BC619 ALE Technology BC619
Release 46D 26.03.2003
0
Print lists are the results of reports in R/3. They are taken from the R/3 database. The standard R/3 System contains a number of pre-defined reports, for example:
0.2
Copyright
Copyright 2002 SAP AG. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. All rights reserved.
SAP AG 2002
Trademarks: Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. Microsoft®, WINDOWS®, NT®, EXCEL®, Word®, PowerPoint® and SQL Server® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. IBM®, DB2®, OS/2®, DB2/6000®, Parallel Sysplex®, MVS/ESA®, RS/6000®, AIX®, S/390®, AS/400®, OS/390®, and OS/400® are registered trademarks of IBM Corporation. ORACLE® is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation. INFORMIX®-OnLine for SAP and INFORMIX® Dynamic ServerTM are registered trademarks of Informix Software Incorporated. UNIX®, X/Open®, OSF/1®, and Motif® are registered trademarks of the Open Group. HTML, DHTML, XML, XHTML are trademarks or registered trademarks of W3C ®, World Wide Web Consortium, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. JAVA® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. JAVASCRIPT® is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc., used under license for technology invented and implemented by Netscape. SAP, SAP Logo, R/2, RIVA, R/3, ABAP, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, WebFlow, SAP EarlyWatch, BAPI, SAPPHIRE, Management Cockpit, mySAP.com Logo and mySAP.com are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and in several other countries all over the world. All other products mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
0.3
ALE Technology - Course Environment Level 2
Level 3 BC619
3 days
Application Link Enabling (ALE) BC620 2 days SAP IDoc Interface (Standard) BC095 3 days Integration Technologies for Business Solutions CA150
2 days
Business Framework: Overview
CA210 EDI Interface
BC420
5 days
Data Transfer
CA927 5 days Programming with BAPIs in C++ SAP AG 1999
Data exchange
4 days
CA925 5 days Programming with BAPIs in Visual Basic
BC621 1 day SAP IDoc Interface (Development)
BC415 2 days Interface Programming in ABAP CA926 5 days Programming with BAPIs in JAVA
Interface programming
0.4
Display
0.5 Warning: All document types are provided, even those which are not normally provided by this method, for example, outgoing PDF documents.
1 Course Overview
Contents: Course Goal Course Objectives Overview of Contents
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
1.2
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
1.3
Example of Application Integration: Sales (SD, FI) Sales
Inquiry
Incoming customer inquiry/ Ammended customer inquiry
Quotation
outgoing customer quotation
Order
Incoming customer order/ Ammended customer order outgoing order confirmation
Shipping Incoming cust. sched. agrmt/ Ammended cust. sched. agrmt outgoing delivery note
Delivery
Billing Debit memo
Billing document
Credit memo
outgoing rebate credit memo outgoing invoice outgoing reminder (dunning notice)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
1.4
For Release 4.5A, the R/3 Business Process 'Sales' was completed by integrating the outgoing reminders (FI). All other named document types have been standard since Release 3.0.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
2 Business Processes and Business Objects
Contents: Business Processes in Companies Distributed Business Processes SAP R/3 Business Objects IDocs and Message Types BAPIs ALE Integration Technology ALE Business Processes
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
2.2
Business Processes and Business Objects: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: Understand the relationship between business processes and business data objects Identify the advantages and disadvantages of distributing business processes Understand IDocs, messages types and BAPIs Understand the purpose of ALE
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
2.3
Customizing: Overview and Basic Settings: Unit Objectives
Understanding of logic and order when customizing ArchiveLink scenarios Definition of content repositories and activation of individual document types for a content repository
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
2.4
Business Processes in the Company
Business processes, tasks and work steps R/3 business objects are used for structuring business data Workflow supports business processes An integrated ERP System such as SAP R/3 automatically fulfils the requirements for shared data access and a workflow controlled process.
SAP AG 1999
Business processes, business objects and Workflow In all companies business processes consist of a sequence of work steps in which individual tasks are completed. When the individual tasks are processed, usually existing data is accessed or new business data is created, for example, customer addresses, bank details, purchase orders. The person processing the data must have authorization to access shared data. In R/3 Systems business data is structured in business objects. The processing of business processes must be supported by appropriate workflow functions. The processor of the subsequent task must be notified and if there is an error situation, the correct work steps must be started. An integrated ERP System such as SAP R/3 automatically fulfils the requirements for shared data access and a workflow controlled process.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
2.5
Distributed Business Processes
Regional installation
Country-wide installation
local system
business objects
SAP AG 1999
Distributed Business Processes For various reasons it is practical to decentralize business applications for ensuring simultaneous data consistency. You must ensure that the distributed applications can access shared data. The semantics of this data must be synchronized - updated data must be available in each business environment. To be able to distribute business processes application data must also be distributed. Business objects are used to distribute this data.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
2.6
Customizing: Overview - Definition of communication - Definition of content repositories - Assignment of business objects to content repositories
Store for later entry/assignment
Storing outgoing image documents
FI
SD
MM
Entry-program ?
Assign then store
Store with bar code
QM
Basic Customizing
Scenario Customizing
Storing print lists
PM
PP
HR
DMS ADK
Display program?
Application Customizing
Front end Customizing
SAP AG 1999
The increasing globalization of markets has led to the increasing separation of organizational units. Work steps need to be carried out locally but also be part of a distributed business process. When enterprises are bought or sold business fields must be quickly integrated or deleted. Business processes are not restricted to one enterprise only. More and more customers and suppliers are being included in business processes. In the Internet age business processes are taking place between companies. A process confined to company boundaries is therefore now unusual. Autonomous units (e.g. local production plants, sales units) in an enterprise do not want to be dependent on a centrally administered system. There may be several reasons for this: When structuring a process, flexibility and individuality is very important. The technical infrastructure for communicating with a central system is not sufficiently developed in all regions for enterprises that operate globally. Release strategies can be independent and individual.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
2.7
Business Object Business objects are defined by object types in the BOR (Business Object Repository). Methods (functions executed on objects), attributes, and key fields are defined for a business object here. A business object is a concrete form of an object type. For e xample, the incoming R/3 invoice with document number 4711, company code 0001, fiscal year 2000 is a concrete form of the object type BKPF (accounting documents). Communication between SAP application components and SAP ArchiveLink is by business objects, which means if a concrete business object calls an SAP ArchiveLink function, it transfers the object type, and the data keys of the business object to SAP ArchiveLink. The call for the function "Display document" for the business object above is: "Displa y document BKPF 0001 4711 2000".
Systems that map core processes in logistics (production, plant maintenance, warehouse management system, shipping) have to be available 24 hours every day. The costs of such a high level of system availability should be kept limited to systems providing this core functionality.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
2.8
Reasons for Distributed Applications III
Distributed applications arise due to: Load distribution mySAP.com components (New Dimension Applications) Failure risks Use of existing systems
SAP AG 1999
Limited system resources (in particular the DB server) make it necessary to distribute the workload across several systems. Keep in mind that the primary function of ALE is not in handling performance bottle necks. With efficient distribution ALE scenarios can reduce the system load in operative systems (e.g. consolidating nested application data for reporting). mySAP.com components (New Dimension applications) are to be used.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
2.9
What Distinguishes an Integrated ERP System?
R/3 is an integrated, business application software. This integration enables:
Application master data to be shared
To model processes as one unit and to control all their dependencies centrally
To update and monitor quantity and value flows synchronously
SAP AG 1999
Control of the external content server is determined in the content repository definition. Because HTTP is used for control, the SAP system has to register on the HTTP content server with a certificate. This process takes place in the content server administration (transaction CSADMIN) of the SAP Knowledge Provider (Kpro).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
2.10
Questions You Should Ask
Does the function scope of the individual applications meet my requirements?
How complex and consistent are distributed systems?
Are the participating departments prepared to support the required harmonization and standardization at all business and technical levels?
Global versus local standards
Free space of the decentralized organizational units
How high are the operating costs of a distributed environment?
Hardware and software
Additional employees
Training costs
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
2.11
Organizational Prerequisites
Identify the business process Identify the reasons Analyze the organizational structure of the company Identify the business objects
SAP AG 1999
Analysis of the company organizational structure Identify the organizational units Global organizational units: business areas, company codes
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
2.12
SAP R/3 Business Objects
A business object
Is the technical representation of a business object in the real world, for example, a purchase order
Encapsulates business logic
Enables access only via defined interfaces (BAPIs)
Hides internal details, so that the implementation is independent from the external environment.
Is stored and managed in the Business Object Repository (BOR)
BusinessObjekt
SAP AG 1999
SAP R/3 Business Objects
Definition:
Technical representation of a real world business object: Customer, vendor, business partner, G/L account Purchase order, purchase requisition Material, class
Business processes are modeled using a business object flow.
Encapsulates business logic Enables access only via defined interfaces (BAPIs, IDoc updating function modules). Complex data structures are assigned to a business object: message type, business APIs. Hides internal details so that the implementation can be changed externally. Stored and managed in the Business Object Repository (BOR) .
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
2.13
Implementation Guide (IMG): Basis Components --> Basis Services-->SAP ArchiveLink -->Basic Settings -->Maintain Links (Transaction OAC3)
Structure of SAP R/3 Business Objects So that SAP business objects can be encapsulated, they are created as entities with different layers. At the heart of an SAP business object is the core that contains the object data. The second layer is the integrity layer and represents the business logic of the object. It includes the business rules to ensure consistent embedding in the environment and the constraints for values and applications that can refer to the business object. . The third layer - the interface layer describes the implementation and structure of the SAP business object and defines the object interface to the external environment. The fourth layer of a business object is the access layer. This layer defines the technologies that can be used for the external access to the object data e.g. COM/DCOM (Component Object Model/Distributed Component Object Model).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
2.14
Examples of Business Objects
Accounting
Sales and Distribution
Accounts
Sales organization
Charts of accounts
Customer enquiry
...
Sales order
Controlling
Materials Management
Cost accounting area
Purchasing organization
Cost type
Purchase requisition
Reconciliation ledger
Purchase order
...
Framework order
...
SAP AG 1999
Each business object belongs to a specific object class depending on its characteristics and its type. These object classes are called object types. For example, all the employees of a company belong to the object type “employee”.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
2.15
Business Object Repository (BOR)
Collection of all business objects (BO)
BO BO BO BO BO BO
BOR
ArchiveLink
BO BO
Business Workflow
BO BO
BO BO BO BO BAPI BAPI
BO BAPI BAPI BO
BAPI BAPI
BO BAPI BO BAPI
Access & interfaces BO BO
BAPI BAPI
Modeling
SAP AG 1999
All business objects are defined in the Business Object Repository (BOR) within SAP. The BOR contains two categories of object types: Business object types Interface types BOR objects are processed by the Business Object Builder. The path in the SAP menu is Tools ABAP Workbench Development Business Object Builder.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
2.16
Business Object Repository Browser
SAP AG 1999
The BOR Browser is called from the Business Object Builder. Choose the pushbutton Business Object Repository and then display all the object types.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
2.17
Storing with Bar Codes: Business Scenario
Bar code scenarios as very simple introductory scenarios with no effect on processes and organization using the example: Invoice receipt processing (FI) with the scenario "Late Storing with Bar Codes"
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
2.18
Programming Interface for Business Objects
RFC-enabled function modules Batch input-enabled transactions Application interfaces for IDocs Business Application Programming Interfaces (BAPIs)
Available as of R/3 4.0A
Called synchronously via RFC
Called asynchronously via ALE interface
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
2.19
IDocs
An IDoc is a container for the data of a business object or technical R/3 object Each IDoc has a message type. This indicates the type of business object or the business function of the data. Message types have processing rules in the receiving system. An IDoc contains the data in a segment hierarchy. The IDoc type describes the technical structure of the IDoc. IDoc types have versions.
