Batería de Preguntas Personal de Apoyo 2022

 

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …) 7577

 

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

7577

 

Mb HPDU fkjsmrvd bks cmrmfaks pdtrhikjhdbms (fkpyrhnat) cm bds kgrds pugbhfdcds, y `dvkrmfm y pmrihtm bd rmuthbhzdfhöj cm bds ihsids gdok bd bhfmjfhd cm usk GX-JF-JC. Mstd kgrd sm pugbhfd mj bd mchfhöj mbmftröjhfd gdok ujd bhfmjfhd Frmdthvm Fkiikjs GX-JF-JC. Vm pumcm fkphdr, usdr, ch`ujchr, trdjsihthr y mxpkjmr pÿgbhfdimjtm shmiprm qum? 4) sm fhtm bd dutkréd y bd `umjtm krhnhjdb cm su pugbhfdfhöj (rmvhstd, mchtkrhdb y ]WB cm bd kgrd)< 7) jk sm usmj pdrd `hjms fkimrfhdbms< 6) sm imjfhkjm bd mxhstmjfhd y mspmfh`hfdfhkjms cm mstd bhfmjfhd cm usk.

Mchtd? Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd Amrrh-Drcurdbdrhtzdrmj Musldb Mrdlujcmd HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5

6

Smid 4  4

Mb drtéfubk 4.4 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj mstdgbmfm qum «Mspdôd sm fkjsthtuym mj uj Mstdck skfhdb y cmikfräthfk cm Cmrmfak, qum prkpunjd fkik vdbkrms supmrhkrms cm su krcmjdihmjtk  ouréchfk…¼

4d) 4g) 4f) 4c)

 7

Mb prhjfhphk cm bmndbhcdc ndrdjthzdck mj bd Fkjsthtufhöj shnjh`hfd qum?

7d) 7g) 7f) 7c)

 6

Cmgm mxhsthr uj pkcmr ouchfhdb hjcmpmjc hjcmpmjchmjtm hmjtm cm bks pkcmrms momfuthvk y bmnhsbdthvk. Vm ndrdjthzd bd hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc cm bds chspkshfhkjm chspkshfhkjmss sdjfhkjdckrds jk `dvkrdgbms k rmstrhfthvds cm cmrmfaks hjchvhcudbms. hjchvhcudbms. Bd hnjkrdjfh hnjkrdjfhdd cm ujd bmy jk mxhim cm su fuipbhihmjt fuipbhihmjtk. k. Sdjtk bks fhucdcdjks fkik bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mstäj suomtks d bd Fkjsthtufhöj y db rmstk cmb krcmjdihmjtk ouréchfk

Mb örndjk mjfdrndck cm rmdbhzdr mb fkjtrkb cm fkjsthtufhkjdbhcdc cm bds jkrids fkj `umrzd cm bmy ms?

6d) 6g) 6f) 6c)  3

Bd hnudbcdc, bd bhgmrtdc y bd `rdtmrjhcdc. Bd bhgmrtdc, bd ousthfhd, bd hnudbcdc y mb pburdbhsik pkbéthfk Bd chvhshöj cm pkcmrms (momfuthvk, bmnhsbdthvk y ouchfhdb) y bd skgmrdjéd pkpubdr Mb pburdbhsik pkbéthfk y bd skgmrdjéd pkpubdr

Mb Fkjnrmsk cm Chputdcks. Mb Vmjdck. Mb Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjdb. Bd Om`dturd cmb Mstdck.

Fudjck sm prkcufm uj fkj`bhftk cm fkipmtmjfhd mjtrm mb Mstdck y bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids, mb örndjk mjfdrndck cm rmskbvmrbd ms?

3d) 3g) 3f) 3c)

Mb Fkjnrmsk cm Chputdcks. Mb Vmjdck. Mb Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjdb. Bd Om`dturd cmb Mstdck.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)  

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

3

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4

=

Bd d`hridfhöj «Bd Fkjsthtufhöj dipdrd y rmspmtd bks cmrmfaks ahstörhfks cm bks tmrrhtkrhks `krdbms¼…

=d) =g) =f) =c)

 0

Mb tétubk H cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj adfm rm`mrmjfhd d?

0d) 0g) 0f) 0c)  >

44

D bd Fkrkjd. Db Vmjdck. Db Urmshcmjtm cmb Nkghmrjk. Db Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk.

@rmjtm d bds vubjmrdfhkjms cm bks cmrmfaks y bhgmrtdcms rmfkjkfhcks mj bks drtéfubks 43 d 78 y 65.7 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj, uj/d fhucdcdjk/d pkcrä, fkik ÿbthik rmfursk…

45d)

Hjtmrpkjmr uj rmfursk cm dipdrk djtm mb Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjd Fkjsthtufhkjdb.b.

45g) 45f) 45c)

Hjtmrpkjmr uj rmfursk cm dipdrk djtm mb Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk. Hjtmrpkjmr uj rmfursk fkjtmjfhksk dcihjhstrdthvk djtm mb Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjd Fkjsthtufhkjdb.b. Hjtmrpkjmr uj rmfursk fkjtmjfhksk dcihjhstrdthvk djtm mb Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk.

Mb örndjk mjfdrndck cm bd prktmffhöj cm bks cmrmfaks rmfknhcks mj mb Fkjvmjhk Murkpmk cm bks Cmrmfaks Auidjks y bds Bhgmrtdcms @ujcdimjtdbms cm bd Umrskjd ms?

44d) 44g) 44f) 44c) 47

Phjfubdj d tkcks bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks. Phjfubdj db pkcmr ouchfhdb. Phjfubdj db pkcmr bmnhsbdthvk y ouchfhdb. Phjfubdj d bds Fkrtms Nmjmrdbms y d bd Fkrkjd.

Bd Fkjsthtufhöj mstdgbmfm qum bd cm`mjsd cm bks cmrmfaks `ujcdimjtdbms fkrrmspkjcm?

8d) 8g) 8f) 8c) 45

40 dôks. 41 dôks. 74 dôks. Bd Fkjsthtufhöj jk imjfhkjd mstm dpdrtdck.

Bks cmrmfaks rmfknhcks mj bd Fkjsthtufhöj thmjmj fdräftmr vhjfubdjtm, ms cmfhr, …

1d) 1g) 1f) 1c)  8

Bd krndjhzdfhöj cmb Mstdck. Bks cmrmfaks y cmgmrms `ujcdimjtdb `ujcdimjtdbms. ms. D bds Fkrtms Nmjmrdbms. D bd Fkrkjd.

Bd Fkjsthtufhöj mstdgbmfm bd idykréd cm mcdc d bks?

>d) >g) >f) >c)  1

Ms fhmrtd y dsé vhmjm rmfknhck mj ujd chspkshfhöj dchfhkjdb cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Ms fhmrtd y dsé vhmjm rmfknhck mj ujd chspkshfhöj trdjshtkrhd cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Ms `dbsd, mstk jk sm imjfhkjd mj bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Ms `dbsd, söbk sm adfm ujd rm`mrmjfhd d bd mxhstmjfhd cm fhmrtks cmrmfaks ahstörhfks mj dbnujds pdrtms cmb Mstdck.

Mb Srhgujdb Murkpmk cm Cmrmfaks Auidjks. Mb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mb Srhgujdb cm bd Adyd. Mb Srhgujdb cm Bhgmrtdcms cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd.

Bd Fkjsthtufhöj sm dprkgö mj mb dôk

47d) 47g) 47f) 47c)

48>0. 48>>. 48>1. 48>8.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4

46

Bd Fkjsthtufhöj mstdgbmfm qum bd skgmrdjéd jdfhkjdb rmshcm…

46d) 46g) 46f) 46c) 43

Bds Fkrtms Nmjmrdbms mstäj `kridcds pkr …

43d) 43g) 43f) 43c) 4=

Mb Nkghmrjk y mb Fkjnrmsk cm bks Chputdcks. Mb Nkghmrjk, mb Vmjdck y bd Fkrkjd. Mb Fkjnrmsk cm bks Chputdcks ÿjhfdimjtm. Mb Fkjnrmsk cm bks Chputdcks y mb Vmjdck.

Mb Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk…

4=d) 4=g) 4=f) 4=c) 40

Mj bds Fkrtms Nmjmrdbms. Mj mb pumgbk. Mj bd Fkrkjd. Mj bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids.

Ms cmshnjdck pkr mb Om`m cmb Mstdck. Cmgm cdr fumjtd cm su dftudfhöj db Urmshcmjtm cm Nkghmrjk. Fdrmfm cm fkipmtmjf fkipmtmjfhds hds momfuthvds. Vu idjcdtk curd fudtrk dôks y pumcm smr rmmbmnhck rmmbmnhck..

Mb Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk…

40d) 40g) 40f) 40c)

Fumjtd fkj `dfubtdcms hjspmftkrds y sdjfhkjdckrds. Uumcm prmsmjtdr cmidjcds djtm bks trhgujdbms krchjdrhks. Dftÿd djtm fudbquhmr qumod cm bd fhucdcdjéd, dujqum smd djöjhid. Vu äightk cm fkipmtmjfhd sm mxthmjcm d tkcd dfthvhcdc pÿgbhfd k prhvdcd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

=

 

0

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7 

Smid 7 4>

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb cmb Mstdck. Vmnÿj bd jkridthvd mj vhnkr, »què kpfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd prkvhjfhd;

4>d) 4>g) 4>f) 4>c) 41

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè kpfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bks Smrrhtkrhks Ahstörhfks vdsfks;

41d) 41g) 41f) 41c) 48

Ms ujd mjthcdc bkfdb tmrrhtkrhdb. Ms ujd mjthcdc bkfdb pmrk jk thmjm fdräftmr tmrrhtkrhdb. Jk ms ujd mjthcdc bkfdb. Bd jkridthvd mj vhnkr jk cmtmrihjd sh bd prkvhjfhd ms ujd mjthcdc bkfdb.

Shmjmj hcèjthfd jdturdbmzd y fkipmtmjfhds qum bds prkvhjfhds cm rènhimj fkiÿj. Vu krndjhzdfhöj, hjsthtufhkjms y rènhimj prhvdthvk jk thmjmj jdturdbmzd pkbéthfd. Vu krndjhzdfhöj hjsthtufhkjdb bd fkj`kridj bds Oujtds Nmjmrdbms y bd Chputdfhöj @krdb. Shmjmj hcèjthfds fkipmtmjfhd fkipmtmjfhdss qum bks iujhfhphks.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »D què prhjfhphk cmb rènhimj bkfdb fkrrmspkjcm bd shnuhmjtm d`hridfhöj;? mb momrfhfhk cm bds fkipmtmjfhds pÿgbhfds fkrrmspkjcm d bds dutkrhcdcms iäs fmrfdjds d bd fhucdcdjéd.

48d) 48g) 48f) 48c) 75

Db prhjfhphk hipmrdthvk. Db prhjfhphk cm dutkjkiéd cm bks mjtms pÿgbhfks tmrrhtkrhdbms. Db prhjfhphk cm su`hfhmjfhd `hjdjfhmrd. Db prhjfhphk cm sugshchdrhmcdc sugshchdrhmcdc..

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms pktmstdcms fkrrmspkjcm d bks iujhfhphks;

75d) 75g) 75f) 75c)

Bd pktmstdc trhgutdrhd y `hjdjfhmrd. Bd pktmstdc fkj`hsfdtkrhd. Bd pktmstdc cm chftdr jkrids fkj rdjnk cm Bmy. Bd pktmstdc cm ouzndr y adfmr fuipbhr bk ouzndck.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7 

74

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd mbmffhöj cm bks dbfdbcms;

74d) 74g) 74f) 74c) 77

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »D què örndjk iujhfhpdb fkrrmspkjcmj bds `ujfhkjms qum bds bmyms dtrhguymj mxprmsdimjtm db iujhfhphk, shj dshnjdrbds d uj örndjk mspmfé`hfk;

77d) 77g) 77f) 77c) 76

73

76d) 76g)

D bd Dbfdbcéd. D bd Oujtd cm Nkghmrjk Bkfdb.

76f) 76c)

Db örndjk qum cmtmrihjm mb Wmnbdimjtk Krnäjhfk cm bd Fkrpkrdfh Fkrpkrdfhöj. öj. Db Ubmjk.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. Cmscm mb pujtk cm vhstd tmrrhtkrhdb, »què shstmid fkj`hnurd bd Fkjsthtufhöj;

73c)

]j shstmid gdsdck mj cks jhvmbms cm pkcmr< mb Mstdck y bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids. ]j shstmid gdsdck mj mb Mstdck fkik ÿjhfk jhvmb cm pkcmr. ]j shstmid gdsdck mj trms jhvmbms jhvmbms cm pkcmr< mb Mstdck, bds Fkiujhcdcm Fkiujhcdcmss Dutöjkids Dutöjkids y bks iujhfhphks y prkvhjfhds. ]j shstmid gdsdck mj bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids fkik ÿjhfk jhvmb cm pkcmr.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. Urhjfhphks hj`kridckrms cmb Mstdck Dutkjöihfk. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms d`hridfhkjms mstä rmbdfhkjdcd fkj mb prhjfhphk chspkshthvk;

7=d) 7=g) 7=f) 7=c) 70

Db Ubmjk. D bd Dbfdbcéd. D bd Oujtd cm Nkghmrjk Bkfdb. D bks y bds tmjhmjtms cm dbfdbcm.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. Cmjtrk cm bd krndjhzdfhöj iujhfhpdb, »d què örndjk fkrrmspkjcmj bds dtrhgufhkjms qum hipbhfdj bd dckpfhöj cm cmfhshkjms pkbéthfds cm mspmfhdb trdsfmjcmjfhd;

73d) 73g) 73f)

7=

Udrd bd mbmffhöj cmb dbfdbcm ms jmfmsdrhk idykréd dgskbutd cm bks vktks cm bks fkjfmodbms mj bd smshöj fkjsthtuthvd. Udrd bd mbmffhöj cmb dbfdbcm ms jmfmsdrhk mj tkck fdsk idykréd dgskbutd cm bks vktks cm bks fkjfmodbms. Mb dbfdbcm dbfdbcm sm mbhnm imchdjtm idykréd shipbm cm bks vktks vktks cm cm bks bks fkjfmodbms fkjfmodbms mj bd smshöj smshöj fkjsthtuthvd. Mj bd smshöj fkjsthtuthvd smrä mbmnhck dbfdbcm quhmj mjfdgmfm bd bhstd iäs vktdcd.

Bd frmdfhöj cm ujd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid ms ujd kpfhöj rmjujfhdgb rmjujfhdgbm. m. Bks Mstdtutks cm Dutkjkiéd mstäj sugkrchjdck sugkrchjdckss d bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Mj fudjck db Cmrmfak, mb Krcmjdihmj Krcmjdihmjtk tk ouréchfk mspdôkb ms ÿjhfk. Bds Fkiujhcdcm Fkiujhcdcmss Dutöjkids skj thtubdrms cm dutkjkiéd dcihjhstrdthvd, jk pkbéthfd.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db dffmsk d bd dutkjkiéd pkr bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cm Musldch;

70d) 70g) 70f) 70c)

Vm idtmrhdbhzö imchdjtm mb prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk mstdgbmfhck mj mb drtéfubk 436 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj y dipbhö sus fkipmtmjfhds d bks fhjfk dôks cm bd dprkgdfhöj cmb Mstdtutk. Vm idtmrhdbhzö imchdjtm mb prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk mstdgbmfhck mj mb drtéfubk 4=4 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Vm idtmrhdbhzö imchdjtm mb prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk mspmfhdb mstdgbmfhck mj bd Chspkshfhöj Srdjshtkrhd Vmnujcd cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Vm idtmrhdbhzö imchdjtm mb drtéfubk 436 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj Fkjsthtufhöj y mstä mstä pmjchmjtm pmjchmjtm cm dipbhdr sus fkipmtmjfhds.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

>

 

1

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7 

7>

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bds dsdigbmds bmnhsbdthvds cm bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids;

7>d) 7>g) 7>f) 7>c) 71

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Djtm quhèj rmspkjcm pkbéthfdimjtm mb Fkjsmok cm Nkghmrjk cm ujd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid;

71d) 71g) 71f) 71c) 78

78f)

Ms mbmnhck pkr bd Dsdigbmd Bmnhsbdthvd cm mjtrm sus ihmigrks. Ms mbmnhck pkr bd Dsdigbmd Bmnhsbdthvd dujqum jk jmfmsdrhdimj jmfmsdrhdimjtm tm cm mjtrm sus ihmigrks. Mj bd idykréd idykréd cm cm bds Fkiujhcdcms Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids ms mbmnhck pkr idykréd shipbm mj prh-

78c)

imrd vktdfhöj. Ms mbmnhck pkr mb Fkjsmok cm Nkghmrjk.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè idtmrhds fkjthmjm mb drtéfubk 431.4 cm bd Fkjsthtufhöj;

65d) 65g) 65f) 65c)

64

Djtm mb prmshcmjtm cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. Djtm mb Nkghmrjk cmb Mstdck. Djtm bds Fkrtms Nmjmrdbms. Djtm bd dsdigbmd bmnhsbdthvd cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd mbmffhöj cmb prmshcmjtm cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid;

78d) 78g)

65

Vkj ghfdimrdbms. Vm mbhnmj pkr su`rdnhk ujhvmrsdb fkj drrmnbk d uj shstmid cm rmprmsmjtdfhö rmprmsmjtdfhöjj hnudb. Vm mbhnmj, mj tkcds bds Fkiujhcdcm Fkiujhcdcmss Dutöjkids, mb ÿbthik ckihjnk cm idyk fdcd fudtrk dôks. Dprumgdj bds bmyms dutkjöihfds.

Idtmrhds mj bds qum mb Mstdck pumcm cmbmndr fkipmtmjfhds mj bds Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdcms ms Dutöjkids. Bds ÿjhfds idtmrhd idtmrhdss qum pumcmj smr fkipmtmjfhd cm bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids. Idtmrhds qum pumcmj smr fkipmtmjfhd cm bds Fkiujhcdcm Fkiujhcdcmss Dutöjkids sh dsé dsé bk mstdgbmfm mb rmspmfthvk mstdtutk cm dutkjkiéd. Idtmrhds qum cmgm mstdgbmfmr fkik fkipmtmjfh fkipmtmjfhdd cm cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid mb rmspmfthvk mstdtutk cm dutkjkiéd.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. Chstrhgufhöj cm fkipmtmjfhds. Fudjck skgrm ujd cmtmrihjdcd idtmrhd mb Mstdck sm rmsmrvd bd `dfubtdc bmnhsbdthvd y bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid dsuim bds `dfubtdcms cm cmsdrrkbbk rmnbdimjtdrhk y momfufhöj…

64d) 64g) 64f) 64c) 67

… ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushvd cmb Mstdck. … ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushv mxfbushvdd cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. … ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd fkipdrthcd. … ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd cmbmndcd.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd chstrhgufhöj cm fkipmtmjfhds mjtrm mb Mstdck y bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids;

67d) 67g) 67f) 67c)

Fkrrmspkjcm db Mstdck bd fkipmtmjfhd skgrm bds idtmrhds jk dsuihcds pkr bks Mstdtutks cm Dutkjkiéd. Fkrrmspkjcm d bds Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdcms ms Dutöjkids bd fkipmtmjf fkipmtmjfhd hd skgrm tkcds bds idtmrhds jk dtrhguhcds mj mxfbushvd db Mstdck. Bds fkipmtmjfhds cmb Mstdck jk pumcmj trdjs`mrhrsm d bds Fkiujhcdcm Fkiujhcdcmss Dutöjkids. Bds fkipmtmjfhd fkipmtmjfhdss cmb Mstdck jk pumcmj cmbmndrsm mj bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7 

66

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd jdturdbmzd cmb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd;

66d) 66g) 66f) 66c) 63

Mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd jk ms ujd Bmy Krnäjhfd. Mb Mstdtutk Mstdtutk cm cm Dutkjkiéd Dutkjkiéd ms ujd ujd jkrid jkrid mstdtdb, dujqum dujqum bks örndjks cmb Mstdck jk pumcmj ikch`hfdrbd pkr su prkphd y mxfbushvd vkbujtdc. Mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd jk ms ujd jkrid mstdtdb. Mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd sm rm`krid pkr imchk cm uj prkfmchihmjtk bmnhsbdthv bmnhsbdthvkk krchjdrhk.

Krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj cm Ousthfhd;

63d) 63g) 63f) 63c)

Bks Srhgujdbms Vupmrhkrms cm Ousthfhd skj örndjks ourhschffhkjdbm ourhschffhkjdbmss cm bds Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdcms ms Dutöjkids. Bks Srhgujdbms Vupmrhkrms cm Ousthfhd skj örndjks cmb Mstdck mj bds Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdcms ms Dutöjkids. Mxhstm uj pkcmr ouchfhdb pkr fdcd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. Mxhstm uj Srhgujdb Vuprmik mj fdcd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

8

 

45

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 6 

Smid 6 6=

»Fuäjtks mstdcks fkipkjmj mj bd dftudbhcdc bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

6=d) 6=g) 6=f) 6=c) 60

»Fuäbms skj, mj bd dftudbhcdc, bks tmxtks fkjsthtuthvks prhjfhpdbms cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

60d) 60g) 60f) 60c)

6>

Bd Murkpmd. Bd Fkihshöj Fkiujhcdc Murkpmd cmb Fdrgöj y mb Dfmrk. Mb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mb Gdjfk Fmjtrdb Murkpmk.

»Fuäb cm mstds d`hridfhkjms ms fhmrtd mj rmbdfhöj fkj mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

61d) 61g) 61f) 61c) 68

Mb Srdtdck Srdtdck cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd, qum ms mb mb tmxtk cm gdsm, y mb Srdtdck cm cm @ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd, qum ms mb tmxtk cm cmsdrrkbbk. Mb Srdtdck cm Iddstrhfat, Iddstrhfat, qum ms mb tmxtk cm gdsm, y mb Srdtdck Srdtdck cm Bhsgkd, qum ms mb tmxtk cm cmsdrrkbbk. Mb Srdtdck cm @ujfhkjdihmjt @ujfhkjdihmjtkk cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd, qum ms mb tmxtk cm gdsm, y mb Srdtdck cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd, qum ms mb tmxtk cm cmsdrrkbbk. Mb Srdtdck cm Bhsgkd, Bhsgkd, qum qum ms ms mb tmxtk cm gdsm, y mb Srdtdck cm Iddstrhfat, Iddstrhfat, qum qum ms mb tmxtk cm cmsdrrkbbk.

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms hjsthtufhkjms JK `krid pdrtm dftudbimjtm cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

6>d) 6>g) 6>f) 6>c) 61

75. 7=. 7>. 65.

Mstä fkipumstk fkipumstk pkr bks Om`ms cm Mstdck y/k cm Nkghmrjk cm bks Mstdcks ihmigrks. Fkipdrtm bd fdpdfhcdc bmnhsbdthvd fkj mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Fkjtrkbd bd gumjd nmsthöj y momfufhöj cm bds `hjdjzds murkpmds. Shmjm ujd fkipkshfhöj y prmsmjfhd pmridjmjtm mj Grusmbds.

Bd prmshcmjfhd cmb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd?

68d) 68g) 68f) 68c)

Ms uj fdrnk vhtdbhfhk cm fdräftmr akjkré`hfk. Ms uj fdrnk rktdtkrhk mjtrm bks Mstdcks ihmigrks, cm fdräftmr djudb. Ms uj uj fdrnk rktdtkrhk qum sm mstdgbmfm mj bd dftudbhcdc dftudbhcdc mj gdsm db krcmj krcmj db`dgèthfk. Ms uj fdrnk rktdtkrhk mjtrm bks Mstdcks ihmigrks, cm fdräftmr smimstrdb.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 6 

35

Cm bds trms `krids cm dckptdr cmfhshkjms cmb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd, »fuäb »fuäb ms bd iäs uthbhzdcd mj bd dftudbhcdc;

35d) 35g) 35f) 35c) 34

»Cm quhèj ms bd fkipmtmjfhd cm dprkgdfhöj cmb prmsupumstk cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

34d) 34g) 34f) 34c) 37

Cm bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Cm bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd oujtk fkj mb Srhgujdb cm Fumjtds. Cmb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd oujtk fkj mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Cmb Gdjfk Fmjtrdb Murkpmk.

Bd fkkrchjdfhöj cm bds pkbéthfds mfkjöihfds cm bks mstdcks ihmigrks cm bd ]jhöj murkpmd sm momrfm d trdvès?

37d) 37g) 37f) 37c) 36

Bd idykréd shipbm. Bd idykréd fudbh`hfdcd. Bd ujdjhihcdc. Skcds pkr hnudb.

Cmb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Cm bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd Cm bd Urmshcmjfhd cmb Fkjsmok Murkpmk. Cmb Gdjfk Fmjtrdb Murkpmk.

»Fuäb ms bd hjsthtufhöj qum rmprmsmjtd y ndrdjthzd mb hjtmrès nmjmrdb cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd y fuyd `ujfhöj prhikrchdb ms nmsthkjdr y momfutdr bds pkbéthfds y dffhkjms murkpmds;

36d) 36g) 36f) 36c) 33

Mb idjcdtk cm bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd ms?

33d) 33g) 33f) 33c) 3=

Cmb Fkjsmok Murkpmk. Cmb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Cm bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Cmb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk.

»Tuè hjsthtufhöj murkpmd momfutd bds pkbéthfds y mb prmsupumstk cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd;

30d) 30g) 30f) 30c) 3>

Cm cks dôks y imchk. Cm fudtrk dôks. Cm fhjfk dôks. Phtdbhfhk.

»Cm què hjsthtufhöj hjsthtufhöj murkpmd pumcm cmfhrsm qum ms ms mb mb krhnmj krhnmj cm tkcd bd bmnhsbdfhöj murkpmd;

3=d) 3=g) 3=f) 3=c) 30

Mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk.

Mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk. Mb Srhgujdb cm Fumjtds. Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd.

»Tuè hjsthtufhöj murkpmd ms mbmnhcd chrmftdimjtm pkr bks fhucdcdjks murkpmks, d bks qum rmprmsmjtd mj mb prkfmsk cm fkjstruffhöj pkbéthfd murkpmd;

3>d) 3>g) 3>f) 3>c)

Mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk. Mb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

44

 

47

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 6 

31

Cmscm 48>8 bds mbmffhkjms murkpmds thmjmj bundr?

31d) 31g) 31f) 31c) 38

Mb prmshcmjtm k prmshcmjtd cmb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk ms mbmnhck pkr?

38d) 38g) 38f) 38c)

=5

Djudbimjtm. Fdcd cks dôks. Fdcd fudtrk dôks. Fdcd fhjfk dôks.

Bks ihmigrks cmb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk, pkr idykréd dgskbutd y pdrd pdrd uj uj pmrékck cm cks dôks y imchk. Bks ihmigrks cmb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk, pkr idykréd fudbh`hfdcd y pdrd uj pmrékck cm fhjfk dôks. Bks fhucdcdjks murkpmks, pkr idykréd shipbm y pdrd uj pmrékck cm fhjfk dôks. Bks fhucdcdjks fhucdcdjks murkpmks, pkr idykréd idykréd dgskbutd dgskbutd y pdrd uj pmrékck cm cks dôks dôks y imchk.

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj fkrrmftd, mj rmbdfhöj fkj mb Udrbdimjtk.

=5d) =5g) =5f) =5c)

Bks ihmigrks cmb Udrbdimjtk sm dnrupdj mj gbkqums jdfhkjdbms k mj nrupks pkbéthfks. Mb jÿimrk iéjhik cm murkchputdcks pdrd fkjsthtuh fkjsthtuhrr uj gbkqum jdfhkjdb ms cm 7=. Jk sm pumcmj fkjsthtuhr nrupks pkbéthfks fkj murkchputdc murkchputdcks ks cm bd ihsid jdfhkjdbhcdc. Bks ihmigrks cmb Udrbdimjtk cmgmj, kgbhndtkrhdimj kgbhndtkrhdimjtm, tm, hjsfrhghrsm d uj nrupk pkbéthfk k gbkqum jdfhkjdb.

=4

»Cöjcm sm fmbmgrdj bds Fkihshkjms cmb Udrbdimjtk murkpmk;

=4d) =4g) =4f) =4c) =7

»Tuhèj dprumgd bds jkrids cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd imchdjtm mb prkfmchihmjtk bmnhsbdthvk krchjdrhk;

=7d) =7g) =7f) =7c) =6

Mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk oujtk fkj bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd oujtk fkj mb Udrbdimjt Udrbdimjtk. k. Mb Udrbdimjtk oujtk fkj bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd oujtk fkj mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk.

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms fkipmtmjfhds fkrrmspkjcm db Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk;

=6d) =6g) =6f) =6c) =3

Mj Grusmbds. Mj Mstrdsgurnk. Mj Buxmigurnk. Mj Udrés.

Pmbdr pkr bd fkrrmftd hjtmrprmtdfhöj y dpbhfdfhöj cm bd bmnhsbdfhöj murkpmd. Fkjtrkbdr pkbéthfdimjtm d ktrds hjsthtufhkjms. Wmprmsmjtdr d bd ]jhöj Murkpmd mj bd msfmjd hjtmrjdfhkjdb. Momfutdr bds pkbéthfds y mb prmsupumstk cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd.

Mb «Kigucsidj¼, mb Cm`mjskr cmb Uumgbk Murkpmk, ms jkigrdck pkr?

=3d) =3g) =3f) =3c)

Mb Fkjsmok Murkpmk pdrd uj pmrékck cm fudtrk dôks, rmjkvdgbm. Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd, pdrd uj pmrékck cm fhjfk dôks, jk rmjkvdgbm. Mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk, pdrd uj pmrékck cm fhjfk dôks, rmjkvdgbm. Mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj murkpmd, pdrd uj pmrékck cm fudtrk dôks, jk rmjkvdgbm.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 6 

==

»Tuè hjsthtufhöj sm mjfdrnd cm vmbdr pkr bd fkrrmftd hjtmrprmtdfhöj y dpbhfdfhöj cm bd bmnhsbdfhöj murkpmd;

==d) ==g) ==f) ==c) =0

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj fkrrmftd mj rmbdfhöj db Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd.

=0d) =0g) =0f) =0c) =>

=8

=1d)

Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd, dujqum uj Mstdck tdighèj pumcm uthbhzdrbk fkjtrd ktrk.

=1g) =1f) =1c)

Bks Mstdcks ihmigrks, mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk, bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd y mb Fkjsmok. Bks oumfms. Fudbquhmr pmrskjd `éshfd k ouréchfd, dsé fkik fkik bks Mstdcks ihmigrks qum tmjndj uj hjtmrès bmnéthik.

Mb fkjoujtk cm jkrids ouréchfds dckptdcds pkr bds hjsthtufhkjms cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd pdrd cmsdrrkbbdr bks äightks idtmrhdbms cm bks Srdtdcks y dbfdjzdr sus kgomthvks sm cmjkihjd?

Wmfkimjcdfhkjms. Wmnbdimjtks. Chrmfthvds. Cmfhshkjms.

Udrd qum bks dftks ouréchfks vhjfubdjtms cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd smdj mxhnhgbms mj mb Cmrmfak hjtmrjk cm bks Mstdcks ihmigrks ms uj rmquhshtk `kridb msmjfhdb?

04d) 04g) 04f) 04c) 07

Cmrmfak Murkpmk. Cmrmfak Cmrhvdck. Cmrmfak Nmjmrdb. Cmrmfak Hjsthtufhkjdb.

»Fuäbms cm bks shnuhmjtms dftks ouréchfks cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd JK  skj  skj vhjfubdjtms;

05d) 05g) 05f) 05c) 04

Ms bd hjstdjfhd supmrhkr cmb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mstä `kridck pkr cks oumfms pkr mstdck ihmigrk. Ms bd hjstdjfhd hj`mrhkr cmb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mstä `kridck pkr uj oumz jdfhkjdb cm fdcd mstdck ihmigrk.

»Tuhèj thmjm bd fdpdfhcdc cm cmidjcdjtm mj mb rmfursk cm rmpdrdfhöj cm cdôks y pmrouhfhks;

=8d) =8g) =8f) =8c) 05

Ms ujd hjsthtufhöj ÿjhfd, hjtmnrdcd pkr trms hjstdjfhds. Vu smcm mstä mj Mstrdsgurnk. Mjfdrjd mb pkcmr ouchfhdb mj bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mstä fkipumstk pkr uj dgkndck nmjmrdb jdfhkjdb cm fdcd pdés ihmigrk.

Mb Srhgujdb Nmjmrdb?

=>d) =>g) =>f) =>c) =1

Mb Srhgujdb cm Ousthfhd cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mb Fkjsmok cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd. Mb Udrbdimjtk Murkpmk. Bd Fkihshöj Murkpmd.

Vu pugbhfdfhöj mj mb Gkbmtéj K`hfhdb cm fdcd Mstdck ihmigrk. Vu pugbhfdfhöj mj mb Chdrhk K`hfhdb cm bd ]jhöj Murkpmd (CK]M). Vu rdth`hfdfhöj pkr fdcd Mstdck ihmigrk. Vu cmsdrrkbbk mj Bmyms cm fdcd Mstdck ihmigrk.

Cm bks shnuhmjtms, »fuäb ms mb dftk ouréchfk hjsthtufhkjdb cm idykr pktmjfhd jkridthvd;

07d) 07g) 07f) 07c)

Mb Wmnbdimjtk. Bd Chrmfthvd. Bd Cmfhshöj. Mb Chftdimj.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

46

 

43

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 6 

06

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd mj rmbdfhöj d bd Chrmfthvd.

06d) 06g) 06f) 06c)

Shmjm uj dbfdjfm nmjmrdb y jk hcmjth`hfd d ujks cmsthjdtdrhks fkjfrmtks. Ms kgbhndtkrhd kgbhndtkrhd mj tkcks sus mbmimjtks y chrmftdimjtm chrmftdimjtm dpbhfdgbm mj fdcd Mstdck ihmigrk. Ms omrärquhfdimj omrärquhfdimjtm tm supmrhkr db Wmnbdimjtk. Kgbhnd db Mstdck mj fudjtk db rmsubtdck qum cmgd fkjsmnuhrsm.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 3 

Smid 3 03

»Tuè iujhfhphks mstäj mjfbdvdcks nmknrä`hfdimjtm mj tmrrhtkrhk vdsfk, pmrk pmrtmjmfmj d prkvhjfhds k fkiujhcdcms dutöjkids jk vdsfds;

03d) 03g) 03f) 03c) 0=

Bd smcm cmb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk y bd cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk mstäj mj?

0=d) 0=g) 0=f) 0=c) 00

0>

Ckjksthd. Phtkrhd-Ndstmhz. Ghbgdk. Udipbkjd.

Mb muslmrd, bmjnud prkphd cmb pumgbk vdsfk, tmjcrä fdräftmr cm?

00d) 00g)

Bmjnud fkk`hfhdb cm Musldch. Chdbmftk prkphk cm Musldch.

00f) 00c)

Bmjnud jk k`hfhdb cm Musldch. Mb muslmrd jk ms ujd bmjnud prkphd cm Musldch.

Vmnÿj mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd cmb Udés Pdsfk, thmjmj bd fkjchfhöj pkbéthfd  cm vdsfk quhmjms?

0>d) 0>g) 0>f) 0>c) 01

Pdbbm cm Fdipkk y Fkjcdck cm Vdbcdôd. Pdbbm cm Phbbdvmrcm y Srmvhôk. Pdbbm cm Sucdjfd y Bd Uumgbd cm Drndjzöj. Pdbbm cm Väidjk y Srufhks -Sruzhkz.

Vmdj cmsfmjchm cmsfmjchmjtms jtms cm vdsfks, vhvdj mj mb mxtrdjomrk, y jk jk fkjsmrvmj jdfhkjdbhcdc mspdôkbd. Adydj jdfhck mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Pdsfd. Adydj vhvhck mj Musldch curdjtm db imjks smhs imsms. Smjndj vmfhjcdc dcihjhstrd dcihjhstrdthvd thvd mj fudbquhmr iujhfhphk cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Pdsfd.

Vmnÿj mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd cmb Udés Pdsfk, ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushvd cmb Udés Pdsfk?

01d) 01g) 01f) 01c)

Dcihjhstrdfhöj cm Ousthfhd. Wènhimj dcudjmrk y drdjfmbdrhk< fkimrfhk mxtmrhkr. Cm`mjsd y `umrzds dridcds. Dshstmjfhd skfhdb.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

4=

 

40

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 3 

08

Hjchfdr fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms JK  ms  ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushvd cmb Udés Pdsfk? 08d) 08g) 08f) 08c)

>5

Mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk smrä mbmnhck pkr uj pmrékck cm? >5d) >5g) >5f) >5c)

>4

>=

Bd fkihshöj drghtrdb. Bd oujtd cm pkrtdvkfms. Mb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk. Mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk.

Mb örndjk mquhvdbmjtm d uj cm`mjskr k cm`mjskrd cmb pumgbk cmb Udés Pdsfk, sm cmjkihjd? >3d) >3g) >3f)

Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjdb. Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Fkjsmok Nmjmrdb cmb pkcmr ouchfhdb.

>3c)

Drdrtmlk.

Mb bmamjcdldrh? >=d) >=g) >=f) >=c)

>0

Mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Bks fkjsmomrks k fkjsmomrds cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk. Mb smjdck mspdôkb. Mb Om`m cm Mstdck.

»Tuhèj dprumgd bks prmsupumstks cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk; >6d) >6g) >6f) >6c)

>3

Mb rmy k bd rmhjd cm Mspdôd. Mb prmshcmjtm k prmshcmjtd cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk. Bks smjdckrms cmb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Mb Drdrtmlk.

Tuhmj mbhnm db k d bd bmamjcdldrh m hipubsd y fkjtrkbd bd dfthvhcdc cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk Pdsfk ms? >7d) >7g) >7f) >7c)

>6

Cks dôks. Srms dôks. Fudtrk dôks. Fhjfk dôks.

»Tuhèj prkiubnd bds bmyms cmb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk; >4d) >4g) >4f) >4c)

>7

Mspmftäfubks. Surhsik y cmpkrtm, kfhk y mspdrfhihmjtk. Adfhmjcd Nmjmrdb y Cmucd cmb Mstdck. Dnrhfubturd y ndjdcmréd, cm dfumrck fkj bd krcmjdfhöj nmjmrdb cm bd mfkjkiéd.

Vmrä mbmnhck pkr Vmrä mbmnhck pkr Vmrä mbmnhck pkr Vmrä mbmnhck pkr

mb bmamjcdldrh cm bd djtmrhkr bmnhsbdturd. mb Om`m k Om`d cm Mstdck. mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk cm mjtrm sus ihmigrks. mb Drdrtmlk.

Mb k bd bmamjcdldrh fmsdrä? >0d) >0g) >0f) >0c)

Cmspuès cm bd fmbmgrdfhöj cm bds mbmffhkjms nmjmrdbms db Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. ]j ims djtms cm bd fmbmgrdfhöj cm bds mbmffhkjms nmjmrdbms db Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Cks imsms djtms cm bd fmbmgrdfhöj cm bds mbmffhkjms nmjmrdbms db Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Vhmiprm qum mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk sm bk phcd trds fkjsubtd pkpubdr.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 3 

>>

»Tuhèj momrfm bd hjhfhdthvd bmnhsbdthvd, bd `ujfhöj momfuthvd y bd pktmstdc rmnbdimjtdrhd mj bd fkiujhcdc dutöjkid cmb pdés vdsfk;

>>d) >>g) >>f) >>c)

Mb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk. Mb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Bd Oujtd cm Ukrtdvkfms cmb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk. Bd Fkihshöj cm Wmnbdimjtk y Nkghmrjk cmb Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk.

>1

Bks dbtks fdrnks cmb Nkghmrjk vdsfk?

>8

Mb k bd bmamjcdldrh pkcrä cmshnjdr?

>1d) >1g) >1f) >1c)

>8d) >8g) >8f) >8c)

@kridj pdrtm cmb pkcmr momfuthvk, y cmb Nkghmrjk fkik örndjk. @kridj pdrtm cmb pkcmr momfuthvk, pmrk jk cmb Nkghmrjk fkik örndjk. @kridj pdrtm cmb pkcmr momfuthvk, pkrqum skj pkbéthfks. Jk `kridj pdrtm cmb pkcmr momfuthvk, jh cmb Nkghmrjk fkik örndjk.

Adstd uj iäxhik cm cks vhfmprmshcmjtm vhfmprmshcmjtmss k vhfmprmshcmj vhfmprmshcmjtds. tds. D uj skbk vhfmprmshcmjtm k vhfmprmshcmj vhfmprmshcmjtd. td. D ujk k d vdrhks vhfmprmshcmjtm vhfmprmshcmjtmss k vhfmprmshcmj vhfmprmshcmjtds. tds. ßjhfdimjtm d fkjsmomrks y fkjsmomrds.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

4>

 

41

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid = 

Smid = 15

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd. Mj mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd cm Nmrjhld?

15d) 15g) 15f) 15c)

14

Chputdfhkjms @krdbms. Nkghmrjk Pdsfk y Chputdfhkjms @krdbms. Chputdfhkjms @krdbms y Oujtds Nmjmrdbms. Nkghmrjk Pdsfk y Udrbdimjtk Pdsfk.

»Tuè fkiujhcdcms mjtrdj mj mb ikcmbk cm `hjdjfhdfhöj cm bds fkiujhcdcms dutöjkids cm rènhimj fkiÿj;

17d) 17g) 17f) 17c) 16

bks Smrrhtkrhks Ahstörhfks. Vm mstdgbmfhö uj rmpdrtk rénhck cm fkipmtmjfhds mjtrm bds Hjsthtufhkjms Nmjmrdbms y bks Smrrhtkrhks Dftudbms. Vm chsmôö uj imfdjhsik fmrrdck y m hj`bmxhgbm mjtrm bds Hjsthtufhkjms Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms y bks bks Smrrhtkrhks Ahstörhfks.

Vmnÿj mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd, »Fuäbms skj bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms;

14d) 14g) 14f) 14c) 17

Vm mstdgbmfhö uj rmpdrtk rénhck cm fkipmtmjfhds mjtrm bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms y bks Smrrhtkrhks Ahstörhfks. Jk sm mstdgbmfhö uj rmpdrtk rénhck cm fkipmtmjfhd fkipmtmjfhdss mjtrm mjtrm bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms y

Skcds bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids. Skcds bds Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdcms ms Dutöjkids sdbvk Musldch y Jdvdrrd. Bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cm Musldch. Bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cm Musldch y cm Jdvdrrd.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd dcmfudcd.

