Bayu Muhaimin Caniago - 195040200111052 - Kelompok 3 - R - Tugas TKSDL M3

 

^\DAW MHEDD\ KL-7 ^LKEI@IDH KIEWLSVAWH W\MCLSNAXA @AOAE ‐Zleletuae Kl`as Klmampuae @aoae nae Araoae”  

Nhsusue I`lo2 Kl`impik 7

Cayu Muoahmhe Gaehadi

18:3::111:

^yary Ahrhvha

18:3:4111:7< 18:3:4111:7<

Wyhfa Goahraeh A`fatohe

18:3:4111177 18:3:4111177

Waeny Taskhti Fa`aounohe

18:3:41111 Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae slcadah kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk. Faktir plmcatas `aoae 2 gukup guram, eamue masho napat nh`akukae  plmcaedueae kawasae plthk apl` nae blruk klprik shlm, kawasae pledheapae whsatawae, slrta kawasae plmukhmae warda sltlmpat. Zana `aoae nledae kl`as

klmampuae `aoae HV, plmh`hoae taeamae mlmaed slnhkht `lcho tlrcatas slohedda hhh

 

napat mleddueakae tlkei`idh kieslrvash cahk slgara mlkaehs nledae tlras caedku maupue slgara vldltathf nledae adrifirlstrh nae taeamae pleutup taeao. Banwa` Hmp`lmletash Kldhatae ................................................. ....................................................................... ............................... ......... 16 CAC HV. SLEGAEA KLSBA \E^\K ZL@AKWAEAAE .................................................. 1? >.1 Naftar Kldhatae pana Wlthap Watuae Zlta @aoae ...................................................... .......................................................... .... 1? >.3 ^aoapae Maeablmle Wumclrnaya @aoae nae Zlrae Wtakloi`nlr ...................... ........................... ..... 37 CAC V. MIEH^ISHED NAE SLVHWH ZLSLEGAEAAE ZLEDD\EAAE @AOAE .. 3? ................................................................................................................. .......................................................... 38 NAF^AS Z\W^AKA .......................................................

v

 

NAF^AS ^ACL@ Ei.

Oa`amae ^lks

1 . Kl`as Klmampuae @aoae......................................... .............................................................. ........................................... ................................ .......... 7 3 . Slegaea Zleddueaae @aoae ...................... ............................................ ............................................ ........................................... ........................ ... < 7 . Banwa` Hmp`lmletash narh Saegaedae ............................................... ..................................................................... .......................... .... 16 > . Nraft Slegaea Kldhatae pana Watuae Zlta @aoae 1 ......................................... .................................................... ........... 1? ......................................... .................................................... ........... 31 @aoae < ......................................... .................................................... ........... 33 @aoae 6 ......................................... .................................................... ........... 37

 

NAF^AS DAMCAS Ei.

Oa`amae ^lks

1 . Zlelrapae ^aeamae Gampurae (Anh`ao nae Goifyae, 3:18) ..................... .................................... ...............11 3 . Wa`urae Nraheasl (Nltoae lt a`., 3:3:) ......................................... .............................................................. ............................. ........13 7 . ^lras Caedku Nhslrtah Nhslr tah Nledae Vldltash ^aeamae (Taoyunh, 3:1>)..................... 3:1>)........................ ... 17 > . ^aeamae Zleutup ^aeao (Zureimi lt a`., 3:16) ....................... ............................................. ................................ .......... 17 < . ^lras Blramh Blr amh Zana @aoae Mhrhed (Taoyunh, 3:1>) .................................. ................................................... .................1> 6 . ^lras Klcue pana Nalrao Clr`lrled (Zureimi lt a`., 3:16) .................................... ....................................1> 4 . Whstlm Adrifirlstrh pana @aoae Mhrhed (Zureimi lt a`., 3:16) ............................... ...............................1<

vhh

 

CAC H. ZLENAO\@\AE

Lva`uash `aoae mlrupakae kl`aebutae narh kldhatae plmltaae sumclrnaya `aoae, karlea nata oash` survlh nae plmltaae sumclrnaya `aoae masho su`ht nhdueakae i`lo  pledduea uetuk suatu plrlegaeaae taepa nh`akukae kabhaeeya cadh klplr`uae tlrtletu. Lva`uash `aoae mlrupakae suatu plenlkatae atau gara uetuk mleh`ah pitlesh sumclrnaya `aoae. Oash` lva`uash heh akae mlmclrhkae hefirmash nae araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed slsuah nledae kiminhtas apa yaed ci`loprinukthvhtas nhklmcaedkae  pledl`i`aae `aoae yaed nhplr`ukae slohedda `aoaeslrta yaed masukae nhoarapkae(heput) napat tlrgapah. Zlrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae ana`ao stratldh pleddueaae `aoae nhmaea oash` akohreya suatu akthvhtas hetlraksh atau hetlrvlesh tlroanap suatu `aoae yaed clrana nh eldlrh heh clrshfat nheamhs nae clrfuedsh mlmleuoh klcutuoae ohnup cahk matlrha` maupue sphrhtua` (Kusumaehdrat lt a`. 3:14). Zlrlegaeaae tata ruaed nhslcut nledae  prisls uetuk mleletukae pi`a nae struktur ruaed yaed ml`hputh susueae nae pleltapae rlegaea tata ruaed. ^ubuae narh anaeya plrlegaeaae plmaefaatae pleddueaae `a `aoae oae ana`ao uetuk mlmaefaatkae pitlesh nae klmampuae yaed ana pana `aoae slohedda  plmcaedueae napat nh`akukae nledae `aegar (Whtirus, 3:16). \etuk klplethedae  plrlegaeaae plmcaedueae nae pledlmcaedae plrtaehae, nata mledleah hk`hm, taeao nae shfat `hedkuedae fhshk `aheeya yaed clrpledaruo tlroanap plrtumcuoae taeamae slrta tlroanap asplk maeablmleeya tlrslcut plr`u nhbl`askae `lcho `aebut ml`a`uh kldhatae lva`uash `aoae. Zledlmcaedae adrilkiwhsata Kita Catu, Canae Zlrlegaae Kita Catu mlrlegaeakae nh`ikash tlrslcut uetuk Kawasae pledheapae whsatawae, whsata wae, Kawasae plthk apl` nae blruk klprik shlm, Kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk , Kawasae whsata, Kawasae outae gampurae uetuk rlsapae ahr, Kawasae Klcue Gampurae clrcashs  cuao klslmlk, Kawasae plmukhmae warda sltlmpat, Kawasae pleylnha pakae tlreak nae pltlreakae saph plrao, Kawasae outae prinuksh Zheus nae rumput dabao slrta Kawasae Zlenhnhkae adrifirlstrh. Zlmlrhetao Kita Catu tl`ao ml`akukae  plmaefaatae cletaed `aoae ` aoae slsuah nledae klmampuae `aoae nae mlmcuat mlmcua t rlegaea yaed napat nhplrtaeddued bawackae slrta slsuah nledae icslrvash yaed tl`ao nh`akukae. Oa` htu tl`ao nhnukued i`lo \enaed-uenaed ^ata Suaed Zasa` 1 Ayat 3> yaed clrcueyh ‐Kawasae adripi`htae ana`ao kawasae yaed tlrnhrh atas satu atau `lcho pusat kldhatae pana wh`ayao plrnlsaae slcadah shstlm prinuksh plrtaehae nae pledl`i`aae sumclr naya a`am tlrtletu yaed nhtuebukkae i`lo anaeya kltlrkahtae fuedshiea` nae ohlrarkh klruaedae satuae shstlm plrmukhmae nae yaed shstlm adrichsehs”. adrichsehs”.  yaed Catu akae nh`akukae  plrlegaeaae ana`ao pana Kita Catu tlr`ltak t lr`ltak nh Bawa @ikash ^hmur. Kita yaed tlr` tlr`ltak ltak nh Bawa ^hmur heh mlmh`hkh thedkat klmhrhedae yaed clrclna-clna, nhmu`ah narh ?%->:% tlrdaetued nledae klmampuae pleddueaae `aoaeeya. Kita Catu slenhrh yaed mlmh`hkh pitlesh adrilkiwhsataeya yaed napat nhklmcaedkae `adh na`am clclrapa wh`ayaoeya uetuk plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae yaed caru. Blehs taeao yaed clrana nh kita Catu mlrupakae aenisi`, sl`aebuteya tlrnapat taeao kamchsi`, `atisi` nae a`uvha`. ^aeaoeya clrupa taeao mlkaehs yaed mledaenued  caeyak mhelra` yaed clrasa` narh `lnakae dueued clraph, shfat taeao slmagam heh mlmpueyah thedkat klsucurae yaed th theddh. eddh. Caeyak pitlesh whsata a`am a` am yaed napat nhklmcaedkae narh Kita Catu heh. Maka narh htu, pana Kita Catu ,Bawa ^hmur heh akae nh`akukae survly maenhrh yaed tlrkaht nledae plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae yaed tlpat  pana mashed-mashed WZ@ clrnasarkae klmampuae klmampuae slrta naya nukuedeya.

