Basics Road Lighting Printout

Basics for roadlighting

Uwe Rabenstein LiDAC Hochschule Wismar April 8, 2009

Road lighting

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Freedom of design - Free arrangements of the luminares? - bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface? - Which luminare design?

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Freedom of design - The safety for the traffic has abolute priority! - The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are results of the official standards. - Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. - Different light colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation.

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Classification of roadlighting mainroads sideroads junction / roundabout tunnels / subway crossing shopping roads residential roads

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Standards/recommendations for roadlighting DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2; (ME-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² to 2cd/m²); CIE 115-1995 DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2; (ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.5cd/m² or 3lx resp. 7lx); CIE 115-1995 DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 part 1 and 2; (CE-classes with 7.5lx to 50lx); CIE 115-1995 DIN 67524 part 1 to 2; RABT 2006

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2; (CE- or S-classes); CIE 115-1995 DIN EN 13201 parts 1 to 4, some parts from DIN 5044 Teil 1 and 2; (ME- or S-classes with appr. 0.3cd/m² or 2lx resp. 10lx) ; CIE 115-1995

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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cd/m² ?

lx? basics of light

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Visual job: recognize objects on the road

- Ko

luminance cd/m²

ntra s

t

illuminance lx

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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level of brightness 100000lx - sunlight

20000lx - cloudy sky in the summer

5000lx - cloudy sky in the winter betw. 2 and 30lx - roadlighting max. 1lx - moonlight

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Requirements for roadlighting Negativ-contrast (dark object opposite to the bright background)

• luminances • illuminances • uniformity • Threshold increment

Laverage Ehaverage UL(along) UO(hole) TI

= 0,3 - 2,0 cd/m2 = 2 - 30 lux = 0.5 - 0.7 = min/average 0.3 - 0.4 = 10-20 %

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Influence of the luminace level for the traffic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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luminace of the road L

L p = q • E hP

q = q (α , β , γ )

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Influence of the local uniformity for the traffic

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

uniformity U0 and UL Uniformity overall

U0 =

Uniformity along

∑L

p

n

n

UL = LRmin / LRmax LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Glare?

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What is glare? Glare is light in high differences of luminace in the field of view, which is created by luminares. This differences create a physiologicalpsychological effect which has influence to: • Visual comfort • Visual power

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Kinds of glare Psychological glare (discomfort) -> create a discomfort and with a influence over a long period, the working capacity is reduced.

Physiological glare (disability glare) -> reduce the visiual power in kind of - visual sharpness - contrast recognization - lower working capacity

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Base for the visibility … is the contrast between difference objects.

Lo − Lu Co = Lu Co Lu Lo

contrast luminance in the surrounding luminance on the object LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Influence from glare for the visibility The contrast will be reduced between the two objects.

Lo − Lu Co = Lu + Lv Co Lu Lo Lv

contrast luminance in the surrounding luminance on the object equivalent veiling luminance LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment

influence from glare for visibility

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment

θ

Object dimension = 8’

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Threshold increment

TI = 65

Lv 0.8 Lu

n

Lv = K ∑

k =1

Lv

equivalent veiling luminance

Lu

adapted luminace

Ek

illuminace in the eye of the observer

Ek

θ

2 k

θk

angle in grad between the line of view and the line of connection from observer to the luminare

K

age factor (K=10 for a observer which is 23 years old)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment values for threshold increment

Threshold Increment (TI)

Glare level

> 15

disagreeable

10

acceptable

< 10

good

Achtung: Eine Beleuchtungsanlage kann am Beobachterauge die Schleierleuchtdichte erhöhen, ohne notwendigerweise die mittlere Leuchtdichte im Gesichtsfeld zu erhöhen. LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment

age factor K= f(age of the observer)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment When is the Threshold increment procedure are valid?

• The direction of view is in one line with the area which is observed. • The observed area has to be in the field of view from the observer.

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Threshold increment Not more luminares has to be controlled as located in a 20° field of view.

