Benzyl Chloride From Toluene by Chlorination

BENZYL CHLORIDE FROM TOLUENE BY CHLORINATION

INTRODUCTION

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Benzyl chloride is an organic compound with the formula C 7H7Cl. This colourless colourless liquid is a reactive reactive organoc organochloride hloride that is a widely widely used chemic chemical al  building block.

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It’s another name alpha-chlorotoluene alpha-chlorotoluene

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Preferred IUP IUPAC AC name name is (chloromethyl)benzene.

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Benzyl chloride is liquid at room temperature and production volume is 7,700 tonnes/year in 1993 in japan.

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Its used as a intermediate chemical as dyes, platicizers,flavorants, prefumes.

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Benzyl chloride is an alkylating agent. benzyl chloride reacts with water in a hydrolysis reaction to form benzyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid.

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 benzyl chloride mostly used at benzyl ben zyl butyl phthalate and plasticizer plast icizer used extensively in vinyl flooring and other flexible poly (vinyl chloride) uses such as food packing.

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In dyes industry benzyl chloride is used as intermediate in manufacture of triphenylmethane triphenylm ethane dyes.

Toluene properties

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Molecular formula-C6H5CH3

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Molecular Molecu lar weightweight- 92.141 g/mol g/mol

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AppearanceAppeara nce- colourle colourless ss liquid liquid

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Boiling point- 11 111 1oc

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PressurePressu re- 40.55a 40.55atm tm

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Chemical Chemi cal name- toluen toluenee (or) anisen

Chlorine properties

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Molecula Mole cularr for formul mulaa- cl2

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Molecularr weightMolecula weight- 70.8 g/mol

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Boiling Boil ing pointpoint- -34. -34.04 04oc

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Appearance-pale yellow –  yellow – green green gas

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DensityDens ity- 0.00 0.002898 2898

Benzyl chloride properties

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Chemical formula-C7H7Cl

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Molecular weight-126.58 g/mol

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OdourOdou r- pun pungen gentt

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Density-1.100g/cm3

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Boiling point-179oc

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Solubility- soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether,chloroform.

various process

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Blanc chloromethy chloromethylation lation of benzene

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Gas-phase photochemical reaction of toluene with chlorine

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Benzyl chloride from toluene by chlorination chlor ination process.

Selection process

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Benzyl chloride from toluene by chlorination process C6H5CH3 + Cl2  C6H5CH2Cl + HCL

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This process toluene and chlorine is reacted at using a ferric chloride as a catalyst. Then manufacture by benzyl chloride and hydrochloric acid.

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The benzyl chloride production is very low impurities.

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And also colorless clear liquid.

Advantage: 

Benzyl chloride minimum is 99.5%.

Process description

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The benzyl chloride production at liquid stage.

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Then raw material is toluene are liquid at 100-110oc heated .It will be at liquid and gases phase.

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Chlorine in dry gas phase passing at chlorinator chlor inator in bottom, and adding a catalyst (ferric chloride) it will boost up a reaction.

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The toluene at liquid phase and chlorine chlor ine at gas phase is reaction occurred as a (benzyl chloride +hydrochloric acid) is formed.

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When the gas phase (toluene and chlorine) chlor ine) passing at scrubber in between condensating a toluene it will phase changed at gases to liquid.

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At bottom of the scrubber get toluene. Then it passed to neutralizer and it will be neutralize for using base compound at top of the neutralizer.

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But the base compounds compounds are at dilute alkali e.g.; cao (calcium chloride), chloride), NaOH (sodium hydroxide)…now we using NaOH as a base compound. compound.

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 Neutralize processed processed at sodium hydroxide react react with HCL and form as sodium sodium chloride+ water and taken at bottom of the tank.

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When the solution is formed at liquid then passing at distillation column. column. It can be separated by boiling point to recovery the toluene, then produce benzyl chloride. The  benzyl chloride chloride is conversion of 70% and another another process is photo photo chlorination chlorination reaction.

Material balance

Basis

Benzyl chloride

= 15,000 ton/year  =15,000 * 1000 kg/year  =15000000/345 kg/day =43478 kg/day = 43478/24 kg/hr  =1800 kg/hr 

Conversion =70% Yield = 95%

MATERIAL BALANCE FOR CHLORINATOR  Compound

Input (kg/hr)

Output (kg/hr)

Toluene

1404 kg/hr

- - -- -

Chlorine

1152 kg/hr

- - -- -

Benzyl chloride

- -- --

1699 kg/hr  

HCL

- -- --

90 kg/hr  

Mixer of products

- -- --

767 kg/hr  

total

2556

2556

(383.5 (383.5 kg/hr) kg/hr)

MATERIAL MA TERIAL BALANCE FOR SCRUBBER  SCRUB BER  Compound

Input

Mixer of prod product uct

767 kg/hr

Output

- -- -

Chlorine

-- -- ---

383.5 kg kg/hr  

Toluene

- - --- --

383.5 kg kg/hr  

total

767

767

MATERIAL BALANCE FOR ACID ABSORBER  Compound

Input

Output

Chlorine

383.5 kg/hr

- -- ---

Water

97.48 kg

-- -- --

Vent

- -- --- -

86.65 kg

Hydrochloric acid

- -- --- --

394.28 kg/hr  

total

480.93

480.93

MATERIAL BALANCE FOR NEUTRALIZER  Compound

Input

Output

Benzyl chloride

1699 kg/hr

1699 kg/hr  

Toluene

383.5 383.5 kg/hr  kg/hr 

Hydrochloric acid

90 kg/hr

-- -- ---

Sodium hydroxide

98.88 kg/hr

- -- - ----

383.5 383.5 kg/hr  kg/hr 

Sodium chloride

-- -- --

145 kg/hr  

Water

-- -- -

4 4 .5 k g

MATERIAL BALANCE FOR DISTILLATION DISTILLA TION COLUMN Compound

Input

Output

Benzyl chloride

1699 kg/hr

1699 kg/hr  

Toluene

383.5 kg kg/hr

383.5 kg kg/hr  

total

2082 kg/hr

2082 kg/hr