Backwater Curves & Hydraulic Jump by Chamara
Short Description
Hydraulic Jump CourseWork 2...
Description
BACKWATER CURVES AND HYDRAULIC JUMP
INSTRUCTED INSTRUC TED BY : Miss A. G. JAY JAYASHINHA
NAME COURSE GROUP DATE DATE OF PRE DATE DATE OF SUB
: CHAMARA B.A.V. : B.Sc. ENGINEERING : A-3 : 13/ 10 / 00! : 03 / 11 / 00!
EXPERIMENT: B"c#$"%&' c(')&s "*+ H,+'"(ic J( OBECTIVE: • • •
T )&'i, %2& %,& $"%&' s('"c& 'i&s. T +'"$ %2& "c%(" $"%&' s('"c& 'i& "*+ c"'& i% $i%2 %2& %2&'&%ic" 'i&. T c"'& %2&'&%ic" "*+ &&'i&*%" )"(&s c*4(5"%& +&%2s " 2,+'"(ic 4(.
APPARATUS:
S& c*%"i*&+ 5"ss si+&+ %i%i*5 (& $i%2 " s2"' c'&s%&+ $&i'6 "+4(s%"7& s(ic& "*+ %"i 5"%&. THEORY:
1. Backwater curves A 7"c#$"%&' c(')& is " c(')& $2ic2 2"s " +&%2 5'&"%&' %2"* 7%2 *'" "*+ c'i%ic" +&%2s "*+ is 7&i*5 '&%"'+&+6 &i%2&' 7, " +$*s%'&" 7s%'(c%i* ' "%&' " 2,+'"(ic 4(. T2& M 'i& '&'&s&*%s %2& s% $& #*$* 7"c#$"%&' c(')&8 i% is s% i'%"*% " $ 'i& ' %2& '"c%ic" i*% )i&$. T2is 'i& cc('s $2&* +$*s%'&" &*+ " *5 i+ c2"**& is s(7&'5&+ i* " '&s&')i' % 5'&"%&' +&%2s %2"* %2& *'" +&%2 $ i* %2& c2"**&.
2. Step method I* 5&*&'"6 s%& &%2+ is c2"'"c%&'i9&+ 7, +i)i+i*5 %2& c2"**& i*% s2'% '&"c2&s "*+ c"'',i*5 %2& c(%"%i* s%& 7, s%& ' *& &*+ %2& '&"c2 % %2& %2&'. F$i*5 i5('& i(s%'"%&s " s2'% c2"**& '&"c2 &*5%2 L.
C*si+&'i*5 %2& %%" 2&"+ "*+ s&s "% %2& %$ &*+ s&c%i*s 1 "*+ 6 %2& $i*5 ", 7& $'i%%&*. T%" 2&"+ +i&'&*c& > H1-H > ; 91?+1?)1/5 - ; 9 ?+?)/5 F'ic%i* 2&"+ ss
S > ;H1-H / ∆@
T2&'&'&
S > =; 9 1?+1?)1/5 - ; 9 ?+?)/5 < / ∆@ > =; +1?)1/5 - ; + ?)/5 < / ∆@ ? ; 91- 9 / ∆@ > =; +1?)1/5 - ; +?)/5 < / ∆L+S0
S)i*5 ' ∆@8
L
=
(d+ v2/2g /(S!"S#
($
2&'& 8 + > D&%2 $ ) > M&"* )&ci%, S0 > S& %2& c2"**& 7&+ S > S& %2& &*&'5, 5'"+i&*% i*& Fi*" &("%i* ' 2'i9*%" +is%"*c& c"c("%i* = c"* 7& 7%"i*&+ ' &("%i* ;1 <
1 1 ;d m+1 − d m : + Q − gB d m+1 d m ∆ L = ! 3 S 0 − Q n = B + ;d m+1 + d 10m :< B ;d + d : 3 m +1 m
>16 6 36 ;
Fi*" &("%i* ' i%&'"%i*6
! 3 Q n = B + ;d m +1 + d m :< Q 1 1 + − d m+1 = d m + ∆ L S 0 − 10 3 gB d d m +1 m B ;d m+1 + d m :
>16 6 36
;3
Us& M"**i*5s &("%i* % s)& ' %2& s& %2& &*&'5, 5'"+i&*% i*&6 S M"**i*5s &("%i* is8 2&'&6
V % $/& R 2/' S$/2
;!