 

CAC HH. AEA@HWHW MAWA@AO NAE ZL@\AED MAEABLMLE

@aoae mlrupakae sumclr naya a`am yaed saedat plethed nae saedat clrpledaruo  cadh suatu usaoa koususeya pledlmcaedae nhchnaed plrtaehae, yaed maea khae `ama sunao tlr`lwath buda nhhkuth plrtamcaoae plenunuk nae mlmcuat `uasae `aoae uetuk  chnaed plrtaehae akae slmakhe mleylmpht nae clrdlslr klarao eie-plrtaehae. Nledae anaeya pleylmphtae `aoae heh, pltaeh glenlrued mledi`ao `aoaeeya slgara kievleshiea` uetuk `lcho Akae napattltaph, mledoash`kae prinuksh yaed cunhnaya taeamaeeya. slmakhe clrba`aeeya waktu mml`hmpao kua`htas taeaonarh akaeoash` mleurue yaed mleylcackae `aoae mlebanh rusak nae akae nledae munao tlrnldranash apach`a nh`akukae slgara tlrus mlelrus. Oa` heh slsuah nledae plreyataae narh Sayls (3::6), yaed mleyatakae caowa uetuk mledatash `aoae yaed tlrus mleda`amh pleurueae kua`htas taeao ohedda tlrnldranash napat nh`akukae nledae mledl`i`a `aoae slsuah nledae klmampuae `aoae. Klmampuae `aoae ana`ao pleh`ahae atas klmampuae narh suatu `aoae uetuk  pleddueaae tlrtletu yaed napat nheh`ah narh mashed-mashed faktir pledoamcateya, yaed maea apach`a nledae pleddueaae `aoae yaed thnak slsuah nledae klmampuae suatu `aoae tlrslcut nae thnak nhhkuth nledae usaoa kieslrvash taeao yaed cahk akae mlmplrglpat tlrbanheya lrish taeao. Klmampuae `aoae akae mlebl`askae caowa `aoae yaed mlmpueyah klmampuae theddh akae mlmpueyah ph`hoae pleddueaae yaed `lcho caeyak,  cahk uetuk plrtaehae, kloutaeae ataupue tubuae `ahe. \mumeya `aoae yaed klmampuaeeya theddh buda cahk uetuk klplr`uae eieplrtaehae slplrth plmukhmae, henustrh, saraea hefra-struktur, nae `aheeya. Wlca`hkeya, `aoae yaed mlmpueyah klmampuae tlrcatas mledhenhkashkae caeyakeya klena`a uetuk pleddueaaeeya. Ka`aupue `aoae tlrslcut nhpaksakae nhdueakae thnak slsuah klmampuaeeya, maka `aoae akae munao rusak, nae oa` heh chsa mlehmcu`kae klrudhae caokae mlebanh clegaea. Mleurut plreyataae narh Wuoahrhe (3:3:), mleyatakae caowa nledae ml`akukae k`ashfhkash klmampuae `aoae mlrupakae upaya uetuk mledlva`uash `aoae uetuk  pleddueaae tlrtletu, slnaedkae lva`uash klmampuae `aoae ana`ao pleh`ahae `aoae (kimpiele-kimpiele `aoae) slgara shstlmathk nae pledl`impikaeeya kl na`am  clclrapa katldirh clrnasarkae atas shfat-shfat yaed mlrupakae pitlesh nae pledoamcat na`am pleddueaaeeya slgara `lstarh Clrnasarkae klmampuaeeya, `aoae napat nhkl`impikkae cadh plrtaehae  clrnasarkae pitlesh nae plmcataseya adar napat clrprinuksh slgara clrklsheamcuedae. Klmampuae nhpledaruoh `hedkuedae fhshk yaed ml`hputhmlmpledaruoh hk`hm, rl`hlf, pitlesh taeao, ohnri`idh, nae `aoae vldltash. Faktir-faktir fhshk heh ohedda catas tlrtletu nae klmampuae `aoae uetuk mlenukued suatu thpl pleddueaae tlrtletu. @aoae mlmh`hkh karaktlrhsthk yaed thnak sama, slohedda mashedmashed `aoae mlmh`hkh klmampuae `aoae yaed clrclna. Zledl`i`aae `aoae ml`ampauh catas klmampuaeeya mlrupakae klkl`hruae yaed napat mlehmcu`kae klrusakae pana `aoae htu slenhrh nae `lcho `aebut napat mlehmcu`kae nampak eldathf cadh klohnupae maeusha (Wlmchrhed nae @yeelus, 3:1

<

6

Klmhrhedae @aoae (%)

H<

H>

H6

H7

H3

H:

3.

Klna`amae ^aeao (gm)

k:

k:

k1

k:

k:

k:

7.

Catuae Whedkapae (%)

 c:

c:

c7

c:

c:

c:

>.

^lkstur ^aeao

t7

t3

t1

t>

t1

t1

n1

n1

n3

n1

n1

n7

VHHl

VHl

VHHHls

HVl

HHHl

HHHw

^hedkat Klcasaoae

Narh oash` yaed tl`ao nhnasarkae clrnasarkae oash` pleltapae kl`as klmampuae `aoae yaed tl`ao nhnapatkae narh Zlta Wuc NAW Ka`hkuedkuk Kita Catu, nhnapatkae oash`  pana WZ@ H yahtu nledae Wuc-kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHH. ^aeao pana kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHH thnak slsuah uetuk nhdarap cadh usaoa plrtaehae taeamae slmushm, nae slcahkeya nhdueakae uetuk vldltash plrmaele slplrth panaed rumput atau outae yaed nhslrtah nledae thenakae pledl`i`aae yaed tlpat nae `lcho hetleshf narh yaed nhplr`ukae  pana `aoae kl`as VH (Maeuputty lt a`., 3:1?). Zana WZ@ kl-3 nae kl-> yahtu mlmh`hkh suc kl`as klmampuae `aoae mashed mashed VH nae HV. @aoae nledae suc-kl`as klmampuae `aoae VH nae HV pana arla` pleddueaae `ahe nhrlkimlenashkae uetuk pledlmcaedae outae taeamae slplrth outae rakyat nae adrifirlstry yaed nh slrtah nledae plmcuatae tlras henhvhnu (Oarbhaeti  lt a`., 3:16). Klmampuae `aoae kl`as VH Araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed slsuah uetuk kl`as klmampuae `aoae heh ana`ao outae prinuksh, plrklcueae, nae pltlreakae. Outae prinuksh mlrupakae outae yaed nhkl`i`a uetuk mledoash`kae slsuatu yaed clreh`ah lkieimh nae mleduetuedkae maeusha. \etuk mlebada kl`as klmampuae `aoae heh nhplr`ukae nhtaenakae thenakae kieslrvash plmcuatae tlras taedda atau pleddueaae nledae tlras caedku slrta pledl`i`aae taeao mleurut kietur `aoae. Klmampuae @aoae Kl`as HV nledae araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae ana`ao nledae mleddueakae plrtaehae saedat tlrcatas, yaed maea plrtaehae tlrcatas heh mlmcutuokae thenakae kousus uetuk pledawltae taeao yaed `lcho clrat nae `lcho tlrcatas waktu pleddueaaeeya uetuk taeamae slmushm. Bhka nhplrdueakae uetuk taeamae slmushm nhplr`ukae thenakae kieslrvash yahtu clrupa plmcuatae tlras nae sa`urae nraheasl, plrdh`hrae taeamae pleutup taeao atau makaeae tlreak atau pleddueaae pupuk ohbau. Wlnaedkae, pana WZ@ kl-7 nhkltaouh caowa suc-kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH,

mleurut Maeuputty lt a`. (3:1?) mleyatakae caowa taeao pana kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH thnak slsuah uetuk nhdarap cadh usaoataeh taeamae slmushm nae usaoa prinuksh  plrtaehae `aheeya nae oarus nhcharkae pana klanaae a`amh nh cawao vldltash a`amh. ^aeao  pana `aoae kl`as VHHH napat nhdueakae uetuk gadar a`am, outae `henued atau rlkrlash. Zleddueaae `aoae yaed ana pana kl`as heh yahtu outae `aoae klrhed slkuenlr nae outae  prhmlr. Araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed tlpat uetuk kl`as klmampuae heh ana`ao Gadar A`am. Zana WZ@ < nae 6 nhkltaouh caowa klnua WZ@ heh mlmh`hkh suc-kl`as klmampuae `aoae yaed sama yahtu pana suc kl`as HHH , yaed maea mleurut Oarbhaeti lt a`. (3:16) suc kl`as HHH mlmpueyah oamcatae clrat yaed mleduraedh ph`hoae pledueaae atau mlmlr`ukae thenakae kieslrvash kousus atau klnuaeya. Oamcatae yaed tlrnapat pana taeao na`am `aoae kl`as HHH aetara `ahe mlmcatash waktu pleddueaaeeya cadh taeamae slmushm, waktu pledi`aoae, ph`hoae taeamae atau kimcheash plmcatas-plmcatas tlrslcut.

