BAS PPL Training Manual Original.doc
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1.a. The aim of the course The aim of the course is to enable the student to acquire the theoretical knowledge and the practical skills required to operate a specific airplane* safely and efficiently according to the EASA Part-OA and Part-!"# regulations with regard to PP#$A%& !or the purpose of this T' it is assumed the basic trainer aircraft for PP#$A% is a Single Pilot Aircraft(Single Engine Piston #and&
*
)n order to achiee this goal+ the ATO will proide a theoretical training course and a practical flight training& The details of the theoretical training hae been documented in chap chapte terr , of this this T'& T'& The The deta detail ils s of the the prac practi tica call flig flight ht train trainin ing g hae hae been been documented in chapter of this T'& The syllabus of the theoretical training for PP#$A% complies with the principles as described in A'". !"#&./& The details of this syllabus can be found under the T'(Training Plan(.d& The use of the syllabus for the theoretical training is described in chapter ,+ paragraph ,&c& The syllabus of the practical training for PP#$A% complies with the principles as described in A'". !"#&./A& The details of this syllabus can be found under the T'(Training Plan(.d& )ts practical use during flight training is described in chapter + paragraph &d& The theoretical and practical training will be gien by qualified !)s and approed T0)s under the superision of the 1T& At the end of the theoretical training course+ the student will hae acquired the required knowledge for attempting the PP#$A% theoretical e2amination& At the end of the practical flight training+ the student will be ready for the practical PP#$ PP#$A% A% skil skilll test test&& Anot Anothe herr cond conditi ition on is that that the the stud studen entt has has succ succee eede ded d in the the theoretical e2amination before being allowed to attempt the skill test& The 1T will will ensure ensure both both the combin combined ed theore theoretic tical al knowle knowledge dge progress progress and the practical skill progress of the student& Summarized information on the PPL(A) license 3hile the PP#$A% training is described in detail in this T'+ it is also important to properly inform a student pilot on the general requirements for all licenses contained in Part-!"#+ subpart A& Please find a summary of the rules a student pilot should be aware of at the start of his training4
!"#&//. "ompetent authority4 )t is important for a $student% pilot to know that the national aiation authorities+ the 5"AA in 5elgium+ will need to be contacted for all transactions related to licenses& l icenses&
!"#&/.64 Eery license is alid for one aircraft category& This manual will proide procedures for PP#$A% training+ where A stands for the aircraft category 7airplane8&
!"#&// Student pilot4 9uring the entire training course the student will be flying either with a !) on board or under the superision of a !)& The student shall be at least .: years old before his(her first solo flight&
!"#&/6 and !"#&//4 According to these rules+ only an ATO has the authority to sign a student off for the theoretical e2am or the skill test& This also implies that all pilot training shall be conducted in an ATO& !or the issue of a priate pilot licence+ the successful completion of the theoretical knowledge will be alid for a period of , months&
!"#&/;64 The ATO ATO can gie credits for preious flying e2perience& See paragraph .&c& of this manual&
!"#&/,/4 The priileges of a license shall only be granted if the pilot meets all alidity requirements for both his license and ratings+ and if he(she is the holder of a alid medical certificate&
!"#&/,64 This rule stipulates that a pilot should at all times hae the follow following ing docume documents nts on board4 board4 his licens license e $e2ce $e2cept pt for studen students% ts%++ his medical certificate and an identification document with a picture& A student shall hae his pilot logbook on board+ a pilot should be able to present it without undue delay&
!"#&/6/4 This rule describes the requirement for a pilot logbook& The ATO ATO recommends students to buy any EASA compliant compliant logbook&
!"#&/664 #anguage proficiency is required for pilots+ the ATO ATO will subcontract the English #anguage Proficiency test&
!"#&/:/ ecent e2perience4 !or the carriage of passengers+ the (/.. Subpart " !"# ./&A 1&d. Trainin( syllabi 5oth a flight training syllabus and a theoretical knowledge training syllabus are part of the course& The integration of these syllabi into the theoretical and practical training is described in detail in chapters and ,& The syllabi used by the ATO4 .( !light training syllabus4 -
The Air Pilots 'anual+ olume . F !lying Training& Author4 Treor Thom& Editor4 Air Pilot Publishing&
( Theoretical knowledge training syllabus4 -
anuel du Pilote Priv * Praration + la Licence de Pilote Priv dAvion by B& "laude+ including the following 6 olumes4 -ascicule # * Arod!nami.ue * Techni.ue * /xloitation