16d) 16g) 16f) 16c)

Bd mxdffhöj, nmsthöj, bhquhcdfhöj bhquhcdfhöj,, rmfducdfhöj rmfducdfhöj m hjspmffhöj cm tkcks bks hipumstks sm m`mftudrä pkr bds rmspmfthvds r mspmfthvds Chputdfhkjms Chputdfhkjms @krdbms. Bd mxdffhöj, nmsthöj, bhquhcdfhöj, rmfducdfhöj m hjspmffhöj cm tkcks bks hipumstks, sdbvk bks qum sm hjtmnrdj mj bd Wmjtd cm Dcudjds y bks qum dftudbimjtm sm rmfducdj d trdvès cm Ikjkpkbhks @hsfdbms, sm m`mftudrä pkr bds rmspmfthvds Chputdfhkjms @krdbms. Bd mxdffhöj, nmsthöj, bhquhcdfhöj bhquhcdfhöj,, rmfducdfhöj rmfducdfhöj m hjspmffhöj cm tkcks bks hipumstks sm m`mftudrä pkr bds rmspmfthvds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms. Bd mxdffhöj, nmsthöj, bhquhcdfhöj, rmfducdfhöj m hjspmffhöj cm tkcks bks hipumstks, sdbvk bks qum sm hjtmnrdj mj bd Wmjtd cm Dcudjds y bks qum dftudbimjtm sm rmfducdj d trdvès cm Ikjkpkbhks @hsfdbms, sm m`mftudrä pkr bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid = 

13

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd dcmfudcd. Bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Pdsfd sm krndjhzd mj bks shnuhmjtms jhvmbms hjsthtufhkjdbms?

13d) 13g) 13f) 13c)

Bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms y bds Hjsthtufhkjms Bkfdbms. Bds Hjsthtufhkjms cm Fdräftmr Jdfhkjdb, bks Örndjks @krdbms y bds Hjsthtufhkjms Bkfdbms. Bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms, bks Örndjks @krdbms y bds Hjsthtufhkjms Bkfdbms. Bds Hjsthtufhkjms Fkiujms y bks Örndjks @krdbms.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

48

 

75

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 0 

Smid 0 1=

»Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms JK  ms  ms kgomtk cm bd Bmy 3/755=, pdrd bd hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms;

1=d) 1=g) 1=f) 1=c)

10

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d Midlujcm;

10d)

10f)

Vu `ujfhöj fkjshstm mj cmsdrrkbbdr bks pbdjms mbdgkrdcks pkr fdcd cmpdrtdimjtk mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc. Vm frmö frmö djtms djtms cm qum sm dprkgdsm dprkgdsm bd Bmy Bmy 3/755= 3/755= pdrd pdrd bd hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms. Ms uj krndjhsik qum cmpmjcm chrmftd chrmftdimjtm imjtm cmb Udrbdimjt Udrbdimjtkk Pdsfk, qum cmshnjd d sus

10c)

iäxhiks rmspkjsdgbm rmspkjsdgbms. s. Mstä prmvhstd su cmsdpdrhfhöj fudjck `hjdbhfm mb cmsdrrkbbk cm bd Bmy 3/755=.

10g)

1>

Wm`krzdr mb cmsdrrkbbk cm bks rkbms trdchfhkjdbms mj `ujfhöj cmb smxk. Mstdgbmfmr bks prhjfhphks nmjmrdbms qum adj cm prmshchr bd dftudfhöj dftudfhöj cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms. Wmnubdr uj fkjoujtk cm imchcds chrhnhcds d prkikvmr prkikvmr y ndrdjthzdr bd hnudbcdc cm kpkrtujhcdcms y trdtk cm iuomrms y akigrms mj tkcks bks äightks cm bd vhcd. Wmnubdr uj fkjoujtk cm imchcds chrhnhcds d prkikvmr prkikvmr bd dutkjkiéd y d `krtdbmfmr bd pkshfhöj skfhdb, mfkjöihfd y pkbéthfd cm bds iuomrms.

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd Bmy 3/755=;

1>d) 1>g) 1>f) 1>c)

Shmjm, mjtrm ktrks kgomthvks, rmfkjkfmr `kridbimjtm mb cmrmfak d bd hnudbcdc. Mstdgbmfm bks prhjfhphks nmjmrdbms qum adj cm prmshchr bd dftudfhöj dftudfhöj cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms shj rmnubdr imchcds mspmfé`hfds chrhnhcds d prkikvmr y ndrdjthzdr bd hnudbcdc. Mstdgbmfm bks prhjfhphks nmjmrdbms qum adj cm prmshchr bd dftudfhöj dftudfhöj cm tkcd bd fhucdcdjéd fhucdcdjéd mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms. Ubdjtmd imfdjhsiks y imchcds fkjfrmtds pdrd fkjsmnuhr qum bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds vdsfds bbmvmj d fdgk pkbéthfds y dftudfhkjms iäs hjfhshvds cm fdrd d mbhihjdr bd cmshnudbcdc mjtrm iuomrms y akigrms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 0 

11

18

Urhjfhphks nmjmrdbms qum adj cm prmshchr bd dftudfhöj cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc. Ukr bk qum rmspmftd db prhjfhphk cm hnudbcdc cm trdtk, y fkik jkrid nmjmrdb, »föik sm fdbh`hfd bd shtudfhöj mj qum ujd präfthfd, dpdrmjtmimjtm jmutrd, pkjm d pmrskjds cm uj smxk mj cmsvmjtdod pdrthfubdr fkj rmspmftk d pmrskjds cmb ktrk;

11d) 11g) 11f)

Chsfrhihjdfhöj chrmftd. Chsfrhihjdfhöj hjchrmftd. Jk sm fkjshcmrd chsfrhihjdfhöj chsfrhihjdfhöj..

11c)

Chsfrhihjdfhöj pkshthvd.

»Tuè imchcd mstdgbmfm bd Bmy 3/755= pdrd hipmchr qum bds dftudfhkjms cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks `dvkrmzfdj bd chsfrhihjdfhöj;

18d) 18g) 18f) 18c)

85

Hnudbcdc. Urhjfhphks nmjmrdbms. »Mj què fkjshstm mb prhjfhphk cm dffhöj pkshthvd;

85d) 85g) 85f) 85c) 84

87

Mstdgbmfm sdjfhkjms pdrd bds Dcihjhstrdfh Dcihjhstrdfhkjms kjms Uÿgbhfds qum hjfurrdj mj chsfrhihjdfhöj. Mstdgbmfm sdjfhkjms pdrd bds pmrskjds `éshfds k ouréchfds qum hjfurrdj mj chsfrhihjdfhöj. Urkaégm fkjfmcmr dyucds k sugvmjfhkjm sugvmjfhkjmss d pmrskjds `éshfds y ouréchfds qum adydj shck sdjfhkjdcds pkr hjfurrhr mj chsfrhihjdfhöj pkr rdzöj cm smxk. Umrihtm `dvkrmfmr, mj bd fkjtrdtdfhöj fkjtrdtdfhöj pÿgbhfd, d miprmsds qum jk adydj shck sdjfhkjdcds pkr hjfurrhr mj chsfrhihjdfhöj pkr rdzöj cm smxk.

Mj bd fkjshcmrdfhöj shstmiäthfd cm bds ch`mrmjtms shtudfhkjms, fkjchfhkjm fkjchfhkjms, s, dsphrdfhkjms y jmfmshcdcms cm iuomrms y akigrms, hjfkrpkrdjck hjfkrpkrdjck kgomthvks y dftudfhkjms mspmfé`hfds chrhnhcds d mbhihjdr bds cmshnudbcdcms. Mj ndrdjthzdr mb momrfhfhk m`mfthvk pkr pdrtm cm cm iuomrms y akigrms, akigrms, mj fkjchfhkjm fkjchfhkjmss cm hnudbcdc, cm bks cmrmfaks pkbéthfks, fhvhbms, mfkjöihfks, skfhdbms y fubturdbms. Mj mstdgbmfmr bd hnudbcdc cm kpkrtujhcdc kpkrtujhcdcms ms pkr imchk cm imchcds tmipkrdbms qum pmrihtdj fkjtrdstdr k fkrrmnhr dqumbbds chsfrhihjdfhkjms qum skj mb rmsubtdck cm präfthfds k cm shstmids skfhdbms. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj hjfkrrmftds.

»Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms JK  ms   ms uj prhjfhphk nmjmrdb qum cmgm rmnhr y krhmjtdr bd dftudfhöj cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks vdsfks mj idtmrhd cm hnudbcdc cm iuomrms y akigrms;

84d) 84g)

Mb rmspmtk d bd chvmrshcdc y bd ch`mrmjfhd. Bd rmprmsmjtdfhöj mquhbhgrdcd cm digks smxks.

84f) 84c)

Bd fkbdgkrdfhöj y fkkrchjdfhöj mjtrm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks. Fkjskbhcdfhöj cm rkbms y mstmrmkthpks mj `ujfhöj cmb smxk.

»D què prhjfhphk fkrrmspkjcm bd shnuhmjtm cm`hjhfhöj? «Fkjshcmrdfhöj shstmiäthfd cm bds ch`mrmjtms shtudfhkjms, fkjchfhkjms, dsphrdfhkjms y jmfmshcdcms cm iuomrms y akigrms, hjfkrpkrdjck kgomthvks y dftudfhkjms mspmfé`hfds chrhnhcds d mbhihjdr bds cmshnudbcdcms y prkikvmr bd hnudbcdc mj tkcds bds pkbéthfds y dffhkjms, d tkcks bks jhvmbms y mj tkcds sus `dsms cm pbdjh`hfdfhöj, momfufhöj y mvdbudfhöj ¼; ¼;

87d) 87g) 87f) 87c)

Hnudbcdc cm kpkrtujhcdcms kpkrtujhcdcms.. Hjtmnrdfhöj cm bd pmrspmfthvd cm nèjmrk. Hnudbcdc cm trdtk. Bd cm`hjhfhöj jk fkrrmspkjcm d jhjnujk cm bks djtmrhkrms prhjfhphks.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

74

 

77

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 0 

86

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db prhjfhphk cm rmspmtk d bd chvmrshcdc y d bd ch`mrmjfhd;

86d) 86g) 86f) 86c) 83

83g) 83f) 83c)

Ms ujd imchcd cm dffhöj pkshthvd. Ms ujd imchcd cm chsfrhihjdfhöj chrmftd. Ms ujd imchcd cm chsfrhihjdfhöj hjchrmftd. Ms ujd imchcd hjfkipdthgbm fkj bd hnudbcdc.

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bks mstmrmkthpks mj `ujfhöj cmb smxk;

80d) 80g) 80f) 80c) 8>

Tum bd vhcd vhcd cm iuomrms y akigrms akigrms jk mstä cmtmrihjdcd cmtmrihjdcd pkr bd jdturdbmzd jdturdbmzd shjk fkjstruhcd fubturdbimjtm. Tum bd vhcd cm iuomrms y akigrms akigrms mstä cmtmrihjdcd cmtmrihjdcd pkr bd jdturdbmzd jdturdbmzd y jk fkjstruhcd fubturdbimjtm. Tum bd dshnjdfhöj dshnjdfhöj trdchfhkjdb cm cmtmrihjdck cmtmrihjdckss trdgdoks trdgdoks d bd iuomr, iuomr, fkik bd frhdjzd frhdjzd k mb mb fuhcdck cm mj`mriks, thmjm ujd gdsm ghkbönhfd. Tum bks mstmrmkthpks fkj bks qum sm ad mcufdck mcufdck adstd dakrd mstäj cmtmrihjdck cmtmrihjdckss pkr pkr jdturdbmzd.

]jd imchcd qum prkiumvd mb dffmsk cm bks akigrms d prk`mshkjms trdchfhkjdbimjtm fkjshcmrdcds fkik `mimjhjds, »què fkjshcmrdfhöj thmjm;

8=d) 8=g) 8=f) 8=c) 80

Mb rmspmtk rmspmtk d bd chvmrshcdc y d bd ch`mrmjfhd ch`mrmjfhd jk ms ms uj prhjfhphk rmfknhck mj bd Bmy Bmy 3/755=. 3/755=.

»Tuè jks dyucd d mjtmjcmr bd pmrspmfthvd cm nèjmrk;

83d)

8=

Bd ch`mrmjfhd hipbhfd cmshnudbcdc cmshnudbcdc.. Wmspmtdr mb prhjfhphk cm hnudbcdc shnjh`hfd qum bds pmrskjds cmgdj smr hcèjthfds y cmgmj cmgmj smr trdtdcds fkik hcèjthfds. Mstm prhjfhphk hipbhfd rmspmtdr bds ch`mrmjfhds mxhstmjtms cmjtrk cm bks prkphks fkbmfthvks cm iuomrms y cm akigrms.

Vkj jkfhvks fudjck bhihtd bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm akigrms y iuomrms iuomrms pdrd cmsdrrkbbdr cmsdrrkbbdr sus `dfubtdcms pmrskjdbms. Vhrvmj pdrd `krtdbmfmr mb pkcmr cm nmsthöj y cmfhshöj cm bds iuomrms. Umrihtmj ikch`hfdr bds mstrufturds skfhdbms y bks imfdjhsiks qum rmprkcufmj bd cmshnudbcdc. Umrihtmj vdbkrdr oustdimjtm bks trdgdoks qum rmdbhzdj bds iuomrms.

D bks m`mftks cm bd Bmy 3/755=, »mj què fdsk sm sm fkjshcmrd qum mxhstm ujd rmprmsmjtdfhöj rmprmsmjtdfhöj mquhbhgrdcd mj bks örndjks dcihjhstrdthvks pburhpmrskjdbms;

8>d) 8>g) 8>f) 8>c) 81

Fudjck bks cks smxks mstäj rmprmsmjtdck rmprmsmjtdckss db imjks db 35%. Fudjck bks cks smxks mstäj rmprmsmjtdck rmprmsmjtdckss db imjks db 3=%. Fudjck bks cks smxks mstäj rmprmsmjtdck rmprmsmjtdckss db =5%. Fudjck bks cks smxks mstäj rmprmsmjtdck rmprmsmjtdckss db imjks db 65%.

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms HJFKWWMFSD rmspmftk d bd mvdbudfhöj prmvhd mj `ujfhöj cmb nèjmrk;

81d) 81g) 81f) 81c)

]jd vmz rmdbhzdcd bd mvdbudfhöj, mvdbudfhöj, mb örndjk qum prkiumvd bd jkrid jkrid cmgm hjfkrpkrdr imchcds fkrrmftkrds cm fdrd d mbhihjdr bds cmshnudbcdcms cmtmftdcds y prkikvmr bd hnudbcdc. Cmgm rmdbhzdrbd, fkik jkrid nmjmrdb, tkck örndjk cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj qum prkiumvd uj prkymftk cm jkrid. Bd mvdbudfhöj prmvhd mj `ujfhöj cmb nèjmrk jk ms dpbhfdgbm mj bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjm Dcihjhstrdfhkjmss `krd`krdbms y bkfdbms. Mxhstmj jkrids y dftks dcihjhstrdthvks mxfbuhcks cm bd jmfmshcdc cm adfmr chfad mvdbudfhöj.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 0 

  88

»Tuè d`hridfhöj d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd hjfbushöj, mj bks fkjtrdtks pÿgbhfks, cm frhtmrhks chrhnhcks d vdbkrdr bd hjtmnrdfhöj cm bd pmrspmfthvd cm nèjmrk mj mb prkymftk prmsmjtdck;

88d)

88f)

Bd hjfbushöj cm tdbms frhtmrhks ms fkjtrdrhd d bd jkridthvd vhnmjtm skgrm fkjtrdtdfhöj dcihjhstrdthvd. Ms ujd imchcd fkrrmftkrd cm fdräftmr nmjmrdb pdrd mbhihjdr cmshnudbcdc cmshnudbcdcms ms cmtmftdcds y prkikvmr bd hnudbcdc. Bd Bmy 3/755= jk prmvè imchcds cm mstd fbdsm.

88c)

Bd hjfbushöj cmcmtdbms frhtmrhksksöbk sm dcihtm mj fkjtrdtks fuyk kgomtk mstè rmbdfhkjdck fkjhjfbushöj bd nmsthöj prknrdids pkbéthfds cm hnudbcdc.

88g)

455

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms mstrufturds hj`kridbms ms ujd rmc cm iujhfhphks hipubsdcd pkr Midlujcm y Mucmb;

455d) 455g) 455f) 455c)

Fkihshöj fkkrchjdckr fkkrchjdckrdd cm hnudbcdc. Nrupk tèfjhfk cmpdrtdimjtdb. Wmc cm ujhcdcms cm hnudbcdc. Gmrchjsdrmd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

76

 

73

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid > 

Smid > 454

Mb fkjfmptk cm «dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd¼ adfm rm`mrmjfhd d?

454d) 454g) 454f) 454c) 457

JK  ms  ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd?

457d) 457g) 457f) 457c) 456

Bd ikcmrjhzdfhöj ikcmrjhzdfhöj cm bks mquhpks mquhpks mbmftröjhfks mj bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds. Dyucds y sugvmjfhkj sugvmjfhkjms ms pdrd bd dcquhshfhöj dcquhshfhöj cm mquhpks mbmftröjhfks pdrd bd fhucdcdjéd. fhucdcdjéd. Mb usk usk cm bds SHF SHF mj bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjm Dcihjhstrdfhkjmss Uÿgbhfds. Uÿgbhfds. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Bd rmcuffhöj cmb usk cm pdpmb. Bd msthiubdfhöj cmb dprmjchzdom cm bd fhucdcdjéd. Vmr uj dffmsk rmstrhjnhck d pmrskjds fudbh`hfdcds. Bd shipbh`hfdfhöj cm bks prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtks. tks.

Bd Bmy 68/754= cm prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk fkiÿj, fkj rmspmftk d bd dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd?

456d)

Vmpdrd y ch`mrmjfhd mb prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk fkiÿj y mb prkfmchihmjtk mbmftröjhfk.

456g) Adfm Jk adfm rm`mrmjfhd d bd dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd. 456f) rm`mrm rm`mrmjfhd jfhd db prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk dcihjhstrdthvk dcihj hstrdthvk fkiÿj, fkiÿj, pmrk jk db prkfmchihm prkfmchihmjtk jtk mbmfmbmftröjhfk. 456c) Mbhihjd bd smpdrdfhöj smpdrdfhöj rmnubdtkrhd rmnubdtkrhd mjtrm mjtrm prkfmchihmjtk prkfmchihmjtk mbmftröjhfk y prkfmchihmjtk prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk. 453

Vmnÿj Bmy 68/754= cm Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj, y bd Bmy 35/754=, cm Wènhimj Ouréchfk cmb Vmftkr Uÿgbhfk, »bd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd cmgm fkjsthtuhr bd dftudfhöj adghtudb cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds;

453d)

ßjhfdimjtm pdrd bd rmbdfhöj mjtrm bds ch`mrmjtms Dcihjhstrdfhkj Dcihjhstrdfhkjms ms y sus krndjhsiks krndjhsiks dutöjkiks. 453g) Jk, bd dftudfhöj dftudfhöj adghtudb adghtudb pdrd bds trdihtdfhkjms trdihtdfhkjms cmgm smr cm `krid prmsmjfhdb, prmsmjfhdb, mspmfhdbmspmfhdbimjtm pdrd bd rmbdfhöj r mbdfhöj fkj bks fhucdcdjks. 453f) Vé, tdjtk pdrd bd rmbdfhöj rmbdfhöj fkj bks fhucdcdjks fhucdcdjks fkik fkik pdrd bd bd rmbdfhöj cm bds DcihjhstrdfhkDcihjhstrdfhkjms mjtrm sé. 453c) Vé, ÿjhfdimjtm ÿjhfdimjtm pdrd bd rmbdfhöj fkj fkj miprmsds y prk`mshkjdbms prk`mshkjdbms y pdrd bd rmbdfhöj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjmss mjtrm sé. Dcihjhstrdfhkjm

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid > 

45=

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 68/754= cm Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj, bks dftks dcihjhstrdthvks?

45=d)

Vm prkcufhräj prkcufhräj pkr msfrhtk d trdvès cm imchks imchks mbmftröjhfks mbmftröjhfks y bks ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtkss dcihjhstrddcihjhstrdthvks sm mihthräj hnudbimjtm pkr msfrhtk d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks. 45=g) Vm prkcufhräj prkcufhräj pkr msfrhtk d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks, mbmftröjhfks, pmrk bks ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks sm mihthräj mj pdpmb, pkr fkrrmk fmrth`hfdck. 45=f) Vm prkcufhräj prkcufhräj pkr pkr msfrhtk mj mj `kridtk pdpmb y bks ckfuimjtks ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks dcihjhstrdthvks sm mihthräj hnudbimjtm mj pdpmb. 45=c)

450

Vh sm prkcufmj prk d trdvès cm imchks imchks mimchks bmftröjhfks, bks ckfuimjtks ckfuimjtks dcdcihjhstrdthvk ihjhstrdthvks sm qumprkqum sm mihtdj smcufmj prkcufhräj hnudbimjtm pkrmbmftröjhfks, mbmftröjhfks< sh mb dftkdcihjhstrdthvks cufm mj `kridtk pdpmb, bks ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks sm mihthräj hnudbimjtm mj pdpmb.

Vmnÿj bd Krcmj UWM/4161/7543, cm 1 cm kftugrm, pkr bd qum sm pugbhfd mb Dfumrck cm Fkjsmok cm Ihjhstrks, cm 48 cm smpthmigrm cm 7543, »föik sm bbdid bd pbdtd`krid fkiÿj cmb Vmftkr Uÿgbhfk Dcihjhstrdthvk Mstdtdb;

450d) VMUM. 450g) FbEvm. 450f) VNDC. 450c) H_MJUM. 45>

»Tuè ms uj fmrth`hfdck mbmftröjhfk;

45>d) 45>g)

Ms mb prkfmsk cm uthbhzdr bks cdtks cm hcmjth`hfd hcmjth`hfdfhöj fhöj cm ujd pmrskjd mj `kridtk mbmftröjhfk. Ms uj ckfuimjtk `hridck mbmftröjhfdimjtm mbmftröjhfdimjtm pkr uj prmstdckr cm cm smrvhfhks cm fmrth`hfdfhöj fmrth`hfdfhöj qum vhjfubd ujks cdtks cm vmrh`hfdfhöj cm `hrid d uj `hridjtm y fkj`hrid su hcmjthcdc. 45>f) Ms uj ckfuimjtk `hridck d idjk y msfdjmdck pkstmrhkrimjtm pdrd su uthbhzdfhöj uthbhzdfhöj tmbmtmbmiäthfd mj fudbquhmrd cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjm Dcihjhstrdfhkjmss Uÿgbhfds. 45>c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds 451

Bd `hrid mbmftröjhfd?

451d) Ms ujd rÿgrhfd msfdjmdcd, hjchvhcudb y pmrskjdb. 451g) Ms uj föchnk db`djuièrhfk dbmdtkrhk, mxpmchck dutkiäthfdimjtm pkr mb rmnhstrk mbmftrömbmftröjhfk cm ujd dcihjhstrdfhöj pdrd hcmjth`hfdr fdcd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd qum sm rmdbhzd fkj chfad dcihjhstrdfhöj. 451f) Ms uj fkjoujtk cm cdtks, cdtks, mj `krid mbmftröjhfd, mbmftröjhfd, djmoks djmoks d ktrks ktrks cdtks mbmftröjhfks k dskfhdcks `ujfhkjdbimjtm fkj mbbks, uthbhzdcks fkik imchk pdrd hcmjth`hfdr `kridbimjtm db dutkr cmb ckfuimjtk qum bd rmfknm. 451c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj hjfkrrmftds. 458

»Fuäbms skj bks trms thpks cm `hrid mbmftröjhfd;

458d) 458g) 458f) 458c) 445

Chnhtdbhzdcd, dutmjth`hfdcd y rmfkjkfhcd. Vhipbm, dvdjzdcd y rmfkjkfhcd. Vöbk mxhstmj cks thpks? rmfkjkfhcd y vmrh`hfdcd. Dutmjthfdcd, fmrth`hfdcd y vmrh`hfdcd.

Bd jkth`hfdfhöj mbmftröjhfd ms?

445d)

Bd pugbhfdfhöj pugbhfdfhöj mj mj Vmcm Vmcm Mbmftröjhfd Mbmftröjhfd cm ujd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj dcihjhstrdthvd fkj fkjsmfumjfkjsmfumjfhds ouréchfds. 445g) Mb dvhsk skgrm skgrm fudbquhmr ikch`hfdfhöj mj bd trdihtdfhöj cm uj mxpmchmjtm mxpmchmjtm pkr pdrtm cm cm ujd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd imchdjtm fkrrmk mbmftröjhfk d bks hjtmrmsdcks. 445f) Bd pugbhfdfhöj pugbhfdfhöj mj Vmcm Vmcm Mbmftröjhfd Mbmftröjhfd cm ujd ujd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj dcihjhstrdthvd shj shj fkjsmfumjfkjsmfumjfhds ouréchfds. 445c) Ms ujd ujd pbdtd`krid pbdtd`krid mbmftröjhfd mbmftröjhfd cmsthjdcd d `dfhbhtdr bd pdrthfhpdfhöj pdrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

7=

 

70

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid > 

444

Mj rmbdfhöj rmbdfhöj fkj bd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd, »què shnjh`hfdj bds shnbds «FVP¼;

444d) 444g) 444f) 444c) 447

Fkphd Vmnurd Pmrh`hfdcd. Fkphd Vmnurd Pdbhcdcd. Föchnk Vmnurk cm Pmrh`hfd Pmrh`hfdfhöj. fhöj. Föchnk Vmfujcdrhk Pdbhcdck.

»Tuè cmgm adfmr mb smnimjtk cm pkgbdfhöj qum jmfmshtd dshstmjfhd pdrd bd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd;

447d) Smjcräj qum gusfdr gusfdr uj rmprmsmjtdjtm bmndb pdrd pdrd rmdbhzdr bks träihtms mbmftröjhfks. 447g) Ukcräj prmsmjtdr prmsmjtdr bds trdihtdfhkjms trdihtdfhkjms cm `krid prmsmjfhdb, prmsmjfhdb, oujtk fkj uj fmrth`hfdck qum qum mxpbhfhtm su hjfdpdfhcdc pdrd rmdbhzdr träihtms mbmftröjhfks. 447f) Ukcräj smr dshsthcks pkr mb mb pmrskjdb pmrskjdb adghbhtdck adghbhtdck mj mj mb mb Wmnhstrk Wmnhstrk cm @ujfhkjdrhks Adghbhtdcks. 447c) Smjcräj qum rmfurrhr rmfurrhr d dbnujd dbnujd pmrskjd, pmrskjd, prm`mrhgbmimjtm prm`mrhgbmimjtm fkj fkj véjfubks véjfubks `dihbhdrms cm adstd 7.¿ nrdck, y dutkrhzdrbm pdrd rmdbhzdr bks träihtms mbmftröjhfks. 446

»Tuè ms mb rmnhstrk cm `ujfhkjdrhks adghbhtdcks;

446d) Ms mb cmpdrtdimjtk cmb Nkghmrjk Nkghmrjk Pdsfk qum qum sm mjfdrnd cm cm bks rmnhstrks mbmftröjhfks. mbmftröjhfks. 446g) Ms uj rmnhstrk qum fkjthmjm bks `ujfhkjdrhks cm fdcd dcihjhstrdfhöj, prhjfhpdbimjtm dnmjtms cm smrvhfhks cm dtmjfhöj prmsmjfhdb, qum hjhfhdräj bd trdihtdfhöj fkik rmprmsmjtdjtms cm bd fhucdcdjéd qum jk chspkjnd cm bks imchks y/k fkjkfhihmjtks su`hfhmjtms pdrd bd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd. 446f) Ms uj rmnhstrk qum qum fkjthmjm fkjthmjm bks bks `ujfhkjdrhks `ujfhkjdrhks cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk, prhjfhpdbimjtm prhjfhpdbimjtm tèfjhfks cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj nmjmrdb, qum hjhfhdräj bd trdihtdfhöj t rdihtdfhöj fkik rmprmsmjtdjtms rmprmsmjtdjtms cm bd fhucdcdjéd qum jk chspkjnd cm bks imchks y/k fkjkfhihmjtks su`hfhmjtms pdrd bd trdihtdfhöj mbmftröjhfd. 446c) Ms uj rmnhstrk qum fkjthmjm bks `ujfhkjdrhks fkj dbnujk dbnujk k tkcks bks fmrth`hfdcks cm fkipmtmjfhds chnhtdbms. 443

»Bds pmrskjds `éshfds pkcräj mbmnhr sh sm fkiujhfdj fkj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds pdrd mb momrfhfhk cm sus cmrmfaks y kgbhndfhkjms d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks k jk;

443d) Vé, mj tkck ikimjtk. 443g) Jk, bds pmrskjds pmrskjds `éshfds mstäj kgbhndcds kgbhndcds mj tkck ikimjtk ikimjtk d rmbdfhkjdrsm pkr imchks imchks mbmftröjhfks. 443f) Vé, sdbvk quhmjms momrzdj ujd dfthvhcdc dfthvhcdc prk`mshkjdb prk`mshkjdb pdrd bd qum rmquhmrd fkbmnhdfhöj kgbhndtkrhd, pdrd bks träihtms y dftudfhkjms cm chfad dfthvhcdc prk`mshkjdb, smdj pmrskjds ouréchfds, rmprmsmjtmj d uj hjtmrmsdck qum mstè kgbhndck d rmbdfhkjdrsm mbmftröjhfdimjtm k smdj mipbmdck mipbmdckss cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds. 443c) Jk, sdbvk quhmjms momrzdj ujd dfthvhcdc prk`mshkjdb pdrd bd qum rmquhmrd rmquhmrd fkbmnhdfhöj kgbhndtkrhd, pdrd bks träihtms y dftudfhkjms cm chfad dfthvhcdc prk`mshkjdb, smdj pmrskjds ouréchfds, rmprmsmjtmj d uj hjtmrmsdck qum mstè kgbhndck d rmbdfhkjdrsm mbmftröjhfdimjtm k smdj mipbmdck mipbmdckss cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds. 44=

Udrd fhmrtks fkbmfthvks cm pmrskjds `éshfds qum pkr rdzöj cm su fdpdfhcdc mfkjöihfd, tèfjhfd, cmchfdfhöj prk`mshkjdb u ktrks ikthvks qumcm dfrmchtdck qum thmjmj dffmsk y chspkjhghbhcdc cm bks imchks mbmftröjhfks jmfmsdrhks…

44=d) 44=g) 44=f) 44=c)

Bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms rmnbdimjtdrhdimjtm rmnbdimjtdrhdimjtm pkcräj mstdgbmfmr bd kgbhndfhöj kgbhndfhöj cm rmbdfhkjdrsm fkj mbbds d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks pdrd cmtmrihjdcks prkfmchihmjtks. prkfmchihmjtks. Bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms dcihjhstrdfhkjms pkcräj pkcräj mstdgbmfmr mstdgbmfmr bd kgbhndfhöj cm rmbdfhkjdrsm rmbdfhkjdrsm fkj mbbds d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks pdrd cmtmrihjdcks prkfmchihmjtks, ÿjhfdimjtm sh mstäj fkbmnhdcks. Mxhstm bd kgbhndfhöj cm rmbdfhkjdrsm rmbdfhkjdrsm mbmftröjhfdimjtm mbmftröjhfdimjtm fkj bd dcihjhstrdfhöj pdrd bks träihtms y dftudfhkjms qum rmdbhfmj fkj mbbds. Vm mxhnhrä prmsmjtdr prmsmjtdr ckfuimjtdfhöj fmrth`hfdcd qum mxpbhfhtm su hjfdpdfhcdc pdrd rmdbhzdr träihtms mbmftröjhfks, sh quhshmrdj rmdbhzdr träihtms dcihjhstrdthvks cm `krid prmsmjfhdb.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid > 

440

Bd prktmffhöj cm cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb, y mj pdrthfubdr bd smnurhcdc y fkj`hcmjfhdbhcdc cm bks cdtks qum `hnurmj mj bks `hfamrks, shstmids y dpbhfdfhkjms cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds?

440d)

Ms uj cmrmfak cmrmfak cm cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds mj sus rmbdfhkjms rmbdfhkjms cm `krid mbmftröjhfd mbmftröjhfd fkj bds bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds. 440g) Ms ujd kgbhndfhöj cm bds pmrskjds mj sus rmbdfhkjms cm `krid mbmftröjhfd fkj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds. 440f)

Ms mj sus rmbdfhkjms fkj bds pmrskjds `éshfds.uj cmrmfak cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds mj 440c) Ms uj cmrmfak cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds mj mj sus rmbdfhkjms fkj bds mjthcdcms shj pmrskjdbhcdc ouréchfd, fkj quhmjms momrzdj ujd dfthvhcdc prk`mshkjdb, fkj miprmsds y rmprmsmjtdjtms cm pmrskjds `éshfds. 44>

Bds pmrskjds mj sus rmbdfhkjms cm `krid mbmftröjhfd fkj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds thmjmj cmrmfak d mxhnhr bds rmspkjsdghbhcdcms cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds y dutkrhcdcms, fudjck dsé fkrrmspkjcd bmndbimjtm

44>d)

Vé, ms uj cmrmfak cmrmfak cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds mj sus rmbdfhkjms rmbdfhkjms cm `krid mbmftröjhfd mbmftröjhfd fkj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds. 44>g) Jk, bds pmrskjds `éshfds jk thmjmj cmrmfak d mxhnhr mxhnhr rmspkjsdghbhcdcm rmspkjsdghbhcdcms. s. 44>f) Vé, mxfmptk mxfmptk sh jmfmshtdj dshstmjfhd pkr pkr pdrtm cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj pdrd bds trdihtdfhkjms mbmftröjhfds. 44>c) Jk, msd d`hridfhöj ms `dbsd. 441

Bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds dshsthräj mj mb usk cm imchks mbmftröjhfks d bks hjtmrmsdcks, mxfmptk?

441d) 441g) 441f) 441c)

448

D bds pmrskjds ouréchfds. D bds pmrskjds `éshfds. Dshsthräj d tkcks bks hjtmrmsdcks shj mxfmpfhöj. Bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds pÿgbhfds jk thmjmj thmjmj kgbhndfhöj kgbhndfhöj cm dshsthr mj mb usk cm imchks mbmfmbmftröjhfks d bks hjtmrmsdcks.

»Cm quhèjms skj bd thtubdrhcdc cm bds smcms mbmftröjhfds;

448d)

Cm bds pmrskjds qum tmjndj tmjndj ujd ujd chrmffhöj chrmffhöj mbmftröjhfd mbmftröjhfd y smdj usudrhds usudrhds cm bd fdrpmtd fhucdcdjd. 448g) Cm ujd dcihjhstrdfhöj dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd, pÿgbhfd, k cm cm ujk k vdrhks krndjhsiks krndjhsiks pÿgbhfks pÿgbhfks k mjthcdcms cm cm Cmrmfak Uÿgbhfk mj mb momrfhfhk cm sus fkipmtmjfhds. 448f) Cmb rmspkjsdgbm cm fdcd `hrid mbmftröjhfd. 448c) Vöbk mxhstm mxhstm ujd ujd smcm mbmftröjhfd y ms thtubdrhcdc cmb Ihjhstmrhk Ihjhstmrhk cm cm Hjtmrhkr. Hjtmrhkr. 475

Fkj rmspmftk d bks shstmids cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj uthbhzdcks pkr bks hjtmrmsdcks mj mb prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk, bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds mstäj kgbhndcds d

475d)

Wmnhstrdr bd hcmjthcdc hcmjthcdc cm bks hjtmrmsdcks, adfhmjck fkjstdr su jkigrm, dpmbbhcks dpmbbhcks k cmjkihjdfhöj k rdzöj skfhdb, smnÿj fkrrmspkjcd, y mb prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk db qum dffmcmj. 475g) @dfhbhtdr uj föchnk PVW d fdcd hjtmrmsdck, hjtmrmsdck, adfhmjck adfhmjck fkjstdr fkjstdr su jkigrm, dpmbbhcks k cmjkihjdfhöj k rdzöj skfhdb, smnÿj fkrrmspkjcd< èstm smrä hjchvhcudb pkr fdcd prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk db qum sm dffmcd. 475f) Pmrh`hfd Pmrh`hfdrr bd hcmjthcdc cm bks hjtmrmsdcks hjtmrmsdcks,, imchdjtm bd fkiprkgdfhöj cm su jkigrm, dpmbbhcks k cmjkihjdfhöj k rdzöj skfhdb, smnÿj fkrrmspkjcd, qum fkjstmj mj mb Ckfuimjtk Jdfhkjdb cm Hcmjthcdc k ckfuimjtk hcmjth`hfdthvk mquhvdbmjtm. mquhvdbmjtm. 475c) Skcds bds rmspumstds skj fkrrmftds.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

7>

 

71

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid > 

474

»Tuhèj dutkrhzd bks shstmids cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj cm fbdvm fkjfmrtdcd; 474d) 474g) 474f) 474c)

477

»Tuè shstmid cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj pumcmj uthbhzdr bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds; 477d) 477g) 477f) 477c)

476

476f) 476c)

473f) 473c)

470

Vé. Jk, mb smbbk mbmftröjhfk ms uj shstmid cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj väbhck ÿjhfdimjtm ÿjhfdimjtm pdrd bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds. Vé, pmrk ÿjhfdimjtm oujtk fkj ujd `hrid mbmftröjhfd fudbh`hfdcd. Jk, mb smbbk mbmftröjhfk ms uj shstmid cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj, jk cm `hrid.

Mb drfahvk mbmftröjhfk… 473d) 473g)

47=

Mb smbbk mbmftröjhfk. Bd `hrid mbmftröjhfd. Mb föchnk FVP. Bd föchnk ]WB

»Ukcräj bks hjtmrmsdcks uthbhzdr mb shstmid cm smbbk mbmftröjhfk d m`mftks cm `hrid; 476d) 476g)

473

Mb cmpdrtdimjtk cm Vmnurhcdc Chnhtdb Chnhtdb cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Dcihjhstrdfhöj Nmjmrdb cm fdcd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. Bd Vmfrmtdréd Nmjmrdb cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Chnhtdb cmb Ihjhstmrhk cm Ukbéthfd Smrrhtkrhdb y @ujfhöj Uÿgbhfd. Mb Krndjhsik Murkpmk pdrd bd Vmnurhcdc Chnhtdb. Mstm thpk cm shstmid cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj jk mxhstm.

Umrihtm dbidfmjdr pkr imchks mbmftröjhfks dbnujks ckfuimjtks mstdjcdrhzdcks. Umrihtm dbidfmjdr ckfuimjtks mbmftröjhfks fkipbmimjtdrhks pmrk jk mquhvdbmjtms d bks drfahvks fkjvmjfhkjdbms. Umrihtm dbidfmjdr pkr imchks mbmftröjhfks tkcks bks ckfuimjtks uthbhzdcks mj bds dftudfhkjms dcihjhstrdthvds. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj hjfkrrmftds.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD , fkj rmspmftk db usk kgbhndtkrhk cm bd `hrid mbmftröjhfd pkr pdrtm cm bks hjtmrmsdcks. 47=d) 47=g) 47=f)

Ms kgbhndtkrhk pdrd `kriubdr skbhfhtucms. Ms kgbhndtkrhk pdrd hjtmrpkjmr rmfursks. Ms kgbhndtkrhk pdrd fudbquhmr dftudfhöj prmvhstd mj mb prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk.

47=c)

Ms kgbhndtkrhk pdrd cmshsthr cm dffhkjms y rmjujfhdr d cmrmfaks.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD  fkj rmspmftk d bks ckfuimjtks mbmftröjhfks. 470d) 470g) 470f) 470c)

Cmgmj fkjtmjmr hj`kridfhöj cm fudbquhmr jdturdbmzd drfahvdcd mj skpkrtm mbmftröjhfk smnÿj uj `kridtk cmtmrihjdck susfmpthgbm cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj y trdtdihmjtk ch`mrmjfhdck. Cmgmj chspkjmr cm bks cdtks cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj qum pmrihtdj su hjchvhcudbhzdfhöj, shj pmrouhfhk cm su pkshgbm hjfkrpkrdfhöj d uj mxpmchmjtm mbmftröjhfk. Cmgmj hjfkrpkrdr ujd rm`mrmjfhd tmipkrdb cmb ikimjtk mj qum adj shck mihthcks y cmb ikimjtk adstd mb qum skj väbhcks msks ckfuimjtks. Cmgmj hjfkrpkrdr bks imtdcdtks iéjhiks mxhnhcks.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 1 

Smid 1 47>

Vmnÿj mb Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd?

47>d) Vm rmfkjkfm rmfkjkfm mb cmrmfak d usdr mb muslmrd muslmrd y mb fdstmbbdjk, shmjck bds cks bmjnuds k`hfhdbms. 47>g) Vm rmfkjk rmfkjkfm fm mb cmrmfak cmrmfak d usdr mb muslmrd muslmrd y mb mb fdstmbbdjk, dujqum skbdimjtm mb mb fdstmbbdjk smrä k`hfhdb mj tkck mb tmrrhtkrhk. 47>f) Vm ndrdjthzdrä mb usk cmb muslmrd muslmrd y cmb cmb fdstmbbdjk, dujqum skbdimjtm mb muslmrd muslmrd smrä k`hfhdb mj tkck mb tmrrhtkrhk. 47>c) Vm ndrdjthzdrä mb usk cmb muslmrd muslmrd y cmb fdstmbbdjk, y smräj k`hfhdbms k jk smnÿj bd bd thpkbknéd cmb iujhfhphk. 471

Cm fkj`krihcdc d bd Bmy 45/4817, cm 73 cm jkvhmigrm, Gäshfd cm Jkridbhzdfhöj cmb ]sk cmb Muslmrd?

471d)

Vm rmfkjkfm rmfkjkfm d tkcd bd fhucdcdjéd, fhucdcdjéd, mb cmrmfak cmrmfak d usdr y d smr dtmjchcks dtmjchcks mj mj bd bmjnud bmjnud k`hfhdb qum mbhodj. 471g) Vm rmfkjkfm d tkcd bd fhucdcdjéd, mb cmrmfak d usdr y d smr dtmjchcks mj bd bmjnud k`hfhdb qum prmckihjm mj mb äightk cm dftudfhöj cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd d bd qum sm chrhodj. 471f) Vm rmfkjkfm rmfkjkfm d tkcd tkcd bd fhucdcdjéd, fhucdcdjéd, mb cmrmfak d usdr y d smr dtmjchcks dtmjchcks cm cm `krid ghbhjnòm, ghbhjnòm, tdjtk mj muslmrd fkik mj fdstmbbdjk. 471c) Jhjnujd cm bds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 478

Cm fkj`krihcdc d bd Bmy 45/4817, cm 73 cm jkvhmigrm, Gäshfd cm Jkridbhzdfhöj cmb ]sk cmb Muslmrd?

