Batalla de Acosta Ñu - Paraguay
September 15, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
Short Description
Download Batalla de Acosta Ñu - Paraguay...
Description
[JPARUH RHMR RLDJAD JRU ZE ALR E J D H AO HG JM
DH —KHUHDDH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>016 GZJ[[H EJ DH U[ASDJ HDAHMVH. SH[HGZHQ. BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[* ZMAPJ[RAEHE MHBALMHD EJ OARALMJR. @NQBR. RAMPQS RAMPQS.. BLMA BJU, H[GJMUAMH
[jsuojm6 Hklrehols jd bhsl ej hdgumls rjgastrls y rjprleubbalmjs ej dh —Khthddh ej dls maøls‟, 80 ej Hglstl ej 8>01, jm jd ohrbl ej dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh, Shrhguhy. Jm jstj jpasleal 2.:33/5.333 maøls vjstaels ej heudtls, fumtl h hmbahmls y oufjrjs, sj jm`rjmthm h dhs trlphs ej Sjerl AA ejd Krhsad. Dls maøls y sus oherjs slm ohshbrhels j ambamjrhels jm dh ohdjzh. Jm blmojolrhbaòm sj amsthurh jd 80 ej hglstl blol jd Eïh ejd Maøl Shrhguhyl, nhkadathmel h oubnhs bjdjkrhbalmjs ej lrejm bïvabl, pravhel-eloástabl y rjdagalsl. Shdhkrhs bdhvj6 hmgjdatl, oujrtj, blmojolrhbaòm, aohgjm.
Hkstrhbt6 Wj ejhd watn tnj bhsj l` sloj rjblres hme rjprleubtalms l` tnj —Khttdj l` tnj bnaderjm‟, Hugust 80, 8>01 am tnj `rhojwlri l` tnj Urapdj Hddahmbj Whr, Shrhguhy. Am tnas jpaslej 2,:33/5,333 bnaderjm erjssje hs heudts, hdlmg watn jdejrs hme wlojm, `hbj tnj trllps l` Sjerl AA l` Krhzad. Bnaderjm hme tnjar oltnjrs hrj sdhugntjrje hme ambamjrhtje am tnj umejrgrlwtn. Am bloojolrhtalm as jsthkdasnje lm Hugust 80 hs tnj Ehy l` tnj Shrhguhyhm Bnade, jmhkdamg ohmy bjdjkrhtalms l` bavab, pravhtj-elojstab hme rjdagalus lrejr. Ijy wlres6 dattdj hmgjd, ejhtn, bloojolrhtalm, aohgj.
*Dabjmbahel jm Hmtrlpldlgïh Rlbahd. Ohgastjr jm Rjoaòtabh Easbursavh. Elbtlr jm Hmtrlpldlgïh Rlbahd. Elbjmtj amvjstaghelr ej dh @hbudthe ej Nuohmaehejs y Bajmbahs Rlbahdjs ej
[jvasth Rhms Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> www.rjvasth-shmssldjad.blo [jbakael6 80-3;-;387
dh Zmavjrsaehe Mhbalmhd ej Oasalmjs, Hrgjmtamh. Amvjstaghelr ejd BLMABJU.
Hbjpthel6 3>-35-;387
ARRM6 ;385-8>75
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
—Bhmtl h dls maøls oèrtarjs ej Hblsth Øu‟ (Slr Ohrahduash Hrtjblmh ej Ulopslm8) Jd hdoh ej dh tajrrh phrhguhyh guhreh dh shmgrj oèrtar ej dls maøls blol um jbl ej naomls vjmturlsls quj shduehm dls vajmtls y dls tramls. Hblsth Øu gjroamh jm dls hdthrjs ej mujstrh phtrah njrlabh y kjmejbaeh quj eal jm jd pudsl ej su am`hmbah adustrj sïokldl amojmsl ej amhueatl sujøl. Jd trlopl ej guhyhkl, elroathmtj, qujeò jm dh jsquamh ejd helkj ohmsl oajmtrhs dh ohml maøh tlol hbjrls phrh jmshdzhr dh dakjrthe ej Ohyl. Jm dls blmtlrmls ejd phashfj hojml Jusjkal Hyhdh hkrhzh jsth ojolrah, quj buhd gratl ej najrrl y `ujgl vavl mls jmtrjgò dh dhmzh ejd ohrtaral.
Jd saguajmtj hrtïbudl `lroh phrtj umhh amvjstaghbaòm jm prlbjsl, ejsbraptavh, jxpdlrhtlrah y buhdathtavh, jm ej tlrml dhs prlkdjoètabhs ej dh oujrtj y jd olrar jm jd bhsl ej dls hmgjdatls l maøls ea`umtls9 jd rjblrtj tjoplrhd quj sj tloh blol rj`jrjmbah phrh jd prlyjbtl ohbrl slm dls sagdls ^A^, ^^ y jd prjsjmtj jtmlgrèbl. Htjmejols prambaphdojmtj hd Mlrejstj Hrgjmtaml y hd Rur ej dh [jgaòm Lrajmthd ej dh [jpökdabh ejd Shrhguhy. 8. Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Elbuojmtl ejd Oamastjral ej Jeubhbaòm y Budturh. [jpökdabh ejd Shrhguhy. Blmsudthel jd 82 ej `jkrjrl ej ;387. nttp6//kakdaltjbh.phrhguhyjeubh.lrg/kakdaltjbh/ blmtjmaels\jeubhtavls/pljsahs/jm-bhstjddhml/khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu/khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu.pe`/ vajw.. vajw Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> 5: | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
Jd bhsl phrtabudhr quj prjsjmthols jm jsth amsthmbah sj amsbrakj jm dh Nastlrah ejd Shrhguhy ejd sagdl ^A^9 amehghols jm um hblmtjbaoajmtl kádabl quj nh `lrohel phrtj ej dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh, h shkjr6 Khthddh ej dls maøls, Khthddh ej Øu Guhzö (Bhopl Grhmej) l Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Shrh jsth prjsjmthbaòm sj nh pralrazhel jd trhkhfl trhkhf l elbuojmthd, pumtuhdazhmel jm dhs rjprjsjmthbalmjs pabtòrabhs/`ltlgrèbhs slkrj dh Khthddh rj`jraeh. [jshdthols y hbdhrhols quj ml mls ejtjmerjols, jm jsth amsthmbah, jm um hmèdasas pabtòrabl/hrtïstabl ej dh lkrh9 oès kajm jxplmjols hdgumhs ej dhs rjprjsjmthbalmjs hrtïstabhs y `ltlgrèbhs oès blmlbaehs quj mls pjroatjm ukabhr h dh gurh ejd maøl jm jstj hblmtjbaoajmtl kádabl ej dh Nastlrah [jgalmhd y Shrhguhyh jm phrtabudhr. Jm blmsjbujmbah, blmtamuhmel blm dh dïmjh ej djbturhs jm tlrml h dhs prlkdjoètabhs ej dh oujrtj y jd olrar ‒y dhs rj`jrjmbahs vambudhrjs h dh aohgjm rjgalmhd ejd hmgjdatl‒ prjtjmejols vasuhdazhr dh praohbïh ej dl quj njols ejmloamhel khfl dh bhtjglrïh ej —oujrtj maøh‟; l oujrtj ej hmgjdatls, y su vagjmbah blmsldaeheh jm dh nastlrah y budturh ejd pujkdl phrhguhyl htjmeajmel hd rjblrtj prlpujstl. Hsaoasol, sj blmsaejrh h dhs prleubbalmjs rjblpadhehs blol phrtj ej dh tnhmhtlbudturh , dh tnhmhtlsjoalsas y dh tnhmhtlbrlmltlpïh tnhmhtlbrlmltlpïh ejd Shrhguhy. Shrhguhy. H. RLK[J DH GZJ[[H EJ DH U[ASDJ HDAHMVH
[jjrj Hrjbjs2 quj dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Urapdj Hdahmzh (8>0:-8>73) plsjj vhrahs ejmloamhbalmjs9 jm jd Shrhguhy —Gujrrh Grhmej‟ l —Gujrrh ej 73‟, jm ;. Blmsaejrhols h dh —oujrtj —oujrtj maøh‟ blol dh oujrtj ej am`hmtjs, ea`jrjmbahd h dh —oujrtj heudth‟ heudth‟ jm dl quj h dh blmgurhbaòm ej dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs j aohgamhrals rjjrj9 hsaoasol htjmeajmel h dhs vhdlrhbalmjs y blmmlthbalmjs slbal-rjdagalshs quj aopdabhm dh oujrtj y jd olrar ej dls maøls jm dh slbajehe khfl jstueal. Dh rjdjvhmbah ej dh oujrtj maøh jm jd bhsl trhkhfhel rheabh jm jd jdjvhel möojrl ej maøls ojmlrjs ej 85 høls quj `ujrls jmrldhels jm jd grupl ej khthddh ejd Gjmjrhd Kjrmhreaml Bhkhddjrl. 2. Maeah [. Hrjbjs, —Ej dh Amejpjmejmbah h dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh (8>88-8>73)‟. Bhpatudl PAAA jm Nastlrah ejd Shrhguhy . Agmhbal Ujdjsbh (bllre.) (Shrhguhy6 Je. Uhurus, ;383)
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
jd Krhsad —Gujrrh el Shrhguha‟ y jm Hrgjmtamh y jd Zruguhy —Gujrrh ejd Shrhguhy‟. Rj blmlbj blm jsths ejmloamhbalmjs hd jm`rjmthoajmtl kádabl elmej umh hdahmzh jmtrj Hrgjmtamh, Krhsad y Zruguhy sj jm`rjmth oadathrojmtj h dh [jpökdabh ejd Shrhguhy. Shrhguhy. Jd lragjm ej dh Gujrrh sj nhddh jm jd høl 8>02, ejrrlbhel jd glkajrml Kdhmbl ejd Zruguhy y ömabl hdahel ejd Shrhguhy. Rldhml Dòpjz YShrhguhy_ sj hprjstò h amtjrvjmar jm ej`jmsh ejd rágaojm ejpujstl Yjm jd Zruguhy_ y dj ejbdhrò dh gujrrh hd Aopjral krhsadjøl. Ra kajm jd glkajrml ej Oatrj YHrgjmtamh_ sj nhkïh ejbdhrhel mjutrhd, ml pjroataò jd phsl plr Blrrajmtjs ej dhs trlphs blohmehehs plr jd prjsaejmtj phrhguhyl, quajm, hmtj jsth hbtatue, sj val lkdaghel h ejbdhrhr dh gujrrh thokaám h dh Hrgjmtamh (…). Hrgjmtamh, fumtl blm Zruguhy y Krhsad, rohrlm, jm ohyl ej 8>0:, jd Urhthel Urhthel ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh (…), sj fhrlm dls lkfjtavls ej dh gujrrh y dhs blmeabalmjs ej rjmeabaòm quj sj dj aoplmerïhm hd Shrhguhy 5.
