B2 Teachers Book Unit 8 Sample
March 5, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Pmj whrl` nrhue` us PJNCMJV’S RVJSJEPNPIHE DIP
ZEIP NIOS
± ± ± ±
Jxno prjpnrntihe ie Zeit =; ± ue`jrstne` ioplicntihe ie n enturj enturj nrticlj ± prj`ict nltjrentivj wnys hg snyiea tmj snoj tmiea ± `jvjlhp n `iscussihe ne` jxprjss hpieihes ± ue`jrstne` spjlliea spjlliea cmneajs ne` npply tmjo ie n whr`-ghrontihe jxjrcisj ± ue`jrstne` prjphsitihes ne` usj tmjo ie ne hpje-clhzj jxjrcisj ± aivj jxnopljs ie ne nrticlj
Pnld6Oj vi`jhs Spjndiea tjst vi`jhs Clnss ne` Qhrdfhhd nu`ih Qhrdfhhd pnajs ne` neswjr djy
ZEIP HWJVWIJQ
Stu`jet’s Fhhd / @iaitnl Stu`jet’s Fhhd
Qhrdfhhd / Heliej Qhrdfhhd
L JS S H E / J ]N O PN S D
J ] N O S D I L L S / L N E A ZNA J G H C Z S
CHE S H L I @NP IH E
Vjn`iea
Ze`jrstne`iea nttitu`j ne` hpieihe
Qhrdfhhd, pp 72–7>, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Oultiplj ontcmiea
N enturj nrticlj
Zeit =, Vjn`iea, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Arnoonr >
Che`itihenls (6); sjche`, tmir` ne` oixj` che`itihenls
Qhrdfhhd, p 76, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Qhr`s cheejctj` witm jevirheojetnl issujs
Qhrdfhhd, p 73, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Rmrnsnl vjrfs
Zeit =, Whcnfulnry, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Whcnfulnry
Zeit =, Arnoonr >, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Qhr`s + prjphsitihes Listjeiea
Rrj`ictiea ne` neticipntiea
Qhrdfhhd, p 70, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Oultiplj ontcmiea
Zeit =, Listjeiea, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Arnoonr 6
Zerjnl pnst ne` pnst wismjs
Qhrdfhhd, p 73, Jxjrcisjs >, 6 Zeit =, Arnoonr 6, Jxjrcisjs >, 6
Spjndiea
^unligyiea yhur hpieihe
Qhrdfhhd, pp 70–7:, Jxjrcisjs >, 6
@iscussihe
Zeit =, Spjndiea, Jxjrcisjs >, 6
Zsj hg Jealism
Spjlliea cmneajs
Qhrdfhhd, p 7:, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Qhr` ghrontihe Hpje clhzj
Rrjphsitihes
Zeit =, Zsj hg Jealism, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3
Qritiea
Aiviea rjnshes ne` jxnopljs (6)
Qhrdfhhd, p 77, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3, 0
Ne nrticlj
Zeit =, Qritiea, Jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3, 0
Rrharjss cmjcd
Cmjc Cm jcdd lne lneau auna naj j prh prhar arjs jsss ghr ghr Ze Zeit itss 1 ne ne` `=
Qhr hrdf dfhh hhd, d, p 71 71, Rrh Rrhar arjs jsss cmj cmjcd cd ne ne` ` Cuoulntivj prharjss Rrharjss cmjcd ne` Cuoulntivj prharjss
N``itihenl ontjrinl RVJSJEPNPIHE DIP
PJNCMJV’S / SPZ@JEP’S VJSHZ VCJ CJEPVJ
PJSP AJEJVNPHV
Pnld6Oj vi`jh Pmj rjnshe I vi`jh Pmj
Zeit = whrdsmjjts;
Zeit Pjst = (Stne`nr` ne` Miamjr)
sny tmis …
Hptioisj yhur arnoonr (Stne`nr` (Stne`nr` ne` Miamjr), Hptioisj yhur vhcnfulnry (Stne`nr` (Stne`nr` ne` Miamjr), Pnld6Oj vi`jh, Pnld6Oj vi`jh, Sny it riamt
Rrharjss Pjst (Stne`nr` ne` Miamjr)
Zeits 1–= whrdsmjjts; CLIL, Culturj, Jvjry`ny Jealism (PVC hely), Arnoonr chooueicntihe (PVC hely) >26
Pmj whrl` nrhue` nrh ue` us
HR PIOISJ YHZ V
VJN@IEA Oultiplj ontcmiea | N enturj nrticlj
=
J]NO
Oultiplj ontcmiea Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tips.
Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnajs =2–=>
◈
Pmis typj hg tnsd ghcusjs he `jtnil, hpieihe, spjcigic ieghrontihe ne` ioplicntihe (tmieas tmnt nrj ioplij` hr suaajstj` ie tmj tjxt). Vjoie` stu`jets th usj pnrnpmrnsiea hg tmj i`jns – rjtjlliea tmj ieghrontihe witmhut cmneaiea tmj hriaienl i`jn – rntmjr tmne ie`ivi`unl whr`s ie tmj qujstihes th mjlp tmjo i`jetigy tmj neswjr ie tmj tjxt.
◈
Vjoie` stu`jets tmnt hgtje jxnct whr` ontcmjs ontcmjs nrj n trnp. Ig n djy whr` ie tmj tjxt is jxnctly tmj snoj ns tmj whr` ie tmj qujstihe, stu`jets smhul` fj cnrjgul. It’s nlohst cjrtniely eht tmj neswjr. Pmjy smhul` nlsh fj cnrjgul hg pnrtinl ontcmjs ne` gie` sjetjecjs ie tmj tjxt tmnt ontcm nll nll tmj tmj djy whr`s.
Ljsshe nios • Ghcus he oultiplj ontcmiea • Rrnctisj n oultiplj-ontcmiea jxno tnsd
Ljn`-ie Qritj tmj ueit titlj Pmj whrl` nrhue` us he tmj fhnr` ne` jlicit wmnt tmj titlj rjgjrs th (nll (nll tmj tmieas wj sjj, mjnr ne` jxpjrijecj ie hur jvjry`ny livjs). livjs). Jlicit i`jns grho `iggjrjet stu`jets nfhut mhw tmjy whul` pjrshenlly `jscrifj tmj whrl` nrhue` tmjo. Nsd wmnt tmjy gjjl tmj ohst siaeigicnet tmieas nrj. Ghcus stu`jets’ nttjetihe he tmj pmhths he pnajs =2 ne` =>, ne` nsd stu`jets wmnt tmjy tmied tmj ljsshe is jevirheojet t ). ahiea th fj nfhut (enturj (enturj ne` tmj jevirheoje ).
Jxno tnsd 0
> Ie pnirs hr a rhups, stu`jets stu`jets neswjr tmj
qujstihes. Jlicit neswjrs ie hpje clnss ne` tr y qujstihes. th `jvjlhp n clnss `iscussihe.
Neswjrs Stu`jets’ hwe neswjrs
6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj quicdly. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
6.>3
Ehtj; Pmj rjn`iea tjxt is nlsh nvnilnflj he tmj nu`ih C@. Yhu ony wnet th mnvj stu`jets listje ne` rjn` tmj tjxt fjghrj `hiea tmj jxno tnsd. Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss. Jlicit tmj sjetjecjs sjetjecjs ie tmj tjxts tmnt ontcm tmj qujstihes th mjlp trnie stu`jets th cmjcd tmjir cmhicjs cnrjgul ly ly..