-ascicule 0 * torolo"ie -ascicule 1 * 2avi"ation -ascicule 3 * 4"lementation Arienne * Procdures Orrationnelles * 5ommunications 4adiotlhoni.ues -ascicule 6 * Performances et Limites 7umaines 1&e. Time scale and scale in $ee)s* for each syllabus theoretical and practical! A time scale in terms of theory course hours has been defined for each sub@ect& )t can be found in chapter ,+ paragraph ,&a&& The theory course schedule has been included in appendi2 to chapter ,& )t will be updated eery ne2t training cycle& A time scale for practical training is ariable since it depends on weather conditions and the aailability of an aircraft and instructors& As a guidance alue to new candidates+ an estimated years duration will be gien& According to4 T'(chapter and ATO&A'". !"#&./&A& 1&f. Trainin( pro(ram #ink between theoretical and flight training Typical to PP# training is the dierse group of students following the training course& Organising a fully integrated theoretical and practical training is not practical due to the following influencing factors4
Students differ strongly in terms of prior knowledge and speed of acquiring knowledge& There will also be significant differences in the speed of acquiring practical skills during flight training& One student will require the minimum of ,6 hours+ another may require / or ;/ e2tra hours& 5ased on their professional and priate life+ their aailability can either be during weekends and in the eening only+ or also on weekdays& )n a recreational flying enironment+ all persons inoled are doing their hobby& The aailability of instructors+ airfield directors+ aircraft and students must match&
The 1T will+ when a new candidate presents himself for a PP#$A% course+ adise the candidate when best to start flight training+ relatie to theoretical training& This adice will be based on questions on the topics described aboe& The goal is to aoid that a student would e2ceed the , months alidity of the theoretical e2am or that he(she would lack theoretical knowledge to safely e2ecute solo naigation flights& Two precautions should preent this4
!) and 1T will regularly question the student on theory issues during flight training to detect lack of theoretical knowledge at the end of a phase of
flight training& #ack of knowledge will lead to delaying the start of flight e2ercises requiring this knowledge&
5efore solo naigation can be authorised+ the student will need to hae obtained the =6D minimum score on a trial e2am on the sub@ects of naigation and air law&
Although not related to flight safety+ an e2pensie situation that must be aoided is that a student has completed flight training but is far from the knowledge standard required for the theoretical e2am& 1e(she will need to continue flight training to remain proficient+ at significant e2tra cost& The following e2amples will gie guidance to the 1T how to plan the start of flight training for a candidate4
E2ample .4 A .< year old candidate PP# student is a uniersity student and confirms he(she is ery motiated to absorb the theoretical knowledge& This person wants to pass the theoretical e2am shortly after the end of the courses& Aailability for flight training is on Saturdays only& The 1T should recognise the danger that this student will hae a long flight training and could come into conflict with the , months alidity& 1e(she will adise to start flight training as early as possible&
E2ample 4 A : year old person+ with limited prior knowledge+ would like to follow the PP#$A% course& 1aing recently retired+ the person is aailable for flight training on any day of the week& The main concern of the 1T in this case will be that the student would quickly build up flying hours while being slow to build up theoretical knowledge& The best adice would now be to start theoretical training+ but to delay the start of flight training by at least : months& !ollowing up the progress of the student during theoretical training will possibly lead to further delaying the start of flight training&
E2ample ;4 A holder of a SP# qualifies to receie ./ hours credit for PP#$A% training& Aailability to fly is on Saturdays or Sundays& A pilot with flying e2perience in another category of aircraft will easily acquire skills during flight training& The e2tra theoretical training required is now the main concern& A careful adice in this case could be to initially plan one training flight per week+ with the possibility of increasing this if progress during theoretical training is sufficient&
Training plans for theoretical and flight training 9etails of the theoretical training plans can be found in chapter ,+ paragraph ,&b& and in the theory course schedule in paragraph ,&g&+ appendi2 & The !) should remind the student about the personal requirements before first solo+ as stated in paragraph .b&
At the moment of first solo flight+ the !) shall check that these requirements hae been fulfilled& The !) should also ensure the ability of the applicant to use (T communication before the first solo flight& )f the student has also succeeded in the PP#$A% theoretical e2amination+ the !) and the 1T+ will assess whether he(she is ready for the practical PP#$A% skill test or not& The years alidity of the theoretical e2amination has to be taken into account& The student should meet the phase 6 completion standards as specified in chapter + paragraph &e& Although haing passed the E#P is a licensing requirement+ the 5"AA requires a student to hae passed the E#P before taking the skill test& E2aminers hae been instructed to check that this requirement has been fulfilled+ before starting the skill test& 5ad weather constraints A training flight will only be conducted if the weather conditions meet the G! minima as stated in the A)P& o training flights will be operated in case of significant weather that could be a flight safety haHard& )n controlled airspaces+ the weather conditions must at least meet the Special G! $SG!