SAP AG 1999
Technical R/3 objects for IDocs with a message type exist, for example, audit data (ALEAUD) and distribution group (CONDA2) An IDoc has different characteristics: database table, text, HTML file, XML datastream, RFC call parameters.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
2.20
Structure of an IDoc Components of an IDoc Control record IDoc type information: basic type, extension, IDoc type, message type, sender and reciver information. Technical information: release, serialization information, creation date and time
Structure of the data records (IDoc type) Hierarchy level 2 Header Header segment segment
Hierarchy level 3 Segment Segment 11
Data records E1HDR E1SEG1 E1SEG2 E1SEG3 E1SUB1 E1SUB2 E1SEGM4 E1SEGM5 E1SUB3
mandatory mandatory Curr. Curr. No. No. 11 Transfer Transfer No. No. 00
xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxx xxxx xxxxxxxx
Segment Segment 33
optional optional
Curr. Curr. No. No. 33 Transfer Transfer No. No. 11
Hierarchy level 4 Subsegment Subsegment 11
Curr. Curr. No. No. 44 Transfer Transfer No. No. 33
Subsegment Subsegment 22
Curr. Curr. No. No. 55 Transfer Transfer No. No. 33
Hierarchy level 3
Status records in database “For processing"
16:22:34
“Successfully processed"
16:22:42
mandatory mandatory Curr. Curr. No. No. 22 Transfer Transfer No. No. 11
Segment Segment 44
Curr. Curr. No. No. 66 Transfer Transfer No. No. 11
Segment Segment 55
Curr. Curr. No. No. 77 Transfer Transfer No. No. 11
SAP AG 1999
Status records are data records assigned locally to an IDoc - they not part of an IDoc . They are not sent together with the IDoc.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
20
2.21
Storing with bar codes consists of two independent steps that are linked together by SAP ArchiveLink.
An example of an IDoc type is MATMAS03 Short description: master material Release 4.6A First predecessor MATMAS01 Predecessor MATMAS02 Whether the storing with bar codes is "late" or "early" depends on which step is performed first.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
21
2.22 Using this scenario, it is possible to link several incoming documents with the same SAP business object within one linkage run. This means that the same bar code number must be attached to all those incoming documents. It is normally only used in this pa rticular case.
Message types specify the semantics of application data. The message type is usually based on an EDIFACT message type. The syntax (structure information) of the data is described in the IDoc type.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
22
2.23
Business Application Programming Interfaces
BAPIs Are methods of business objects Are managed in the Business Object Repository Are stable and release-independent Have an open interface Applications support maintenance and further development through change management
SAP AG 1999
Change Management Compatible changes are parameter extensions With incompatible changes new BAPIs must be created: Object.Create -> Object.Create1
(C) SAP AG
BC619
23
2.24
Why Use BAPIs?
BAPIs: Are used to separate R/3 components and their responsibilities Are the basis of distributed ALE business processes that use both synchronous and asynchronous communication Open up the R/3 System to desktop applications in C, Visual Basic and Java Have a link to the object model COM/DCOM Support the R/3 Internet connection using the SAP Business Connector Provide a simple programming model for customers' and partners' own developments
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
24
2.25
Typical Methods
GetList Gets a list of key fields of objects that meet specific selection criteria (search function)
GetDetail, GetStatus Gets details (attributes) of an object with a fully specified key
Create, CreateMultiple Generates instances of R/3 business objects
Replicate, SaveReplica, SaveReplicaMultiple Used to replicate ALE data
Change, ChangeMultiple Changes instances of R/3 business objects
Delete, ExistenceCheck Deletes instances and checks for the existence of instances in R/3
Check, Post Used in accounting for checking and posting
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
25
2.26
BAPIs are defined as methods of SAP business objects in the Business Object Repository (BOR) and implemented as function modules in R/3. Object-oriented access: Object-oriented access to BAPIs in the BOR can be implemented using various programming platforms, e.g. Windows NT, Win9x, DCOM/COM RFC access: You can execute direct RFC calls to the function module that forms the basis of the BAPI, either using ABAP or from external development platforms, e.g. by using RFC Class Libraries of C/C++.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
26
2.27
BAPIs in the Business Object Browser
SAP AG 1999
Example: business object BUS2012 - purchase order
(C) SAP AG
BC619
27
2.28
BAPI Explorer
SAP AG 1999
BAPI Explorer (transaction BAPI)
(C) SAP AG
BC619
28
2.29
ALE Integration Technology
Accounting Controlling (central) SOP (central) Information systems: Inventory Purchasing Sales Purchasing (central) Reference system for master and control data
PP (prod. planning) Inventory management Sales, shipping and billing (internal) Purchasing (local) PM (Plant Maintenance) SOP (local)
Semantic Synchronization
Sales, shipping and billing Purchasing of trading goods Inventory management Controlling (local)
SAP AG 1999
ALE was originally used to distribute business processes by forwarding the required data and triggering a workflow in the external system. The focus was on a company's internal distribution scenarios: department-to-department Using the stable IDoc interface ALE enables business processes that go beyond company boundaries: business-to-business. ALE is independent of the communication layer and can implement business processes over the Internet.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
29
2.30
Purpose of ALE
Supports data consistency and data availability in distributed business processes Provides an infrastructure for coupling systems loosely through asynchronous messaging using IDocs or coupling systems narrowly through synchronous BAPI calls Enables distribution between systems with different release versions Enables R/3 to communicate with non-SAP systems and R/2 Provides functions for administration, monitoring and development Predefined ALE business processes cover important business functions (Library of ALE Business Processes)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
30
2.31
ALE Business Processes
Distribution of master data Distribution of transaction data
SAP AG 1999
ALE business processes distribute master data and transaction data. HR Personnel Management Settings Implementation Guide (IMG): Personnel Management--> Personnel Administration--> Tools--> Optical Archiving
(C) SAP AG
BC619
31
2.32
Manual Storing
Storing an image document relating to an existing business object This is an enhancement rather than a business scenario Ad hoc cases The image document is manually assigned to the business object Store and assignment in SAP - transaction OAWD SAP Easy Access: Office--> Business Documents--> Documents --> Move--> Scenario "Assign then store"
SAP AG 1999
Outbound function module for the IDoc interface
Outbound function modules for asynchronous BAPI calls
MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE ALE__
Inbound function modules for IDoc via tRFC INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESS (3.x) IDOC_INBOUND_ASYNCHRONOUS (ab 4.x) Inbound function modules for updating message types
IDOC_INPUT_MSGTYPE
Inbound function modules for updating asynchronous BAPIs BAPI__
(C) SAP AG
BC619
32
2.33
The application object type should provide a correctly implemented business object method, EXISTENCECHECK. If not, then you cannot check the existence of the entered business object key.
Messaging systems are used increasingly, especially in heterogeneous integrated system networks (R/3 Systems, R/2 Systems, and non-SAP Systems) with a number of permanent interfaces between systems running on different platforms. Data containers (messages) can be consistently exchanged between the systems in near real-time, using a service that can be maintained centrally. Certified products can be found under: http://www.sap.com/csp -> Complementary Products -> ALE Message Handling. Interfaces for EDI messages are built into the R/3 application components. It is important to note that SAP does not supply or sell EDI conversion/communication software (EDI subsystem), but provides an open, common interface to such systems (CA-EDI). EDI subsystems assume responsibility for all EDI-oriented tasks, such as data convertion, communication, partner profile administration and monitoring of processing. Certified products can be found under: http://www.sap.com/csp -> Complementary Products -> EDI Subsystems. The ALE concept involves using external converters to connect non-SAP Systems to the R/3 System. External converters are generic format conversion programs. The ALE converter enhances the interface concept in EDI subsystems by offering customer-defined assignments. They recognize the format of any interface structure of a non-SAP System and not just standard EDIFACT or ANSI-X12 formats. Certified products can be found under: http://www.sap.com/csp -> Complementary Products -> ALE Converters.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
33
2.34
Message Conversion Between ERP Systems Different conversion methods are possible Which conversion method is used depends on the relationship between the partners Without conversion
SAP System R/3
ALE Converter
EDI Subsystem
SAP System R/3
SAP System R/3 IDoc
IDoc
EDI Subsystem IDoc
ALE Converter
EDI
Converter
? ?
SAP System R/3
ERP System
ERP System
SAP AG 1999
If both partners use SAP R/3 Systems and trust each other, the pure use of SAP IDocs for communication is possible without conversion. ALE converters can be used for internal communication and for communication between enterprises. An assignment step is all that is required. ALE converters are used in external enterprise communication if there is a high level of trust between the partners or if one partner is very dependent on the other.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
34
2.35
Business Processes and Business Objects: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Understand the relationship between business processes and business data objects Identify the advantages and disadvantages of distributing business processes Understand IDocs, messages types and BAPIs Understand the purpose of ALE
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
35
2.36Business Processes and Business Objects: Exercises
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Interface Adviser At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Understand the structure of the “Interface Adviser” Understand the content of the “Interface Adviser”
You want to gain an overview of existing SAP integration scenarios and available technologies for your interface planning phase.
1-1
Log on to SAPNet with the user data (ID and password) given to you by your instructor: http://sapnet.sap.com/int-adviser 1-1-1 Work through the section ‘Introduction’.
1-2
Become familiar with the structure of the “Interface Adviser”. 1-2-1 Where is the core scenario “Sales and Distribution processing standalone”? 1-2-2 How many variants are explained in detail? 1-2-3 What master data is distributed in variant 4?
1-3
(C) SAP AG
Which basis technology requirements are mentioned for communication with the R/3-System 3.11 via RFC for external platforms?
BC619
36
Exercises Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Business Object Repository
At the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to: Navigate through the application hierarchy of the business objects in the Business Object Repository.
You want to know where you can find business objects in the R/3 System, and where you can call up information about your attributes, interfaces, and so on.
1-1
Open the Business Object Repository Browser for all object types in order to display existing objects in the R/3 System. 1-1-1 Expand the hierarchy node of any hierarchy. 1-1-2 What do the colors of the objects and the STOP indicator signify? 1-1-3 Display details for the business object ‘sales order (BUS2032)’.
1-2
Use the Business Object Builder in order to identify the object with the technical name BUS1001. 1-2-1 What is the key field for this object ?
(C) SAP AG
BC619
37
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Business Application Programming Interface
At the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to: Find BAPIs directly in the R/3 System, and understand the connection between the definition in the BOR and the actual implementation of the function module.
You want to know where you can find the external interfaces for business objects in the R/3 System, and where you can call up further details about their parameters.
2-1
Use the BAPI Explorer to display business objects with BAPIs. 2-1-1 What do the different symbols mean? 2-1-2 Which business objects in the application ‘project system’ have BAPIs? 2-1-3 Which key field is defined for the business object ‘Network’? 2-1-4 Which BAPIs does the business object ‘Network’ provide?
2-2
Display the documentation for the business object ‘Network’. 2-2-1 Display the documentation for the BAPI ‘Getlist’. 2-2-2 Which function module does the BAPI ‘GetList’ of ‘Network’ implement?
2-3
Use the alphabetical display to display further information about the business object ‘Applicant’. 2-3-1 Which instance-independent method is defined for this business object?
(C) SAP AG
BC619
38
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Open BAPI Network
At the conclusion of this exercise, you will be able to: Find further information and products in SAPNet concerning development support for BAPIs.
You want to know how to make a start in developing external access, and how SAP supports you in this.
3-1
Visit the Open BAPI Network in SAPNet. Log on using either your own user data or the user data given to you by your instructor. 3-1-1 Open the BAPI section. 3-1-2 Open the COM section. 3-1-3 Open the Java section.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
39
2.37Business Processes and Business Objects: Solutions
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Interface Adviser
1.1
SAPNet access to http://service.sap.com/int-adviser. Use your SAPNet user ID and password. 1-1-1 Select Introduction Read me Basics How to use
1-2
The interface consists of four sections: 1.) Data transfer 2.) Scenarios 3.) Objects 4.) Technology 1-2-1 You can find the core scenario “Sales and Distribution processing (standalone)” under Scenarios Core processes Sales and Distribution 1-2-2 Seven different variants are explained in detail for this core process. 1) No availability check is available in R/3 2) Availability check in R/3 performed against the inventory at delivery 3) Availability check in R/3 performed against the inventory at delivery of planned outflows from R/3 sales orders to the external system 4) Scheduling the sales orders in the external system 5) Scheduling the sales orders against quotas 6) Availability check in R/3 against preplanning 7) ATP checks in R/3 against reservations 1-2-3 Variant 4 Master data Material and customer master data must be distributed.
1-3
(C) SAP AG
Return to the homepage of the Interface Adviser and choose technology. In the section ‘Interfaces’ there is a link to the availability checklist of the basic technologies. Field name
Values
R/3 Release
3.1I
Communication with R/3 Systems (RFCs)
Select
BC619
40
Solutions Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Business Object Repository
1-1
Tools Business Framework BAPI development Business Object Builder (SWO1) Button: Business Object Repository (SWO3) 1-1-1 Expand the node under any application (for example, Real Estate Management, Sales and Distribution) and expand the subnodes. 1-1-2 Utilities Legends STOP indicator: obsolete (please do not use this object type any more) 1-1-3 The sales order ‘SalesOrder (BUS2032)’ is located in the hierarchy under ‘Sales and Distribution’ ‘Sales’. Display the details of the business object ‘SalesOrder’ by double clicking on it.