Neswjrs > C (Ph (Ph oy oie`, entihenl pnrds nrj tmjrj eht hely ghr tmj chesjrvntihe hg wil`ligj, fut th iespirj us th ljn` fjttjr livjs.) livjs.)
Neswjrs N 0 F > C 3 @ :
6 F (Pmj (Pmj Arjnt Fnrrijr Vjjg mns fjchoj hej hg tmj alhfnl syofhls hg kust mhw grnailj enturj cne fj.) fj. )
6 is eht ejj`j`.
3 @ (… (… fut oy hwe vijw is tmnt it’s tmj hr`ienry nspjcts hg jvjry`ny ligj tmnt tjll us n lht ohrj.) ohrj.)
Jxtrn supphrt Jlicit tmj djy pmrnsjs ie tmj tjxts tmnt mjlpj` stu`jets `jci`j he tmjir neswjrs.
0 N (Ig (Ig I’` dehwe ohrj nfhut tmj misthry fjghrj ahiea, ahi ea, I’` mnvj aht ohrj hut hg it.) it.) : F (Pmj (Pmj `ivjrsity hg ligj ie tmj nrjn is frjntmtndiea! ) 7 @ (Pmj (Pmj pnrd is nlsh mhoj th knaunrs ne` htmjr neionls. … It anvj us shoj iesiamt ieth wmnt tmjir livjs wjrj lidj.) lidj. )
Neswjrs N Ig I’` dehwe ohrj nfhut tmj misthry fjghrj ahiea, I’` mnvj aht ohrj hut hg it. tmj C It’s vitnl tmnt wj jxplhrj wnys ie wmicm hur shcijty cne `jvjlhp nt tmj snoj tioj ns prjsjrviea tmj spjctnculnr enturnl rjshurcjs wj mnvj.
1 N (… (… it wns n rjlijg th ah he n ”wil`’ thur, wmicm tndjs yhu th shoj hg tmj ljss-`jvjlhpj` pnrts hg tmj cnvj systjo.) systjo.)
F … tmj rjjg is shojtmiea wj mnvj th prjsjrvj vjry cnrjgully ghr guturj ajejrntihes … pnst oistndjs ne` n cmneaiea cliontj ojne tmnt pnrts hg tmj rjjg nrj struaaliea th rjchvjr.
9 F (Ig (Ig wj mn` `hej shojtmiea lidj tmnt yjnrs nah, tmj rjjg whul` fj ie n oucm fjttjr fj ttjr stntj ehw! )
@ It anvj us shoj iesiamt ieth wmnt tmjir livjs wjrj lidj.
3 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Jlicit neswjrs grho `i ggjrjet stu`jets stu`jets nrhue` tmj clnss.
= @ (Qj (Qj hgtje lhhd nt chestructihes ne` oheuojets ne` tmied tmjy rjprjsjet wmnt n culturj wns lidj, fut … it’s tmj hr`ienry nspjcts hg jvjry`ny ligj tmnt tjll us n lht ohrj.) ohrj.)
>2 C (… >2 C (… tmj struaalj hg tmj wil`jfjjst th survivj ie `neajrhus che`itihes … rjoie`j` oj hg tmj `nily struaalj th survivj tmnt oney pjhplj ie oy chuetry gncj.) gncj.)
: Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Jlicit `jgieitihes grho `ig gjrjet stu`jets stu`jets nrhue` tmj clnss.
Neswjrs > I ghue` it 6 Eht surprisiealy, 3 Ghr oj, Ph oy oie`, 0 oy hwe vijw is tmnt : Pmjrj’s eh `huft tmnt
>23
=
Pmj whrl` nr hue` us
Neswjrs grnailj (n`k); jnsy (n`k); jnsy th `nonaj iesiamt (e); n (e); n cmnecj th ue`jrstne` shojtmiea hr ljnre ohrj nfhut it iespirj (v); aivj (v); aivj shojhej tmj jetmusinso th `h hr crjntj shojtmiea lni` he (pmr v); prhvi`j` v); prhvi`j` oieioisj (v); rj`ucj (v); rj`ucj shojtmiea mnrogul th tmj sonlljst nohuet hr `jarjj prjsjrvj (v); tndj (v); tndj cnrj hg n plncj th prjvjet it grho fjiea mnroj` hr `jstrhyj` stridiea (n`k); nttrnctiea (n`k); nttrnctiea yhur ietjrjst hr nttjetihe fjcnusj hg shoj ueusunl gjnturj tj`ihus (n`k); fhriea (n`k); fhriea ne` chetieuiea ghr thh lhea
Hptihenl jxtjesihe
6.>3
Rlny tmj rjchr`j` tjxt ne` nsd stu`jets th ue`jrliej tmj `iggjrjet n`kjctivjs ie tmj tjxt. Nsd stu`jets th `jgiej tmj ohrj `iggicult whr`s, ne` miamliamt tmnt ig stu`jets usj n wi`j rneaj hg ohrj chopljx vhcnfulnry wmje tmjy writj `jscriptihes, tmjy will jnre miamjr onrds ie jxnos. Neswjrs jxtjesivj, ue`jrarhue`, ioprjssivj, iecrj`iflj, tj`ihus, entihenl, wil`, ljss-`jvjlhpj`, sonll, rjnl, jnrly, lhcnl, wnetj`, grjsm, jpic, `neajrhus, `nily, fjttjr, gnetnstic, enturnl, `iggicult, liviea, vitnl, spjctnculnr, alhfnl, grnailj, guturj, frjntmtndiea, jxcitiea, onriej, muone, `iggjrjet, stueeiea, pnst, cmneaiea, nonziea, Onyne, onkhr, nwjshoj, stridiea, gnscientiea, hr`ienry, jvjry`ny
phiet. Mhwjvjr, ig nt ney phiet tmjy sny ne iechrrjct ljttjr, tmj pnrt-whr` is mne`j` mne`j ` hvjr th Pjno F (ne` fncd nanie ig tmjy ondj ne jrrhr). Pmis chetieujs uetil hej tjno gieismjs tmj whr` ne` wies tmj phiet. Pmj tjno witm tmj ohst phiets wies tmj anoj. Suaajstj` whr`s; wjnltm, Sjrjeajti, crhch`iljs, wil`jfjjst, scjejry, tj`ihus, ioprjssivj, stueeiea, ueghrtuentjly, churts.
Arnoonr ie chetjxt Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj tnsd. Vjgjr tmjo th tmj Vjojofjr Vjojofjr fhx mjlp. Cmjcd tmj neswjr ie hpje clnss. fhx ig t mjy ejj` mjlp. Nsd stu`jets th tmied hg pjrshenlisj` sjetjecjs sjetjecjs usiea tmj sjche`, tmir` ne` oixj` che`itihenls. Jlicit n gjw jxnopljs nrhue` tmj clnss. Vjoie` stu`jets tmnt tmjy cne gie` ohrj ieghrontihe ie tmj Arnoonr rjgjrjecj, Zeit =, pnaj >:7. Neswjrs Myphtmjticnl jvjets
> Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Nsd tmjo th chopnrj tmjir neswjrs ie pni rs fjghrj yhu cmjcd tmjo ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > f 6 n 3 f 0 f : f 7 f
Jxtrn supphrt Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj tnsd. Ig yhu mnvj nccjss th tmj ietjrejt, stu`jets cne rjsjnrcm ieghrontihe ie clnss. clnss. Nltjrentivjly, tmjy chul` prjpnrj tmis ghr mhojwhrd ne` prjsjet tmjir ieghrontihe nt tmj stnrt hg tmj ejxt ljsshe. Stu`jets cne vhtj he wmicm entihenl pnrd tmjy whul` ohst lidj th visit.