% minima& All operations will be done within the operating limits of the training aircraft as specified in the PilotIs Operating 1andbook $PO1%& Eery student will be required to hae his(her own copy of the PO1 of the training aircraft& Program constraints The only limitation is that duty and rest times shall be respected& They hae been defined in the O' part A+ paragraph A&., to A&.=& estrictions of duty periods for students and instructors Please refer to the O' part A+ paragraph A&., and A&.6& 'inimum rest period between duty periods Please refer to the O' part A+ paragraph A&., and A&.6& 'a2imum number of flights or flying hours in one day o !) will hesitate to declare himself(herself or the student 7not fit to fly8 in case of fatigue or any $medical% condition that may impact his or her ability to fly& 9uration of dual and solo flights at arious stages As a general guideline to !)s+ the aerage duration of training flights during all phases should be ,6 to :/ minutes $airborne time%& 1oweer+ occasionally and at the discretion of the !)+ longer flights may be included in the PP# training& 1&(. Trainin( records 5russels Aiation School will make sure it keeps track of the student records $i&e&+ theory class attendance+ self-study statistics+ mandatory documents+ 5"AA forms and flight debriefing sheets%&
5russels Aiation School has deeloped an online e-#earning platform which allows it to store all the student records in an electronic ersion and keep a precise track of the student progress& Thanks to this e-#earning platform+ the student can access his(her training file $called the 7student rofile8% at any time and follow his(her personal progression closely& Also+ flight instructors can access any student profile on the platform and know precisely what has been done and what remains to do for each student& As a general guideline+ the 1T will make sure the student profile is updated on due time and a copy of any standard ATO form+ 5"AA form as well as a copy of the )9+ medical certificate+ E#P+ theoretical e2am and skill test result is inserted into the student profile& The 1T will also ensure all the flight debriefing sheets hae been completed by the !) on the student profile& These sheets should reflect the progress the student has made during his(her flight training& egistration of a student in the ATO 3hen a new student enters the ATO+ the following actions will be taken immediately4 .% The Student Enrolment !orm $see appendi2 . to this chapter% will be completed and signed by the new student& )t includes the student personal details and the type training for which the student enrols $full or partial PP#$A% training%& )n the case of an enrolment for a partial training programme+ action ;% hereunder will be taken& % The Student Pre-Entry )nformation page $see appendi2 to this chapter% will be signed by the student& )t contains the full description of the pre-entry requirements as well as a series of statements that the student should be aware of before starting any training in the ATO& ;% )f applicable+ the Partial PP#$A% Training Plan !orm $see appendi2 ; to this chapter% will be completed on the basis of the training already performed in another ATO& 5oth the student and the 1T will sign this document& A copy of the training certificate obtained from another ATO will be required from the new student by the 1T $this copy will be uploaded onto the student online profile+ under the 79ocuments8 tab+ see action ,% hereunder%& ,% A new account will be created on the ATO e-#earning Platform $see appendi2 , to this chapter% as well as on the ATO Pilot e-#ounge& Once created+ the student will receie a briefing on the content and purpose of the ATO e#earning Platform& The student shall further complete his(her profile him(herself and upload any mandatory documents such as the medical certificate under the 79ocuments8 tab of his online profile $see appendi2 6 to this chapter%& The student will be informed that he shall keep his(her online profile up-to-date& 9ocuments filled in the student records during the progress of training !or all students of the ATO who are at any stage of the theoretical course+ a presence list will be kept to be signed by the students after each theoretical lesson they attended& Although this document is not included in the studentIs records+ it is essential to document which student attended which theoretical training courses& )t will be kept centrally and will be used to update the student class attendance
statistics on the e-#earning platform $appendi2 : to this chapter% at the end of each classroom session& The paragraph 7standardisation of entries in training records8 below+ lists the documents which should F as a minimum F be inserted into the students records& StandardiHation of entries in training records All !)s and the 1T will use the same standard documents+ added in appendi2 to chapters and ,+ for4
9ebriefing a student $"hapter + Appendi2 ; F Standard debriefing sheet%
Signing off a student for a theoretical e2am $"hapter ,+ Appendi2 ; Theoretical e2amination approal form%
Signing off a student for the skill test $"hapter + Appendi2 . F 5"AA forms%
Signing off a student for solo local or naigation flight $"hapter + Appendi2 . F 5"AA forms%
Approing the flight planning and preparation for a solo naigation flight $"hapter + Appendi2 . F 5"AA forms%
9ocumenting the progress of a student4 which flight training e2ercises hae been started or completed $"hapter + Appendi2 - Student progress page%&