478d)

Skcd chspkshfhöj chspkshfhöj jkridthvd k rmskbufhöj k`hfhdb qum midjm cm cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks shtks mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk cmgm mstdr prm`mrmjtmimjtm rmcdftdcd mj `krid ghbhjnòm d m`mftks cm pugbhfhcdc k`hfhdb. 478g) Bds jkth`hfdfhkjms, jkth`hfdfhkjms, fkiujhfdfhkj fkiujhfdfhkjms ms dcihjhstrdthvds dcihjhstrdthvds m hiprmsks k ikcmbks ikcmbks k`hfhdbms k`hfhdbms qum qum adydj cm uthbhzdrsm pkr bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk cmgmj tmjmr trdtdihmjtk ghbhjnòm, sdbvk qum bks hjtmrmsdcks prhvdcks mbhodj mxprmsdimjtm bd uthbhzdfhöj cm ujd cm bds cks bmjnuds k`hfhdbms. 478f) Bds jkth`hfdfhkjms, jkth`hfdfhkjms, fkiujhfdfhkj fkiujhfdfhkjms ms dcihjhstrdthvds dcihjhstrdthvds m hiprmsks k ikcmbks ikcmbks k`hfhdbms k`hfhdbms qum qum adydj cm uthbhzdrsm pkr bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk cmgmj tmjmr tmjmr trdtdihmjtk ghbhjnòm ghbhjnòm shmiprm. shmiprm. 478c) Jhjnujd cm bds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

78

 

65

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 1 

465

Mb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd y mb fdstmbbdjk ms?

465d) Urmfmpthvk shmiprm. 465g) Urmfmpthvk mj dqumbbds dqumbbds pbdzds mj mj bds qum dsé sm cmtmrihjm. 465f) Mj dqumbbds dqumbbds pbdzds mj mj bds qum qum jk smd prmfmpthvk, prmfmpthvk, mj bds bds prumgds smbmfthvds qum qum sm rmdrmdbhfmj pdrd su dffmsk, sm fkjshcmrdrä fkik imrhtk mb jhvmb cm fkjkfhihmjtk cm bds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms. 465c) Bds rmspumstds g) y f) skj fkrrmftds. 464

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd @ujfhöj Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd, mjtrm bds shtudfhkjms mj bds qum mb thtubdr cm uj pumstk cm trdgdok pumcm qumcdr mxmjtk cmb fuipbhihmjtk cmb pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk mjfkjtrdiks bd shnuhmjtm?

464d)

Fudjck mb mb thtubdr supmrd supmrd bd mcdc cm 35 dôks dôks db fkihmjzk fkihmjzk cm fdcd Umrhkck cm Ubdjh`hfdfhöj, shmiprm qum mb thtubdr sm iumstrm fkj`krim. 464g) Fudjck mb mb jhvmb cm cm mstuchks rmdbhzdcks pkr pkr mb thtubdr jk jk dbfdjfm mb cm @kridfhöj @kridfhöj Urk`mUrk`mshkjdb cm nrdck supmrhkr. 464f) Fudjck sm mjfumjtrm mjfumjtrm d`mftdck d`mftdck pkr ihjusvdbéds `éshfds k pséquhfds qum qum hipkshghbhtmj hipkshghbhtmj k ch`hfubtmj mb dprmjchzdom cmb muslmrd imchdjtm bks prknrdids dftudbimjtm vhnmjtms cm `kridfhöj y fdpdfhtdfhöj bhjnòésthfd cm dcubtks. 464c) Mb pmr`hb bhjnòésth bhjnòésthfk fk shmiprm ms cm kgbhndck fuipbhihmjt fuipbhihmjtk. k. 467

Mb pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk ms?

467d)

Bk qum cmtmrihjd mb fkjoujtk cm bks jhvmbms cm fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd mj muslmrd jmfmsdrhks pdrd bd prkvhshöj cmb pumstk cm trdgdok. 467g) Bk qum cmtmrihjd mb fkjoujtk cm bks jhvmbms cm fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd mj muslmrd jmfmsdrhks pdrd mb cmsmipmôk cmb pumstk cm trdgdok. 467f) Bk qum cmtmrihjd mb fkjoujtk cm bks jhvmbms cm fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd mj muslmrd jmfmsdrhks pdrd bd prkvhshöj y cmsmipmôk cmb pumstk cm trdgdok. 467c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd. 466

D pdrthr cm bd `mfad cm prmfmpthvhcdc dshnjdcd cm uj pumstk cm trdgdok?

466d)

Mb fuipbhihmjtk fuipbhihmjtk cmb cmb pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk sm fkjsthtuym fkik mxhnmjfhd mxhnmjfhd kgbhndtkrhd kgbhndtkrhd pdrd mb dffmsk y cmsmipmôk cmb fkrrmspkjchmjtm pumstk. 466g) Vm pkcrä pkcrä vdbkrdr fkik ièrhtk ièrhtk mj bd prkvhshöj prkvhshöj cm uj pumstk pumstk cm cm trdgdok. trdgdok. 466f) Vm pkcrä pkcrä vdbkrdr fkik ièrhtk ièrhtk mj bd smbmffhöj smbmffhöj mxtmrjd mxtmrjd cm uj pumstk pumstk cm cm trdgdok. trdgdok. 466c) Jhjnujd rmspumstd ms fkrrmftd. 463

»Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm @ujfhöj Uÿgbhfd quhèj ms quhmj cmtmrihjd bks pmr`hbms bhjnòésthfks, dsé fkik bks frhtmrhks pdrd su dpbhfdfhöj d bks chsthjtks pumstks cm trdgdok;

463d) Phfmfkjsmomréd cm pkbéthfd bhjnòésthfd. 463g) ADGM. 463f) Nkghmrjk Pdsfk, d prkpumstd prkpumstd cm bd Phfmfkjsmomréd Phfmfkjsmomréd cm Ukbéthfd Bhjnòésthfd. 463c) Nkghmrjk Pdsfk, d prkpumstd cm ADGM. 46=

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd, ms uj `hj cm bd msfumbd pÿgbhfd vdsfd?

46=d)

Mb ndrdjthzdr d tkcks bks dbuijks, dbuijks, mj hnudbcdc cm fkjchfhkjms, fkjchfhkjms, mb mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk präfthfk cm digds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms db dfdgdr mb pmrhkck cm mjsmôdjzd kgbhndtkrhd. 46=g) Mb ndrdjthzdr d bks dbuijks dbuijks cmb ikcmbk ikcmbk C, C, mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk präfthfk präfthfk cm digds bmjnuds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms db dfdgdr mb pmrhkck cm mjsmôdjzd kgbhndtkrhd. 46=f) Mb ndrdjthzdr d bks dbuijks dbuijks cmb ikcmbk ikcmbk C, C, mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk präfthfk präfthfk cm digds bmjnuds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms db dfdgdr mb pmrhkck cm mjsmôdjzd smfujcdrhd. 46=c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 1 

460

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd, bks ikcmbks bhjnòésthfks cm dpbhfdfhöj mj tkck mb shstmid cm mjsmôdjzd, pÿgbhfk y prhvdck, skj?

460d) 460g) 460f) 460c) 46>

Ikcmbk 4, 7, y 6. Ikcmbk D, G, F y C. Ikcmbk D, G y C. Ikcmbk D y G mj bd mjsmôdjzd fkjfmrtdcd, y Ikcmbk G y C mj bd mjsmôdjzd pÿgbhfd.

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd, mb Ikcmbk Ikcmbk bhjnòésthfk G fkrrmspkjcm fkrrmspkjcm d qum?

46>d)

Mb furréfubk furréfubk sm hipdrthrä gäshfdimjtm gäshfdimjtm mj fdstmbbdjk, fdstmbbdjk, puchèjck puchèjcksm sm hipdrthr hipdrthr mj muslmrd dbnujds dfthvhcdcms k tmids cmb ihsik. 46>g) Mb furréfubk sm hipdrthrä mj muslmrd y fdstmbbdjk. 46>f) Mb furréfubk sm hipdrthrä mj muslmrd. 46>c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 461

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd, mj bks trms ikcmbks bhjnòésthfks, sm hipdrthräj mj sus rmspmfthvks hchkids?

461d) 461g) 461f) 461c) 468

Vmnÿj mb Cmfrmtk 3>/4886, pkr mb qum sm mstdgbmfmj frhtmrhks pdrd bd cmtmrihjdfhöj cm bks pmr`hbms bhjnòésthfks y bds `mfads cm prmfmpthvhcdc mj bks pumstks cm trdgdok, bks pmr`hbms bhjnòésthfks cm dpbhfdfhöj d bks pumstks cm trdgdok ckfmjtms skj?

468d) 468g) 468f) 468c) 435

Bd bmjnud y bhtmrdturd fdstmbbdjd. Bd bmjnud y bhtmrdturd vdsfd. Bd bmjnuds ikcmrjds. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Umr`hb bhjnòésthfk 4 y 7. Umr`hb bhjnòésthfk 4, 7, 6 y 3. Umr`hb bhjnòésthfk D4, D7, G4, G7, F4 y F7. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj fkrrmftd. Mj bks pumstks cm trdgdok ckfmjtms, bks pmr`hbms bhjnòésthfks sm dpbhfdräj cm bd shnuhmjtm idjmrd?

435d)

Mb Umr`hb Bhjnòésthfk 4 sm dpbhfdrä d bks pumstks pumstks cm trdgdok ckfmjtms ckfmjtms qum qum smdj kfupdcks pkr ckfmjtms qum jk hipdrtdj mjsmôdjzds cm muslmrd jh mj muslmrd, jk shmjck pkr bk tdjtk jmfmsdrhk ndrdjthzdr jhjnujd fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd. 435g) Mb Umr`hb Bhjnòésthfk Bhjnòésthfk 7 sm dpbhfdrä d bks pumstks pumstks cm trdgdok trdgdok ckfmjtms ckfmjtms qum smdj smdj kfupdcks kfupdcks pkr ckfmjtms qum hipdrtdj mjsmôdjzd mj muslmrd, ndrdjthzdjck bd fkipmtmjfh fkipmtmjfhdd bhjnòésthfd qum sm jmfmshtd pdrd uthbhzdr mb muslmrd ÿjhfdimjtm fkik bmjnud cm rmbdfhöj. 435f) Mb Umr`hb Bhjnòésthfk 7 sm dpbhfdrä d bks pumstks pumstks cm trdgdok ckfmjtms ckfmjtms qum qum smdj kfupdcks pkr ckfmjtms qum hipdrtdj mjsmôdjzd cm muslmrd k mj muslmrd, ndrdjthzdjck bd fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd qum sm jmfmshtd pdrd uthbhzdr mb muslmrd tdjtk fkik bmjnud cm rmbdfhöj fkik cm mjsmôdjzd. 435c) Mb Umr`hb Bhjnòésthfk Bhjnòésthfk 6 sm dpbhfdrä d bks pumstks pumstks cm trdgdok trdgdok ckfmjtms ckfmjtms qum smdj smdj kfupdcks kfupdcks pkr ckfmjtms qum hipdrtdj mjsmôdjzd cm muslmrd, ndrdjthzdjck ujd dbtd fkipmtmjfhd bhjnòésthfd.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

64

 

67

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 1 

434

Mj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds rdchfdcds mj bd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cm Musldch, fdcd pumstk cm trdgdok cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj, thmjm dcouchfdck su fkrrmspkjchmjtm pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk, pmrk?

434d)

Mj dbnujks dbnujks fdsks bd dfrmchtdfhöj cmb pmr`hb pmr`hb pdrd mb dffmsk db pumstk cm trdgdok rmsubtd kgbhndtkrhd, y mj ktrks jk. 434g) Fudjck bd dfrmchtdfhöj cmb cmb pmr`hb jk rmsubtd kgbhndtkrhd, mb mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd ms vdbkrdck fkik ièrhtk mj bks prkfmsks cm smbmffhöj y prkvhshöj cm pumstks. 434f) Mb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd muslmrd smrä vdbkrdck vdbkrdck fkik fkik ièrhtk mj tkcks tkcks bks prkfmsks cm cm smbmffhöj. 434c) Sdjtk bd rmspumstd rmspumstd d) fkik bd rmspumstd rmspumstd g) skj fkrrmftds. 437

Fudjck bd dfrmchtdfhöj cmb pmr`hb jk rmsubtd kgbhndtkrhd, mb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd ms vdbkrdck fkik ièrhtk mj bks prkfmsks cm smbmffhöj y prkvhshöj cm pumstks, shj qum mb pkrfmjtdom qum rmprmsmjtm pumcd smr jh hj`mrhkr jh supmrhkr mj jhjnÿj fdsk d bks shnuhmjtms pkrfmjtdoms cm bd pujtudfhöj iäxhid dbfdjzdgbm mj mb rmstk cmb prkfmsk smbmfthvk?

437d) 437g) 437f) 437c) 436

Umr`hbms 4 y 7? =% db 45%. Umr`hbms 6 y 3? cmb 45% db 77%. Umr`hbms 6 y 3? cmb 44% db 75%. Bds rmspumstds d) y f) skj fkrrmftds.

Fudjck mb pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk ms kgbhndtkrhk, y jk uj shipbm ièrhtk, sm chfm qum mb pmr`hb ms prmfmpthvk, cm bd fudb? ms cmfhr, qum thmjm dshnjdcd ujd cmtmrihjdcd `mfad cm prmfmpthvhcdc d pdrthr

436d)) 436d

Ukcrä vdbkrdrsm fkik ièrhtk mb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb cmb muslmrd pdrd mb cmsmipmôk cmb pumstk cm trdgdok. 436g) Ms kgbhndtkrhk kgbhndtkrhk dfrmchtdr mb mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd pdrd pdrd mb cmsmipmôk cmsmipmôk cmb pumstk pumstk cm trdgdok. 436f) Jk pkcrä vdbkrdrsm mb fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd pdrd mb cmsmipmôk cmb pumstk cm trdgdok. 436c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 433

Mb éjchfm cm kgbhndck fuipbhihmjtk …

433d)

Fudjtk idykr idykr smd, idykr smrä mb jÿimrk jÿimrk cm pumstks mj mj bks qum qum mb fkjkfhihmjtk fkjkfhihmjtk cmb muslmrd smd kgbhndtkrhk. 433g) Vmrä idykr fudjtks iäs vdsfk-adgbdjtms adyd. 433f)

Cmtmrihjd mb pkrfmjtdo pkrfmjtdomm cm pumstks cm trdgdok qum thmjmj qum tmjmr dshnjdck uj pmr`hb bhjnòésthfk prmfmpthvk rmspmftk db tktdb cm pumstks cm ujd cmtmrihjdcd dcihjhstrdfhöj. dcihjhstrdfhöj. 433c) Skcds bds rmpumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 8 

Smid 8 43=

Bd Bmy cmb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk?

43=d)

Mstdgbmf m ujd rmnubdfhöj cm bks mbmimjtks fkiujms dpbhfdgbm Mstdgbmfm dpbhfdgbmss db fkjoujtk cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks y db pmrskjdb bdgkrdb. 43=g) Mstdgbmfm ujd ujd rmnubdfhöj rmnubdfhöj cm bks mbmimjtks mbmimjtks dpbhfdgbms dpbhfdgbms db fkjoujtk cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks ÿjhfdimjtm. 43=f) Jk ad su`rhck jhjnujd ikch`hfd ikch`hfdfhöj fhöj cmscm qum sm dprkgö mj mb dôk 755>. 43=c) Cm`hjm db mipbmdck pÿgbhfk fkik db fkjoujtk cm pmrskjds qum prmstdj sus smrvhfh smrvhfhks ks mj mb smjk cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds fkj vhjfubdfhöj cm fdräftmr dcihjhstrdthvk fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 430

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk fbdsh`hfd d bks mipbmdcks mipbmdcks pÿgbhfks mj?

430d) @ujfhkjdrhks, pmrskjdb bdgkrdb y dbtks fdrnks. 430g) @ujfhkjdrhks, pmrskjdb bdgkrdb y pmrskjdb mvmjtudb. 430f) @ujfhkjdrhks cm fdrrmrd, fdrrmrd, `ujfhkjdrhks `ujfhkjdrhks hjtmrhjks, hjtmrhjks, pmrskjdb pmrskjdb bdgkrdb bdgkrdb `hok y pmrskjdb pmrskjdb bdgkrdb tmipkrdb. 430c) @ujfhkjdrhks, pmrskjdb bdgkrdb `hok, pmrskjdb pmrskjdb mvmjtudb y dbtks fdrnks. 43>

Mj mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk qumcd mxprmsdimjtm prkahghcd bd vdbkrdfhöj fkik ièrhtk pdrd mb dffmsk db mipbmk pÿgbhfk, k pdrd bd prkikfhöj hjtmrjd, cmb thmipk cm pmridjmjfhd y bks smrvhfhks prmstdcks fkik…

43>d) 43>g) 43>f) 43>c) 431

Umrskjdb mvmjtudb. @ujfhkjdrhk hjtmrhjk. Umrskjdb bdgkrdb hjcm`hjhck hjcm`hjhck.. Umrskjdb bdgkrdb tmipkrdb.

D bd fdrrmrd prk`mshkjdb qum fkjshstm mj bd prknrmshöj cm nrdck, fdtmnkréd, msfdböj u ktrks fkjfmptks djäbknks, shj jmfmshcdc cm fdighdr cm pumstk cm trdgdok, sm bm cmjkihjd?

431d) 431g) 431f) 431c)

Urkikfhöj hjtmrjd vmrthfdb. Urkikfhöj hjtmrjd akrhzkjtdb. Fdrrmrd vmrthfdb. Fdrrmrd akrhzkjtdb.

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

66

 

63

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 8 

438

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk mstdgbmfm qum bks `ujfhkjdrhks qum pdrthfhpmj mj uj prkfmsk cm prkikfhöj hjtmrjd, dcmiäs cm bks rmquhshtks mxhnhcks pdrd mb hjnrmsk y supmrdr bds fkrrmspkjchmjtms prumgds smbmfthvds, cmgmräj…

438d) 438g) 438f) 438c) 4=5

Dfrmchtdr cks cks dôks cm djthnòmcdc djthnòmcdc mj mb mb hj`mrhkr hj`mrhkr Vugnrupk Vugnrupk k Nrupk cm cm thtubdfhöj. thtubdfhöj. Dfrmchtdr cks dôks cm djthnòmcdc mj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. Dcihjhstrdfhöj. Dfrmchtdr fhjfk fhjfk dôks dôks cm djthnòmcdc mj mb hj`mrhkr Vugnrupk k Nrupk Nrupk cm thtubdfhöj. Dfrmchtdr fhjfk dôks cm djthnòmcdc mj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj.

Mj rmbdfhöj d bks `ujfhkjdrhks hjtmrhjks, smôdbm bd d`hridfhöj @DBVD.

4=5d) Mstäj skimthcks db cmrmfak dcihjhstrdthvk. 4=5g) Vu vhjfubdfhöj vhjfubdfhöj fkj fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Dcihjhstrdfhöj ms cm fdräftmr mstrhftdimjtm mstrhftdimjtm tmipkrdb tmipkrdb k prkvhshkjdb. 4=5f) Vkj dqumbbks dqumbbks qum adj susfrhtk susfrhtk uj fkjtrdtk bdgkrdb bdgkrdb trds supmrdr uj uj prkfmsk prkfmsk smbmfthvk. smbmfthvk. 4=5c) 4= 5c) Momrfmj cm `krid tmipkrdb bds `ujfhkjms qum fkrrmspkjcmj bks `ujfhkjdrhks cm fdrrmrd. fdrrm rd. 4=4

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk mstdgbmfm ujd rmbdfhöj cm prhjfhphks qum cmgmj rmspmtdr bks `ujfhkjdrhks pÿgbhfks, mjtrm bks qum sm mjfumjtrd?

4=4d) Urhjfhphk cm fdpdfhcdc. 4=4g) Urkikfhöj cmb mjtkrjk fubturdb y imchkdighm imchkdighmjtdb. jtdb. 4=4f) Urkikfhöj cmb cmpkrtm y bd vhcd sdbucdgbm. 4=4c) Urhjfhphk cm ièrhtk. 4=7

Bd bmy cm bd @ujfhöj Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd Pdsfd mstdgbmfm qum bds rmtrhgufhkjms cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds vdsfds sm chvhcmj mj?

4=7d) 4=7g) 4=7f) 4=7c) 4=6

Adgbdjck cm rmtrhgufhkjms cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks, mb sumbck…

4=6d) 4=6g) 4=6f) 4=6c) 4=3

Gäshfds y fkipbmimj fkipbmimjtdrhds. tdrhds. Vumbcks, trhmjhks y pdnds mxtrdkrchjdrhds. Vumbcks y nrdth`hfdfhkjms. Vumbcks y rmtrhgufhkjms dchfhkjdbms.

Mstä rmbdfhkjdck fkj bd ch`hfubtdc tèfjhfd cmb pumstk. Mstä rmbdfhkjdck fkj bd rmspkjsdghbhc rmspkjsdghbhcdc dc cmb pumstk. Mstä rmbdfhkjdck fkj bd prkcufthvhcdc mj mb pumstk Mstä rmbdfhkjdck rmbdfhkjdck fkj mb nrupk nrupk cm thtubdfhöj cmb pumstk.

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk mstdgbmfm ujd smrhm cm prhjfhphks d bks qum cmgm skimtmrsm db rènhimj sdjfhkjdckr cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks. Mjtrm mbbks mstä mb?

4=3d) Urhjfhphk cm hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc cm bds chspkshfhkj chspkshfhkjms ms sdjfhkjdckrds. 4=3g) Urhjfhphk cm hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc cm bds chspkshfhkjms chspkshfhkjms sdjfhkjdckrds, mxfmptk fudjck dsé bk chspkjnd bd dutkrhcdc fkipmtmjtm fkipmtmjtm.. 4=3f) Urhjfhphk cm hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc hrrmtrkdfthvhcdc cm bds chspkshfhkjms chspkshfhkjms sdjfhkjdckrds jk `dvkrdgbms `dvkrdgbms y cm rmtrkdfththvh trkdf vhcdc cdc cm bds qum rmsubtmj `dvkrdgbms db prmsujtk hj`rdftkr. 4=3c) Urhjfhphk cm cm rmtrkdfthvhcdc cm bds chspkshfhkjm chspkshfhkjmss sdjfhkjdckrds, sdjfhkjdckrds, smdj k jk `dvkrdgbms db prmsujtk hj`rdftkr. 4==

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk fbdsh`hfd bds hj`rdffhkjms cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks mj?

4==d)

Bmvms, nrdvms y iuy nrdvms.

4==g) @dbtds Bmvms y cmbhtks. nrdvms. 4==f) 4==c) @dbtds, hj`rdffhkjms bmvms m hj`rdffhkjms nrdvms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 8 

4=0

Mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk cm`hjm d bks mipbmdcks mipbmdcks pÿgbhfks fkik…

4=0d)

Dqumbbds pmrskjds qum, mj vhrtuc cm jkigrdihmjtk bmndb, mstäj vhjfubdcds d ujd dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd pkr ujd rmbdfhöj mstdtutdrhd rmnubdcd pkr mb cmrmfak dcihjhstrdthvk pdrd mb cmsmipmôk cm smrvhfhks prk`mshkjdbms rmtrhguhcks cm fdräftmr pmridjmjtm. 4=0g) Dqumbbds pmrskjds pmrskjds qum qum cmsmipmôdj cmsmipmôdj `ujfhkjms rmtrhguhcds mj bds dcihjhstrdfhkjm dcihjhstrdfhkjmss pÿgbhfds, db smrvhfhk cm bks hjtmrmsms nmjmrdbms. 4=0f) Dqumbbds mbds j vhrtuc cm fkjtrdtk fkjtrdtk pÿgbhfds. cm trdgdok `kridbhzdck `kridbhzdck pkr pkr msfrhtk, prmstdj smrvhfhks pmrskjds rmtrhguhcksqum, pkr mj dcihjhstrdfhkjms 4=0c) Dqumbbds pmrskjds qum, qum, trds supmrdr uj uj prkfmsk smbmfthvk, prmstdj prmstdj sus smrvhfhks rmtrhguhcks mj fudbquhmr dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd. 4=>

»Fuäb cm mstks JK  ms   ms uj cmrmfak rmfkjkfhck d bks mipbmdcks pÿgbhfks mj mb Mstdtutk Gäshfk cmb Mipbmdck Uÿgbhfk;

4=>d) 4=>g) 4=>f) 4=>c) 4=1

D bd hjdikvhbhcd hjdikvhbhcdcc mj bd fkjchfhöj cm mipbmdck pÿgbhfk. D pmrfhghr pmrfhghr bds rmtrhgufhkjms y bds hjcmijhzdfhk hjcmijhzdfhkjms jms pkr pkr rdzöj cmb smrvhfhk. smrvhfhk. D bd `kridfhöj fkjthjud. Db rmspmtk cm su hjthihcdc.

Mb örndjk mjfdrndck cm bd jmnkfhdfhöj fkbmfthvd cm bds fkjchfhkjms cm trdgdok cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks pÿgbhfks, fkj`kridck pkr rmprmsmjtdjtms cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd y cm bds krndjhzdfhkjms shjchfdbms sm bbdid?

4=1d) 4=1g) 4=1f) 4=1c) 4=8

Imsd cm jmnkfhdfhöj. Fkihshöj pdrhtdrhd. Oujtd ihxtd cm jmnkfhdfhöj jmnkfhdfhöj.. Fkihtè cm rmbdfhkjms bdgkrdbms.

Bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds, pkcräj fkjfmrtdr dfumrcks fkj bd rmprmsmjtdfhöj cm bds krndjhzdfhkjms shjchfdbms pdrd bd cmtmrihjdfhöj cm bds fkjchfhkjms cm trdgdok cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks cm chfads dcihjhstrdfhkjms…

4=8d)

Umrk pdrd qum tmjndj tmjndj m`hfdfhd, cmgmräj smr rdth`hfdcks mj vktdfhöj pkr mb fkbmfthvk fkbmfthvk cm `ujfhkjdrhks hipbhfdck. 4=8g) Umrk pdrd qum tmjndj tmjndj m`hfdfhd, m`hfdfhd, cmgmräj smr rdth`hfdcks pkr mb örndjk fkipmtmjtm fkipmtmjtm cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj y pugbhfdcks mj mb Gkbmtéj K`hfhdb fkrrmspkjchmjtm. 4=8f) Umrk pdrd qum tmjndj tmjndj m`hfdfhd, cmgmräj smr rdth`hfdcks mj vktdfhöj pkr mb fkbmfthvk fkbmfthvk cm `ujfhkjdrhks hipbhfdck y pugbhfdcks mj mb Gkbmtéj K`hfhdb fkrrmspkjchmjtm. 4=8c) Umrk pdrd qum tmjndj tmjndj m`hfdfhd, cmgmräj smr rdth`hfdcks mj vktdfhöj pkr mb fkbmfthvk fkbmfthvk cm `ujfhkjdrhks hipbhfdck y rdth`hfdcks pkr mb örndjk fkipmtmjtm cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 405

Bd rmtrhgufhöj cm bks `ujfhkjdrhks fkrrmspkjchmjtm db jhvmb cmb pumstk qum sm cmsmipmôd sm cmjkihjd?

405d) 405g) 405f) 405c)

Vumbck. Fkipbmimjtk cm cmsthjk. Fkipbmimjtk mspmfé`hf mspmfé`hfk. k. Fkipbmimjtk cm prkcufthvh prkcufthvhcdc. cdc.

6=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

60

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 45 

Smid 45 404

Bd prktmffhöj cm cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb ms?

404d) 404g) 404f) 404c) 407

Mb cmrmfak d bd prktmffhöj cm cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb pmrskjdb sm dpbhfd d?

407d) 407g) 407f) 407c) 406

]j cmrmfak gäshfk. ]j cmrmfak trdjsvmrsdb. ]j cmrmfak `ujcdimjtdb `ujcdimjtdb.. ]j cmrmfak cm smnujcd nmjmrdfhöj.

Bds pmrskjds `éshfds. Bds pmrskjds `éshfds y ouréchfds. Bds pmrskjds `éshfds, ouréchfds y d bks `dbbmfhcks. Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds `éshfds, ouréchfds, ouréchfds, `dbbmfhcks `dbbmfhcks y d bds hjsthtufhkjms hjsthtufhkjms pÿgbhfds.

Cmfhiks qum ady trdtdihmjtk cm cdtks fudjck...

406d) 406g)

Adyd ujd ch`ushöj cm chfaks cdtks. Vm dbidfmjmj chfaks cdtks.

406f) Vm suprhidj chfaks cdtks. 406c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 403

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms fdtmnkréds cm cdtks pmrskjdbms JK  ms  ms ujd cm bds cmjkihjdcds cm fdtmnkréd mspmfhdb;

403d) 403g) 403f) 403c) 40=

Bks rm`mrmjtms db krhnmj ètjhfk. Bks rm`mrmjtms db fmrth`hfdck cm pmjdbms. Bks rm`mrmjtms d bks cdtks ghkiètrhfks. Bks rm`mrmjtms d bds fkjvhffhkjm fkjvhffhkjmss `hbksö`hfds.

Bd pmrskjd `éshfd k ouréchfd, cm jdturdbmzd pÿgbhfd k prhvdcd, u örndjk dcihjhstrdthvk, qum cmfhcd skgrm bd `hjdbhcdc y imchks cmb trdtdihmjtk, ms mb?

40=d) 40=g) 40=f) 40=c)

Mjfdrndck cmb trdtdihmjtk. Hjtmrmsdck. Wmspkjsdgbm cmb trdtdihmjtk. Furdckr cmb trdtdihmjtk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 45 

400

Vmôdbm fuäb sm fkjshcmrd uj cdtk pmrtmjmfhmjtm d ujd fdtmnkréd mspmfhdb cm cdtks pmrskjdbms.

400d) 400g) 400f) 400c)

Mb jÿimrk cm tmbè`kjk. Bd d`hbhdfhöj pkbéthfd. Bd aumbbd cdfthbdr. Bd chrmffhöj cmb ckihfhbhk.

6>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

61

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 44

Smid 44 40>

»Tuè d`hridfhöj d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd Bmy 64/488=, cm Urmvmjfhöj cm Whmsnks Bdgkrdbms; Bdgkrdbms;

40>d)

Shmjm fkik kgomtk, kgomtk, mjtrm mjtrm ktrks, ndrdjthzdr bd `kridfhöj cm bks y bds trdgdodckrds trdgdodckrds mj idtmrhd prmvmjthvd. 40>g) Ms ujd jkrid jkrid cm fdräftmr nmjmrdb nmjmrdb shj rm`mrmjfhd rm`mrmjfhd d fumsthkjms fumsthkjms mspmfé`hfds mspmfé`hfds fkik bd prktmffhöj cm bd idtmrjhcdc. 40>f) Cmrknd bks fkiprkihsks fkjtrdécks fkj fkj bd Krndjhzdfhöj Hjtmrjdfhkjdb cmb Srdgdok mj mstd idtmrhd. 40>c) Ms ujd jkrid supbmtkrhd supbmtkrhd qum qum söbk sm dpbhfd mj dusmjfhd dusmjfhd cm jkrids dutkjöihfds. dutkjöihfds. 401

»Mj fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms fdsks ms dpbhfdgbm bd Bmy 64/488=, cm Urmvmjfhöj cm Whmsnks Bdgkrdbms;

401d) Wmbdfhkjms bdgkrdbms cm fdräftmr mspmfhdb mspmfhdb cmb smrvhfhk cmb akndr `dihbhdr. 401g) Wmbdfhkjms bdgkrdbms cm fdräftmr dcihjhstrdthvk k mstdtutdrhk cmb pmrskjdb pmrskjdb db smrvhfhk cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds. 401f) Vmrvhfhks kpmrdthvks cm prktmffhöj prktmffhöj fhvhb, hjfbuhcks hjfbuhcks bks bks fdsks cm nrdvm nrdvm rhmsnk, rhmsnk, fdtästrk`m y fdbdihcdc pÿgbhfd. 401c) Mj mb äightk cm bds `ujfhkjms pÿgbhfds cm pkbhféd, pkbhféd, mj tkcds sus sus dfthvhcdcms. dfthvhcdcms. 408

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Mj rmbdfhöj d què fkbmfthvk cm trdgdodckrms y trdgdodckrds prmvè dckptdr imchcds pdrthfubdrms bd Bmy 64/488=;

408d) 408g) 408f) 408c) 4>5

Mj rmbdfhöj d `ujfhkjdrhks y `ujfhkjdrhds. Mj rmbdfhöj db pmrskjdb bdgkrdb tmipkrdb. Mj rmbdfhöj d bks fumrpks pkbhfhdbms. Mj rmbdfhöj d bd jhôds y jhôks.

»Tuè fkjtmjhck mjfkjtrdiks mj bd Bmy 64/488=, cm Urmvmjfhöj cm Whmsnks Bdgkrdbms;

4>5d)

Cmrmfaks cmb pmrskjdb pmrskjdb trdgdodckr trdgdodckr pdrd pdrd ndrdjthzdrbm prktmffhöj m`hfdz `rmjtm `rmjtm d bks rhmsnks rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. 4>5g) Urktmffhöj cm bd fkj`hcmjfhdbhc fkj`hcmjfhdbhcdc dc mj dfthvhcdcms rmbdfhkjdcks fkj bd vhnhbdjfhd cm cm bd sdcmb pmrskjdb. 4>5f) buc Imchcds d cmsdrrkbbdr mj shtudfhkjms cm mimrnmjfhd. 4>5c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 44

4>4

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Tuè kgbhndfhöj mstdgbmfm bd Bmy 64/488= d bks miprmsdrhks qum fkjtrdtmj k sugfkjtrdtmj fkj ktrks bd rmdbhzdfhöj mj sus prkphks fmjtrks cm trdgdok cm kgrds k smrvhfhks fkrrmspkjchmjtms d su dfthvhcdc;

4>4d)

Bd kgbhndfhöj kgbhndfhöj cm vhnhbdr qum qum fkjtrdthstds y sugfkjtrdthstds sugfkjtrdthstds fuipbmj fuipbmj bd jkridthvd cm prmvmjfhöj. 4>4g) Bd Bmy 64/488= jk mstdgbmfm mstdgbmfm kgbhndfhkjms kgbhndfhkjms mspmfé`hfds pdrd mstm fdsk. 4>4f) Bd kgbhndfhöj kgbhndfhöj cm hjfbuhr mj mb fkjtrdtk fkjtrdtk mjtrm digds miprmsds, miprmsds, ujd ujd fbäusubd rmbdthvd d bd cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. 4>4c) prmvmjfhöj Bd Bmy 64/488= prkaégm d bks miprmsdrhks fkjtrdtdr k sugfkjtrdtdr fkj fkj ktrks bd rmdbhzdfhöj mj sus prkphks fmjtrks cm trdgdok cm kgrds k smrvhfhks fkrrmspkjchmjtms d su dfthvhcdc. 4>7

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms ms uj prhjfhphk cm bd dfthvhcdc prmvmjthvd cm bd miprmsd;

4>7d) Dcdptdr bd pmrskjd pmrskjd db trdgdok, y jk mb trdgdok trdgdok d bd pmrskjd. pmrskjd. 4>7g) Dckptdr i imchcds mchcds qum djtmpkjndj bd prktmffhöj prktmffhöj hjchvhcudb hjchvhcudb d bd fkbmfthvd. 4>7f) Ndrdjthzdr qum söbk bks y bds mipbmdcds qum adydj adydj rmfhghck hj`kridfhöj su`hfhmjtm su`hfhmjtm y dcmfudcd dffmcdj d bds zkjds cm rhmsnk nrdvm y mspmfé`hfk. 4>7c) Bds imchcds imchcds prmvmjthvds prmvmjthvds jk prmvmräj prmvmräj jmfmsdrhdimjtm jmfmsdrhdimjtm bds chstrdffhkjms chstrdffhkjms k hiprucmjfhds qum puchmrd fkimtmr mb pmrskjdb. 4>6

»Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db pbdj cm prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms;

4>3

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d mquhpks cm trdgdok y imchks cm prktmffhöj;

4>6d)

Cmgm rmfknmr, rmfknmr, mjtrm mjtrm ktrks dspmftks, bds bds rmspkjsdghbhcdcms rmspkjsdghbhcdcms mj idtmrhd idtmrhd cm prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. 4>6g) Cmgm rmfknmr, rmfknmr, mjtrm ktrks dspmftks, dspmftks, bks prkfmchihmjtks prkfmchihmjtks y bks prkfmsks prkfmsks mj idtmrhd cm prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. 4>6f) Vhrvm, mjtrm ktrks `hjms, `hjms, pdrd hjtmnrdr bd prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks rhmsnks bdgkrdbms bdgkrdbms mj mb shstmid nmjmrdb cm nmsthöj cm bd miprmsd k dcihjhstrdfhöj fkrrmspkjchmjtm. fkrrmspkjchmjtm. 4>6c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

4>3d)

Bds imchcds imchcds cm krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj cmb trdgdok sm uthbhzdräj fudjck bks rhmsnks jk pumcdj pumcdj bhihtdrsm su`hfhmjtmimjtm imchdjtm mquhpks cm prktmffhöj hjchvhcudb. 4>3g) Mb pmrskjdb pmrskjdb cmfhchrä, gdok su rmspkjsdghbhc rmspkjsdghbhcdc, dc, sh uthbhzd k jk, bks mquhpks mquhpks cm prktmffhöj hjchvhcudb `dfhbhtdcks pkr mb miprmsdrhk. Bks mquhpks mquhpks cm prktmffhöj hjchvhcudb sm uthbhzdräj fudjck bks rhmsnks rhmsnks jk pumcdj pumcdj bhihbhihtdrsm su`hfhmjtmimjtm pkr imchks tèfjhfks cm prktmffhöj fkbmfthvd, k imchdjtm imchcds cm krndjhzdfhöj cmb trdgdok. 4>3c) Mj jhjnÿj jhjnÿj fdsk sm uthbhzdräj mquhpks mquhpks cm trdgdok qum pumcdj prmsmjtdr uj rhmsnk mspmfémspmfé`hfk pdrd bd smnurhcdc y bd sdbuc cm quhmj bk usm. 4>3f)

4>=

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk d bd hj`kridfhöj qum cmgm `dfhbhtdrsm d bks trdgdodckrms;

4>=d)

Mj tkck fdsk, cmgmrä cmgmrä hj`kridrsm hj`kridrsm chrmftdimjtm chrmftdimjtm d fdcd pmrskjd pmrskjd mipbmdcd mipbmdcd cm cm bks rhmsnks mspmfé`hfks qum d`mftmj d su pumstk cm trdgdok k `ujfhöj. 4>=g) Mb miprmsdrhk miprmsdrhk pkcrä fkjsubtdr d bks trdgdodckrms trdgdodckrms y trdgdodckrds, trdgdodckrds, skgrm bds fumsthkjms fumsthkjms qum d`mftmj d bd smnurhcdc y d bd sdbuc mj mb trdgdok. 4>=f) Mj bds miprmsds qum qum fumjtmj fumjtmj fkj rmprmsmjtdfhöj rmprmsmjtdfhöj cm pmrskjdb, pmrskjdb, smrä rmspkjsdghbhcdc cm chfad `dfhbhtdr rmbdthvd smnurhcdcmspmfé`hfd y sdbuc mjcmmbhj`kridr trdgdok. 4>=c) Bd Bmyrmprmsmjtdfhöj 64/488= jk mstdgbmfm mstdgb mfmtkcd pdrdbd mb mhj`kridfhöj b miprmsdrhk, miprmsdrhk , ujd kgbhndfhöj kdgbhndfhöj d bks trdgdodckrms.

68

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

35

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 44

4>0

@kridfhöj cm bks y bds trdgdodckrds mj idtmrhd cm prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd;

4>0d) Bd `kridfhöj `kridfhöj cmgmrä hipdrthrsm jmfmsdrhdimj jmfmsdrhdimjtm tm cmjtrk cmjtrk cm cm bd okrjdcd cm trdgdok. 4>0g) Mb fkstm mfkjöihfk cm bd `kridfhöj smrä fkipdrthck fkipdrthck pkr pkr miprmsdrhk miprmsdrhk y trdgdodckr. 4>0f) Bd `kridfhöj jk smrä jmfmsdrhd mj mj mb fdsk cm fkjtrdtks cm curdfhöj hj`mrhkr d smhs imsms. 4>0c) Bd `kridfhöj cmgmrä rmpmthrsm pmrhöchfdim pmrhöchfdimjtm, jtm, sh `umrd `umrd jmfmsdrhk. 4>>

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Tuè idtmrhds cmgmj hjfbuhr bds imchcds d dckptdr mj shtudfhkjms cm mimrnmjfhd;

4>>d) 4>>g) 4>>f) 4>>c) 4>1

Urhimrks duxhbhks. Bufad fkjtrd hjfmjchks. Mvdfudfhöj cm bds y bks trdgdodckrms. Skcds bds kpfhkjms djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Uumcm bd rmprmsmjtdfhöj shjchfdb dfkrcdr bd pdrdbhzdfhöj cm bd dfthvhcdc mj fdsk cm rhmsnk nrdvm m hjihjmjtm;

4>1d)

Jk pumcm pumcm dfkrcdr bd pdrdbhzdfhöj cm bd dfthvhcdc pmrk sé mb dgdjckjk dgdjckjk cmb fmjtrk fmjtrk cm trdgdok. 4>1g) Vé, pkr idykréd cm sus ihmigrks, ihmigrks, fudjck mb miprmsdrhk miprmsdrhk jk dckptm k jk pmrihtd pmrihtd dckptdr bds imchcds jmfmsdrhds pdrd ndrdjthzdr bd smnurhcdc y bd sdbuc cmb pmrskjdb. 4>1f) Jk, bd pdrdbhzdfhöj cm bd dfthvhcdc söbk söbk pumcm pumcm dfkrcdrbd dfkrcdrbd mb miprmsdrhk miprmsdrhk k bd dutkrhcdc dutkrhcdc bdgkrdb. 4>1c) Vöbk fudjck bd dutkrhcdc bdgkrdb bk dutkrhfm. 4>8

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Mj què fdsk ms kgbhndtkrhk pdrd mb pmrskjdb skimtmrsm d rmfkjkfhihmjtks k prumgds pdrd vhnhbdr bd sdbuc;

4>8d) 4>8g) 4>8f)

Mj tkck fdsk. Mj jhjnÿj fdsk. Mjtrm ktrks ktrks fdsks, fudjck smd hiprmsfhjchgbm hiprmsfhjchgbm pdrd mvdbudr mvdbudr bks m`mftks cm cm bds fkjchfhkjms cm trdgdok skgrm bd sdbuc cmb pmrskjdb. 4>8c) Vkbdimjtm fudjck smd smd hiprmsfhjchgbm hiprmsfhjchgbm pdrd mvdbudr bks m`mftks cm bds fkjchfhkjms fkjchfhkjms cm trdgdok skgrm bd sdbuc cmb pmrskjdb. 415

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks. »Udrd quhèj cmgmj mstdr chspkjhgbms bds mvdbudfhkjms cm rhmsnks rmdbhzdcds d bks y bds trdgdodckrds;

415d) 415g) 415f) 415c) 414

Bds mvdbudfhkjms mvdbudfhkjms cm rhmsnks rhmsnks rmdbhzdcds rmdbhzdcds d bks y bds trdgdodckrds trdgdodckrds cmgmj cmgmj smr smr pÿgbhfds. pÿgbhfds. ßjhfdimjtm pdrd bks y bds trdgdodckrds d`mftdcds. Udrd bd dutkrhcdc bdgkrdb. ßjhfdimjtm pdrd bd dutkrhcdc dutkrhcdc bdgkrdb y bd rmprmsmjtdfhöj shjchfdb.