 

<

CAC HHH. ASAOAE ZLEDD\EAAE @AOAE 7.1 Araoae Zleddueaae @aoae nh Mashed-Mashed Watuae Zlta @aoae   Kinl Watuae Zlta @aoae

Wuc WZ@

Zleddueaae @aoae Waat Heh

1

3

7

1

VHHl

Adrifirlstrh

3

Vhl

Outae Zrinuksh ^lrnldranash

Slegaea Zleddueaae @aoae > Kawasae outae  prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao Kawasae outae  prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao

7

VHHHls

Adrifirlstrh

Kawasae outae uetuk rlsapae ahr

>

HVl

^aeamae Wayurae nledae ^lras Du`un

Kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs  cuao klslmlk

^aeamae Wayurae

Kawasae plthk apl` nae blruk klprik shlm Kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl` nae sayurae `aheeya)

<

HHHl

nledae ^lras Du`un

6

HHHw

^acamae Wayurae nledae tlras Du`un

Magam ^aeamae yaed nh Slkimlenashkae <

Zheus nae rumput dabao Zheus nae rumput dabao Vldltash a`amh, ^aeamae Maoieh nae Sumputrumputae ^aeamae klslmlk nae taeamae slmushm slplrth kiph ^aeamae apl` nae taeamae blruk ^aeamae kletaed, wirtl` nae sayurae `aheeya

^henakae Kieslrvash ^aeao Vldltathf 6 Adrifirlstrh nae ^aeamae pleutup taeao Adrifirlstrh nae ^aeamae pleutup taeao

^henakae Kieslrvash ^aeao Mlkaehs 4

^hnak nh`akukae kieslrvash ^lras caedku

Slfirlstash

^hnak nh`akukae kieslrvash

Adrifirlstrh nae taeamae pleutup taeao

^lras caedku

Zleaeamae strhp nae taeamae  pleutup taeao

^lras du`unae

Zlrdh`hrae taeamae nae pleddueaae mu`sa

Zlrcahkae sa`urae nraheasl.

 

6

7.3 Slkimlenash Magam ^aeamae nae ^henakae Kieslrvash ^aeao  1.  WZ@ 1 @aoae pana WZ@ 1 mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae VH nledae faktir plmcatas yahtu kl`lrledae. Mleurut Maeuputty (3:1>), araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed slsuah uetuk kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHH ana`ao outae `henued. Outae `henued ana`ao kawasae outae yaed mlmpueyah fuedsh pikik slcadah plr`henuedae shstlm  pleyaedda klohnupae uetuk mledatur tata ahr, mlegldao caebhr, mledlena`hkae lrish, mlegldao hetrush ahr `aut, nae mlml`hoara klsucurae taeao. Wl`ahe htu  pleddueaae `aoae `aheeya yahtu napat nhdueakae slcadah outae prinuksh nae adrifirlstrh. Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao nledae magam taeamae yahtu taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao. Zana `aoae WZ@ 1 plr`u nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash adar kl`lstarhae outae napat tlrbada. ^henakae kieslrvash yaed akae nh`akukae pana WZ@ 1 napat clrupa thenakae kieslrvash slgara vldltathf clrupa adrifirlstrh. Adrifirlstrh mlrupakae suatu shstlm pledl`i`aae `aoae yaed  clrasaskae kl`lstarhae, anaeya kimcheash prinuksh taeamae plrtaehae, taeamae kloutaeae nae pltlreakae slgara clrsamaae atau clrurutae pana suatu ueht `aoae, (Wuryaeh nae Narhao, 3:13). Zana `aoae adrifirlstrh tlrnapat clradam tutupae vldltash yaed mampu mleduraedh caoaya lrish (Waputri nae Wastraeldara, 3:1>). ^henakae kieslrvash clrupa adrifirlstrh gigik uetuk nhtlrapkae pana WZ@ 1

karlea kl`lrledae adrifirlstrh thedkat pana `aoae nledae `lrled mlmh`hkh yaed guram atau adak adak guram. guramZlelrapae napat mleduraedh lrish nae mlmplrcahkh kua`htas taeao, nhcaenhedkae apach`a `aoae tlrslcut duenu` atau oaeya nhtaeamh taeamae slmushm (Wucadyiei lt a`., 3::7). ^aeamae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae yahtu taeamae pheus slcadah taeamae utama. Wl`ahe htu, thenakae kieslrvash yaed akae nh`akukae pana WZ@ 1 ana`ao pleaeamae taeamae pleutup taeao. Mleurut Isik lt a`. (3:1?), adar kl`lstarhae outae tltap tlrbada maka plr`u nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash clrupa pleaeamae taeamae pleutup taeao. ^aeamae yaed nhdueakae chsa clrupa taeamae rumput dabao. 3.  WZ@ 3 @aoae pana WZ@ 3 mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae VH nledae faktir plmcatas yahtu kl`lrledae. ^aeao pana `aoae yaed mlmh`hkh kl`as VH `lcho cahk uetuk vldltash plrmaele slplrth napat nhdueakae slcadah panaed rumput atau nhoutaekae. Araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed slsuah uetuk kl`as klmampuae `aoae heh ana`ao outae prinuksh (Maeuputty, 3:1>). Outae prinuksh napat nhkatldirhkae mlebanh nua di`iedae yakeh outae rhmca nae outae cunhnaya. Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao nledae magam taeamae yahtu taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao. Zana WZ@ 3 buda plr`u nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash cahk slgara vldltathf maupue slgara mlkaehs. ^henakae kieslrvash slgara vldltathf napat nh`akukae nledae  plelrapae adrifirlstrh nae pleaeamae taeamae tutupae taeao. Zlelrapae adrifirlstrh pana `aoae nledae `lrled yaed guram atau adak guram napat mleduraedh thedkat lrish nae mlmplrcahkh kua`htas taeao, nhcaenhedkae apach`a `aoae tlrslcut duenu` atau oaeya nhtaeamh taeamae slmushm (Wucadyiei lt a`., 3::7). ^aeamae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae yahtu taeamae pheus slcadah taeamae utama. Wl`ahe htu, pleaeamae taeamae tutupae taeao buda nh`akukae uetuk mlebada kl`lstarhae outae. ^aeamae pleutup taeao napat clrupa rumput dabao. Wl`ahe htu, uetuk mlebada kl`asplmcuatae klmampuae pana nhplr`ukae nhtaenakae thenakae kieslrvash tlras`aoae taedda atauWZ@ tlrasheh caedku slrta pledl`i`aae

 

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taeao mleurut kietur (Maeuputty lt a`., 3:1>). ^lras caedku atau tlras taedda nhcuat nledae gara mlmitied paebaed `lrled nae mlratakae taeao nh cadhae  cawaoeya, slohedda tlrbanh nlrltae caedueae yaed clrcletuk slplrth taedda. Zlmcuatae tlras caedku gigik nhtlrapkae slcadah thenakae kieslrvash pana WZ@ 3 nhkarleakae WZ@ heh mlmh`hkh kl`lraedae slclsar 7:%. 7.  WZ@ 7 @aoae pana WZ@ 7 mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae VHHH nledae faktir plmcatas yahtu kl`lrledae. Mleurut Maeuputty (3:1>), `aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH oarus nhcharkae pana klanaae a`amh nh cawao vldltash a`amh. ^aeao  pana `aoae kl`as VHHH napat nhdueakae uetuk gadar a`am nae outae `henued. Araoae  pleddueaae `aoae yaed tlpat uetuk kl`as klmampuae heh ana`ao Gadar A`am. Gadar a`am ana`ao suatu kawasae suaka a`am karlea klanaae a`ameya mlmpueyah klkoasae tumcuoae, satwa, nae lkishstlmeya atau lkishstlm tlrtletu yaed plr`u nh`henuedh nae plrklmcaedaeeya clr`aedsued slgara a`amh. Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao kawasae outae uetuk rlsapae ahr nledae magam taeamae yahtu vldltash a`amh slplrth taeamae maoieh, rumputrumputae. Zana `aoae WZ@ 7 plr`u nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash adar kl`lstarhae outae napat tlrbada. ^henakae kieslrvash yaed akae nh`akukae pana WZ@ 7 napat  clrupa vldltathf clrupa atau`aoae pledoutaeae klmca`h.thenakae Oa` heh kieslrvash nhkarleakaeslgara WZ@ heh mlmh`hkh kl`asrlfirlstash klmampuae tlrtheddh nae mlmh`hkh faktir plmcatas yaed clrat clrupa kl`lrledae nae catuae shedkapae nae tlrmasuk klna`am `aoae krhths slohedda plr`u nhcharkae na`am klanaae a`amh. I`lo karlea htu nhtlrapkae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathvl clrupa rlfirlstash atau  pledoutaeae klmca` nledae maksun uetuk mledlmca`hkae nae mlmplrcahkh kienhsh lki`idh nae ohnri`idh suatu wh`ayao nledae taeamae pioie-pioieae (Kuearsi lt a`., 3:1?). Slfirlstash buda clrfuedsh uetuk mlehedkatkae caoae irdaehk taeao narh slrasao yaed bauo nh plrmukaae taeao slohedda napat mlebada klsucurae taeao. Slfirlstash nhtlrapkae pana `aoae-`aoae krhths yaed nhakhcatkae i`lo lrish, taeao `iedsir nae akthvhtas maeusha slplrth plrtamcaedae, plr`anaedae  clrphenao, nae plelcaedae outae. Outae mlmpueyah fuedsh tata ahr yaed uehk karlea mampu mleyhmpae ahr nae mlrlnam nlcht ahr pana saat mushm pledoubae nae mleylnhakae ahr slgara tlrklena`h pana saat mushm klmarau. Zledoutaeae klmca`h nledae maksun uetuk mledlmca`hkae fuedsh tata ahr (Wucadyiei lt a`., 3::7). >.  WZ@ > @aoae pana WZ@ > mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae HV nledae faktir plmcatas yahtu kl`lrledae. ^aeao pana `aoae kl`as HV napat nhdueakae uetuk clrcadah blehs  pleddueaae plrtaehae. Klmampuae @aoae Kl`as HV nledae araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae ana`ao plrtaehae saedat tlrcatas, nhmaea plrtaehae tlrcatas heh mlmlr`ukae thenakae kousus uetuk pledawltae taeao yaed `lcho clrat nae `lcho tlrcatas waktu pleddueaaeeya uetuk taeamae slmushm. Slegaea  pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao Kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk nledae magam taeamae yahtu taeamae klslmlk nae taeamae slmushm. Mleurut Maeuputty lt a`  (3:1>), bhka `aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae HV nhplrdueakae uetuk taeamae slmushm maka nhplr`ukae thenakae kieslrvash yahtu tlras slplrth tlras caedku, plrdh`hrae taeamae pleutup taeao naeclrupa nhslrtahplmcuatae nledae pi`a adrifirlstrh. Zana WZ@ > nh`akukae