1.1
Alternative route to the solution in 1-1: Tools ABAP Workbench Development Business Object Builder
1.2
Enter BUS1001 => the text material is displayed Display the details of the business object ‘Material’ by double clicking on it. The MatNr (material number) is displayed as the key field.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
41
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Business Application Programming Interface
2-1
Tools Business Framework BAPI Explorer Select the tab ‘multi-level’ in left-hand section of the screen. 2-1-1 Goto Display legend 2-1-2 Expand the node ‘project system’. You will see three business objects: ProjectDefinition, Network, and WorkBreakdownStruct. 2-1-3 Expand the node ‘Network’. Only the key field ‘Number : Network Plan Number’ is defined for this business object. 2-1-4 The business object ‘Network’ provides five BAPIs: ExistenceCheck, Getdetail, Getinfo, Getlist, and Maintain.
2-2
Select the node ‘Network’ in the left-hand section of the screen and choose the tab ‘Documentation’ in the right-hand section of the screen. 2-2-1 Repeat this step for the BAPI ‘Getlist’. Select the node ‘Getlist’ in the lefthand section of the screen and choose the tab ‘Documentation’ in the righthand section of the screen. 2-2-2 Select the node ‘Getlist’ in the left-hand section of the screen and choose the tab ‘Detail’ in the right-hand section of the screen. This BAPI is implemented via the function module BAPI_NETWORK_GETLIST.
2-3
Choose the tab ‘Alphabetical’ in the left-hand section of the screen. 2-3-1 Only one instance-independent method is defined for the business object ‘Applicant’: CreateFromData.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
42
Unit: Business Processes and Business Objects Topic: Open BAPI Network
3-1
http://service.sap.com/bapi 3-1-1 Become familiar with the BAPI concept; check which BAPIs are available, or become a member. You can also find up-to-date BAPI information in the ‘BAPI’ section. 3-1-2 The COM section contains information and software relating to COM-based technologies, utilities, documentation, and links to SAP partner sites. On these sites you can find more information and software relating to COM. 3-1-3 You can find SAP products and partner products for both Java and BAPIs in the Java section.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
43
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
2.38
Communication and Networks:Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to understand: Why computer networks are used How systems communicate with each other Which Internet services and protocols are important Which functions and products SAP provides for network communication
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
2.39
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
2.40
Reasons for Networking Computers
Technical Reasons: Resource sharing
Reliability and assurance against breakdown Hardware costs Scaling of processing performance Communication
SAP AG 1999
Reasons for networking Computer networks are the technical prerequisite for implementing distributed business processes. The purpose of computer networks are to: Share data, equipment and system performance over long distances Guarantee high reliability and availability by providing hardware replacement capacity Reduce costs since small computers have a considerably higher cost/performance relation than large computers. Hardware performance can be scaled up (adjustment to the demand for computer power) by adding more computers to the network. Provides communication across the globe. All the above reasons bring considerable savings in costs.n. The reasons are similar to the business and technical reasons for distributing business processes.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
2.41
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Supports the communication of applications in a networked environment
Combination of two protocols of layers 3 and 4 in OSI reference model for networks ("IP Stack")
IP sends data in packets
TCP assures data integrity: fragmentation, sequence, avoidance of data loss
SAP AG 1999
A 1978 protocol from the US Defence Ministry established this as the communications standard TCP/IP communicates data using data packets. As data packets can reach the receiver via any route, this protocol is relatively insensitive to a route failure, provided there are alternative routes.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
2.42
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Protocol (IP)
Responsible for routing data between sender and receiver
IP sends data in packets Contains information about the fragmentation and restoration of data
IP routers can suppress data packets if system is overloaded and reduce the transmission frequency
Missing packets are resent with retransmit requests
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
2.43
IP Addresses
Address format
32 bit length
Four decimal digits between 0-255
Dotted decimal format "199.12.1.1"
Divided into network addresses and host addresses
Special addresses
0.0.0.0 local network router
127.0.0.1 local computer
255.255.255.255 broadcast to all computers in the local network
Domain Name System
Hides the technical address behind a readable name
SAP AG 1999
IP Address All network layer protocols have a specific address format. The 32 bit IP addresses of the TCP/IP protocol have the form "199.12.1.1". This format is also called dotted decimal. Each of its four parts corresponds to a decimal number between 0-255 and represents 8 bits. Part of the IP address identifies the network, the remaining part the individual computer or host within the network. The part of the address that identifies the host can be defined by a subnetwork mask.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
2.44
IP Address Classes
Address classes
A: 7 bit network, 25 bit host for a total of 16.777.214 computers 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254
A: 14 bit network, 24 bit hosts for total of 65.534 computers 128.1.0.1 to 191.254.255.254
A: 21 bit network, 8 bit hosts for total of 65.534 computers 192.00.1.1 to 223.255.254.254
D and E: multicast and experimental usage
SAP AG 1999
IP Address Classes As the whole IP address is only 32 bits long and networks have different numbers of computers, several address classes are created. Address classes assign different numbers of bits to the network component and the host component of the IP address.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
2.45
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Reliable stream service: guarantees error free communication between programs with no data loss nor duplication and with data in correct sequence.
The data is received by the program as a stream of bytes. The real packet, packet size, and packet sequence remains hidden.
TCP uses a 16 bit port number to identify the process on the receiving computer that will process the data packet.
SAP AG 1999
Protocol of the communication-oriented transport layer (layer 4). Part of the packet-oriented Internet Protokoll (IP)
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
2.46
TCP Ports
Service
Port
Protocol
Ping echo
7
TCP
FTP data
20
TCP
FTP control
21
TCP
telnet
23
TCP
SMTP
25
TCP
http
80
TCP
pop-3
110
TCP
SAP AG 1999
TCP Ports TCP uses a 16 bit port number to identify the process on the receiving computer that will process the data packet. Port numbers below 512 are assigned to specified services in Request for Comments (RFCs) and are called "well known ports". Ports under 1024 should only be used by system processes (root user under UNIX).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
2.47
R/3 Interfaces
Communication layer protocols used in R/3
DIAG SAPGUI protocol
RFC
EDI file interface Batch Input
SMTP
Synchronous BAPI call
FTP File Transfer Protocol
IDoc dispatch
EDI Internet interface (email outbox) SAP Office
SAP AG 1999
Default settings contain document types and concrete employee assignments for these document types (to be customized).
SAP provides a range of programming interfaces to integrate external applications into the SAP System. With these interfaces you can write client/server applications that communicate with SAP Systems. Your external application can function either as the client or as the server to the SAP System (sometimes even as both). DIAG With the GUI interface to R/3 you can write a client program that accesses the datastream exchanged between the R/3 application server and its SAPgui. With the GUI interface your external client program can provide an alternative interface to the standard SAPgui. This can either be a graphical or non graphical interface (e.g. language controlled or Web-based). Programming using the GUI interface also enables your client program to monitor or record a user dialog with SAPgui images. RFC The protocol of the SAP Remote Function Call (RFC) enables you to call ABAP function modules from external applications. An external application that uses the RFC interface, can function as a server or as a client to an SAP System. Calling an RFC function in an SAP System from an external program is the same in principle as calling an RFC function from another SAP System (from ABAP). BAPI SAP business objects provide an object-oriented view of SAP data structures and functions. The Business API (BAPI) is an interface through which you can call the methods of these SAP business objects. IDoc The interface Intermediate Document (IDoc) is an SAP standard format for exchanging data between SAP Systems or between an SAP-System and an external application. An IDoc defines an SAP standard data container (template) for sending or receiving data from an SAP System. File interface (FTP) EDI (IDoc) Batch Input The batch input interface enables you to input data into R/3 using R/3 transactions. Menu path: Office--> Business Documents--> Documents--> Move (TA OAWD)
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
2.48
IDoc Communication
ALE uses R/3 Basis functions for asynchronous communication using IDocs The Basis functions carry out the following tasks:
Write IDocs to the database
Check syntax of IDoc type
Communicate low-level with output devices and R/3 port types
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
2.49
Partner Profiles
Partner profiles control the communication of asynchronous IDocs in outbound processing and inbound processing Different partner types are used in IDoc outbound processing, e.g. logical system, customer, vendor. The partner type for ALE communications is the logical system (LS) Partner profiles are client-dependent
SAP AG 1999
Partner profiles are client-dependent Partner profiles with the partner type logical system only exist for systems to which the current client sends messages or from which the current client receives messages.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
2.50
Defining Partner Profiles
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
2.51
R/3 Ports
R/3 ports define the device interface and its technical parameters for IDoc outbound processing The port type defines the output medium
Transactional RFC for ALE business processes
File
CPI-C connection to R/2
Internet (email attachment in MIME format)
ABAP-PSS (programming interface/function module)
XML (XML file format)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
2.52
Defining the R/3 Ports
SAP AG 1999
Parameters for R/3 Ports Version: If you want to communicate using IDocs with SAP Systems of earlier Releases (2.1 to 3.1) or with external systems (e.g. EDI sub-systems), you have to specify the release version in the port description in your system. Then the correct IDoc record types can be sent in outbound processing. You use the port version to set the release version of the system you want to communicate with. This means:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
2.53
RFC Destinations
The RFC destination contains the access settings for the target system of a Remote Function Call Connection types for RFC destinations
R/2 connections
R/3 connections used by ALE
Internal connections
Logical destinations
TCP/IP-Verbindungen, für Business Connector Anbindung
Connections using ABAP drivers
SAP AG 1999
R/2 connectionsType 2 entries connect to R/2 Systems. If you create an entry of type 2, you only have to specify the host name; all communication information is already saved in the background information table of the SAP gateway host. If you want you can specify logon details. R/3 connectionsType 3 entries connect to R/3 Systems. If you create an entry of type 3, you have to specify the host name and the communication service. If you want you can specify logon details. As of R/3 Release 3.0 you can choose to specify a load adjustment. Internal connectionsType 1 entries connect to R/3 Systems that are connected to the same database as the current system. These entries are predefined and cannot be changed. The entry names correspond to the names in the SAP message server (transaction SM51).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
2.54
Maintaining RFC Destinations
SAP AG 1999
Logical destinations Instead of specifying a system connection, entries of type L refer to a physical destination. A type L destination can refer to further type L destinations. A type L entry uses information from the reference entry and adds its own information to this. The reference entry usually contains host information while the type L entry contains the logon information. You can also enter a specific user name, password, logon language or client. A type L entry can refer to other entries of type L. TCP/IP connections Destinations of type T are connections to external programs which the RFC Library uses to receive RFCs. The activation type can either be start or registration. If you choose start you have to enter the host name and the path name of the program you want to start. If you choose registration, you have to enter a registered RFC program. With an SAP gateway you can register an RFC server program under this ID and then wait for RFC calls from other SAP Systems. ABAP drivers Entries of type X specify systems in which device drivers have been especially installed in ABAP. If you create an entry of type X, you have to specify the host name and the ABAP device driver.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
2.55
ALE Communication Settings
Partner profiles, ports and RFC destinations are independent of each other To avoid inconsistencies ALE enables partner profiles and ports for existing RFC destinations and connections to be generated in the distribution model For each logical system an RFC destination of the same name (in upper case) must be defined The standard settings can be changed later
SAP AG 1999
With automatic generation you can change default settings for parameters of partner profiles and R/3 ports. These settings include:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
2.56
(C) SAP AG
BC619
20
2.57Communication and Networks Exercises
Unit: Communication and Networks Topic: Communication Parameters
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Find the physical definitions that are necessary for communication between different systems.
You would like to set up communication between R/3 systems.
1. Check the assignment of clients 810 and 811 to the logical system names SALES and PRODUCTION. Client 810:_______________ Client 811:_______________
2. RFC destination On the system SALES: Use the implementation guide (IMG) to view the RFC destination for the system ‘SALES’. Target computer: _______________ User:
_______________
3. Ports On the system SALES: Use the implementation guide (IMG) to view the port for the system ‘SALES’. Port:
(C) SAP AG
_______________
BC619
21
4. Partner Profiles On the SALES system:
Generate a partner profile for the logical system ‘SUBSYS_##’.
Set the following outbound partner profile for the partner ‘SUBSYS_##’: Message type: Output mode: Receiver port:
MATMAS Transfer IDOC immediately ‘CONVERTER’
Recipient of notifications: Type: US ID:
Set the following inbound partner profile for the partner ‘SUBSYS_##’: Message type: Processing: Process code:
MATFET Trigger immediately MATF
Recipient of notifications: Type: US ID:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
22
2.58Communication and Networks: Solutions
Unit: Communication and Networks Topic: Communication Parameters
Exercise 1: check assignment Use the Implementation Guide (IMG): Tools Accelerated SAP Customizing Project Management SAP Reference IMG Start setting up the logical systems: Basis components Distribution (ALE) Sending and Receiving Systems Logical systems Assign Client to Logical System Double click on the corresponding client number: Client 810: SALES Client 811: PRODUCTION
Exercise 2: RFC destination Start maintenance of the RFC destination: Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Sending and Receiving Systems Systems in Network Define Target Systems for RFC Calls Choose R/3 connections. Double click on the destination ‘IDES_Sales’. The target computer and the user are displayed on the screen.