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
Jd plrbjmthfj slkrjvavajmtj jsthkh blopujstl plr oufjrjs, maøls, hmbahmls j amvèdaels. Oès hddè ej dhs easbusalmjs slkrj dh bjrtjzh ej dhs jstheïstabhs ejkj qujehr blmsthmbah ej quj jm jstj pjralel dh plkdhbaòm ejd Shrhguhy easoamuyò jm um 03-73% ml sldhojmtj plr dhs oujrtjs jm dls bhopls ej khthddh, saml hejoès plr dh nhokrumh, dhs jm`jrojehejs (prambaphdojmtj bòdjrh y jkrj hohraddh) y dh grhm prjplmejrhmbah ej valdhbalmjs y hsjsamhtls ej maøls, hmbahmls y oufjrjs. [jshdth Glmzèdjz Bhshmlvh > quj jd Shrhguhy dlgrh umh plkdhbaòm saoadhr h dh prj-gujrrh sòdl trhs dh Sraojrh Gujrrh Oumeahd, prambaphdojmtj grhbahs h dh pldïtabh oagrhtlrah y h dh prèbtabh ejd ohtraolmal pdurhd/pldaghoah, hbjptheh y ea`umeaeh htjmeajmel h dh jsbhsh plkdhbaòm ohsbudamh.
Rjøhdh Ehddjs: quj hmtjs ej dh Gujrrh ej dh U Urapdj rapdj Hdahmzh nukl um pjralel ej jspdjmelr jm dl jblmòoabl, slbahd y budturhd, dl quj bhokaò erèstabhojmtj ejspuás ejd jm`rjmthoajmtl kádabl. Rjgöm dls bjmsls ej dh áplbh, sj bhdbudh quj slkrjvavaò hpjmhs jd ;:% ej dls nhkathmtjs, dl quj ameabh dh ohthmzh ej oès ej dh oathe ej dh plkdhbaòm phrhguhyh. Hdgumhs `ujmtjs sjøhdhm quj dh plkdhbaòm sj rjeufl ej 8.333.333 8.333 .333 jm 8>05 h ml oès ej 233.333 hd mhdazhr dh gujrrh, sa kajm jd möojrl oès hbjpthel ej dh plkdhbaòm prj-gujrrh sjh jd ej 5:3.33 nhkathmtjs 0. Slr su phrtj, [uagòojz Gòojz jxplmj quj —dh bhtèstrl`j ejolgrèbh `uj aoplrthmtïsaoh phrh jd Shrhguhy. Ru plkdhbaòm, jm 8>05, sjgöm dls eastamtls hutlrjs arïh ej 533.333 h 8.;33.333 nhkathmtjs ml ameals, humquj dl oès prlkhkdj jrh ej umls >33.333‟7.
5. Akae .,p. .,p. 8>1 :. —Blmsjbujmbahs ej dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh\80;:78‟ / HKB Bldlr. 28 ej Lbtukrj ej ;383. Blmsudthel jd 82 ej `jkrjrl ej ;387. nttp6//www.hkb.blo.py/jeabalm-aoprjsh/supdjojmtls/jsbldhr/blmsjbujmbahs-ej-dh-gujrrh-ej-dh-trapdj-hdahmzh-87>07:.ntod. 0. Hrjbjs, —Ej dh Amejp Amejpjmejmbah…‟, jmejmbah…‟, 81;. 7. Bhrojm [uagòojz Gòojz, —Dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh. Zm blmabtl rjgalmhd‟. Xuamtl bjmtjmhral, Jeat. Zmavjrsaehe Blopdutjmsj. Oherae M¶ 85 (81>>), ;0>. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> 50 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
@ag. 8. Oufjrjs y maøls phrhguhyls jm um Nlspathd hd mhdazhr dh Gujrrh. (nttp6// www.plrthdguhrhma.blo/277\hmerjs\bldohm\gutajrrjz/;87>2\hblsth\mu\;382\ gujrrh\ej\dh\trapdj\hdahmzh\\plr\hmerjs\bldohm\gutajrrjz.ntod-, blmsudthel jd 87 mlvajokrj ej ;380. Bathel ej Duas Pjròm — Jd Rjrvabal ej Rhmaehe. Urapdj (Hsumbaòm-Shrhguhy6 y6 Je. Jd Djbtlr, ;382) s/p. Aohgjm ej plrtheh.) Hdahmzh ‟. (Hsumbaòm-Shrhguh Hoárabh Dhtamh. Dhtamh. Nastlrah ej ojeal sagdl. 8. Hoárabh ejd >. Shkdl Glmzèdjz Glmzèdjz Bhshmlvh (bllre.), — Hoárabh Rur ‟ (Oáxabl6 Je. R^^A, ;332), 222.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
H.8. DH KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR
Dh Gujrrh ej dh trapdj Hdahmzh nh tjmael muojrlshs bhophøhs, blokhtjs 1
y khthddhs jmtrj dhs Grhmej) buhdjs sjlejsthbh dh ej Khthddh ej Øu. dls Maøls, dh ea`umeael Khthddh ej Øu Guhzö, (Bhopl dh Khthddh Hblsth Zm tjxtl plr jd Oamastjral ej Jeubhbaòm ej dh [jpökdabh ejd Shrhguhy jxplmj h ásth blol umh ej dhs oès shmgrajmths jplpjyhs quj nh htrhvjshel jd pujkdl phrhguhyl jm dl quj rjjrj h dh ohthmzh ej maøls, hmbahmls y oufjrjs jm jd sagdl ^A^. Rjøhdh6 —Jm jsh khthddh maøls ej hpjmhs ej sjas h quambj høls, jrhm vjstaels blol sldehels phrh shdar h blokhtar y jm jd `rhglr ej dh khthddh, ejsphvlraels, sj hghrrhkhm h dhs pajrmhs ej dls sldehels krhsadjøls, ddlrhmel quj ml dls ohthsjm. Q jrhm ejglddhels jm jd hbtl.‟, jsbrakaò nastlrahelr krhsadjøl Dhs oherjs ej lksjrvhmel dls maøls jmdhblokhtj sj jsblmeïhmjd jm dh sjdvh, sam plejr Bnahvjmhttl. nhbjr hkslduthojmtj mheh, dubnh. Ml plbhs hghrrhrlm dhmzhs y ddjghrlm h blohmehr um grupl ej maøls jm dh rjsastjmbah. @amhdojmtj, ejspuás ej um eïh ej dubnh, dls phrhguhyls `ujrlm ejrrlthels. Jd Blmej EµJu, jd blohmel ej dh gujrrh, ejspuás ej dh amsòdath khthddh ej Hblsth Øu, buhmel jsthkh tjroamheh, hd bhjr dh threj, dhs oherjs ej dls maøls phrhguhyls shdïhm ej dh sjdvh phrh rjsbhthr dls bheèvjrjs ej sus nafls y slblrrjr h dls plbls slkrjvavajmtjs, y jd blmej ohmeò ambjmeahr dh ohdjzh, ohthmel, qujohmel h maøls y oherjs shdvhfjojmtj. Bloplmïhm jd jfárbatl 5333 maøls, khfl jd ohmel ejd gjmjrhd Kjrmhreaml Bhkhddjrl. Hd hohmjbjr ejd eïh 80 ej hglstl ej 8>01 8>01 `ujrlm hdbhmzhels jm jd phrhfj ej H Hblsth blsth Øu plr ;3333 nlokrjs ej dhs trlphs hdahehs. Dls maøls sj samtajrlm hgaghmthels y sj amabaò
@ag. ;. Blmej EµJu. Xuajm lrejmh jd ambjmeal ejd nlspathd ej Sarakjkuy ohshbrhmel h maøls, oufjrjs y hmbahmls outadhels y plstjralrojmtj ejbaej dh ohshbrj jm Hblsth Øu. (nttp6//www.plrthdguhrhma.blo/277\hmerjs\ bldohm\gutajrrjz/;87>2\hblsth\mu\;382\ gujrrh\ej\dh\trapdj\hdahmzh\\plr\hmerjs\ bldohm\gutajrrjz.ntod-, blmsudthel jd 87 ej mlvajokrj ej ;380.)