* : M"**i*5s '(52*&ss c&ici&*% R : H,+'"(ic '"+i(s S : S& %2& &*&'5, 5'"+i&*% i*&
PROCEDURE: E*s('& %2& (& 7&+ $"s &)&&+ "*+ %i%&+ %2& (& % " i+ s&. T2& S(ic& 5"%& $"s '"is&+ % i%s "i( &*i*5 si%i*. A%&' %"i5"%& $"s $&'&+. "%&' $"s i*%'+(c&+ "*+ "+4(s%s %2& i*$ '"%& "*+ %"i5"%& % c'&"%& " 7"c#$"%&' c('&. F$ +&%2s "*+ %2& c''&s*+i*5 2'i9*%" +isc2"'5&s "% c2s&* s&c%i*s 1 % "*+ +isc2"'5&s6 $&'& &"s('&+ "*+ '&c'+&+. H")i*5 c&%&+ s%& 6 7, $&'i*5 %2& %"i5"%& '&)& %2& $"%&' c&c%&+ % ' %2& 7"c#$"%&' c('& "% %2& +$*s%'&" &*+ %2& (&. T2& s(ic& 5"%& $"s $&'&+ $i%2 %2& 7%% +5 > 0 "7)& %2& 7&+. T2& i*$ '"%& %2& (& $"s "+4(s%&+ s %2"% +0 > 30 . A*+ "s %2& %"i5"%& $"s "+4(s%&+ % c'&"%& " 2,+'"(ic 4(. + 0 "*+ +5 )"(&s $&'& c2"*5&+ "*+ 7s&')&+ %2& )"'i"%i* c*4(5"%& +&%2s 2,+'"(ic 4(.
CALCULATIONS: 1)
C'i%ic" +&%2 +c 1 > B / 5A3
6
7(% A > B+c
+c > / 5B1/3 > . /s ' 0.00 3 / s 5 > .1 s- B > 0.3 +c > 0.01 F' &("%i* ;!
V > 1/* R /3 S1/
/ B+c > ;1/* =B+c/;B?+c< /3 Sc1/ Sc > 0. S0 > 0.003 S0 K Sc i+ s& 2)
S1/ > *;B?+< /3 =B+c< /3
;0.0031/ > 0.01L0.00;0.3?+< /3 =0.3+< /3 + > 0.01 Acc'+i*5 % %2& M1 c(')& + +c "*+ S0 K Sc s& is i+
3)
1 1 ;d m+1 − d m : + Q − gB d m+1 d m ∆ L = ! 3 Q n = B ; d d :< + + m +1 m S 0 − 10 B ;d + d : 3 m +1 m > 16 6 3...
T2&'&'&6
2
( )+0. 0025 dm+1dm ∆@
1
×.1×0.32
>
0. 0025
1 2
dm+1
2
2
0. 01 ×
2
dm
4/3
0. 3+(dm+1+dm)
0 . 003 10/3
0. 3( dm+1+dm ) 2
F' L1 8 d 1 > 0.0!1 d 2 > 0.00 L1 > - 1.1!
F' L2 8 d 1 > 0.00 d 2 > 0.0 T2&'&'& L2 c"* 7& c"c("%&+ sii"' "**&' L2 > - 1.
Sii"',6 8 L7 > - 0.3 8 L3 > -1.0 8 L4 > - 1.0 8 L5 > - 0. ; L6 > - 1.01 L8 > - 0.!3 H'i9*%". Dis%"*c& ;
0.01 D&%2 ;
H'i9*%" +is"c&&*%
.