Exercise 3: Ports Start the maintenance of ports in the IMG: Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Sending and Receiving Systems Systems in Network Asynchronous Processing Assigning Ports Define Port Choose ‘Transactional RFC’. The number of the port ‘Sales system’ is displayed.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
23
Exercise 4: Partner profiles
Start maintenance of partner profiles in the IMG: Basis components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Partner Profiles and Time of Processing Maintain Partner Profile Manually Generate the partner profile ‘SUBSYS_##’: Partner number:
SUBSYS_##
Partner type:
LS
Postprocessing of authorised users: Type US ID
Save the entries.
Setting the outbound partner profile Under Outbound parameters, choose New Entries. Message type:
MATMAS
Receiving port: ‘Converter’
(C) SAP AG
Output mode:
Transfer IDOC immediately
IDOC type:
MATMAS01
BC619
24
Postprocessing of authorised users: Type US ID
Save the entries.
Setting the inbound partner profile Choose F3 back. Under inbound parameter: Choose New Entries. Message type:
MATFET
Processing:
Trigger immediately
Process code
MATF
Postprocessing of authorised users: Type US ID
Save the entries.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
25
3
Implementation Guide (IMG): Basis -> Basis Services -> SAP ArchiveLink -> Business Workflow Settings -> Call Workflow Wizard
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
3.2
ALE Components: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: Name the ALE components and identify their functions
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
3.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
3.4
Principles of ALE
Replication of business objects for supporting distributed business processes Data is represented the same in all participating R/3 Systems Supports asynchronous and synchronous communication Release-independent
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
3.5
Overview of ALE Components
ALE Shared Shared Master Master Data Data Tool Tool Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs
Tools Tools Distribution Distribution Model Model
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
3.6
Distribution Model
ALE Shared Shared Master Master Data Data Tool Tool Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs
Distribution Distribution Model Model
Tools Tools
Message Message flow flow Receiver Receiver determination determination Data Data filters filters
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls
SAP AG 1999
The distribution model describes the flow of business objects between logical systems. SAP, nonSAP or other input/output functions can be hidden behind the logical systems. In the distribution model conditions can be defined for a data flow. These "filter" conditions are used for: Receiver determination
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
3.7
Structure of Distribution Model
The distribution model has a tree structure with the following levels:
View of the distribution model
Logical sending systems
Logical receiving systems
Messages: message types or BAPIs
Conditions for data filtering and receiver determination
A connection is established by assigning message types or BAPIs to two logical systems Distribution model views are used to group together distribution scenarios
SAP AG 1999
The distribution model is client-dependent and may contain one or more views. The individual views of the distribution model have their own maintenance system that may be different from the logical system of the client.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
3.8
Maintenance of Distribution Model
Distribution model maintenance is a function of ALE Customizing Important functions:
Creating, changing and deleting views, systems, messages and conditions for receiver determination and data filtering
Modeling complete ALE business processes using templates
Automatic generation of partner profiles
Distributing the model to participating R/3 Systems
Various display options
Display filters, expanding and collapsing whole nodes
Recommendation: Modeling the distribution model centrally and distributing the relevant views
SAP AG 1999
Maintenance of the distribution model Application Link Enabling ® Modeling and implementing business processes ® Maintain distribution model
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
3.9
Logical Systems
Messages in ALE flow between logical systems Logical systems are defined cross-client in R/3. Precisely one logical system is assigned to one client When messages are posted, this logical system is transferred into application documents CAUTION WHEN RENAMING THE LOGICAL SYSTEM OF A CLIENT
SAP AG 1999
Other characteristics of logical systems Logical systems have a technical name up to 10 characters long and an explanatory short text. The maintenance of logical systems is an ALE Customizing activity Application documents with an empty logical system or with the logical system of the current client are interpreted as local documents. Problems with the logical system name If the logical system name of a client is changed, the modeling of the ALE message flow may become inconsistent. If the logical system name of a client is changed, application documents may become invisible because the application classifies them as external documents. As of R/3 Release 4.5A a logical system must be assigned to each client. For this reason, meaningless logical system names had often been assigned that had to later be renamed. When the logical systems were renamed, the problems with application documents described above occurred. ALE provides a tool to rename logical system names in application tables. You can find more information in ALE Customizing or in a note.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
3.10
Partner Profiles
Partner profiles control the processing of inbound and outbound IDocs They can be generated in the maintenance transaction for the distribution model Important parameters:
The size of IDoc packets per RFC call
The size of IDoc packets for processing
Output and processing mode: collect or process immediately
SAP AG 1999
Partner profiles are client-dependent. Partner profiles with the partner type logical system only exist for systems which the current client sends messages to or receives messages from. For this reason when the partner profiles are generated, ALE only considers connections that contain the logical system of the current client.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
3.11
Conditional Distribution: Filters
Filters can be defined in the distribution model to set conditions for the dispatch and processing of outbound messages IDocs and BAPIs have different filter functions IDocs use conditions for:
Filtering segments
Dependencies of message types and BAPIs
Distributing classified master data
BAPIs use conditions for:
Receiver determination
Data filtering of table parameters for BAPIs that were called asynchronously
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
3.12
Data Filtering for Message Types
Data Filtering
If the message type allows, the IDoc segments of message types can be filtered.
All the segments are suppressed that do not contain the value specified in the distribution model
Dependencies
Conditions for dependencies can be set from the distribution of other message types
Classification
The distribution can be made dependent on the master data object belonging to a class relevant for distribution
SAP AG 1999
Data filters are defined as part of modeling the distribution model You define the data filters for a connection in one or more filter groups.
The user or process assigns the document number directly. Internal assignment is done by the SAP System. The document number is based on the the document type. The number range has 20 characters. An important advantage of DMS is the ability to use mixed number assignments. In this case the user or processor assigns an external number that is later changed or updated to an internal number by the system. The document type is the most central controlling element for the Document Management System. For example, the status network can be setup or object links can be created based on the document type. Document parts serve to split a document up. If the filter condition for a mandatory segment is not met, it is either: The higher-level optional segment is removed and the IDoc is sent All the higher-level mandatory segments and any existing optional segments are removed in sequence If the header segment is also removed in this process, the IDoc is not sent.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
3.13
Selection of IDoc Segments
Data filtering is used for sending specific data to the receiver Example
Only finished products should exist in the sales and distribution systems. When material master data is distributed, a condition can be defined for the material type = FERT.
SAP AG 1999
The document type is the central control element for the Document Management System. It subdivides documents according to characteristics and the organizational processes that follow because of these characteristics. Examples include status network or object links. Please note the following:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
3.14
Classification
The distribution of master data can be made dependent on the data belonging to a class relevant for distribution
SAP AG 1999
Selection by classification means that an IDoc is only sent, if the application object belongs to a class defined in Customizing. The selection by classification setting is part of modeling the distribution model. Maintain the attribute Dependent on class membership in the data filters of a connection. In ALE Customizing you should set the classes that are to be included in the selection. Assign the classes to be used for distributing the master data to the message type and logical receiving system. The function can be found under Modelling and Implementing Business Processes -> Master Data Distribution -> Distribution Using Object Classes -> Assign Classes to Receiving Logical System.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
3.15
Dependencies
Dependencies between message types Dependencies between message types and BAPIs Dependencies between BAPIs
SAP AG 1999
If dependencies between message types and/or BAPIs have been defined in the distribution model, message dispatch is dependent on the dispatch of the other messages. Dependencies are defined as part of modeling the distribution model. You define the dependencies in the data filters of a connection.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
3.16
Receiver Determination with BAPIs
Whether the application finds a receiver for a synchronous or for an asynchronous BAPI call can be controlled by:
Value filters
Dependencies of message types and BAPIs
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
3.17
Data Filtering with Asynchronously Called BAPIs
BAPI table parameters can be filtered provided that the BAPI has provided for this All the lines are suppressed that do not contain the value specified in the distribution model
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
3.18
Filter Groups
Filter conditions are organized into filter groups Filter groups are created in the distribution model for receiver determination and data filtering Any number of filter groups can be created for one connection Filter groups are linked together by the logical operation OR The filter conditions of a filter group are linked together by the logical operator AND
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
3.19
Demo
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
3.20
Application Interface for IDocs
ALE
Shared Shared Master Master Data Data Tool Tool
Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs Outbound Outbound processing processing
Inbound Inbound processing processing
Receiver Receiver Determination Determination Data Data filtering filtering Explicit Explicit segment segment filtering filtering Conversion Conversion of of global global organizational organizational units units Data Data conversion conversion Version Version change change
Version Version change change Segment Segment filtering filtering data data Conversion Conversion of of global global organizational organizational units units
Tools Tools
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous BAPI calls asynchronous BAPI calls
Distribution Distribution Model Model
SAP AG 1999
The task of the IDoc application interfaces is to process outbound and inbound IDocs based on message types. There is a close relationship between outbound processing and the distribution model. The application interfaces for IDocs provide special services for processing messages: Data filtering Segment filtering Conversion of global organizational units
(C) SAP AG
BC619
20
3.21
Outbound processing for IDocs
The application program determines with APIs of ALE, whether the business object is to distributed The application program fills the data structures for the IDoc control record and the IDoc data record. The data is transferred to the function module MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE For each potential receiver MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE creates a separate temporary IDoc, processes the IDoc data in IDoc services and, if required, creates an IDoc for each receiver in the database The IDocs are transferred in the communication layer. This forwards the IDocs to the partner systems
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
21
3.22
Flow Diagram IDoc Outbound Processing Application
ALE
Determine receivers, if required
APIs for receiver determination
Fill IDoc structures and forward to ALE
Receiver Determination
Communication
IDoc Services Data filtering Explicit segment filtering Conversion of global org.units Data conversion Version change
Creating IDocs Writing links to application objects
APIs for creating IDocs
Process IDocs according to partner profile
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
22
3.23
Flow Diagram IDoc Inbound Processing Application
ALE
Communication IDocs received via tRFC Write IDoc to database
IDoc Services Explicit segment filtering Conversion of global org.units Data conversion Version change
Function module
Call application function module
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
23
3.24
Application Interface for Asynchronous BAPIs
ALE
Shared Shared Master Master Data Tool Data Tool
Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous BAPI calls asynchronous BAPI calls BAPI/IDoc BAPI/IDoc outbound outbound processing processing Parameter Parameter mapping mapping
BAPI/IDoc BAPI/IDoc inbound inbound processing processing Parameter Parameter mapping mapping
Distribution Distribution Model Model
Data Data filtering filtering Segment Segment filtering filtering Field Field conversion conversion Dependencies Dependencies Serialization Serialization using using BO BO
Tools Tools
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
24
3.25
Application Interface for Asynchronous BAPIs
Outbound processing for asynchronous BAPI calls is similar to IDoc processing In an interim step the ALE interface converts the BAPI parameters into an IDoc with the appropriate segment structure and message type For the ALE users the usage of a BAPI is transparent and equivalent to classical message types
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
25
3.26
Flow Diagram: Asynchronous BAPI Outbound Processing Application
ALE
Determine receivers, if required
APIs for receiver determination
Forward BAPI parameters to ALE
ALE interface for asynchronous BAPI call
Communication
ALE services Receiver determination Data filtering Data conversion Version change Serialization
Creating IDocs Writing links to application objects
APIs for creating IDocs
IDoc processing by partner profile
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
26
3.27
A link entry is written in SAP ArchiveLink containing the archive doc. ID and the R/3 key of the document info record. The document type DRW is entered in the SAP ArchiveLink link entry irrespective of which document type is actually used in the DMS.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
27
3.28
Shared Master Data Tool (SMD Tool)
ALE
Shared Shared Master Master Data Tool Data Tool
Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs
Management Management of of master master data data changes changes
Tools Tools Distribution Distribution Model Model
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls
SAP AG 1999
The stored document is copied from the archive to the administrator’s file system.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
28
3.29
What is the SMD Tool?
The SMD tool is an independent ALE component that enables the application to send master data changes These include changes to existing master data, newly created master data and deletions The SMD Tool is connected to the R/3 Engineering Change Management and logs master data changes relevant for distribution in change pointers Change pointers can be processed and the changes distributed
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
29
3.30
Complete DMS Customizing can be found in the SAP Reference IMG under cross-application components document management.