'arking the first solo flight as a milestone in flight training $"hapter + Appendi2 :%& )t is legally allowed+ and considered a best practice by the ATO+ to complete this "ertificate and note the approal in the pilot logbook+ after the first solo flight&
ules concerning log book entries Please refer to O'+ Part A+ paragraph A&.>& ules for security of records and documents Please refer to O'+ Part A+ paragraph A&..& The nature and frequency of record checks 9uring his(her follow-up of the progress of the students+ the 1T will be igilant for any inaccurate+ incomplete or missing documentation& )n case of findings he(she will discuss them with the studentIs !)& 1&h. #afety trainin( One of the main aims of the ATO is to insure the safety of aiation actiities as far as possible& This goal includes the introduction and the correct application of a S'S& Safety training is described in the O''+ Part + paragraph &.,& Emergency drills
Emergency drills are integrated in the flight training in the form of e2ercises .b+ 6b+ and .(.;e& Please refer to chapter + paragraph &a& of this manual for further details& Essential e2ercises The essential skills a student must deelop before completing one of the training phases are described in chapter + paragraph &e& on student progress& Assessment of student proficiency Student proficiency is regularly assessed during the flight training& The content of this continuous assessment process is described in chapter + paragraph &g& equirements for solo flight and solo naigation flight !or any solo flight+ a student should4
5e holder of a medical certificate of at least class
1ae the approal of his(her !) either in the pilot logbook or by holding a signed copy of the 5"AA solo approal form& This approal is not required for a first solo flight&
)n addition+ for a solo naigation flight+ a student should4
1ae the approal of his(her !) by holding a signed copy of the solo cross country authorisation form in chapter + appendi2 .&
1ae the flight planning and preparation signed off by his(her !) ia the solo cross country briefing certificate+ also found in appendi2 . to chapter &
1.i. Tests and examinations 1.i.1 Theoretical )no$led(e At the end of a theoretical course cycle+ the student will be informed that he(she should contact the 1T after haing rehearsed their syllabi& A full ./ questions trial e2amination will ealuate whether the minimum knowledge leel has been achieed to be signed off for the PP#$A% theoretical e2am& As for the e2am organised by the 5"AA+ the minimum score for the trial e2am has been set to =6D for each sub@ect& The trial e2am can be repeated as often as required+ and according to the marks obtained+ the 1T may propose the student additional training or rehearsal for specific or all sub@ects& The official PP#$A% theoretical e2am is organised by the 5"AA+ not by the ATO& The procedure for signing a student off for the 5"AA theoretical e2am is to use the standard 5"AA form referred to in appendi2 ; to chapter ,& The 1T makes sure a copy is inserted into the student records to document his progress& All sub@ects and sittings of the theoretical e2am shall be taken with the same 5"AA&
1.i.". Practical examination or s)ill test Only the 1T has the authority to sign a student off for the skill test& The conditions for being signed off are4
The student has passed the PP#$A% theoretical e2am&
The student meets the phase 6 completion standards $chapter + paragraph &e&% and has completed the final summary flight to the !) satisfaction $paragraph &e&%&
The student has passed the E#P&
Since a PP# license cannot be issued before the applicant is at least .= years old+ the student should hae reached the age of .=&
The skill test will be performed by a 5"AA approed flight e2aminer+ using the standard 5"AA form 7Skill test and proficiency check report form8 also mentioned in appendi2 . to chapter & 1.+. Trainin( effectiveness Since achieing training effectieness is essential to any flight school+ the 1T encourages an open debate between all ATO !)s+ T0)s and students& This should inole other users of the airfield+ the ATO 5oard of 9irectors+ the airfield director+ the Air Traffic "ontrollers or other stakeholders& The purpose is to identify any deficiencies in the training effectieness& These deficiencies will then be discussed by the 1T with all !)s and T0)s and will be remedied as much as possible& 9isciplinary action The policy with regard to taking disciplinary action against students is described in the O' Part A+ paragraph A&,& Procedure if a student 7silently8 interrupts training A specific situation the 1T may be confronted with is a student who abruptly stops showing up for training without any communication& This can be for professional+ personal or een medical reasons& )n this specific situation+ the 1T+ either personally or ia the team of !)(T0)+ will try to contact the student& )f oer a period of : months or more all attempts are unsuccessful+ he(she will insert a memo into the student records stating that the training is considered to be interrupted until further notice& ?pon return of the student+ a new memo will be written allowing the student to continue training at the ATO& )f the length of the interruption was longer than : months+ the 1T will require a check flight with a !) to assess the leel of competency of the student before flight training can be restarted& )f theoretical courses hae been missed+ the 1T will proceed as described in paragraph ,&d& under 73hat will the ATO do if a student needs to interrupt training,.
