hydrocarbon fires? Hydrocarbons are fuel by oils or gases. Cellulosic fires take longer time to reach their maximum temperature. (High thermal shock-1250c, short time) Page 17 of

54.

Name five ways a fire protective coating can insulate from fire. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

55.

A thermally insulating layer A barrier to exclude oxygen from the combustion surface The formation of a heat resistant and non combust layer The evolution of non combust gases or water to quench the flames The removal of a fire attached outer surface to reveal a cooler surface.

What type of fire proof coating is currently in favour for use at offshore? Intumescent.

56.

How are anti-fouling coatings applied? It is usually applied by airless spray.

57.

The B-gas draft specification entitled ' Specification for painting and coating of offshore structures related equipment properties and performance of paints and coatings' is the - BG / OS / PS / 1206

58.

How is the splash zone defined? Splash zone has a dimension in area. No other deck has this dimension. It is -2.5 Mts. to +12 Mts. of the L.A.T.

59.

Are copper nickel surfaces painted? If so discuss the reasons for painting them. Yes, copper nickel surfaces are painted, for colour coding and cosmetic coating on pipe work.

60.

Whose responsibility is it to provide up to date data and product safety sheets for the paints / coatings and solvents used on the contract? Coating manufacturers.

61.

What is the minimum surface preparation standard for internal coating on caissons? SA 3.

62.

What is the amplitude range required for blast cleaned surfaces? 50 - 75 microns. Page 18 of

63.

For what distance must surface preparation overlap onto adjacent painted areas. 50 mm.

64.

What surface preparation method is used within one hour of abrasive wet blasting? Primer coated, pressure washed with fresh potable water.

65.

Is it permissible to use inhibitors for wet blasting? No. They can leave a deposit on the surface.

66.

What is the temperature, dew point and relative humidity restriction for finish blasting? Dew point should be above 3c above the substrate temperature. RH should not be higher than 85%.

67.

Is blast cleaning permitted at night? Yes, but the job must be finished in morning daylight.

68.

What type of cleaning is normally specified for repair and maintenance work and to what grade? Wire brushing to St 3.

69.

Are power impact tools permitted? In special occasions by agreement by B-gas engineer. When other methods are not suitable follow by brushing to St3.

70.

Is it permissible to paint with non-moisture tolerance system if the air temperature is 13c, the metal surface is 12c and the dew point is 9c? No. Dew point is less than 3c of the metal substrate. It should be over three degrees. RH % is not known. Manufacturer recommendations are to be followed.

71.

Is it permissible to apply paints from a single Bosuns chair? Yes. Not to be spray applied. Brush application only is allowed.

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72.

What application requirements are specified for the spray application of paint to large surface area? By airless spray following manufacturers instructions. Uniform parallel passes have to be followed.

73.

Name six areas on the offshore structure that must have coatings applied -BS729. Gratings, ladders, cages, handrails, standard walkways, kick plates and duct work.

74.

75.

Can stainless steel surfaces be painted? If so discuss the reasons for painting them. Yes, they can be painted, if the area is under insulation to prevent chlorideinstigated corrosion and for protection from heat. Which procedure would take precedence if there is a conflict between the project specification and the 12 - 06 / A. 12 - 06 / B, project specification takes precedence.

76.

Does the B-gas inspector has the right to check scaffolding? Yes, but cannot approve.

77.

Can authorization for over coating be given verbally by the B-gas inspector? Yes, but has to put it in writing later.

78.

How are painted surfaces, damaged to bare steel during transistor installation, prepared prior to repair? Preparations prior to repair are, repair it to original system. Extend 50 mm onto sound coat i.e. use same blast standard, prime intermediate and topcoats to same D.F.T's.

79.

How are amplitudes of blasted surfaces checked / measured? By using testex tape & micrometer, by profile gauge, surface needle gauge.

80.

How are D.F.T's measured? They are measured with an elcometer type, dry film gauge called magnetic banana gauge. Except for M.I.O. where W.F.T. to calculate D.F.T. is Vs x WFT Page 20 of

IN 81.

For which coatings is 100% holiday detection specified? For all coatings from below cellar to seabed, coal tar epoxy, glass flake epoxy and poly siloxane.

82.

How are adhesion tests carried out? By X - cut, cross hatch or dolly test.

83.

How many coats of anti-fouling paint are applied to specified areas? Three to four coats after tie-coat.

84.

What paint / coating system is specified for splash zones and to what thickness? Coal tar epoxy - 200 microns, epoxy primer - 30 microns, total 630 - microns. Glass flake epoxy - 2 x 250 microns, epoxy primer - 30 microns, total - 530 microns. Discuss the full system from dry blast preparation to find coat, for coating the underside of a cellular deck onshore.

85.

Blast clean to Sa 2 1/2, zinc rich epoxy primer - tie coat, then 3 coats of high build epoxy. 86.