Jlicit tmj typj hg che`itihenl ie jncm sjetjecj. Neswjrs > sjche` che`itihenl 6 tmir` che`itihenl 3 sjche` che`itihenl 0 sjche` che`itihenl : oixj` che`itihenl 7 tmir` che`itihenl
6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Vjn`iea jxjrcisjs >, 6 ne` 3 he pnajs 72–7> hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
AVNOONV > Che`itihenls (6); sjche`, tmir` ne` oixj` che`itihenls
neswjrs ie hpje clnss. Nccjpt nll sjesiflj suaajstihes.
Suaajstj` neswjrs > wmnt whul` yhu `h 6 wmnt whul` yhu mnvj `hej iestjn` / wmnt whul` yhu fj `hiea iestjn` 3 mhw whul` yhur ligj mnvj fjje `ig gjrjet / mhw whul` yhur ligj fj `iggjrjet 0 wmnt whul` yhu lidj th sjj : whul` yhu mnvj stnrtj` rjcycliea yjnrs nah
Stu`jet’s Fhhd, pnaj =6
Ljsshe nios • Ze`jrstne` tmj chrrjct usnaj hg sjche`, tmir` ne` oixj` che`itihenls • Rrnctisj usiea sjche`, tmir` ne` oixj` che`itihenls
Ljn`-ie
@ivi`j tmj clnss ieth twh tjnos, N ne` F. Cmhhsj n whr` grho tmj prjvihus ljsshe ne` sny it th Pjno N ghr tmjo th spjll it, ljttjr fy ljttjr. Ig tmjy spjll tmj whr` chrrjctly, tmjy schrj hej
>20
7 wmnt (neionl) whul` yhu fj
3 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > wnetj` 6 whul` mnvj survivj` 3 mn`e’t frhuamt 0 whul` fj : mn` fjje nwnrj 7 whul`e’t fj 1 mn` sjje = whul` mnvj ljnret 9 Mn` >2 >2 whul`e’t whul`e’t mnvj fjje snvj`
Pmj whrl` nrhue` nrh ue` us
=
6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd
Oixj` nfility Aivj ljss chegi`jet stu`jets tmj neswjrs ie n kuoflj` hr`jr (mn`e’t frhuamt, whul` mnvj ljnret, wnetj`, whul`e’t mnvj fjje snvj`, whul` fj, mn` fjje nwnrj, whul`e’t fj, mn` sjje, Mn`, whul` mnvj survivj` ). ). Cmnlljeaj ohrj n`vnecj` stu`jets wmh gieism jnrly th writj twh hr tmrjj choprjmjesihe qujstihes he tmj tjxt ie Jxjrcisj 3. Qmje jvjryhej mns gieismj`, tmjy cne rjn` tmjo hut th tjst tmj clnss.
neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > cliontj cmneaj / alhfnl wnroiea 6 cnrfhe ghhtpriet 3 sustnienflj `jvjlhpojet 0 thxic wnstj : alhfnl wnroiea 7 rjejwnflj jejray 1 hzhej lnyjr = arjjemhusj jggjct
Jxtrn supphrt wnroiea ie tmj cjetrj hg tmj fhnr`. Jlicit wmicm Qritj alhfnl wnroiea ie
Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Arnoonr > jxjrcisjs >, 6 ne` 3 he pnaj 76 hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
Rlny tmj nu`ih grho Jxjrcisj > nanie ghr stu`jets th ehtj `hwe `hwe tmj onie strjss ie tmj pmrnsjs, i.j. wmicm shue` is lheajr, lhu`jr ne` is sni` ohrj cljnrly witm n cmneaj ie pitcm. Nsd stu`jets th choj up ne` onrd tmj tmj strjss pnttjre he tmj fhnr`. @rill ie hpje clnss.
WHCNFZLNVY Phpic vhcnfulnr Phpic vhcnfulnry y | Rmrnsnl vjrfs | Qhr` pnttjres Stu`jet’s
nrj tmj prhfljos ne` wmicm nrj tmj shlutihes ie Jxjrcisj > ne` writj tmjo he tmj fhnr`.
Fhhd, pnaj =3
Neswjrs alhfnl wnroiea (prhfljo), cliontj cmneaj (prhfljo), arjjemhusj jggjct (prhfljo), thxic wnstj (prhfljo), cnrfhe ghhtpriet (prhfljo), rjejwnflj jejray (shlutihe), sustnienflj `jvjlhpojet (shlutihe), hzhej lnyjr
Ljsshe nios • Ze`jrstne` tmj chrrjct usnaj hg; – whr`s cheejctj` witm jevirheojetnl issujs
Rmrnsnl vjrfs 3
– pmrnsnl vjrfs – whr`s + prjphsitihes
Ljn`-ie
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Rlny tmj nu`ih ghr stu`jets th listje ne` cmjcd tmjir neswjrs.
Neswjrs/Nu`ihscript > Shoj neionl spjcijs `ij` hut `uj `uj th muone nctivitijs.
@rnw n tnflj he tmj fhnr`. Qmnt's ahiea wrhea8
6.>:
Qmnt nrj tmj shlutihes8
6 Rjhplj nrj cnlliea ghr urajet urajet nctihe he cliontj cmneaj. 3 Qill wj kust djjp usiea hil uetil it nll rues hut 8
hcjnes hcjnes
0 Qj nll mnvj n rjsphesifility th mjlp cljne up hur up hur fjncmjs.
ghrjsts
: Ig wj’rj eht cnrjgul, hur nctihes nrj ahiea th wipj hut tmj tmj wil` jljpmnet.
`jsjrts
7 I tmied wj smhul` `h nwny witm cnrs witm cnrs tmnt prh`ucj lhts hg phllutihe ie city cjetrjs th prhtjct tmj jevirheojet.
neionls
1 Qmje wj cmhp `hwe trjjs, `hwe trjjs, wj rjohvj tmj enturnl mnfitnt hg n euofjr hg spjcijs.
wjntmjr Ie pnirs, stu`jets tnflj. Stu`jets cmneaj pnrtejrs ne` smnrjchopljtj wmnt tmjytmj wrhtj. Jlicit neswjrstmje ie hpje clnss.
= @he’t kust tmrhw nwny yhur yhur hl` fhttljs. Vjcyclj tmjo!
Jxtrn supphrt
Qhr`s cheejctj` witm jevirheojetnl issujs
>
6.>0
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Rlny tmj nu`ih ghr stu`jets th listje ne` cmjcd tmjir neswjrs.
Neswjrs/Nu`ihscript > alhfnl wnroiea 6 cliontj cmneaj 3 arjjemhusj jggjct 0 thxic wnstj : cnrfhe ghhtpriet 7 rjejwnflj jejray 1 sustnienflj `jvjlhpojet = hzhej lnyjr
Vjgjr stu`jets th tmj Whcnfulnry pnaj >77, ghr ohrj ieghrontihe herjgjrjecj, thpic vhcnfuln ry.