Processing change pointers Change pointers can be processed manually in ALE Administration or in the background by calling program RBDMIDOC. You can restrict processing to a specified message type. Change pointers can also be processed for extended or reduced message types
(C) SAP AG
BC619
30
3.31
Tools
ALE
Shared Shared Master Master Data Tool Data Tool
Application Application Interface Interface for for IDocs IDocs
Tools Tools Distribution Distribution Model Model
ALE ALE Audit: Audit: Synchronization Synchronization of of Customizing Customizing data data Reduction Reduction of of message message types types
Application Application interface interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls
IDoc IDoc recovery recovery Conversion Conversion of of logical logical system system names names
SAP AG 1999
The ALE tool box contains separate programs for monitoring, modeling and error handling. ALE Audit Synchronization of Customizing data Reduction of message types IDoc recovery following database crash Conversion of logical system names
(C) SAP AG
BC619
31
3.32
Integrating ALE Components into R/3
Application & Master data outbound FMs
Shared Shared Master Master Data Data Tool Tool
Application Application IDoc IDoc interface interface -outbound outbound
Asynchronous
IDoc IDoc Services Services and and special special functions functions
Synchronous
Interface Interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls -- outbound outbound
Communication Communication layer layer Application Application IDoc IDoc interface interface -inbound inbound
IDoc IDoc Services Services and and special special functions functions
Inbound function modules
Call BAPI
Interface Interface for for asynchronous asynchronous BAPI BAPI calls calls -- inbound inbound
Distribution Model Model Distribution
Engineering Engineering change change management management
IDoc data
Tools Tools
BAPI
Application
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
32
3.33
ALE Components: Unit Objectives
You are now able to: Name the ALE components and identify their functions
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
33
3.34ALE Components Exercises
Unit: ALE Components Topic: Model maintenance
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Build a distribution model
You would like to model the distribution between two systems and to exchange master data.
1.
Set up the distribution customer model ‘TRAINING##’ on the system 'SALES' in such a way that the message MATMAS’ is sent to the subsystem ‘SUBSYS_##’. (## corresponds to the last two digits of your group number.)
2.
Ensure that the system 'SUBSYS_##' exists.
3.
Distribute your model in the logical system 'PRODUCTION'.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
34
Exercises Unit: ALE Components Topic: Distribution of master data
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Distribute material master data from the system SALES in the system PRODUCTION
You would like to model the distribution between two systems and to exchange master data.
1.
Distribute material directly On the SALES system: a)
2.
Generate the material ‘MATALE-##’ as a finished product:
Create the basic data 1/2.
Use the material group 009 and maintain the gross weight, the net weight, the weight unit and maintain a basic data text.
b)
Send the material with the message type ‘MATMAS’ directly to the system ‘PRODUCTION’.
c)
On the system 'PRODUCTION': View your material.
Fetch material master a)
On the system SALES Change the weight of your material.
b)
On the system 'PRODUCTION: Fetch your material with the message types ‘MATMAS’.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
35
c)
View your material.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
36
3.35ALE Components: Solutions
Unit: ALE Components Topic: Model maintenance
Exercise 1: Set up model Use the Implementation Guide (IMG): Tools Accelerated SAP Customizing Project Management SAP Reference IMG Start direct model maintenance by choosing the following: Basis components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Maintain Distribution Model and Distribute Views
Switch: display/maintain Button: create model view Customer model: TRAINING## Button: insert message type Sender:
SALES
Recipient:
SUBSYST_##
Logical message type:
MATMAS
Save the model.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
37
Exercise 2: Does system SUBSYST_## exist? To confirm that system SUBSYST_## exists, choose: Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Sending and Receiving Systems Define Logical Systems.
Exercise 3: Distribution of the model For distribution, choose: Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implement Business Processes Maintain Distribution Model and Distribute Views Process Model View Distribute Training## and target system PRODUCTION
(C) SAP AG
BC619
38
Solutions Unit: ALE Components Topic: Distribution of master data Exercise 1: Sending material
Use the menu to generate the new material. Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material Create (Special) Finished Product Material:
MATALE-##
Industry:
Mechanical engineering
Choose view selection. Choose:
Basic data 1/2
Choose Next. Update the values for your material. Save the entries.
Send your material. Go to the ALE menu: Tools ALE Master Data Distribution Cross-application Material Send
c)
Material:
MATALE-##
Message type:
MATMAS
Logical System:
PRODUCTION
Display your material in the system PRODUCTION.
Log on to the system PRODUCTION. Display your material. Logistics Materials management Material master Material Display Display current status (C) SAP AG
BC619
39
Material:
MATALE-##
Exercise 2: Call up material master
Change the weight of your material. Log on to the system SALES. Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material Change Immediately Material:
MATALE-##
Selected view:
Basic data 1/2
Change the weight. Save your entries.
Call up your changes. Log on to the system PRODUCTION. Tools ALE Master Data Distribution Cross-application Material Get
Material:
MATALE-##
Message type:
MATMAS
Display material. Display your material.
Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material Display Display Current
(C) SAP AG
BC619
40
4 Storing Outgoing Image Documents (SAPscript or Smart Forms)
Direct storage of image documents to be printed from the SAP application Possible for all SAPscript + Smart Forms print programs Integration of image documents with the underlying business object
For example image document "order confirmation" is integrated with business object "order" (VBAK)
SAP Basis (Technology development)
Printer, Fax, EDI..
Content server
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
4.2
Invoices
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
4.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
4.4
What are IDoc Services?
IDoc services are functions in outbound and inbound processing for the:
Application Interface for IDocs
Application interface for asynchronous BAPI calls
Messages are modified by IDoc services to the requirements of the receiving logical system IDoc services can change the structure and the data content of an IDoc The dispatch of IDocs can be suppressed by IDoc services
SAP AG 1999
IDoc services tailor messages to the requirements of the receiving logical system. Business factors and the organizational structure play an important role in these requirements: data filtering, global organizational units, field conversion. IDoc services distinguish between IDocs defined from message types (< 4.x) and IDocs of the generated interface for asynchronous BAPI calls (> 4.x).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
4.5
Services of the IDoc Application Interface
Data filtering (outbound only)
Selection of IDoc segments
Selection by classification
Selection by dependencies
Explicit segment filtering Conversion of global organizational units Data conversion Version change
SAP AG 1999
Sequence of IDoc services in outbound processing: Data filtering (IDOC_DATA_APPLY_FILTER_VALUES) Segment filtering (ALE_IDOC_SERVICES_APPLY_OUT) Conversion of global organizational units The messages to be created are proposed in the sales documents using the condition technique. For output determination using the condition technique, condition records must be available for the various message types. The transmission medium, the send time and the partner role are defined in the condition record.
Version change (ALE_IDOC_SERVICES_APPLY_IN) Segment filtering
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
4.6
Converting Global Organizational Units
Global organizational units must be defined similarly on all systems, so that no errors occur in the distributed environment. Local organizational units are assigned to global organizational units on the individual systems. The following organizational units have global organizational units:
Company code
Business area
SAP AG 1999
Local organizational units must be assigned to global organizational units in your systems to ensure that organizational units are standardized in the distributed environment.
Make the settings for converting global organizational units in ALE Customizing under Modelling and Implementing Business Processes. Cross-application Settings Set global organizational units
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
4.7
Data Conversion Between Sending and Receiving Systems
The data conversion between the sending and receiving systems enables the contents of IDoc fields to be changed during runtime The data can be converted in outbound or inbound processing of IDocs
SAP AG 1999
Setting data conversion between the sending and receiving systems The tool enables field contents to be converted and mapped from a sender field to a receiver field. Organizational units, units of measurements and customer-defined fields can be transferred from one system to another. A generic R/3 tool is used for defining and maintaining rules. The settings for data conversion are made in ALE Customizing under Modelling and Implementing Business Processes -> Converting Data Between Sender and Receiver .
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
4.8
Version Change
The version change modifies the outbound or inbound IDoc of the release version defined in the partner profile
SAP AG 1999
The settings for IDoc version change are made in partner profile maintenance in field Segment release in IDoc type. Refer to the F1 help. If the field is empty, the segment definition currently assigned to it is used. The current segment definition does not need to have been released. Following an upgrade the segment definition can change. The definition used for each segment type from the current IDoc is the definition that was actually released in the Release specified. Following an upgrade the same segment definition can still be used,, if you specify the release. The setting made here does not take into account that an earlier function module has to be called for tRFC communication between 4.x and 3.x systems. This is specified in the port settings by the IDoc record type version.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
4.9
The message type NEU stands for a new message and can be used for outgoing inquiries, purchase orders and outline agreements. Each instance of this message type must be customized separately.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
4.10IDoc Services: Exercises
Unit: IDoc Services Topic: Data conversion
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: State a rule for data conversion in communication between two systems Distribute message types via filters. You want to establish a rule which allows data to be adapted during communication.
1.
Creating rules In the SALES system: Generate your own message type ‘ZMA0XX’: Derived from: Active segments:
MATMAS (Master Material). Everything that appears after you click on the first segment + the fields from E1MARAM, E1MAKTM, E1MARCM, E1MTXHM and E1MTXLM.
Define and maintain a conversion rule ‘CONV_##’. Set a constant value for this (your) message type in the field ‘Old Material Number’ (field BISMT in segment E1MARAM). Replace net weight with gross weight.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
2.
Modelling: Set your distribution model and the communications parameters in such a way that you can send your message type from the system SALES to the system PRODUCTION.
Set the conversion on the outbound side for communication with the system PRODUCTION.
Set up the conversion on the inbound side for communication with the system SALES.
Send an IDoc with your message type to the system PRODUCTION and use the IDoc list to check the result of the conversion.
Set the filter ‘material type = HAWA’ for your message type.
Send an IDoc with your message type to the system PRODUCTION and use the IDoc list to check the result of the conversion. What happens and why?
Delete the filter.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
4.11IDoc Services: Solutions
Unit: IDoc Services Topic: Data conversion
Exercise 1: Define conversion rules
Maintain your message type. Start IDOC reduction in IMG: Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Master Data Distribution Scope of Data for Distribution Message Reduction Create Reduced Message Type View (NachrTyp):
ZMA0##
Choose Create. Model:
MATMAS
Choose Next. Enter a short text. Choose Next.
Open the structure and mark all segments as selected. Note: the fields within the segment on the uppermost level must also be selected. .
Define the rule ‘CONV_##’. Basis components Distribution (ALE) Model and implement business processes Data conversion between sender and recipient Define rules for the IDoc segment name Choose New Entries. Conversion rule Segment type
CONV_## E1MARAM
Save your entry.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
Update the rule. Basis components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Converting Data between Sender and Receiver Maintain Rules Conversion rule
CONV_##
Choose Maintain. Choose the field ‘BISMT’ (Old mat. number). Specify the characteristic value of the constant. Choose Enter. Enter the sender value ‘BRGEW’ in the receiving field ‘NTGEW’ (net weight). Save your entry.
Assign rules to a message type. Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Converting Data between Sender and Receiver Assign Rule to Message Type Log. message type
ZMA0##
Choose Next. Choose New entries. Partner type (sender): Sender
LS :
Partner type (recipient): Recipient
SALES LS
:
PRODUCTION
Segment type:
E1MARAM
Conversion rule:
CONV_##
Save your entry. Exercise 2: Modeling, test conversion In your Model Training_xx, model the exchange of your message type ZMA0_xx from the system SALES to the system PRODUCTION, as explained in the exercise for Unit 4, and create the partner profiles as in Unit 3.
Model: (C) SAP AG
Training_xx BC619
13
Sender:
SALES
Recipient:
PRODUCTION
Message type:
ZMA0##
Generate the partner profile in the system SALES: Setting the outbound partner profile. Under outbound parameter, choose New Entries. Message type:
ZMA0##
Receiving port:
Production system
Output mode:
Transfer IDOC immediately.
IDOC type:
MATMAS01
Postprocessing of authorised users: Type
US
ID
Save the entries.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
Generate the partner profile in the system PRODUCTION: Setting the inbound partner profile Under inbound parameter: Choose New Entries. Message type:
ZMA0##
Processing:
Trigger immediately
Process code
MATM
Postprocessing of authorised users: Type
US
ID
Save the entries.
Send your material with your message type directly from the system SALES to the system PRODUCTION. Use the IDOC list in the system PRODUCTION to check the conversion.