1.). #tandards and level of performances at various sta(es The standard leels that need to be achieed during training hae been detailed in this T'+ chapter + paragraph e and chapter ,+ paragraph e& 5efore being signed off to register for the PP#$A% theoretical e2amination+ the student will pass a trial e2am as specified in paragraph .&i&.& 9uring the practical flight training+ a continuous student proficiency assessment enables to check whether the student is able to start with a ne2t set of e2ercises& This continuous process is described in chapter + paragraph &g& 'oreoer+ the practical training has been diided into 6 phases and each phase has its completion standards& These are defined in paragraph &e& Standardisation of training procedures and !)(T0) standardisation training Essential in an ATO is standardisation of procedures& This will ensure a student can change instructors without being confused by different methods of instruction& Standardisation of training procedures has been achieed by the following means4
'aking ma2imum use of standardiHed forms&
!)s follow the standard flight training procedures as described in chapter &
T0)s follow the standard theoretical training procedures as described in chapter ,&
All training operations will be conducted in accordance with the O' and the O''&
!) standardisation training will be organiHed& Eery new !) or T0) entering the ATO will receie a full briefing on the training procedures described in this T'& The need to carefully follow them will be accentuated by the 1T&
Please refer to the O'+ Part 9+ paragraph 9&,& for full detail of the ATO standardisation training for !)& Standards of competence Standards of competence for the completion of the training phases+ and to be signed off for the PP#$A% theoretical e2amination or skill test+ hae been set in chapters and ,& )ndiidual responsibilities during training
The 1T will select !)s and T0)s and follow up the correct progress of training actiities& 1is(her main tools to do this are direct contact with students+ !)s and T0)s and checking of students records for completeness and accuracy& )t is his(her responsibility to interene at any time+ when procedures laid down in this manual are not applied correctly& 1e(she will also follow up student training progress and only the 1T can sign a student off for the theoretical e2am or skill test& o changes to any training program or to this manual can be made without his(her agreement&
A !) will strictly follow the procedures in this manual+ whereby most of his(her actiities will focus on the air e2ercises in chapter & 1e(she will contact the 1T without delay if any irregularity occurs during flight training& The !) will brief and debrief students+ including long briefings& 1e(she will file all documents with regard to eeryday flying actiities in the student records& 1e(she will also assess the student proficiency in each phase of the training and adise the 1T when a student is ready for the skill test or shows no progress at all despite efforts&
A T0) will strictly follow the procedures in this manual+ whereby most of his(her actiities will focus on the theoretical training in chapter ,& 1e(she will make sure courses are well prepared and documented+ in agreement with the content in paragraph ,&b& 1e(she will make sure the presence list is signed by all students attending courses& )f the T0) @udges a student is ready to take the trial e2am $paragraph .&i&.&% he(she will adise the 1T&
Students will behae in a responsible way+ respecting the material and staff of the ATO& They will follow the instructions receied from !)+ T0)+ 1T or other ATO staff& Although PP# students are en@oying their hobby+ they should at the same time realise that good airmanship and a responsible attitude are basic skills of eery pilot&
)ndiidual responsibilities with regard to student progress )t is essential to successful completion of PP#$A% training that all staff inoled in training are igilant to lack of progress with students& The responsibilities hae been defined as follows4
The general attitude by all staff will be4 slow progress is acceptable for PP# as long as the required standards for a proficient pilot are eentually met&
3hen a T0) detects slow progress+ his(her responsibility is to take the steps described in paragraph ,&d& )f the lack of progress cannot be remedied by the steps specified in this paragraph+ he(she will discuss further initiaties with the 1T&
3hen a !) detects slow progress+ he(she will allow e2tra training flights for the air e2ercises concerned& Only when this does not proide a solution+ interention by the 1T will be requested&
The 1T will+ if he(she needs to interene+ make an appointment with the student and discuss the issues in detail& 1e(she will write a memo clarifying to the student the standards that should eentually be met to successfully complete the present phase of training& )t will state that the student will not be allowed to progress to ne2t phases of training before he(she meets those standards& 1oweer+ gien the recreational character of PP# flying a constructie proposal will be included on how the 1T would like the student to proceed& 5oth parties will sign the document which will be placed in the students records&
1.l. Appendices
Please find in appendi2 to this chapter4
Appendi2 . F Student Enrolment !orm
Appendi2 F Student Pre-Entry )nformation page
Appendi2 ; F Student Partial PP# Training Plan !orm
Appendi2 , F Student online Profile page
Appendi2 6 F Student online 9ocuments page
Appendi2 : F Student online Theory Statistics page Aendix # * Student /nrolment -orm
Aendix 0 * Student Pre8/ntr! 9nformation a"e
Aendix 1 * Student Partial PPL Trainin" Plan -orm
russels Aviation #chool
evision number /
"0 #eptember "/10
Part A T% PPLA!
