Basic Hydraulic

Liquids Have No Shape Of Their Own.

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HYD. CLASSIFI CLASSIFICA CATION TION Fundamentals System Components Hydraulic Uses Exit

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HYD. CLASSIFI CLASSIFICA CATION TION Fundamentals System Components Hydraulic Uses Exit

Basic Hydraulic Fundamentals

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Purpose. Type Of Energy. Benefits . Hydraulics Principles. Hydraulics Terminology.

DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENT ION? !

Purpose 

Provide an understanding of basic hydraulic principles, components & functions

Kinds of Energy 

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Mechanical Electrical Chemical Fluid

Benefits of Fluid Power  

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Readily Transmitted Around Corners Efficient 

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Speed Cost

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Pascal’s Law

“ Pressure exerted on a confined liquid is transmitted

undiminished in all directions and acts with equal force on all equal areas.”

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Why We Use Fluid in Hydraulic:

Liquids have no shape of their own.

Liquids are practically incompressible.

Liquids transmit applied pressure in all directions.

Assignment

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Find ?

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HYD. PRINCIPLES HYD: STUDY OF FLUID IN MOTION. TRANSFER MECH.HP (ENGINE) TO HYD.HP(PUMPS) TO MECH HP AGAIN( ACTUATORS). HYD :LINEAR & ROTORY MOTIONS

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HYD. PRINCIPLES Mech.Power

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Hyd.Power

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Controls

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Mech.power

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Principles of Hydraulics 

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Compressibility of Fluids Pascal's Law

Orifice Effect 

Restriction in lines diminishes oil flow.

No Restriction

Orifice offers restriction

Hydraulics Terminology 

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Pressure - force acting on area (psi) Force - pressure times area (pounds) Flow - movement of a fluid (gpm). Area a measurement of surface space.  –

CONVERSION FACTORS 

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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Liter / Minute = 0.2641721 Gallon / Minute Gallon / Minute = 3,785412 Liter / Minute Bar = 14.50377 PSI PSI = 0.06894757 Bar Bar = 100 kPa (kilo pascal) kPa = 0.01 Bar PSI = 6.894757 kPa kPa = 0.1450377 PSI cm3 = 0.264 Inch 3 cm2 = 0.155 Inch 2 mm = 0.039 Inch

Hydraulic System Components

Topics Hydraulic System Components. Hydraulic System Components Functions.

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Hydraulic System Components 

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Oil Tank Pump Lines Valve Actuator Filter Cooler

Functions of oil 

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Cleans Cools Lubricates Supports Antifreeze. Transmit power.

Tank 

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Stores fluid Allows for fluid expansion Helps Cool Helps prevent cavitation

Hoses and Couplings 

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Connect system components Transport fluid

Hydraulic Hoses 

Hose Types 1. Inner tube 2. Reinforcement layer 3. Friction layer 4. Outer cover

1

XT-3

4 spiral –

Hi press.

2500-4000 psi

2

XT-5

4/6 spiral –

Hi

5000 psi

3

XT-6

6 spiral –

Hi

6000 psi

4

716

One-wire braid – Med/Lo

625-2750 psi

5

844

Hyd. Suction –

100-300 psi

6

556

One-wire braid – Med/Lo

500-3000 psi

7

1130

Eng/Air brake -

Med/Lo

250-1500 psi

8

1028

Thermoplastic – Med/Lo

1250-3000 psi

9

294

Two-wire braid – Med/Lo

2250-5000 psi

Med/Lo

Hydraulic Hoses  Types of Hose Coupling  1. Crimp On – permanent – not reusable  – all pressure applications

2. Screw Type – reusable  – Lo & Med pressure applications  – Field-assembled using hand tools 3. Collet Type – reusable  – Hi pressure applications  – Field-assembled using hand press Coupling ends : 1. Flange type  – two different thickness ends for some given size hoses, determined by maximum system pressure 2. Threaded connector type  – many different ends  – hose Ø

1.25 inch

Filters 

Clean system 

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Standard Fine

Fluid  Conditioners 

Filter Classifications:

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1. Surface 2. Depth-type

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33 1. Cartridge filter 2. Canister filter 1

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3. Screen

Oil Flow Through Filter

Filter Bypass Valve

Pumps and Motors 

Pumps 

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Convert mechanical energy to fluid energy

Motors 

Fluid energy to mechanical energy

1- GEAR PUMPS - CONSTANT FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors 

Gear Pumps

External Advantages : Simpler system Compact design Handle debris well Long life low cost

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Internal Disadvantages :

Where used :

Fixed displacement  Input speed must be increased to get more flow output  High horsepower draw

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Engine oil pumps  Transmission pumps  Low pressure hydraulic system

2- VANE PUMPS  – CONSTANT FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors  Vane Pump 1.housing 2. cartridge 3. mounting plate 4. mounting plate seal 5. cartridge seals 6. cartridge backup rings 7. snap rings 8. input shaft and bearing

Cartridge : 9. support plates 10. ring 11. flex plates 12. slotted rotor 13. vanes

3- PISTON PUMPS –VARIABLE FLOW

Hydraulic Pumps & Motors 

Piston Pump 

Fixed Displacement

1. head 2. housing 3. shaft 4. pistons 5. port plate 6. barrel 7. swash plate

Variable Displacement

Valves 

Control direction, flow and pressure 

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Directional Check Relief

Pressure Valves  Simple Pressure Relief Valve  Cracking Pressure

Relief Pressure Setting

Directional Control Valve  Valve Spool 

Open – Center Directional Control Valve

in HOLD

RAISED

Raise Position

Flow Control Valves  Check Valve 

With A Fixed Orifice

Variable Orifice

HYD Control VALVES

Directional

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Pressure

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Flow

Cylinders 

Converts hydraulic energy to mechanical force 

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Positioning Actuating Specialty

1- Single Acting Cylinder :

2- Double Acting Cylinder :

Hydraulic Cylinders 

Single Acting Cylinder

Double Acting Cylinder

Vertical Lift Gravity Return Operation

Hydraulic Cylinders  Seals

OIL COOLING Cooler

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SIMPLE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT •

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1- Tank. 2- Screen filter. 3- Pump

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4. Relief valve. 5- Control valves. 6- Cylinder.

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7-Oil cooler. 8- Lines. 9- Oil (fluid).

Ways Uses Hydraulics 

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Implement control Steering Brakes

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Thanks for your attention

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