30m

20°

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Lightingdesign for a boulevard

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Information for a lighting design based on the DIN-standard - speed of the traffic - main user and other user which is allowed to use - impossible user - sectional view of the road (with/without middlelane) - number of traffic in the darkness (cars per hour and lane) - surroundbrightness and crime - intensity of bicycles - precaution for less traffic and parking cars - surface on the road (only for luminance calculation) LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Information (example) - Character:

mainroad

- average luminance

1.0cd/m²

- uniformity overall U0

0.40

- uniformity along UL

0.60

- Character:

footpath

- average illuminance

5lx

- minimum illuminance

1lx

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choose a luminare

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choose a luminare

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choose a luminare

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choose a luminare

IRIDIUM 252

IRIDIUM 253

KOFFER 70

MINIKOFFER

KOFFER 100

KOFFER 150

KOFFER 250

SGS 201

SGS 203

SGS 204

SEILKOFFER 70

SEILKOFFER 150

SEILKOFFER 250

Flache Ansatzleuchte

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Flache Seilleuchte

RESIDIUM

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Asymmetrical floodlight

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: round and symmetrical optic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Lineshape uplighting optic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Linear small UrbanLine (S)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Linear symmetrical with UrbanLine (SC)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Linear asymmetrical with UrbanLine (A)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Roadlighting optic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Roadlighting optic

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic for T-lamps - height of the luminare regarding a good uniformity ME ideal

height of the luminare

= road width +1m

1-3

acceptable

height of the luminare

= road width

4-5

minimum

height of the luminare

= road width -1m

6

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for ME-classes regarding a good uniformity ME ideal

spacing = height of the luminare x 4-5

1-3

acceptable

spacing = height of the luminare x 5-6

4-5

minimum

spacing = height of the luminare x 6-7

6

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with roadlighting optic for T-lamps - spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity Optic CT, OR, T Spacing

=

height of the luminare x 5 - 7

=

height of the luminare x 8 - 10

Optic WB Spacing

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics height of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity ideal

height of the luminare

= road width

acceptable

height of the luminare

= road width -1m

minimum

height of the luminare

= road width -2m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting with decorativ optics spacing of the luminare for S-classes regarding a good uniformity

Spacing

=

height of the luminare x 5 - 7

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting - Location of the poles location

appr. –2m to +2m behind the kerbstone

- Mounting on a arm Angle of the arm

max. 15°

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rule of thumb for dimension of roadlighting The values for the brightness is controlled by the lamppower. Which lamppower is necessary? This information can find in same design sheets or via calculation by software. Foundation for this is to have all the information on the pages before.

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Reflector positions

Position 1

Position 3 (5)*

Position 5 (11)*

* sodium lamps (cosmopolis lamps)

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Arrangement of luminares singlesided

doublesided

central

Doublesided shifted

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

wallmounted

rope

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Determination of the illuminance classes www.planungstool.philips.com Calculux Road Wizard C:\Programme\Calculux\Road Wizard\road wizard.exe

Link for downloads of calculux and road wizard http://www.lighting.philips.com/de_de/tools_downloads/calculux/index. php?main=de_de&parent=1_8&id=de_de_calculux&lang=de

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Software and tools for light calculation • Calculux 7.0 (Philips) • DIALux 4.6 (DIAL) • Relux 2009 (Relux) • Designtools as PDF-Files (Philips) • LCI – Lightingdesign software (Prof. Stockmar) • …

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Design tools

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Pedestrian crossing

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Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523)

Definition: b

= roadwith

c

= width of the pedestrian crossing

w

= waiting area

dL

= spacing of the valuation grid

A –F

= valuation points

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Pedestrian crossing – basics (german standard DIN 67523) The evaluation has to be done separat in each driving direction.

Definition:

= valuation points

- Spacing of the valuation points on lane E-F max. 1m - height of the valuation level 1m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Pedestrian crossing without any additional light DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04 Luminance (nominal value)

Lm = 2cd/m²

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX Average road luminance (maintenance value)

Lm ≥ 1.5 cd/m²

Uniformity overall

U0 = 0.4

Uniformity overall (Minimum)

U0 ≥ 0.4

Class of the glare limitation

KB = 1

Uniformity along (Minimum)

Ul ≥ 0.7

This lightsituation has to be realized min. 50m before and behind the pedestrian crossing.