T.A2323& PLA3
Aendix 3 * Student online Profile a"e
Chapter 1 Pa(e "4
russels Aviation #chool
evision number /
"0 #eptember "/10
Part A T% PPLA!
T.A2323& PLA3
Aendix 6 * Student online :ocuments a"e
Chapter 1 Pa(e "5
russels Aviation #chool
evision number /
"0 #eptember "/10
Part A T% PPLA!
T.A2323& PLA3
Aendix ; * Student online Theor! Statistics a"e
Chapter 1 Pa(e "6
russels Aviation #chool
evision number /
"0 #eptember "/10
Trainin( %anual PPLA! Chapter " 27823&# A39 A2 7:7C2#7# A.AT.1"0 ; 8CL"1/.A ".a. Air exercises
The details regarding phases . to 6 of the PP#$A% flight training course can be found in paragraph &c& of this chapter& !or each e2ercise+ the following information is gien4
eference is made to the releant chapter in the syllabus& The suggested preflight briefing for each e2ercise can be found in the related chapter& )t is common practice that students read the chapter in the syllabus before each training flight&
The list of topics to be included in each e2ercise has been e2tracted from the A'". !"#&./&A PP#$A%& )f the e2ercise includes a long briefing+ the details of this briefing hae been mentioned&
".a.1. Phase 1
E2ercise .a4 !amiliarisation with the aeroplane See chapter . of the syllabus 7Aircraft !amiliarisation8& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% introduction to the aeroplaneC $% e2planation of the cockpit layoutC $;% aeroplane and engine systemsC $,% checklists+ drills and controlsC $6% propeller safetyC $i% precautions generalC $ii% precautions before and during hand turningC $iii% hand swinging technique for starting $if applicable to type%& $:% differences when occupying the instructorIs seatC $=% emergency drills4
$i% action if fire in the air and on the ground4 engine+ cock or cabin and electrical fireC $ii% system failure as applicable to typeC $iii% escape drills4 location and use of emergency equipment and e2its& According to the A'"+ this e2ercise includes4 $A% characteristics of the aeroplaneC $5% cockpit layoutC $"% systemsC $9% checklists+ drills and controls& E2ercise .b4 Emergency drills See chapter . paragraph e of the syllabus 7Emergency drills8& According to the A'"+ this e2ercise includes4 $A% action if fire on the ground and in the airC $5% engine cabin and electrical system fireC $"% systems failureC $9% escape drills+ location and use of emergency equipment and e2its& E2ercise 4 Preparation for and action after flight See chapter + paragraphs a to c of the syllabus+ 7Preparation for flight8+ 7Starting and stopping the engine8 and 7Post-flight actions8& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% flight authorisation and aeroplane acceptance+ including technical log $if applicable% and certificate of maintenanceC $% equipment required for flight $maps+ etc&%C $;% e2ternal checksC $,% internal checksC $6% student comfort+ harness+ seat or rudder pedal ad@ustmentC $:% starting and warming up checksC $=% power checksC $>% running down+ system checks and switching off the engineC $% freedom of udder moementC $% drag and power curesC $4 9escending See chapter > paragraphs >a to >d of the syllabus KThe BlideK+ 7The powered descent8+ 7?se of flap in the descent8+ 7The sideslip8& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% the forcesC $% glide descent4 angle+ air speed and rate of descentC $;% effect of flapsC $,% effect of windC $6% effect of massC $:% engine considerationsC $=% power assisted descent4 power or air speed and rate of descentC $>% cruise descentC $% effect of ground surface and gradient upon the landing runC $a4 aigation See chapter .> paragraph .>a of the syllabus KPilot naigationK& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% flight planningC $i% weather forecast and actual$s%C $ii% map selection+ orientation+ preparation and use4 $A% choice of routeC $5% regulated or controlled airspaceC $"% danger+ prohibited and restricted areasC $9% safety altitude& $iii% calculations4 $A% magnetic heading$s% and time$s% en-routeC $5% fuel consumptionC $"% mass and balanceC $9% mass and performance&