Ie`ivi`unlly, stu`jets writj pjrshenlisj` sjetjecjs witm tmj pmrnsnl vjrfs grho Jxjrcisj 3. Ie pnirs, tmjy tmje rjn` hut tmjir sjetjecjs witmhut snyiea tmj pmrnsnl vjrf (tmjy chul` sufstitutj tmis ghr n ”fjjp’ shue`) ghr tmjir pnrtejr th aujss. Vjgjr stu`jets th tmj Whcnfulnry rjgjrjecj, pnaj >77, ghr ohrj ieghrontihe he pmrnsnl vjrfs.
Gnst gieismjrs Nsd stu`jets th sny ig tmj pmrnsnl vjrfs nrj sjpnrnflj hr ehe-sjpnrnflj. Neswjrs Sjpnrnflj; 0, :, 1, = Iesjpnrnflj; >, 6, 3, 7
>2:
=
Pmj whrl` nr hue` us
Qhr`s + prjphsitihes 0
> Ie pnirs hr ns n arhup, stu`jets nsd ne` neswjr
tmj qujstihes. Jlicit neswjrs grho `iggjrjet stu`jets nrhue` tmj clnss ne` nccjpt nll sjesiflj suaajstihes.
6.>7
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Rlny tmj nu`ih ghr stu`jets th listje ne` cmjcd tmjir neswjrs.
Neswjrs/Nu`ihscript > Qntjr phllutihe cne fj mnrogul th gism th gism ne` neionls tmnt livj nlhea tmj rivjr. 6 Pmj Suontrne rmieh is tmrjntjej` fy muetjrs. muetjrs.
Suaajstj` neswjrs > Pmjrj is n pmhth hg wie` turfiejs ne` n pmhth hg shlnr pnejls. Pmjy nrj shurcjs hg rjejwnflj jejray. jejra y. 6 My`rhphwjr (wnvj phwjr), ajhtmjronl jejray (tmjronl jejray on`j ne` sthrj` ie tmj jnrtm), fihjejray (fihonss grho plnets), jtc.
3 Qitmhut tmj hzhej lnyjr, wj whul` fj jxphsj` th ZW th ZW rnys tmnt cne cnusj cnecjr. 0 @h yhu tmied wj `h jehuam th prht th prhtjct jct neionls neionls grho grho illjanl illjanl nctivity8
6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
: Qmicm chuetrijs will fj ohst nggjctj` fy cliontj cliontj cmneaj8 7 Zsiea `riediea wntjr th wntjr tmj anr`je is n wnstj hg enturnl enturnl rjshurcjs!
Vjgjr stu`jets th tmj Whcnfulnry rjgjrjecj, pnaj >77, ghr ohrj ieghrontihe he whr` pnttjres.
Neswjrs > A 6 @ 3 G 0 M
Jxtrn supphrt Jlicit tmj syeheyos ne` rjlntj` pmrnsjs tmnt mjlpj` stu`jets `jci`j he tmjir neswjrs.
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj tnsd. Nsd tmjo th prjsjet wmnt tmjy mnvj ljnret ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > arntjgul – A tmnedgul 6 whrrij` nfhut – @ checjres 3 jejray, tjst – G jejray, smhw tmnt I dejw
Nssiae Mhojwhrd stu`jets Whcnfulnry Whcnf ulnry jxjrcisjs >, 6 ne` 3 he
0 Rjhplj `i`e’t sjjo th dehw vjry oucm – M pjhplj ejj`j` th fj j`ucntj`
pnaj 73 hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
3 Nsd stu`jets st u`jets th chopljtj chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Jlicit i`jns i`jns ie hpje clnss ne` nccjpt ney sjesiflj neswjrs.
LISPJEIEA Oultiplj ontcmiea Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnaj =0
Suaajstj` neswjrs > Stntjojet N (”I lhvj` it wmje I snw pjhplj ghllhwiea oy suaajstihes.’) 6 Stntjojet F (”It wns mnr`, fut I wns aln` wmje I onenaj` it.’) 3 Stntjojet C (”I wns checjrej` tmnt wj oiamt eht mnvj ney jggjct.’) jggjc t.’)
Ljsshe nios • Ghcus he oultiplj ontcmiea
0 Stntjojet J (”I `i` shoj tmieas tmnt I `i`e’t tmied I wns cnpnflj hg `hiea.’)
• Rrnctisj n oultiplj-ontcmiea jxno tnsd
HR PIOISJ YHZ V
Ljn`-ie Ie pnirs, stu`jets try th ondj tmj lheajst cmnie hg sjetjecjs usiea tmj sjche` che`itihenl. Stnrt witm ne jxnoplj, sucm ns Ig I whe tmj lhttjry, lhttjr y, … tmje … tmje nsd n stu`jet th chopljtj tmj sjetjecj, j.a. … I’` trnvjl nrhue` tmj whrl` . Nsd nehtmjr stu`jet stu`jet … tmje phiet th chetieuj, j.a. Ig I trnvjllj` nrhue` tmj whrl`, … tmje th nehtmjr stu`jet th chopljtj tmis sjetjecj, j.a. … I’` visit Nustrnlin.. Nustrnlin Qritj twh ohrj mnlg sjetjecjs he tmj fhnr` ghr stu`jets th chetieuj ie pnirs; Ig I ojt oy gnvhuritj gilo stnr, … Ig I ghue` €:22 ie tmj strjjt, … Qmje stu`jets mnvj gieismj`, jlicit shoj che`itihenl cmnies grho `iggjrjet pnirs nrhue` tmj clnss.
J]NO
Oultiplj ontcmiea Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tips. ◈
Ie listjeiea jxnos, wmjrj spjjcm cne fj quitj gnst, tmis strntjay mjlps stu`jets i`jetigy rjljvnet phiets, rjkjct irrjljvnet ieghrontihe ne` aujss uedehwe whr`s hr pmrnsjs. Stu`jets usunlly mnvj 32 sjche`s fjghrj tmj girst listjeiea th tmied hg nltjrentivj wnys hg snyiea tmj snoj tmiea.
◈
Stu`jets hgtje ondj ondj tmj oistndj oistndj hg writiea tmj girst neswjr tmjy mjnr. Vjoie` tmjo th listje ghr aist – tmj djy whr`s – tmj girst tioj ne` fuil` n ajejrnl ionaj ie tmjir oie` hg tmj hpieihe ne` nttitu`j hg tmj spjndjrs. @uriea tmj sjche` listjeiea, rjoie` stu`jets tmnt tmjy smhul` listje ghr ney djy whr`s ne` syeheyos ne` jlioientj tmj tmrjj hptihes tmjy `he’t ejj`.
>27
Pmj whrl` nrhue` nrh ue` us
Jxno tnsd 0
:
6.>1
Rlny tmj trncd ghr stu`jets th listje ne` chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. @he’t cmjcd neswjrs nt tmis stnaj, ns stu`jets will listje nanie th cmjcd ie Jxjrcisj :. 6.>1
Rlny tmj trncd nanie ghr stu`jets th listje listje ne` cmjcd tmjir neswjrs th Jxjrcisj 0. Jlicit neswjrs ie hpje clnss ne` `iscuss tmj spjcigic clujs tmnt mjlpj` tmjo cmhhsj tmjo.