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. Urktmffhöj cm bd idtmrjhcdc. »Tuè cmgm adfmr mb miprmsdrhk fudjck ujd trdgdodckrd fkiujhfd qum mstä migdrdzdcd;

414d) 414g) 414f) 414c)

Cmfbdrdrbd mj shtudfhöj cm suspmjshöj cmb fkjtrdtk. Wmvhsdr bd mvdbudfhöj cm rhmsnks rhmsnks cm su pumstk pumstk cm trdgdok. Srdihtdr bd gdod pkr mj`mrimcdc fkiÿj. Fkjfmcmr ujd bhfmjfhd pkr migdrdzk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 44

417

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Tuè d`hridfhöj d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db pmrskjdb fkjtrdtdck pkr miprmsds cm trdgdok tmipkrdb;

417d)

Cmgmräj rmfhghr, fkj fkj fdräftmr prmvhk db hjhfhk cm cm su dfthvhcdc, hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj dfmrfd cm bks rhmsnks d bks qum vdydj d mstdr mxpumstks. 417g) Jk thmjmj thmjmj cmrmfak cmrmfak d bd vhnhbdjfhd vhnhbdjfhd pmrhöchfd pmrhöchfd cm su mstdck mstdck cm sdbuc. 417f) Vmrä bd miprmsd cm trdgdok tmipkrdb bd ÿjhfd rmspkjsdgbm rmspkjsdgbm mj idtmrhd cm prktmffhöj prktmffhöj cm cm smnurhcdc y sdbuc. 417c) Msm pmrskjdb pmrskjdb mstä mstä `umrd cmb äightk äightk cm dpbhfdfhöj cm bd Bmy 64/488=. 64/488=. 416

Urmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd kgbhndfhöj cm bds pmrskjds trdgdodckrds mj idtmrhd cm prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks;

416d)

]sdr dcmfudcdimjtm dcmfudcdimjtm bds bds amrrdihmjtds, amrrdihmjtds, cm dfumrck fkj su jdturdbmzd y bks rhmsnks rhmsnks prmvhshgbms. 416g) Ukjmr `umrd `umrd cm `ujfhkjdihmj `ujfhkjdihmjtk tk bks chspkshthvks cm smnurhcdc smnurhcdc mxhstmjtms mxhstmjtms fudjck fudjck kgstdkgstdfubhfmj mb dcmfudck rhtik cm trdgdok. 416f) Idjtmjmr bd fkj`hcmjfhdbhcdc fkj`hcmjfhdbhcdc dfmrfd cm bds shtudfhkjms shtudfhkjms qum qum mjtrdômj mjtrdômj rhmsnk rhmsnk pdrd bd smnurhcdc y bd sdbuc cm bds y bks trdgdodckrms. 416c) ]thbhzd ]thbhzdrr bks imchks y mquhpks cm prktmffhöj cm dfumrck fkj su pmrfmpfhöj cmb rhmsnk.

34

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

37

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 47 

Smid 47 413

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd. Skcd fdrnd qum pmsm iäs cm 6ln, pumcm mjtrdôdr uj pktmjfhdb rhmsnk ckrskbuigdr jk tkbmrdgbm?

413d) 413g) 413f) 413c) 41=

»D pdrthr cm fuäjtks lhbks fkjsthtuymj bds fdrnds uj rhmsnk mj sé ihsids, dujqum jk mxhstdj ktrds fkjchfhkjms mrnkjöihfds cms`dvkrdgbms;

41=d) 41=g) 41=f) 41=c) 410

Dujqum sm idjhpubm mj fkjchfhkjms mrnkjöihfds `dvkrdg `dvkrdgbms. bms. Mj tkcks bks fdsks. Vh sm idjhpubd mj fkjchfhkjm fkjchfhkjmss mrnkjöihfds cms`dvkrdgbms. Udrd pmrskjds qum ihcdj imjks cm 4,05 fi.

45 lhbks. 4= lhbks. 75 lhbks. 7= lhbks.

Vmnÿj mb Wmdb Cmfrmtk Cmfrmtk 31>/488> skgrm chspkshfhkjms iéjhids cm smnurhcdc y sdbuc rmbdthvds d bd idjhpubdfhöj cm idjudb cm fdrnds?

410d)

Vh sm fkjshnuhmrd fkjshnuhmrd mvhtdr bd idjhpubdfhöj idjhpubdfhöj idjudb cm fdrnds, jk smréd jmfmsdrhk jmfmsdrhk rmdbhzdr ujd mvdbudfhöj cm rhmsnks pkr idjhpubdfhöj idjudb cm fdrnds. 410g) Duj fkjshnuhmjck fkjshnuhmjck mvhtdr bd idjhpubdfhöj idjudb cm fdrnds, smréd jmfmsdrhk jmfmsdrhk rmdbhzdr rmdbhzdr ujd mvdbudfhöj cm rhmsnks pkr idjhpubdfhöj idjudb cm fdrnds. 410f) Mb miprmsdrhdck miprmsdrhdck jk jk mstä kgbhndck d dckptdr dckptdr bds imchcds imchcds tèfjhfds u krndjhzdthvds jmfmsdrhds pdrd mvhtdr bd idjhpubdfhöj idjudb idjudb cm fdrnds. 410c) Jhjnujd cm bds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 41>

Bd mvdbudfhöj cm rhmsnks smnÿj bd Bmy cm prmvmjfhöj prmvmjfhöj cm rhmsnks bdgkrdbms?

41>d) 41>g) 41>f) 41>c)

Jk ms kgbhndtkrhd. Ms skbk kgbhndtkrhd mj bds miprmsds fkj iäs cm 455 455 trdgdodckrms/ds. trdgdodckrms/ds. Ms kgbhndtkrhd. Ms rmfkimjcdg rmfkimjcdgbm, bm, pmrk jk kgbhndtkrhd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 47 

411

Vmnÿj mb iètkck pdrd bmvdjtdr ujd fdod, »què pdsk JK  smréd  smréd mb iäs dcmfudck;

411d) Smjmr prmvhstd bd rutd cm trdjspkrtm y mb pujtk cm cmsthjk cmsthjk `hjdb `hjdb cmb bmvdjtdihmjtk. 411g) Mvhtdr bks nhrks? nhrks? prkfurdr jk m`mftudr m`mftudr jujfd nhrks fkj bd mspdbcd, ms prm`mrhgbm prm`mrhgbm ikvmr bks phms pdrd fkbkfdrsm mj bd pkshfhöj dcmfudcd. 411f) Idjtmjmr bd fdrnd dbmodcd cmb fumrpk curdjtm tkck mb bmvdjtdihmjtk. bmvdjtdihmjtk. 411c) ]sdr bd vmsthimjtd, mb fdbzdck y bks bks mquhpks mquhpks dcmfudcks. 418

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Udrd mb bmvdjtdihmjtk cm fdrnds mjtrm cks pmrskjds?

418d) 418g) 418f) 418c) 485

Djtms cm fkimjzdr fkimjzdr mb bmvdjtdihmjtk bmvdjtdihmjtk ady qum qum pbdjh`hfdr mb rmfkrrhck. rmfkrrhck. Bds cks pmrskjds qum bmvdjtdj bd fdrnd adj cm smr cm mstdturds ch`mrmjtms. ch`mrmjtms. Ady qum fdihjdr fkj fuhcdck. Ady qum mvhtdr bks gdfams y ktrks kgstäfubks.

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms bmshkjms sumbm smr bd iäs `rmfumjtm;

485d) Fkjtushkjms. 485g) Amrhcds. 485f) @rdfturds. 485c) Bmshkjms iÿsfubk-msqumbèthfds. iÿsfubk-msqumbèthfds. 484

Fudjck mb fumrpk mstä mj pkshfhöj hjmstdgbm, sm fkjshcmrd qum ms uj `dftkr cm rhmsnk bdgkrdb?

484d) 484g) 484f) 484c)

Cmb cm trdgdok. Ukr imchk bd fdrdftmrésthfd cm bd fdrnd. Mxhnmjfhd cm bd dfthvhcdc. Ukr mb ms`umrzk `éshfk jmfmsdrhk.

36

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

33

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 46 

Smid 46 487

Mb kgomthvk prhjfhpdb cm bks prhimrks duxhbhks cmgm smr?

487d) 487g)) 487g

Furdr bds bmshkjms cm bd pmrskjd dffhcmjtdcd. Idjtmjmr d bd pmrskjd dffhcmjtdcd fkj vhcd y mvhtdr dnrdvdr bds bmshkjms qum prmprmsmjtd. 487f) Cdrbm dpkyk ikrdb d bd pmrskjd dffhcmjtdcd. 487c) Idjtmjmr mjtrmtmjhcd d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd dffhcmjtdcd dffhcmjtdcd adstd adstd qum dfucdj bks bks smrvhfhks cm mimrmimrnmjfhd. 486

»Fuäbms skj bds pdutds gäshfds qum rmspkjcmj rmspkjcmj d bd rmnbd U.D.V.; U.D.V.;

486d) 486g) 486f) 486c) 483

»Mj què krcmj sm cmgmj rmfkjkfmr bks shnjks vhtdbms;

483d) 483g) 483f) 483c) 48=

Fkjsfhmjfhd, rmsphrdfhöj y pubsk, pubsk, cmpmjchmjck cmpmjchmjck cm bd nrdvmcdc cmb/d pdfhmjtm. pdfhmjtm. Fkjsfhmjfhd, rmsphrdfhöj y pubsk pubsk y shmiprm mj msm krcmj. Fkjsfhmjfhd, pubsk y rmsphrdfhöj. Uubsk, rmsphrdfhöj y fkjsfhmjfhd.

»Föik fkiprkgdiks qum bd vhcd cm bd véfthid jk mstä mj pmbhnrk;

48=d) 48=g) 48=f) 48=c) 480

Urktmnmr, dyucdr y skfkrrmr. Urhkrhzdr, dfmrfdr y skfkrrmr. Urktmnmr, dvhsdr y skfkrrmr. Udrdr, dyucdr y skfkrrmr.

Fkiprkgdjck sh rmsphrd y thmjm pubsk. Fkiprkgdjck Fkiprkgdjck sh adgbd. Fkiprkgdjckk sh sdjnrd Fkiprkgdjc sdjnrd pkr dbnujd pdrtm cm su fumrpk. Fkiprkgdjck sh pumcm ikvmr tkcds bds pdrtms cm su fumrpk.

»D pdrthr cm què hjtmrvdbk shj rmfhghr kxénmjk cdôd cm `krid hrrmvmrshgbm bds fèbubds;

480d)

Cm 5 d 4 ihjutk.

480g) 480f) 480c)

Cm Cm 46 dd 6= ihjutks. ihjutks. Cm = d > ihjutks.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 46 

48>

Bd rmsphrdfhöj drth`hfhdb, pdrd smr m`mfthvd, cmgm smr?

48>d) 48>g) 48>f) 48>c) 481

»Tuè shnjh`hfd fkbkfdr db pdfhmjtm mj bd pksturd cmfÿghtk suphjk;

481d) 481g) 481f) 481c) 488

Bdtmrdb cm smnurhcdc. Gkfd-drrhgd. Gkfd-dgdok. Mj bd qum qum iäs föikcd sm shmjtd bd pmrskjd. pmrskjd.

»Tuè vdsk sdjnuéjmk pkcmiks pmjsdr qum sm ad bmshkjdck fudjck vmiks bd shnuhmjtm shjtkidtkbknéd; Bd sdjnrm sdbm d nrdj vmbkfhcdc, cm `krid hjtmrihtmjtm, d gkrgktkjms qum fkhjfhcmj fkj bks bdthcks cmb fkrdzöj.

757d) 757g) 757f) 757c) 756

65-=5 vmfms pkr ihjutk. 475-4=5 vmfms pkr ihjutk. 15-455 vmfms pkr ihjutk. =5-05 vmfms pkr ihjutk.

]jd vmz rmfupmrdcd bd pmrskjd dffhcmjtdcd bd fkbkfdrmiks mj pkshfhöj?

754d) 754g) 754f) 754c) 757

Mj fufbhbbds y mj akrhzkjtdb d mbbd. Cm rkchbbds y mj pmrpmjchfu pmrpmjchfubdr bdr d mbbd. Vmjtdck y mj pmrpmjch pmrpmjchfubdr fubdr d mbbd. Cm rkchbbds y mj akrhzkjtdb d mbbd.

Mj mb idsdom fdrcédfk? fdrcédfk? bd fkiprmshöj cmgm adfmrsm d uj rhtik cm?

755d) 755g) 755f) 755c) 754

Fkbkfdrbm mj pkshfhöj bdtmrdb. Fkbkfdrbm mj bd pksturd qum qum mb/bd mb/bd pdfhmjtm pdfhmjtm sm shmjtd iäs föikck/d. Fkbkfdrbm gkfd-dgdok. Fkbkfdrbm gkfd-drrhgd.

Udrd rmdbhzdr mb idsdom fdrchdfk, mb/bd skfkrrhstd sm shtudrä oujtk d bd véfthid?

488d) 488g) 488f) 488c) 755

Hjimchdtd, hjtmrruiphcd y prkbkjndcd. Hjimchdtd, fkjthjudcd y prkbkjndcd. Hjimchdtd, fkjthjudcd y fkrtd. Hjimchdtd, chsfkjthjud y fkrtd.

Drtmrhd. Pmjd. Fdphbdr. Fudbquhmr vdsk sdjnuéjmk.

Vh bd amikrrdnhd ms mj bds mxtrmihcdcms?

756d)

Idjtmjcrmiks bds mxtrmihcdcms Idjtmjcrmiks mxtrmihcdcms dpkydcds dpkydcds mj mb sumbk y d bd pdr cmb fkrdzöj shmiprm, shmiprm, dujqum rmsubtm ckbkrksk pdrd bd véfthid. 756g) Idjtmjcrmik Idjtmjcrmikss bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms dpkydcds dpkydcds mj mb mb sumbk y d bd pdr pdr cmb fkrdzöj, fkrdzöj, shmiprm y fudjck jk rmsubtm ckbkrksk pdrd bd véfthid. 756f) Idjtmjcrmik Idjtmjcrmikss bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms mbmvdcds mbmvdcds y pkr mjfhid mjfhid cmb fkrdzöj shmiprm, shmiprm, dujqum dujqum rmsubtm ckbkrksk pdrd bd véfthid. 756c) Idjtmjcrmik Idjtmjcrmikss bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms mbmvdcds y pkr mjfhid cmb fkrdzöj, fkrdzöj, shmiprm shmiprm y fudjck jk rmsubtm ckbkrksk pdrd bd véfthid.

3=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

30

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 46 

753

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Mb tkrjhqumtm?

753d) Ms mb mb prhimr prhimr iètkck d rmdbhzdr rmdbhzdr fudjck ady ujd amikrrdnhd. 753g) Ms uj iètkck mxfmpfhkjdb y mxtrmik. 753f) Ms uj iètkck ousth`hfdck mj mj bks fdsks mj bks qum mb trdsbdck d uj fmjtrk sdjhtdrhk sdjhtdrhk sm vd d cmikrdr. 753c) Ms uj vmjcdom fkiprmshvk iuy `umrtm, `umrtm, mj nmjmrdb fhrfubdr, qum dftÿd fkiprhihmjck fkiprhihmjck bds drtmrhds. 75=

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. ]jd vmz fkbkfdck mb tkrjhqumtm?

75=d) Fkrrmspkjcmrä Fkrrmspkjcmrä db pmrskjdb sdjhtdrhk rmthrdr mb tkrjhqumtm y jujfd jujfd db/d db/d skfkrrhstd. skfkrrhstd. 75=g) Fkrrmspkjcm Fkrrmspkjcmrä rä db pmrskjdb sdjhtdrhk rmthrdr mb tkrjhqumtm tkrjhqumtm k db/d skfkrrhstd sh èstm/d sm mjfumjtrd fdpdfhtdck/d pdrd mbbk. 75=f) Vm fkbkfdrä ujd mthqumtd mthqumtd mj bundr vhshgbm hjchfdjck bd urnmjfhd urnmjfhd cm bd amikrrdnhd y smôdbdjck bd akrd y ihjutk mj qum `um fkbkfdck mb tkrjhqumtm. 75=c) Mj fdsk cm cm pmrhkcks pmrhkcks cm thmipk prkbkjndcks prkbkjndcks fkj mb tkrjhqumtm, ms fkjvmjhmjtm fkjvmjhmjtm d`bkodr bhnmrdimjtm fdcd 75 ihjutks dprkxhidcdimjtm. 750

»Tuè adfmr djtm uj rhmsnk cm sakfl;

750d) Fkbkfdr d bd pmrskjd cm phm, phm, pdrd pdrd `dvkrmfmr `dvkrmfmr mb rhmnk sdjnuéjmk. 750g) Ukjmr bds mxtrmihcdcms hj`mrhkrms mj akrhzkjtdb akrhzkjtdb fkj mb fumrpk, fumrpk, shmiprm qum jk jk sm qumom cm ckbkr. 750f) Mvhtdr qum phmrcd fdbkr. 750c) Cdrbm cm fkimr y cm gmgmr. 75>

Mbhnm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd mj fudjtk d bd fbdsh`hfdfhöj cm qumidcurds mj `ujfhöj cm bd prk`ujchcdc?

75>d) 75>g) 75>f) 75>c) 751

Vm fbdsh`hfdj mj 4.¿-6.¿-=.¿ nrdck. Vm fbdsh`hfdj mj 4.¿-7.¿-6.¿ nrdck. Vm fbdsh`hfdj pkr bd «Wmnbd cm bks 8¼. Vm fbdsh`hfdj pkr bd «Wmnbd cm bks 47¼.

Mbhnm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd mj fudjtk d bd fbdsh`hfdfhöj cm qumidcurds mj `ujfhöj cm bd mxtmjshöj?

751d)

Vm fbdsh`hfdj mj 4.¿-6.¿-=.¿ nrdck.

751g) 751f) Vm Vm fbdsh`hfdj fbdsh`hfdj mj pkr4.¿-7.¿-6.¿ bd «Wmnbdnrdck. cm bks 8¼. 751c) Vm fbdsh`hfdj pkr bd «Wmnbd cm bks 47¼. 758

Tuè adfmr djtm ujd qumidcurd?

758d) 758g) 758f) 758c) 745

Cdr fkihcd k béquhcks pkr véd krdb. Cmspmndr bd rkpd qum mstè pmndcd d bd phmb. Mjvkbvmr bd zkjd zkjd qumidcd fkj ndsds k pdôks bhiphks. Wkipmr bds dipkbbds qum sm adydj pkchck `kridr.

»Tuè JK  sm  sm cmgm adfmr djtm ujd qumidcurd;

745d) 745g) 745f) 745c)

Mvdfudr d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd qumidcd qumidcd d uj fmjtrk fmjtrk aksphtdbdrhk aksphtdbdrhk bk djtms pkshgbm. pkshgbm. Phnhbdr cm `krid pmrhöchfd bks shnjks vhtdbms. Mvdfudr d bd pmrskjd cmb `kfk tèrihfk. Dpbhfdr pkidcds, ujnòmjtk ujnòmjtks, s, pdstd pdstd cmjté`rhfd… cmjté`rhfd… skgrm bd qumidcurd. qumidcurd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 46 

744

Bd rmnbd msmjfhdb db hjikvhbhzdr ujd `rdfturd ms?

744d) 744g) 744f) 744c) 747

Hjikvhbhzdr bd `rdfturd bbmvdjck mb aumsk aumsk d su pkshfhöj jkridb k jdturdb. jdturdb. Hjikvhbhzdr bd `rdfturd mj bd ihsid ihsid pkshfhöj pkshfhöj mj qum sm mjfumjtrd. mjfumjtrd. Hjikvhbhzdr bd `rdfturd hjtmjtdjck rmcufhr bd ihsid. Jk ady jhjnujd rmnbd msmjfhdb db hjikvhbhzdr ujd `rdfturd.

Djtm bd iéjhid skspmfad cm `rdfturd cm fkbuijd vmrtmgrdb, ujk cm bks prhjfhphks `ujcdimjtdbms ms?

747d) Vmjtdr d bd pmrskjd pdrd qum mstè iäs föikcd. 747g) Idjtmjmr d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd dfkstdcd skgrm skgrm uj pbdjk curk, curk, gkfd drrhgd, fkj bd bd fdgmzd, trkjfk trkjfk y mxtrmihcdcms mj béjmd rmftd. 747f) Idjtmjmr bds mxtrmihcdcms mbmvdcds y pkr mjfhid mjfhid cmb fkrdzöj, fkrdzöj, shmiprm shmiprm y fudjck fudjck jk rmsubtm ckbkrksk pdrd bd véfthid. 747c) Idjtmjmr d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd dfkstdcd skgrm uj shthk gbdjck, gbdjck, ckjcm ckjcm pumcd pumcd smjthrsm föikcd. 746

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms JK  smréd  smréd ujks cm bks pkshgbms séjtkids cm mphbmpshd;

746d) 746g) 746f) 746c) 743

Uèrchcd cm fkjkfhihmjt fkjkfhihmjtk. k. Mspdsiks iusfubdrms. Wmbdodfhöj cm ms`éjtmrms. Amikrrdnhd.

»Tuè ms bk qum JK  cmgmrédiks  cmgmrédiks adfmr djtm ujd fkjvubshöj cm prkgdgbm krhnmj mphbèpthfk;

743d) 743g) 743f) 743c)

Cmspmodr mb mjtkrjk mjtkrjk cm fudbquhmr kgomtk qum pumcd amrhr d bd véfthid. Fkbkfdr ujd prmjcd d ikck cm dbikadcd cmgdok cm bd fdgmzd. Srdtdr cm cm suomtdr d bd bd véfthid véfthid curdjtm curdjtm bks mspdsiks iusfubdrms. D`bkodr bd rkpd doustdcd.

3>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

31

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 43 

Smid 43 74=

Mb dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj, prktmffhöj cm cdtks y fkjkfhihmjtk cm bds dfthvhcdcms cmb nkghmrjk, y mb momrfhfhk cm bd kphjhöj fhucdcdjd sm cmjkihjd?

74=d) 74=g) 74=f) 74=c) 740

Mb fkjfmptk cm «nkghmrjk dghmrtk¼ sm sustmjtd mj?

740d) 740g) 740f) 740c) 74>

Okaj @. Lmjjmcy. Ohiiy Fdrtmr. Nmkrnm ^. Gusa. Gdrdfl Kgdid.

Nkghmrjk dghmrtk. ]jd gumjd dcihjhstrdfhöj sm fdrdftmrhzd pkr?

741d) 741g) 741f) 741c) 748

Dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd y ikcmrjhzdfhö ikcmrjhzdfhöj. j. Ukbéthfd mxtmrhkr y fkimrfhk. Srdjspdrmjfhd, fkbdgkrdfhöj y pdrthfhpdfhöj. Fkj`hdjzd y rdzöj cm smr.

»Tuhèj prkiubnö mb «Imikrdjck skgrm trdjspdrmjfhd y nkghmrjk dghmrtk¼;

74>d) 74>g) 74>f) 74>c) 741

Hjjkvdfhöj pÿgbhfd. Pdbkr pÿgbhfk. Nkghmrjk dghmrtk. Dcihjhstrdfhöj mbmftröjhfd.

Ukjmr mj mb mb fmjtrk fmjtrk cm su dftudfhöj dftudfhöj d bd prkphd krndjhzdfhöj. Urkikvmr mb chäbknk y mb mb fkjsmjsk fkjsmjsk fkj bd skfhmcdc. skfhmcdc. Hjtmrfmcmr mjtrm bks hjtmrmsms cm bks nrupks idykrhtdrhks. Urkikvmr mb frmfhihmjt frmfhihmjtkk mfkjöihfk.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Bd pkshghbhcdc cm rmbdfhkjdrsm fkj bd dcihjhstrdfhöj d trdvès cm imchks mbmftröjhfks, pmrihtm?

748d) Dffmcmr d bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj shj dfuchr dfuchr prmsmjfhdbimjtm prmsmjfhdbimjtm d bds k`hfhjds. 748g) @bmxhghbhzdr bks pbdzks pdrd bd rmdbhzdfhöj cm fudbquhmr fudbquhmr träihtm dcihjhstrdthvk. dcihjhstrdthvk. 748f) ]j idykr fkjtrkb skgrm skgrm mb mstdck cm trdihtdfhöj cm fudbquhmr prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk k cmfhshöj cmfhshöj pÿgbhfd. 748c) Vhipbh`hfdr bks träihtms dcihjhstrdthvks.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 43 

775

Nkghmrjk dghmrtk. Ukjmr bd hj`kridfhöj skgrm bds dfthvhcdcms cm bks krndjhsiks pÿgbhfks d chspkshfhöj cm bd fhucdcdjéd, rmspkjcm db prhjfhphk cm?

775d) 775g) 775f) 775c) 774

Nkghmrjk Mstdgbmfmr prkfmsks cm nmsthöj akrhzkjtdbms m hipbhfdr d bd fhucdcdjéd mj bd tkiddghmrtk. cm cmfhshkjms pÿgbhfds, rmspkjcm db prhjfhphk cm?

774d) 774g) 774f) 774c) 777

Srdjspdrmjfhd. Udrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd. Hjtmnrhcdc. Fdbhcdc y m`hfdfhd mj bd nmsthöj.

Dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd. Fdbhcdc y m`hfdfhd mj bd nmsthöj. Hjtmnrhcdc. Udrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd.

Nkghmrjk dghmrtk. Vkj prhjfhphks gäshfks cm bd «hjtmnrhcdc¼?

777d) Mb bknrk bknrk cm cm bd pdrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd y prkikvmr prkikvmr bds pkbéthfds pkbéthfds skfhdbms. skfhdbms. 777g) Mb hj hjtmrès tmrès nmjmrdb, nmjmrdb, mb rmspmtk rmspmtk y bd m`hfdfhd, bks bks gumjks gumjks rmsubtdcks. 777f) Bd `kridfhöj d bd fhucdcdjéd fhucdcdjéd mj mb usk cm jumvds jumvds tmfjkbknéd tmfjkbknéd y bd bd hjtmrdffhöj fkj bks dnmjtms skfhdbms. 777c) Mb `krtdbmfhihmjtk `krtdbmfhihmjtk cm cm bd skfhmcdc fhvhb y bd bmnhthidfhöj bmnhthidfhöj cm cm bds pkbéthfds mfkjöihfds. mfkjöihfds. 776

Cm dfumrck d bd Bmy 48/7546, cm trdjspdrmjfhd, dffmsk d bd cm? hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd y gumj nkghmrjk, bd hj`kridfhöj pugbhfdcd cmgm dtmjcmr db prhjfhphk

776d) 776g) 776f) 776c) 773

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 48/7546, cm trdjspdrmjfhd, dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd y gumj nkghmrjk, »què shnjh`hfd mb fkjfmptk rmjchfhöj cm fumjtds;

773d) 773g) 773f) 773c) 77=

Bks Sdgbkjms cm djujfhks. Mb Umr`hb cmb fkjtrdtdjtm. Bd Vmcm mbmftröjhfd. Bks Ukrtdbms cm trdjspdrmjfhd.

Kpmj Cdtd sm rm`hmrm mspmfhdbimjtm d?

770d) 770g) 770f) 770c) 77>

Uugbhfdr pmrhöchfdim pmrhöchfdimjtm jtm bd rmbdfhöj cm ndstks cmb nkghmrjk mj `ujfhkjms. Duchtdr bds fumjtds fumjtds pÿgbhfds djtm mb örndjk fkipmtmjtm. Wmfkjkfmr y dsuihr dsuihr bd rmspkjsdghbhcdc rmspkjsdghbhcdc mj bds cmfhshkjms cmfhshkjms pkbéthfds. Fuipbhr fkj tkck mb prknrdid mbmftkrdb idjmrd mxadusthvd.

Bd hj`kridfhöj cm pugbhfhcdc dfthvd sumbm prmsmjtdrsm mj?

77=d) 77=g) 77=f) 77=c) 770

Hjtmrès. Ch`ushöj. Dftudbhcdc. Bmfturd `äfhb.

Bks cdtks cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjm Dcihjhstrdfhkjmss Uÿgbhfds. Bks cdtks mfkjöihfk mfkjöihfkss cm cm bd bd miprmsds miprmsds pÿgbhfds y prhvdcds. prhvdcds. Bks cdtks cmiknrä`hfks cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Nmjmrdb. Bks cdtks kgtmjhcks cmb Udcröj.

»Fuäb JK  ms  ms ujd cm bds `hjdbhcdcms cm bd pugbhfdfhöj cm cdtks pÿgbhfks dghmrtks;

77>d)

Nmjmrdfhöj cm vdbkr y rhqumzd.

77>g) bd hjfbushöj hjfbu cm bks hjtmrmsms cm skfhdbms mj mj bd dnmjcd pÿgbhfd. 77>f) @dvkrmfm Srdjspdrmjfhd mjshöj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd. 77>c) Hjtmrkpmrdghbhc Hjtmrkpmrdghbhcdc dc mjtrm dcihjhstrdfhkjms.

38

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

=5

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 43 

771

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Mj nmjmrdb, mj bd jkridthvd gäshfd y mj bks pkstmrhkrms cmsdrrkbbks dutkjöihfks, sm mstdgbmfm qum fhucdcdjds y fhucdcdjks thmjmj cmrmfak d?

771d) 771g) 771f) 771c)

778

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj HJFKWWMFSD.  Bks béihtms cmb cmrmfak cm dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd?

778d) 778g) 778f) 778c) 765

Dffmcmr d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd cm `krid nrdtuhtd. Kgtmjmr bd hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj skbhfhtdcd mj bd `krid y `kridtk mbmnhcks. mbmnhcks. Fkjkfmr bks ikthvks cm hjdcihshöj k cmjmndfhöj cm sus skbhfht skbhfhtucms ucms cm dffmsk. ]thbhzdr bd hj`kridfhöj kgtmjhcd, prmvhd dutkrhzdfhöj, dutkrhzdfhöj, y bds bhihtdfhkjms bhihtdfhkjms cmrhvdcds cmrhvdcds cm bds bmyms.

Shmjmj qum vmr fkj bd prktmffhöj cm bd smnurhcdc jdfhkjdb. Vm dpbhfdj cm ikck nmjmrdb, sdbvk mxfmpfhkjms. Vkj mxfmpfhkjm mxfmpfhkjmss db prhjfhphk nmjmrdb `dvkrdgbm. Shmjmj qum vmr fkj bd prktmffhöj prktmffhöj cm cm bks hjtmrmsms mfkjöihfks y fkimrfhdbms. fkimrfhdbms.

Dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd. Vh bd hj`kridfhöj skbhfhtdcd fkjtuvhmrd cdtks pmrskjdbms pmrskjdbms qum rmvmbmj bd hcmkbknéd, d`hbhdfhöj shjchfdb, rmbhnhöj k frmmjfhds, sm pkcrä dutkrhzdr mb dffmsk?

765d) Vh sm fumjtd fkj mb mb fkjsmjthihmjtk fkjsmjthihmjtk vmrgdb k pkr msfrhtk msfrhtk cm bd pmrskjd pmrskjd d`mftdcd. d`mftdcd. 765g) Vh bks cdtks sm aughmsmj aughmsmj amfak pÿgbhfks, dÿj dÿj shj fkjsmjthihmjtk fkjsmjthihmjtk cm bd pmrskjd pmrskjd d`mftdcd. 765f) Vh sm fumjtd fkj mb mb fkjsmjthihmjtk fkjsmjthihmjtk mxprmsk y pkr msfrhtk cm bd pmrskjd pmrskjd d`mftdcd. 765c) Mj tkcks bks fdsks djtmrhkrms. 764

Bd frmdfhöj y idjtmjhihmjtk cmb Wmnhstrk cm bds Dfthvhcdcms cm Srdtdihmjtk ms kgbhndfhöj?

764d)

Cm bks rmspkjsdgbm rmspkjsdgbmss cm trdtdihmjtk y mjfdrndcks cm trdtdihmjtk trdtdihmjtk cm cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb. 764g) Cm bd chrmffhöj chrmffhöj k nmrmjfhd cm cm bds mjthcdcms mjthcdcms qum trdtdj bks cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb. 764f) Cm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjm dcihjhstrdfhkjmss qum pksmmj, uthbhzdj y trdtdj bks cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb. pmrskjdb. 764c) Cm tkcds bds pmrskjds pmrskjds hipbhfdcds hipbhfdcds mj mb mb trdtdihmjtk cm bks cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb. pmrskjdb. 767

Djtm bd cmjmndfhöj cm dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd, bd rmfbdidfhöj djtm mb Fkjsmok cm Srdjspdrmjfhd y Gumj Nkghmrjk pumcm hjtmrpkjmrsm mj mb pbdzk cm?

767d) 767g) 767f) 767c)

766

Srms imsms cmscm bd cmjmndfhöj cmb dffmsk k shj pbdzk sh bd cmjmndfhöj sm prkcufm pkr shbmjfhk dcihjhstrdthvk. Srms imsms cmscm bd cmjmndfhöj cmb dffmsk k smhs imsms sh bd cmjmndfhöj sm prkcufm pkr shbmjfhk dcihjhstrdthvk. ]j ims cmscm bd cmjmndfhöj cmb dffmsk k shj pbdzk sh bd cmjmndfhöj sm prkcufm pkr shbmjfhk dcihjhstrdthvk. ]j ims cmscm bd cmjmndfhöj cmb dffmsk k trms imsms sh bd cmjmndfhöj sm prkcufm pkr shbmjfhk dcihjhstrdthvk.

Vm mjthmjcm pkr pdrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd?

766d) 766g) 766f) 766c)

Bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds cm prmsmjtdr sunmrmjfhds djtm bks bks pkcmrms pkcmrms pÿgbhfks. pÿgbhfks. Bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds cm tkidr pdrtm dfthvd mj bks dsujtks dsujtks pÿgbhfks. pÿgbhfks. Bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds cm pdrthfhpdr mj mj bds mbmffhkjms d trdvès cm su vktk. Bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds cm rmfbdidr djtm djtm bds dcihjhstrdfhkjms pÿgbhfds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 43 

763

Bds mjfumstds, bks skjcmks, bks `krks cm fkjsubtd, bks mspdfhks cm cmgdtm y fkjsubtd, k bks prkfmsks cm cmbhgmrdfhöj pdrthfhpdthvd skj momipbks cm?

763d) Amrrdihmjtds pdrd prkikvmr bd pdrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd. 763g) Imchcds cm cm `kimjtk `kimjtk pdrd hjfmjthvdr bd hjhfhdthvd cm bd fhucdcdjéd fhucdcdjéd mj dfthvhcdcms vhjfuvhjfubdcds d bd pdrthfhpdfhöj. 763f) Urhjfhphks gäshfks cm bks prkfmsks cm pdrthfhpdfhöj fhucdcdjd. 763c) @dsms cm bks prkfmsks pdrthfhpdthvks rmdbms y m`hfdfms. 76=

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj HJFKWWMFSD.  Bd bmnhsbdfhöj, bks föchnks y präfthfds qum sm hjfbuymj mj bks shstmids cm hjtmnrhcdc fkipdrtmj ujd smrhm cm vdbkrms y jkrids cm fkjcuftd qum pumcmj sugsuihrsm mj 6 prhjfhphks èthfks nmjmrdbms?

76=d) 76=g) 76=f) 76=c) 760

Mb hjtmrès nmjmrdb y mb ghmj fkiÿj. Mb prhjfhphk cm rmspmtk y dpmrturd. Mb fkiprkihsk fkj bd hjjkvdfhöj pÿgbhfd. Bd m`hfdfhd y gumjks rmsubtdcks.

Dpbhfdck d bd nmsthöj pÿgbhfd, bd fdbhcdc mj ujd dcihjhstrdfhöj pÿgbhfd cmgm gdsdrsm mj?

760d) Mb mj`kqum d bd fhucdcdjéd fhucdcdjéd.. 760g) Mb fkiprk fkiprkihsk ihsk cm bds pmrskjds pmrskjds trdgdodckrds pÿgbhfds fkj fkj bd krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj y sus kgomthvks. 760f) Bd imokrd fkjthjud mj `ujfhöj cm sus rmsubtdcks. 760c) Skcds bds kpfhkjms skj fkrrmftds.

=4

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

=7

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4= 

Smid 4= 76>

Bd fkipmtmjfhd mj idtmrhd cm mcufdfhöj?

76>d) Ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushvd cmb Mstdck. 76>g) Ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd mxfbushvd cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Udés Pdsfk. 76>f) Jk ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd fkipdrthcd mjtrm mb Mstdck y bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk. 76>c) 76 >c) Ms ujd fkipmtmjfhd fkipdrthcd mjtrm mb Mstdck y bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk. 761

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD, rmspmftk db cmrmfak d bd mcufdfhöj.

761d) 761g) 761f)

Ms uj cmrmfak gäshfk cm tkck fhucdcdjk, dujqum jk mstè mstè rmfkjkfhck mj bd Fkjsthtufhöj. Ms uj cmrmfak `ujcdimjtdb qum cmgm mstdr ndrdjthzdck pkr bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks. Bks fhucdcdjks qum vmdj vubjmrdck mstm cmrmfak `ujcdimjtd `ujcdimjtdbb chspkjcräj cm uj prkfmchihmjtk mspmfhdb pdrd sdbvdnudrcdrbk, puchmjck hjfbusk dfuchr db Srhgujdb Fkjsthtufhkjdb imchdjtm rmfursk cm dipdrk. 761c) Vm idtmrhdbhzd pkr jkrids dprkgdcds tdjtk tdjtk pkr mb Mstdck fkik pkr pkr bd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. 768

Bd mcufdfhöj gäshfd?

768d) 768g) 768f) 768c) 735

Mstä fkjsthtuhcd prhjfhpdbimj prhjfhpdbimjtm tm pkr bd mcufdfhöj prhidrhd. Mstä fkjsthtuhcd fkjsthtuhcd prhjfhpdbimjtm prhjfhpdbimjtm pkr bd mcufdfhöj prhidrhd y bks fhfbks fhfbks `kridthvks. Ms kgbhndtkrhd y nrdtuhtd. Ms kgbhndtkrhd, pmrk jk nrdtuhtd.

Bd mcufdfhöj supmrhkr fkiprmjcm?

735d) Mb gdfahbbmrdtk. 735g) Mb gdfah gdfahbbmrdtk, bbmrdtk, bd mjsmôdjzd ujhvmrshtdrhd y `kridfhöj prk`mshkjdb cm nrdck nrdck supmrhkr. supmrhkr. 735f) Mjsmôdjzds ujhvmrshtdrhds, `kridfhöj `kridfhöj prk`mshkjdb prk`mshkjdb cm nrdck supmrhkr supmrhkr y bds mjsmôdjzds mjsmôdjzds prk`mshkjdbms cm drtms pbästhfds y chsmôk supmrhkr y bds mjsmôdjzds cmpkrthvds cm nrdck supmrhkr. 735c) Mjsmôdjzds bds mjsmôdjzds mjsmôdjzds drtésthfdscm supm supmrhkrms, rhkrms, bd `kridfhöj jdb cm nrdck ujhvmrshtdrhds, supmrhkr, bds mjsmôdjzds prk`mshkjdbms drtms pbästhfds y chsmôkprk`mshksupmrhkr y bds mjsmôdjzds cmpkrthvds cmpkrthvds cm nrdck supmrhkr.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4= 

734

»Tuè thpks cm fmjtrks ckfmjtms ady;

734d)

Fmjtrks pÿgbhfks fkjfmrtdcks, fmjtrks pÿgbhfks jk fkjfmrtdcks, fmjtrks prhvdcks fkjfmrtdcks y fmjtrk prhvdcks jk fkjfmrtdcks. 734g) Fmjtrks fkjfmrtdcks y jk fkjfmrtdcks. 734f) Fmjtrks pÿgbhfks, fmjtrks prhvdcks fkjfmrtdcks y fmjtrks fmjtrks prhvdcks prhvdcks jk jk fkjfmrtdcks. fkjfmrtdcks. 734c) Fmjtrks pÿgbhfks y fmjtrks cm mjsmôdjzd bhgrm. 737

Bds hldstkbds?

737d)

Vkj fmjtrks fmjtrks prhvdcks prhvdcks fkjfmrtdcks, fkjfmrtdcks, smnÿj smnÿj bd Bmy Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd (chspksh(chspkshfhöj Dchfhkjdb >.ª). 737g) Vkj msfumbds msfumbds pÿgbhfds pÿgbhfds vdsfds, smnÿj smnÿj bd Bmy Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd (chspkshfhöj (chspkshfhöj Dchfhkjdb >.ª). 737f) Vkj fmjtrks fmjtrks pÿgbhfks pÿgbhfks y/k fmjtrks prhvdcks (fkjfmrtdcks k jk fkjfmrtdcks), fkjfmrtdcks), smnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd (chspkshfhöj Dchfhkjdb >.ª). 737c) Vkj fmjtrks cm mjsmôdjzd cm rènhimj mspmfhdb, smnÿj bd Bmy cm bd Msfumbd Uÿgbhfd Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd (chspkshfhöj Dchfhkjdb >.ª). 736

»Föik sm bbdid mb pbdj cmb Cmpdrtdimjtk cm Mcufdfhöj pdrd bd imokrd cmb shstmid mcufdthvk cm bd FDUP;

736d) 736g) 736f) 736c) 733

»Tuè fkipmtmjfhds mj idtmrhd cm mcufdfhöj thmjm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj bkfdb;

733d) 733g) 733f) 733c) 73=

Ubdj ADVHGMWWH 7575. Ubdj AM_HGMWWH 7575. Ubdj ADVHGMWWH 7574. Ubdj AM_HGMWWH 7548.

Krndjhzdr bds mjsmôdjzds y mb prk`mskrdck. Cmsfrhghr mb idpd msfkbdr cmb iujhfhphk. Pmbdr pkr mb fuipbhihmjtk cm bd msfkbdrhcdc kgbhndtkrhd. Urknrdidr bds mjsmôdjzds cm rènhimj mspmfhdb.