$i% flight information4 $A% OTA's etc&C $5% noting of required radio frequenciesC $"% selection of alternate aerodrome$s%& $% aeroplane documentation& $i% notification of the flight4 $A% pre-flight administration proceduresC $5% flight plan form $where appropriate%& $% departureC $i% organisation of cockpit workloadC $ii% departure procedures4 $A% altimeter settingsC $5% setting heading proceduresC $"% noting of ETA$s%& $iii% en-route map reading4 identification of ground featuresC $i% maintenance of altitudes and headingsC $% reisions to ETA and heading+ wind effect+ drift angle and groundspeed checksC $i% log keepingC $ii% use of radio $including G9! if applicable%C $iii% minimum weather conditions for continuance of flightC $i2% Nin-flightI decisionsC $2% diersion proceduresC $2i% operations in regulated or controlled airspaceC $2ii% procedures for entry+ transit and departureC $2iii% naigation at minimum leelC $2i% uncertainty of position procedure+ including (T procedureC $2% lost procedureC $2i% use of radio naaids& $;% arrial procedures and aerodrome circuit @oining procedures4 $i% AT" liaison+ (T procedure+ etc&C $ii% altimeter setting+ $iii% entering the traffic pattern $controlled or uncontrolled aerodromes%C $i% circuit proceduresC $% parking proceduresC $i% security of aircraftC $ii% refuellingC $iii% booking in& According to the A'"+ this e2ercise includes4 $A% flight planning4 $a% weather forecast and actualsC $b% map selection and preparation4 $.% choice of routeC $% controlled airspaceC
$;% danger+ prohibited and restricted areasC $,% safety altitudes& $c% calculations4 $.% magnetic heading$s% and time$s% en-routeC $% fuel consumptionC $;% mass and balanceC $,% mass and performance& $d% flight information4 $.% OTA's etc&C $% radio frequenciesC $;% selection of alternate aerodromes& $e% aeroplane documentationC $f% notification of the flight4 $.% pre-flight administratie proceduresC $% flight plan form& $5% departure4 $a% organisation of cockpit workloadC $b% departure procedures4 $.% altimeter settingsC $% AT" liaison in controlled or regulated airspaceC $;% setting heading procedureC $,% noting of ETAs& $c% maintenance of altitude and headingC $d% reisions of ETA and headingC $e% log keepingC $f% use of radioC $g% use of naaidsC $h% minimum weather conditions for continuation of flightC $i% in-flight decisionsC $@% transiting controlled or regulated airspaceC $k% diersion proceduresC $l% uncertainty of position procedureC $m% lost procedure& $"% arrial and aerodrome @oining procedure4 $a% AT" liaison in controlled or regulated airspaceC $b% altimeter settingC $c% entering the traffic patternC $d% circuit proceduresC $e% parkingC $f% security of aeroplaneC $g% refuellingC $h% closing of flight plan+ if appropriateC $i% post-flight administratie procedures& E2ercise .>b4 aigation problems at lower leels and in reduced isibility
See chapter .> paragraph .>b of the syllabus Kaigation at lower leels and in reduced isibilityK& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% general considerations4 $i% planning requirements before flight in entry or e2it lanesC $ii% AT" rules+ pilot qualifications and aircraft equipmentC $iii% entry or e2it lanes and areas where specific local rules apply& $% low leel familiarisation4 $i% actions before descendingC $ii% isual impressions and height keeping at low altitudeC $iii% effects of speed and inertia during turnsC $i% effects of wind and turbulenceC $;% low leel operation4 $i% weather considerationsC $ii% low cloud and good isibilityC $iii% low cloud and poor isibilityC $i% aoidance of moderate to heay rain showersC $% effects of precipitationC $i% @oining a circuitC $ii% bad weather circuit+ approach and landing& According to the A'"+ this e2ercise includes4 $A% actions before descendingC $5% haHards $for e2ample obstacles and terrain%C $"% difficulties of map readingC $9% effects of wind and turbulenceC $E% ertical situational awareness $aoidance of controlled flight into terrain%C $!% aoidance of noise sensitie areasC $B% @oining the circuitC $1% bad weather circuit and landing& E2ercise .:4 !orced landing without power See chapter .: of the syllabus KThe forced landing without powerK& This e2ercise will be preceded by a long briefing to make the student aware of4 $.% selection of forced landing areasC $% proision for change of planC $;% gliding distance4 considerationC $,% planning the descentC $6% key positionsC $:% engine failure checksC $=% use of radio4 (T NdistressI procedureC