Neswjrs > A (Pmj (Pmj gnoily I stnyj` witm … rjnlly lhhdj` ngtjr oj wjll ne` I wns sh arntjgul …) …) 6 N (It (It wns rjnlly sntisgyiea wmje tmj scmhhl ahvjrehrs narjj` ne` tmj prhkjct wjet nmjn`.) nmjn`.) 3 J (I (I ljnret n lht nfhut oysjlg ne` wmnt I’o cnpnflj hg ) hg ) 0 F (fut (fut I pusmj` oysjlg ne` wns rjnlly aln` tmnt I ojt tmj cmnlljeaj.) cmnlljeaj. ) : M (I (I wism ohrj pjhplj dejw nfhut ajhtmjronl jejray. Ig tmjy wjrj fjttjr ieghroj` … lhcnl pjhplj wjrj lnrajly iaehrnet …) …)
Hptihenl jxtjesihe Rlny tmj trncd nanie ghr stu`jets th listje ne` neswjr tmj ghllhwiea qujstihes nfhut tmj `iggjrjet prhkjcts ie tmj nu`ih ie Jxjrcisj 0. Qmjrj `hjs tmj prhkjct tndj plncj8 Qmnt `hjs it ievhlvj8 Nsd stu`jets th chopnrj tmjir neswjrs ie pnirs fjghrj yhu jlicit tmjo ie hpje clnss. Suaajstj` neswjrs > Ejpnl, Rlne sonll my`rhphwjr stntihes th ojjt tmj jejray ejj`s hg lhcnl pjhplj 6 Nt scmhhl, Nsdj` ghr i`jns th ondj tmj scmhhl th ah arjje. Pmjy suaajstj` suaajstj ` shlnr pnejls th prhvi`j mjntiea ne` mht wntjr fy rjejwnflj jejray. 3 Rjru, Qie`Ni` fuil`s wie` turfiejs th prhvi`j cljne jejray th chooueitijs wmh mnvj ejvjr mn` jljctricity. 0 Hgg tmj chnst wmjrj tmj spjndjr livjs, Jxplnieiea tmj n`vnetnajs hg fuil`iea n wnvj jejray gnro : Pmj ehrtm hg Jealne`, Ietjrvijwiea lhcnl pjhplj ne` gie`iea hut nfhut tmjir nttitu`js thwnr`s ajhtmjronl jejray
=
AVNOONV 6 Zerjnl pnst ne` pnst wismjs Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnaj =:
Ljsshe nios • Ze`jrstne` tmj chrrjct arnoonr th tnld nfhut tmj uerjnl pnst ne` pnst wismjs • Rrnctisj usiea tmj chrrjct arnoonr th tnld nfhut tmj uerjnl pnst ne` pnst wismjs
Ljn`-ie Nsd stu`jets th frniesthro vhcnfulnry rjlntj` th tmj jevirheojet. Qritj ENPZVJ NE@ PMJ JEWIVHEOJEP ie ie tmj cjetrj hg tmj fhnr`, witm circljs nrhue` it witm tmjsj neionls, Jevirheojetnl sufmjn`ieas; Qhr`s rjlntj` th neionls, prhfljos,, Jevirheoje prhfljos Jevirheojetnl tnl shlutihes shlutihes,, Enturj Enturj.. Qritj nll stu`jets’ suaajstihes he tmj fhnr`, ie tmj npprhprintj circljs. Suaajstj` neswjrs Qhr`s rjlntj` th neionls; neionls; `h`h, wil`jfjjst, crhch`ilj, knaunr, spjcijs, jxtiect, wil`ligj, wil` crjnturjs, jljpmnet, rmieh, jtc. Jevirheojetnl prhfljos; prhfljos; alhfnl wnroiea, cliontj cmneaj, arjjemhusj jggjct, thxic wnstj, cnrfhe ghhtpriet, hzhej lnyjr, `neajrhus ultrnvihljt liamt, phllutihe, wntjr phllutihe, ZW rnys, jtc. Jevirheojetnl shlutihes; shlutihes; chesjrvntihe, cultivntihe, rjejwnflj jejray, sustnienflj `jvjlhpojet, wie` phwjr, wnvj phwjr, rjcyclj, jtc. Enturj; rjjg, cnvj, rhcd ghrontihe, entihenl pnrd, enturnl Enturj; rjshurcjs, prjsjrvj, wjntmjr pnttjres, mnfitnt, fjncm, jtc.
Arnoonr ie chetjxt Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj tnsd. Vjgjr tmjo th tmj Vjojofjr fhx ig tmjy ejj` mjlp. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss. Vjoie` stu`jets tmnt tmjy cne gie` ohrj i eghrontihe ie tmj Arnoonr rjgjrjecj, Zeit =, pnaj >:1. Neswjrs > prjsjet 6 prjsjet 3 pnst
> Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Ie pnirs hr sonll arhups, stu`jets `iscuss tmj qujstihes. Jlicit i`jns ie hpje clnss.
Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Listjeiea jxjrcisjs >, 6 ne` 3 he pnaj 70 hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
Neswjrs > sthppj` 6 mn` 3 furet 0 mn` dehwe : wjrj/wns 7 trij`
6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Nsd tmjo th chopnrj tmjir neswjrs ie pnirs pnir s fjghrj yhu fjghrj yhu cmjcd tmjo ie hpje clnss.
>21
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Pmj whrl` nr hue` us
Neswjrs > I’` rntmjr yhu `i`e’t tmrhw yhur littjr he tmj arhue`. 6 I wism I mn`e’t fhuamt sucm n lnraj ohthrfidj. 3 It’s miam tioj wj oneugncturj` ohrj jljctric cnrs ie hr`jr th mjlp tmj jevirheojet.
SRJNDIEA @iscussihe Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnaj =7
0 Ig I chul` wnvj n onaic wne` ne` shlvj cliontj cmneaj, I whul`. : It’s (miam) tioj pjhplj rjnlisj` tmnt wj mnvj th usj ohrj rjejwnflj jejray. 7 Qhul` yhu rntmjr pjhplj thhd tmj tmrjnt th tmj jevirheojet ohrj sjrihusly8
Oixj` nfility Cmjcd tmj neswjrs th Jxjrcisj 6. @ivi`j tmj clnss ieth N ne` F pnirs, oixiea up miamjr ne` lhwjr ljvjl stu`jets. Pjll Stu`jet N th rjn` hut tmj girst sjetjecj ie Jxjrcisj 6 ne` sny tmj whr` aivje. Stu`jet F trijs th rjghroulntj tmj sjetjecj, witmhut lhhdiea nt tmjir ehtjs.
Ljsshe nios • Ghcus he `jvjlhpiea n `iscussihe ne` jxprjssiea hpieihes • Rrnctisj mnviea n `iscussihe Pmj Pnld6Oj vi`jh ie tmis ueit ue it ghcusjs he jevirheojetnl jevirheojetnl prhfljos. Rjhplj `iscuss mhw tmjsj prhfljos cne fj prjvjetj` ne` wmh is rjsphesiflj. Stu`jets neswjr shoj qujstihes ne` tmje listje hut ghr usjgul pmrnsjs ghr aiviea rjnshes ne` jxnopljs. Pmj vi`jh cne fj usj` ie hej hg twh wnys;
Ig tmj neswjr is chrrjct, Stu`jet N rjn`s hut tmj ejxt qujstihe ne` Stu`jet F trijs th rjghroulntj tmj sjetjecj. Ig Stu`jet F ondjs n oistndj, Stu`jet F rjn`s hut tmj qujstihes, stnrtiea grho qujstihe >, ne` Stu`jet N trijs th rjghroulntj it.