umh ej dhsqujeò khthddhs oès shmgrajmths ej dh gujrrh grhmej (…). trastj, brujd trègabl 83. jpasleal rjgastrhel phrh dh nastlrah blm jd mlokrj ej —DhJdKhthddh ej dlsyMaøls
1. Shrh hopdahr jm ejthddj jsths jsths phrtabudhraehejs sj rjbloajmeh dh djbturh eejj Flrgj [ukahma (bllre.), —Dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh‟. Ulols A y AA , Jeabaòm ej Eahral hkb BLDL[. (Shrhguhy6 Je. HVJUH R.H., 811>). 83. Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu..., blmsudthel jd 82 ej `jkrjrl ej ;387. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> 57 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
@ag. 26 Ambjmeal ejd nlspathd ej Sarakjkuy (nttp6//www.plrthdguhrhma.blo/ousjls. pnp01
@ag. :. Slrtheh ejd tjxtl Hblsth Øu, Jplpjyh ej dls Ragdls.
H.8.8. RLK[J HDGZMHR EJ DHR AOÈGJMJR JM UL[ML H DH KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR
@ag. 5. Sdhml ej dh Khthddh. Hguarrj (Hmerás Hguarrj. Hblsth Øu6 jplpjyh ej dls sagdls . Oumabaphdaehe ej Jusjkal Hyhdh, (Hsumbaòm ‒ Shrhguhy6 Jeatlrahd Shtrah, 8171). s/ pèg.)
Rjøhdh Rhohmajgl88 hbjrbh ej uml ej dls tjxtls jokdjohs ej dh datjrhturh phrhguhyh jm tlrml h dh Khthddh ej dls Maøls6 Maøls6 HBLRUH ØZ js jd mlokrj ejd dakrl plrquj HBLRUH plrquj jm jsh rjgaòm ejd sujdl guhr guhrhmï hmï pjdjhrlm y subuokajrlm 2.:33 maøls heldjsbjmtjs y fòvjmjs, quj blm jd gratl ej AMEJSJMEJMBAH L OZJ[UJ jm sus dhkals, blm jd aejhd ej phtrah jm sus blrhzlmjs y sus pupadhs eadhthehs plr jd tjrrlr, qujehrlm phrh sajoprj jm jd bhopl ej khthddh blm jd ojmshfj krlmbïmjl ej sagdls prlbdhohmel h dhs gjmjrhbalmjs vjmaejrhs quj buhmel sj subuokj plr um aejhd, fhoès sj oujrj jm dh blmsaejrhbaòm ej dls nlokrjs.
88. Akae . s/pèg. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> 5> | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
Rlkrj dhs jxprjsalmjs ejd hrtj phrhguhyl jm tajopls ej dh gujrrh rjsudth rjdjvhmtj sjøhdhr quj, blol jxplmj Jsblkhr 8;, dh Gujrrh blmtrh dh Urapdj Hdahmzh gjmjrò sus prlpahs jxprjsalmjs hrtïstabhs. Slejols nhbjr rj`jrjmbah h dhs xadlgrh`ïhs ej dls sldehels phrhguhyls pukdabhehs jm dls pjraòeabls Bhkabnuï yy Bjmtamjdh 9 jd hutlr dhs ukabh jmtrj dhs jxprjsalmjs oès amtjrjshmtjs ejd grhkhel plpudhr ej Hoárabh Dhtamh jm jd pjralel rj`jrael. Jsths xadlgrh`ïhs jmdhzhkhm sjmshbalmjs nlrrlr blm dhs ohma`jsthbalmjs ej nuolr, dhsdhs trhgjeahs ej dh ejd gujrrh, dlsbltaeahml ejsjls bldjbtavls y jspjrhmzhs. Sumtuhdojmtj ml njols nhddhel xadlgrh`ïhs quj vjrsjm slkrj dh Khthddh quj mls blmvlbh. Blmsjbujmtjojmtj, jm jstj krjvj hphrthel jxplmjols hdgumhs ej dhs aoègjmjs oès blmlbaehs jm tlrml h dh Khthddh ej dls Maøls9 aoègjmjs pabtòrabhs y `ltlgrèbhs quj adustrhm dh prjsjmbah y ohthmzh ej dls maøls, jm hdgumls bhsls hblophøhels ej oufjrjs. 8;. Uabal Jsblkhr —Blmsaejrhbalmjs slkrj jd hrtj ejsej dh Gujrrh blmtrh dh U Urapdj rapdj Hdahmzh‟. Bhpïtudl ^PA jm Nastlrah ejd Shrhguhy. Agmhbal Ujdjsbh Ujdjsbh (bllre.) (Shrhguhy6 Je. Uhurus Uhurus,, ;383), 270.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
@ag. 0. Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Òdjl, ;331- Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh. Òdjl slkrj dajmzl, @aejd @jrmèmejz (nttp6// www.plrthdguhrhma.blo/81:0\`aejd\ `jrmhmejz/85282\khthddh\ej\hblsth\ mu\;331\\ldjl\ej\`aejd\`jrmhmejz. ntod. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
@ag. >6 Khthddh ej Bhopl Grhmej, plrRjjdpujej pamtlrlksjrvhr krhsadjøl Sjerl Hoárabl ej @agujarjel j Ojdl (8>77). hd Blmej Blm ej EµJu, pjrl ml sj rjtrhthm dls maøls ohshbrhels. (nttp6//www.sajoprjnastlrah.blo.hr/;38;/31/ (nttp6//www .sajoprjnastlrah.blo.hr/;38;/31/khthddh-ej-hblsthkhthddh-ej-hblsthmu-dls-nlrrlrjs-ej-dh-gujrrh-ejd phrhguhy/. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
@ag. 1 y @ag. 836 Rldehel maøl Hblsth Øu 8>18. Samturhs
@ag. 76 Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Òdjl ej @aejd @jrmèmejz. 80/3>/8>01 (nttps6//www.gllgdj.blo.hr/sjhrbn 51 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
(ejn t t pOlejstl s 6 / / j s . p a mGlmzèdjz tjrjst. blo/jmgdhmes838/dhtamhojrabhm-hroajs/ Gujrrh Ejd Shrhguhy, Rldehel, Maml, Nastlrah, Jfárbatls Hojrabhmls, Dhtam Hojrabhm, 8>18, Hrt Blmtjoplrham, Slrthdguhrhma. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
@ag.88. Maøls Oèrtarjs ej Hblsth Øu. Ram rj`jrjmbahs ej hutlr (nttp6//www.hvahbalmhrgjmtamh. mjt/`lrls/nastlrah-ej-dhs-``hhhrgjmtamhs.5;/>077-jd-eah-ejd-mamll-dhkhthddh-ej-hblsth-mu-guhzubhopl-grhmej-l-dh-ohshbrj-ejdlsmamls.ntod. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
@ag. 8;. Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Ram rj`jrjmbahs ej hutlr (nttp6//athmrhoheh.kdlgsplt. blo.hr/;383/32/khthddh-ejhblsth-mu-y-jd-eah-ejd-maml. ntod. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
@ag. 82. Gjmjrhd fumtl h maøl sldehel jm bhophojmtl ej khthddh. Ram rj`jrjmbahs ej hutlr (nttps6//www.gllgdj.blo.hr/sj hrbn710/ Dh-khthddh-y-ohshbrj-ej-Hblsth-Mu.ntod. Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
@ag. 87. Gjmjrhd Kjrmhreaml Bhkhddjrl fumtl h um maøl sldehel. Ram rj`jrjmbahs ej hutlr (nttp6//www. (nttp6//www. pjerlfuhmeagathd.blo/v;/mltabahs\ ohs.pnp. Maøls sldehels. Ram rj`jrjmbahs ej hutlr (nttp6// www.sajoprjnastlrah.blo. hr/;38;/31/khthddh-ej-hblsthmu-dls-nlrrlrjs-ej-dh-gujrrh-ejd phrhguhy/ Blmsudthel jd 81 ej eabajokrj ej ;380.)
Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :3 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
Dhs ea`jrjmtjs lkrhs bathehs (prambaphdojmtj dhs pamturhs) prjsjmthm h dls maøls jm `lrohs eavjrshs pjrl blm jd rjburrjmtj ej lrejmhrdls ‒jm hbtatue y tjopjrhojmtl- khfl dh bhtjglrïh ejd nárlj, y buhmel ml, khfl dh oarheh tutjdhr ejd heudtl, quajm bustleah su njrlïsol l vjdh su jsthel ej oujrtj. Jd nárlj hrohel, plrthmel dh khmejrh mhbalmhd, rjsastajmel jm dh trambnjrh, ej paj humquj outadhel eh blol rjsudthel umh mhrrhtavh vasuhd ej dh ohml ej um lxïolrlm quj blokamh dhs mlbalmjs ej vaeh-am`hmbah/ma øjz-oujrtj y blmbajmbah phtraòtabh9 jd maøl jmtrjghmel su jxbjejmtj ej vaeh jm umh khthddh buyl buyl ejsjmdhbj js jsthkh thkh prjeabnl plr dh böpudh oadathr ejd jfárbatl phrhguhyl6 dh Gujrrh pjreaeh, quj tloh h Hblsth Øu blol ödtaoh khrrjrh nuohmh phrh dh nuaeh ej hdgumls plbls. Dh aohgjm ejd maøl nárlj blmojolrh dh hmaquadhbaòm ej dh am`hmbah phrhguhyh, ml sòdl jm tároamls ejolgrèbls, saml hejoès saokòdabhojmtj, ukabhmel hd am`hmtj jm jd rld ejd sldehel heudtl. Jsth am`hmbah plstjrgheh sj jxbush jm dh mjbjsaehe ej dh ej`jmsh ej dh mhbaòm phrhguhyh y jm jd sjmtaoajmtl ej phtraltasol quj ejbïhm plsjjr dls maøls ej Hblsth Øu. Ej jsth `lroh, jd maøl nárlj ml sòdl ejjmej dh jmsjøh phtrah ej dhs ohmls jmjoaghs, saml quj hejoès easputh jd bhopl ej khthddh fumtl h dhs oufjrjs quj dubnhkhm h dh phr. Bdhrh js dh rjburrjmbah jmtrj dhs lkrhs pabtòrabhs y jd jpïgrh`j prjsjmthel hd hrtïbudl, elmej dh aohgjm ejd maøl js jmshdzheh jm Jd jd ohrbl ej dl amabal adustrj,ejd blol sïokldl amojmsl ej phtraltasol y njrlïsol. ohrtaral, jd pujkdl ohrtarazhel, quj vj h su am`hmbah eadhpaeheh, plmaámelsj jm fujgl dh blmtamuaehe ej su bloumaehe, ej su budturh y ej su ojolrah. Ejsthbhols quj mamgumh ej dhs lkrhs jxpujsths ejolmazh l blmejmh jd hbbalmhr ej dls heudtls l ejd jfárbatl phrhguhyl hmtj dh ejbasaòm ej jmvahr h dls maøls hd bhopl ej khthddh. Ra kajm sj rjjrj h ásth blol umh ejtjroamhbaòm ej Kjrmhreaml Bhkhddjrl, ml sj dh jstagohtazh l rjprlbnh9 plr jd blmtrhral, sj jdlgah jsth ejtjroamhbaòm y jd maøl js rjtrhthel adustrj y vabtlralsl oès hddè
ej dhs blmsjbujmbahs y jvaejmbahs rjhdjs quj mls krameh jd njbnl nastòrabl. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :8 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
Slr slkrj dh aohgjm ejd maøl nárlj y —phtralth plr mhturhdjzh‟ quj sj prjtjmej rjtrhthr jm dh plstgujrrh y quj nly lbuph um dughr jm jd Shmtjòm ej dls Nárljs jm Hsumbaòm, dl quj qujeh ej ohmajstl js dh ejsaguhdehe blm dh quj jd pujkdl phrhguhyl `uj slojtael h jsth hbbaòm kádabh, quj dl joplkrjbaò y ejstruyò h su plkdhbaòm9 blmejmhmel h dls slkrjvavajmtjs h dh nhokrumh (bhsls ej dhs aoègjmjs 85 y 8:), h dh oujrtj plr suabaeal l sajmel vïbtaohs ej dh pjstj ej jkrj hohraddh y bòdjrh, ejfèmeldls ejsprlvastls ej prl`jsalmhdjs jspjbahdazhels, jquaphoajmtl, bjmtrls ej htjmbaòm y blmtjmbaòm. Jsth vagjmbah höm nly ml jmbujmtrh rjphrl jm dh ojolrah `umjrhrah ejd pujkdl phrhguhyl, jojrgajmel blmtamuhojmtj jd rjbdhol ej fustabah y rjshrbaoajmtl plr dl hblmtjbael, oès hddè ej dls pjeaels `lrohdjs `lr ohdjs ej easpjmsh quj nhm joatael dls hbtuhdjs jsthels quj jm su olojmtl hplyhrlm, blol hdahels, jsth gujrrh. H.8.;. EJ DH KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR HD EÏH EJD MAØL SH[HGZHQL
Jm blmojolrhbaòm ej jsj brujmtl jpasleal sj amsthurh jd 80 ej hglstl blol jd Eïh ejd Maøl Shrhguhyl, nhkadathmel oubnhs bjdjkrhbalmjs ej lrejm bïvabl y rjdagalsl jm jd olmuojmtl ejstamhel h jsth blmojolrhbaòm. Hsaoasol, sj rjbrjh dh khthddh blm hbtlrjs maøls y sj rjhdazh umh ohrbnh blm hmtlrbnhs jm dh quj sujdjm phrtabaphr 2333 maøls y maøhs. Rlkrj jddl jxplmj Bhdbjmh [hoïrjz6 Jd Eïh ejd Maøl sj rjbujreh bheh 80 ej hglstl rjbaám ejsej 815>, buhmel jd jmtlmbjs prjsaejmtj ej dh [jpökdabh, Er. Fuhm Ohmujd @rutls, ejbrjtò quj jstj `jstjfl sj rjhdabj jsj eïh. Hsï dl rjbujreh jd nastlrahelr Duas Pjròm, quajm hgrjgò quj dh praojrh `jbnh ej `jstjfl jrh, sam jokhrgl, jd 82 ej ohyl, buhmel jm 8181 jd prl`jslr Fudaèm [lfhs Bnadhvjrt easpusl jsj eïh h trhvás ejd Oamastjral ej Fustabah, Budtl j Amstrubbaòm Sökdabh. Jmtlmbjs nukl sòdl 07 bjdjkrhbalmjs ej dhs oès ej 853 `jbnhs quj phshrlm ejsej 8>01 nhsth nly 82. nttp6//www.hkb.blo.py/mhbalmh .hkb.blo.py/mhbalmhdjs/khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu-eah-ejd-maml-82 djs/khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu-eah-ejd-maml-821>315.ntod1>315.ntod- 80 82. nttp6//www ej hglstl ej ;38:. Blmsudthel jd 87 ej hglstl ej ;380.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
@ag. 81 y @ag. ;3. Olmuojmtl. Maøls Oèrtarjs ej Hblsth Øu (nttps6// www.phmlrhoal.blo/usjr/80:;:>530.
quj hsastjm hblophøhels susdhrgh ltrlsojsh `hoadahrjs. ej dhkazblbnujdl, bjdjkrhbaòm sj jmbujmtrh lbupheh plrejumh elmejJdsjbjmtrl easplmjm 85 bnaph ‒oubnhs zllolr`hs-, bhrhojdls y umh jspjbahd ghddjtath h dh quj nhm rj`jrael dls am`lrohmtjs blol —ghddjtath ej vjdlral‟, jm `lroh ej hmaohdjs hblophøhels plr blmtjs jm `lroh ej nujvl ej vhrahels bldlrjs (buyh ohrbh blojrbahd jm dh Hrgjmtamh js —@humh‟). Rj dh ejmloamh —ghddjtath ej vjdlral‟, yh quj sujdj jsthr prjsjmtj buhmel sj vjdh um bujrpl, js ej `èbad hbbjsl, vajmj jm grhmejs kldshs y h khfl blstl. Rj hblophøh blm fugls l bnlbldhtj blm djbnj.
ntod 5 ejjd 85mlvajokrj ej ;387.) ;330. Blmsudthel ej `jkrjrl ej
Ejd oasol olel, jm jsth `jbnh, jm dls jsphbals eloástabls/ïmtaols sj rj-ojolrh h dls hmgjdatls, jm bhsl ej quj dh `hoadah plsjh hdgöm maøl ea`umtl. Kramehr umh bjdjkrhbaòm jspjbahd hd hmgjdatl jm jd Eïh ejd Maøl, sjh jstj prlpal ej umh `hoadah l h dls hmgjdatls jm gjmjrhd, rjsudth umh jxpjrajmbah quj njols rjgastrhel blm vagjmbah jm jd Shrhguhy. Blmsaejrhols quj sj ejkj ml sòdl h dh rj-ojolrhbaòm ej dh aohgjm rjgalmhd ejd hmgjdatl, saml
quj hejoès sj amsbrakj jm jd hblmtjbaoajmtl nastòrabl quj hklrehols. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :; | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
Sueaolsphrhguhyhs lksjrvhr jsths rj-ojolrhbalmjs jm vhrahs lplrtumaehejs j m dhs jm dlbhdaehejs ej Jmbhrmhbaòm, Hyldhs, Sadhr, Paddhrabh y Hsumbaòm. Jm hdgumhs satuhbalmjs, dhs oherjs l hkujdhs sujdjm trhsdhehrsj nhsth jd bjojmtjral y l`rjbjm h su hmgjdatl hdgumhs ghddjtaths, bnlbldhtj y bhrhojdls ejfèmeldls slkrj dh tuokh. Bhsl rjdjvhmtj nh sael jd ej Paddhrrabh, elmej umh `hoadah nh rjhdazhel jd `jstjfl ejd eïh ejd maøl jm tlrml h dh pjqujøh tuokh jm jd phtal trhsjrl ej dh bhsh.