 

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thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf clrupa adrifirlstrh nhmaea adrifirlstrh mlrupakae suatu shstlm pledl`i`aae `aoae yaed clrasaskae kl`lstarhae, anaeya kimcheash  prinuksh taeamae plrtaehae, taeamae kloutaeae nae pltlreakae pltl reakae slgara s lgara clrsamaae atau clrurutae pana suatu ueht `aoae (Wuryaeh nae Narhao, 3:13). Zana `aoae adrifirlstrh tlrnapat clradam tutupae vldltash yaed mampu mleduraedh caoaya lrish (Waputri nae Wastraeldara, 3:1>). ^henakae kieslrvash `aheeya yahtu ml`akukae plrdh`hrae taeamae pleutup taeao nhmaea slchnaed `aoae nhtaeamh nledae clclrapa blehs taeamae pleutup taeao slgara clrdaethae uetuk mleduraedh lrish. Wl`ahe ml`akukae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf, buda nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs clrupa plmcuatae tlras caedku. Zlmcuatae tlras caedku gigik nhtlrapkae slcadah thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs pana WZ@ > nhkarleakae WZ@ heh mlmh`hkh kl`lraedae slclsar 3:%. ). Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao Kawasae apl` blruk. nae blruk klprik nledae magam taeamae yahtu taeamae apl` nae plthk taeamae Zana WZ@ shlm < mlmlr`ukae thenakae kieslrvash uetuk mlmplrcahkh klmampuae `aoae heh, thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf yaed plr`u nh`akukae ana`ao pleaeamae na`am strhp, pleddueaae mu`sa uetuk mlrloach`htash `aoae-`aoae clr`lrled, napat mleduraedh `abu a`hrae plrmukaae, lrish nae kloh`aedae uesur oara (Zrathwh & Wa`hm, 3:17). Wl`ahe htu, ml`akukae plrdh`hrae taeamae nhmaea slchnaed `aoae nhtaeamh nledae clclrapa blehs taeamae pleutup taeao slgara clrdaethae uetuk mleduraedh lrish. Wlnaedkae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs yaed nh`akukae pana WZ@ < yahtu nledae ml`akukae plmcuatae  plmcuatae tlras du`unae yaed akae mlmclrhkae nampak plrcahkae tlroanap  pleurueae `abu lrish nae plehedkatae prinukthvhtas `aoae sl`ahe htu tlras du`un buda mlmh`hkh kl`lchoae yahtu chaya na`am plmcuatae tlras heh rl`athf murao (Matolus, 3:16). Fuedsh narh tlras du`un yahtu uetuk mleaoae `abu a`hrae plrmukaae nae mlehedkatkae pleylrapae ahr kl na`am taeao. Wa`urae ahr nhcuat uetuk mleda`hrkae a`hrae plrmukaae narh chnaed i`ao kl sa`urae plmcuaedae ahr. ^lras du`un gigik uetuk nhrlapkae pana WZ@ < nhkarleakae `aoae tlrslcut mlmh`hkh kl`lrledae slclsar 1:% nhmaea tlras du`un gigik nhtlrapkae pana `aoae nledae klmhrhedae `lrled 1:->:% (Hnbunhe, 3:11). 6.  WZ@ 6 @aoae pana WZ@ 6 mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae HHH nledae faktir plmcatas yahtu sa`urae nraheasl. @aoae kl`as HHH napat nhdueakae uetuk taeamae slmushm nae taeamae taoueae yaed mlmlr`ukae pledl`i`aae taeao. Araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae ana`ao plrtaehae slnaed nae tlrcatas (Maeuputty lt a`., 3:1>). Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae yaed gigik uetuk satuae plta `aoae heh ana`ao Kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl` nae sayurae `aheeya) nledae magam taeamae yahtu taeamae kletaed, taeamae wirtl` nae taeamae sayurae `aheeya. Zana WZ@ 6 mlmlr`ukae thenakae kieslrvash uetuk mlmplrcahkh klmampuae `aoae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf yaed plr`u nh`akukae ana`ao  pleddueaae mu`sa heh, uetuk mlrloach`htash `aoae-`aoae nae napat mleduraedh `abu

 

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a`hrae plrmukaae, lrish slrta kloh`aedae uesur oara (Zrathwh & Wa`hm, 3:17). nae  plrdh`hrae taeamae nhmaea slchnaed `aoae nhtaeamh nledae clclrapa blehs taeamae  pleutup taeao slgara clrdaethae uetuk mleduraedh lrish. Wlnaedkae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs yaed nh`akukae pana WZ@ 6 yahtu nledae ml`akukae plrcahkae sa`urae nraheasl. Zlrcahkae sa`urae nraheasl saedat nhplr`ukae karlea clrduea uetuk mleduraedh kl`lchoae ahr pana `aoae slohedda thnak ana dleaedae atau caebhr tlr`lcho `adh pana saat turue oubae `lcat, nhmaea vi`uml ahr yaed ml`hmpao plr`u nhsa`urkae pana `ikash pleampuedae atau plmcuaedae yaed amae. 7.7 Nlskrhpshkae Nltah` Saegaedae Zleddueaae @aoae  (1) Kawasae Zledheapae Thsatawae Saegaedae pleddueaae `aoae uetuk kawasae pledheapae whsatawae yahtu ana`ao mledlmcaedkae kawasae tlrslcut nledae mlmplroathkae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf nae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs. Na`am plmcaedueae kawasae  pledheapae whsatawae oarus nhcarledh pleaeamae pioie nhslkhtar pledheapae whsatawae tlrslcut. Zleaeamae pioie-pioie yaed nhph`ho yahtu pioie nledae akar yaed kuat nae kaeiph yaed `uas. I`lo karlea htu, thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf yaed napat nh`akukae pana kawasae pledheapae whsatawae ana`ao rlfirlstash. Zledoutaeae klmca`h atau rlfirlstash nhtlrapkae nledae maksun uetuk mledlmca`hkae nae mlmplrcahkh kienhsh lki`idh nae ohnri`idh suatu wh`ayao nledae taeamae pioie pioieae (Kuearsi lt a`., 3:1?). Zleaeamae pioie pana `aoae slkhtar kawasae  pledheapae whsatawae sl`ahe clrfuedsh uetuk mledlmca`hkae fudsh ohnri`idh nae mlegldao tlrbanheya lrish tltaph buda uetuk mledlmca`hkae fuedsh lki`idh slohedda kawasae tlrslcut mlebanh `lcho asrh slka`hdus buda napat mlehedkatkae klhenaoae  pledheapae tlrslcut slohedda akae mlearhk mheat whsatawae uetuk mledheap nhkawasae tlrslcut. Wl`ahe htu, thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehk pana kawasae  pledheapae whsatawae ana`ao nledae plmcuatae atau plrcahkae sa`urae nraheasl nledae tubuae uetuk mleduraedh kl`lchoae ahr pana `aoae slohedda thnak ana dleaedae atau caebhr tlr`lcho `adh pana saat turue oubae `lcat, nhmaea vi`uml ahr yaed ml`hmpao plr`u nhsa`urkae pana `ikash pleampuedae atau plmcuaedae yaed amae. (3)  Kawasae Zlthk Apl` nae Blruk Whlm Zleddueaae `aoae kawasae plthk apl` nae blruk shlm gigik uetuk nhdueakae  pana WZ@ ) yaed mleyatakae  caowa araoae`aoae pleddueaae `aoaeplrtaehae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae uetuk `aoae klmampuae HHH ana`ao slnaed nae tlrcatas. I`lo nledae karleakl`as htu,  pledlmcaedae Kawasae plthk apl` nae blruk sham gigik uetuk nhtlrapkae pana WZ@ :% (Klmhrhedae `lrled clrdl`imcaed, mhrhed clrcukht nae adak guram) (Hnbunhe, 3:11). (7) Kawasae ^aeamae Wayurae Irdaehk (Kletaed, Tirtl` nae Wayurae @aheeya) Zleddueaae `aoae kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk slplrth kletaed, wirtl` nae sayurae `aheeya gigik uetuk nhdueakae pana WZ@ 6. Oa` tlrslcut nhnukued i`lo Maeuputty lt a`  (3:1>) yaed mleyatakae caowa araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae uetuk `aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae HHH ana`ao plrtaehae slnaed nae tlrcatas. I`lo karlea htu, pledlmcaedae kawasae kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk slplrth kletaed, wirtl` nae sayurae `aheeya gigik uetuk nhtlrapkae  pana WZ@ ) Kawasae Taeawhsata Saegaedae pleddueaae `aoae uetuk kawasae waeawhsata yahtu mledlmcaedkae kawasae tlrslcut nledae mlmplroathkae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf nae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs. Na`am plmcaedueae kawasae waeawhsata oarus nhcarledh pleaeamae pioie nhslkhtar kawasae tlrslcut. Zleaeamae pioie-pioie yaed nhph`ho yahtu pioie yaed mlmh`hkh lstlthka atau klhenaoae slplrth pioie pheus, glmara nae pioie maoieh. Zledoutaeae klmca`h atau rlfirlstash nhtlrapkae nledae maksun uetuk mledlmca`hkae mlmplrcahkh kienhsh lki`idh nae ohnri`idh suatu wh`ayao nledae taeamaenaepioie-pioieae (Kuearsi lt a`., 3:1?). Wl`ahe mledlmca`hkae fuedsh lki`idh nae ohnri`idh, tlkehk kieslrvash vldltathf clrupa rlfirlstash nledae taeamae clrvarhash yaed mlmh`hkh eh`ah lstlthka nae eh`ah lkieimhs buda napat mlearhk plroathae para whsatawae uetuk  clrkubued kl kawasae waeawhsata tlrslcut eamue buda mlmclrhkae kluetuedae  plrlkieimhae pltaeh nh kawasae tlrslcut. Zana kawasae tlrslcut buda plr`u nhtamcaokae plrmaheae slplrth iutciuen, f`yhed fix nae buda nh`akukae plmcuatae spit fiti slohedda napat `lcho mlearhk mheat whsatawae. (), `aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH oarus nhcharkae pana klanaae a`amh nh cawao vldltash a`amh. Slegaea pleddueaae `aoae kawasae outae gampurae uetuk rlsapae ahr nh`akukae nledae thenakae kieslrvash

