B014A - Estructura de Madera para Cubiertas

 

D[]ZTK]TZG MD EGMDZG PGZG KTJBDZ]G[ PZNKD[N - J07=-G

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NJOD]BQN? 

Prdsdftgr hns eâtnmns md dfsgejhgod y knhnkgkbûf md hns dhdedftns qud knfstbtuydf ufg dstrukturg md egmdrg md gkudrmn g kçhkuhns prdvbns.

GHKGFKD?   Dstd prnkdmbebdftn sdrç gphbkgmn pgrg qubdfds bftdrvbdfdf y tnmn hn qud dstç rdhgkbnfgmn knf dh ebsen. [nf rdspnfsgjhds (pdrsnfgh)?  dh mbsd÷gmnr, dh kghkuhbstg, dh egdstrn dfkgrigmn, hns gregmnrds y dh bftdrvdftnr. ‘Md mnfmd g mnfmd―?  ufg vdz abfghbzgmn dh prnkdsn md hdvgftgebdftn md hns eurns -df jhnquds md knfkrdtn- qud snpnrtgf hg dstrukturg md hg kujbdrtg, sd prnkdmd gh dfsgejhgod md hg ebseg pgrg  pnstdrbnredftd  pnstdrbnred ftd mbspnfdr dh sb sbstdeg stdeg md kujbdr kujbdrtg tg df tdog md jgrrn.

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MDABFBKBNFD[? 

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Ghagrmgs?  pbdzgs md egmdrg ujbkgmgs df sdftbmn md hg pdfmbdftd y mnfmd sd khgvg hg tgjhbhhg, df

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sdftbmn pdrpdfmbkuhgr g dstgs. Kgriudrgs? vbig md egmdrg tgejbâf knfnkbmg knen vbig sbephd, qud aufkbnfg dhdedftn md aufkbûf dstrukturgh qud snstbdfd hgs kgrigs qud hg kujbdrtg tdfmrç. Kdrklg?  dstrukturg dstrukturg n gregmurg md kujbdrtg knfstbtubmn pnr mbginfghds, qud sbrvd md jgsd pgrg hg knfstrukkbûf md grkns, jûvdmgs y ntrgs dstrukturgs. Knftrgklgpgmn?  agjrbkgmn df eÿhtbphds kgpgs abfgs md egmdrg pdigmgs md enmn qud, sus abjrgs qudmdf dftrdkruzgmgs. Knrrdgs?   ds uf dhdedftn md egmdrg md irgf hnfibtum, df anreg md hbstûf, qud anreg pgrtd md hg sujdstrukturg pnrtgftd md ufg kujbdrtg md egmdrg. Abogmgs snjrd hgs ghagrmgs y df sdftbmn pgrghdhn g hg tgjhbhhg. Hbeglnyg? nfmuhgkbûf qud anregf mns vdrtbdftds md giug mnfmd sd dfkudftrgf. Hbegtdsg?   håfdg håfdg md bftdrs bftdrsdk dkkbû kbûf f md mns vdrtbdft vdrtbdftds ds mdh tdogm tdogmn n qud sdpgr sdpgrgf gf hgs giugs md hhuvbg hhuvbg,, mbrbibâfmnhg lgkbg ufg y ntrg md gejgs pdfmbdftds. Znhhbzg? [nhdrg n snjrdeurn?  egtdrbgh abjrnsn (egmdrg) qud sbrvd knen trgfsbkbûf dftrd hg dstrukturg y dh

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eurn md snpnrtd, pgrg knrtgr hg dftrgmg md gbrd. Qbig gregmg (md gegrrd)? vbig md knfkrdtn rdanrzgmg knf gkdrn pgrg usn dstrukturgh.

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EGZKN HDIGH?

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"Egfugh md Mbsd÷n pgrg Egmdrgs mdh Irupn Gfmbfn" md hg Ouftg mdh Gkudrmn md Kgrtgidfg.  F[Z-70, ]åtuhn ]åtuhn I? "Dstrukturgs "Dstrukturgs md egmdrg egmdrg y dstruktur dstrukturgs gs md iugmug". Durnk Durnkûmb ûmbin in 4? ‘Prnyd ‘Prnydktn ktn md dstruk dstruktur turgs gs md egmdrg egmdrg,, pgrtd pgrtd 7-:? 7-:? rd rdihg ihgss idfdrg idfdrghds hds prnydk prnydktn tn md dstrukturgs snedtbmgs gh audin―.

KNFMBKBNFD[ IDFDZGHD[? 1. 1.7. 7. Egt gtdr drbg bghhds y ssu ue egf gfbbpu puhhgkb gkbûf? ûf?  Hg egmdrg g dephdgr mdjdrç dstgr sdkg, hbepbg, jbdf puhbmg y prntdibmg knftrg bfsdktns n dhdedftns mg÷bfns mg÷b fns qud pudmg pudmgf f egfklgrhg egfklgrhg,, md gkudrmn knf hgs rdknedf rdknedfmgkbn mgkbnfds fds mdh "Egf "Egfugh ugh md Mbsd÷n Mbsd÷n pgrg Egmdrgs mdh Irupn Gfmbfn" md hg ouftg mdh Gkudrmn md Kgrtgidfg.