Create filter: Maintain your distribution model. Choose display/change. Open your message types for the system PRODUCTION. Double-click on: no active filters. Choose Create Filter Group. Enter MatArt = HAWA. Save the model.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
5 Special Functions
Contents: Serialization Distributing classes and classified master data Links between objects in the R/3 Business Object Repository
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
5.2
For more detailed information on activating storage of outgoing documents in specific applications, (for example FI, QM), see the online documentation: Basis Components--> Basis Services--> SAP ArchiveLink - 'Application scenarios'
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
5.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
5.4
Serialization
Serialization at IDoc level via time stamp Serialization by message type groups Serialization using business objects
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
5.5
Serialization at IDoc Level Via Time Stamp
Applications can use serialization via a time stamp to specify the order IDocs of the same message type are processed in This prevents old data from being posted if processing is repeated
SAP AG 1999
Delays in transferring IDocs may result in an IDoc containing data belonging to a specific application object arriving at its destination before an "older" IDoc that contains different data belonging to the same object. Applications can use the ALE Serialization API to specify the order IDocs of the same message type are processed in and to prevent old data from being posted if processing is repeated. IDocs from interfaces generated for asynchronous BAPI calls cannot be serialized at IDoc level because the function module for inbound processing does not use the ALE Serialization API. ALE provides two function modules to serialize IDocs, which the posting function module has to call: IDOC_SERIALIZATION_CHECK: Checks the time stamps in the serialization field of the IDoc header. IDocs are read and organized according to serialization criteria. The IDoc data, IDoc control records, and IDoc serialization data are returned in the results. The control records and serialization data are sorted according to serialization criteria. IDOC_SERIAL_POST: Updates the serialization table. A record is written in table BDFL for each serialization object.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
5.6
Serialization By Message Type Groups
IDocs can be created, sent, and posted in a specified order by distributing message types serially Object interdependency is important at the message type level. This avoids any errors in the inbound processing of the IDocs The distribution of the interdependent messages is serialized using serialization groups
SAP AG 1999
With master data distribution, interdependent objects are often distributed together (purchasing info record with vendor and material, for example). Serialized distribution is only used to transfer changes to master data. IDoc message types are assigned to serialization groups according to the order specified for their transfer. Master data is distributed in exactly the same order. If all the IDocs belonging to the same serialization group are dispatched successfully, the sending system sends a special control message to the receiving system. This control message contains the order IDocs are to be processed in and starts inbound processing in the receiving systems. An example is the purchasing info record with vendor and material. To avoid any processing errors, the vendor and material must be created in the receiving system before the purchasing info record.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
5.7
Serialization Using Business Objects
With object serialization, the messages belonging to a given object are always processed in the correct order on the receiver system A unique serial number is assigned to each outbound message for the application object in question.
SAP AG 1999
Serialized messages may be of different types (for example, create, change, cancel messages). All messages here relate to one special application object Transfer errors (IDoc sequence mixed up) and inbound posting errors (IDoc cannot be posted due to Customizing errors) no longer affect the sequential order. A unique serial number is assigned to each outbound message for the application object in question. When processing inbound IDocs, the ALE layer determines whether a given IDoc can now be posted or whether other IDocs have to be posted first. (In this case, the IDoc is assigned status 66 and must be posted again with the program RBDAPP01.) Objects are assigned to messages by the application. To implement serialized distribution using objects, the following settings must be made in Customizing: Activate outbound object types Activate inbound object types To prevent posting coming to a standstill, the object types must be activated in both systems!
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
5.8
Distributing Classes and Classified Master Data
ALE allows you to send master data on the basis of the distributable class to which it belongs
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
5.9
Classification System in a Nutshell
The classification system allows you to use characteristics to describe R/3 objects, and to group similar objects in classes - to classify objects, in other words. The class type is a central concept in the classification system. Class types are always created for a particular classification object type, such as material. A class type can be marked as distributable Classes that can be used for ALE must refer to a distributable class type
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
5.10
Settings For Distributing Classified Master Data
Prerequisites:
There is a distributable class type for the desired classification object type
There is a class of the above class type
ALE Customizing: The class has been assigned to the logical receiving system
Distribution model: The attribute Dependent on class membership must be selected in the data filter of the connection
SAP AG 1999
The selection by classification setting is part of modeling the distribution model. Maintain the attribute Dependent on class membership in the data filters of a connection. In ALE Customizing you should set the classes that are to be included in the selection. Assign the classes to be used for distributing the master data to the message type and logical receiving system. The function can be found under Modelling and Implementing Business Processes -> Master Data Distribution -> Distribution Using Object Classes -> Assign Classes to Receiving Logical System.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
5.11
Links in the R/3 System
Links are used to document relationships between objects in the R/3 Business Object Repository. These settings include:
R/3 business objects Selected technical objects
Links are used
By the application if application objects are closely related. Example: Sales order and delivery By technical services for tracing errors and for monitoring purposes
Linked objects are characterized by
A object type An object ID
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
5.12
Controlled by the print request definition, the spool work process creates two files (data file and description file). These are written into the exchange directory with the content server.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
5.13
Storing Print Lists: Pre-Considerations Search options for print list management records
Standard SAP ArchiveLink print list management
Additional DMS document info records with classification (old)
Displaying stored print lists
Within the SAPGUI
SAP ArchiveLink Viewer
Search options in displayed stored print lists
Indexing
Free text search
Reference from stored print list to other stored documents or SAP business objects Storage format
SAP AG 1999
With ALE audit, the audit data is sent using message type ALEAUD.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
5.14
How Does ALE Use Links?
Status monitor
Selection screen for the display filter To select the message belonging to an application object
IDoc tracing: To reconstruct the object history To display the partner IDoc
IDoc display: Display links and object keys
ALE audit: To reconstruct the object history
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
5.15
Special Functions: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Distribute master data on the basis of its class assignment Define the links between objects in the R/3 Business Object Repository
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
5.16Special Functions: Exercises
Unit: Special Functions Topic: Sending Messages Using Classes
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Send messages using the filter ‘class membership’
You want to distribute master data among systems that are filtered according to their class membership.
1.
Sending Via Classes In the system SALES: create a class ‘class_##’ for materials.
Create a class with class type ‘ALM’.
Assign your class to the logical system PRODUCTION.
Add the facility for distribution among classes in your distribution model to your message type.
Send the material with your message type to the system PRODUCTION.
Check the result.
Allocate your material to your class.
Send the material from your class with your message type to the system PRODUCTION.
Check the result.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
5.17Special Functions: Solutions
Unit: Special Functions Topic: Sending Messages Using Classes
Exercise 1: Sending using classes
Generating a class Basis Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Master Data Distribution Distribution Using Object Classes Choose ‘Maintain Classes’. Choose the class type:
ALM
Class:
CLASS_##
Choose Enter. Enter a name. Save your entry.
Assign your class to the system PRODUCTION. Basis Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Master Data Distribution Distribution Using Object Classes Assign Classes to Receiving Logical System Logical System:
PRODUCTION
Choose Next. Choose New Entries. Type:
ZMA0##
Class:
CLASS_##
Push/Pull
2
Save your entry.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
Include class in distribution model. Basis Components Distribution (ALE) Modelling and Implementing Business Processes Master Data Distribution Distribution Using Object Classes Model Distribution Using Classes Maintain your distribution model. Choose display/change. Open your message types for the system PRODUCTION. Double-click on: no filter set up. Choose Create Filter Group. Check independent of class. Save the model.
Send your material. Tools ALE Master Data Distribution Cross-application Material Send Message type:
ZMA0##
Logical System:
PRODUCTION
Execute the program.
Check the result. Use the IDOC Monitor to check that the message has arrived in the system SALES.
Assign your material to your class. Logistics Materials Management Material Master Material Create (Special) Immediately Enter Material Number Select View(s) Classification Material:
MATALE-##
Class type:
ALM
Choose Enter. Class: (C) SAP AG
Class_## BC619
18
Save your entry.
Send your material. Tools ALE Master Data Distribution Cross-application Material Send Message type:
ZMA0##
Logical System:
PRODUCTION
Execute the program.
Check the result. Use the IDOC Monitor to check that the message has arrived in the system SALES.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
6 Tools
Contents: ALE audit Synchronization of Customizing objects Reduction of message types Conversion of logical system names IDoc recovery following database error
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
6.2
Tools: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: Identify and use ALE tools to complete particular tasks
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
6.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
6.4
ALE Audit
What is the function of ALE audit?
ALE audit is a tool for monitoring the processing status of IDocs in the receiving system
How does ALE audit work?
ALE audit provides the sending system with information on the processing status of the receiving system
SAP AG 1999
How does ALE audit work?
ALE audit provides the sending system with information on the processing status of the receiving system. ALE audit uses the asynchronous IDoc interface to send messages with status information to the sending system. The confirmation has the message type ALEAUD. Audit confirmations are either sent periodically via a batch job or sent directly.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
6.5
Within the complete print list file (for example 50 columns), individual output fields are defined as index fields (these can be used as search criteria). You can use these index fields to search in the index display (with the appropriate technical prereq uisites).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
6.6
Configuring ALE Audit
Configure the distribution model for ALE audit
You must define a message flow for the message type ALEAUD in the distribution model
As the data filter values, specify the message types for which the audit confirmations are to be created
Schedule the confirmation of audit data
The receiving system must provide the sending system with information on the processing status of the messages. The program RBDSTATE performs this task and has to be scheduled to run periodically in the receiving system
SAP AG 1999
The storage system searches for the search terms in the description file and if the search is successful, indicates the relevant position in the data file In the distribution model, maintain a link to message type ALEAUD in the opposite direction for each link of a message type to be monitored. Maintain the filter object type message type as the data filter for ALEAUD.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
6.7
Using ALE Audit
How do you analyze the audit data?
The confirmed audit data generates new status records in the sending system for the dispatched IDoc
Status information from audit data is displayed in the status monitor for ALE messages
The status monitor also contains functions for
Deleting audit data that is no longer required
Sending audit confirmations directly
SAP AG 1999
If audit information is available, the IDocs in the sending system have the status 39 IDoc in receiving system (ALE service)
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
6.8
Synchronization of Customizing Data
Why synchronize Customizing data?
Helps to integrate the participating systems as required
Local know-how is not always available
Available employee resources can be used more effectively
Optimizes the supply of data between the system chain, development system - quality assurance system - productive system
SAP AG 1999
Because of company policy Influence on the business processes
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
6.9
Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.
Distribution model for synchronizing Customizing data The ALE distribution model describes which Customizing objects are distributed and the systems that data is distributed from and to. This model is defined in one central system and distributed from here to all other participating systems. The distribution is modeled in message type CONDA2. The distribution groups relevant for a logical system are specified as values of data filters.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
6.10
Define output device (Default ARCH): SAP Easy Access: Tools--> Business Documents--> Environment--> Spooler Administration Output devices
Modeling (functions of ALE Customizing) Determines project-specific Customizing objects relevant to message types and assignment to distribution groups Creates a distribution model for Customizing objects Distributing the DM: Creates object lock for ALE Customizing objects in the decentralized systems
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
6.11
Possible Customizing Objects
L Logical transport object S Table (with text table) T Single transaction object V View C View cluster
SAP AG 1999
The tool can only process client-dependent Customizing objects of the category CUST. The objects must be defined in transaction SOBJ. The following object types can be used: The units can be divided as follows: Units which describe how to configure the IDoc Interface The unit "Test" describes an important step in the process of configuring the IDoc Interface. The emphasis is placed on the implementation of the test programs in the data flow.
C View cluster The Customizing objects to be distributed can be defined further using the object key. This allows you to distinguish between central and local instances of a Customizing object.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
6.12
Storing Print Lists: Scenario Customizing
Create number range If using several clients, create a number range for each client
Create logical device (see format)
Default device type ARCHLINK
Check profile parameter rspo/archive_format
Create SAP ArchiveLink queues Schedule SAP ArchiveLink jobs
SAP AG 1999
Define number range Unique control records are generated using the number range.
Implementation Guide (IMG): Basis Components --> Basis Services-->SAP ArchiveLink -->Basic Settings -->Maintain number ranges Create Queues Queues are activated and the queue administrator is entered. This process should be a part of the installation routine of the storage system. Absence of activated queues could lead to irreparable errors (the print list then has to be generated and stored again). Implementation Guide (IMG): Basis Components --> Basis Services-->SAP ArchiveLink -->Basic Settings --> Create queues Schedule a Job The job periodically executes the individual queues. You should note that the job is only scheduled during the daily online work when it does not hinder this. For performance reasons it is not recommended to schedule jobs more frequently than once every fifteen minutes. Implementation Guide (IMG): Basis Components --> Basis Services-->SAP ArchiveLink -->Basic Settings -->Schedule jobs
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
6.13
ALE Transports
Customizing objects are grouped into ALE transports on the basis of the distribution group modeling ALE transports can be formed for entire logical systems, certain distribution groups, or on the basis of other selection criteria Individual ALE transports can be consolidated in a single Customizing request
SAP AG 1999
Function 'Display stored document' -->
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
6.14
Explicit Segment Filtering
With explicit segment filtering you can define which IDoc segments are not to be transferred for each combination of message type and receiver Mandatory segments cannot be be filtered Segments that are subordinate to another segment in the hierarchy are also filtered, if you filter the superordinate segment
SAP AG 1999
Two special IDoc application areas should be defined:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
6.15 The storage system transfers the files to the content server. As long as this happens, an open asynchronous request remains in the administration, and if there is a transfer error then this is logged in the open asynchronous requests.