»Udrthfhpdj bks iujhfhphks mj mb nkghmrjk cm bks fmjtrks mcufdthvks;

73=d)

Jk, bds mjthcdcms bkfdbms jk thmjmj msd fkipmtmjfhd.

73=g) trdvès cm sus cm sus rmprmsmjtdjtms rmprm smjtdjtms bksDcihjhstrdfhöj fkjsmoks msfkbdrms. fkjsmoks 73=f) Vé, Jk,dmsd fkipmtmjfhd fkipmtmjfh d fkrrmspkjcm fkrrmspkj cmmj d bd Dcihjhstrdfhö j Nmjmrdb Nmjmrdb cm bd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc DutöDutöjkid. 73=c) Vé, sh bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Dcihjhstrdfhöj Nmjmrdb cm bd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Dutöjkid cmbmnd cmbmnd chfad fkipmtmjfhd mj bds mjthcdcms bkfdbms. 730

Udrd bds mjsmôdjzds cm rènhimj mspmfhdb?

730d)

Bd dcihjhstrdfhöj dcihjhstrdfhöj mcufdthvd mcufdthvd cm bd FDUP pkcrä rmdbhzdr rmdbhzdr fkjvmjhks fkjvmjhks cm cm fkbdgkrdfhöj fkbdgkrdfhöj fkj fkj mb Cmpdrtdimjtk cm Mcufdfhöj cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk. 730g) Bd dcihjhstrdfhöj dcihjhstrdfhöj mcufdthvd cm bd FDUP FDUP pkcrä rmdbhzdr fkjvmjhks fkjvmjhks cm fkbdgkrdfhöj fkj bds fkrpkrdfhkjms bkfdbms. 730f) Mb Cmpdrtdimjt Cmpdrtdimjtkk cm Mcufdfhöj cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk jk thmjm fkipmtmjfhd. 730c) Bks iujhfhphks iujhfhphks thmjmj fkipmtmjfhd pdrd idrfdr idrfdr bds béjmds mstrdtènhfds.

=6

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

=3

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4= 

73>

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD rmspmftk d bds fhrfujsfrhpfhkjms msfkbdrms.

73>d)

Bd krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj tmrrhtkrhdb cm bks fmjtrks pÿgbhfks pÿgbhfks cm cm mjsmôdjzd mjsmôdjzd sm rmdbhzd d trdvès cm bds fhrfujsfrhpfhkjms msfkbdrms. 73>g) Vkj ujhcdcms ujhcdcms gäshfds gäshfds cm chstrhgufhöj tmrrhtkrhdb pdrd bd krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj y pbdjh`hfdfhöj cm bks smrvhfhks ckfmjtms. 73>f) Bd dcihjhstrdfhöj dcihjhstrdfhöj bkfdb frmd, ikch`hfd ikch`hfd y suprhim bds fhrfujsfrhpfhkjms fhrfujsfrhpfhkjms msfkbdrms. 73>c) Bd fhrfujsfrhpfhöj fhrfujsfrhpfhöj msfkbdr msfkbdr ms mb mb idrfk qum qum `hod bds ärmds cm hj`bumjfhd hj`bumjfhd cm bks fmjtrks fmjtrks fkj mb `hj cm ndrdjthzdr bd msfkbdrhzdfhöj cmb dbuijdck, dsé fkik bds fkjmxhkjms mjtrm fmjtrks. 731

Mb cmrmfak cm dffmsk d bks fmjtrks ckfmjtms. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd;

731d) Vm rmfkjkfm rmfkjkfm d bks pdcrms y tutkrms mb momrfhfhk momrfhfhk cmb cmrmfak cm bhgrm mbmffhöj cm fmjtrk. fmjtrk. 731g) Bds fhrfujsfrhpf fhrfujsfrhpfhkjms hkjms msfkbdrms msfkbdrms mstdgbmfmj mstdgbmfmj mb fmjtrk qum qum fkrrmspkjcm fkrrmspkjcm d fdcd dbuijk, dbuijk, jk mxhstm mb cmrmfak cm bhgrm mbmffhöj cm fmjtrk. 731f) Mstä bhihtdck mj tkck fdsk, yd qum qum mb iujhfhphk mstdgbmfm bks frhtmrhks kgomthvks cm dcihshöj d bks fmjtrks. 731c) Vmrä pkr bhgrm mbmffhöj mbmffhöj cm pdcrms y tutkrms< bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj mcufdthvd ndrdjthzdrä ndrdjthzdrä bks rmfursks mcufdthvks mj fdcd fmjtrk rmspmftk d bd mbmffhöj tktdb cm pbdzds. 738

Bks smrvhfhks cm dpkyk d bd mcufdfhöj?

738d) Shmjmj fkik kgomthvk dpkydr mj mj tdrmds cm idjtmjhihmjtk idjtmjhihmjtk d bks fmjtrks ckfmjtms. ckfmjtms. 738g) Ms uj smrvhfhk smrvhfhk mspmfhdbhzdck mspmfhdbhzdck ughfdck ughfdck mj fdcd fmjtrk ckfmjtm pdrd cdr dpkyk dpkyk mcufdthvk mcufdthvk db prk`mskrdck. 738f) Shmjmj fkik `ujfhöj, `ujfhöj, mjtrm mjtrm ktrds, dftudr dftudr fkik fmjtrk cm ckfuimjtdfhö ckfuimjtdfhöjj y prèstdik prèstdik cm rmfursks pmcdnönhfks y idtmrhdbms. 738c) Skcds bds rmspumstds skj fkrrmftds. 7=5

Bd hjspmffhöj cm mcufdfhöj?

7=5d) Shmjm fkik `ujfhöj prhjfhpdb mvdbudr d bks smrvhfhks smrvhfhks cm dpkyk d bd mcufdfhöj. 7=5g) Wmdbhzd bd mvdbudfhöj mvdbudfhöj tèfjhfk-pmcdnön tèfjhfk-pmcdnönhfd hfd cm bks bks fmjtrks ckfmjtms, ckfmjtms, cmb fkjoujtk cm cm èstks y cmb shstmid cm dpkyk. 7=5f) Vm mjfdrnd mjfdrnd cm bd hjspmffhöj tèfjhfd cm bks fmjtrks ckfmjtms y cm nmsthkjdr nmsthkjdr bks bks trdgdoks cm idjtmjhihmjtk qum cmgdj rmdbhzdrsm mj bks ihsiks. 7=5c) Ms uj smrvhfhk iujhfhpdb iujhfhpdb pdrd vmbdr pkr mb fuipbhihmjtk fuipbhihmjtk cm bd msfkbdrhcdc msfkbdrhcdc kgbhndtkrhd. kgbhndtkrhd. 7=4

Mb hj`krim prmvhk d bd cmfhshöj cmb Cmpdrtdimjtk cm Mcufdfhöj mj bks prkymftks y prknrdid cm bks fmjtrks qum sm cmsdrrkbbmj mj mb idrfk cm su dutkjkiéd pmcdnönhfd ms ujd `ujfhöj cm?

7=4d) 7=4g) 7=4f) 7=4c) 7=7

Mb Vmrvhfhk cm Dpkyk d bd Mcufdfhöj. Bd Hjspmffhöj cm Mcufdfhöj. Bd hjspmffhöj Dcihjhstrdthvd cm Vmrvhfhks. Mb iujhfhphk.

Vmnÿj bd jkridthvd skgrm cmrmfaks y cmgmrms cmb dbuijdck, »quhèj rmdbhzd `ujfhkjms rmbdthvds db rènhimj chsfhpbhjdrhk cm bks dbuijks;

7=7d)

Mb Vmrvhfhk cm Dpkyk d bd Mcufdfhöj.

7=7g) 7=7f) 7=7c)

Bd cm Mcufdfhöj. cm Vmrvhfhks. Bd Hjspmffhöj hjspmffhöj Dcihjhstrdthvd Mb iujhfhphk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4= 

7=6

Mb ckfuimjtk qum rm`bmod bd dutkjkiéd pmcdnönhfd cm bks fmjtrks ckfmjtms y cktd d fdcd ujk cm ujd pmrskjdbhcdc k hcmjthcdc ch`mrmjfhdcd, pbdjtmdjck bks vdbkrms y prhjfhphks qum dsuim bd fkiujhcdc mcufdthvd ms?

7=6d) 7=6g) 7=6f) 7=6c) 7=3

Mb prkymftk mcufdthvk mj bk rm`mrmjtm d bd mjsmôdjzd, pdrthmjck cm bds mjsmôdjzds iéjhids qum `hod bd dcihjhstrdfhöj cmb mstdck y cm bks fkjtmjhcks furrhfubdrms dprkgdcks pkr cmfrmtk pkr mb nkghmrjk vdsfk pdrd fdcd mtdpd mcufdthvd, ms?

7=3d) 7=3g) 7=3f) 7=3c) 7==

7=1

Mb prkymftk mcufdthvk cmb fmjtrk. Mb prkymftk furrhfubdr. Mb prkymftk cm nmsthöj. Mb rmnbdimjtk cm krndjhzdfhöj y `ujfhkjdihm `ujfhkjdihmjtk. jtk.

Vmnÿj bd Bmy cm bd msfumbd pÿgbhfd vdsfd, mb ikcmbk bhjnòésthfk mj mb qum mb furréfubk sm hipdrthrä mj muslmrd ms?

7=>d)

Mb ikcmbk D.

7=>g) 7=>f) 7=>c)

Mb Mb ikcmbk ikcmbk G. F. Mb ikcmbk C.

Mj què ikcmbk bhjnòésthfk sm hipdrthrä hipdrthrä bd bmjnud y bhtmrdturd fdstmbbdjd mj fdstmbbdjk;

7=1d) 7=1g) 7=1f) 7=1c) 7=8

Mb prkymftk mcufdthvk cmb fmjtrk. Mb prkymftk furrhfubdr. Mb prkymftk cm nmsthöj. Mb rmnbdimjtk cm krndjhzdfhöj y `ujfhkjdihm `ujfhkjdihmjtk. jtk.

Mb ckfuimjtk qum fkjthmjm bds jkrids qum ndrdjthzdj bd fkjvhvmjfhd y mb rmspmtk mjtrm bks ihmigrks cm bd fkiujhcdc mcufdthvd y mb usk dcmfudck cm bds cmpmjcmjfhds m hjstdbdfhkjms ms?

7=0d) 7=0g) 7=0f) 7=0c) 7=>

Mb prkymftk mcufdthvk cmb fmjtrk. Mb prkymftk furrhfubdr. Mb prkymftk cm nmsthöj. Mb rmnbdimjtk cm krndjhzdfhöj y `ujfhkjdihm `ujfhkjdihmjtk. jtk.

Mb ckfuimjtk qum rm`bmod bd krndjhzdfhöj y uthbhzdfhöj cm bks rmfursks fkj bks qum fumjtd mb fmjtrk pdrd bbmvdr d fdgk su prkymftk mcufdthvk ms?

7==d) 7==g) 7==f) 7==c) 7=0

Mb prkymftk mcufdthvk cmb fmjtrk. Mb prkymftk furrhfubdr. Mb prkymftk cm nmsthöj. Mb rmnbdimjtk cm krndjhzdfhöj y `ujfhkjdihm `ujfhkjdihmjtk. jtk.

Mb ikcmbk D. Mb ikcmbk G. Mb ikcmbk C. Mj bks trms ikcmbks bhjnòésthfks.

Mj bd mjsmôdjzd pkstkgbhndtkrhd, »què ikcmbks bhjnòésthfks sm k`mrtdj;

7=8d) 7=8g) 7=8f) 7=8c)

Mb ikcmbk D y G. Mb ikcmbk D y C. Mb ikcmbk G y C. Bks trms ikcmbks bhjnòésthfks.

==

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

=0

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4= 

705

]j fkjfmodb k rmprmsmjtdjtm cmb dyujtdihmjtk, »cm què örndjk cm bd fkiujhcdc mcufdthvd `krid pdrtm;

705d) 705g) 705f) 705c)

704

Cmb örndjk iäxhik cm rmprmsmjtdfhö rmprmsmjtdfhöjj k Fkjsmok Msfkbdr. Cmb mquhpk chrmfthvk. Cm bd dsdigbmd cm pdcrms y idcrms. Cm jhjnujk< yd qum uj fkjfmodb k rmprmsmjtd rmprmsmjtdjtm jtm cmb dyujtdih dyujtdihmjtk mjtk jk `krid pdrtm cm bd fkiujhcdc mcufdthvd.

Mb shstmid cm smbmffhöj cmb chrmftkr k chrmftkrd cm fmjtrks pÿgbhfks ckfmjtms. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd;

704d) Vm rmdbhzd pkr mb shstmid fkjfursk-kpk fkjfursk-kpkshfhöj. shfhöj. 704g) Vm rmdbhzd mxfbushvdimj mxfbushvdimjtm tm imchdjtm imchdjtm bd vdbkrdfhöj vdbkrdfhöj cm uj prkymftk prkymftk cm Chrmffhöj qum qum prmsmjtdj bds pmrskjds fdjchcdtds `ujfhkjdrhds cm fdrrmrd. 704f) Vm rmdbhzd imchdjtm shstmid shstmid cm vdbkrdfhöj cm ièrhtks y mb mb prkymftk cm Chrmffhöj cm fdcd fdjchcdtk/d. 704c) Mstä dghmrtk d tkcds bds pmrskjds pmrskjds `ujfhkjdrhds `ujfhkjdrhds cm cm fdrrmrd cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 707

Mb fbdustrk fbdustrk cm prk`mskrms y prk`mskrds. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd; fkrrmftd;

707d) Mstä hjtmnrdck pkr mb =5% +4 cmb prk`mskr prk`mskrdck dck cmb fmjtrk. 707g) Mstä prmshchc prmshchckk pkr uj rmprmsmjtdjtm rmprmsmjtdjtm mbmnhck mbmnhck mjtrm bd tktdbhcdc cm cm prk`mskrms prk`mskrms y prk`mskprk`mskrds cmb fmjtrk. 707f) Mstä prmshchck pkr uj rmprmsmjtd rmprmsmjtdjtm jtm mbmnhck mjtrm mb =5% +4 cmb prk`mskrd prk`mskrdck ck cmb fmjtrk. 707c) Mstä hjtmnrdck hjtmnrdck pkr bd tktdbhcdc tktdbhcdc cmb prk`mskrdck cmb fmjtrk. 706

Mb mquhpk chrmfthvk cmb fmjtrk mcufdthvk. Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD.

706d)) 706d

Mstä fkipumstk pkr bks shnuhmjtms ihmigrks? chrmftkr/d, mb om`m/d cm mstuchks, bd smfrmtdrhd/k, y mj su fdsk, mb dcihjhstrdckr/d cmb fmjtrk. 706g) Mjtrm sus `ujfhkjms mstäj mbdgkrdr mbdgkrdr y dprkgdr dprkgdr mb prkymftk prkymftk furrhfubdr furrhfubdr y mb prknrdid cm cm dfthvhcdcms ckfmjtms cmb fmjtrk. 706f) Mb mquhpk mquhpk chrmfthvk chrmfthvk rmdbhzd, mjtrm ktrks ktrks ckfuimjtks, ckfuimjtks, mb mb prknrdid prknrdid djudb cm nmsthöj, nmsthöj, qum qum smrä pumstk d chspkshfhöj cmb Örndjk Iäxhik cm Wmprmsmjtdfhöj cmb fmjtrk pdrd qum bk dprumgm. 706c) ]jd `ujfhöj `ujfhöj prhjfhpdb prhjfhpdb ms bd krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj cm bks bks mquhpks mquhpks ckfmjtms. ckfmjtms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 40 

Smid 40 703

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Dcihjhstrdfhkjm s Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU), ( BUDFDU), bks hjtmrmsdcks skj? 703d) 703g) 703f) 703c)

70=

Mj bk qum sm rm`hmrm d bks cmrmfaks qum fkrrmspkjcmj fkrrmspkjcmj d fudbquhmr pmrskjd, pmrskjd, ujd cm`hfhmjtm hj`kridfhöj skgrm mb momrfhfhk cm bks cmrmfaks mj mb äightk `umrd cm uj prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk, pkcrä nmjmrdr mvmjtudbimjtm, pkr mb hjfkrrmftk hjfkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cmb smrvhfhk? 70=d) 70=g) 70=f) 70=c)

700

]jd rmspkjsdghbhcdc pdtrhikjhdb cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds. ]jd rmspkjsdghbhcdc mj fbdvm krndjhzdthvd k chsfhpbhjdrhd. Fkjsmfumjfhds mj mb dftk dcihjhstrdthvk qum sm chftm. Bd rmspumstd d) y g) skj digds fkrrmftds.

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU), tmjcräj fdpdfhcdc cm kgrdr djtm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds? 700d) 700g) 700f) 700c)

70>

Tuhmjms pdrthfhpdj mj mb äightk cm uj prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk. Fudbquhmr pmrskjd qum sm rmbdfhkjm fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. Bks fhucdcdjks. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Bds pmrskjds `éshfds k ouréchfds qum kstmjtmj fdpdfhcdc cm kgrdr fkj drrmnbk d bds jkrids fhvhbms. Bks imjkrms cm mcdc, mj tkcks bks fdsks. Bks nrupks cm d`mftdcks, d`mftdcks, bds ujhkjms k mjthcdcms fkj pmrskjdbhcdc ouréchfd. Skcds bds rmspumstds prmvhds skj fkrrmftds.

Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds qum qum sm rmbdfhkjmj rmbdfhkjmj fkj bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjm Dcihjhstrdfhkjms s Uÿgbhfds thmjmj cmrmfak? cmrmfak? 70>d) 70>g) 70>f) 70>c)

D fkiujhfdrsm fkj bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds Uÿgbhfds d trdvès cm uj Uujtk cm Dffmsk Nmjmrdb mbmftröjhfk cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. D smr trdtdcks fkj rmspmtk y cm`mrmjfhd pkr bds dutkrhcdcms y mipbmdcks pÿgbhfks. D mxhnhr bds rmspkjsdghbhcdcms cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds y dutkrhcdcms, fudjck dsé fkrrmspkjcd bmndbimjtm. Skcds bds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

=>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

=1

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 40 

701

Fkj`krim db drtéfubk 43 cm bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU), bd kgbhndfhöj cm rmbdfhkjdrsm mbmftröjhfdimjtm fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj…

701d)

ßjhfdimjtm sm hipkjm hipkjm fkj fdräftmr nmjmrdb y mjtrm ktrks, d bds pmrskjds pmrskjds ouréchfds, ouréchfds, mjthcdcms shj pmrskjdbhcdc ouréchfd k mipbmdck mipbmdckss cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 701g) Jk mxhstm chfad kgbhndfhöj. 701f) Vm hipkjm hipkjm fkj fdräftmr nmjmrdb nmjmrdb tdjtk d pmrskjds ouréchfds, mjthcdcms mjthcdcms shj pmrskjdbhcdc ouréchfd y d pmrskjds `éshfds. 701c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 708

Bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU) mstdgbmfm qum?

708d)

Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds ouréchfds pumcmj mbmnhr sh sm rmbdfhkjdj rmbdfhkjdj pkr imchks imchks mbmftröjhfks mbmftröjhfks k jk fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd. 708g) Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds `éshfds pumcmj pumcmj mbmnhr sh sm rmbdfhkjdj rmbdfhkjdj pkr imchks mbmftröjhfks mbmftröjhfks k jk fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd. 708f) Bds rmspumstds d) y g) skj fkrrmftds. 708c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 7>5

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU)?

7>5d)

Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds ouréchfds y `éshfds pumcmj pumcmj mbmnhr sh sm rmbdfhkjdj rmbdfhkjdj pkr imchks mbmftröjhfks k jk fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd. 7>5g) Bds pmrskjds pmrskjds `éshfds pumcmj pumcmj mbmnhr mbmnhr ikch`hfdr ikch`hfdr mb imchk imchk cm fkiujhfdfhöj fkj bd DcihjhsDcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd mbmnhck prmvhdimjtm. 7>5f) Bds rmspumstds d) y g) skj fkrrmftds. 7>5c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 7>4

Wmspmftk db cmrmfak d uthbhzdr bds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms cm dfumrck d bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU)? (B UDFDU)?

7>4d) Mstm cmrmfak sm dpbhfdrä mj tkck mb tmrrhtkrhk jdfhkjdb. 7>4g) Vm dpbhfdrä mj mb tmrrhtkrhk tmrrhtkrhk cm fdcd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Dutöjkid fuyk Mstdtutk cm Dutkjkiéd adyd cmfbdrdck fkik su tmrrhtkrhk bd bmjnud prkphd cm qum trdtm. tk cm DutkFudbquhmr bmjnud oujtkk`hfhdb fkj mbmjfdstmbbdjk fdstmbbdj k cmfbdrdcd cmfbdrdc d fkik k`hfhdb pkr sm pkr mb Mstdtutk Mstdtu jkiéd fkjfrmtk, sm pkcrä uthbhzdr mj fudbquhmr Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid Dutöjkid fkj bmjnud prkphd. 7>4c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 7>4f)

7>7

Vmnÿj d bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU), bks hjtmrmsdcks qum sm chrhodj d bks örndjks cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Nmjmrdb cmb Mstdck fkj smcm mj mb tmrrhtkrhk cm ujd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid…

7>7d) Ukcräj uthbhzdr tdighèj tdighèj bd bmjnud qum smd fkk`hfhdb fkk`hfhdb mj msd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. 7>7g) Cmgmräj uuthbhzdr thbhzdr oujtk fkj mb fdstmbbdjk, bd bmjnud qum smd fkk`hfhdb mj msd Fkiujhcdc Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. 7>7f) Bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj digds fkrrmftds. 7>7c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 40 

7>6

Wmspmftk db cmrmfak d uthbhzdr bds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms cm dfumrck d bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU). (B UDFDU).

7>6d)

Bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd hjstruftkrd cmgmrä trdcufhr db fdstmbbdjk bks ckfuimjtks, ckfuimjtks, mxpmchmjtms k pdrtms cm bks ihsiks qum cmgdj surthr m`mftks `umrd cmb tmrrhtkrhk cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. 7>6g) Bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd Uÿgbhfd hjstruftkrd hjstruftkrd cmgmrä trdcufhr db fdstmbbdjk bks bks ckfuimjtks ckfuimjtks chrhchrhnhcks d bks hjtmrmsdcks qum dsé bk skbhfhtmj mxprmsdimjtm. Jk smrä prmfhsd su trdcuffhöj db fdstmbbdjk sh bks ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtks, s, mxpmchmjtms mxpmchmjtms k pdrtms cm bks ihsiks cmghmrdj surthr m`mftks mj mb tmrrhtkrhk cm ujd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid ckjcm smd fkk`hfhdb msd ihsid bmjnud chsthjtd cmb fdstmbbdjk. 7>6c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 7>6f)

7>3

Vmnÿj d bd Bmy 68/754=, cm 4 cm kftugrm, cmb Urkfmchihmjtk Dcihjhstrdthvk Fkiÿj cm bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms Uÿgbhfds (BUDFDU), mj bks prkfmchihmjtks trdihtdcks pkr bds Dcihjhstrdfhkjms cm bds Fkiujhcdcms Dutöjkids y cm bds Mjthcdcms Bkfdbms?

7>3d) Mb usk cm bd bmjnud sm doustdrä d bk prmvhstk prmvhstk mj bd bmnhsbdfhöj bmnhsbdfhöj mstdtdb y murkpmd. murkpmd. 7>3g) Mb usk cm bd bmjnud sm doustdrä söbk d bk prmvhstk mj bd bmnhsbdfhöj mstdtdb. 7>3f) Mb usk cm bd bmjnud sm doustdrä d bk prmvhstk prmvhstk mj bd bmnhsbdfhöj dutkjöihfd fkrrmspkjchmjtm. 7>3c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 7>=

Mb drtéfubk 0 cm bd Bmy 45/4817, cm 73 cm jkvhmigrm, gäshfd cm jkridbhzdfhöj cmb usk cmb muslmrd?

7>=d)

Wmfkjkfm d tkcks bks fhucdcdjks fhucdcdjks mb cmrmfak d usdr tdjtk tdjtk mb muslmrd fkik fkik mb fdstmbbdjk mj sus rmbdfhkjms fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd mj mb äightk tmrrhtkrhdb cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. 7>=g) Wmfkjkfm d tkcks bks fhucdcdjks mb cmrmfak d smr dtmjchcks mj bd bmjnud k`hfhdb qum mbhodj. 7>=f) Mj bks mxpmchmjtm mxpmchmjtmss k prkfmchihmjtks prkfmchihmjtks mj bks qum hjtmrvmjnd hjtmrvmjnd iäs cm ujd pmrskjd, bks bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks uthbhzdräj dqumbbd bmjnud qum mstdgbmzfdj cm iutuk dfumrck bds pdrtms qum fkjfurrdj. 7>=c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 7>0

Mb drtéfubk 1 cm bd Bmy 45/4817, cm 73 cm jkvhmigrm, gäshfd cm jkridbhzdfhöj cmb usk cmb muslmrd, mstdgbmfm qum?

7>0d)

Skcd chspkshfhöj chspkshfhöj jkridthvd k rmskbufhöj k`hfhdb qum midjm cm cm bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks shtks mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk, cmgmrä mstdr rmcdftdcd mj `krid ghbhjnòm d m`mftks cm pugbhfhcdc k`hfhdb. 7>0g) Skck dftk mj mb qum hjtmrvmjnd hjtmrvmjndjj bks pkcmrms pÿgbhfks shtks mj bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid cmb Udés Pdsfk, dsé fkik bds jkth`hfdfhkjms y fkiujhfdfhkjms dcihjhstrdthvds, cmgmräj hr rmcdftdcks mj `krid ghbhjnòm, sdbvk qum bks hjtmrmsdcks prhvdcks mbhodj mxprmsdimjtm bd uthbhzdfhöj cm ujd cm bds bmjnuds k`hfhdbms cm bd Fkiujhcdc Dutöjkid. Dutöjkid. 7>0f) Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. 7>0c) Jh bd rmspumstd d) jh bd g) skj fkrrmftds.

=8

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

05

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 40 

7>>

Bd Bmy 48/7546, cm 8 cm chfhmigrm, cm trdjspdrmjfhd, dffmsk d bd hj`kridfhöj pÿgbhfd y gumj nkghmrjk chspkjm qum?

7>>d)

Bd jkridthvd jkridthvd rmnubdckrd rmnubdckrd cmb fkrrmspkjchmj fkrrmspkjchmjtm tm prkfmchihmjtk prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk smrä bd dpbhfdgbm db dffmsk pkr pdrtm cm quhmjms tmjndj bd fkjchfhöj cm hjtmrmsdcks mj uj prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk mj fursk d bks ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtkss qum sm hjtmnrmj mj mb ihsik. 7>>g) Bd jkridthvd rmnubdckrd cmb fkrrmspkjchmjtm fkrrmspkjchmjtm prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk dcihjhstrdthvk dcihjhstrdthvk smrä bd dpbhfdgbm db dffmsk pkr pdrtm cm bks fhucdcdjks mj uj prkfmchihmjtk dcihjhstrdthvk mj fursk d bks ckfuimjtks qum sm hjtmnrmj mj mb ihsik. 7>>f) Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. 7>>c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 7>1

Udrd ndrdjthzdr mb fkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bks smrvhfhks pÿgbhfks y bd kgsmrvdjfhd cm bds kgbhndfhkjms pkr pdrtm cmb pmrskjdb dcihjhstrdthvk…

7>1d)

Vm mstdgbmfmj fdjdbms cm fkiujhfdfhö fkiujhfdfhöj, j, qum pmrihtmj db fhucdcdjk pkjmr mj fkjkfhihmjtk mb hjfkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 7>1g) Vm mstdgbmfmj fdjdbms cm qumods qum pmrihtmj db fhucdcdjk pkjmr mj fkjkfhihmjtk mb hjfkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 7>1f) Vm mstdgbmfmj fdjdbms cm sunmrmjfhds qum pmrihtmj db fhucdcdjk pkjmr mj fkjkfhihmjtk mb hjfkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 7>1c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 7>8

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 0/4818, cm 0 cm oubhk, cm bd @ujfhöj Uÿgbhfd Pdsfd?

7>8d)

Ms hj`rdffhöj bmvm, bd bhnmrd bhnmrd hjfkrrmffhöj hjfkrrmffhöj fkj mb pÿgbhfk, pÿgbhfk, supmrhkrms, supmrhkrms, fkipdômrks fkipdômrks k sugkrchjdcks. 7>8g) Ms hj`rdffhöj nrdvm, bd `dbtd nrdvm cm fkjshcmrdfhöj fkjshcmrdfhöj fkj bks bks dcihjhstrdcks. dcihjhstrdcks. 7>8f) Ms hj`rdffhöj iuy nrdvm, nrdvm, tkcd dftudfhöj qum supkjnd chsfrhihjdfhöj pkr rdzöj rdzöj cm rdzd, smxk, rmbhnhöj, bmjnud, kphjhöj, bundr cm jdfhihmjtk k vmfhjcdc k fudbquhmr ktrd fkjchfhöj k fhrfujstdjfhd pmrskjdb k skfhdb. 7>8c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 715

Bd `hrid mbmftröjhfd…

715d)

Vm fkj`hnurd fkj`hnurd fkik mb fkjoujtk fkjoujtk cm cdtks prmsmjtdcks prmsmjtdcks mj uj skpkrtm skpkrtm cm fdräftmr mbmftröjhfk, fkjshnjdcks oujtk d ktrks k dskfhdcks fkj mbbks, qum pumcmj smr uthbhzdcks fkik imchk cm hcmjth`hfdfhöj cmb `hridjtm y, mj su fdsk, bd cmb ckfuimjtk qum fkjthmjm y db qum sm hjfkrpkrd bd `hrid `hr id mj fumsthöj. 715g) Ms uj imfdjhsik väbhck pdrd bd hcmjth`hfdfhöj hcmjth`hfdfhöj cmb `hridjtm cm idjmrd hjmquévkfd, hjmquévkfd, cm tdb idjmrd qum dsmnurd bd hjtmnrhcdc cmb ckfuimjtk `hridck, ndrdjthzdjck qum jk ad su`rhck dbtmrdfhöj k idjhpubdfhöj idjhpubdfhöj.. 715f) Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. 715c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 714

Mb Wmnbdimjtk Nmjmrdb cm Urktmffhöj cm Cdtks (WNUC) cm`hjm bks cdtks pmrskjdbms fkik…

714d) 714g) 714f) 714c)

Vkbk bks rm`mrhcks db CJH cm ujd pmrskjd. Skcd hj`kridfhöj skgrm ujd pmrskjd `éshfd hcmjth`hfdcd hcmjth`hfdcd k hcmjth`hfdgbm. hcmjth`hfdgbm. Vkbk bks rm`mrhcks d bd sdbuc cm ujd pmrskjd. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4> 

Smid 4> 717

Bd chnhtdbhzdfhöj cm smrvhfhks mj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj…

717d) uj prkfmsk fkipbmok dÿj jk sm ad hjhfhdck. 717g) Ms Vupkjm bd mbhihjdfhöj mbhihjdfhö j cmqum bd dtmjfhöj prmsmjfhdb mj tkcks bks äightks cm dftudfhöj dftudfhöj cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 717f) Fkjbbmvd bd bd trdjs`kridfhöj cm uj prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtk tk djdbönhfk djdbönhfk (fkjvmjfhkjdb) (fkjvmjfhkjdb) d uj smrvhfhk mbmftröjhfk. 717c) Vupkjm ujd nrdj imokrd pdrd bd fhucdcdjéd, fhucdcdjéd, pmrk bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj phmrcm mj mj m`hfdfhd y mj m`hfhmjfhd. 716

Mb Wmdb Cmfrmtk 751/4880, cm 8 cm `mgrmrk, pkr mb qum sm rmnubdj bks smrvhfhks cm hj`kridfhöj dcihjhstrdthvd y dtmjfhöj db fhucdcdjk, mstdgbmfm qum mj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj pkr hj`kridfhöj nmjmrdb sm mjthmjcm?

716d)

Skcd dqumbbd dqumbbd hj`kridfhöj cm fdräftmr fdräftmr dcihjhstrdthvk dcihjhstrdthvk rmbdfhkjdcd rmbdfhkjdcd fkj bd hcmjth`hfdfhöj, hcmjth`hfdfhöj, `hjms y fkipmtmjfhd cm bd ujhcdc dcihjhstrdthvd. 716g) Skcd dqumbbd dqumbbd hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj cm fdräftmr dcihjhstrdthvk rmbdfhkjdcd fkj bd mstrufturd, `uj`ujfhkjdihmjtk y bkfdbhzdfhöj cm krndjhsiks y ujhcdcms dcihjhstrdthvds. 716f) Bd qum sm rm`hmrm d bd trdihtdfhöj trdihtdfhöj cm prkfmchihmj prkfmchihmjtks, tks, d bks bks smrvhfhks pÿgbhfks y prmstdfhkjms. 716c) Skcds skj fhmrtds. 713

Djtm ujd qumod k rmfbdidfhöj, mb mipbmdck pÿgbhfk?

713d) Cmgm idjtmjmr ujd dfthtuc dfthtuc pdshvd y cm `dbtd cm hjtmrès pdrd pdrd ikstrdr su hipdrfhdbhcdc. hipdrfhdbhcdc. 713g) Jk cmgm cmgm pmrihthr qum bd pmrskjd qum qum prmsmjtd prmsmjtd bd qumod idjh`hmstm idjh`hmstm su idbmstdr, rmfrhihjäjckbm mcufdcdimjtm. 713f) ßjhfdimjtm cmgm hj`kridr hj`kridr d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd cm qum trdsbdcdrä su qumod d su supmrhkr, supmrhkr, shj mjtrdr mj iäs vdbkrdfhkjms. 713c) Jhjnujd ms fkrrmftd.

04

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

07

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 4> 

71=

Mb Wmdb Cmfrmtk 751/4880, cm 8 cm `mgrmrk, pkr mb qum sm rmnubdj bks smrvhfhks cm hj`kridfhöj dcihjhstrdthvd y dtmjfhöj db fhucdcdjk, mstdgbmfm qum bd hj`kridfhöj pdrthfubdr…

71=d)

Ms bd qum qum fkjfhmrjm fkjfhmrjm d bks bks prkfmchihmjtks prkfmchihmjtks mj trdihtdfhöj y d dqumbbks mbmimjtks y dnmjtms dskfhdcks d bd ihsid. 71=g) Vöbk pumcm pumcm smr smr `dfhbhtdcd d bds pmrskjds pmrskjds hjtmrmsdcds k d sus sus rmprmsmjtdjtms rmprmsmjtdjtms bmndbms. bmndbms. 71=f) Uumcm adfmr rm`mrmjfhd rm`mrmjfhd d cdtks cm fdräftmr pmrskjdb pmrskjdb qum d`mftdj d bd hjthihcdc k d bd prhvdfhcdc cm bds pmrskjds `éshfd. 71=c) Skcds skj fkrrmftds. 710

Djtm ujd qumod k rmfbdidfhöj, mb mipbmdck pÿgbhfk?

710d)

Cmgm cdr cdr bd rdzöj rdzöj db rmfbdidjtm dujqum mstk supkjnd supkjnd cmsprmsthnhdr cmsprmsthnhdr bd pkbéthfd k bd nmsnmsthöj cm bd dcihjhstrdfhöj. 710g) Jujfd cmgm dcihthr qum sm adj fkimthck mrrkrms. 710f) Jk cmgm cmgm chsfuthr jh mj`rmjtdrsm mj`rmjtdrsm fkj bd bd pmrskjd pmrskjd qum qum rmfbdid. 710c) Cmgm cdr cdr bd hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj cm cm bd `krid iäs mxadusthvd pkshgbm, pkshgbm, fkj rm`mrmjfhds rm`mrmjfhds jkridthjkridthvds, cm ourhsprucmjfhd y ghgbhknrä`hfds. 71>

Mb Wmdb Cmfrmtk 600/755>, cm 40 cm idrzk, mstdgbmfm bds fkjchfhkjms cm dffmshghbhcdc y jk chsfrhihjdfhöj cm bds pmrskjds fkj chsfdpdfhcdc y prmtmjcm?

71>d)

Ndrdjthzdr bd hnudbcdc cm kpkrtujhcdcm kpkrtujhcdcms, s, bd jk chsfrhihjdfhöj chsfrhihjdfhöj pkr rdzöj cm chsfdpdfhcdc chsfdpdfhcdc y bd dffmshghbhcdc ujhvmrsdb. 71>g) Fkipmjsdr bds cmsvmjtdods cmsvmjtdods qum bds pmrskjds pmrskjds fkj chsfdpdfhcdc puchmrdj prmsmjtdr mj mj sus rmbdfhkjms fkj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj. 71>f) Bd mbhihjdfhöj mbhihjdfhöj y fkrrmffhöj cm fudbquhmr fudbquhmr jkrid, jkrid, frhtmrhk, frhtmrhk, hjstruffhöj, hjstruffhöj, dftudfhöj, dftudfhöj, präfthfd k cmfhshöj qum supkjnd ujd vubjmrdfhöj cm bd hnudbcdc cm kpkrtujhcdcms cm bds pmrskjds fkj chsfdpdfhcdc. 71>c) Skcds skj fkrrmftds. 711

Vmnÿj bds Chrmftrhfms Murkpmds pdrd Nmjmrdr Hj`kridfhöj cm bmfturd `äfhb, bks ckfuimjtks msfrhtks?

711d) 711g) 711f) 711c)

Cmgmj uthbhzdr uj bmjnudom shipbm y chrmftk chrmftk fkj `rdsms fkrtds. Jk cmgmj hjfbuhr chguoks, nrä`hfks k séigkbks. Cmgmj hjfbuhr cm `krid mquhbhgrdcd `rdsms d`hridthvds y jmndthvds. jmndthvds. Cmgmj hjfbuhr dgrmvhdturds m hjhfhdbms d `hj cm adfmr adfmr iäs fkiprmjshgbm mb tmxtk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 41 

Smid 41 718

Mj rmbdfhöj fkj bd fkiujhfdfhöj msfrhtd, ms fhmrtk qum?

718d) 718g) 718f) 718c) 785

»Fkj fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms tmxtks dskfhdréds bd uthbhzdfhöj cmb bmjnudom dcihjhstrdthvk;

785d) 785g) 785f) 785c) 784

Bd smjfhbbmz. Mb bmjnudom bbdjk. Mb dgusk cmb msthbk hipmrskjdb. Mb rhtik.

Vmôdbm fuäb fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms shnuhmjtms ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd fdrdftmrésthfd cmb bmjnudom dcihjhstrdthvk.

787d) 787g) 787f) 787c) 786

]j fkrrmk mbmftröjhfk. ]j VIV ]j k`hfhk dcihjhstrdthvk. ]jd bmy.

Vmôdbm fuäb fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms shnuhmjtms ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd fdrdftmrésthfd cmb bmjnudom dcihjhstrdthvk.

784d) 784g) 784f) 784c) 787

Ms shiubtäjmd. Bd rmtrkdbhimjtdfhöj ms hjimchdtd. Umridjmfm mj mb thmipk. Bd chstdjfh chstdjfhdd jk ms uj hipmchimjtk.

Mb usk cm dgrmvhdturds. Bd dusmjfhd cm bdthjhsiks. Mb usk cm tmfjhfhs tmfjhfhsiks iks pkfk fkjkfhcks pkr bd fhucdcdjéd fhucdcdjéd.. Bd dusmjfhd cm `rdsms cm msthbk hipmrskjdb.

Mjtrm bds prkpumstds cm imokrd cmb bmjnudom dcihjhstrdthvk, smôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms bd fkrrmftd.

786d) Kgvhdr bd pmrskjd rmfmptkrd. 786g) Jk tmjmr mj fumjtd bd mxtmjshöj mxtmjshöj cm bks pärrd`ks. 786f) fumjtd mxtmjshöj cm bds `rdsms. 786c) Jk Jk tmjmr dgusdrmjcmb msthbkbdjkihjdb.

06

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

03

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 41 

783

Mjtrm bds prkpumstds cm imokrd cmb bmjnudom dcihjhstrdthvk, smôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms bd fkrrmftd.

783d) 783g) 783f) 783c) 78=

Wmspmftk d bd uthbhzdfhöj cmb bmjnudom jk smxhstd, smôdbm bd kpfhöj dcmfudcd.

78=d) 78=g) 78=f) 78=c) 780

Dgusdr cm bd vkz pdshvd. ]thbhzdr mb msthbk jmndthvk. ]thbhzdfhöj hjchsfrhihjdcd cm shnbds. ]thbhzdfhöj cm uj bèxhfk fmrfdjk db mstäjcdr.

Hjtmrmsdck. HjtmrmsdcE. Mb/bd hjtmrmsdck/d. Umrskjd hjtmrmsdcd.

Wmspmftk db usk jk smxhstd cmb bmjnudom, smôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd. fkrrmftd.

780d) ]thbhzd bks sdbtks smiäjthfks. 780g) Fdbh`hfd d bds iuomrms pkr su dspmftk `éshfk. 780f) Mipbmd akigrm  fkik  fkik nmjèrhfk shjnubdr. 780c) Fuhcd bds hiänmjms qum sm mxpkjmj. 78>

Vh tmjmiks mj fumjtd bd `hjdbhcdc cm bks ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks, mstks pkcräj smr?

78>d) 78>g) 78>f) 78>c) 781

Ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks. ]jd jkth`hfdfhöj, ms uj ckfuimjtk?

781d) 781g) 781f) 781c) 788

Cm cmfhshöj. Cm trdjsihshöj. Cm fkjstdtdfhöj. Cm ouhfhk.

Mstrufturd cm bks ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks. Vmôdbm fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms JK   `krid pdrtm cm bd mstrufturd cm uj ckfuimjtk dcihjhstrdthvk.

655d) 655g) 655f) 655c) 654

Cm cmfhshöj. Cm trdjsihshöj. Cm fkjstdtdfhöj. Cm ouhfhk.

Ckfuimjtks dcihjhstrdthvks. ]j chftdimj, ms uj ckfuimjtk?

788d) 788g) 788f) 788c) 655

Wmskbuthvks. Cm trdjsihshöj. Cm fkjstdtdfhöj. Skcds bds rmspumstds skj fkrrmftds.

Mb mjfdgmzdihmjt mjfdgmzdihmjtk. k. Mb fumrpk. Bds fkjfbushkjm fkjfbushkjms. s. Mb phm.

Vmôdbm fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms mbmimjtks cmgmrä `hnurdr mj mb mjfdgmzdihmjtk cm uj ckfuimjtk dcihjhstrdthvk.

654d)

Mb bundr y bd `mfad.

654g) fdrnk cm bd qum pmrskjd pmrskjd `hrid mb ckfuimjtk. 654f) Mb Bksfdrnk rmfursks mj suqum fdsk pkcräj prmsmjtdrsm prmsmjtdr sm fkjtrd bk rmsumbtk mj mb ckfuimjtk. 654c) Mb cmsthjdtdrhk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 41 

657

Vmôdbm fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms mbmimjtks cmgmrä `hnurdr mj mb phm cm uj ckfuimjtk dcihjhstrdthvk.