 

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slgara vldltathf clrupa rlfirlstash atau pledoutaeae klmca`h. Kldhatae kieslrvash tlrslcut nh`akukae nledae pleaeamae clrcadah magam pioie-pioie yaed clrfuedsh uetuk rlsapae tata ahr slplrth taeamae kayu-kayuae slohedda napat mledlmca`hkae fuedsh tata ahr nae rlsapae ahr. Slfirlstash atau pledoutaeae klmca` clrfuedsh uetuk mledlmca`hkae nae mlmplrcahkh kienhsh lki`idh nae ohnri`idh suatu wh`ayao nledae taeamae pioie-pioieae (Kuearsi lt a`., 3:1?). Slfirlstash nhtlrapkae pana `aoae-`aoae krhths. Outae mlmpueyah fuedsh tata ahr yaed uehk karlea mampu mleyhmpae ahr nae mlrlnam nlcht ahr pana saat mushm pledoubae nae mleylnhakae ahr slgara tlrklena`h pana saat mushm klmarau. Zledoutaeae klmca`h nledae maksun uetuk mledlmca`hkae fuedsh tata ahr (Wucadyiei lt a`., 3::7). (6) Kawasae Klcue Gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk Kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk clrana pana WZ@ > nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae HV yaed mlmh`hkh faktir plmcatas kl`lrledae. @lrled yaed guram mlmh`hkh pitlesh yaed saedat theddh na`am tlrbanh lrish, slohedda nhplr`ukae  clrcadah tlkehk kieslrvash uetuk pleddueaae `aoae tlrslcut. ^lkehk kieslrvash yaed nhdueakae na`am kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk tlrslcut napat nh`akukae slgara mlkaehk nae vldltathf. ^lkehk kieslrvash vldltathf yaed napat nh`akukae pana kawasae heh yahtu plelrapae tumpaedsarh, pleaeamae givlr grip, nae  pledaturae pi`a taeam. Zi`a taeam tumpaed dh`hr yaed nh`akukae slpaebaed taoue akae mlehedkatkae hetleshtas taeam, slohedda cukae oaeya prinukthvhtas `aoae yaed nhthedkatkae, tltaph buda mlrupakae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf. Mleurut Arsyan (3::6), `aoae yaed tlrtutup oamphr slpaebaed taoue akae mleduraedh lrish slrta mledoash`kae shsa taeamae slcadah caoae irdaehk. Zleddueaae taeamae pleutup taeao buda akae mlmcaetu taeao adar thnak tlrdlrus i`lo a`hrae ahr yaed tlrdlrus narh atas pldueuedae maupue cukht. ^abuk narh taeamae slenhrh mlmh`hkh buda mlmcaetu mleduraedh frlkulesh ahr oubae yaed akae nhslrap i`lo taeamae pleutup taeao slohedda thnak tlrbanh dleaedae caebhr maupue pleddlslrae taeao cadhae atas.

Damcar 1. Zlelrapae ^aeamae Gampurae (Anh`ao nae Goifyae, 3:18) (4) Kawasae Zlmukhmae Tarda Wltlmpat

Kawasae plmukhmae warda sltlmpat clrana nh kawasae WZ@ 6 nledae klmampuae `aoae HHH, nhmaea kl`as klmamphae `aoae heh nhcatash i`lo anaeya faktir nraheasl. Kieslrvash ahr pana prheshpeya ana`ao pleddueaae ahr oubae yaed batuo kl taeao sllfhshle muedkhe nae pledaturae waktu a`hrae yaed tlpat, slohedda thnak tlrbanh caebhr pana mushm oubae nae tlrnapat gukup ahr pana mushm klmarau. I`lo slcac htu, thenakaethenakae yaed clroucuedae nledae pledlena`hae nae pledl`i`aae a`hrae plrmukaae napat nhfirmu`ashkae na`am stratldh kieslrvash ahr. ^lkehk kieslrvash yaed napat nh`akukae pana `aoae tlrslcut ana`ao nledae mleddueakae

 

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kieslrvash vldltathf yahtu pleaeamae taeamae t aeamae taoueae nae mlkaehk yahtu plmcuatae sa`urae ahr atau nraheasl. Clclrapa tlkehk kieslrvash ahr yaed napat nhtlrapkae na`am upaya plmaeleae ahr oubae nae a`hrae plrmukaae ana`ao plmcuatae sa`urae  plrlsapae, rirak, mu`sa vlrthka`, lmcued, nae shstlm nraheasl. \etuk mlenukued  caedueae tlkehk shph` slrta upaya kieslrvash vldltathf, napat nhcuat sa`urae yaed  clrmuatae kieslrvash. Wa`urae heh tlrutama clrduea pana saat turue oubae `lcat, nhmaea vi`uml ahr yaed ml`hmpao plr`u nhsa`urkae pana `ikash pleampuedae atau  plmcuaedae yaed amae.

Damcar 3. Wa`urae Nraheasl (Nltoae lt a`., 3:3:) (?) Kawasae pleylnha pakae tlreak (rumput) nae pltlreakae saph s aph plrao

Kawasae pleylnha pakae tlreao (rumput) nae pltlreakae saph plrao clrana  pana WZ@ 3 yaed mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae `aoae VH, yaed nhcatash nledae naktir  plmcatas clrupa lrish. ^lkehk kieslrvash yaed napat nh`akukae yahtu nledae mleddueakae kieslrvash slgara vldldtahf nae buda napat nhkimcheashkae nledae kieslrvash slgara mlkaehk. @aoae yaed clr`lrled glenlrued mlmh`hkh thedkat klsu`htae yaed `lcho theddh, karlea slmakhe guram `lrled maka bum`ao cuthr taeao yaed tlrplrghk kl atas akhcat tumcukae cuthrae oubae akae slmakhe caeyak. Wlohedda masa`ao heh mleylcackae oh`aedeya stach`htas `lrle taeao akhcat  plrucaoae-plrucaoae fhshk taeao. ^lkehk plr`henuedae `lrled nae pledlena`hae lrish yaed napat nhhetldrashkae na`am pledlmcaedae suatu `aoae clr`lrled ana`ao pritlksh vldltash. Anapue vldltash yaed nhdueakae clrupa taeamae pleutup taeao. Mleurut Henhea nae Cidir (3:11), taeamae pleutup taeao ana`ao taeamae yaed kou kousus sus nhtaeam uetuk ml`henuedh taeao narh aegamae klrusakae i`lo lrish nae atau uetuk mlmplrcahkh shfat khma nae shfat fhshk taeao. Wl`ahe mleddueakae mleddueakae taeamae ple pleutup utup taeao buda napat nh`akukae dacuedae narh kieslrvash mlkaehk nae vldltathf yahtu nledae plmcuatae tlras catu nhslrtah nledae taeamae rlrumputae. Zana tlkehk tlras heh napat nhtamcaokae nledae pleaeamae rumput, camcu atau taeamae klras karlea napat mlmcaetu mlebada klstach`ae plrmukaae taeao (Taoyunh, 3:1>). Wl`ahe uetuk mlegldao lrish, pleddueaae tlras caedku nhslrtah nledae vldltash taeamae heh buda mampu uetuk mlegukuph pakae saph tlreak masyarakat sltlmpat. s ltlmpat.

 

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Damcar 7. ^lras Caedku Nhslrtah Nledae Vldltash ^aeamae (Taoyunh, 3:1>)

Damcar >. ^aeamae Zleutup ^aeao (Zureimi lt a`., 3:16) (8) Kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao

Kawasae outae prinuksh pheus yaed nhslrtah rumpur dabao heh tlr`ltak pana WZ@ 1, yaed maea pana WZ@ heh mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHH yaed nhslrtah nledae faktir plmcatas clrupa lrish. Zana WZ@ tlrslcut napat nh`akukae kieslrvash uetuk mlmplrcahkh nae mlegldao tlrbanheya `iedsir tlrutama pana saaat mushm  pledoubae. Mltinl yaed napat nhdueakae yahtu ml`a`uh pledlena`hae mlkaehk nae vldltathf. Zana pledlena`hae mlkaehk napat nh`akukae nledae plmcuatae tlras  blramh. Mleurut plreyataae narh Taoyunh (3:1>), mleyatakae caowa Caedueae tlkehs tlras blramh napat nhdueakae pana `aoae nledae kl`lrledae guram nledae kienhsh saedat krhths. Zlrmukaae taeao nhtutup nledae oamparae blramh yaed nhhkat slnlmhkhae rupa pana patik-patik yaed nhtaegapkae na`am taeao. Zlrmukaae taeao napat tlr`henuedh narh puku`ae cuthrcuthr oubae slrta mlmplr`amcat a`hrae ahr nae mlegldao lrish nae `iesir. Zana cadhae cawao kl`impik tlras blramh napat nhcuat tlras catu (Wtiel tlrragl) uetuk mlmplrkuat kiestruksh nae mlmplr`aegar sa`urae nraheasl.