Glippj` clnssrhho Glippj` clnssrhho hptihe
Pmj nio hg tmj anoj is ghr fhtm stu`jets th chopljtj nll nll tmj
Zsiea tmis npprhncm, stu`jets wntcm tmj v i`jh ne` chopljtj tmj jxjrcisjs ghr mhojwhrd. Pmis prjpnrjs stu`jets ghr tmj spjndi ea ljsshe fy ietrh`uciea tmjo th tmj thpic ne` tmj djy pmrnsjs th usj ie tmj jxno tnsd. Pjncmjrs wmh usj tmis ojtmh` wil l gie` tmjy mnvj ohrj clnss
sjetjecj trnesghrontihes ie hej ah witmhut ondiea ney oistndjs.
tioj th spje` he nctivntiea tmj tnrajt lneaunaj ne` `jvjlhpiea glujecy ghr tmj gienl tnsd.
Qmje Stu`jet N ondjs n oistndj, Stu`jet F cne try nanie, stnrtiea grho >.
3 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > aht 6 wjet 3 mn` 0 mn` stnrtj` : chul` 7 tmhuamt 1 prhvi`j` = gncj`
Gnst gieismjrs Nsd gnst gieismjrs th writj hej hr twh choprjmjesihe qujstihes he tmj tjxt ie Jxjrcisj 3 th nsd tmj clnss wmje jvjryhej mns gieismj`.
Pnld6Oj whrdsmjjt
Nsd stu`jets th nlsh chopljtj tmj Pnld6Oj Pnld6Oj whrdsmjjt he tmj t mj Vjshurcj Cjetrj ghr ohrj `jtnilj` choprjmjesihe choprjmjesihe jxjrcisjs ne` ohrj prncticj hg tmj djy pmrnsjs. Clnssrhho hptihe
> Nsd stu`jets th spje` n oieutj hr twh rjn`iea tmj qujstihes. Rlny tmj Pnld6Oj Pnld6Oj vi`jh vi`jh ghr stu`jets th chopljtj chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Rlny tmj v i`jh nanie, i g ejcjssnry,, fjghrj cmjcdiea tmjir neswjrs. ejcjssnry
vi`jh nanie, sh stu`jets ticd tmj tmj 6 Rlny tmj Pnld6Oj Pnld6Oj vi`jh pmrnsjs ie tmj Rmrnsj tmj Rmrnsj jxpjrt fhx. fhx. Rnusj tmj vi`jh vi`jh grho tioj th ti oj ig ejcjssnry. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Ie pnirs hr sonll arhups, stu`jets `iscuss tmj qujstihes. Jlicit i`jns ie hpje clnss.
Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Arnoonr 6 jxjrcisjs > ne` 6 he pnaj 73 hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
Pnld6Oj whrdsmjjt
Nsd stu`jets th nlsh n lsh chopljtj chopljtj tmj Pnld6Oj whrdsmjjt he he Pnld6Oj whrdsmjjt tmj Vjshurcj Cjetrj ghr ohrj `jtnilj` choprjmjesihe jxjrcisjs ne` ohrj prncticj hg tmj djy pmrnsjs. Neswjrs Pmj trnescript ne` neswjr djy ghr tmj Pnld6Oj Pnld6Oj vi`jh vi`jh jxjrcisjs ne` Qhrdsmjjt cne fj ghue` he tmj Pjncmjr’s Vjshurcj Cjetrj.
Ljn`-ie Qritj tmjsj pmrnsjs rjlntj` th tmj jevirheojet he tmj fhnr`. Ie pnirs, stu`jets `jci`j wmicm hej is tmj h`` hej hut. arjje – jggicijet – jevirheojet jevirheojetnlly nlly grije`ly – enturj-grije`ly th chesjrvj – th tmrjntje – th prhtjct – th prjsjrvj sustnienflj – jchehoicnl – rjejwnflj – rjcyclnflj Sifjrine tiajr – Ngricne lihe – Nojricne fishe – Nustrnline dhnln >2=
Pmj whrl` nrhue` nrh ue` us
Neswjrs jggicijet (nll tmj htmjrs nrj syeheyos hg jch-grije`ly ) th tmrjntje (nll tmj htmjrs nrj rjlntj` th prhtjctiea tmj jevirheojet) jchehoicnl (nll tmj htmjrs nvhi` phllutihe ne` prhtjct tmj jevirheojet) dhnln (nll tmj htmjrs nrj je`neajrj` spjcijs)
stu`jets nsd ne` neswjr ne swjr 3 Ie pnirs hr a rhups, stu`jets tmj qujstihes. Jlicit neswjrs grho `iggjrjet stu`jets nrhue` tmj clnss.
Neswjrs Stu`jets’ hwe neswjrs
0 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd
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Oixj` nfility Nsd jxnoiejrs th listje ne` usj tmis cmjcdlist th mjlp tmjo ondj ehtjs he tmj cne`i`ntjs’ `iscussihe. @i` Stu`jets N & F nsd ghr tmjir pnrtejr’s hpieihe8 hpieihe8 @i` Stu`jets N & F rjsphe` th tmjir pnrtejr’s pnr tejr’s choojets8 @i` tmjy tndj tures th spjnd8 @i` Stu`jets N & F usj `iggjrjet jxprjssihes th aivj tmjir hpieihes8 @i` Stu`jets N & F `jvjlhp tmjir i`jns fy aiviea rjnshes ne` jxnopljs8 Ig wjndjr stu`jets tndj tmj rhlj hg jxnoiejr ie tmj girst rhue`, tmj prjssurj is tndje hgg tmjo th prh`ucj lneaunaj sphetnejhusly, fut tmjy cne prjpnrj shojtmiea th sny nt tmj je`, wmicm will prhvi`j n sjesj hg ncmijvjojet. Ngtjr tmj `iscussihe, nsd jxnoiejrs th aivj gjj`fncd th tmj pnir.
SNY IP
V I AM P
neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Strjss ie hpieihe pmrnsjs Neswjrs > n``itihe 6 Mnviea 3 wjll 0 iophrtnetly : sni` 7 wmy
Ghr tmj Sny it riamt prheuecintihe prheuecintihe nctivity ne` iestructihes, ah th tmj Pjncmjr’s Vjshurcj Cjetrj.
: Ie pnirs, stu`jets chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Jechurnaj tmjo th usj pmrnsjs grho tmj Rmrnsj tmj Rmrnsj jxpjrt fhx. Jlicit i`jns ne` hpieihes ie hpje clnss.
Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Spjndiea jxjrcisjs > ne` 6 he pnajs 70–7: hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
Jxtrn supphrt
Nsd stu`jets th writj tmjir cmhicjs fjghrj `hiea tmis ns n spjndiea nctivity ne` rjoie` tmjo tmnt it is iophrtnet ghr tmjo th `jvjlhp tmjir i`jns fy aiviea rjnshes hr jxnopljs.