0.0!1
-1.1!
.3
0.00
-1.
.
0.0
-1.0
.3
0.03
-1.0
.
0.00
-0.
.3
0.0
-1.01
.
0.0
-0.3
.3
0.030
-0.!3
! Q n = B + ; d m+1 + d m :< 3 Q 1 1 d m+1 = d m + ∆ L S 0 − + − 10 3 gB d d m +1 m B ;d + d : m+1 m
> 16 6 3... s%
As ' %2& 1 i%&'"%i* &("%i* @&% + > 0.0!1
+?1> + ? ;-0. 0.003 Q 0.00 0.01 = 0.3 ? ;+?1 ? + < !/3 10/3
0 . 3/ 2( +?1 ? + )
/ 5B
1 ?1
+
1
+
B, %2& &%2+ i%&'"%i* H'i9*%" +is%"*c&
D&%2
+?1
.
0.0!1
0.0
.3
0.00
0.0
.
0.0
0.0!
.3
0.03
0.0
.
0.00
0.00
.3
0.0
0.00
.
0.0
0.00
.3
0.030
0.01
.
0.01
0.003
DISCUSSION: T2& M"**i*5 E("%i* is %2& s% c*, (s&+ &("%i* % "*",s& &* c2"**& $s. T2& M"**i*5 E("%i* is (%ii9&+ i* (' &* c2"**& +&si5* c"c("%i*s - Design of Circular Culverts6 Design of Rectangular Channels6 "*+ Design of Trapezoidal Channels. I% is " s&i&i'ic" &("%i* ' si("%i*5 $"%&' $s i* c2"**&s "*+ c()&'%s $2&'& %2& $"%&' is &* % %2& "%s2&'&6 i.&. *% $i*5 (*+&' '&ss('&6 "*+ $"s i's% '&s&*%&+ i* 1 7, R7&'% M"**i*5. T2& c2"**& c"* 7& "*, s2"& - ci'c("'6 '&c%"*5("'6 %'i"*5("'6 &%c. T2& (*i%s i* %2& M"**i*5 &("%i* "&"' % 7& i*c*sis%&*%8 2$&)&'6 %2& )"(& # 2"s 2i++&* (*i%s i* i% % "#& %2& &("%i* c*sis%&*%. T2& M"**i*5 E("%i* $"s +&)&&+ ' (*i' s%&"+, s%"%& $. U*i' &"*s %2"% %2& c2"**& is 'is"%ic. P'is"%ic &"*s %2& c2"**& 2"s c*s%"*% +i&*si*s ;i*c(+i*5 +&%2 "*5 i%s &*5%2. S%&"+, s%"%& &"*s %2& $ '"%&6 )&ci%,6 "*+ &)&',%2i*5 &s& "'& c*s%"*% $i%2 %i&. I* '&"i%,6 * $ c"* 7& (*i' "*+ s%&"+,. H$&)&'6 ' i*+i)i+(" c2"**& '&"c2&s ;&.5. *& i& " 00 i& 'i)&' %2& "ss(%i*s ", 7& "i', $& "c2i&)&+. T2& M"**i*5 E("%i* is "s (s&+ s(cc&ss(, % si("%& 5'"+(", )"'i&+ $ $2&'& %2& c2"**& is *% 'is"%ic. I* %2is c"s&6 S is %2& s& %2& &*&'5, 5'"+& i*&. F' 'is"%ic $s6 S is %2& s&