 

1>

Damcar )

Wl`ahe plmcuatae tlras blramh, a`tlreathf `ahe yaed napat nh`akukae yahtu nledae plmcuatae tlras klcue. Kieslp narh aneya plmcuatae tlras klcue heh ana`ao  plmcletukae `aoae uetuk mlebanh outae yaed nhcharkae a`amh nledae pleaeamae (rlcihsash) taeamae kloutaeae nae pleutup taeao tlrutama pana `aoae nledae klmhrhedae nh atas > Banwa` Hmp`lmletash Kldhatae  Ei.

1. 3. 7. >. .1 Naftar Kldhatae pana Wlthap Watuae Zlta @aoae Naftar kldhatae yaed akae nh`akukae pana slthap Watuae Zlta @aoae (WZ@) ml`hputh waktu pl`aksaeaae, sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae, nae pleaeddued bawac hmp`lmletash nhbacarkae slgara nltah` nh cawao heh2   1.  WZ@ 1

WZ@ kl`lrledae. 1 tlrmasuk^aeao kl na`am kl`as klmampuae klmampuae`aoae `aoae nledae  plmcatas pana kl`as VHHVHH thnak slsuah faktir uetuk nhdarap cadh usaoa plrtaehae taeamae slmushm, nae slcahkeya nhdueakae uetuk vldltash plrmaele slplrth panaed rumput atau outae yaed nhslrtah nledae thenakae pledl`i`aae yaed tlpat nae `lcho hetleshf. Zleddueaae `aoae yaed nhrlkimlenashkae yahtu slcadah kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao. \paya hmp`lmletash slcadah kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao nhplr`ukae kietrhcush Zlmlrhetao Nlrao nae Nheas Kloutaeae. Clrhkut heh rheghae waktu pl`aksaeaae nae sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae na`am upaya hmp`lmletash kawasae outae prinuksh pheus nae rumput dabao. Taktu Zl`aksaeaae Sheghae Wumclrnaya Araoae Kldhatae yaed Zleddueaae Nhcutuokae @aoae Aprh`-Bueh Bueh-Wlptlmclr

Wurvlh ^aeao ^henakae kieslrvash mlkaehs (plmcuatae tlras)

Ikticlr-Nlslmclr

^henakae kieslrvash vldltathf (pleaeamae givlr grip,  pioie pheus, kayu putho nae

WNA clrupa taeamae pheus, kayu putho nae rumput dabao taeamae  pleutup taeao, sumclrnaya ahr, slrta sumclrnaya maeusha

Outae prinuksh taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao

rumput dabao) ^acl` 7. Nraft Slegaea Kldhatae pana Watuae Zlta @aoae 1 Kldhatae nhawa`h nledae survlh taeao pana cu`ae Aprh`-Bueh uetuk mledltaouh kl`as klmampuae `aoae pana WZ@ 1, sl`aebuteya nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs nledae plmcuatae tlras. Zlmcuatae tlras mlmcutuokae waktu yaed rl`athf `ama sl`ama 3  ‗   < taoue (Narhao lt a`., 3::>). Taktu  plmcuatae nh`akukae pana mushm klmarau yahtu pana cu`ae Bu`h  ‗   Wlptlmclr uetuk mledohenarh a`hrae ahr plrmukae yaed napat mlrusak tlras. Wl`aebuteya, nh`akukae thenakae vldltathf nledae mleaeam givlr grip, pioie pheus, kayu  putho, nae rumput dabao pana cu`ae Ikticlr  ‗   Nlslmclr. Zana cu`ae tlrslcut, tlrbanh plrdaethae aetara mushm klmarau nledae mushm pledoubae slohedda  pleaeamae yaed nh`akukae pana cu`ae-cu`ae tlrslcut akae napat mlmcaetu tlrpleuoheya klcutuoae ahr taeamae (Wurmaheh nae Wyaocunnhe, 3:16).

 

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3.  WZ@ 3

Oash` k`ashfhkash kl`as klmampuae `aoae WZ@ 3 mleuebukkae caowa WZ@ 3 tlrmasuk kl na`am kl`as klmampuae `aoae VH nledae faktir plmcatas kl`lrledae. @aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae `aoae VH slsuah nhdueakae uetuk outae rakyat nae adrifirlstrh nhslrtah nledae thenakae kieslrvash clrupa  plmcuatae tlras (Oarbhaeti lt a`., 3:16). Slkimlenash pleddueaae `aoae pana WZ@ 3 slcahkeya nhdueakae slcadah outae prinuksh taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao. Clrhkut heh rheghae waktu pl`aksaeaae nae sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae na`am upaya hmp`lmletash kawasae outae prinuksh taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao. Taktu Zl`aksaeaae

Sheghae Kldhatae

Bueh-Adustus

Wurvlh ^aeao

Adustus-Ikticlr

^henakae kieslrvash mlkaehs (plmcuatae tlras)

Awa` mushm oubae (akohr IkticlrNlslmclr)

^henakae kieslrvash vldltathf (pleaeamae givlr grip,  pioie a`pukat nae taeamae  plrnu)

Baeuarh-Aprh`

Zlmcuatae  ba`ae uetuk  ba`ur whsata nae saraea

Wumclrnaya yaed Nhcutuokae

Araoae Zleddueaae @aoae

WNA clrupa taeamae pheus, a`pukat, taeamae  pleutup taeao, taeamae plrnu,

Outae prinuksh taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao

sumclrnaya ahr, slrta sumclrnaya maeusha

^acl` >. Nraft Slegaea Kldhatae pana Watuae Zlta @aoae 3 @aedkao hmp`lmletash kawasae outae prinuksh taeamae pheus nae rumput dabao nhawa`h nledae survlh taeao uetuk mleletukae kl`as klmampuae `aoae nae araoae pleddueaae yaed slsuah pana cu`ae Bueh  ‗   Adustus. Wl`aebuteya, nh`akukae thenakae kieslrvash mlkaehs nledae ml`akukae plmcuatae tlras  caedku uetuk mleduraedh tlrbanheya t lrbanheya a`hrae plrmukaae yaed mleylcackae lrish  pana awa` mushm oubae nh cu`ae Adustus  ‗   Ikticlr. Wlrta kieslrvash vldltathf yaed nh`akukae pana Ikticlr  ‗   Nlslmclr nledae mleaeam givlr grip, mleaeam pioie pheus, a`pukat, nae taeamae plrnu. Wlcadah `aedkao akohr nh`akukae plmcuatae ba`ae nae saraea prasaraea pana cu`ae Baeuarh ‗  Baeuarh  ‗  Aprh`.  Aprh`. 7.  WZ@ 7 Oash` k`ashfhkash klmampuae `aoae WZ@ 7 tlrmasuk kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH nledae faktir plmcatas kl`lrledae nae catuae shedkapae slclsar 7:%.

Mleurut Wuyaea nae Mu`hawath (3:1>), kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHHH slsuah

 

3:

uetuk outae a`amh atau kawasae gadar a`am. Zleddueaae `aoae yaed napat nhrlkimlenashkae uetuk pleddueaae `aoae yahtu slcadah outae gampurae uetuk rlsapae ahr. Hmp`lmletash mlebanh kawasae outae gampurae gampurae rlsapae ahr ml`hcatkae clrcadah phoak Nheas Kloutaeae nae Zlmlrhetao Nalrao. Clrhkut heh rheghae waktu pl`aksaeaae nae sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae na`am upaya hmp`lmletash kawasae outae gampurae rlsapae ahr. Taktu Zl`aksaeaae Sheghae Wumclrnaya Araoae Kldhatae yaed Zleddueaae Nhcutuokae @aoae Bueh-Adustus

Wurvlh ^aeao

Adustus-Ikticlr

^henakae kieslrvash mlkaehs (plmcuatae tlras)

Awa` mushm oubae (Akohr IkticlrNlslmclr)

^henakae kieslrvash vldltathf (pleaeamae givlr grip,  pioie a`pukat, nae taeamae  plrnu)

Wumclrnaya a`am clrupa taeamae pheus,  pioie sledie,  pioie maoieh,  pioie bath,  pioie glmara, a`pukat, taeamae  pleutup taeao, taeamae plrnu, sumclrnaya ahr, slrta sumclrnaya maeusha

Outae gampurae uetuk rlsapae ahr

^acl` .  WZ@ > WZ@ > mlmh`hkh kl`as klmpuae `aoae HV. @aoae nledae kl`as klmampuae HV napat nhdueakae uetuk plrtaehae tlrcatas, taeamae rumput, outae prinuksh,  panaed pleddlmca`aae, outae `henued, nae gadar a`am (Cunharta lt a`., 3:1 nhrlkimlenashkae slcadah kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk. Zltaeh nae Zlmlrhetao Nalrao  clrtaeddued bawac atas hmp`lmletash klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk. Clrhkut ana`ao rheghae waktu pl`aksaeaae nae sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae na`am kldhatae hmp`lmletash kawasae klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk

 

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Taktu Zl`aksaeaae

Sheghae Kldhatae

Bueh-Adustus

Wurvlh ^aeao

Adustus-Ikticlr

^henakae kieslrvash mlkaehs (plmcuatae tlras)

Awa` mushm oubae (Akohr IkticlrNlslmclr)

^henakae kieslrvash Vldltathf (pleaeamae givlr grip,  pioie klslmlk)

Wumclrnaya yaed Nhcutuokae

Araoae Zleddueaae @aoae

Wumclrnaya a`am clrupa taeamae

Klcue gampurae  clrcashs cuao

 pleutup taeao, klslmlk, sumclrnaya ahr nae sumclrnaya maeusha.

klslmlk

^acl` 6. Nraft Slegaea Kldhatae pana Watuae Zlta @aoae > Kldhatae pana hmp`lmletash klcue gampurae clrcashs cuao klslmlk nhawa`h

nledae taeao pana cu`aemlkaehs Bueh  ‗   Adustus. thenakaesurvlh kieslrvash mlkaehs nledae Klmunhae plmcuatae nh`aebutkae tlras pananledae cu`ae Adustus  ‗   Ikticlr. Kldhatae sl`aebuteya ana`ao thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf yakeh pleaeamae givlr grip uetuk ml`henuedh plrmukaae taeao nae pleaeamae  pioie klslmlk pana awa` mushm pledoubae (akohr Ikticlr  ‗   Nlslmclr). Zleaeamae nh`akukae pana awa` mushm oubae karlea uetuk mlegukuph klcutuoae ahr uetuk taeamae. ). Clrnasarkae oa` tlrslcut maka pana WZ@ 6 nhrlkimlenashkae uetuk pleddueaae `aoae slcadah kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl`, nae sayurae `ahe). Hmp`lmletash kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl`, nae sayurae `ahe) mlebanh taeddued bawac pltaeh. Hmp`lmletash kawasae plmukhmae mlebanh taeddued bawac Zlmlrhetao Nalrao. Clrhkut ana`ao rheghae waktu pl`aksaeaae nae sumclrnaya yaed nhcutuokae na`am kldhatae hmp`lmletash kawasae tlrslcut. Taktu Zl`aksaeaae Sheghae Wumclrnaya Araoae Kldhatae yaed Zleddueaae Nhcutuokae @aoae Bu`h ‗  Wlptlmclr Bu`h ‗  Wlptlmclr ‗  Wlptlmclr  ‗  Ikticlr

Wurvlh ^aeao ^henakae kieslrvash mlkaehs (plmcuatae sa`urae nraheasl)

Awa` mushm oubae (akohr Ikticlr ‗  Ikticlr ‗   Nlslmclr)

^henakae kieslrvash Vldltathf (pleaeamae givlr grip, Zleaeamae apl` nae blruk

Wumclrnaya a`am clrupa taeamae wirtl`, kletaed, nae sayurae `ahe, sumclrnaya maeusha, nae sumclrnaya  plenukued `ahe slplrth, sumclrnaya ahr, slrta sumclrnaya

Kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl`, pakgiy, nae sayurae `ahe)

 

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klprik shlm mleylsuahkae `aoae)

maeusha

^acl` ?. Nraft Slegaea Kldhatae pana Watuae Zlta @aoae 6 Zana kawasae taeamae sayurae irdaehk (kletaed, wirtl`, nae sayurae `ahe) nh`akukae pleaeamae nledae pi`a tumpaedsarh yaed clrtubuae uetuk

mlehedkatkae prinukthvhtas `aoae slohedda oash` mlebanh mlehedkat. Wl`ahe htu  buda nh`akukae pleamcaoae caoae irdaehk uetuk mleamcao uesur oara pana taeao. Zana kawasae plrmukhmae saedat plr`u nhcuat sa`urae plmcuaedae (nraheasl) uetuk mledohenarh tlrbanheya dleaedae akhcat cuaedae `hmcao rumao taedda. Wlnaedkae pana kawasae pleylnha pakae tlreak (rumput) nae pltlreakae pltl reakae saph plrao nh`akukae plmcuatae `ucaed da`hae uetuk pienash caedueae adar  caedueae klenaed saph plrao napat kuat nae kikio. >.3  ^aoapae Maeablmle Wumclrnaya @aoae nae Zlrae Wtakloi`nlr >.3.1  ^aoapae Maeablmle Wumclrnaya @aoae Hmpl`letash thenakae maeablmle sumclrnaya `aoae pana mashed-mashed WZ@ slsuah nledae araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed tl`ao nhrlkimlenashkae nhbl`askae slcadah clrhkut 2 1.  WZ@ 1 WZ@ 1 mlmh`hkh kl`as klmampuae `aoae VHH nledae faktir plmcatas kl`lrledae slclsar

yaed tlrlrish slrta napat slcadah pleampuedae caoae irdaehk nae slcadah sumclr oara karlea anaeya `aphsae tip sih` yaed tlrhkut i`lo a`hrae plrmukaae (Sateana, 3:18). Wlnaedkae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf yaed napat nh`akukae ana`ao pleaeamae givlr grip yaed napat ml`henuedh taeao. >.  WZ@ > WZ@ > mlmh`hkh kl`as klmpuae `aoae HV nledae faktir plmcatas kl`lrledae slclsar 3). Wlnaedkae thenakae kieslrvash vldltathf napat nh`akukae nledae plmh`hoae shstlm taeam adrifirlstrh nledae taeamae pioie. Kluetuedae yaed nhplri`lo nledae anaeya pioie ana`ao  pledlena`hae a`hrae plrmukaae nae lrish taeao nae plrcahkae kienhsh fhshk taeao (Chnura, 3:14). .3.3  Zlrae Wtakloi`nlr Maeablmle sumclrnaya `aoae tletueya thnak tlr`lpas narh faktir stakloi`nlrs atau plmaedku klplethedae. Mleurut Maonhyyao (3:14), stakloi`nlr ana`ao kl`impik atau henhvhnu yaed napat mlmledaruoh nae/atau nhpledaruoh i`lo suatu plegapahae tubuae tlrtletu. Wtakloi`nlrs mlmh`hkh plraeae yaed plethed na`am kldhatae kieslrvash `aoae. Mleurut Wumlnh (3:17), Wtakloi`nlrs yaed tlrhnlethfhkash nhoarapkae ml`hputh wakh` narh clrcadah kimuehtas yaed ana, yahtu2 1.  Masyarakat Masyarakat mlrupakae stakloi`nlrs yaed bum`aoeya pa`hed caeyak, nae mlrupakae sucblk slka`hdus icblk yaed tlrklea nampak slgara `aedsued narh nheamhka lkishstlm pldueuedae. Masyarakat mlmh`hkh plrae mleyampahkae asphrash nae klcutuoae, slrta mlmh`hkh oak mledl`i`a `aoae mh`hkeya. Kldhatae

yaed napat nh`akukae ana`ao mlmclrhkae usu`ae ataupue a taupue ml`akukae eldihsash.

 

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3. 

@lmcada plmlrhetao @lmcada plmlrhetao yaed napat nhamch` slcadah stakloi`nlrs ana`ao `lmcada yaed clrkahtae `aedsued nledae pledl`i`aae wh`ayao yaed ml`hputh Nlpartlmle Kloutaeae, Zlmlrhetao Nalrao (nheas yaed mleaedaeh kloutaeae), Nlpartlmle Zlrtaehae, Capplna, Nlpartlmle Na`am Eldlrh, nae Zlroutaeh. Wl`ahe htu, napat buda clclrapa kl`uraoae tlrnlkat yaed nhaeddap napat mlwakh`h kl`uoarae `aheeya. Zlmlrhetao mlmh`hkh plrae mlmcuat klchbakae maeablmle nae iplrashiea` nae mlmh`hkh oak rldu`ash. Zlmlrhetao buda napat ml`akukae mlnhash, fash`htash, nae sisha`h`ash. 7.  @lmcada swanaya masyarakat yaed clrdlrak nh wh`ayao pledl`i`aae @WM mlmh`hkh plrae mlmplrbuaedkae asphrash masyarakat nae mlmclrhkae masukae ml`a`uh kldhatae anvikash, mlnhash, pritls/nlmi, nae klmhtraae.   >.  Zl`aku usaoa, cahk plnadaed ataupue pleylwa `aoae uetuk kimlrsha`. Zl`aku usaoa mlmh`hkh plrae ml`akukae pledlmcaedae lkieimh ml`a`uh kldhatae primish, klmhtraae, nae eldihsash.

 

3?