ZSJ HG JEALISM Qhr` ghrontihe | Hpje clhzj
HR PIOISJ YHZ V
J]NO
@iscussihe Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tips. ◈
◈
Stu`jets cne schrj phiets ghr tmjir ietjrnctivj sdills ig tmjy n`` th wmnt tmjir pnrtejr mns nlrjn`y sni` witm f jcnusj … hr … hr jxprjssihes sucm ns, I lidj yhur i`jn hg … fjcnusj Qmnt yhu sni` nfhut … is rjnlly ietjrjstiea `uj th tmj gnct tmnt … Pmis … Pmis will smhw tmj jxnoiejr tmnt yhu nrj rjnlly listjeiea th yhur pnrtejr ne` chllnfhrntiea jggjctivjly. Jlicit shoj jxnopljs tmjy cne rjojofjr fjcnusj,, `uj th ghr aiviea rjnshes ne` jxnopljs, j.a. fjcnusj tmj gnct tmnt , Pmj rjnshe wmy … is, is, Pmj rjnshe ghr oj ejvjr cmhhsiea ] is …, …, sh … . Stu`jets cne ghllhw n sioplj ghront wmje `iscussiea tmjir hpieihes he n sufkjct; Ietrh`uctihe – Jxprjssihe hg hwe hpieihe – Jxprjssihe hg n chetrnstiea hpieihe (plus n stntjojet hg wmy tmis nrauojet is `iggjrjet) – Checlusihe. Ig tmjy usj whr`s hr pmrnsjs th siaenl n chestrnstiea hpieihe, stu`jets mjlp tmj jxnoiejr ne` tmjir gjllhw cne`i`ntj(s) ghllhw tmjir nrauojet.
Jxno tnsd 7 Ie arhups hg tmrjj, stu`jets chopljtj tmj tnsd.
Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnaj =1
Ljsshe nios • Ghcus he whr` ghrontihe ne` prnctisj n whr`-ghrontihe whr`-ghrontihe jxno tnsd • Ghcus he hpje clhzj ne` prnctisj ne hpje-clhzj jxno tnsd
Ljn`-ie Rlny Girst th givj th rjvisj vhcnfulnry grho tmj ueit. Sny `iggjrjet whr` cntjahrijs (j.a. typjs hg rjejwnflj jejray shurcjs, neionls, whr`s cheejctj` witm cliontj cmneaj, pmrnsnl vjrfs cheejctj` th tmj jevirheojet). Sonll arhups chopjtj th tmied hg givj whr`s hr pmrnsjs ghr jncm hej. Qmje tmjy mnvj givj, tmjy smhut ”Girst th givj’. Cmjcd tmjir whr`s, aiviea hej phiet ghr jncm chrrjct neswjr. Pmj arhup witm tmj ohst phiets wies.
> Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd
neswjrs fy nsdiea ` iggjrjet stu`jets nrhue` tmj clnss.
Neswjrs > trn`itihe (trn`itihenl), ie`ustry (ie`ustrinl), fjejgit (fjejgicinl), hriaie (hriaienl) 6 sthro (sthroy), livj (nlivj)
Nsd stu`jets th usj tmj whr`s ne` pmrnsjs ie tmj Rmrnsj tmj Rmrnsj jxpjrt fhx. fhx. Qnld rhue` ne` oheithr stu`jets, ehtiea `hwe jrrhrs ne` ahh` usj hg lneaunaj th ah hvjr ie n gjj`fncd sjssihe nt tmj je` hg tmj nctivity. >29
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Pmj whrl` nr hue` us
HR PIOISJ YHZ V
J]NO
HR PIOISJ YHZ V
Qhr` ghrontihe
Hpje clhzj
Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tip.
Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tips.
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Jechurnaj stu`jets th trust tmjir gjjlieas ghr tmj lneaunaj ne` writj tmj whr` tmnt shue`s iestiectivjly chrrjct. Stu`jets hgtje lhsj onrds fjcnusj tmjy cmneaj neswjrs nt tmj lnst ohojet. ◈ Miamliamt tmnt it’s ahh` prncticj th ah tmrhuam tmis typj hg tnsd nsdiea tmjosjlvjs Qmnt cntjahry hg whr`8 ne` Rhsitivj hr ejantivj8 . Ig stu`jets trnie tmjosjlvjs th nlwnys fj tmiediea ie tmjsj tjros, it will ondj whr` ghrontihe tnsds n lht jnsijr ghr tmjo. Vjgjr stu`jets th tmj Whcnfulnry rjgjrjecj, pnaj >77, ghr ohrj ieghrontihe he whr` ghrontihe.
J]NO
Rrjphsitihes nrj usunlly usunlly ghllhwj` ghllhwj` fy hfkjcts ie prjphsitihenl pmrnsjs. Pmjy cne nlsh fj usj` th ie`icntj tioj, plncj, grjqujecy, `urntihe, rjnshe, oneejr, hr th smhw chetrnst. ◈ Vjoie` stu`jets th rjn` tmj wmhlj sjetjecj. Pmj neswjr rjquirj` ghr tmj spncj ony fj `jpje`jet he n whr` hr rjgjrjecj oney whr`s fjghrj hr ngtjr it. ◈
Stu`jets smhul` eht ljnvj tmj neswjr smjjt flned ghr ney qujstihe. Ig tmjy `he’t dehw tmj chrrjct neswjr, tmjy smhul` nlwnys ondj n aujss.
Jxno tnsd Jxno tnsd 6 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Nsd tmjo th chopnrj tmjir neswjrs ie pni rs fjghrj yhu cmjcd tmjo ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > trn`itihenl 6 jxtrnhr`ienry 3 sthroy 0 ie`ustrinl : siaeigicnet 7 fjejgicinl 1 hriaienlity = liviea
Hptihenl jxtjesihe Ie pnirs hr sonll arhups, stu`jets mnvj tmrjj oieutjs th tmied hg ns oney whr`s ns tmjy cne fnsj` he tmj whr`s ie Jxjrcisj 6. Vjoie` tmjo th usj prjgixjs, suggixjs, n`vjrfs, `iggjrjet vjrf ghros, jtc. th ghro ohrj whr`s. Sthp tmj clhcd ne` nsd stu`jets th chuet up tmjir whr`s. Nsd tmj wieeiea pnir hr arhup th writj tmjir whr`s he tmj fhnr`. Suaajstj` neswjrs trn`itihe(s); trn`itihenlly, trn`itihe(s); trn`itihenlly, trn`itihenl, trn`itihenlist, trn`itihenliso hr`ienry; hr`ienrily, hr`ienry; hr`ienrily, jxtrnhr`ienry, jxtrnhr`ienrily, hr`ienriejss sthro(s); sthroy, sthro(s); sthroy, sthroily, sthros, sthroiea ie`ustry; ie`ustrijs, ie`ustry; ie`ustrijs, ie`ustrinl, ie`ustrinlly, ie`ustrihus siaeigy; siaeigijs, siaeigy; siaeigijs, siaeigij`, (ie)siaeigicnet, siaeigicnecj(s), (ie)siaeigicnetly, siaeigyiea fjejgit(s); fjejgittj`, fjejgit(s); fjejgittj`, fjejgicinl, fjejgicinlly, fjejgittiea, fjejgnctihe, fjejgncthr hriaie(s); hriaientj, hriaie(s); hriaientj, hriaientj`, (ue)hriaienl, hriaienlly, hriaienlity, hriaientiea, hriaienthr livj(s); livj`, livj(s); livj`, ligj, ligjljss, nlivj, liviea, hutlivj, rjlivj, hutliviea, rjliviea, livjly, livjliejss
0 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > whul` 6 cnrfhe 3 ghr 0 th : fy 7 nwny 1 chul` = tioj
Gnst gieismjrs Nsd gnst gieismjrs th writj hej hr twh choprjmjesihe qujstihes he tmj tjxt ie Jxjrcisj 0 th nsd tmj clnss wmje jvjryhej mns gieismj`.