%2& 2,+'"(ic 5'"+& i*&6 $2ic2 is %2& s& %2& $"%&' s('"c& "*+ is %2& s"& "s %2& s& %2& c2"**& 7%%. A 7"c#$"%&' c(')& is " c(')&6 $2ic2 2"s " +&%2 5'&"%&' %2"* 7%2 *'" "*+ c'i%ic" +&%2s "*+ is 7&i*5 '&%"'+&+ &i%2&' 7, " +$*s%'&" 7s%'(c%i* ' "%&' " 2,+'"(ic 4(. I* %2is '"c%ic" $2"% $& 2")& +*& is6 +'"$* %2& %2&'&%ic" $"%&' s('"c& ;c(')& "*+ c"'&+ i% $i%2 "c%(" $"%&' s('"c& ;c(')&. F' 7%"i* %2& %2&'&%ic" )"(&s 7"c#$"%&' c(')& $& (s&+ %$ &%2+s6 "s Direct Step Method Standard Step Method . I $& % Horizontal distance Vs Depth $ ' %2&'&%ic" "c%(" ci'c(s%"*c&s i* %2& s"& 5'"26 i% c"* 7& &"si, s&&* %2"% %2&'&%ic" )"(&s +&%2s "'& (i%& $&' %2"* %2& "c%(" )"(&s ' s"& 2'i9*%" +is%"*c& $. I $& *%ic& %2& )"(&s 7%"i*&+ ' %$ &%2+s ;"cc'+i*5 % 5'"2 %%&+6 i% is "s s&&* %2"% %2& %$ c(')&s "'& "s% ci*ci+&. T2& +i'&c% s%& &%2+ &"+s % si&' c"c("%i*. H$ &)&' $2&* '&'%i&s %2& c2"**& ;c'ss s&c%i*" s2"&6 7&+ 'ic%i*6 7&+ s& "*5 i%s &*5%26 $& c"* ", %2& &("%i* % %2& '&5i* $2&'& %2& '&'%i&s "'& (*i' 7, c2si*5
L "cc'+i*5, i* %2&
Standard Step Method . T2is is *% ssi7& i* %2& Direct Step Method "*+ %2&'& '& i* %2is '&s&c% % Standard Step Method c"* 5i)& 7&%%&' '&s(%s %2"* Direct Step Method
The Hydraulic Jump I% is ssi7& ' " $"%&' $ i* " c2"**& $i%2(% "* 7s%'(c%i* % (*+&'5 " s*%"*&(s i*c'&"s& i* &)&6 "s s&&* i* $i*5 i5('&. S(c2 " $ is c"&+ " h!draulic "ump. T2& '&5i* %'"*si%i* ' %2& (*i' $ (s%'&" % "*%2&' (*i' $ +$*s%'&" is i''&5("' "*+ '"*+6 7&i*5 " %('7(&*% $ $i%2 s" $")&&%s * %2& s('"c& %2"% "&"' % 7'&"#. 2i& $& c"**% +&sc'i7& %2& $ i* %2is %'"*si%i* '&5i*6 $& c"* '&"%& %2& (s%'&" "*+ +$*s%'&" c*+i%i*s i* %2& 2,+'"(ic 4( 7, (%ii9i*5 %2& i*&"' &*%( %2&'&.
H,+'"(ic J(
O(%
I*
A 2,+'"(ic 4( i* " c2"**& $ is "$",s "cc"*i&+ 7, "* i*c'&"s& i* %2& s%'&" +&%2 +$*s%'&". T2is is "$",s %2& c"s& ' $ 7&*&"%2 %2& s(ic& 5"%&. T2(s i% is ssi7& ' " 2,+'"(ic 4( % &is% +$*s%'&" " s(ic& 5"%&. H$&)&'6 %2& i*" s%'&" +&%2 +$*s%'&" s(c2 " 2,+'"(ic 4( is "$",s &ss %2"* %2& &)& (s%'&" %2& s(ic& 5"%&.
REERENCES:
@"7 *%& i* H,+'"(ic E*5i*&&'i*5 ;CE-303
C2"(+2',6 M. H. 13. O&*-C2"**& F$. P'&*%ic&-H"6 I*c.
F'&*c26 R. H. 1. O&*-C2"**& H,+'"(ics. McG'"$-Hi B# C.
'+ i+& &7 ;$$$ "5&s '&"%i)& % #luid mechanics "*+ H!draulic engineering
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