$>% base legC $a4 aigation E2ercise .>b4 aigation problems at lower leels and in reduced isibility4 E2ercise .>c4 adio naigation E2ercise .a 7naigation8+ includes e2ercise .>b as applicable and e2ercise .: 7forced landing without power8& )n the beginning of phase ;+ and depending on the weather conditions+ the flights will be a mi2 of solo circuit training and dual instruction& The aim of phase ; is to bring the student to the proficiency leel required to perform the first solo cross-country naigation flights& 9uring this third phase of the flight training+ three e2tra ground briefings will be gien by the !)+ coering4
Preparation of a cross-country flight $5riefing n;% !light preparation and performance $5riefing n,%
E2tensie weather analysis+ flight plan submission+ OTA's and naigational warnings $5riefing n6%
Phase , includes e2ercise .>c 7radio naigation8 and e2ercise .< 7basic instrument flight8& 5y the end of phase ,+ the student should be ready to perform a solo naigation flight of .6/ ' minimum with two landings away from the airfield of departure in safe conditions&
Phase 6 starts with e2ercise .6 7adanced turning8+ includes some more training on e2ercise .:+ e2ercise .= and the remaining hour of e2ercise .. 7spin aoidance8& Phase 6 will be completed by a summary flight with a !) who has neer flown with the student during the training after the entire PP# flight training has been completed& )ts aim is to ealuate if the student possesses the proficiency required for the PP#$A% skill test& )f the flight is completed to the !) satisfaction and the student has also successfully passed the PP# theoretical e2am+ as well as the E#P+ permission will be granted to take the PP#$A% skill test& Please refer to chapter .+ paragraph .&i+ for guidance on how to sign a student off for the skill test&
".d. Course structure - 2nte(ration of syllabi
As a guide to the e2act content of the flight training e2ercises+ the ATO uses the following $series of% syllabi4
The Air PilotIs 'anual part . F !lying Training& eference to the applicable chapters and paragraphs in the syllabus+ per air e2ercise is made in paragraph &a& A cross reference list between the air e2ercises and the syllabus can be found in appendi2 6&
The contents of the air e2ercises as specified in A'". !"#&./&A hae been copied into the description of each e2ercise in paragraph &a&
Similarly+ the contents of the long briefings per e2ercise as specified in A'". !"#&a4 aigation .>b4 a*igation problems at lower le*els and in reduced *isibility .>c4 adio naigation .Please enclose a co! of the /LP test result$
#i(nature Head of Trainin(
Aendix 6 * 5ross reference list< Air /xercises with S!llabus
Aendix ; * -irst Solo 5ertificate
Trainin( %anual PPLA! Chapter < TH77T2CAL =3>L79&7 23#T?CT23
A.AT.1"0 ; 8CL"1/.A
1 $.% )nternational law4 conentions+ agreements and organisations& $% Anne2 >4 Airworthiness of aircraft& $;% Anne2 =4 Aircraft nationality and registration marks& A2 LA> " $,% Anne2 .4 Personnel licensing& $6% Anne2 4 ules of the air& A2 LA> ' $:% Procedures for air naigation4 aircraft operations doc& >.:>-ops(:..+ olume . $=% Altimeter setting procedures $including )A"O doc& =/;/ F regional supplementary procedures%& $>% Secondary sureillance radar transponder operating procedures $including )"AO 9oc& =/;/ F regional supplementary procedures%& $ < $./% Anne2 .64 Aeronautical information serice& $..% Anne2 .,+ olume . and 4 Aerodromes& $.% Anne2 .4 Search and rescue& A2 LA> 0 $.;% Anne2 .=4 Security& $.,% Anne2 .;4 Aircraft accident inestigation& $.6% ational law&
% 9ecision making& $% 'oments due to propeller operation& $% Beneration4 production+ distribution and use& $.L79&7 23#T?CT23
Chapter < Pa(e @"
Aendix 1 8 Theoretical examination aroval form
To sign a student off for the 5"AA organised theoretical e2am+ please use the standard 7Application form for theoretical e2aminations 7 published on the 5"AA website at the following location4 htp://www.mobili.belgium.be/fr/ranspor_aerien/formulaires/
Aendix 3 8 List of teachin" materials
9uring the theoretical training course for the PP#$A% and the #AP#$A% the following written+ audioisual and self-study teaching materials are in use4 >ritten material
The te2tbooks used are the anuel du Pilote Priv * Praration + la Licence de Pilote Priv Avion by B& "laude $6 olumes% as described in paragraph .&d of this T'& uiHHes e2ist at the end of each chapter in these te2tbooks&
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