Threshold increment (highest value)

TI ≤ 15 %

Surround ratio (Minimum)

SR ≥ 0,5

Vertical illuminance on the axis E-F (maintenance value)

EV ≥ 4 lx

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Pedestrian crossing without any additional light

DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX

Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (nominal value)

Evm = 40 lx

Average vertical illuminance on the axis in the middle of the pedestrian crossing (maintenance value)

Evm = 30 lx

Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points (nominal value)

Evmin ≥ 5 lx

Average vertical illuminance on each calculation points (maintenance value)

Evmin ≥ 4 lx

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Pedestrian crossing - requirements

DIN 67523-1 : 1988-04 Luminance of the road (nominal value)

Lm = 0.3cd/m²

DIN 67523-1: 2009-XX Average luminance of the road (maintenance value) ME6

Lm ≥ 0.3 cd/m²

Uniformity overall

U0 > 0.3

Uniformity overall (Minimum)

U0 ≥ 0.35

Klasse der Blendungsbegrenzung

KB = 1

Uniformity along (Minimum)

Ul ≥ 0.4

Diese Beleuchtungsverhältnisse müssen mindestens 100m vor und hinter und dem FGÜ gegeben sein.

Threshold increment (Highest value)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

TI ≤ 15 %

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Pedestrian crossing – design tools

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Pedestrian crossing – design tools

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Pedestrian crossing - example

Fußgängerüberweg in Hessisch-Oldendorf LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Roundabout

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roundabaout – luminare arrangement (standard)

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Roundabout – design tools

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Roundabout – design tools

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Roundabout - example Aachen – Europaplatz, Metronomis

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Car park lighting

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Freedom of design - Free arrangements of the luminares? - Bright-/darkzones on the roadsurface? - Which luminare design?

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Limitation for the design - safety for footsteps from persons are neccesarry - Visibility from persons/faces are benefical - The arrangement of the luminare, spacing and height are results of the official standards. - Using Luminares with a good design is allowed. Different light colours are possible, but the target is an efficacy lightinstallation

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Standards/recommendations for car park lighting

DIN EN 13201 part 1 to 4 - Roalighting (light for official car parcs included) DIN EN 12464 part II - Light on outdoor workspaces (light for privat car parcs included)

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LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

Requirements Visibility from steps, persons, objects and cars

• illuminance • Uniformity overall

DIN EN 13201

12464 part II

Ehaverage = 7.5 - 30 lux U0 = 0.40

5 – 20 lux 0.25

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Colour of the light and colourrendering

CDM/CP O

SON Ra 25

SOX Ra --

Ra 80 LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Rules of thumb for a car park lighting design Number of luminares

Spacing anlong

n=

En x A x 1.25 ηB x ΦL

n

number of luminares

A

area in m²

ηB

utilisationfactor for the installation

ΦL

Luminous flux from the luminare = height of the luminares x 3 ... 4 (along)

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Standarddimension on a car park

detail

4.5-5m

6-8m

2.5m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Asymmetrical floodlight

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Possible luminare arrangement with floodlights

height = 8-10m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: round and symmetrical optic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Possible luminare arrangement with lantern

height = 4-6m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Choice regarding the lightdistribution: Roadlighting optic

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Possible luminare arrangement with street lighting luminares

height = 6-8m

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Valuation of the number of luminares regarding the utilisation factor method Dimension of the car park

70m x 74m

Dimension of the store

53m x 31m

Kind of luminare

Koffer² 70

lamp/luminous flux

CPO-TW 60W/6800lm

utilisationfactor for installation

appr. 0.45 – 0.50

x 1.25 = 15lx x 3537m² x 1.25 = 22 luminares n = Enηx xA Φ 0.45 x 6800lm B L

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Results of the lighting design via computer

1xCPO-TW 60W Lph = 6m

Em = 15.2lx g1 = 0.27

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Decorative luminares for roadlighting

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Energiesaving but how?

Full/normal operation

Each 2.luminare are switched off

Reduced operation

LiDAC, Uwe Rabenstein, April 8, 2009, Basics for roadlighting

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Thank you very much for your attention.

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