Outbound processing includes: Generating the corresponding outbound IDoc Finding the partner and the port
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
6.16
IDoc Settings: Sending Data R/3 System Post document
Archive Archive IDoc IDoc ??
Generate IDoc
Partner Partner Profiles Profiles
Check partner, find port
Port Port Definition Definition External System EDI EDI Subsystem Subsystem ? ?
Transfer data, process further
Documentation Documentation Tools Tools
SAP AG 1999
When reducing a message type, a new message type is created in the customer namespace. The reduced message type refers to an existing message type, which is classed as reducible, and its associated IDoc basic type. The IDoc segments and fields to be distributed can be chosen on the basis of an IDoc basic type. The inbound function module of the IDoc basic type is assigned to the reduced message type. For the IDoc to be posted correctly on the receiving side, the receiving system needs to know the settings for the reduced message type. The message type information can be entered in a transport request and then imported.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
6.17
Steps in Customizing
Create a reduced message type Activate the change pointer Note that the activate change pointers function must be performed again after the reduced message type has been changed
SAP AG 1999
In ALE Customizing, choose Modeling and Implementing Business Processes Master Data Distribution Scope of Data for Distribution Message Reduction to call up the two points Create Reduced Message Type and Generate Transport Request for Message Type.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
6.18
IDocs in Business Processes
IDoc Record Types IDoc and IDoc type IDoc processing: Inbound and outbound
processing
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
6.19
What is the Problem?
Clients distributed via the ALE distribution model must have a logical system name
Necessary for the receiver determination
Necessary for generating partner profiles
The name of the logical system of a client is registered in links and application documents If the logical system name of a client changes
Application documents cannot be found since they are classified as external
The distribution model becomes inconsistent
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
20
6.20
How Are Logical System Names Converted?
To convert system names, start transaction BDLS After entering the old and new logical system name, you can start the conversion in a test mode When converting the names, client-dependent and clientindependent application tables, as well as tables with technical settings for the communication partners, are processed Only the logical system name of the current client is converted
SAP AG 1999
For information on converting the logical system name of a client, refer to ALE Customizing under Sending and Receiving Systems Logical Systems Convert Logical System Names in Application Tables and to the online library. Authorizations To run the report, you must be authorized to convert logical system names (authorization object B_ALE_LSYS). Test mode You are advised to start the conversion in test mode. If you activate the test run selection field, all relevant tables will be analyzed and the number of entries contained in the tables will be determined. These will then be output in a list. If the new logical system name is already available in the relevant tables, the system queries whether the conversion is to be continued or not. You must check the table in which this logical system name was found and determine whether you want to perform the conversion for these entries. If this is not the case, the conversion must be terminated.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
21
6.21
Conversion - Points to Observe
Note the following points! There should be no IDocs waiting to be processed in the system, since the IDoc data record could contain the old logical system name, which is then not considered in the conversion While the conversion report is running, no other activities may be carried out in the system, including communication with the system The conversion of the logical system name must be performed in all partner systems (transaction BDLS is only used for conversions in the current client)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
22
6.22
The IDoc number of the IDoc to which the status record refers is an important part of the status record. This allows the IDoc relevant to a status conformation message to be identified in the system and the returned status records can therefore be appende d.
The IDoc recovery uses two transactions BDRC to determine the recovery objects BDRL to process the recovery objects
(C) SAP AG
BC619
23
6.23
Database reorganization and database backups are independent of data archiving and SAP recommends that they be carried out at regular intervals.
Before the start of the transaction, the following message flows to the distribution model are maintained. S1 is the system that has crashed. S1 - RCYFET -> S2 S1 Business Documents > Environment > Knowledge Provider > Kpro > Content Repositories
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
7.5
ALE Functions in the SAP Menu
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
7.6
ALE Roles in the User Menu
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
7.7
Overview Diagram (Sending Data) R/3 System Post document
Archive Archive IDoc IDoc ??
Generate IDoc
Check partner, find port
External System
EDI EDI Subsystem Subsystem ??
Transfer data, process further
Partner Partner Profiles Profiles
Port Definition
Documentation Documentation Tools Tools
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
7.8
Monitor Functions in ALE Administration
Status monitor (for ALE messages) Monitor in the CCMS Workflow messages (in the Business Workplace inbox)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
7.9
Ports are the channels via which the IDocs are exchanged. The IDoc Interface supports six different transmission methods. These are the port types:
In releases < 4.6 you can access DART using transaction FTW0. As of release 4.6 the path is Tools > Administration > Administration > Data Retention Tool.
Data for technical linking is determined in the port definition for the IDoc Interface. So that a port can be used, settings outside of the IDoc Interface must be made. The port definition for the port type "file" includes Instead of the outbound file, you can also store a function module, which dynamically generates names and thus helps to prevent files from being over-written. You can also use logical file names: You should also see the F1 Help for the field.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
7.10
Process Flow: Port Type File (with Triggering)
IDoc Interface Write
1
RFC
2
IDoc file Status report
IDoc file
out.script
4
RFC
Read
rfcexec
Call
Read
3
4
in.script status.script
2
1
3
startrfc
Write
Call
External System
SAP AG 1999
The status monitor offers extended selection possibilities for the display: Business object
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
7.11
Object Keys in the IDoc Display
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
7.12
Administration and Authorization Concept: Unit Objectives
Understanding of all functions available to the SAP ArchiveLink administrator Understanding of the authorization concept of SAP ArchiveLink
SAP AG 1999
Since it is geared to application objects, manual IDoc processing is very suitable as a monitoring tool for ALE application specialists. It allows IDoc selection on the basis of a variety of criteria Detailed display of the IDocs Triggering of further processing For Release 4.6A/B, only incorrect messages are displayed in "Manual IDoc processing".
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
7.13
Additional Functions of ALE Administration
Processing change pointers
Processing and reorganizing change pointers
Synchronizing Customizing data
Displaying, generating, importing, and consolidating ALE Customizing requests
Functions of the Transport Management System
Serialization functions
Deleting old time stamps
Processing serialization groups for message types
Processing serialization using business objects
SAP AG 1999
Processing serialization groups for message types
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
7.14
The R/2 System is always passive, the communication is always started from the R/3 System. The data bindings supported are:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
7.15Administration Exercises
Unit: Administration Topic: ALE Monitoring
At the conclusion of these exercises, you will be able to: Administer sent messages.
You want to monitor the exchange of your messages.
In the SALES system: Change your material (the short text) again and send it to the PRODUCTION system. Your material was sent to the PRODUCTION system with an IDoc. What is the number of this IDoc? IDOC number:
__________
__________
Use the links to view the material in the IDoc list.
Use IDoc tracing to ensure that the number you obtain from this list is retained in the PRODUCTION system. IDOC number:
__________
__________
View the material obtained from IDoc tracing in the PRODUCTION system.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
7.16Administration Solutions
Unit: Administration Topic: ALE Monitoring
Exercise 1: IDoc List Use the IDoc List. Tools ALE ALE Administration Monitoring IDoc List Select all IDocs with the message type MATMAS that were created today. To find the IDoc with your material, examine the contents of the data records. Note the IDOC number.
Exercise 2: Linking View your material in the IDoc display by selecting System Links.
Exercise 3: IDoc Tracing Use IDoc tracing: Tools ALE ALE Administration Monitoring IDoc List Logical message type:
ZMAxx
Receiver’s partner type:
LS
Receiver’s partner number:
LS
LS PRODUCTION
Examine your IDoc number in order to receive the number of the corresponding IDoc in the receiving system. View your material in the IDoc display by selecting System Links.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
8 Document Link Administration
Find
Selects document links and displays them in a hit list
Display
Selects all links and displays them in a hit list
Create
Stores an image document and creates a link between the image document and business object
Assign subsequently
Creates a link between business object and an already stored image document. No image document is stored (in contrast to the Create function)
Reassign
Reassigns an image document from one business object to another
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
8.2
Outbound Processing The IDoc Interface calls the function module and transfers the IDoc control records in table format. Further processing (reading data, processing data, writing status records) is programmed by the user.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
8.3
Administration of Document Links: Functions in Link Entry Detail View Display image document Display business object Check image document status Create (store) new image document (from Release 4.6A) Delete link Reassign image document (from Release 4.6A) Subsequently assign object (from Release 4.6A) Change image document type Display all links to this image document Start a workflow using the image document Activate generic object services (Rel. 4.6C onwards)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
8.4
Administration of Print Lists
Find
Selects stored print lists and displays them in a hit list
Display
Selects all links and displays them in a hit list
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
8.5
For functions in the hit list, see ‘Administration of document links‘.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
8.6
IDoc Enhancement Procedure
General definitions
Combining segments Enhancing basic (IDoc) types Assigning a basic type and an enhancement to a message type
Configuring outbound processing
Enhancing outbound function modules (user exit) Entering enhancements in the partner profiles
Configuring inbound processing
Enhancing inbound function modules (user exit) Assigning function modules to the enhancement
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
8.7
ALE User Exit
User exits are interfaces that allow customers to implement enhanced functions User exits are activated for an enhancement project via transaction CMOD ALE has the user exit ALE00001, which is called up within the IDoc version change. It can be used for enhanced IDoc processing. Its function is not restricted to tasks of the IDoc version change The user code must be stored in the function module EXIT_SAPLBD11_001 The interface allows access to all relevant IDoc data and parameters
SAP AG 1999
The FB EXIT_SAPLBD11_001 is called during IDoc outbound processing in the form routine CHANGE_IDOC_VERSION and during IDoc inbound processing in the form routine IDOC_CONVERT_VERSION_INBOUND. The call hierarchy is as follows
Outbound: When distributing via message types, the user exit is called while the function module MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE is being processed. If the distribution is performed by the asynchronous BAPI call, the user exit is executed in the sequence ALE_IDOCS_CREATE. FUNCTION MASTER_IDOC_DISTRIBUTE -> FORM IDOC_SELECTION_AND_SERVICES -> FUNCTION ALE_IDOC_SERVICES_APPLY_OUT -> FORM IDOC_CONVERT_VERSION_OUTBOUND -> FORM CHANGE_IDOC_VERSION -> FUNCTION EXIT_SAPLBD11_001 FUNCTION ALE_IDOCS_CREATE -> FUNCTION ALE_IDOC_SERVICES_APPLY_OUT -> FORM IDOCCONVERT_VERSION_OUTBOUND -> FORM CHANGE_IDOC_VERSION -> FUNCTION EXIT_SAPLBD11_001
Inbound FUNCTION INBOUND_IDOC_PROCESS -> FUNCTION ALE_IDOC_SERVICES_APPLY_IN -> FORM IDOC_CONVERT_VERSION_INBOUND -> FUNCTION EXIT_SAPLBD11_001
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
8.8
Enhancements: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Enhance IDoc data Carry out additional tasks at certain points in IDoc ALE outbound processing
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
9 Performance Optimization
Contents: Time schedule of outbound and inbound processing Parallel processing of IDocs Packet processing
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
9.2
Performance Optimization: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: Make settings and execute administrative functions to increase the throughput of IDocs
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
9.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
9.4
There is an n:m relationship between process codes and message types. For new definitions of business processes or IDoc types you determine new process codes or messages in the assignment table (see BC621).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
9.5
The IDoc Interface programs use sequential numbers for outbound modes: field OUTMOD has values from 1 to 4 (read from top to bottom in the diagram).
Partner profiles can also be sent via the special IDoc type SYPART01. A partner profile for this IDoc type with the "logical" message SYPART is therefore a prerequisite.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
9.6
Partner Profiles: Summary
Partner profiles specify which messages are sent to which
users, using which method and how they are processed. Partners must be entered in the partner profile before IDocs can be sent successfully. The port (the "way") is part of the outbound partner profile.
Technical communication parameters are entered in the port definition. Inbound ports do not require such parameters - their technical parameters are defined by the external sending system. Process codes are also part of the partner profiles.
They are used for processing data. Process codes which are defined outside the partner profile are
used in error handling.