CAC V. MIEH^ISHED NAE SLVHWH ZLSLEGAEAAE ZLEDD\EAAE @AOAE

Kldhatae miehtirhed atau plmaetauae nh`akukae uetuk ml`hoat cadahmaea klslsuahae rlegaea pleddueaae `aoae nledae klanaae nh `apaedae yaed clrtubuae uetuk mleyl`araskae klanaae nh `apaedae adar slsuah nledae plrlegaeaae awa`eya. Mleurut Hskaenar lt a`., (3:16), ml`a`uh miehtirhed napat nhhnlethfhkash oamcatae nae rhetaedae yaed nhoanaph na`am mlelrapkae plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae, mleh`ah thedkat klpatuoae klchbakae naemiehtirhed mledhnlethfhkash phoak-phoak yaed clrtaeddued  bawac panapl`aksaeaae slthap taoapae. Zrislnur mlegakup kldhatae pledumpu`ae nata nae plta tlrkaht plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae nae kldhatae pledamatae slrta plegatatae kldhatae plrwubunae plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae. Na`am pl`aksaeaae miehtirhed nh`akukae na`am raedka uetuk mledltaouh pl`uaed nae thedkat klclroash`ae suatu kldhatae yaed slnaed clrba`ae, slgara tlratur nae clrklsheamcuedae. Nata oash` miehtirhed napat nhbanhkae slcadah caoae na`am lva`uash khelrba kldhatae. Lva`uash nh`akukae slgara mlena`am, mledaea`hshs tletaed kua`htas nae rl`lvaesheya slrta kltlpatae tlroanap rlegaea. Miehtirhed nh`akukae slgara clrka`a pana waktu kldhatae slnaed clr`aedsued. Asplk yaed nhlva`uash ml`hputh2 klradaae kldhatae (slbauo maea klmabuae yaed sunao nhgapah nhcaenhedkae nledae rlegaea atau tardlt), lfhshlesh  pleddueaae sumclrnaya nae naea slrta masa`ao-masa`ao yaed nhoanaph na`am  pl`aksaeaae kldhatae. Miehtirhed napat nh`akukae slgara `aedsued nae thnak `aedsued. Wlgara `aedsued clrupa kuebuedae `apaedae na`am raedka plmcheaae nae pledawasae. Wlnaedkae slgara thnak `aedsued ml`a`uh pledamatae tlroanap `apirae cu`aeae (tlkehs nae anmhehstrathf), trhwu`aeae, `apirae tledao taoueae nae `apirae akohr plel`hthae (Whpaoutar, 3:14). Anapue taoap-taoap miehtirhed yakehslcadah clrhkut2 a) ^aoapae Zlrshapae 2 a.  Zlrshapae nikumle plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae  c.  Zlrshapae `hst nata, aedklt, n`` g.  Zleyusueae firmat nata nae hefirmash yaed akae nhkumpu`kae n.  Zleyhapae plta plrlegaeaae pleddueaae `aoae l.  Zleyusueae banwa` kldhatae pledamatae slrta pleyhapae thm pltudas Wurvlyir `apaedae.  c) ^aoap Zledumpu`ae Nata nae Hefirmash Nh`akukae i`lo pltudas survlyir, kldhatae heh nh`akukae nledae ml`akukae  pledumpu`ae nata nae hefirmash pledamatae nh `apaedae slplrth s lplrth kienhsh aktua` narh  plrlegaeaae `aoae. NataWhstlm nae hefirmash nhsabhkae na`am firmat pleddueaae yaed kimpathcl` nledae Hefirmash tlrslcut Dlidrafhsslcahkeya (WHD). g) ^aoap Zl`apirae ^aoapae sl`aebuteya yahtu nhsusue na`am cletuk `apirae miehtirhed plrlegaeaae  pleddeaae `aoae uetuk sl`aebuteya nhthebau klmca`h apakao kldhatae plrlegaeaae  pleddueaae `aoae sunao slsuah nledae nledae krhtlrha kieslrvash pleddueaae `aoae. Clrnasarkae taoapae miehtirhed nh atas, napat nheyatakae caowa plrlegaeaae tlrslcut sunao slsuah nledae plrsyaratae kieslrvash pleddueaae `aoae yaed cahk. ^aoapae-taoapae maeablmle sumclr naya `aoae clslrta plrae para phoak (stakloi`nlr) na`am kldhatae maeablmle uetuk plmaefaatae `aoae tl`ao nhsusue nledae mlmplroathkae aea`hshs masa`ao nae araoae pleddueaae `aoae yaed tl`ao nhtltapkae i`lo Canae Zlrlegaeaae Kita (CAZLKI) Catu. Zana slthap ueht `aoae sunao nhtletukae kl`as klmampuae `aoae slohedda plmaefaatae `aoae yaed nhrlegaeakae slsuah nledae naya nukuedeya nae nhoarapkae thnak mleylcackae nldranash `aoae

 

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NAF^AS Z\W^AKA

Anh`ao, S., nae Goifyae, H. 3:18. Zlelrapae Kieslp Cukht Clrtlras Nledae Kimcheash ^aeamae Gampurae. Burea` Zlrlegaeaae 76. Zlrlegaeaae Th`ayao Th`ayao Nae Kita. 16(1)2 38 ‗ 76. Aoman, W. T. 3:16. Zlraeae  @lduml Givlr Grip (@GG) Gi`ipidiehum mugueihnls NLWV. pana ^lkehk Kieslrvash ^aeao nae Ahr nh Zlrklcueae Kl`apa Wawht. Zrishnhed Wlmhear Eashiea` Chi`idh nae Zlmcl`abaraeeya. 7>1-7>6. Arsyan, W., 3::6. Kieslrva Kieslrvash sh ^aeao nae Ahr . Cidir2 HZC Zrlss. Cunharta, H. 3:1>. Aea`hshs Klmampuae @aoae uetuk Araoae Zleddueaae @aoae pana @lrled ^hmur @aut Dueued Adued Kacupatle Karaedaslm Ca`h. Mlnha Kimuehkash Kimuehkash Dlidrafh , 13. Oahrhao, K., Warnbiei, M. A., nae Wacareurnhe, W. 3::7.  Zledaetar adrifirlstrh2 Caoae abarae adrifirlstrh 1. Cidir 2 Tir`n Adrifirlstry Gletrl (HGSAF). Oarbhaeti, M., Wheukacae, E., ^arhdae, W. N., nae Oarhnbaba, I. 3:16. Lva`uash Klmampuae @aoae \etuk Araoae Zleddueaae @aoae Nh Nalrao A`hrae Wuedah @awi, Wu`awlsh Wl`atae. Burea` Zlel`hthae 11. Zlel`hthae Kloutaeae Ta Ta``agla ``agla. 7->. Lva`uash Klmampuae @aoae nae Araoae Zlmaefaatae @aoae nh Nalrao A`hrae Wuedah Tah ^hea Kacupatle Curu Wl`atae Zrivhesh Ma`uku. Burea` Adri`idha Adri`idha, 7(1)263-4>. Matolus, S. 3:16. Saegaed Caedue Minl` \saoataeh Kieslrvash Wlcadah \iaya Zlehedkatae Zrinukthvhtas @aoae Klrhed.  Burea` Zartelr  Zartelr , (1)27?->>.  Eaoarunnhe, E. 3:1?. Whstlm Zlrtaehae Kieslrvash Zi`a Adrifirlstrh nae Oucuedaeeya nledae ^hedkat Lrish nh Th`ayao Wuc-NAW Tuei, Nas Za`u, Wu`awlsh ^ledao.  Burea` Th`ayao Th`ayao Nae @hedkuedae @hedkuedae, 6 (7), (7), 1?7. Isik, S. M., W. M. ^a`akua., nae N. Wuprhanh 3:1?. Zleltapae Kl`as Klmampuae @aoae nae Araoae Sloach`htash @aoae Nas Tah Catu Mlrao Kita Amcie Zrivhesh Ma`uku.  Burea` Adri`idha Adri`idha, 4(1)273->1. Zrathwh., nae Wa`hm. 3:17. Ap`hkash Kieslrvash ^aeao nledae Whstlm Sirak.  Burea` Zlel`hthae Outae nae Kieslrvash A`am, 1:(7)2347-3?3. Zureimi, N. T., Waenrawath, A., Thtiei, B. S., Fhbrhnhyaeti, H. A., Wlthyaeth, N., nae Wafarheaeudraoa, N. 3:16. Nlsahe Vldltash Clreh`ah Keslrvash nae Lkieimh Zana Kawasae Zleyaedda Whstlm ^ata Ahr Nh NAW Ci`aedi.  Burea` Maeusha Nae  @hedkuedae, 37(1)2 111. Saomanaeh. 3:1?. Zleltapae ^lkehk Kieslrvash Kieslrvash ^aeao nae Ahr i`lo Masyarakat nh Nlsa  Cieti Wimca Ou`u NAW Mari Mariss. \ehvlrshtas Oasaeeunnhe. Makassar. Sateana, M. 3:18. Zlmcuatae Sirak nh aetara Zlrtaeamae Kakai. Sltrhlvln frim @htcaed Zlrtaehae2 ottps2//ett.`htcaed.plrtaehae.di.hn/henlx.pop/pridram`htcaed/pridram-3:18/4>3ottps2//ett.`htcaed.plrtaehae.di.hn/henlx.pop/pridram` htcaed/pridram-3:18/4>3 plmcuatae-rirak-nh-aetara-plrtaeamae-kakai. Nhaksls pana ? Wlptlmclr 3:31. Sayls M. @. 3::6. Mltinl Hevletarhsash Hevletarhsash Wumclr Wumclr Naya @aoae. Ma`aed2 Zlelrcht Aenh. Waputri, D. L., nae Wastraeldara, M. O. 3:1>. Kabhae ^hedkat Caoaya Lrish nae Henlks  Eh`ah Zlethed nh Outae Sakyat nh Nlsa Gaenhwu`ae Klgamatae Kutasarh Kacupatle Zurca`hedda. Burea` Chisflra Chisflra. Warmheao, K. W. 3:1?. ^lkei`idh Kieslrvash ^aeao nae Ahr. Wamarhena2 Mu`awarmae \ehvlrshty Zrlss. Wlmchrhed, C. M., nae @yeelus, B. 3:1? ‗