657d) 657g) 657f) 657c) 656

Vmôdbm fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms ms bd idjmrd fkrrmftd cm msfrhghr mb bundr y bd `mfad mj uj ckfuimjtk dcihjhstrdthvk.

656d) 656g) 656f) 656c) 653

Mb bundr mj mb qum sm ad `hridck mb ckfuimjtk. Bd `mfad `mfad mj bd qum qum sm fkihmjzd d mbdgkrdr mbdgkrdr mb ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtk.. Bd `hrid cmb dutkr ouréchfk. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Mj PhtkrhdPhtkrhd-Ndstmhz Ndstmhz,, d 40 cm jkvhmigrm cm 7575. Phtkrhd-Ndstmhz, 40 cm jkvhmigrm cm 7575. Phtkrhd-Ndstmhz, 40 cm jkvhmigrm cm 7.575. Phtkrhd-Ndstmhz, d 40 cm Jkvhmigrm cm 7575.

Vmôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd cm bds `hjdbhcdcms cm uj fdrtmb.

653d) 653g) 653f) 653c)

Wmskbvmr uj rmfursk. Dcvmrthr cm uj pmbhnrk. Juimrdr uj mxpmchmjtm. Hjtrkcufhr uj chftdimj.

0=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

00

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 48 

Smid 48 65=

Bd fkiujhfdfhöj krdb?

65=d) 65=g) 65=f) 65=c) 650

Umrcurd mj mb thmipk. Cmpmjcm cmb bmjnudom vmrgdb. Mb prkfmsk cm fkiujhfdfh fkiujhfdfhöj öj kfurrm mj ch`mrhck. Jk cmpmjcm cmpmjcm cm ktrks rmfursks rmfursks pdrd pdrd fkipbmtdr fkipbmtdr bd fkiujhfdfhöj.

Udrd ndrdjthzdr bd m`hfdfhd cm bd fkiujhfdfhöj krdb, cmgmrmiks?

650d) 650g)

Idjtmjmr shmiprm mb ihsik jhvmb cm bmjnudom Jk tmjmr mj fumjtd bks béihtms cm bks kymjtms, fkj mb `hj cm dsmnurdrjks cm qum shmiprm k`rmfmiks mxdftdimjtm bd ihsid hj`kridfhöj. 650f) Smjmr mj fumjtd bds fhrfujstdjfhds cmb bundr. 650c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj hjfkrrmftds. 65>

Mjtrm bks fkjsmoks qum sm k`rmfmj pdrd imokrdr imokrdr bd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj vmrgdb JK  sm   sm mjfumjtrd mb shnuhmjtm?

65>d) 65>g) 65>f) 65>c) 651

Djtms cm rmspkjcm rmspkjcmr, r, krndjhzd tus hcmds. ]thbhzd skgrm tkck `rdsms pdshvds mj bundr cm dfthvds. Hjfbuym db fhucdcdjk mj bd mxpbhfdfhöj. Urkpkrfhkjd mj prhimr bundr bundr bd hj`kridfhöj iäs hipkrtdjtm hipkrtdjtm y cmspuès bd fkipbmimjtdrhd. fkipbmimjtdrhd.

Mjtrm bks fkjsmoks qum sm k`rmfmj pdrd imokrdr imokrdr bd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj vmrgdb JK  sm   sm mjfumjtrd mb shnuhmjtm?

651d) 651g) 651f) 651c)

Wmfurrm d bds `krids hipmrskjdbms cmb vmrgk. ]thbhzd prmnujtds rmtörhfds. Dbucm d fumsthkjms trdtdcds djtmrhkrimjtm. Imjfhkjd bks fkjkfhihmjt fkjkfhihmjtks ks cmb kymjtm.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 48 

658

Mjtrm bks fkjsmoks qum sm k`rmfmj pdrd imokrdr imokrdr bd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj vmrgdb JK  sm   sm mjfumjtrd mb shnuhmjtm?

658d) 658g) 658f) 658c) 645

Urhkrhzdr bds krdfhkjms d`hridthvds skgrm bds jmndthvds. ]thbhzdr bks tmfjhfhsiks, dujqum jk smdj jmfmsdrhks. Mxpbhfdr db fhucdcdjk fhucdcdjk cöjcm pumcm mjfkjtrdr hj`kridfhöj fkipbmimj fkipbmimjtdrhd. tdrhd. Dprkvmfadr bks rmfursks rmbdthvks d bd fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb.

Vmôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd cm bds ch`mrmjfhds msmjfhdbms mjtrm bd fkiujhfdfhöj krdb y bd fkiujhfdfhöj msfrhtd

645d)

Bd fkiuj fkiujhfdfhöj hfdfhöj krdb k`rmfm imjks imjks rmfursks qum bd fkiujhfdfhöj msfrhtd cm fdrd db `mmcgdfl  y  y d ujd rmbdfhöj fmrfdjd. 645g) Mj bd fkiujhfdfhöj krdb jk fdgm bd hiprkvhsdfhöj. 645f) Mj mb bmjnudom krdb sm sumbmj fkimtmr imjks imjks mrrkrms mrrkrms bhjnòésthfks bhjnòésthfks qum mj mb msfrhtk. 645c) Ukcmiks dcmfudr mb mb rmnhstrk cmb bmjnudom bmjnudom krdb curdjtm bd mxpkshfhöj sh skspmfadiks skspmfadiks qum rmsubtd jmfmsdrhk. 644

Vmôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd cm bd fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb.

644d)

Bd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb y bd vmrgdb jk sm fkipbmimjtdj fkipbmimjtdj y jk pumcmj pumcmj smr uthbhzdcds d bd vmz. 644g) Bks imjsdoms imjsdoms jk jk vmrgdbms vmrgdbms adj cm smr hjtmrprmtdcks shmiprm cm idjmrd idjmrd dhsbdcd. dhsbdcd. 644f) Bks shnjks cm fkiujhfdfh fkiujhfdfhöj öj jk vmrgdbms pumcmj vdrhdr mj `ujfhöj cm bds shtudfhkjms. 644c) Bd fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb ms mvhtdgbm mvhtdgbm mj cmtmrihjdcds cmtmrihjdcds fhrfujstdjfhds. 647

Mb shstmid lhjèshfk cm bd fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb, fkjtmipbd?

647d) 647g) 647f) 647c) 646

»Fuäb ms mb kgomtk cm mstuchk cm bd Urkxèihfd;

646d) 646g) 646f) 646c) 643

Bks ikvhihmjtk ikvhihmjtkss fkrpkrdbms fkrpkrdbms qum rmdbhzdiks db fkiujhfdrjks fkiujhfdrjks vmrgdbimjtm. Mb mspdfhk mspdfhk y bd chstdjfhd qum nudrcdj bds pmrskjds pmrskjds db fkiujhfdrsm vmrgdbimjtm. Bks dspmftks jk smiäjthfks cmb bmjnudom. Mb thpk cm äightk äightk mj mb qum sm prkcufm prkcufm bd fkiujhfdfhöj (`kridb k hj`kridb)

»Fuäb ms mb kgomtk cm mstuchk cm bd Udrdbhjnòésthfd;

643d) 643g) 643f) 643c) 64=

Mb tkjk cm vkz. Bd ihrdcd. Bd chstdjfhd mjtrm bks hjtmrbkfutkrms. Mb thigrm cm vkz.

Bks shbmjfhks qum sm prkcufmj db fkiujhfdr fkiujhfdrjks jks vmrgdbimjt vmrgdbimjtm. m. Bd fubturd mj bd qum qum sm prkcufm bd fkiujhfdfhöj. fkiujhfdfhöj. Bd pmrskjdbhcdc cm bks hjtmrbkfutkrms. Mb mstdck mikfhkjdb cm bks hjtmrbkfutkrms.

Vmôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd cm bds rmfkimjcdfhkjms pdrd uj usk dcmfudck cm bd fkiujhfdfhöj jk vmrgdb mj bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj.

64=d) 64=g)

Bd ihrdcd cmgm smr hjquhshthvd. Vm cmgmj uthbhzdr smôdbms cmb thpk nkbpmtmk cm cmcks pdrd cmodr fkjstdjfh fkjstdjfhdd cm qum, pkr

64=f) 64=c)

momipbk, thmjms prhsd. Dfkipdôdr bd msfufad msfufad fkj nmstk `rék, shj cmodr mjtrmvmr mjtrmvmr bks smjthihmjtks. smjthihmjtks. ]thbhzdrr uj tkjk cm vkz dcmfudck. ]thbhzd

0>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

01

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 48 

640

Vmôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bds shnuhmjtms JK  ms  ms ujd cm bds `dsms cm bd dtmjfhöj prmsmjfhdb.

640d) 640g) 640f) 640c) 64>

Bd dfknhcd. Bd hcmjth`hfdfhöj cm bd jmfmshcdc. Mb cmsdrrkbbk cm bd jmfmshcdc. Mb fhmrrm.

Vmôdbm fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms dspmftks ms fréthfk mj bd `dsm cm nmsthöj cm bd jmfmshcdc cm bd dtmjfhöj pmrskjdb?

64>d) 64>g) 64>f) 64>c) 641

Wmspmftk d bd msfufad dfthvd, smôdbm fuäb cm mjtrm bks shnuhmjtms dspmftks ms jmfmsdrhk prdfthfdr pdrd bbmvdrbd d fdgk fkrrmftdimjtm.

641d) 641g) 641f) 641c) 648

Urkfurdr tmjmr ujd dfthtuc jmutrdb. Djthfhpdrsm db imjsdom qum vdiks d rmfhghr. Vmr didgbm y cmikstrdrbk. Idjtmjmrsm dbmrtd.

Vmôdbm fuäb ms bd `dsm frufhdb mj bd dtmjfhöj tmbm`öjhfd.

648d) 648g) 648f) 648c) 675

Mb trdtk mquhtdthvk. Urk`mshkjdbhcdc. M`hfhmjfhd mj bd dtmjfhöj. Skcds bds rmspumstds skj fkrrmftds.

Bd prmsmjtdfhöj. Msfufad cmb imjsdom m hcmjth`hfdfhöj cm bd jmfmshcdc. Wmspumstd. Cmspmchcd y fhmrrm.

Udrd ikstrdr fdpdfhcdc cm msfufad mj bd dtmjfhöj tmbm`öjhfd, ms fkjvmjhmjtm?

675d) 675g) 675f) 675c)

Smrihjdr bds `rdsms cm jumstrk hjtmrbkfutkr. K`rmfmr tkcd tkcd bd hj`kridfhöj qum tmjndiks, tmjndiks, tdjtk bd skbhfhtdcd fkik bd qum jk. Vhjtmthzdr bd prmnujtd prmnujtd pdrd cmikstrdr cmikstrdr qum amiks fkiprmjchc fkiprmjchckk mb mb prkgbmid. prkgbmid. Idjtmjmr ujd msfufad rénhcd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 75 

Smid 75 674

Mb fkjtrkb fkjtrkb cm dffmsk d bds ch`mrmjtms cmpmjcmjfhds cm ujd mjthcdc, fkiprmjcm?

674d)

Mb dffmsk `éshfk, ÿjhfdimjtm.

674g) Mb dffmsk `éshfk y mb dffmsk bönhfk. 674f) Mb dffmsk bönhfk, fudjck ms jmfmsdrhk. 674c) Mb dffmsk dffmsk ccmb mb pmrskjdb pmrskjdb qum trdgdod mj bd mjthcdc, mjthcdc, ÿjhfdimjtm. 677

Mj fudjtk d bks ch`mrmjtms shstmids uthbhzdcks pdrd mb dffmsk  d   d cmpmjcmjfhds cm ujd mjthcdc, ms uj shstmid trdchfhkjdb?

677d) 677g) 677f) 677c) 676

]jd vmz rmdbhzdcd bd hcmjth`hfdfhöj y pmrihthck mb dffmsk d ujd pmrskjd d bd mjthcdc?

676d) 676g) 676f) 676c)

673

Vm pumcmj pumcmj fkjtrkbdr bds mjtrdcds mjtrdcds y sdbhcds cm cm vmaéfubks vmaéfubks cmb pärlhjn. Bd pmrskjd pmrskjd pumcm pumcm dffmcmr dffmcmr bhgrmimjtm bhgrmimjtm d fudbquhmr fudbquhmr zkjd zkjd cmb mch`hfhk. Jk sm pumcm fkjkfmr fuäjtk thmipk pmridjmfm bd pmrskjd mj mb hjtmrhkr cm bd mjthcdc. ]j vhnhbdjtm cm smnurhcdc smnurhcdc dfkipdôdrä dfkipdôdrä mj tkck tkck ikimjtk ikimjtk d bd pmrskjd pmrskjd qum qum dffmcm d bd mjthcdc.

Mb fkjtrkb cm dffmsk bönhfk pmrihtm?

673d) 673g) 673f) 673c) 67=

Mb fkjtrkb cm dffmsk mj bd jugm. Bd ghkimtréd. Bds tdromtds cm rdchk`rmfumjfhd. Bd tdromtd cm pbästhfk fkj gdjcd idnjèthfd.

Fkjtrkbdr bds dfthvhcdcms qum rmdbhzd ujd pmrskjd. Fkjtrkbdr mb thmipk prmsmjfhdb mj bd mjthcdc. Fkjtrkbdr bks rmfursks y chspkshthvks d bks qum qum bks usudrhks pumcmj pumcmj dffmcmr mj mj bd rmc. rmc. Pmr bks idrfdoms cmb thmipk trdgdodck.

Mb fkjtrkb cm dffmsk `éshfk y/k prmsmjfhdb, pmrihtm?

67=d) Fkjtrkbdr mb thmipk thmipk prmsmjfhdb cm ujd pmrskjd mj bd mjthcdc. mjthcdc. 67=g) Fkjtrkbdr bk bkss chspkshthvks chspkshthvks hj`kriäthfks hj`kriäthfks d bks qum qum uj usudrhk pumcm dffmcmr. 67=f) Pmrh`hfdr bd hcmjthcdc chnhtdb cm ujd pmrskjd. 67=c) Idjtmjmr bd smnurhcdc smnurhcdc mj bd rmc mj tkcd bd mjthcdc. mjthcdc.

08

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

>5

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 75 

670

Ms uj iètkck cm fkjtrkb  cm  cm dffmsk `éshfk?

670d) 670g) 670f) 670c) 67>

»Tuè shnjh`hfdj bds shnbds W@HC;

67>d) 67>g) 67>f) 67>c) 671

Vhstmids Dfthvks, Vhstmids Udshvks, Vhstmid Udshvk fkj Gdtmréd Gdtmréd cm cm Dshstmjfhd Dshstmjfhd (UGD). (UGD). Fkiujhfdfhöj `ubb-cÿpbmx¼ (@CQ) y fkiujhfdfhöj fkiujhfdfhöj «adb`-cÿpbmx¼ (ACQ). MMUWKI y WKI. Vhstmids cm Gdod @rmfumjfhd y shstmids shstmids cm Dbtd @rmfumjfhd. @rmfumjfhd.

Bd tmfjkbknéd iäs fkjkfhcd y iäs mxtmjchcd cm W@HC ms bd cmjkihjdcd?

667d) 667g) 667f) 667c) 666

Mb shstmid dfthvk. Mb sugshstmid cm prkfmsdihmjtk cm cdtks. Bd mthqumtd W@HC k trdjspkjcmc trdjspkjcmckr. kr. Mb bmftkr cm W@HC k trdjsfmptkr.

Bks shstmids shstmids W@HC sm fbdsh`hfdj smnÿj smnÿj su «`umjtm cm mjmrnéd¼ mj?

664d) 664g) 664f) 664c) 667

Mb trdjspkjcmckr trdjspkjcmckr.. Mb sugshstmid cm prkfmsdihmjtk cm cdtks. Mb trdjsfmptkr. Bd `umjtm cm mjmrnéd.

Mj uj shstmid W@HC »què fkipkjmjtm fdptd fdcd smôdb cm ujd mthqumtd, mxtrdm bd hj`kridfhöj y sm bd pdsd db sugshstmid cm prkfmsdihmjtk cm cdtks;

665d) 665g) 665f) 665c) 664

Srdjscuftkr, trdjsfmptkr, fahp. Hj`rdrrkoks, djtmjd, cmfkch`hfdck cmfkch`hfdckr. r. Djtmjd, trdjscuftkr rdchk, fahp. Djtmjd, trdjsfmptkr, fahp.

Mj uj shstmid W@HC »què fkipkjmjtm prkpkrfhkjd bks imchks cm prkfmsk y dbidfmjdihmjtk cm cdtks;

678d) 678g) 678f) 678c) 665

Wmiktm @rmfumjfy Hcmjth`hfdthkj. Wdchk @rmfumjfy Hcmjth`hfdthkj. Wdchk @dhburm Hcmjth`hfdthkj. Wmiktm @dhburm ]smr Hcmjth`hfdthkj.

]jd mthqumtd W@HC k trdjspkjcmckr mstä fkipumstd pkr?

671d) 671g) 671f) 671c) 678

]jd aumbbd cdfthbdr. ]jd tdromtd cm Urkxhihcdc. ]jd sidrtfdrc. ]jd tdromtd idnjèthfd.

Smfjkbknéd Ihjc`ubjmss. Smfjkbknéd Ih`drm. Smfjkbknéd Ghkiètrhfd. Smfjkbknéd ]btrdbhnat.

]jd cm bds dpbhfdfhkjms iäs adghtudbms cm bd tmfjkbknéd Ih`drm ms?

666d) Wmdbhzdr trdjsdffhkjms. 666g) Fkjmftdr chspkshthvks mbmftröjhfks. 666f) Hcmjth`hfdr pmrskjds y kgomtks. 666c) Fkjtrkbdr mb dffmsk mj miprmsds y mch`hfhks.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 75 

663

Mb mstuchk cm iètkcks dutkiäthfks pdrd mb rmfkjkfhihmjtk ÿjhfk cm auidjks, gdsdcks mj ujk k iäs rdsnks fkjcuftudbms k `éshfks, sm cmjkihjd?

663d) 663g) 663f) 663c) 66=

Ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd `éshfd (mstäthfd)?

66=d) 66=g) 66=f) 66=c) 660

Mb pdsk. Mb pdtröj `dfhdb. Bd `hrid. Mb tmfbmk.

»Tuè shstmid cm dffmsk y `hfadom jk sm pumcm rkgdr, kbvhcdr k pmrcmr;

660d) 660g) 660f) 660c) 66>

Smfjkbknéd W@HC. Smfjkbknéd Ih`drm. Ghkimtréd. Smfjkbknéd J@F.

Bd ghkimtréd. Mb shstmid W@HC. Mb föchnk cm gdrfks. Mb fahp.

Mj fudjtk d iètkcks cm rmfkjkfhihmjtk auidjk, bds aumbbds cdfthbdrms thmjmj uj éjchfm cm `hdghbhcdc?

66>d) Gdok. 66>g) Imchk. 66>f) Dbtk. 66>c) Iuy dbtk. 661

Mj mb rmfkjkfhihmjtk vdsfubdr, mb pdtröj ghkiètrhfk sm mxtrdm?

661d) 661g) 661f) 661c) 668

Mb rmihtmjtm dutmjthfdck mj mb fkjtrkb cm dffmsk d rmc

668d) 668g) 668f) 668c) 635

D pdrthr pdrthr cm bd imigrdjd imigrdjd phnimjtdcd cmb hjtmrhkr cmb kok. D pdrthr pdrthr cmb cmb rmfkjkfhihmj rmfkjkfhihmjtk tk y dutmjth`hfdfhöj cm bd vkz. vkz. D pdrthr cm bd nmkimtréd nmkimtréd cmb ärgkb cm vmjds cmb cmck. D pdrthr cm uj ikcmbk mj cks chimjshkjms cm bd aumbbd chnhtdb.

Uumcm smr uj prknrdid cm krcmjdckr. Vkbk pumcm smr ujd pmrskjd qum uthbhzd uj krcmjdckr. Jk pumcm smr uj krcmjdckr pkr sé ihsik. Vkbk pumcm smr ujd pmrskjd qum trdgdom mj mb cmpdrtdimjt cmpdrtdimjtkk cm Hj`kriät Hj`kriäthfd. hfd.

]jd dutmjthfdfhöj mj bd qum d dbnuhmj sm bm tkid bd aumbbd chnhtdb, sm bm phcm ujd tdromtd hjtmbhnmjtm y, dcmiäs, sm bm skbhfhtd uj jÿimrk phj, ms ujd dutmjthfdfhöj?

635d) 635g) 635f) 635c)

Imchdjtm cks `dftkrms. Srhpbm `dftkr. Gdsdcd mj hjchfdckrms ghkiètrhfks. Jk pmrihthcd.

>4

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

>7

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 74

Smid 74 634

»Tuè adgréd qum adfmr sh `dbtdsm dbnÿj mbmimjtk db rmdbhzdr ujd fkiprkgdfhöj mj ujd sdbd mxfbushvdimjtm fkj ikghbhdrhk;

634d) Cmodrbk dsé y dvhsdr d bd pmrskjd qum adyd rmdbhzdck rmdbhzdck bd skbhfhtuc cm bd sdbd. 634g) Hr d pkr mb idtmrhdb y pkjmrbk pkjmrbk ckjcm fkrrmspkjcd. 634f) Dvhsdr d bd pmrskjd qum qum adyd rmdbhzdck bd bd skbhfhtuc cm msd sdbd y pmchrbm pmchrbm qum qum trdhnd mb idtmrhdb qum `dbtd. 634c) Dvhsdr db pmrskjdb pmrskjdb rmspkjsdgbm rmspkjsdgbm cmb cmb idjtmjhihmjtk idjtmjhihmjtk cmb cmb mch`hfhk y db dbidfèj dbidfèj pdrd bd bd rmpkshfhöj cm bks mbmimjtks qum `dbtmj. 637

Urkfmchihmjtk cm prmpdrdfhöj y idjtmjhihmjtk cm bds sdbds mxfbushvdimjtm fkj fkj ikghbhdikghbhdrhk. Vh mj bd fkiprkgdfhöj sm mjfumjtrdj idtmrhdbms cm rmujhkjms prmvhds?

637d) 637g) 637f) 637c) 636

Vm cmodräj cmodräj mj bd ihsid sdbd, pkr pkr sh bks shnuhmjtms shnuhmjtms dshstmjtms dshstmjtms bks bks jmfmshtdrdj. jmfmshtdrdj. Vm nudrcdräj nudrcdräj mj ktrk shthk, pkr sh ktrks dshstmjtms dshstmjtms bks jmfmshtdrdj jmfmshtdrdj mj mj dbnÿj ikimjtk. Vm nudrcdräj nudrcdräj y bkfdbhzdräj bkfdbhzdräj d bds pmrskjds pmrskjds dshstmjtms pdrd mjtrmndrbms mjtrmndrbms msm idtmrhdb. Vm thrdräj y/k sm cmstruhräj hjimchdtdimj hjimchdtdimjtm tm pkr bd prktmffhöj prktmffhöj cm cdtks.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd dcmfudcd mj fudjtk db prkfmchihmjtk cm prmpdrdfhöj prmpdrdfhöj y idjtmjhihmjtk cm bds sdbds mxfbushvdimjtm fkj ikghbhdrhk.

636d) ]jd vmz prmpdrdcd bd sdbd, jk ady ady qum mstdr chspkjhgbm chspkjhgbm curdjtm bd rmujhöj. rmujhöj. 636g) Curdjtm bd rmujhöj sm cmgm mstdr chspkjhgbm chspkjhgbm pdrd cktdr cm ch`mrmjtms idtmrhdbms sh `umrd jmfmsdrhk. 636f) Vh mb jÿimrk jÿimrk cm dshstmjtms ms idykr d bd fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc cm bd sdbd, adgrä qum dcdptdr dcdptdr bd ihsid pdrd qum pumcdj mjtrdr tkcds bds pmrskjds. 636c) Vm cmgm fkiprkgdr bd bd bhiphmzd cmb ikghbhdrhk, ikghbhdrhk, pmrk jk dsé mb mstdck nmjmrdb nmjmrdb cm bd sdbd (tmipmrdturd, hbuihjdfhöj… hbuihjdfhöj…).).

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 74

633

Mj bds sdbds fkj prkymftkr y/k trdcuffhöj shiubtäjmd?

633d) Mstds sdbds jmfmshtdj ÿjhfdimjtm bd fkiprkgdfhöj fkiprkgdfhöj cmb ikghbhdrhk cm bd sdbd. 633g) Mstds sdbds jmfmshtdj, jmfmshtdj, dpdrtm dpdrtm cm bd fkiprkgdfhöj fkiprkgdfhöj cmb cmb ikghbhdrhk ikghbhdrhk cm bd sdbd, bd pumstd mj mj idrfad y bd vmrh`hfdfhöj cmb fkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bks dpdrdtks (prkymftkr y/k trdcuffhöj shiubtäjmd). 633f) Mstds sdbds jmfmshtdj, dpdrtm cm bd fkiprkgdfhöj fkiprkgdfhöj cmb ikghbhdrhk ikghbhdrhk cm cm bd sdbd, fkiprkgdr fkiprkgdr qum mstäj bks dpdrdtks (prkymftkr ( prkymftkr y/k trdcuffhöj shiubtäjmd), pmrk jk bd vmrh`hfdfhöj cmb fkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm bks ihsiks. 633c) Jhjnujd cm bds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 63=

Udrd fkiprkgdr mb zkki y mb mj`kqum cmb prkymftkr?

63=d) 63=g) 63=f) 63=c)

630

Mb prkfmsk cmgm smr idjudb, dprmtdjck bks gktkjms cm zkki y mj`kqum. Mb prkfmsk cmgm smr imfäjhfk, nhrdjck mb kgomthvk. Mb prkfmsk prkfmsk cmgm smr dutkiäthfk, dutkiäthfk, doustdjck mb kgomthvk kgomthvk y mb mj`kqum. Mb prkfmsk pumcm smr idjudb nhrdjck mb kgomthvk k imfäjhfk dprmtdjck bks gktkjms cm zkki y mj`kqum.

Udrd mb dcmfudck idjtmjhihmjtk idjtmjhihmjtk cm bks prkymftkrms, pmrhöchfdimjtm cmgmiks fkiprkgdr y rmpkjmr mj su fdsk?

630d)

Bds phbds cm bks idjcks d chstdjfhd.

630g) cmfdcd fdcdprkymftkr. prkymftkr. 630f) Bd Bksbäipdrd `hbtrks cm 630c) Skcds bds djtmrhkrms.

>6

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

>3

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 77 

Smid 77 63>

631

Mj bds iäquhjds `ktkfkphdckrds cm «k`hfhjd¼, »fuäb ms bd vmbkfhcdc cm rmprkcuffhöj;

63>d)

Cmscm = d 75 fkphds pkr ihjutk.

63>g) 63>f) 63>c)

Cmscm 47 d 35 fkphds pkr ihjutk. Cmscm 75 d 05 fkphds pkr ihjutk. Cmscm 65 d 15 fkphds pkr ihjutk.

Mb töjmr pkbvk ghfkipkjmjtm?

631d) 631g) 631f) 631c) 638

Vm usd usd chrmftdimjtm chrmftdimjtm tdb y fkik vhmjm mj su mjvdsm mjvdsm krhnhjdb. Vm usd mj bd iäquhjd imzfbdck fkj ktrk prkcuftk bbdidck Cmvmböpmr. Vm usd mj bd iäquhjd imzfbdck fkj ktrk prkcuftk bbdidck Ghfkipkjm Ghfkipkjmjt. jt. Vm usd mj bd iäquhjd imzfbdck fkj ktrks ktrks cks prkcuftks, bbdidcks Srhfkbkrms.

Mb töjmr béquhck vd cmpkshtdck mj?

638d) 638g) 638f)

]j tdigkr chrmftdimjtm. ]j cmpöshtk ckjcm sm cmpkshtd mb töjmr k ckjcm sm fkbkfd mb fdrtufak. ]jds fugmtds fugmtds ckjcm mstä chsumbtk chsumbtk mj uj béquhck béquhck bbdidck bbdidck chspmrsdjtm, chspmrsdjtm, y sumbm smr smr usdck pdrd fkjsmnuhr uj fkstm cm fkphds iäs gdok. 638c) ]jds fugmtds fugmtds shj chskbvmrbds chskbvmrbds mj jhjnujd ktrd sustdjfhd, pdrd fkjsmrvdr fkjsmrvdr mb jhvmb jhvmb öpthik. öpthik. 6=5

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms rmspumstds fkhjfhcm fkj mstd cm`hjhfhöj? Dyucdj d hjtrkcufhr mb pdpmb rmftk. Doustd bd nuéd bdtmrdb hzquhmrcd d bd djfaurd cmb pdpmb;

6=5d) 6=5g) 6=5f) 6=5c) 6=4

Vkpkrtm cm pdpmb. Gdjcmod cm sdbhcd. Nuéds bdtmrdbms. Dbhimjtdckr cm akods.

»Fuäb cm bds rmspumstds fkhjfhcm fkj bd shnuhmjtm cm`hjhfhöj? Vuomtd mb pdpmb mj bd hiprmskrd y bk hjtrkcufm, dutkiäthfdimjtm, curdjtm bd hiprmshöj;

6=4d)

Dbhimjtdckr cm akods.

6=4g) Vkpkrtm cm pdpmb. 6=4f) Nuéds bdtmrdbms. 6=4c) Udjmb cm fkjtrkb.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 77 

6=7

Mj mb trdgdok cm fkphdr, pdrd rmthrdr rmthrdr mb prhimr krhnhjdb?

6=7d) 6=7g) 6=7f) 6=7c) 6=6

Vm cmgm mspmrdr d qum sm dpdnum bd buz cm bd bäipdrd. Vm cmgm mspmrdr d qum mihtd uj phthck bdrnk y dnuck. Vm cmgm cmgm mspmrdr mspmrdr d qum dpdrmzfd uj uj imjsdom imjsdom mj mb pdjmb pdjmb `rkjtdb. Vm pumcm pumcm rmthrdr rmthrdr mj fudbquhmr ikimjtk, shj tmjmr tmjmr qum mspmrdr d jdcd.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Vh sdbmj bds fkphds fbdrds?

6=6d) Ms pkshgbm pkshgbm qum sm cmgd d ujd ujd `dbtd cm töjmr. 6=6g) Vh mb prkgbmid pmrshstm adgréd qum bbdidr db smrvhfhk tèfjhfk. 6=6f) Uumcm trdtdrsm cm qum bd tmfbd qum fkjtrkbd bd fbdrhcdc cm bds fkphds mstuvhmrd mj mj ujd pkshfhöj cmidshdck fbdrd pdrd msm krhnhjdb. 6=6c) Ms pkshgbm pkshgbm qum smd pkr pkr bd fdbhcdc cm bks `kbhks. `kbhks. 6=3

Udrd mb fkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk y d pbmjk rmjchihmjtk, sm cmgmrä prkfmcmr d su rmvhshöj y bhiphmzd pkr pdrtm cmb smrvhfhk tèfjhfk?

6=3d) Vmidjdbimjtm. 6=3g) Imjsudbimjtm. 6=3f) Vmimstrdbimjtm. 6=3c) Djudbimjtm. 6==

Fudjck ujd `ktkfkphdckrd JK  sm  sm vdyd d uthbhzdr curdjtm uj dipbhk pmrékck cm thmipk?

6=0

Mbhod bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd. fkrrmftd. »Fuäjck sm cmgm fdighdr fdighdr mb fdrtufak fdrtufak cm töjmr;

6==d) Vmrä su`hfhmjtm fkj dpdndr mb hjtmrruptkr cm `ujfhkjdihm `ujfhkjdihmjtk jtk (K@@). 6==g) Vm cmgmrä cmgmrä sdfdr mb mjfau`m mjfau`m cm bd fkrrhmjtm mbèftrhfd, mbèftrhfd, cdck qum, qum, sh jk, ms pkshgbm qum qum dÿj `ujfhkjm uj fdbmjtdckr pdrd prmvmjhr bd fkjcmjsdfhöj. 6==f) Jk adfm `dbtd adfmr adfmr jdcd, jdcd, bd iäquhjd iäquhjd sm dpdnd skbd. 6==c) Vm cmgm cmgm cmodr mjfmjchc mjfmjchcd, d, pkrqum cm jk adfmrbk, bm fkstdréd iufak iufak bd pumstd pumstd mj idrfad.

6=0d) 6=0g) 6=0f) 6=0c) 6=>

Bd idykréd cm bks msfäjmrms pbdjks mstäj hjchfdcks pdrd chnhtdbhzdr?

6=>d) 6=>g) 6=>f) 6=>c) 6=1

Kgomtks trdjspdrmjtms pbdjks. Kgomtks kpdfks pbdjks. Kgomtks kpdfks cmshnudbms. Kgomtks cm tkck thpk.

»Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms JK  ms  ms uj thpk cm hidnmj mj bks msfäjmrms;?

6=1d) 6=1g) 6=1f) 6=1c) 6=8

Fdcd smidjd. Fdcd cks smidjds. Fudjck bd iäquhjd bk hjchqum. Jk ady qum fdighdrbk, bd iäquhjd iäquhjd bk fdighd skbd.

@ktk fkbkr. @ktk msfdbd cm nrhsms. @ktk gbdjfk y jmnrk. @ktk msfdbd cm fkbkrms.

Bd mbmffhöj cm bd rmskbufhöj d bd qum vd d rmdbhzdrsm mb prkfmsk?

6=8d)

Ms iuy hipkrtdjtm.

6=8g) Jk thmjm rmbmvdjfhd. 6=8f) Jk thmjm jhjnujd fkjsmfumjf fkjsmfumjfhd hd mj mb `hfamrk nrä`hfk. 6=8c) Bd adfm bd iäquhjd cm `krid dutöjkid.

>=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

>0

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 77 

605

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD mj fudjtk d bd rmskbufhöj.

605d) 605g) 605f) 605c) 604

»Fuäb ms mb `kridtk qum fkiprhim iäs bd hidnmj;

604d) 604g) 604f) 604c) 607

Bd rmskbufhö rmskbufhöjj öpthid pdrd msfdjmdr ujd hidnmj cmpmjcmrä cm su cmsthjk. Udrd vmrbd vmrbd mj mj pdjtdbbd ms su`hfhmjtm fkj >7 ppp. Vh bd hjtmjfhöj ms rmdbhzdr ujd hiprmshöj cm fdbhcdc adgrä qum mbmvdrbd mbmvdrbd adstd 655 655 ppp ppp k iäs. Bd rmskbufhöj rmskbufhöj qum qum mbhodiks mbhodiks pdrd pdrd msfdjmdr msfdjmdr jk d`mftdrä db tdidôk cmb cmb `hfamrk `hfamrk nrä`hfk.

Nh`. Opn. Sh`. Gip.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd.

607d)

Fudjtd idykr smd bd fkiprmshöj fkiprmshöj qum qum sm bm dpbhqum d bd hidnmj, hidnmj, imjkr imjkr smrä bd fdbhcdc fdbhcdc cm bd ihsid. 607g) Fudjtd idykr idykr smd bd fkiprmshöj qum sm bm dpbhqum dpbhqum d bd hidnmj, idykr smrä bd fdbhcdc cm bd ihsid. 607f) Fudjtd imjkr imjkr smd bd fkiprmshöj fkiprmshöj qum qum sm bm dpbhqum dpbhqum d bd bd hidnmj, imjkr smrä bd fdbhcdc fdbhcdc cm bd ihsid.. 607c) Bd fkiprmshöj fkiprmshöj qum sm bm dpbhqum d bd hidnmj hidnmj jk d`mftdrä d bd fdbhcdc cm bd ihsid. 606

»Tuè `kridtk ms mb qum imokr fdbhcdc cm hidnmj cd;

606d) 606g) 606f) 606c) 603

»D qum rmspkjcm mstd cm`hjhfhöj? shstmid pdrd mjvhdr k rmfhghr ujd fkphd hcèjthfd cm uj ckfuimjtk d bdrnd chstdjfhd;

603d) 603g) 603f) 603c) 60=

Nh`. Opmn. Sh`. Gip.

@ktkfkphdckrd. @dx k tmbm`dx. Msfäjmr. Smbmnrdid.

Udrd mbdgkrdr fdrtmbms pkr krcmjdckr, mj mb prknrdid ^krc, phfdrmiks bd kpfhöj cm hjsmrtdr y bumnk?

60=d) «Mfudfhkjms¼. 60=g) «Véigkbks¼. 60=f) «^krcdrt¼. 60=c) «^krcpdc¼.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 76 

Smid 76 600

Bd Bmy 36/7545, cm 65 cm chfhmigrm, cmb smrvhfhk pkstdb ujhvmrsdb, cm bks cmrmfaks cm bks usudrhks y cmb imrfdck pkstdb?

600d)

Cmshnjd pkr uj pmrhkck cm 4= dôks d bd «Vkfhmcdc Mstdtdb Fkrrmks y Smbènrd`ks VD¼ fkik kpmrdckr db qum sm mjfkihmjcd bd prmstdfhöj cmb smrvhfhk pkstdb ujhvmrsdb. 600g) Mstdgbmfm bds gdsms cmb fkjfursk cm cm fkjtrdtdfhöj cmb kpmrdckr kpmrdckr pdrd bd prmstdfhöj cmb cmb smrvhfhk pkstdb ujhvmrsdb. 600f) Urmvè bd pmrhöchfd vdbkrdfhöj pkr pkr mb Ihjhstmrhk Ihjhstmrhk cm Mfkjkiéd cmb fuipbhihmjtk fuipbhihmjtk pkr pdrtm cmb kpmrdckr cmshnjdck cm sus kgbhndfhkjms. 600c) Shmjm fkik `hj sdths`df sdths`dfmr mr bds jmfmshcdcms cm fkiujhfdfhöj pkstdb cmjtrk cm Mspdôd mxfbushvdimjtm yd qum bd fkiujhfdfhöj pkstdb fkj ktrks pdésms sm rmnubd pkr ktrd Bmy. 60>

Vmnÿj bd Bmy 36/7545, cm 65 cm chfhmigrm, cmb smrvhfhk pkstdb ujhvmrsdb, cm bks cmrmfaks cm bks usudrhks y cmb imrfdck pkstdb?

60>d)

Bd pugbhfhcdc pugbhfhcdc chrmftd tmjcrä tmjcrä bd fkjshcmrdfhöj cm «mjvék «mjvék cm cm fkrrmspkjcmjfhd¼ fkrrmspkjcmjfhd¼..

60>g) pugbhfhcdc chrmftd pugbhfhcdc tmjcrä bd tmjcrä fkj shcmrdfhöj cm «mjvék pkstdb¼. «mjvék 60>f) Bd Bd pugbhfhcdc chrmftd tmjcrä bd fkjshcmrdfhöj fkjshcmrdfhöj fkjshcmrdfhöj cm «mjvék fmrth`hfdck¼. 60>c) Bd pugbhfhcdc pugbhfhcdc chrmftd tmjcrä tmjcrä bd fkjshcmrdfhöj fkjshcmrdfhöj cm «mjvék «mjvék pugbhfhtdrhk¼. 601

Bd pmrskjd jdturdb k ouréchfd qum, fkj drrmnbk d bd Bmy 36/7545, cm 65 cm chfhmigrm, cmb smrvhfhk pkstdb ujhvmrsdb, prmstd ujk k vdrhks smrvhfhks pkstdbms sm cmjkihjd?

601d) 601g) 601f) 601c)

Kpmrdckr pkstdb. Vmrvhfhk cm fkrrmks. Fdrtmrk. Miprmsd pkstdb.

>>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

>1

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 73 

Smid 73 608

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj fkrrmftd. fkrrmftd. Bks dbidfmjms, mjtrm ktrds `ujfhkjms, shrvmj pdrd?

608d) 608g) 608f) 608c) 6>5

Bd mbmffhöj cmb shstmid cm dbidfmjdihmjtk cm idtmrhdbms cmpmjcm, mjtrm ktrks, cm mstks `dftkrms?

6>5d) 6>5g) 6>5f) 6>5c) 6>4

]jd fdod cm cm idcmrd k fdrtöj pdrd dbidfmjdihmjtk dbidfmjdihmjtk cm idtmrhdbms. ]jd mstdjtmréd vmrthfdb djfbdcd db sumbk. ]j mstrdck cm idcmrd pdrd trdjspkrtm y dbidfmjdihmjtk dbidfmjdihmjtk.. ]j fkjtmjmckr fkjtmjmckr `bmxhgbm pdrd dbidfmjdr dbidfmjdr y ikvmr ikvmr söbhcks söbhcks d nrdjmb. nrdjmb.

»Fuäb ms mb imchk cm dbidfmjdihmjtk iäs shipbm y mfkjöihfk;

6>7d) 6>7g) 6>7f) 6>7c) 6>6

Mspdfhk chspkjhgbm. Fkbkr y tdidôk cm bks idtmrhdbms d dbidfmjdr. Urmfhk cm bks drtéfubks nudrcdcks. Ubdzk cm fdcufhcdc cm bks prkcuftks.

]j pdbbmt ms?

6>4d) 6>4g) 6>4f) 6>4c) 6>7

Dgdrdtdr mb fkstm cm bks prkcuftks. Bbmvdr uj fkjtrkb skgrm mb mb ikvhihmjtk ikvhihmjtk cm cm prkcuftks prkcuftks (mjtrdcds (mjtrdcds y sdbhcds). Dbdrndr mb pbdzk cm cm fdcufhcdc fdcufhcdc y curdfhöj cm bks prkcuftks dbbé cmpkshtdcks. cmpkshtdcks. Adfmr suihjhstrks suihjhstrks fkipbmtks, fkipbmtks, rmtrdsdjck rmtrdsdjck mb pbdzk cm dgdstmfhihmjtk dgdstmfhihmjtk cm idtmrhdbms. idtmrhdbms.

Bks fkjtmjmckrms. Bds fkbuijds. Bds mstdjtmréds. Bds fdods k fdokjms.

Mb ärmd ärmd cm cmsmigdbdom cm bks prkcuftks prkcuftks ms uj ärmd mspmfé`hfd cm?

6>6d) Ärmd cm rmfmpfhöj. 6>6g) Ärmd cm dbidfmjdihmjtk dbidfmjdihmjtk.. 6>6f) 6>6c) Ärmd Ärmd cm cm mjtrmnd. mspmrd.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 73 

6>3

»Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms thpks JK  sm  sm fkjshcmrd sustdjfhd pmbhnrksd;

6>3d) Fkigurmjtms. 6>3g) Mjikamfhcks. 6>3f) Hj`bdidgbms. 6>3c) Mxpbkshvks.

>8

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

15

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7= 

Smid 7= 6>=

Mb hjvmjtdrhk cm imrfdjféd. Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD.