SAP AG 1999
If the same master data is changed several times, only the last change pointer is used to create the master data IDoc. This minimizes the number of IDocs dispatched. To create change pointers, in ALE Customizing you have to activate change pointers generally as well as for individual message types.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
9.7
Scheduling IDoc Transfer
When an IDoc is transferred to the communication layer, a transactional RFC forwards it to an external system You should use the outbound processing mode Collect IDocs, especially if you are distributing mass data You can process IDocs in packets in the collect processing mode The RSEOUT00 program forwards the collected IDocs to the communication layer. It can be scheduled in a batch job
12 9
SAP AG 1999
Creating and transferring the IDoc to the communication layer at separate times improves system performance The outbound processing mode Collect IDocs is set in the partner profiles
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
9.8
You always create a new test-IDoc with the test tool. However, you can use one of the IDocs available in the database as a template and edit the copy.
The following options are available in the test tool for both inbound and outbound processing: Mass testing: Several copies of the edited IDoc are sent for processing. If the relevant flag is not set, only one copy is sent. In addition, the following options are available for inbound processing: ALE inbound processing splits the IDoc packets into individual IDocs.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
9.9
Processing IDocs in Parallel
Several IDocs can be processed at the same time in different dialog processes This processing is used for
Creating IDocs in parallel (A)
Sending IDocs in parallel (C)
Posting IDocs in parallel (D)
SAP AG 1999
This is particularly advantageous for sending mass data
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
9.10
Business Scenario
As a member of the implementation team for
SmartMart, you are responsible for configuring the IDoc Interface. A purchase order from SmartMart is firstly created as a message by the Message Control module, before being converted into IDoc format. You know that the basic settings for this module exist in the standard SAP system, but wish to find out more about other Message Control functions.
SAP AG 1999
There are no benefits of creating IDocs in parallel for distributing transaction data in ALE, because this mainly involves single events which cannot be accelerated by running dialog processes at the same time. The server group is a list of the application servers, whose available dialog processes are used to create IDocs. Two dialog processes remain unused on every application server in a server group.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
9.11
Maintaining Server Groups
There might be only one application server in a server group If master data is sent by this application server, local dialog processes are used to create the IDocs in parallel
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
9.12
Parallel Transfer to the Communication Layer
IDocs that have the status 30 "IDoc ready for dispatch (ALE service)" are transferred to the communication layer interactively in the status monitor or in the background using program RSEOUT00 Schedule the background processing of several variants of RSEOUT00 to process IDocs that are ready for dispatch for particular logical receiving systems or message types The IDocs can be transferred to the communication layer in parallel
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
(C) SAP AG
BC619
14
9.13
The condition component "Access sequence” can be used to define whether only one message is to be found: If this is the case, you should set the "exclusive” flag. If this flag is not set, the entire access sequence is processed, that is, several messages have possibly been found.
"6" EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), that is, without distribution model The EDI program for message processing is started with these parameters: RSNASTED, with the form routines EDI_PROCESSING or ALE_PROCESSING. IDocs are transferred individually from program RSNASTED when using output modes "1" and "2" (field OUTMOD in the control record).
(C) SAP AG
BC619
15
9.14
Posting IDocs in Parallel
Background processing:
Inbound IDoc packets are split into individual IDocs and stored in the database
All application servers in a server group can be used in parallel for posting IDocs in the background
If you do not specify a server group, all dialog processes in the local server are used in parallel. This could block the application server
SAP AG 1999
You can process IDocs that are ready for transfer (status 64) manually in ALE administration (status monitor BD87) or by scheduling the program RBDAPP01.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
16
9.15
Packet Processing
Packet processing allows batches of data of the same type to be processed This reduces the number of dialog processes called and improves system performance You can use packet processing in ALE for:
Creating IDocs (A)
IDoc communication (C)
Posting IDocs (D)
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
17
9.16
Creating IDoc Packets
If you send master data directly, a function module creates an IDoc for each individual master data object In most cases, more than one master data object can be passed to the function modules for IDoc creation, which means that a multiple call is not used If there are too many master data objects in each process, it is possible that not all available dialog processes will be used
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
18
9.17
Sending IDoc Packets
Several IDocs can be grouped into a packet and sent in one transactional Remote Functional Call (tRFC) This has the following benefits:
The fewer administrative tasks reduce the load on the system
tRFC uses less dialog processes in the sending R/3 System
tRFC uses less dialog processing in the receiving R/3 System
SAP AG 1999
You can specify the packet size of message types in Customizing for ALE: Modeling and Implementing Business Processes Partner Profiles and Time of Processing Maintain Partner Profile Manually From Release 4.5B, the main relevant communication types for displaying and storing documents are those mentioned in the slide. The previous communication standard 'ICC', present in the first line of the SAP ArchiveLink viewer using Archive DLL, is still available, but in the background.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
19
9.18
Number ranges are intervals of natural numbers which are assigned to objects centrally by the R/3 System. This is called "internal number assignment".
INPUTTYP contains the code for posting function modules. INPUTTYP can contain the following values: "0", for function modules which process IDocs in packets When IDocs are received, they are first saved in the database. In a second and independent step, they are processed further (for port types "file", "XML", "CPI-C"). This is made possible by the workflow event concept: If IDocs are saved in the database, an event is created , which waits for the "receiver" in the system. The "receiver" (a function module) finds the event and triggers inbound processing. As a result of this step, the function module has used the event, which no longer exists in the system. The Workflow Manager determines when the receiver starts to search for events: There is therefore an interval between the data being saved and further processing being initiated (asynchronous processing). To display the function module INPUTTYP, on the ALE Development screen, choose IDoc Inbound Function module attributes (BD51). You must therefore activate the event-receiver linkage in the IMG for the IDoc Interface. OLE communication is most frequently used in connection with the front end components of the particular storage system provider. The storage system provider or executive business partner is responsible for notifying the SAP System of the OLE classes of these components and for maintaining the communication sequence for displaying and storing documents. The OLE communication can also be used to integrate OLE automation 2.0 compatible standard PC components in the scenarios. OLE Automation 2.0 offers a wide range of possibilities for controlling the front end components from the SAP System. For the front end components named above there are generation functions in the protocol maintenance which produce a simple local display of the document.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
20
9.19
Parallel Processing Versus Packet Processing
Packet processing and parallel processing complement each other, although in some situations they may compete! If the size of the packet is too big, this may mean that not all of the available dialog processes are being used
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
21
9.20
Display using SAP ArchiveLink Viewer SAP ArchiveLink Viewer will no longer be delivered after Release 4.5B, but will still be used by customers for some time. For the different front end Customizing options of SAP ArchiveLink Viewer, see the Appendix.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
22
10 System Security
Contents: Authorizations Notes for avoiding security problems
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
10.2
Long Names - Short Names
Release 4.0
Release 3.X
Type "LongNameXYZ01"
Type "Short01"
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
10.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
10.4
Authorization Profiles and Objects
For posting IDocs, the authorization objects of the application must also be specified If processing is terminated as a result of an authorization overlap, the missing authorization object can be displayed using transaction SU53
SAP AG 1999
S_IDOC_ALL S_IDOCMONI S_IDOCCTRL S_IDOCDEFT S_IDOCPORT S_IDOCPART
WFEDI: Access to IDOC monitoring WFEDI: General access to IDOC functions WFEDI: Access to IDOC development WFEDI: Access to port profiles (IDoc) WFEDI: Access to partner profiles (IDoc)
S_TRANSPRT
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
10.5
If many formats can be displayed at the same time using the supplier viewer, this increases the usability of the front end components.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
10.6
Test Layers: Outbound Processing
Application MC MC WE15
IDoc Interface WE14, WE19
External System
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
10.7
R/3 Users For IDoc Processing in the Background
With IDoc processing in the background, there are no security problems, since the posting batch job has an explicit user This only requires the authorization objects S_IDOCMONI of the program RBDMANIN and the authorization objects of the application function in question
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
10.8
Status records must refer to outbound IDocs in the system, otherwise an error occurs in status processing.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
11 Integration of External Clients: Technical Process for Storage Using Supplier Scan Software (OLE)
SAPGUI
1
OLE automation 2.0 Storage request for scanned image document
OLE automation 2.0 notification of unique image document number
Scan software supplier
3 2
Front end PC
Internal communication for storing in the storage system
Content server
storage system
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
11.2
Tips and Tricks: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: Specify solutions for particular problems in the ALE environment
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
11.3
Course Overview Diagram
Course Overview
Tools
Business Processes and Business Objects
Administration Enhancements
Communication and Networks
Performance
ALE Components
System Security
IDoc Services
Tips and Tricks
Special Functions
Information Sources
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
11.4
Protocols: SAP Easy Access: Tools--> Business Documents--> Basic Settings--> Communication--> Protocols
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
11.5
Sending Messages to Your Own Logical System
Problem You want to exchange messages between the same logical system because an internal interface is not available. In the distribution model, however, it is impossible to enter the same logical system for sender and receiver.
Solution Define logical systems and RFC destinations with different names for sender and receiver. Use the same system and access settings in the RFC destinations. Note! With different logical systems for the same clients, the partner profiles must be maintained manually.
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
11.6
Various Partner Profiles For the Same Messages and Clients
Problem You would like to send messages of the same message type to the same client and define various outbound partner profiles on the basis of certain conditions.
Solution For each partner profile, define a logical receiving system and an RFC destination with the same name. In the distribution model, generate the required connections and generate and modify the partner profiles. You can use various filter conditions to assign the messages to the required connections.
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
11.7
For QuickDeliver, the data flow appears as follows:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
11.8 The SD master data must contain EDI-specific parameters which are compared with the data from the order IDoc:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
11.9
Tips and Tricks: Unit Summary
You are now able to: Specify solutions for particular problems in the ALE environment
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
12 Information Sources
Contents: SAP Library SAPNet Development news Release information Online Service System ALE Users' Group Books and magazines
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
1
12.2
Information Sources: Unit Objectives
At the conclusion of this unit, you will be able to: List the most important information sources on the topic ALE Identify the resources that may be of use to you
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
2
12.3
Trademarks:
(C) SAP AG
BC619
3
12.4
What is Certification?
Certification is the comprehensive technical assessment of the interface between an SAP application and third party software The third party product always includes an application. SAP does not certify the application.
Partner Interface
SAP Application
SAP ArchiveLink® / Content Server Interface
Object of certification
Partner Application
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
4
12.5
Certification includes technical assessment of communication of a third party system to a SAP standard interface.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
5
12.6
SAPNet
The ALE home page in SAPNet for customers and partners provides information on current developments in the Application Link Enabling environment Downloads: Additional components and support packages can be downloaded from the ALE pages The ALE pages can be called up via the alias / ale. The complete URL: http://sapnet.sap.com/ale The Business Framework pages contain much useful information on R/3 interfaces and components in the ALE environment: http://sapnet.sap.com/bf
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
6
(C) SAP AG
BC619
7
12.7
Contents of Units (3)
Unit "DATA ARCHIVING TRANSACTION SARA‘
Implementing Data Archiving Executing the Archiving Process Flow Control Restart Scenarios in the Event of Errors Flow Control: Common Reasons for Errors The Archiving Log Managing Archiving Sessions Managing Archiving Files Storing Archive Files on Tertiary Media Authorization Checks Phases of Data Archiving Project: Design/Conception Implementation and "Going Live" Creating a Long-Term Plan
Page
6-5 6-9 6-16 6-19 6-24 6-26 6-27 6-31 6-34 6-38 6-40 6-41 6-48
SAP AG 2002
(C) SAP AG
BC619
8
12.8
Status values for active monitoring and statistics about status groups are combined to prevent the information becoming too complicated.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
9
12.9
Books on ALE
SAP R/3 ALE & EDI Technologies Rajeev Kasturi, McGraw-Hill, 1999,ISBN 0-07-134730-5
ALE, EDI & IDoc Technologies for SAP Arvind Nagpal, Prima Publishing, 1999, ISBN 0-7615-1903-3
SAP AG 1999
Rajeev Kasturi and Arvind Nagpal are independent ALE consultants
(C) SAP AG
BC619
10
12.10
Magazines
SAP Insider
Wellesley Information Services Diane L. Gottheiner, Programs and Publications Manager mailto:
[email protected] Free, $39.95 per year outside U.S. and Canada http://www.sapinsider.com/
SAP Professional Journal
Wellesley Information Services, ISSN 1524-7767 Heather Black, Celeste Otrowsky, Editors Price $495, 6 editions per year http://www.sappro.com
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
11
12.11
For SAP R/3 releases 3.1I and earlier, read Note #89324, 'Revised ADK Versions'.
(C) SAP AG
BC619
12
12.12
Information Sources: Unit Summary
You are now able to: List the most important information sources on the topic ALE Identify the resources that may be of use to you
SAP AG 1999
(C) SAP AG
BC619
13