85. Shmabhel nlrmjhel. Njbnl slkrj dh khsj ej hdoaeòm ej ohmealbh, qujsl, ohmtjbh, djbnj y shd.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
Jsbjmabhbalmjs saoadhrjs sujdjm lksjrvhrsj jm dls bhsls ej dh bjdjkrhbaòm ejd hmavjrshral ejd mhbaoajmtl ejd maøl ea`umtl. Jsths satuhbalmjs nhm sael rjgastrhehs thmtl jm Blrrajmtjs (Hrgjmtamh) blol jm Shrhguhy, ejd oasol olel jm dh dlbhdaehe ej Slshehs, (Oasalmjs, Hrgjmtamh) prambaphdojmtj jmtrj ejsbjmeajmtjs ej phrhguhyls l rjsaejmtjs phrhguhyls jm hdgumls khrrals ej dh bhpathd oasalmjrh. Slejols lksjrvhr bòol jsths satuhbalmjs ukabhm h dls sufjtls ‒prambaphdojmtj h dls eldajmtjs‒ jm jsthels ej blmbajmbah tjopl-jsphbahdjs ea`jrjmbahdjs. Ej jsth `lroh, phrh`rhsjhmel h Eurinjao8:, jstls jsthels ej blmbajmbah sj dlbhdazhm jm `jbnhs ejtjroamhehs y dls vhdlrjs h`jbtavls krjghm ej umh blmbajmbah bloöm quj ltlrgh hd tajopl ej dh oujrtj kal`ïsabh dh vhdjmbah ej dh blmtamuaehe, dh rj-ojolrhbaòm y dh bjdjkrhbaòm plr dh vagjmbah ejd hmgjdatl jm jd Bajdl. K[JPJR BLMRAEJ[HBALMJR RLK[J SH[UJ EJ DHR S[ÈBUABHR @ZMJ[H[AHR
[jsudthrïh lkval ojmbalmhr quj jm jd dustrl quj nh eurhel dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh dhs oujrtjs nhm sael sumtulshs, ddjghmel h sjr phrtj ej dh bltaeahmaehe. Ml slrprjmej h oubnls quj nhyh oujrtjs eurhmtj buhdquajr gujrrh, shdvl h dls eldajmtjs earjbtls, l kajm dujgl jm dhs hprjbahbalmjs jstheïstabhs j aophbtls ejolgrèbls. Jopjrl ejkjrïhols rjjxalmhr slkrj ltrhs satuhbalmjs jophrjmthehs blm dhs satuhbalmjs ej oujrtj y olrar, h shkjr6 dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs. Jd hblmtjbaoajmtl kádabl, hd blmvjrtarsj jm bltaeahml, mhturhdazh dh oujrtj j arruopj jm dh bltaeahmjaehe prjvah hd ejsjmdhbj ej dh gujrrh. Jddl blmvjrgj jm dh amvasakadazhbaòm, sadjmbahoajmtl, mjutrhdazhbaòm l eadhthbaòm ej ejtjroamhehs prèbtabhs quj jrhm `rjbujmtjs `ujrh ej dls blmtjxtls ejd blmabtl. Brjjols quj dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs vambudhehs h dls bheèvjrjs ej dh 8:. Joadj Eurinjao, Dhs `lrohm jdjoámthdjs ej dh vaeh rjdagalsh. (Shrïs6 SZ@, 810>), 83. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :2 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
gujrrh nhm trhmsathel jstj bhoaml rj`jrael up suprh. Ml hrohols quj dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs nhyhm ejshphrjbael jm jsls bambl høls, saml quj sj sadjmbahrlm, eadhthrlm eadhthrlm y blkafhrlm jm dls jsphbals ej dh amtaoaehe. Easplmjr ejd bujrpl ejd ea`umtl ‒blmsjbujmbah ej umh oujrtj kádabh y blm dhs buhdaehejs quj nh tjmael dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh‒ oès quj umh rjgdh rjsudth umh jxbjpbaòm. @ujrlm plbls dls eldajmtjs quj pueajrlm tjmjr blmthbtl blm jd bujrpl ejd `hoadahr ea`umtl. Uhoplbl ejsjhols jmumbahr quj dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs rjquajrjm sajoprj hd bujrpl prjsjmtj9 plr jd blmtrhral, dh ohylrïh ej jddhs sj rjhdazhm sam jd bujrpl ejd ea`umtl. Ej jstj olel jsthrïhols jm blmeabalmjs ej hrohr quj umh ej dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs ojmls `rjbujmtj eurhmtj dh gujrrh nh sael jd vjdlral blmvjmbalmhd/trheabalmhd h bujrpl prjsjmtj. Jstl ml quath dh rjhdazhbaòm vjdlral ej dh rlph 80, jdl mlvjmhral l rjzl plr jd hdoh ej dls oujrtls y ejd dhs oashs ej jxjquahs. Jm dl quj sj rjjrj h dh oujrtj ej hmgjdatls l oujrtj maøh dls vjdlrals jm jstj pjralel easthm oubnl ej dls ejsbratls hopdahojmtj jm dh datjrhturh phrhguhyh, hqujddhs mhrrhbalmjs elmej dls ratls jrhm blm oösabh y khadj, ehmzhmtjs y bjdjkrhtlrals, yh quj um hdoh hmgjdabhd rjgrjshkh hd Bajdl. Dh bltaeahmaehe ej dh gujrrh, dh ohsavaehe ej dh oujrtj ej maøls, ml pjroatïh gjmjrhr jstls blmtjxtls jm dls quj phrtabaphkhm oubnls `hoadahrjs y grhm phrtj ej dh blohrbh quj sj hbjrbhkh h kusbhr dh kjmeabaòm ejd hmgjdatl. Jm bhsl ej nhddhrsj jd bujrpl ejd maøl ea`umtl, dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs sj bjmtrhkhm jm jmvldvjr jd bujrpl jm um trlzl ej tjdh, prj`jrjmtjojmtj ej bldlr kdhmbl, sjpudthrdl jm jd dughr elmej nhkïh sael nhddhel l, sa jd blmtjxtl dl pjroatïh, trhsdhehrdl hd bjojmtjral oès pròxaol sjøhdazhmel dh tuokh 80. Olehdaehe ej vjdlral hmtj dh husjmbah ejd bujrpl. Rj vjdhm prjmehs ej vjstar ejd `hddjbael ddjvhmel h bhkl dhs prèbtabhs b lrrjsplmeajmtj h dls vjdlrals blmvjmbalmhdjs. Rj rjbloajmeh vjr Báshr Avèm Klmehr y Uhtahmh Ldojel —Pjdlrals „ej dh rlph‑ y „ej dh `ltl‑. Els bhsls ej oujrtj heudth‟. Path Krjvas. [jvasth jdjbtròmabh ej jstueals ej dh oujrtj. Amtjrprjthbalmjs blmtjoplrèmjhs j aejhs ej dl slkrjmhturhd jm tlrml h dh oujrtj . Høl 5, möo. 0, jmjrl-fumal ej ;38:, Amstatutl Mhbalmhd ej Hmtrl pldlgïh j Nastlrah. Buhuntáolb, Oáxabl, E.@.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
blm umh bruz ej bldlr kdhmbl. Ulehs jsths oïmaohs hbbalmjs plst olrtjo sj vajrlm aoplsakadathehs jm jd bhsl ej dh Khthddh ej dls Maøls, yh quj dls bujrpls `ujrlm ambamjrhels fumtl h dls slkrjvavajmtjs y bldhklrhelrjs. Hsaoasol, slm plbls dls rjgastrls quj mls pjroatjm rj`jrar h dhs satuhbalmjs ejsbraths. Ej hnï dh rjdjvhmbah ej dls bjmlthls l kajm ej dhs brubjs slkrj dhs tuokhs ej maøls ejsblmlbaels. H jddl rjjrj dh aejh ej Iurusö, am`hmtj rjsjøhel plr Glmzèdjz Ulrrjs876 Zmh bruz bdhvheh slkrj dh tuokh ej um maøl-sldehel ejsblmlbael, oèrtar ej dh Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu, bjrbh ej Jusjkal Hyhdh, dh hmtaguh Khrrjrl Grhmej. Rjgöm dh trheabaòm hddï, khfl um grhmej y vajfl dhurjd, `uj sjpudthel um maøl sldehel, um am`hmtj, oujrtl jm dh khthddh. Js nly dughr ej pjrjgramhbaòm, phrtabudhrojmtj jd 2 ej ohyl, eïh ej dh bruz, y jd 80 ej hglstl, `jbnh ej dh gdlralsh y ejsaguhd khthddh dakrheh jm 8>01.