6>=d)

Ms bd vmrh`hfdfhöj k fkj`hridfhöj cm bd mxhstmjfhd cm idtmrhdbms idtmrhdbms cmb dbidfèj pdrd pdrd fkj`rkjtdrbk fkj bds djktdfhkjms mj bks `hfamrks cm mxhstmjfhds cm bks ihsiks. 6>=g) Vm m`mftÿd m`mftÿd pmrhöchfdimj pmrhöchfdimjtm, tm, mj nmjmrdb fdcd trhimstrm trhimstrm cmb cmb dôk. dôk. 6>=f) Umrihtm vmrh`hfdr bd fdjthcdc rmdb mj mxhstmjfhd cm idtmrhdbms. 6>=c) Umrihtm fkjkfmr mb fkjsuik rmdb cm idtmrhdbms. 6>0

Wmspmftk d bd fkch`hfdfhöj cm idtmrhdbms. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd; fkrrmftd;

6>0d) 6>0g) 6>0f) 6>0c)

6>>

Nmjmrdbimjtm sm uthbhzd mb shstmid juièrhfk. Mj mb shstmid db`djuièrhfk, db`djuièrhfk, bds bmtrds rmprmsmjtdj mb föchnk föchnk hjchfdckr hjchfdckr cmb drtéfubk. drtéfubk. Mb shstmid shstmid db`dgèthfk db`dgèthfk ms ms mb iäs uthbhzdck uthbhzdck mj dbidfmjms cm nrdj nrdj tdidôk. tdidôk. Mj mb shstmid shstmid db`djuièrhfk, db`djuièrhfk, bds bmtrds rmprmsmjtdj rmprmsmjtdj bd bd fbdsm cm idtmrhdb y su nrupk mj mj mstd fbdsm.

Mb fkjfmptk fkjfmptk cm «shipbh`hfdr¼ mj mb fkjtrkb cm mxhstmjfhds adfm rm`mrmjfhd d?

6>>d)

Wmcufhr mj bd imchcd cm bk pkshgbm mb jÿimrk cm drtéfub drtéfubks ks mipbmdcks imchdjtm jkridbhzdfhöj, ms cmfhr, dckptdr uj ÿjhfk drtéfubk pdrd fdcd `hj. 6>>g) Smjmr ghmj ghmj cmtdbbdcks cmtdbbdcks y cmsfrhtks bks bks idtmrhdbms, idtmrhdbms, ms cmfhr, fkjkfmr fkjkfmr bd hj`kridfhöj jmfmsdrhd rmspmftk d bks drtéfubks y sus `ujfhkjdbhcdcms. `ujfhkjdbhcdcms. 6>>f) Wmcufhr mj bd imchcd cm bk pkshgbm mb jÿimrk cm drtéfub drtéfubks ks mipbmdcks imchdjtm jkridbhzdfhöj, ms cmfhr, krcmjdr bks drtéfubks pkr fbdsms y `ujfhkjdbhcdc `ujfhkjdbhcdcms. ms. 6>>c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 6>1

 ms ujd `dsm rmbdfhkjdcd fkj mb prkfmsk cm mjtrdcds y sdbhcds cm uj dbidfèj? Jk  ms

6>1d) 6>1g) 6>1f) 6>1c)

Nmjmrdfhöj cmb pmchck. @dfturdfhöj. Fdtdbkndfhöj cm bks drtéfubks. Wmfmpfhöj cmb idtmrhdb y bd frmdfhöj frmdfhöj cmb cmb dbgdräj dbgdräj fkrrmspkjchmj fkrrmspkjchmjtm. tm.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7> 

Smid 7> 6>8

Srdtdihmjtk y rmfhfbdom cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb ms bd `rdffhöj idykrhtdrhd mj bks rmshcuks nmjmrdcks pkr bd dfthvhcdc dcihjhstrdthvd;

6>8d) 6>8g) 6>8f) 6>8c) 615

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Mj què chrmffhöj cmgm krhmjtdrsm bd dfthvhcdc cm bd Dcihjhstrdfhöj pkr bk qum sm rm`hmrm d bks rmshcuks;

615d) 615g) 615f) 615c) 614

Idtmrhd krnäjhfd. Udpmb y fdrtöj. Mjvdsms bhnmrks. Phcrhk.

Imjkr fkjsuik y imjkr nmjmrdfhöj Wmcuffhöj cm bks fkstms cm trdtdihmjtk cm bks rmshcuks. Wmcuffhöj cmb jÿimrk cm fkjtmjmckrms. Wmcuffhöj cm bd vdrhmcdc cm fkjtmjmckrms.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb ms fkbkr jkridbhzdck pdrd bks fkjtmjmckrms cm pdpmb y fdrtöj;

614d) Dzub. 614g) Pmrcm. 614f) Didrhbbk. 614c) Idrröj. 617

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè rmfkimjcdfhöj pumcm smr ÿthb pdrd bks usudrhks cmb fkjtmjmckr cm pdpmb;

617d) 617g) 617f) 617c)

]thbhfm mb fkjtmjmck fkjtmjmckrr dujqum dujqum mb pdpmb qum vdyd d thrdr mstè sufhk k nrdshmjtk. Shrm mb pdpmb mj gkbsd cm pbästhfk fmrrdcd. Shrm bds fdods shj pbmndr, dsé pumcmj smr rmuthbhzdcds. Wmuthbhfm mb pdpmb shmiprm qum pumcd djtms cm thrdrbk.

14

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

17

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7> 

616

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms rmshcuks JK  cmgm  cmgm cmpkshtdrsm mj mb fkjtmjmckr cm mjvdsms;

616d) 616g) 616f) 616c) 613

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè trdtdihmjtk trdtdihmjtk cmgmj rmfhghr bks rmshcuks cm dpdrdtks mbmftröjhfks jk rmuthbhzdgbms;

613d) 613g) 613f) 613c) 61=

Dfmhtm ihjmrdb. Äfhck sub`ÿrhfk chbuhck. Ukbhmxpdj. Vustdjfhds adbknmjdcds.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè fkjsmfumjfhds pumcm tmjmr imzfbdr imzfbdr phbds fkj bd gdsurd;

611d) 611g) 611f) 611c) 618

Vkj ghkcmnrdcdgbm ghkcmnrdcdgbms. s. Fkjthmjmj sustdjfhds iuy jkfhvds pdrd mb mb imchk imchk dighmjtm. Shmjmj fdrdftmrésthfds hcèjthfds d bks dfmhtms vmnmtdbms. Mj mb dnud nmjmrdj ujd kxhnmjdfhöj mxfmshvd.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms sustdjfhds sm mjfumjtrd mj bds gdtmréds cm fkfam;

61>d) 61>g) 61>f) 61>c) 611

Uumcm fdusdr nrdvms cdôks mj bks mfkshstmids dfuäthfks. Jk jmfmshtd jmfmshtd trdtdihmjtk trdtdihmjtk mspmfé`hfk, mspmfé`hfk, cmgm cmgm smr smr vmrthck db sdjmdihmjtk sdjmdihmjtk nmjmrdb. nmjmrdb. Ms uj thpk cm rmshcuk qum jk nmjmrd bd Dcihjhstr Dcihjhstrdfhöj. dfhöj. Fkjthmjm imtdbms pmsdcks y sustdjfhds adbknmjdc adbknmjdcds. ds.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd cm bks dfmhtms ihjmrdbms;

610d) 610g) 610f) 610c) 61>

Cmgmj cmpkshtdrs cmpkshtdrsmm mj mb fkjtmjmckr didrhbb didrhbbk. k. Cmgmj smr hjfhjmrdcks. Cmgmj smr mjtrmndcks mjtrmndcks d uj nmstkr k nmstkrd dutkrhzdcd dutkrhzdcd cm cm rmshcuks rmshcuks pmbhnrksks. pmbhnrksks. Cmgmj rmfhghr mb ihsik ihsik trdtdihmjtk trdtdihmjtk qum bks rmshcuks rmshcuks krnäjhfks.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db dfmhtm vmnmtdb usdck;

61=d) 61=g) 61=f) 61=c) 610

Mjvdsms cm pkstrms bäftmks. Fughmrtks cmsmfadgbm cmsmfadgbms. s. Mjvdsms cm pbästhfk qum adydj fkjtmjhck chskbvmjtms. Gktms cm prkcuftks cm bhiphmzd.

Vkbdimjtm thmjm fkjsmfumj fkjsmfumjfhds fhds jkfhvds sh sm hjfhjmrdj. Vu fkjtmjhck fkjtmjhck pumcm `hbtrdrsm mj mb sumbk sumbk y fkjtdihjdr dnuds sugtmrräjmds. sugtmrräjmds. Uumcmj nmjmrdr dfuiubdfh dfuiubdfhöj öj cm ndsms mxpbkshvks. Uumcmj nmjmrdr `umrtms cmsfdrnds mbèftrhfds.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè d`hridfhöj ms fkrrmftd rmspmftk db trdtdihmjtk cm bks mjvdsms cm töjmr pdrd hiprmskrds;

618d) 618g) 618f) 618c)

Fudjck mstèj `dgrhfd `dgrhfdcks cks mj fdrtöj cmgmj cmpkshtdrs cmpkshtdrsmm mj mb fkjtmjmckr dzub. Cmgmj thrdrsm db fkjtmjmck fkjtmjmckrr didrhbbk. Cmgmj hjfhjmrdrsm. Cmgmj smr rmthrdcks y nmsthkjdcks nmsthkjdcks pkr miprmsds dprkphdcds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 7> 

685

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Fuäb ms ujd fdrdftmrésthfd cmb vhcrhk;

685d) 685g) 685f) 685c) 684

Ms `äfhb cm rmuthbhzdr. Srds mb rmfhfbdom phmrcm fudbhcdcms. Cmgmrmiks cmpkshtdr mj mb mb fkjtmjmckr fkjtmjmckr vmrcm mb mb vhcrhk ghksdjhtdrhk y mb rmuthbhzdgbm. Mstä fkjshcmrdck uj rmshcuk pmbhnrksk.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Föik cmgmj trdtdrsm bks `bukrmsfmjtms;

684d) Cmgmj cmpkshtdrs cmpkshtdrsmm mj mb fkjtmjmckr cm vhcrhk. 684g) Jk rmquhmrmj trdtdihmjtk mspmfé`hfk. 684f) Cmgm dbidfmjdrbks dbidfmjdrbks mb smrvhfhk cm idjtmjhihmj idjtmjhihmjtk tk adstd qum qum smdj rmfknhcks pkr ujd miprmsd dutkrhzdcd. 684c) Cmgmj hjfhjmrdrsm. 687

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè trdtdihmjtk ms dcmfudck pdrd bks pdbès k migdbdoms cm idcmrd;

687d) 687g) 687f) 687c) 686

Fkipkstdr. Hjfhjmrdr pdrd kgtmjmr fmjhzds. Mjtmrrdr. Srhturdr y uthbhzdr mj bd `dgrhfdfhöj cm dnbkimrdcks dnbkimrdcks y mj prkcuffhöj cm mjmrnéd. mjmrnéd.

Srdtdihmjtk cm rmshcuks. »Tuè rmshcuk thmjm fkik fdrdftmrésthfd fdrdftmrésthfd uj nrdj pkcmr pdrd fkjtdihjdr mb dnud;

686d) 686g) 686f) 686c)

Mb dbuihjhk. Bds phbds cm gktöj. Mb vhcrhk. Bd idcmrd.

16

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

13

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 71 

Smid 71 683

Jkfhkjms cm fmrrdomréd. fmrrdomréd. Bd pdrtm cm ujd fmrrdcurd mj bd qum sm mjfumjtrdj bks pmsthbbks y sus chspkshthvks, sm cmjkihjd?

683d) 683g) 683f) 683c) 68=

Fmrrdcurd cm fdod. Fmrrdcurd cm miguthr. Fdod cm fmrrdcurd. Umsthbbk.

Jkfhkjms cm fmrrdomréd. Bd rdjurd mj mb fhbhjcrk cm ujd fmrrdcurd pdrd imtmr y nuhdr bd bbdvm, sm cmjkihjd?

68=d) Migkfdcurd. 68=g) Gkfdbbdvm. 68=f) Nudrcd. 68=c) Uhfdpkrtm. 680

Jkfhkjms cm fmrrdomréd. Bd ghsdnrd fuyds pdbmtds kfupdj tkcd bd supmr`hfhm skgrm bd qum mstäj dpbhfdcds, sm cmjkihjd?

680d) 680g) 680f) 680c) 68>

Ghsdnrd fkjthjud. Ghsdnrd miguthcd. Ghsdnrd cm iumbbm cm ckgbm dffhöj. Ghsdnrd cm fhbhjcrk.

Fkbkfdfhöj cm ghsdnrds. Bd akbnurd fkrrmftd cm bd akod cm bd pumrtd fkj rmspmftk db idrfk ms?

68>d) 68>g) 68>f) 68>c)

0 ii mj bd bd fdrd d dghsdnrdr, dghsdnrdr, 6 ii mj bks bks gkrcms gkrcms rmstdjtms. 6 ii mj bd fdrd d dghsdnrdr, 0 ii mj bks gkrcms gkrcms rmstdjtms. rmstdjtms. 8 ii mj bd bd fdrd d dghsdnrdr, dghsdnrdr, 0 ii mj bks bks gkrcms gkrcms rmstdjtms. 8 ii mj bd fdrd d dghsdnrdr, 6 ii mj bks gkrcms gkrcms rmstdjtms. rmstdjtms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 71 

681

»Föik sm pumcm mvhtdr qum bds ghsdnrds prkcuzfdj ruhcks;

681d) 681g) 681f) 681c) 688

Hjtrkcufhmjck drdjcmbds nrumsds mjtrm bds ghsdnrds. Hjtrkcufhmjck ]sdjck uj mjnrdsm cm dfmhtm sudvm. Mbmvdjck bd dbturd dbturd cm cm bd pumrtd pumrtd 4 k 7 ihbéimtrks. Fmphbbdjck mb fdjtk cm bd pumrtd fkj fkj uj fmphbbk cm fdrphjtmrk. fdrphjtmrk.

Fdrphjtmréd. »Tuè amrrdihmjtd cmgm uthbhzdrsm sh ady qum fkiprkgdr bks mjfudcrms y rmdbhzdr imchfhkjms;

688d) Msfk`hjd. 688g) Imtrk. 688f) Msfudcrd. 688c) Vdrnmjtk. 355

Fdrphjtmréd. Udrd dgrhr mj bd idcmrd pmqumôks dnuomrks, sm uthbhzdrä?

355d) Vhmrrd. 355g) Fmphbbk. 355f) Uujzöj. 355c) Bhid. 354

Fdrphjtmréd. Vh ady qum cmsgdstdr ujd supmr`hfhm cm idcmrd, sm uthbhzdrä?

354d) Uujzöj. 354g) Sdbdcrk. 354f) @kriöj. 354c) Fmphbbk. 357

@kjtdjmréd. Mb mbmimjtk cm cmsfdrnd qum chspkjm cm fhmrrm dutkiäthfk y qum db dffhkjdrsm pmrihtm mb pdsk cm uj nrdj fducdb cm dnud curdjtm mb thmipk qum pmridjmfm dffhkjdck, sm cmjkihjd?

357d) Päbvubd cm smnurhcdc. 357g) Cmrhvdfhöj cm dpdrdtk. 357f) @buxkr. 357c) Idjnumrd. 356

@kjtdjmréd. Mbhihjdr k mvdfudr mb dhrm cm bds tugmréds cm bd hjstdbdfhöj, sm cmjkihjd?

356d) Cmrhvdfhöj. 356g) Uurndck. 356f) Dfkimthcd. 356c) Wmtmjfhöj. 353

@kjtdjmréd. Bd väbvubd cm `bktdckr?

353d) 353g) 353f) 353c) 35=

Hiphcm qum qum shnd mjtrdjck dnud fudjck fudjck bd fhstmrjd k cmpöshtk cmb ^.F mstäj bbmjks. bbmjks. Dffhkjd mb imfdjhsik cm vdfhdck cmb cmpöshtk cmb ^.F. Umrihtm fmrrdr fmrrdr mb dnud cmb cmb hjkckrk hjkckrk fudjck fudjck smd jmfmsdrhk jmfmsdrhk adfmr adfmr rmpdrdfhkjms. rmpdrdfhkjms. Vmbbd bd fkjmxhöj mjtrm mb mb hjkckrk hjkckrk y bd dgmrturd dgmrturd cmb cmsdnòm.

@kjtdjmréd. Udrd prmvmjhr qum bds tugmréds sm fkjnmbmj, ady qum?

35=d)

Ukjmr trdpks fdbhmjtms fdbhmjtms k uthbhzdr uthbhzdr ktrds `umjtms cm fdbkr skgrm skgrm bds bds tugmréds. tugmréds.

35=g) Dhsbdr mb mb rdidb rdidb ckjcm ckjcm sm ad ad prkcufhck prkcufhck bd fkjnmbdfhöj. fkjnmbdfhöj. 35=f) Idjtmjmr uj pmqumôk `buok cm dnud d trdvès cm bds tugmréds. 35=c) Vusthtuhr tkcds tkcds bds tugmréds qum qum mstèj mstèj d bd hjtmipmrhm hjtmipmrhm y sm adydj fkjnmbdck. fkjnmbdck.

1=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

10

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 71 

350

Vdjmdihmjtk. Bds dnuds prkfmcmjtms cm prmfhphtdfhöj jdturdb, gäshfdimjtm shj fkjtdihjdr, skj?

350d) 350g) 350f) 350c) 35>

Mbmftrhfhcdc. Bd `rmfumjfhd mipbmdcd mj bd rmc mbèftrhfd ms cm?

35>d) 35>g) 35>f) 35>c) 351

Sdgbmrk dbhstkjdck. Sdgbmrk fkjtrdfadpdck fkjtrdfadpdck.. Sdgbmrk dnbkimrdck. Sdgböj idfhzk.

Fdrphjtmréd. D bd akrd cm rmpdrdr ujd pmrshdjd pkr rkturd cm dbnujd bäihjd, mj prhimr bundr ady qum?

345d) 345g) 345f) 345c) 344

675 P mjtrm `dsm y jmutrk y 355 P, mjtrm `dsms, pdrd rmcms trh`äshfds cm 3 fkjcuftkrms. 765 P mjtrm mjtrm `dsms `dsms pdrd rmcms trh`äshfds cm trms fkjmftkrms. fkjmftkrms. 675 P mjtrm `dsms pdrd rmcms trh`äshfds cm cm trms fkjmftkrms. 355 P mjtrm mjtrm `dsms `dsms pdrd rmcms trh`äshfds cm trms fkjmftkrms. fkjmftkrms.

Fdrphjtmréd. »Tuè jkigrm rmfhgm rmfhgm mb tdgbmrk fkipumstk cm idcmrd dnbuthjdcd imchdjtm rmshjds shjtèthfds;

358d) 358g) 358f) 358c) 345

=5 Az (amrfhks). >= Az (amrfhks). =55 Az - >=5 Az (amrfhks). 4=55 Az (amrfhks).

Bds tmjshkjms dshnjdcds pdrd bd chstrhgufhöj mj fkrrhmjtm dbtmrjd mj gdod tmjshöj skj?

351d) 351g) 351f) 351c) 358

Dnuds pbuvhdbms. Dnuds rmshcudbms. Dnuds usdcds. Dnuds iujhfhpdbms.

Cmsdtkrjhbbdr bks tkpms cm bd ÿbthid ÿbthid bäihjd cm bd pmrshdjd. pmrshdjd. Mxtrdmr bd bäihjd rktd y susthtuhrbd pkr ktrd jumvd. Hjstdbdr ujd fhjtd jumvd. Cmsdtkrjhbbdr mb fdoöj supmrhkr.

Dbgdôhbmréd. Bd imzfbd cm ymsk, dnud y drmjd dpbhfdcd mj mstdck pbästhfk skgrm supmr`hfhms cm pdrmcms y tmfaks qum sm cmod smfdr y mjcurmfmr, sm bbdid?

344d) Migdbcksdck. 344g) Wmvmsthihmjtk. 344f) Mjbufhck. 344c) Mjymsdck. 347

Dbgdôhbmréd. Udrd bd rmpdrdfhöj cm bds auimcdcms cmghcds d fkjcmjsdfhöj, ady qum?

347d) Wmpdrdr ujd ujd vmz adydiks cmsikjtdck cmsikjtdck mb idrfk cm bd vmjtdjd y sus akods. akods. 347g) Wmpdrdr ujd vmz bd zkjd mstä smfd. 347f) Idjtmjmr bds vm vmjtdjds jtdjds ghmj ghmj fmrrdcds, pdrd mvhtdr mvhtdr qum sm `hbtrm bd auimcdc. auimcdc. 347c) Bhiphdr fkj fkj bmoéd k dikjhdfk dikjhdfk pdrd mbhihjdr cm`hjhthvdimjtm bds auimcdcms. auimcdcms.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 71 

346

Fdbm`dffhöj y dhrm dfkjchfhkjdck. Mb thpk cm fkigusthgbm iäs uthbhzdck mj bds fdbcmrds ckièsthfds ms?

346d) 346g) 346f) 346c) 343

Nds rm`rhnmrdjtm. Nds jdturdb y ndsöbmk. Fdrgöj jdturdb. Bmôd y dsthbbds.

Fdbm`dffhöj y dhrm dfkjchfhkjdck. Mb shstmid cm dhrm dfkjchfhkjdck cmjkihjdck `djfkhb  sumbm fkbkfdrsm? JK  sumbm

343d) 343g) 343f) 343c)

Mj `dfadcd mxtmrhkr. Mj bd pdrmc. Mj mb sumbk. Mj mb tmfak.

1>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

11

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 78 

Smid 78 34=

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd dcmfudcd. Vm trdtd cm gkfds mj supmr`hfhm fkjmftdcds d bd rmc cm dnud fkjtrd hjfmjchks mj bks mxtmrhkrms pröxhiks db mch`hfhk, cm `krid qum pumcdj fkjmftdrsm idjnumrds pdrd su uthbhzdfhöj mj nmjmrdb pkr gkigmrks/ds.

34=d) 34=g) 34=f) 34=c) 340

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd fkrrmftd.. Ms uj dpdrdtk dpdrdtk dutöjkik dutöjkik qum fkjthmjm fkjthmjm uj dnmjtm dnmjtm mxthjtkr mb fudb pumcm smr prkymftdck y chrhnhck skgrm uj `umnk pkr bd dffhöj cm ujd prmshöj hjtmrjd.

340d) 340g) 340f) 340c) 34>

Vhstmids cm dgdstmfhihmjtk cm dnud fkjtrd hjfmjchks. Vhstmids cm Ahcrdjtms Mxtmrhkrms. Mxthjtkrms cm hjfmjchks. Vhstmid cm cmtmffhöj cm hjfmjchks.

Vkj mxthjtkrms qum fkjthmjmj dnud prmsurhzdcd, mspuid k quéihfk smfk, fkigdtmj `umnks qum fkjthmjmj idtmrhdbms krnäjhfks söbhcks y `kridj grdsds?

34>d) 34>g) 34>f) 34>c) 341

Vhstmids cm dgdstmfhihmjtk cm dnud fkjtrd hjfmjchks. Vhstmids cm ahcrdjtms mxtmrhkrms. Mxthjtkrms cm hjfmjchks. Vhstmid cm cmtmffhöj cm hjfmjchks.

Mxthjtkrms thpk «D¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «G¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «F¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «C¼.

Vkj mxthjtkrms qum fkjthmjmj mspuid, chöxhck cm fdrgkjk, fdrgkjk, bks cm usk iÿbthpbm, quéihfk smfk fkiÿj y cm adböj< hiphcmj bd rmdffhöj quéihfd mj fdcmjd.

341d) 341g) 341f) 341c)

Mxthjtkrms thpk «D¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «G¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «F¼. Mxthjtkrms thpk «C¼.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 78 

348

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD mj rmbdfhöj d bd uthbhzdfhöj cm mxthjtkrms?

348d)

Vm cmgm cmgm cmsfdrndr mb mxthjtkr adfhd bd gdsm gdsm cm bd bbdid y vdfhdr mb mxthjtkr mxthjtkr adstd dsmnurdr qum sm ad dpdndck tktdbimjtm y jk ady pmbhnrk qum sm vumbvd d mjfmjcmr. 348g) Dpujtdjck bd dgmrturd cm sdbhcd cmb mxthjtkr mxthjtkr adfhd bd bbdid dprhmtm mb ndthbbk idjtmjhmjc idjtmjhmjckk mb mxthjtkr mj pkshfhöj akrhzkjtdb. 348f) Iumvd bd sdbhcd cmb cmb mxthjtkr cm hzquhmrcd hzquhmrcd d cmrmfad dgdrfdjck dgdrfdjck tkcd tkcd mb ärmd ärmd cmb `umnk. 348c) Jk fkigdtd uj hjfmjchk hjfmjchk cm mspdbcd db `umnk, shmiprm shmiprm thmjm qum tmjmr tmjmr d bd vhstd bd zkjd zkjd cm `umnk. 375

Bds fkjchfhkjms cm prktmffhöj fkjtrd hjfmjchks mj bks mch`hfhks mstäj mstdgbmfhcds mj mb ckfuimjtk gäshfk fkrrmspkjchmjtm cmb?

375d) 375g) 375f) 375c) 374

Föchnk Sèfjhfk cm bd Mch`hfd Mch`hfdfhöj. fhöj. Föchnk Sèfjhfk cm bd Urktmffh Urktmffhöj öj cm Hjfmjchks. Föchnk Sèfjhfk cm Vmnurhcdc. Föchnk Sèfjhfk cm Vdbuc y Urmvmjfhöj.

Bks mch`hfhks mstäj fkipdrthimjtdcks mj smftkrms cm hjfmjchk. Mstk d`mftd d?

374d)

Bds pdrmcms, pdrmcms, tmfaks y pumrtds qum cmbhihtdj cmbhihtdj bks bks smftkrms y d bd prkphd mstrufturd mstrufturd cmb mch`hfhk. 374g) Bds pdrmcms, pdrmcms, tmfaks y pumrtds qum cmbhihtdj cmbhihtdj bks smftkrms, pmrk jk d bd prkphd mstrufturd mstrufturd cmb mch`hfhk. 374f)

D prkphd mstrufturd cmb mch`hfhk, prkphd mch`hfhk, pmrk jk d bds pdrmcms, tmfaks y pumrtds qum qum cmbhihtdj cmbhihtdj bksbdsmftkrms. 374c) Bds pumrtds qum qum cmbhihtd cmbhihtd bks smftkrms, smftkrms, pmrk jk jk d bks tmfaks, tmfaks, pdrmcms pdrmcms y d bd prkphd mstrufturd cmb mch`hfhk. 377

»Fdcd fuäjtk thmipk sm cmgmj rmdbhzdr bds kpmrdfhkjms pmrthjmjtms pdrd mb idjtmjhihmjtk cm bds hjstdbdfhkjms cm prktmffhöj fkjtrd hjfmjchks cm bds fkbuijds smfds;

377d) 377g) 377f) 377c) 376

Fdcd uj ims. Fdcd trms imsms. Fdcd smhs imsms. Fdcd jumvm imsms.

»Fdcd fuäjtk thmipk sm cmgmj rmdbhzdr bds kpmrdfhkjms pmrthjmjtms pdrd mb idjtmjhihmjtk cm bds hjstdbdfhkjms cm prktmffhöj fkjtrd hjfmjchks cm bks mxthjtkrms cm hjfmjchks;

376d) 376g) 376f) 376c)

Fdcd uj ims. Fdcd trms imsms. Fdcd smhs imsms. Fdcd jumvm imsms.

18

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

85

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 65 

Smid 65 373

Bd smnurhcdc dfthvd k prhidrhd sm rm`hmrm d?

373d)

Skcks bks mbmimjtks, mbmimjtks, chspkshthvks chspkshthvks k shstmids qum qum hjfkrpkrd hjfkrpkrd mb vmaéfubk pdrd mvhtdr uj dffhcmjtm k, mj fdsk cm qum sm prkcuzfd, mvhtdr k rmcufhr db iéjhik bds fkjsmfumjfhds skgrm bds pmrskjds kfupdjtms k skgrm tmrfmrds pmrskjds. 373g) Skcks dqumbbks dqumbbks mbmimjtks, mbmimjtks, chspkshthvks chspkshthvks k shstmids shstmids qum hjfkrpkrd mb mb vmaéfubk fkj mb `hj cm mvhtdr k rmcufhr db iéjhik bds fkjsmfumjfhds skgrm bds pmrskjds kfupdjtms k skgrm tmrfmrds pmrskjds fudjck mb dffhcmjtm sm prkcufm. 373f) Skcks dqumbbks mbmimjtks qum hjfkrpkrd mb vmaéfubk y qum pumcmj fkjtrhguhr d mvhtdr uj dffhcmjtm. 373c) Skcks dqumbbks mbmimjtks d chspkshfhöj cm bd pmrskjd qum fkjcufm mb vmaéfubk y qum fkjtrhguymj d kpthihzdr bd fkjcuffhöj cmb ihsik. 37=

»Fuäbms cm bks shnuhmjtms skj mbmimjtks cm smnurhcdc dfthvd;

37=d) 37=g) 37=f) 37=c) 370

»Fuäbms cm bks shnuhmjtms skj mbmimjtks cm smnurhcdc pdshvd;

370d) 370g) 370f) 370c) 37>

Bks dhrgdn. Bds rumcds. Bks adghtäfubk adghtäfubkss cm smnurhcdc. Bks rmpksdfdgmz rmpksdfdgmzds. ds.

Bds rumcds. Mb dhrgdn. Mb dbuigrdck. Bd suspmjshöj.

Mj rmbdfhöj fkj mb dbuigrdck, ms fhmrtk qum cmgmiks rmvhsdr mb fkrrmftk `ujfhkjdihmjtk cm tkcds bds bäipdrds y mb rmnbdom cm bd dbturd cm bks `drks, db imjks?

37>d) Chdrhdimjtm. 37>g) ]jd vmz d bd smidjd. 37>f) 37>c) ]jd ]jd vmz vmz db db ims. dôk.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 65 

371

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd fkj rmbdfhöj d bks jmuiäthfks.

371d)

Skcks bks bks jmuiäthfks jmuiäthfks thmjmj bd ihsid dcamrmjfhd, cm bd qum qum cmpmjcm cmpmjcm tkcd bd smnurhcdc smnurhcdc mj idrfad cmb vmaéfubk. 371g) Mb duimjtk cm tmipmrdturd tmipmrdturd cm bks bks jmuiäthfks jmuiäthfks prkvkfd ujd chsihjufhöj chsihjufhöj cm bd prmshöj cm bks ihsiks. 371f) Cmgmiks fkiprkgdr bd prmshöj cm bks jmuiäthfks mj fdbhmjtm, fdbhmjtm, cmspuès cmspuès cm cm rmfkrrmr db imjks 45 k 47 li, k adgmr rkcdck db imjks curdjtm ujd akrd. 371c) Bds rumcds cm uj ihsik mom cmgmj cm mstdr shmiprm fkj bd ihsid prmshöj. 378

Bd prmshöj cm bks jmuiäthfks sm ihcm fkj?

378d) 378g) 378f) 378c) 365

Mb ahnröimtrk. Mb idjöimtrk. Mb fdbhgrm. Mb gdröimtrk.

Bks dikrthnudckrms `kridj pdrtm?

365d) Cm bd chrmffhöj cmb vmaéfubk. 365g) Cmb shstmid cm `rmjdck cmb vmaéfubk. 365f) Cm bd suspmjshöj cmb vmaéfubk. 365c) Cmb shstmid cm rm`rhnmrdfhöj cmb vmaéfubk. 364

Mb fkjoujtk cm mbmimjtks cmb vmaéfubk qum pmrihtmj ikch`hfdr bd trdymftkrhd cmb ihsik, fdighdjck mb äjnubk cm cmrhvd cm bds rumcds chrmftrhfms ms?

364d) 364g) 364f) 364c) 367

Mb shstmid cm `rmjdck. Mb dbuigrdck. Bd suspmjshöj. Bd chrmffhöj.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd.

367d) Bd prmshöj prmshöj cm bks jmuiäthfks jmuiäthfks JK JK hj`buym hj`buym mj mb shstmid shstmid cm chrmffhöj. 367g) Bds akbnu akbnurds rds mj bks mbmimjtks cmb shstmid cm chrmffhöj chrmffhöj ikch`hfdj, ikch`hfdj, pkr sé skbks, bd krhmjkrhmjtdfhöj cm bds rumcds. 367f) Bds dvmréds mj bds rumcds k mj mb shstmid shstmid cm `rmjdck `rmjdck shmiprm skj fdusdcds pkr bks cmsdoustms cmsdous tms mj mb shstmid cm chrmffhöj. 367c) Bks cm`mftks cm`mftks cm bd chrmffhöj sm rm`bmodj mj uj cmsndstm rmnubdr rmnubdr cm bd gdjcd fmjtrdb cmb jmuiäthfk. 366

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD. Udrd jk fkrrmr rhmsnks hjjmfmsdrhks fkj mb shstmid cm `rmjdck ady qum tmjmr mj fumjtd?

366d)

Wmvhsdr, db imjks imjks ujd vmz db dôk, dôk, mb mstdck mstdck cm bks bks chsfks y cm bds pdsthbbds pdsthbbds cm `rmjk, `rmjk, bks bdthnuhbbks y bks gkighjms gkighjms.. 366g) Wmvhsdr smidjdbimjtm smidjdbimjtm mb jhvmb cmb cmb béquhck cm `rmjks y susthtuhrbk fdcd cks dôks k fkj bd `rmfumjfhd cmtmrihjdcd pkr mb `dgrhfdjtm. ` dgrhfdjtm. 366f) Wmvhsdr, db imjks imjks ujd vmz db ims, ims, bds bufms cm näbhgk y mb rmnbdom rmnbdom cm bd dbturd cm bds ihsids. 366c) Wmvhsdr bdthnuhbbks pkr ckjcm ckjcm fhrfubd fhrfubd mb béquhck béquhck jk prmsmjtdj nrhmtds, idjfads idjfads k `unds. qum bks bdthnuhbbks

84

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

87

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 65 

363

Mb jhvmb cmb béquhck cm `rmjks cmgm mstdr? 363d) 363g) 363f) 363c)

36=

»Fuäb cm bks shnuhmjtms tmids cm `rmjdck; 36=d) 36=g) 36=f) 36=c)

360

Vkgrm bd idrfd cm IDQ., shj qum rmgksm. Mj mb pujtk imchk cmb cmpöshtk. Mjtrm bds idrfds cm IDQ. y IHJ. Oustk pkr mjfhid cm bd idrfd cm IHJ.

  ms JK  ms

uj chspkshthvk cm smnurhcdc dfthvd rmbdfhkjdck fkj bks shs-

Mb Vhstmid Djthgbkqumk k DGV. Mb dhrgdn k shstmid VWV (Vhstmid cm Vmnurhcdc Vupbmimjtdrhk). Mb GDV k Vhstmid cm Dshstmjfhd d bd @rmjdcd cm Mimrnmjfhd). Mb Urknrdid mbmftröjhfk cm mstdghbhcdc k MVU.

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd fkj rmbdfhöj db Vhstmid Djthgbkqumk DGV. DGV. 360d) 360g) 360f) 360c)

Ihmjtrds mb DGV mstä dftudjck, sm jktd ujd mspmfhm cm tmigbkr k cm rmgktms mj mb vkbdjtm. Mb DGV rmnubd bd hjtmjshcdc cm bd `rmjdcd, cmpmjchmjck cm bd skgrmprmshöj qum momrfm quhmj fkjcufm. Mb DGV DGV pmrihtm idjtmjmr idjtmjmr bd chrmffhkjdbhcdc hjfbusk fkj mb `rmjk phsdck d `kjck. Mj mb fdsk cm `rmjdcds mxtrmids bd tèfjhfd pdrd `rmjdr fkj DGV ms bd ihsid qum mj mb shstmid fkjvmjfhkjdb.

36>

Mb shstmid cm dhrm dfkjchfhkjdck? 36>d) 36>g) 36>f) 36>c)

361

Vh su`rhiks ujd fkbhshöj? 361d) 361g) 361f) 361c)

368

Ms rmfkimjcdgbm rmvhsdr mb fhjturöj cm smnurhcdc. Ms hiprmsfhjchgbm fdighdr mb fhjturöj cm smnurhcdc. Cmgmiks bhiphdr mb fhjturöj cm smnurhcdc fkj uj prkcuftk quéihfk quéihfk dcmfudck. Bds `hgrds qum fkipkjmj mb fhjturöj cm smnurhcdc rmfupmrdj su mstrufturd db ikimjtk.

Bks mbmimjtks cmb dhrgdn, mj `ujfhöj cm bk qum hjchqum mb bhgrk cm idjtmjhihmjtk cmb dutkiövhb, cmgmräj pdsdr ujd rmvhshöj, qum sumbm smr hjchfdcd? 368d) 368g) 368f) 368c)

335

Adgrä qum fdighdrbk fdcd cks dôks, dujqum `ujfhkjm fkrrmftdimjtm. Adgrä qum fdighdrbk fdcd dôk k imjks, imjks, cm dfumrck d bds hjstruffhkjms cmb `dgrhfdjtm. Vm pumcm rmfdrndr mj fudbquhmr tdbbmr, tdbbmr, shj jmfmshcdc cm idquhjdrhd mspmfhdbhzdcd. Vm rmfdrnd fkj nds rm`rhnmrdjtm, iuy fkjtdihjdjtm, y söbk mj shthks mspmfhdbhzdcks. mspmfhdbhzdcks.

Djudbimjtm. Fdcd fhjfk dôks. Fdcd 45.555 li. Fdcd 75.555 li.

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj HJFKWWMFSD  mj rmbdfhöj fkj mb fhrfuhtk cm mjnrdsm k bugrhfdfhöj. 335d) 335g) 335f) 335c)

Fkj ujd vdrhbbd hjchfdckrd, fkj uj mxtrmik `umrd cmb iktkr y mb ktrk mj mb hjtmrhkr cmb färtmr. Ms rmfkimjcdgbm rmfkimjcdgbm susthtuhr mb `hbtrk cm dfmhtm fkj fdcd fdighk cm dfmhtm. Fkj mb iktkr mj `rék k d tmipmrdturd cm smrvhfhk, smnÿj cmtmrihjm mb idjudb cm hjstruffhkjms. Db hr mjvmomfhmjck mb iktkr, ms fkjvmjhmjtm chsihjuhr bd `rmfumjfhd cm bks fdighks cm dfmhtm.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 65 

334

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd fkj rmbdfhöj db Vhstmid cm rm`rhnmrdfhöj.

334d)

Fudjck sm dôdcd béquhck rm`rhnmrdjtm, sm sm ad cm bbmjdr bbmjdr fkipbmtdimjtm fkipbmtdimjtm mb cmpöshtk cm mxpdjshöj. 334g) Ms hipkrtdjtm dgrhr mb tdpöj tdpöj cmb fhrfuhtk fhrfuhtk cm rm`rhnmrdfhöj rm`rhnmrdfhöj fkj fkj mb iktkr iktkr fdbhmjtm pdrd qum sdbnd mb vdpkr. 334f) Mj bks iktkrms fkj fkj cks fkrrmds `ujfhkjdjck `ujfhkjdjck mj pdrdbmbk, pdrdbmbk, sh ujd ujd cm mbbds thmjm qum smr rmmipbdzdcd, cmgmj fdighdrsm bds cks. 334c) Vh ady nrhmtds nrhmtds mj mb mxtmrhkr cmb fumrpk fumrpk cm bd gkigd gkigd cm fhrfubdfhöj fhrfubdfhöj cmb cmb rm`rhnmrdjtm, rm`rhnmrdjtm, adgrä qum tdpdrbds cm dfumrck d bds hjstruffhkjms cmb `dgrhfdjtm. 337

Vmôdbm bd kpfhöj HJFKWWMFSD. Mstds skj dbnujds cm bds prhjfhpdbms ch`mrmjfhds y vmjtd ods dskfhdcds d bks vmaéfubks aégrhcks rmspmftk d su idjtmjhihmjtk?

337d) 337g) 337f) 337c) 336

Mj su idykréd, skj dutkiäthfks, pkr bk bk qum qum bbmvdj bbmvdj migrdnum migrdnum idjudb. D bk bdrnk cm su vhcd ÿthb fkjsuimj imjks dfmhtm qum uj vmaéfubk fkjvmjfhkjdb. Mb pmcdb cm `rmjk mj uj aégrhck ms mbmftröjhf mbmftröjhfk. k. Cmghck sus gdods mihshkjms, mb `hbtrk djthpdrtéfubds sm idjthmjm idjthmjm bhiphk bhiphk iäs iäs thmipk. thmipk.

Mj bd dftudbhcdc, bds gdtmréds cm uj vmaéfubk mbèftrhfk, tdjtk prhjfhpdb fkik duxhbhdrms, mstäj prmpdrdcds pdrd curdr?

336d)

Cm = d 45 dôks.

336g) 336f) Cm Cm 45 4= dd 4= 75 dôks. dôks. 336c) Skcd bd vhcd ÿthb cm vmaéfubk. 333

Mb fkfam mbèftrhfk, dujqum iäs shipbm qum mb fkfam cm fkigusthöj k mb vmaéfubk aégrhck, sé fumjtd fkj?

333d) Fdod cm fdighks. 333g) Chrmffhöj. 333f) Migrdnum. 333c) @hbtrks cm dfmhtm. 33=

Bds fdrnds räphcds pmrihtmj qum bd gdtmréd rmfupmrm, mj uj pmrékck cm thmipk iuy fkrtk?

33=d) 33=g) 33=f) 33=c)

Mb =5% cm su fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc.. Mb 05% cm su fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc.. Mb 15% cm su fdpdfhcdc fdpdfhcdc.. Mb 455% cm su fdpdfhcd fdpdfhcdc. c.

86

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

83

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 64

Smid 64 330

»Tuè ms uj fhgmrjdutd;

330d) 330g) 330f) 330c) 33>

Vd`drh ms?

33>d) 33>g) 33>f) 33>c)

331

Mb jdvmndckr iäs uthbhzdck mj bd dftudbhcdc. Mb jdvmndckr uthbhzdck mj shstmids kpmrdthvks Bhjux. Mb jdvmndckr prmhjstdbdck mj bks chspkshthvks Dppbm. ]j jdvmndckr jdvmndckr dpmjds uthbhzdck uthbhzdck (söbk uj 7,11%) 7,11%) qum sm uthbhzö mj bks hjhfhks cm Hjtmrjmt Hjtmrjmt y dftudbimjtm ad qumcdck kgskbmtk.

Kpmrd?

331d) 331g) 331f) 331c) 338

]j/d hj`kriäthfk/d prk`mshkjdb. ]jd pmrskjd qum jdvmnd pkr Hjtmrjmt. ]j/d prknrdidckr/d hj`kriäthfk/d. ]j thpk cm jdvmndckr.