What type of primer is to be used on the underside of a cellar deck if wire brushing is used instead of blasting? High solids aluminium epoxy.

87.

What coating system is specified for conductors? Coal tar epoxy - same coating as in the zone.

88.

What coating system s specified for internally coating caissons? Sa 3 - blasting glass flake, epoxy polyester - 2 mm.

89.

How are escape routes to be identified? By arrows made from reflective strips.

90.

For what application is heavy-duty screed specified? Page 21 of

Heavy duty deck areas, major wear, non-skid areas, copolymers screed, escape route, helideck, skid deck and drill deck. 91.

What finish coat is specified for the topside zone and why? Ultraviolet, urethane acrylics are the finish coats specified. It has good resistance, gloss retention, easily cleared and strong binder impermeable.

92.

Is the painting of galvanized surfaces specified? Discuss. Yes. Because the hot dip surfaces must be in compliance with BS 729 also there are systems for O/coating galvanized items and the repair of damaged galvanized areas by epoxy mastics. Colour code to be given.

93.

What type of surface preparation is specified if it is necessary to coat Cu-Ni or Ni alloys? The surface has to be degreased, lightly abraded and washed with fresh water and dried. Coat with urethane or epoxy etch primer only on aluminium. Do not blast clean.

94.

For what application may zinc silicate with a sealer be specified? Atmospheres at high elevated temperature 121c to 350c, flare stacks, turbine exhausts and as per manufacturer's specification.

95.

How are damaged coatings prepared and repaired when they have not exposed the metal surface? Damaged coatings should be suitably cleaned and chamfered to ensure patch coating is continuous. The build up is to be upto the specified thickness and systems.

96.

Coating must not come within fifty mm for preparing welds.

97.

What is insulation used for? It is used for conserving heat, cold, for personnel protection, frost and anticondensation.

98.

Name the three general types of materials used in an insulation system. Calcium silicate, rock wool, expanded perlite and modified slag wool. Page 22 of

99.

Which B-gas specification applies to acoustic cladding? BGC - PS - PW C1

100.

What is the aim of acoustic cladding? Its main aim is to cut down noise level by 10 - 20 decibels.

101.

What is the typical thickness for acoustic cladding? 50 - 100 mm.

102.

What is the metal jacket composed for acoustic cladding? Aluminium alloy, galvanized mild steel.

103.

What is the insulation banding made from? Metallic and non-metallic banding must be made from the same material as that of the jacket.

104.

What are the requirements for mastic sealant and rubber or neoprene bedding strips? It must be suitable for use at temperature between -20c to +50c and in rare occasion upto 80c.

105.

What are nuts, bolts and washers made from? They are made of either stainless steel or zinc coated mild steel.

106.

What are the four basic operations for applying acoustic cladding? 1. 2. 3. 4.

107.

Preparation Insulation and fixing Repeat insulation and fixing if required Metal cladding and fixing.

What is the minimum overlap for the metal jacket on to itself? 25 mm.

108.

What action is taken when cladding reaches a branch pipe? A clearance of 6 mm is maintained and mastic filled. Page 23 of

109.

Which specification applies to thermal insulation? BGC - PS - PW C2.

110.

What is vermiculite? Vermiculite is a loose granular fill type of insulation.

111.

Name six materials that could be used for thermal insulation. Foamed glass, rock wool, modified slag wool, expanded perlite, calcium silicate and phenolic foam (not to be used in buildings).

112.

What total thickness could be specified for thermal insulation? Between 50 - 100 mm and in certain case upto 400 mm.

113.

For what application are vapour seals used? It is used for cryogenic application.

114.

What type of metal cladding is used for thermal insulation? Either aluminium alloy or galvanized mild steel sheeting where greater rigidity is needed.

115.

What is an alternative to metal cladding for thermal insulation?

116.

Self-setting cement, glass cloth and hard setting composition. Name six binding materials used for thermal insulation. Wire netting, binding wire, self taping screws, binding tape, nuts and bolts and adhesive joint sealant.

117.

List four basic operations for applying insulation for heat conservation and protection? Preparations repeat insulation and fixing if required, metal cladding and fixing or self-setting or hard setting cement.

118.

List the five basic operations for applying insulation for cold conservation and cryogenic service.

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Stagger insulation, first layer of vapour sealing compound, scrum cloth embedded in first sealing, second layer of seal then cladding and banding seal, vapour seal and metal cladding are the five basic operations. 119.

How frequently is binding wire used when insulating pipe works? At 150 mm intervals.

120.

How frequently are fixing bands used on equipment? 300 mm.

121.

How frequently are fixing bands used on metal cladding? 450 mm.

122.

What is the minimum metal cladding overlap on pipes greater than 40-mm diameter? 75 mm.

123.

Where is anti-abrasive compound used? For fixing material.

124.

What is the temperature range applicable to the B-gas specification for thermal insulation? - 200c to + 1000c

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