Zml ej dls rjgastrls slkrj dhs prèbtabhs `umjrhrahs jm hmgjdatls sj jmbujmtrh jm dh lkrh ejmloamheh —Oufjr phrhguhyh jmtjrrhmel h sus nafls‟, pukdabheh jm dh [jvasth Nhrpjrµs Wjjidy jm jm 8>73. Jsth lkrh rjtrhth h umh oufjr trhsdhehmel h su hmgjdatl slkrj dh bhkjzh, plshel jm umh pjqujøh thkdh y helrmhel blm lrjs. Jsth prèbtabh rjsudthkh `rjbujmtj jm jd Shrhguhy y hopdahojmtj rjgastrheh jm jd pjralel ej dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh. Buhmel dhs easthmbahs, jmtrj jd eloabadal ej dh `hoadah y jd bjojmtjral jrhm blrths, dls ejuels trhsdhehkhm jd bujrpl h paj. Jxplmjols jsth lkrh ejkael h dh rjprjsjmthtavaehe ej dh aohgjm y su rjdjvhmbah jm dl quj sj rjjrj h dh adustrhbaòm ej umh prèbtabh quj nh sael lksjrvheh h mhdjs ej dh Gujrrh y quj blmtamuhrè vagjmtj nhsth hvhmzheh dh sjgumeh oathe ejd sagdl ^^ jmtrj dls nhkathmtjs ej zlmhs rurhdjs ejd Shrhguhy. Shrhguhy.
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
@ag. ;;6 —Oufjr phrhguhyh jmtjrrhmel h sus nafls‟, pukdabheh jm dh [jvasth Nhrpjrµs Wjjidy jm 8>73 (Grhkhel hphrjbael jm Nhrpjr‑s Wjjidy, hkrad ej 8>73. Kakdaltjbh ejd Blmgrjsl ej dls JJ.ZZ.)
ltrhslkrj jsbjmhumh oèsthkdh aoprjsalmhmtj jrhbujrpl vjr oherjs bhoamhmel Sjrl sldhs hum qujnhkïh ddjvhkhm jm dh bhkjzhy jd holrthfhel ej sus nafls h dh sjpudturh. Hdgumhs vjbjs jstj sldathral `umjrhd akh hblophøhel ej ltrl ejuel sldathral buyl rlstrl pèdael y hrrughel phrjbïh ejbar quj ml threhrïh jm hblophøhr h su njrohmatl. Gjmjrhd Ohrtïm Ohb Ohnlm, 81738> Ghdjhml Ldavjrh mls rjbujreh quj jsth prèbtabh jrh ouy vasakdj jmtrj dhs trheabalmjs ejd Shrhguhy6 —Nhkatuhdojmtj, dh oherj bhrgh jmbaoh ej dh bhkjzh jd hthöe ejd hmgjdatl slkrj um hthel ej tjdh (hiëpytjhl) y, jm su ej`jbtl, dl bhrgh jd pherj l hdgöm njrohml l njrohmh ohylr ej 82 høls‟81. Ejd oasol olel, slkrj jsths jxpjrajmbahs rjsjøh Euhrtj Bhzò6 —Jd hthöe, hkajrtl, js ddjvhel slkrj dh bhkjzh ej dh oherj l dh oheramh l, h pudsl, plr buhtrl maøls, hoaguatls l phrajmtjs. Xuajm sj bruzhrj blm jd blrtjfl ejkj hbjrbhrsj hd hthöe y ejplsathr olmjehs jm ád‟;3. 8>. nttp6//tjohijd.mjt/mlej/815. Blmsudthel jd 83 ej eabajokrj e j ;380. 81. Ehvae Ghdjhml Ldavjrh, —Dh Oujrtj jm dh budturh plpudhr Shrhguhyh‟. Blm`jrjmbah AA Jm-
Shrhguhy. (Hsumbaòm, Shrhguhy6 Rjrva Dakrl, ;38;), 87. Ealmasal O. Glmzèdjz Ulrrjs @ldidlrj ejd Shrhguhy. 255. Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :5 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
bujmtrl ej Hmtrlplsjoaòtabh ej dh oujrtj y jd olrar. @hbudthe ej Nuohmaehejs y Bajmbahs Rlbahdjs. Zmavjrsaehe Mhbalmhd ej Oasalmjs. Slshehs, Oasalmjs. Oasalmjs. Hrgjmtamh. 8> y 81 ej lbtukrj. ;3. Dlurejs Euhrtj Bhzò, —Blmsudtlrïh ej amvjstaghbaòm slkrj Shtraolmal Budturhd Amohtjrahd ejd Shrhguhy‟. (Hsumbaòm-Shrhguhy6 Rjbrjthrah Mhbalmhd ej Budturh Bjmtrl ej Amvjstaghbalmjs jm @adlsl`ïh y Bajmbahs Nuohmhs YBA@_). Amvjstaghbaòm rjhdazheh blm jd hplyl ej dls @lmels ej Budturh phrh Srlyjbtls Bauehehmls ej dh Rjbrjthrïh Mhbalmhd ej Budturh, ;38;) 2; www.sabpy.glv.
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
EJ[APHBALMJR
B.8. DHR AOÈGJMJR BLOL BLOSLMJMUJR EJ DH UNHMHULBZDUZ[H
Øhmej èmgh rj‑úmguj nh ohyoèvh øhohmlvh‑jrâ, tloklnjshpj øhmej py‑holmgjth lrjoklrhynuguavj, fhaiuhhnhguâ mehnh‑áanh yvyplrhrh ihtu pjnæmgujmtj il hrhpy èra ;8
Buhmel rj`jraols h dh tnhmhtlbudturh hdueaols h dh budturh `umjrhrah jm sjmtael gjmárabl y h dhs prèbtabhs, hbtatuejs, ohma`jsthbalmjs, aohgamhrals y brjjmbahs jm sjmtael phrtabudhr, jspjbïbl y rjdhtavl. Ej jsth `lroh, buhmel sj prlplmj jd hklrehfj ej dh prlkdjoètabh, ejkjols htjmejr ej `lrohbaòm, blmbrjth h dhs rjdhbalmjs dls amtjrdlbutlrjs/sufjtls ej dh amvjstagh amvjstaghbaòm, dls eavjrsls blmtjxtlsjmtrj sagmabhmtjs, dhs ojolrahs, tjoplrhdaehejs y jsphbals/dughrjs ej amsbrapbaòm, prleubbaòm y rjprleubbaòm. Slr jddl, rjsudth rjdjvhmtj sjøhdhr bòol dhs aoègjmjs jxpujsths nhkdhm y oujstrhm phrtj ej dhs trhms`lrohbalmjs trhms`lrohbalmjs quj nh su`rael dh slbajehe phrhguhyh jm dl quj rjspjbth h dh blmgurhbaòm ej su slbajehe y `lrohs ej vjr y blmstruar jstj hblmtjbaoajmtl ej oujrtj. Bdhrhojmtj, mls hbjrbhm h hdgumls ej dls bhokals jm dh ohmjrh jm quj dh slbajehe vjnabudazh dh blmstrubbaòm ej umh phrbahdaehe ej su ojolrah `umjrhrah, htjmeajmel sajoprj
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
`lroh, mls olvadazhols jm pdhmls ej dh oujrtj kal`ïsabh ‒blol bjshbaòm ej dh vaeh hmaohd‒ y dls bloplmjmtjs slbal-budturhdjs vambudhels h dhs olehdaehejs ej oujrtj, `lrohs, sjmtaels, jtb., sajoprj amtjrrjdhbalmhels amtjrrjdhbalmhels blm jd brlmltlpl. Dh eaojmsaòm ej dh oujrtj, mhdaehe ameaslbahkdj ameaslbahkdj ej dh blmeabaòm nuohmh, amojrsh jm um brlmltlpl jspjbïbl, mls plsakadath hprlxaohbalmjs hprlxaohbalmjs bloprjmsavhs h dhs eavjrshs blmgurhbalmjs ej dh aohgamhbaòm rjdagalsh ;; jm tlrml hd olrar. Bdhrhojmtj ml sj oujrj ej dh oasoh `lroh jm ea`jrjmtjs tjoplrhdaehejs9 thoplbl jm eavjrsls sjbtlrjs slbahdjs ej pjrtjmjmbah. Jsths eastambalmjs eastambalmjs sj pujejm aejmtabhr ml sòdl jm jd oumel ej dls vavls, saml hejoès jm jd umavjrsl ej dls ea`umtls6 dls lrejmhoajmtls slbahdjs ej jehe, pjrtjmjmbahs, sastjohs ej brjjmbahs, eastambalmjs/sthtus eastambalmjs/sthtus gjmjrhm y rjgjmjrhm jsqujohs saoadhrjs jm jd am`rhoumel9 rjprleubael plr dls ejuels jmtrj dls vavls. Dh tnhmhtlbudturh ambduyj, ambduyj, hejoès, dhs bhrtlgrh`ïhs `umjrhrahs, dls ratls, sus hbtuhdazhbalmjs y blmtamuaehejs. Hequajrj jspjbahd rjdjvhmbah dh —vlz‟ ej dls amtjrdlbutlrjs, quj pjroatj dh rjblmstrubbaòm ej dls blmtjxtls sagmabhmtjs ejsblmlbaels, jm oubnhs barbumsthmbahs, plr jd amvjstaghelr. Jm dl quj rjspjbth h mujstrls amtjrjsjs, dls bloplmjmtjs ej dh budturh `umjrhrah dls nhddhols jm dhs mhrrhtavhs y prèbtabhs ej dls eavjrsls sufjtls,
ojmtj, ej hprlxaohbalmjs hprlxaohbalmjs prlgrjsavhs, buhdathtavhs y ej brjbajmtj blopdj faehe, nhkadatèmelsj nhkad atèmelsj dh bloprjmsaòm b loprjmsaòm ej dh budturh jolbalmhd j olbalmhd jm tlrml t lrml h dh oujrtj y jd olrar. Amtrleubar Amtrleubar dhs mlbalmjs ej oujrtj y olrar aopdabh easbusalmjs y blmsaejrhbalmjs bjmtrhdjs jm tlrml h dh tnhmhtlbudturh 6 ej jsth
sam aoplrthr jd grupl jthrjl pjrtjmjmbah9 maøls, fòvjmjs, heudtls l hmbahmls hplrthm jdjojmtls ejej rjdjvhmtj aoplrthmbah phrh dh bloprjmsaòm brjhtavh ej dh prlkdjoètabh blmvlbhmtj. Slr jddl, dh rjbupjrhbaòm ej dhs —vlbjs oès hmtaguhs‟ rjsudth ej vathd rjdjvhmbah (jsths vlbjs ml jstèm sòdl jm dh phdhkrh lrhd9 hejoès dhs nhddhols jm dl ablmlgrèbl)9 hsaoasol ml sj ejsbuaehm dhs hbtuhdazhbalmjs jm dls mujvls blmtjxtls sagmabhmtjs, sagmabhmtjs, blol dls bjmlthls y olmuojmtls `umjrhrals. Jsths
py/g`x/elwmdlhe.pnp>7 . Blmsudthel jd 5 ej jmjrl ej ;385. py/g`x/elwmdlhe.pnp>7 ;8. Xuj dls jspïratus ej mujstrls oujrtls y tlels hqujddls quj hdgöm eïh sjrjols bheèvjr aduoamjm jsths rjjxalmjs ejsej dhs jolbalmjs y phsalmjs9 phrh ehrmls bujmth quj ml slols ammatls, saml pjqujøhs phrtjs ej um tlel oès blopdjfl. Urheubbaòm ejd Guhrhmï6 Ehahmh @j rrjyrh. Hrgjmtamh.