Ms uj jdvmndckr frmdck pkr bd miprmsd miprmsd jkrumnd jkrumnd Kpmrd Vk`twdrm. Ms mb jdvmndckr prmcmtmrih prmcmtmrihjdck jdck cm Dppbm. Jk ms fkipdthgbm fkj Ihfrksk`t ^hjckws. Shmjm vmrshkjms pdrd krcmjdckr krcmjdckr cm imsd, imsd, pmrk jk pdrd pdrd iövhbms iövhbms y tdgbmtds.

Udrd rmdbhzdr gÿsqumcds mj uj jdvmndckr?

338d)

Vm cmgm msfrhghr bd ]WB fkipbmtd mj bd gdrrd cm chrmffhkjms, sh jk, mb jdvmndckr jdvmndckr jk pumcm rmdbhzdr bd gÿsqumcd. 338g) Urhimrk sm cmgm hjhfhdr smshöj mj mb jdvmndckr. 338f) Vm uthbhzd bd gdrrd cm cm chrmffhkjms chrmffhkjms y d imchcd imchcd qum sm msfrhgm, msfrhgm, mb jdvmndckr jdvmndckr rmdbhzd rmdbhzd sunmrmjfhds dutkiäthfds cm gÿsqumcd. 338c) Skcds bds rmspumstds skj hjfkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 64

3=5

Hjhfhdr smshöj mj nkknbm Farkim. »Fuäb cm bds shnuhmjtms shnuhmjtms rmspumstds ms HJFKWWMFSD; 

3=5d)

Ms rmfkimjcdgbm rmfkimjcdgbm hjhfhdr hjhfhdr smshöj mj krcmjdckrms krcmjdckrms fkipdrthcks fkipdrthcks k cm usk pÿgbhfk, pdrd idykr smnurhcdc y prhvdfhcdc. 3=5g) Db hjhfhdr smshöj smshöj mj uj jdvmndckr, jdvmndckr, mstm nudrcd mb ahstkrhdb cm jdvmndfhöj y shjfrkjhzd ktrks cdtks mjtrm chspkshthvks. 3=5f) Hipbhfd ujd fkikchcdc mj mb dffmsk d fhmrtd fhmrtd hj`kridfhöj y mj uthbhzdr uthbhzdr bks smrvhfhks smrvhfhks cm Nkknbm fkj tdj skbk dgrhrbks. 3=5c) Hipbhfd qum Nkknbm thmjm dffmsk d bks cdtks cm bd pmrskjd qum hjhfhd bd smshöj y qum pumcm uthbhzdrbks. 3=4

Mj rmbdfhöj rmbdfhöj d bd hjtmr`dz cmb jdvmndckr, »fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd; fkrrmftd;

3=4d) Mj ujd ÿjhfd pmstdôd sm pkcräj dgrhr chsthjtds vmjtdjds. 3=4g) Mj bd vmjtdjd sm mjfumjtrd mjfumjtrd mb mb dffmsk db imjÿ imjÿ prhjfhpdb prhjfhpdb cmb cmb jdvmndckr. jdvmndckr. 3=4f) Bds vmjtdjds vmjtdjds skj chjäihfds, bk qum shnjh`hfd qum qum sm pumcm smbmffhkjdr y drrdstrdr pdrd pdrd fdighdr mb krcmj cm bd ihsid. 3=4c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 3=7

»Tuè shnjh`hfd mb hfkjk (+) d bd cmrmfad cm ujd pmstdôd dghmrtd;

3=7d)

Umrihtm duimjtdr mb tdidôk cm bd pänhjd dftudb.

3=7g) 3=7f) Umrihtm Umrihtm dgrhr dgrhr ujd ujd vmjtdjd pmstdôd jumvd. jumvd mj bd ihsid ihsid vmjtdjd. 3=7c) Jk dpdrmfm jhjnÿj hfkjk cm msm thpk d bd cmrmfad cm ujd pmstdôd dghmrtd. 3=6

»Tuè shnjh`hfd mb hfkjk (‖) d bd cmrmfad cm ujd pmstdôd dghmrtd;

3=6d) 3=6g) 3=6f) 3=6c) 3=3

Umrihtm chsihjuhr mb tdidôk cm bd pänhjd dftudb. Umrihtm fmrrdr bd vmjtdjd prhjfhpdb. Umrihtm fmrrdr bd ÿbthid pmstdôd qum sm ad dghmrtk. Jk dpdrmfm jhjnÿj hfkjk cm msm thpk d bd cmrmfad cm ujd pmstdôd dghmrtd.

Jdvmndfhöj prhvdcd prhvdcd mj Farkim. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd;

3=3d)

Udsks pdrd dffmcmr dffmcmr d ujd ujd jdvmndfhöj jdvmndfhöj prhvdcd? mj mb hfkjk cm fkj`hnurdfhöj (d bd cmrmfad cm bd gdrrd cm chrmffhkjms), sm dgrm mb imjÿ prhjfhpdb, dbbé sm cmgm fbhfdr bd kpfhöj «jumvd vmjtdjd prhvdcd¼. 3=3g) Vm pumcm dffmcmr d bd jdvmndfhöj prhvdcd imchdjtm mb tmfbdck pubsdjck bds tmfbds Ftrb+Idyÿs+U. 3=3f) Vh dgrms ujd vmjtdjd vmjtdjd cm hjfönjhtk hjfönjhtk y dgrms ktrd, ktrd, bd smshöj smshöj prhvdcd jk fkjthjudrä fkjthjudrä mj bd jumvd vmjtdjd, sm cmgm dfthvdr cm jumvk mb ikck hjfönjhtk mj bd jumvd vmjtdjd. 3=3c) Ms ujd jdvmndfhöj fkj fkstm mfkjöihfk. 3==

»Tuè kfurrm fudjck sm jdvmnd mj prhvdck mj Farkim;

3==d)

Farkim nudrcd nudrcd mb ahstkrhdb ahstkrhdb cm jdvmndfhöj, pmrk jk bds fkklhms, bks cdtks cm shthks wmg jh bd hj`kridfhöj hjtrkcufhcd mj bks `kriubdrhks. 3==g) Vm mbhihjdj bks idrfdckrms qum sm adydj dôdchck. 3==f) Jk sm mbhihjdj bks drfahvks qum sm adydj cmsfdrndck. 3==c) Bd dfthvhcdc rmdbhzdcd pkr bd pmrskjd qum jdvmnd jdvmnd jk pumcm pumcm smr smr vhstd pkr su miprmsd, fmjtrk mcufdthvk k prkvmmckr cm smrvhfhks cm Hjtmrjmt.

8=

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

80

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 64

3=0

Udrd jdvmndr mj ikck prhvdck mj Ikzhbbd @hrm`kx, @hrm`kx, »föik sm dffmcm cmscm mb tmfbdck;

3=0d) 3=0g) 3=0f) 3=0c) 3=>

Jdvmndckrms y gusfdckrms. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD; 

3=>d) 3=>g) 3=>f) 3=>c) 3=1

Bks jdvmndckrm jdvmndckrmss sm hjstdbdj mj mb chsfk curk. Bks gusfdckrms gusfdckrms mstäj mj Hjtmrjmt Hjtmrjmt y jk rmquhmrmj hjstdbdfhöj. Jk pkcmiks pkcmiks dffmcmr d uj gusfdckr sh fdrmfmiks fdrmfmiks cm uj uj jdvmndckr. jdvmndckr. ]j jdvmndckr jk pumcm hjhfhdrs hjhfhdrsmm mj dusmjfhd cm ujd fkjmxhöj d Hjtmrjmt.

Db rmdbhzdr rmdbhzdr ujd gÿsqumcd, »cm què ktrd `krid sm cmjkihjd d bd(s) pdbdgrd(s) fbdvm;

3=1d) 3=1g) 3=1f) 3=1c) 3=8

Ftrb+J Ftrb+Idyÿs.+J Ftrb+U Ftrb+Idyÿs.+U

Cmsfrhptkr. Gusfdckr. Vmbmffhkjdckr. Fkjsubtkr.

»D què adfmj rm`mrmjfhd bds pdbdgrds fbdvm;

3=8d) D bds fkjtrdsmôds qum sm uthbhzdj uthbhzdj mj mj ch`mrmjtms ch`mrmjtms pänhjds cm Hjtmrjmt. Hjtmrjmt. 3=8g) D bks frhtmrhks cm gÿsqumcd gÿsqumcd qum sm uthbhzdj mj Hjtmrjmt Hjtmrjmt pdrd mjfkjtrdr mjfkjtrdr cmtmrihjdcd cmtmrihjdcd hj`kridfhöj. 3=8f) D bds pdbdgrds pdbdgrds qum sm uthbhzdj pdrd fkiprkgdr fkiprkgdr qum ms ujd pmrskjd bd qum mstä uthbhzdjck uthbhzdjck Hjtmrjmt y jk uj rkgkt. 3=8c) Db smrvhfhk cm dyucd qum k`rmfm Nkknbm. 305

Mb gusfdckr Nkknbm. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD; 

305d)

Umrihtm rmdbhzdr rmdbhzdr gÿsqumcds gÿsqumcds pkr vkz, pdrd mbbk cmgm cmgm cmfhrsm «Kl Nkknbm¼ Nkknbm¼ k smbmffhkjdr mb ihfrö`kjk. 305g) Dcvhmrtm qum qum sm cmgm uthbhzdr fkrrmftdimjtm fkrrmftdimjtm bd krtknrd`éd y idyÿsfubds mj fdsk cm jkigrms prkphks pdrd rmdbhzdr gÿsqumcds m`hfdfms. 305f) Nkknbm ms uj iktkr cm gÿsqumcd cmb jdvmndckr Nkknbm Farkim. 305c) Mj mb fudcrk cm gÿsqumcd cm Nkknbm sm cmgmj hjtrkcufhr mb tèrihjk k tèrihjks cm fkjsubtd. 304

Bks rmsubtdcks cm gÿsqumcd. »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD; 

304d) 304g) 304f) 304c) 307

Vkj dqumbbds dqumbbds kpfhkjms kpfhkjms qum jks cmvumbvmj cmvumbvmj bks gusfdckrms gusfdckrms trds rmdbhzdr ujd gÿsqumcd. gÿsqumcd. Skcks bks gusfdckrms cmvumbvmj bks ihsiks rmsubtdcks rmsubtdcks.. Bks `dftkrms cm pkshfhkjdihmjtk adfmj qum ujd pänhjd pänhjd dpdrmzfd mj ujd pkshfhöj u ktrd. Mb rmsubtdck cm bd gÿsqumcd ms sugomthvk.

@dftkrms cm pkshfhkjdihmjtk mj bks rmsubtdcks rmsubtdcks cm gÿsqumcds. »Fuäb »Fuäb ms bd rmspumstd fkrrmftd; fkrrmf td;

307d)

Bks `dftkrms hjtmrjks skj? skj? bd fdbhcdc fdbhcdc cm bds pänhjds qum bds mjbdzdj, bds bds imjfhkjms imjfhkjms mj bds rmcms skfhdbms, mtf… 307g) Mjtrm bks `dftkrms cm pkshfhkjdihm pkshfhkjdihmjtk jtk mxtmrjks mxtmrjks sm mjfumjtrd mjfumjtrd mb mb prkphk fkjtmjhck cm bd pänhjd. 307f) Bks `dftkrms cm pkshfhkjdihmjtk pkshfhkjdihmjtk mstäj mj fkjthjuk fdighk y sm chvhcmj chvhcmj mj `dftkrms hjtmrjks y mxtmrjks. 307c) Skcds bds rmspumstds skj hjfkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 64

306

Mb rmsubtdck cm gÿsqumcd, »què pdrtms thmjm;

306d) 306g) 306f) 306c)

303

Sétubk, ]WB cm bd pänhjd, pänhjd, hj`kridfhöj dchfhkjdb y cmsfrhpfhöj. cmsfrhpfhöj. Jÿimrk cm `dftkrms `dftkrms cm pkshfhkjdihm pkshfhkjdihmjtk jtk mjfkjtrdcks mjfkjtrdcks y ]WB cm bd pänhjd. Udbdgrds fbdvm mjfkjtrdcds, cmsfrhpfhöj cm bd pänhjd pänhjd y ]WB. ]WB. Jÿimrk cm pkshfhöj mj bd bhstd cm rmsubtdcks, rmsubtdcks, ]WB cm cm bd pänhjd, pänhjd, hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj dchfhkjdb dchfhkjdb y cmsfrhpfhöj.

»Föik sm dfthvd bd `ujfhöj fdbfubdckrd mj nkknbm;

303d) 303g) 303f) 303c)

Msfrhghm jck mj mb fudcrk cm gÿsqumcd bd pdbdgrd fdbfubdckrd. Msfrhghmjck Dffhkjdjck mb hfkjk mj `krid cm fdbfubdckrd fdbfubdckrd d bd hzquhmrcd cmb fudcrk fudcrk cm gÿsqumcd gÿsqumcd.. Smfbmdjck chrmftdimjtm bd kpmrdfhöj kpmrdfhöj idtmiäthfd mj mb fudcrk fudcrk cm cm gÿsqumcd. gÿsqumcd. Nkknbm jk thmjm chfad `ujfhöj.

8>

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

81

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 67 

Smid 67 30=

Smjmr ujd mstrdtmnhd fbdrd pdrd fdcd `dsm cmb fhfbk cm bd hj`kridfhöj.

30=d)

Jks pmrihtm kpthihzdr bds dffhkjms qum qum bbmvmiks bbmvmiks d fdgk fdgk fkj bks cdtks, bd hj`kridfhöj hj`kridfhöj y mb fkjtmjhck chnhtdb qum idjmomiks. 30=g) Jk rmsubtd rmsubtd m`hfhmjtm, m`hfhmjtm, pkr bk qum qum ms fkjvmjhmjtm mvhtdr mstrdtmnhds mstrdtmnhds prmvhds. 30=f) ßjhfdimjtm fkjvhmjm tmjmrbd pdrd bd gÿsqumc gÿsqumcdd cm cdtks juièrhfks. juièrhfks. 30=c) Jk rmsubtd rmsubtd m`hfdz, m`hfdz, pkr bk qum qum ms fkjvmjhmjtm fkjvmjhmjtm mvhtdr mstrdtmnhds mstrdtmnhds prmvhds. prmvhds. 300

Mb prkfmsk cm dbidfmjdom y rmfupmrdfhöj cm fkjtmjhck chnhtdb ms ch`mrmjtm cmpmjchmjck cm?

300d) 300g) 300f) 300c) 30>

Mb bundr bundr mj mb qum qum nudrcdrmiks nudrcdrmiks k dbidfmjdrmiks bks drfahvks drfahvks k fdrpmtds. Mb thpk cm fkjtmjhck d nudrcdr y rmfupmrdr. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd. Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds.

Wmspmftk d bd ch`mrmjfhd mjtrm drfahvks y fdrpmtds?

30>d)

Jk ady ujd ch`mrmjfhd fbdrd mjtrm drfahvks y fdrpmtds.

30>g) Fdcd ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtk sm bbdid drfahvk, y sm dbidfmjd dbidfmjd jkridbimjtm jkridbimjtm mj fdrpmtds. fdrpmtds. 30>f) ]jd fdrpmtd pumcm fkjtmjmr fdrpmtds, qum sm bbdidrédj sugfdrpmtds. 30>c) Bds rmspumstds g) y f) skj fkrrmftds. 301

Udrd nudrcdr y krndjhzdr drfahvks mj uj krcmjdckr cm skgrmimsd k pkrtäthb, tmjcrmiks mj fumjtd bds shnuhmjtms pdutds?

301d) 301g) 301f) 301c) 308

Mstdgbmfmr ujd mstrufturd fbdrd cm fdrpmtds y sugfdrpmtds. ]thbhzdr jkigrms dutkmxpbhfdthvks dutkmxpbhfdthvks.. Nudrcdr fdcd fdcd ckfuimjtk ckfuimjtk mj bd fdrpmtd fdrpmtd fkrrmspkjchmjtm fkrrmspkjchmjtm cmscm mb prhjfhphk. prhjfhphk. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Udrd pkcmr hcmjth`hfdr uj drfahvk k fdrpmtd `äfhbimjtm, ms dfkjsmodgbm qum tmjnd uj jkigrm grmvm, dcmiäs sh vd d sughrsm d bd jugm, fkjvhmjm?

308d) 308g) 308f) 308c)

Vh mb jkigrm mstä fkipumstk fkipumstk pkr iäs cm ujd ujd pdbdgrd, pdbdgrd, jk usdr mspdfhks. mspdfhks. Jk usdr fdrdftmrms hjfkipdthgbm hjfkipdthgbmss fkj fkj ktrds shstmids shstmids k pbdtd`krids. Bds rmspumstds d) y g) skj fkrrmftds digds. ]thbhzdr jkigrms jkigrms mj bks qum sm hjfbuyd mb dutkr.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 67 

3>5

Vmôdbm bd rmspumstd HJFKWWMFSD rmspmftk d uj dcihjhstrdckr cm drfahvks, nmstkr cm drfahvks k mxpbkrdckr cm drfahvks (cmb hjnbès `hbm idjdnmr )? )?

3>5d)

Ms uj prknrdid hj`kriäthfk qum prkpkrfhkjd prkpkrfhkjd ujd hjtmr`dz hjtmr`dz cm usudrhk pdrd dcihjhstrdr dcihjhstrdr drfahvks y chrmftkrhks. 3>5g) Bds fdrpmtds y bks `hfamrks pumcmj vhsudbhzdrsm mj mj uj ärgkb ärgkb omrärquhfk gdsdck mj su mstrufturd cm chrmftkrhks. 3>5f)) Bds kpmrdfhkjms iäs fkiujms rmdbhzdcds mj drfahvks k nrupks cm drfahvks hjfbu3>5f ymj, mjtrm ktrks, frmdr, dgrhr, fdighdr jkigrm, fkphdr, ikvmr, mbhihjdr k gusfdr drfahvks. 3>5c) Cmpmjchmjck cmb shstmid kpmrdthvk cm jumstrk krcmjdckr chspkjcrmiks k jk cm uj dcihjhstrdckr cm drfahvks. 3>4

Mj mb shstmid kpmrdthvk cm Ihfrksk`t Ihfrksk`t ^hjckws, mb dcihjhstrdckr cm drfahvks sm bbdid?

3>4d) 3>4g) 3>4f) 3>4c) 3>7

Adfhmjck fbhf mj mb hfkjk qum rmprmsmjtd db «Mxpbkrdckr cm drfahvks¼, qum sm mjfumjtrd jkridbimjtm mj bd gdrrd cm tdrmds, dffmcmräs db ihsik y mjfkjtrdräs, d trdvès cmb dffmsk räphck,?

3>7d) 3>7g) 3>7f) 3>7c) 3>6

Dcihjhstrdckr cm drfahvks. Mxpbkrdckr cm drfahvks. Krndjhzdfhöj cm drfahvks. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Skcds bds fdrpmtds cmb mquhpk. ]jd vhstd nmjmrdb cm bds bds fdrpmtds `rmfumjtms y drfahvks drfahvks rmfhmjtms. rmfhmjtms. Mj mb imjÿ cm bd hzquhmrcd sm mjfumjtrd mjfumjtrd mb mb shstmid cm fdrpmtds. fdrpmtds. Bds rmspumstds g) y f) skj fkrrmftds.

Bd imokr idjmrd cm krndjhzdr bd hj`kridfhöj qum sm quhmrd nudrcdr mj mb krcmjdckr ms?

3>6d)

Mj gdsm db shstmid mstdgbmfhck pkr mb shstmid kpmrdthvk, kpmrdthvk, gdsdck gdsdck mj bd krndjhzdfhöj krndjhzdfhöj cm drfahvks mj ch`mrmjtms fdrpmtds mj gdsm db thpk cm drfahvk d nudrcdr (ckfuimjtks, hiänmjms, iÿshfd, kgomtks 6C, vécmks...). 3>6g) Cmpmjchmjck cm bds jmfmshcdcms cm fdcd usudrhk. 3>6f) Dqumbbd krndjhzdfhöj qum pmrihtd pmrihtd mjfkjtrdr mjfkjtrdr räphcdimjtm räphcdimjtm bks bks drfahvks fudjck sm jmfmshjmfmshtmj. 3>6c) Bds rmspumstds g) y f) skj fkrrmftds. 3>3

Udrd rmdbhzdr chsthjtds dffhkjms d jhvmb cm fdrpmtd, cmgm dffmcmr d bd fdrpmtd fkjfrmtd fkj bd qum quhmrm hjtmrdftudr y?

3>3d)

Adfmr fbhf fkj mb gktöj hzquhmrck. Mjtkjfms sm dgrhrä uj imjÿ imjÿ fkjtmxtudb fkjtmxtudb qum bm hjchfdrä bds dffhkjms qum pumcm rmdbhzdr (mbhihjdr bd fdrpmtd, fdighdr mb jkigrm, mtf.). 3>3g)) Adfmr ckgbm fbhf fkj mb 3>3g mb gktöj hzquhmrck. Mjtkjfms Mjtkjfms sm dgrhrä uj imjÿ imjÿ fkjtmxtudb fkjtmxtudb qum bm hjchfdrä bds dffhkjms qum pumcm rmdbhzdr (mbhihjdr bd fdrpmtd, fdighdr mb jkigrm, mtf.). 3>3f) Adfmr fbhf fkj mb gktöj cmrmfak. Mjtkjfms sm dgrhrä uj imjÿ fkjtmxtudb fkjtmxtudb qum bm hjchfdrä bds dffhkjms qum pumcm rmdbhzdr (mbhihjdr bd fdrpmtd, fdighdr mb jkigrm, mtf.). 3>3c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 3>=

Cmjtrk cmb imjÿ imjÿ fkjtmxtudb cm ujd fdrpmtd, db adfmr fbhf mj prkphmcdcms?

3>=d) 3>=g) 3>=f) 3>=c)

Vm pumcmj vhsudbhzdr bds prkphmcdcm prkphmcdcmss cm bd fdrpmtd. Vm pumcm fkipdrthr k pmrskjdbhzdr bd fdrpmtd. Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

88

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

455

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 67 

3>0

Mj Kutbkkl, bks imjsdoms cm fkrrmk mbmftröjhfk qum hjfbuymj cdtks dcoujtks sm hcmjth`hfdj imchdjtm?

3>0d) 3>0g) 3>0f) 3>0c) 3>>

Kutbkkl dfmptd ujd nrdj vdrhmcdc cm thpks cm drfahvk ch`mrmjtms, pmrk gbkqumd bks cdtks dcoujtks pktmjfhdbimjtm hjsmnurks (hjfbuhcks bks drfahvks .gdt, .mxm, .vgs, y .os) qum pumcmj fkjtmjmr vhrus.

3>>d) 3>>g) 3>>f) 3>>c) 3>1

Mb pdjmb cm bmfturd. Chrmftdimjtm Chrmftd imjtm cmgdok cmb mjfdgmzdck k mb dsujtk cmb imjsdom. Mj mb fumrpk cmb imjsdom. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Udrd nudrcdr bks cdtks dcoujtks, mj prhimr bundr, sm adfm fbhf mj bd `bmfad cmspbmndgbm shtudcd d bd cmrmfad cmb hfkjk cm cdtks dcoujtks. Mj mb imjÿ cm cdtks dcoujtk qum sm cmspbhmnd, pkcmiks mbmnhr mjtrm bds kpfhkjms shnuhmjtms?

3>8d) 3>8g) 3>8f) 3>8c) 315

Udrd pkcmr pkcmr gbkqumdr bks cdtks cdtks dcoujtks, dcoujtks, cmgmiks uthbhzdr mb djthvhrus. djthvhrus. Kutbkkl jk jk pumcm pumcm gbkqumdr gbkqumdr bks cdtks dcoujtks dcoujtks shj mb usk cm uj djthvhrus k `hrmwdbb. Ms tktdbimjtm fhmrtk. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd.

Bks drfahvks dcoujtks cm uj fkrrmk mbmftröjhfk sm vmj mj?

3>1d) 3>1g) 3>1f) 3>1c) 3>8

]j dstmrhsfk (*) mj bd bhstd cm imjsdoms. ]j hfkjk cm fbhp cm pdpmb () mj bd bhstd cm imjsdoms. ]j hfkjk cm mxfbdidfhöj (!) mj bd bhstd cm imjsdoms. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

«Nudrcdr fkik¼. «Nudrcdr tkcks bks cdtks dcoujtks...¼. Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd.

Dcmiäs cm dcoujtdr drfahvks mj imjsdoms cm fkrrmk cm Kutbkkl, tdighèj sm pumcmj dcoujtdr?

315d) Fkjtdftks. 315g) Imjsdoms cm fkrrmk. 315f) Hiänmjms. 315c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 314

Kutbkkl rmdbhzd uj smnuhihmjtk cm bks ckfuimjtks fkj bks qum sm ad trdgdodck rmfhmjtmimjtm, y èstks pumcmj mstdr dbidfmjdcks mj?

314d) 314g) 314f) 314c) 317

Mb mquhpk. Kjm Crhvm (söbk mj bd jugm). Bds rmspumstds d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. Vöbk pumcmj mstdr dbidfmjdcks mj mb mquhpk.

Fudjck sm fkipdrtm uj véjfubk pkr fkrrmk mbmftröjhfk d uj drfahvk fdrndck prmvhdimjtm mj Kjm Crhvm, mxhstm tdighèj bd pkshghbhcdc cm?

317d)

Mstdgbmfmr ktrd smrhm cm pmrihsks pmrihsks pdrd qum bds pmrskjds cmsthjdtdrhds cmb imjsdom imjsdom pumpumcdj vmrbk y mchtdrbk, k fkipdrthrbk fkj ktrks usudrhks/ds. 317g) Mstdgbmfmr ktrd smrhm cm pmrihsks pmrihsks pdrd qum bds pmrskjds cmsthjdtdrhds cmb imjsdom imjsdom pumpumcdj vmrbk y mchtdrbk, pmrk jk pdrd qum pumcdj fkipdrthrbk fkj ktrks usudrhks/ds. 317f) Mstdgbmfmr ktrd smrhm cm pmrihsks pmrihsks pdrd qum bds pmrskjds cmsthjdtdrhds cmb imjsdom imjsdom pumpumcdj vmrbk y fkipdrthrbk, pmrk jk pdrd qum pumcdj mchtdrbk. 317c) Jk ms jmfmsdrhk mstdgbmfmr jhjnÿj thpk cm pmrihsk pdrd pdrd qum bds pmrskjds pmrskjds cmsthjdtdrhds cmb imjsdom pumcdj vmrbk y mchtdrbk k fkipdrthrbk fkj ktrks usudrhks/ds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 66 

Smid 66 316

Vkj kgomthvks cm bd Mrnkjkiéd?

316d) 316g) 316f) 316c) 313

Dcdptdfh öj cmb pumstk cmb mipbmdck k mipbmdcd d sus jmfmshcdcms. Dcdptdfhöj Wmcufhr bks rhmsnks bdgkrdbms. Hjtrkcuffhöj cm jumvds jumvds tmfjkbknéds tmfjkbknéds fkj mb mb kgomthvk kgomthvk cm imokrdr mb rmjchihmjtk rmjchihmjtk bdgkrdb. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Bks trdstkrjks iusfubkmsqumbèthfks (SIM)?

313d)

Vkj ujd cm bds mj`mrimcdcms cm krhnmj jk bdgkrdb iäs fkiujms qum d`mftdj d ihbbkjms cm pmrskjds mj tkcd Murkpd. 313g) Vkj mj`mrimcdcms mj`mrimcdcms cm krhnmj krhnmj bdgkrdb qum d`mftdj d bd mspdbcd, mspdbcd, fumbbk, akigrks y mxtrmihcdcms supmrhkrms. 313f) Nmjmrdj skbk prkgbmids cm sdbuc fkik pmqumôds ikbmsthds y ckbkrms. 313c) Nmjmrdj prkgbmids prkgbmids cm sdbuc qum dgdrfdj cmscm cmscm pmqumôds pmqumôds ikbmsthds ikbmsthds y ckbkrms ckbkrms adstd fudcrks ièchfks iäs nrdvms, pmrk jk sumbmj nmjmrdr shtudfhkjms cm chsfdpdfhcdc. 31=

Bks nrupks prhjfhpdbms cm trdstkrjks iusfubkmsqumbèthfks (SIM) skj?

31=d)

Bks ckbkrms ckbkrms y bds bmshkjms bmshkjms cm mspdbcd, y bks trdstkrjks bdgkrdbms bdgkrdbms cm bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms supmrhkrms (qum sm fkjkfmj fkiÿjimjtm fkiÿjimjtm fkik «bmshkjms pkr ikvhihmjtks rmpmththvks¼). rmpmththvks¼). 31=g) Bks ckbkrms ckbkrms y bds bmshkjms cm mspdbcd, mspdbcd, y bks trdstkrjks bdgkrdbms bdgkrdbms cm bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms hj`mrhkrms (qum sm fkjkfmj fkiÿjimjtm fkiÿjimjtm fkik «bmshkjms pkr ikvhihmjtks rmpmththvks¼). 31=f) Bks trdstkrjks trdstkrjks bdgkrdbms bdgkrdbms cm bds mxtrmihcdcms mxtrmihcdcms supmrhkrms supmrhkrms y bks trdstkrjks bdgkrdbms bdgkrdbms cm cm bds mxtrmihcdcms hj`mrhkrms (qum sm fkjkfmj fkiÿjimjtm fkik «bmshkjms pkr ikvhihmjtks rmpmththvks¼). 31=c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd. 310

Mjtrm bds fdusds `éshfds y bks `dftkrms cm rhmsnks krndjhzdthvks cm bks trdstkrjks iusfubkmsqumbèthfks (SIM) sm hjfbuymj?

310d) 310g) 310f) 310c)

Ikvhihmjtks rmpmththvks k `krzdcks. Idjhpubdfhöj cm fdrnds, mspmfhdbimj mspmfhdbimjtm tm db dndfadrsm y nhrdrsm. nhrdrsm. Mstdr cm phm k smjtdck curdjtm iufak thmipk mj bd ihsid pkshfhöj. Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

454

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

457

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 66 

31>

Ady aäghtks pksturdbms qum skgrmfdrndj bd fkbuijd y prkvkfdj ckbkrms cm mspdbcd y fumbbk, tdbms fkik?

31>d)

Umridjmfmr iufak thmipk mj bd ihsid pkshfhöj, yd smd cm phm, dfkstdcks k smjtdcks. 31>g) Dckptdr fhmrtds fhmrtds pksturds pksturds qum duimjtdj bds furvds `hshkbönhfds cm bd fkbuijd. 31>f) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds ms fkrrmftd. 31>c) Sdjtk bd rmspumstd rmspumstd d) fkik bd rmspumstd rmspumstd g) skj fkrrmftds. 311

Fkik aäghtks pksturdbms qum fkjtrhguymj d rmcufhr mb ms`umrzk y fdrnd qum jumstrd fkbuijd skpkrtd, db mstdr cm phm sm rmfkihmjcd?

311d) Ukjmr shmiprm uj phm iäs dcmbdjtdck qum mb ktrk y fdighdr d imjuck cm pkshfhöj. 311g) Fdihjdr fkj bd fdgmzd y mb tördx mrnuhcks, shmiprm fkj zdpdtks föikcks cm tdböj gdok. 311f) Fdihjdr dprkxhidcdimj dprkxhidcdimjtm tm fdcd imchd akrd y rmdbhzdr msthrdihmjtks. 311c) Sdjtk bd rmspumstd rmspumstd d) fkik bd rmspumstd rmspumstd g) skj fkrrmftds. 318

Fkik aäghtks pksturdbms qum fkjtrhguymj d rmcufhr mb ms`umrzk y fdrnd qum jumstrd fkbuijd skpkrtd, db mstdr dfkstdck sm rmfkihmjcd?

318d)

Dfkikcdrsm gkfd drrhgd.

318g) Vh sm su`rmj su`rmj cm ikbmsthds db mstdr gkfd drrhgd, fkbkfdr ujd ujd dbikadcd dbikadcd cmgdok cm bds rkchbbds. 318f) Vh jk sm fkjshnum ckrihr gkfd gkfd drrhgd, sm pumcm pumcm prkgdr prkgdr d adfmrbk adfmrbk bhnmrdimjtm bhnmrdimjtm cm fkstdck. 318c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 385

Fkik aäghtks pksturdbms qum fkjtrhguymj d rmcufhr mb ms`umrzk y fdrnd qum jumstrd fkbuijd skpkrtd, db mstdr smjtdck sm rmfkihmjcd?

385d) Ukjmr shmiprm uj phm iäs dcmbdjtdck qum mb ktrk y fdighdr d imjuck cm pkshfhöj. 385g) Idjtmjmr bd fkbuijd fkbuijd vmrtmgrdb mrnuhcd y fkrrmftdimjtm fkrrmftdimjtm dbhjmdcd, dbhjmdcd, fkj bds pbdjtds cm bks phms ghmj dpkydcds mj mb sumbk y bds rkchbbds mj äjnubk rmftk. 385f) Ukjmrsm cm phm phm dprkxhidcdimjtm dprkxhidcdimjtm fdcd akrd akrd y rmdbhzdr dbnÿj dbnÿj msthrdihmjtk. 385c) Bd rmspumstd g) y bd rmspumstd f) skj skj fkrrmftds. 384

Fkik aäghtks pksturdbms qum fkjtrhguymj d rmcufhr mb ms`umrzk y fdrnd qum jumstrd fkbuijd skpkrtd, db fdrndr pmsk sm rmfkihmjcd?

384d)

Ckgbdr bds rkchbbds, jk bd mspdbcd, mspdbcd, shmiprm fkj bks phms dpkydcks dpkydcks mj ujd supmr`hfhm supmr`hfhm `hrim y bhsd. 384g) Hjfkrpkrdrsm cmscm bd pkshfhöj pkshfhöj cm fufbhbbds `bmxhkjdjck `bmxhkjdjck bmjtdimjtm bds rkchbbds. rkchbbds. 384f) Vkstmjmr mb mb kgomtk qum sm bmvdjtd oujtk oujtk db fumrpk, fumrpk, dbzäjckbk dbzäjckbk adstd adstd bd dbturd cmb pmfak pmfak fkik iäxhik. 384c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 387

Fkik aäghtks pksturdbms qum fkjtrhguymj d rmcufhr mb ms`umrzk y fdrnd qum jumstrd fkbuijd skpkrtd, `rmjtm db krcmjdckr sm rmfkihmjcd?

387d) Vhtudr bd pdjtdbbd pdjtdbbd cm idjmrd tdb qum su fmjtrk qumcm qumcm d bd dbturd cm bks koks y mj `rmjtm. 387g) Fkbkfdr mb tmfbdck d ujd dbturd fkjvmjhmj fkjvmjhmjtm, tm, cm idjmrd qum jk tmjnd tmjnd qum bmvdjtdr bks akigrks pdrd msfrhghr. 387f) Dpkydr bks djtmgrdzks skgrm bd imsd cm trdgdok. 387c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 66 

386

Udrd ujd fkrrmftd pksturd djtm ujd pdjtdbbd cm vhsudbhzdfhöj cm cdtks, ady qum tmjmr mj fumjtd bks dbnujk k dbnujks cm bks shnuhmjtms pdräimtrks?

386d)

Bd béjmd supmrhkr cm cm bd pdjtdbbd pdjtdbbd cmgm shtudrsm db jhvmb cm bd béjmd akrhzkjtdb akrhzkjtdb cm cm vhshöj k dbnk pkr cmgdok. 386g) Bd chstdjfhd cmb cmb dpdjtdbbd d bks bks koks mb usudrhk jk cmgm smr imjkr imjkr d 35 fi jh idykr cm 85 fi. 386f) Udrd mvhtdr bks bks nhrks cm bd fdgmzd, mb mb mbmimjtk mbmimjtk cm vhsudbhzdfhöj iäs `rmfumjtmimjtm `rmfumjtmimjtm uthbhzdck, pdjtdbbd k ckfuimjtk, sm fkbkfdrä bk iäs mj`rmjtm pkshgbm cmb usudrhk. 386c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 383

Udrd ujd fkrrmftd pksturd djtm ujd pdjtdbbd cm vhsudbhzdfhöj cm cdtks, ady qum tmjmr mj fumjtd dbnujk k dbnujks cm bks shnuhmjtms pdräimtrks?

383d) 383g)

Mb rdtöj y bks chspkshthvks cm mjtrdcd pmridjmfmrdj prkxhiks db tmfbdck. tmfbdck. Bks iusbks cmgmj pmridjmfmr akrhzkjtdbms, akrhzkjtdbms , tkidjck uj äjnubk cm mjtrm 85.¿ y 455.¿ fkj bds phmrjds. 383f) Idjtmjmr uj gumj dpkyk cm bks phms mj mb sumbk. 383c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 38=

Ady qum mvhtdr pkshfhkjms mj bd qum mstdjck smjtdck/smjtdcd, bds phmrjds fumbnumj cmb dshmjtk y bks phms jk tmjndj dpkyk, pkrqum?

38=d)

Vm ch`hfubtd mb mb rmtkrjk cm cm sdjnrm vmjksd adfhd mb fkrdzöj cmghck d bd prmshöj qum mb dshmjtk momrfm mj bds fkrvds k mj bd fdrd pkstmrhkr cm bks iusbks. 38=g) Mj fdsk cm idbd idbd fhrfubdfhöj, fhrfubdfhöj, pumcm pumcm mipmkrdr mipmkrdr mb mb mcmid mcmid cm bds phmrjds. phmrjds. 38=f) Uumcm duimjtdr mb rhmsnk cm fkänubks sdjnuéjmks. 38=c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. 380

D bd akrd cm rmdbhzdr dfthvhcdcms qum rmquhmrdj uj jktdgbm ms`umrzk vhsudb, sm cmgm adfmr fkj ujd dcmfudcd hbuihjdfhöj jdturdb.

380d) Vhmiprm qum smd pkshgbm. 380g) Vh jk ms ms pkshgbm pkshgbm,, bd idjmrd imjks pmrouchfhdb pmrouchfhdb pdrd mb shstmid vhsudb smréd hjstdbdr ujd `umjtm cm buz dighmjtm mj mb tmfak, fkj ujd hjtmjshcdc dcmfudcd d bd dfthvhcdc, dfkipdôdcd cm ktrd `umjtm buihjksd qum chrmftdimjtm dbuigrm d bd tdrmd qum sm mstè cmsmipmôdjck, pmrk jk d bks koks. 380f) Bd rmspumstd d) y bd g) skj fkrrmftds. 380c) Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd. 38>

Bd buz dzub ms uj fkjoujtk cm rdchdfhkjms vhshgbms shtudcds, cm imchd?

38>d) 38>g) 38>f) 38>c) 381

Mjtrm bks bks 615 ji (mxtrmik (mxtrmik dzub-vhkbmtd) dzub-vhkbmtd) y bks >=5 >=5 ji (mxtrmik rkok). Mjtrm bks bks 655 ji (mxtrmik (mxtrmik dzub-vhkbmtd) dzub-vhkbmtd) y bks >55 >55 ji (mxtrmik rkok). Mjtrm bks bks 355 ji (mxtrmik (mxtrmik dzub-vhkbmtd) dzub-vhkbmtd) y bks 155 155 ji (mxtrmik rkok). Jhjnujd cm bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms ms fkrrmftd.

Bd buz dzub-turqumsd ms gmjm`hfhksd pkrqum?

381d)

Vhrvm pdrd qum jumstrk jumstrk fmrmgrk fmrmgrk shjfrkjhfm shjfrkjhfm mb rhtik ghkbönhfk ghkbönhfk cmb cmb fumrpk fumrpk fkj bks rhtiks féfbhfks jdturdbms (buz, tmipmrdturd, mtf.). 381g) Jks «dfthvd¼ y jks djhid. Uumcm Uumcm hjfrmimjtdr hjfrmimjtdr mb rmjchihmj rmjchihmjtk tk y bd fdpdfhcdc cm cm dprmjchdprmjchzdom. 381f) Shmjm uj rkb hipkrtdjtm hipkrtdjtm mj mb rm`bmok cm fkjstrhffhöj cm cm bd puphbd? puphbd? uj rm`bmok rm`bmok qum dyucd d prktmnmr bks koks cm bd rdchdfhöj skbdr. 381c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

456

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

 

453

HVGJ? 8>1-13->>>>-037-5 Smid 66 

388

Vkj séjtkids cm `dthnd vhsudb?

388d)

Ikbmsthds kfubdrms? kfubdrms? smjsdfhöj smjsdfhöj cm tmjmr tmjmr tmjshöj tmjshöj mj bks koks, koks, pmsdcmz pmsdcmz pdbpmgrdb, pdbpmgrdb, pmsdcmz pmsdcmz cm koks, phfkrms, qumidzöj, jmfmshcdc cm `rktdrsm bks koks, skijkbmjfhd, msfkzkr kfubdr, duimjtk cmb pdrpdcmk. 388g) Srdstkrjks vhsudbms? vhsudbms? gkrrkshcdc gkrrkshcdc cm bks fdrdftmrms qum sm thmjmj qum pmrfhghr pmrfhghr mj bds pdjtdbbds. 388f) Véjtkids mxtrdkfubdrms? fm`dbmds, vèrthnks vèrthnks y smjsdfhkjms cm cmsdskshmnk cmsdskshmnk y djshmcdc, djshmcdc, ikbmsthds mj bd jufd y mj bd fkbuijd vmrtmgrdb. 388c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds. =55

Udrd prmvmjhr bd `dthnd vhsudb?

=55d)

Ady qum dsmnurdrsm dsmnurdrsm cm qum bds bufms bufms mj mb mb ärmd cm trdgdok smdj tdj hnudbms fkik smd pkshgbm, shj bufms qum cmsbuigrdj k qum grhbbdj cmidshdck k qum pdrpdcmdj. =55g) Ms gumjk gumjk chsihjuhr chsihjuhr mb grhbbk grhbbk y usdr usdr uj `hbtrk djthgrhbbk k ujd pdjtdbbd BFC. BFC. =55f) Ady qum tkidrsm uj rmsphrk «vhsudb¼ «vhsudb¼ fdcd fdcd 4= ihjutks pdrd cdrbms d tus koks bd kpkrtujhcdc cm rmbdodrsm y rmcufhr mb fdjsdjfhk. =55c) Skcds bds rmspumstds djtmrhkrms skj fkrrmftds.

Hjsthtutk Pdsfk cm Dcihjhstrdfhöj Uÿgbhfd

Gdtmréd cm prmnujtds cm prkfmsks smbmfthvks? Dnrupdfhöj Urk`mshkjdb cm Umrskjdb cm Dpkyk cmb Nkghmrjk Pdsfk (fkjsmrom, krcmjdjzd, sugdbtmrjk, …)

 

Mrdlujcm Dutkjkihdcujd

Krndjhsik Dutöjkik cmb