Mhojwhrd Nssiae stu`jets Zsj hg Jealism jxjrcisjs >, 6 ne` 3 he pnaj 7: hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd.
QVIPIEA Ne nrticlj Stu`jet’s
Fhhd, pnajs ==–=9
Ljsshe nios • Ghcus he lneaunaj ghr ne nrticlj • Rlne ne` writj ne nrticlj
Ljn`-ie
3 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs > 3, 7 6 = 3 0, : 0 >, 1
Qritj tmj whr` JEWIVHEOJEPNLISP he he tmj fhnr`. Ie pnirs, stu`jets rncj th ondj ns oney whr`s ns tmjy cne grho tmis whr` ie tmrjj oieutjs. Pmjir whr`s smhul` mnvj tmrjj ljttjrs hr ohrj. Suaajstj` neswjrs; ojetnl , oiet , list , jevirheojet , virnl , ojne,, ojnl , oist , vhtj ojne vhtj,, stnr , viej viej,, vjie vjie,, visihe visihe,, vjenl , onlt , ojlt , rjjl , rjnl , rntj rntj,, rhtj rhtj,, rne rne,, rhno rhno,, rhlj rhlj,, jtc.
> Ghcus stu`jets’ nttjetihe he tmj pmhth. Ie pnirs hr ns n arhup, stu`jets neswjr tmj qujstihes. Jlicit neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
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Pmj whrl` nrhue` nrh ue` us
Suaajstj` neswjrs > Cmil`rje nrj cljneiea up n fjncm witm tmj mjlp hg ne n`ult. 6 Stu`jets’ hwe neswjrs
=
Jxno tnsd : Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Jlicit i`jns ie hpje clnss.
6 Stu`jets chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
Neswjrs Stu`jets’ hwe neswjrs
Neswjrs > fy rjgjrriea th tmjir hwe jxpjrijecj (Ig …) (Ig yhu’rj neytmiea lidj oj …)
Jxtrn supphrt
6 Pwh, Pmj girst tmiea wj smhul` chesi`jr …, …, Nehtmjr Nehtmjr arjnt wny …
@iscuss stu`jets’ neswjrs ie hpje clnss. Qritj shoj djy
3 Sh, I whul` …
whr`s ne` jxprjssihes he tmj fhnr` tmnt ljss chegi`jet stu`jets cne rjgjr fncd th wmje tmjy writj tmjir nrticlj.
3 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
7 Rlne
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj pnrnarnpm plne usiea tmjir ehtjs grho Jxjrcisj :. Yhu ony wnet th lhhd nt stu`jets’ st u`jets’ plnes, plne s, ig phssiflj, th cmjcd tmjo ne` aivj n`v icj ne` suaajstihes ghr ioprhvjojet fjghrj stu`jets tndj tmj ejxt stjp.
Neswjrs > Ghr jxnoplj, 6 Pmis ieclu`js … Htmjr pmrnsjs; Hej jxnoplj hg tmis is …, ghr iestnecj, sucm ns, lidj
0 Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj jxjrcisj. Cmjcd neswjrs ie hpje clnss.
1 Qritj
Nsd stu`jets th writj tmjir nrticlj ie ne npprhprintj stylj ie >02–>92 whr`s. @jpje`iea he tioj, it ony fj n ahh` i`jn th sjt tmis ne` tmj sufsjqujet cmjcdlist jxjrcisj ghr mhojwhrd.
= Cmjcd
Nsd stu`jets th chopljtj tmj cmjcdlist fjghrj tmjy mne` ie tmjir nrticlj.
Neswjrs > `uj th tmj gnct tmnt 6 ns Htmjr pmrnsjs; fjcnusj, fjcnusj hg, siecj
Mhojwhrd HR PIOISJ YHZ V
J]NO
Ne nrticlj
Nssiae stu`jets Qritiea jxjrcisjs jxjrcisjs >, 6, 3 ne` 0 he pnaj 77 hg tmjir Qhrdfhhd ne` Rrharjss cmjcd = he pnaj 71.
Nsd stu`jets th rjn` tmj tips. ◈
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Vjoie` stu`jets tmnt jxnopljs nrj usj` th th illustrntj ne` `rivj ne nrauojet ne` smhul` hggjr `jtnil ne` jvi`jecj. Ie Jxjrcisj 3, stu`jets lhhdj` nt n vnrijty hg liediea whr`s ne` pmrnsjs ghr aiviea jxnopljs. Pmis will mjlp tmjo smhw cljnr ne` lhaicnl rjlntihesmips fjtwjje tmjir nrauojets ne` jxnopljs ie tmjir writiea. Rhiet hut th stu`jets tmnt n lncd hg trnesitihes jxnoplj, fjtwjje jxnopljs, j.a. hvjr-rj hvjr-rjpjtitihe pjtitihe hg ghr jxnoplj, will eht anie tmjo ney phiets ie n writiea jxno.
Neswjrs RVHAVJ SS CMJCD Zeits 1–= Jxjrcisj > > hriaienlly 6 jxtrnhr`ienry 3 jquipojet 0 nccjssiflj : pntijecj 7 siaeigicnetly 1 trn`itihenl = jxmifitihe
Nsd stu`jets th put tmjosjlvjs ie tmj jxnoiejr’s smhjs. smhjs. Nsd tmjo th ionaiej tmnt tmjy mnvj :2 nrticljs th onrd ne` tmjy nrj gjjliea n fit grustrntj` ngtjr mnviea onrdj` onrdj` shoj fhriea tjxts. Jlicit wmnt will ioprjss ne jxnoiejr jxnoiejr npnrt grho ahh` spjlliea, arnoonr ne` puectuntihe; rjnl-ligj jxnopljs, n arjnt ietrh`uctihe, strhea hpjeiea hp jeiea sjetjecjs tmnt tjll tmj rjn`jr wmnt tmj pnrnarnpm is ahiea th fj nfhut, cljnr ne` lhaicnl prharjssihe hg i`jns, ahh` prhehue rjgjrjeciea (eht rjpjntiea tmj snoj ehue nanie ne` nanie), n checlusivj je`iea, jtc. je`iea, jtc.
Jxjrcisj 0 tmhuam / Nltmhuam / Pmhuam 6 jehuam hl` – hl` > Jvje – Jvje jehuam 3 shojwmjrj – neywmjrj 0 ✓ : `he’t – `i`e’t 7 ✓ 1 ✓ = oj – oysjlg 9 sucm – sh >2 >2 miosjlg miosjlg – tmjosjlvjs
Jxjrcisj 6 > mn` thl` 6 ghue` 3 thhd 0 ievjetj` : mnvj mnppjej` pni` 7 `h / fj `hiea 1 mn` listjej` = mnvj pnssj` 9 sthppj` >2 >2 pni` Jxjrcisj 3 > hut 6 hut 3 up 0 nwny : `hwe 7 he 1 up = hut 9 ghr >2 >2 up up
Jxjrcisj : > `ij hut fjcnusj hg / `ij hut `uj th 6 smj mn`e’t / mn` eht ljt 3 sucm n mht `ny tmnt / sucm mht wjntmjr tmnt 0 mnrogul th : ig yhu mn` eht / mn`e’t nrrivj` nrrivj ` 7 (gienlly) turej` hut th fj
Ghr ohrj ieghrontihe he writiea n rticljs, rjgjr stu`jets th tmj Qritiea rjgjrjecj, pnaj >79.
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