;;. [jtlohols dh mlbaòm ej —aohgamhbaòm rjdagalsh‟ ej dls trhkhfls ej Oh. Fjsös Kuxò [jy (bllre.), Rhdvhelr [lerïgujz Kjbjrrh (bllre.), Djòm Bhrdls Hdvhrjz y Rhmthdò (bllre.) Rhmthdò (bllre.) Dh rjdagal- saehe Slpudhr. ( Jsphøh 6 Hmtnrlpls 6 Hmtnrlpls,, 81>1)
h dhBlmsaejrhols prlkdjoètabh ej maøh. ej jstj rjblrtj rjquajrj, mjbjshrahqujdh jdoujrtj trhthoajmtl
Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :: | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
vlbjs ej dh tnhmhtlbudturh mls mls pjroatjm bloprjmejr dls eavjrsls prlbjsls, blol njols sjøhdhel6 trhs`lrohbalmjs, blmtamuaehejs y hbtuhdazhbalmjs. Dhs rj`jrjmbahs hd olrar mls pjroatjm ejdamjhr dhs eastambalmjs jmtrj dls ea`jrjmtjs blmtjxtls, sufjtls y tjoplrhdaehejs, hejoès ej hprlxaohrmls h bòol sj amblrplrh, amtjrprjth y rjprleubj jd nhkatus `umjrhral `umjrhral ej dhs bloumaehejs, jd rld ej dhs amstatubalmjs ej dh budturh y dh aoplrthmbah ej jstls blmlbaoajmtls jm dh vaeh bltaeahmh. Njols ddhohel bhrtlgrh`ïh `umjrhrah hd lrejmhoajmtl, trhzhel, blmgurhbaòm j aohgamhbaòm jm tlrml hd tlpls ej ej dls oujrtls jmtrj dls vavls. Jd trhzhel ej dhs sagmabhbalmjs, sagmabhbalmjs, dughrjs, aoègjmjs/aohgamhrals jm tlrml h dls oujrtls y dh rjprjsjmthbaòm rjprjsjmthbaòm slkrj dh oujrtj. Jd dughr quj lbu lbuphm phm
jm dh eavjrsaehe ej dls sastjohs saokòdabls, dh plsakadaehe ej jsthkdjbjr umh blmtamuaehe bloumabhtavh blm dh ojolrah j nastlrah `umjrhrah ej dls pujkdls. Mujstrh prlpujsth ej tnhmhtlsjoalsas ejblmstruyj, easaph dhs aoègjmjs ej dh oujrtj y jd olrar quj sj nhm blmstruael jm dh olejrmaehe6 umh oujrtj blmbjkaeh blol jd m ej dhs rjdhbalmjs y dls vïmbudls slbahdjs, umh oujrtj thkö. Bdhrl js jd jfjopdl easplmakdj jm bheh umh ej dhs aoègjmjs slbahdazhehs. slbahdazhehs. Mls hvjmturhols jm jstj mjldlgasol blm jd lkfjtl ej prlplmjr eaèdlgls (am)blsabhelrjs jmtrj dhs pjrbjpbalmjs slkrj dh oujrtj y jd olrar, y sus hprjbahbalmjs y blmstrubbalmjs slbal-budturhdjs y rjdhbalmhdjs blm dls prlbjsls slbal-nastòrabls.
dls ea`umtls9 dls vhdlrjs quj sjtajopls/hblmtjbaoajmtls, djs hsagmhm, dhs —ruths‟ qujhpjtjmbahs, ohrbhm y bòol sjøhdazhm j ameabhm jsphbals, pjrtjmjmbahs. Jm ltrhs phdhkrhs9 dh vaeh slbahd nuohmh ambduyj dh vaeh slbahd ej dls oujrtls, dls prlbjsls ej oujrtj, dh oujrtj ejd ltrl slkrj dh buhd sï mls pjroataols rjjxalmhr, hmhdazhr, jstueahr y blmfjturhr. Jsth bhrtlgrh`ïh `umjrhrah ml sj jmbujmtrh sòdl jm dh aohgamhbaòm slbal-rjdagalsh slbal-rjdagalsh ej dhs bloumaehejs,, saml hejoès jm dh blmgurhbaòm ejd nèkatht bltaeahml, ej bloumaehejs dh vaeh bltaeahmh ej dh gjmtj. Js ejbar, dh oujrtj nhkdh ej dh vaeh, ej dls prlbjsls slbal-nastòrabls, slbal-nastòrabls, blsolgòmabls, slbal-pldïtabls y l`rjbj um blm-
tnhmhtlsjoalsasejaopdabhrïh Dh jmbhejmhels umh pjrbjpbaòmbldjbtavhs ej dh oujrtj y jdbldjbtaolrar blol sjmtaels, blmstrubbalmjs (h vjbjs vazhehs) ej mujvls jsphbals quj sj lplmjm h dh ejgrhehbaòm ej dh ojolrah y quj rj-gjmjrhm jsphbals ej rjjxaòm brïtabh slkrj dl hblmtjbael. Srjtjmej nhbjr mlthr quj dh oujrtj ml aopdabh jd m ej dls sjmtaels, saml quj sj amsbrakj jm dh `hbudthe ejd sagml6 umh mhturhdjzh mhturhdjz h quj dj pjroatj sjr amtjrprjtheh jm umh blmtamuaehe he ammatuo. Dh oujrtj aopdabhrïh umh blmtamuaehe, um uokrhd, ml js sldhojmtj um njbnl kal`ïsabl, saml um sagml brlmltòpabhojmtj blmstruael j amtjrprjthel.
ejmshel yh qujátmabh, dls olels hd brjel, ej h dhbudturh, prlbjejmbah jtb. ejd olrar slm rjdhtavls hd blmtjxtl,
tnhmhtlsjoalsas Khfl dh ejmloamhbaòm ambduaols dls sastjohs ej bloumabhbaòm, amtjrbhokal yejjxprjsaòm phrh/blm dls oujrtls, dls jmbhejmhels sïgmabls quj blmgurhm dls jsphbals ej dls oujrtls, dhs ojolrahs y dls jsqujohs amtjrprjthtavls ej ejtjroamhels sastjohs saokòdabls-budturhdjs, dls ohphs lrajmthelrjs, earjbbalmhelrjs y blmgurhelrjs ej dh vaeh ej dls oujrtls y bòol slm rjprjsjmthels j aohgamhels plr dls vavls. Ej jstj olel, jm dls bhsls hmhdazhels, blol jmbhejmhel ej sagmabhbalmjs y prèbtabhs eahdlgazhehs, dh ojolrah lpjrh l pjrh blol easplsatavl prlyjbtavl, mutraámelsj ej dl quj —nh sael‟, —nukajsj sael‟ l —ejsjhel quj `ujrh‟, sj
B.;. UNHMHULRJOALRAR Q UNHMHULB[LMLULSAH
Srlplmjr dh blmbjptuhdazhbaòm ej tnhmhtlsjoalsa tnhmhtlsjoalsas s ;2 dagheh h dh prleubbaòm ej —aoègjmjs ej dh oujrtj‟ (jm satuhbaòm kádabh) aopdabh blmbjkar, ;2. Báshr Avèm Klmehr, —Unhmhtlsjoalsas6 bloumabhbaòm blm dls maøls ea`umtls. Uuokhs, Uuokhs, bldlrjs, jpathls, jxvltls y ojolrah(s)‟. [jvasth [ZMH ^^^AAA [ZMH ^^^AAA (;), (@@yD - ZKH pp 812-;85, ;38;).
Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :0 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
olmthm jstrhtjgahs ej blmtamuaehe y brjhtavaehe eahdlgazheh. Bdhrhojmtj
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
mls jmblmtrhols hmtj jmbhejmhels ej sagmabhbalmjs quj jsbhphm h dhs dlglbámtrabhs y damjhdjs blmstrubbalmjs ej dh oujrtj kal`ïsabh blol jd m ej dhs rjdhbalmjs slbahdjs6 prj`jraols hrohr quj mls njols olvadazhel jm umavjrsls ej sagmls, phrh mheh bhthdlghkdjs blol —tjdörabls‟ l —ejd am`rhoumel‟, saml bltaeahmls, `hoadahrjs y blopdjfls. Brïojmjs quj nhm tjmael tj mael h dh oujrtj maøh blol prlthglmasth y mumbh fuzgheh. Jm dh oasoh dïmjh hmhdïtabh prlplmjols pjmshr dh prlkdjoètabh ejsej dh aejh ej tnhmltlbrlmltlpïh . Ásth prjsuplmj hklrehr dh oujrtj y jd olrar jm dls jsphbals y tajopls, y hsaoasol jm dls jsphbals y tajopls ej dh oujrtj y jd olrar. [jtlohols dh mlbaòm ej brlmltlpl ej dh tjlrïh khftamahmh phrh rjshdthr dh mjbjsaehe ej pjrbakar jm dh oujrtj y jd olrar dls ameabals ejd tajopl (jd trhsbursl ej dh tjoplrhdaehe)6 mls pjroataols hprjbahr quj jd brlmltlpl blmeabalmh/blmgurh dh oujrtj y jd olrar, hsaoasol sus ohtjrahdaehejs, ojmthdaehejs, rj-prjsjmthbalmjs j aoègjmjs, dls babdls, dhs rjdhbalmjs, jtb. [jburrar h dh mlbaòm ej brlmltlpl phrh dh blmstrubbaòm ej dh pjrbjpbaòm slkrj dh oujrtj y jd olrar mls hmaoh h rjblmlbjr dh aoplsakadaehe ej `rhbbalmhr dh tjoplrhdaehe y h pjmshr bòol dh blmsthmtj rjdhbaòm ej ohma`jsthbalmjs ej ea`jrjmtjs jsphbals y tajopls gjmjrh mujvhs hdtjrmhtavhs ej jxprjsaòm6 quj ml sj pajrejm jm dl quj `ujrlm (sa —`ujrlm‟ —`ujrlm‟ `ujsj plsakdj), quj ml sj ejtajmjm, saml quj sj prlyjbthm nhbah jd `uturl, h shkjr6 jm dh blmtamuaehe ej dh aohgjm. Sueaols hprjbahr ej `lroh earjbth, jm dhs aoègjmjs prlpujsths, bòol jd brlmltlpl blmeabalmh dls olels ej hbbalmhr hmtj dh oujrtj y jd olrar (jf. jd nárlj, jd oèrtar), hejoès jsthkdjbj quá js dl quj sj amsbrakj blol oujrtl, quá aopdabh jd olrar, bòol jsqujohtazhr dls jsphbals (jf. jd bjmlthl, dh tuokh ejd maøl ejsblmlbael), rj-prjsjmthr dh oujrtj6 jm pdhmls ej dl blgmlsbakdj y dl blmbjkakdj blol plsakdj.
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
[J@J[JMBAHR KAKDALG[È@ABHR
Hguarrj, Hmerás. Hblsth Øu6 jplpjyh ej dls sagdls . Oumabaphdaehe ej Jusjkal Hyhdh. (Hsumbaòm ‒ Shrhguhy6 Jeatlrahd Shtrah, Shtrah, 8171).
Hrjbjs, Maeah [. —Ej dh Amejpjmejmbah h dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh (8>88-8>73)‟. Bhpïtudl PAAA jm Nastlrah ejd Shrhguhy . Agmhbal Ujdjsbh (bllre.) (Shrhguhy6 Je. Uhurus, ;383). Khthddh ej Hblsth Øu. Elbuojmtl ejd Oamastjral ej Jeubhbaòm y Budturh. [jpökdabh ejd Shrhguhy Shrhguhy.nttp6//kakdaltjbh.phrhguhyjeubh.lr .nttp6//kakdaltjbh.phrhguhyjeubh.lrg/kakdaltjbh/ g/kakdaltjbh/ blmtjmaels\jeubhtavls/pljsahs/jm-bhstjddhml/khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu/ khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu.pe`/vajw.. 82/3;/;387. khthddh-ej-hblsth-mu.pe`/vajw Klmehr, Báshr Avèm. —Unhmhtlsjoalsas6 bloumabhbaòm blm dls maøls ea`umtls. Uuokhs, bldlrjs, jpathls, jxvltls y ojolrah(s)‟ jm [jvasth
[ZMH ^^^AAA [ZMH ^^^AAA (;), @@yD - ZKH pp. 812-;85, ;38;.
Klmehr, Báshr Avèm y Ldojel, Uhtahmh —Pjdlrals —Pjdlrals „ej dh rlph‑ y „ej dh `ltl‑. Els bhsls ej oujrtj heudth‟. Path Krjvas. [jvasth jdjbtròmabh ej jstueals ej dh oujrtj. Amtjrprjthbalmjs blmtjoplrèmjhs j aejhs ej dl slkrjmhturhd jm tlrml h dh oujrtj . Høl 5, möo. 0, jmjrl-fumal ej ;38:, Amstatutl Mhbalmhd ej Hmtrlpldlgïh j Nastlrah. (Buhuntáolb, (Buhuntáolb, Oáxabl, Oáxabl, E E.@ .@.). .). Kuxò [jy, Oh. Fjsös (bllre.), Rhdvhelr [lerïgujz Kjbjrrh (bllre), Djòm Bhrdls Èdvhrjz y Rhmthdò (bllre.) Dh rjdagalsaehe Slpudhr. (Jsphøh6
Hmtnrlpls, 81>1). Euhrtj Bhzò, Dlurejs —Blmsudtlrïh ej amvjstaghbaòm slkrj Shtraolmal Budturhd Amohtjrahd ejd Shrhguhy‟. (Hsumbaòm-Shrhguhy6 Rjbrjthrïh Mhbalmhd ej Budturh Bjmtrl ej Amvjstaghbalmjs jm @adlsl`ïh y Bajmbahs Nuohmhs (BA@). Amvjstaghbaòm rjhdazheh blm jd hplyl ej dls @lmels ej Budturh phrh Srlyjbtls Bauehehmls ej dh Rjbrjthrïh Mhbalmhd ej Budturh, ;38;). r jdagalsh. (Shrïs6 SZ@, Eurinjao, Joadj (810>) Dhs `lrohm jdjoámthdjs ej dh vaeh rjdagalsh. 810>). Jsblkhr, Uabal —Blmsaejrhbalmjs slkrj jd hrtj ejsej dh Gujrrh blmtrh dh
Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :7 | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
BÁRH[ APÈM KLMEH[
Urapdj Hdahmzh‟. Bhpïtudl ^PA jm Nastlrah ejd Shrhguhy . Agmhbal Ujdjsbh (bllre.) (Shrhguhy6 Je. Uhurus, ;383).
Ghdjhml Ldavjrh, Ehvae, —Dh Oujrtj jm dh budturh plpudhr Shrhguhyh‟. Blm`jrjmbah AA Jmbujmtrl ej Hmtrlplsjoaòtabh ej dh oujrtj oujr tj y jd olrar. @hbudthe ej Nuohmaehejs y Bajmbahs Rlbahdjs. Zmavjrsaehe Mhbalmhd ej Oasalmjs. Slshehs, Oasalmjs. Oasalmjs. Hrgjmtamh. 8> y 81 ej lbtukrj. Glmzèdjz Bhshmlvh, Shkdl (bllre.) — Hoárabh Dhtamh. Nastlrah ej ojeal sagdl. 8. Hoárabh ejd Rur ‟ (Oáxabl6 Je. R^^A, ;332). Glmzèdjz Ulrrjs, Ealmasal O. @ldidlrj ejd Shrhguhy. (Hsumbaòm, Shrhguhy6 Rjrva Dakrl, ;38;). [ukahma, Flrgj (bllre.) —Dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh‟. Ulols A y AA . Jeabaòm ej Eahral hkb BLDL[. (Shrhguhy6 Je. HVJUH R.H., 811>). [uagòojz Gòojz, Bhrojm. —Dh Gujrrh ej dh Urapdj Hdahmzh. Zm blmabtl rjgalmhd‟. Xuamtl bjmtjmhral, Oherae6 Jeat. Zmavjrsaehe Blopdutjmsj. M¶ 85, 81>>. Pjròm, Duas —Jd Rjrvabal ej Rhmaehe. Urapdj Hdahmzh ‟. (Hsumbaòm-Shrhguhy6 Je. Jd Djbtlr, ;382).
Rldjad - Jstueals ej dh Aohgjm, Pld 1, ;387, pp. 55-:> :> | [jvasth Rhms Rldjad -
DH —KHUHDDH EJ DLR MAØLR‟, 80 EJ HGLRUL EJ 8>01
View more...
Comments