 

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[d mdjdf gtdfmdr hgs fnregs mdh ]åtuhn I md hg F[Z-70 (Fnreg Knhnejbgfg [bsen Zdsbstdftd) pgrg igrgftbzgr uf knepnrtgebdftn ûptben md hgs dstrukturgs md kujbdrtg ardftd g hgs kgrigs dvdftughds  prnmukbmgs pnr envbebdftns envbebdftns mdh tdrrdfn. Egmdrg gsdrrgmg md? gjgrkn, gkdbtd, iugygkçf, kgfdhn, dukghbptn, kdmrn, kbprâs, egfihd, iugmug, dtk. Hçebfgs md egmdrg knftrgklgpgmg, gihnedrgmg, dtk. Bfeufbzgftds, rdtgrmgmnrds rdtgrmgmnrds mdh audin.  Fbvdhds, dskugmrgs, phnegmg, lbhns, edtrn, hbdfzg, ldrrgebdftgs md kgrpbftdråg, dqubpns md trgfspnrtd vdrtbkgh y lnrbznftgh, dskghdrgs, gfmgebns, dtk. Khgvns, pdrfns, phgtbfgs, grgfmdhgs y mbskns md gigrrd. 1.:.

]rgfspnrtd? md egtdrbgh g hg njrg, g kgrin md agjrbkgftd sdhdkkbnfgmn md egmdrg. Df njrg, md anreg vdrtbkgh sd trgfspnrtg g trgvâs md dskghdrg y md anreg lnrbznftgh g trgvâs md hns gregmnrds (knf hg prntdkkbûf knrrdspnfmbdftd (rdadrbrsd df sdiurbmgm bfmustrbgh), gphbkg pgrg tnmns hns dhdedftns qud rdqubdrgf md trgfspnrtd.

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[btbn md md gh ghegkdfgebdftn?  Dh ghegkdfgebdftn md hg egmdrg sd mdjd mgr prdadrbjhdedftd df uf huigr jgon kujbdrtg y jbdf vdftbhgmn. Df kgsn md dfknftrgrsd df dh dxtdrbnr mdjd dstgr   prntdibmn knf phçstbkns, tgejbâf usgmn jgon kujbdrtg pgrg dvbtgr dh pnhvn. Gmdeçs, hg knhnkgkbûf md hgs ufbmgmds md egmdrg lg md sdr prdadrbjhdedftd df lnrbznftgh snjrd uf sdpgrgmnr qud dvbtd dh knftgktn mbrdktn knf dh sudhn n supdrabkbd pgrg dvbtgr luedmgmds. Dh ghegkdfgebdftn md ufbmgmds dstç suodtn g hg mbedfsbnfghbmgm rdqudrbmg, md trgtgrsd md uf  prnydktn md jgog dskghg dh enft enftgod god pudmd lgkdr lgkdrsd sd bfedmbgtgedft bfedmbgtgedftdd mdspuâs md su tr trgfspnrtd gfspnrtd g njrg.

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]rgjgons rdhgkbnfgmns? bepdredgjbhbzgkbûf md kujbdrtgs bfkhbfgmgs (J07=-J).

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Zdibstrn md kghbmgm? snhn pgrg suebfbstrn md egmdrg.

1.1. Prnlbjbkbnfds?  Df dh gpbhgmn md ufbmgmds fn sd mdjd supdrgr hg kgftbmgm md pdsn qud pudmd snpnrtgr dfkbeg. Dvbtgr murgftd dh enftgod qud hgs pbdzgs sdgf snedtbmgs g dsaudrzns mbstbftns g hns qud sd lgjågf  prdvbstn df hg hg agsd md mbsd÷n. Kgriud y mdskgriud md ufbmgmds knf suen kubmgmn pgrg dvbtgr bepdradkkbnfds vbsughds. Df kgsn md lgjdrsd enogmn ufg pbdzg md egmdrg mdjd sdr sdkgmg (md anreg fgturgh gh gbrd n grtbabkbgh  jgon knfmbkbnfds knfmbkbnfds knftrnhgmgs) gft gftds ds md knftbfugr. Gjrbr hns pgqudtds df hns qud sd dfkudftrgf hgs pbdzgs md egmdrg knf gftdhgkbûf, pgrg qud sd pudmgf gmgptgr g hgs knfmbkbnfds gejbdftghds g hgs qud vg g dstgr dxpudstn.

KNF]DFBMN 9.7. [dkudfkbg md md gk gktbvbmgmds? Pgsn 7? ]dfdr dh rdibstrn md knftrnh md rdkbjn y knftrnh md dftrdig md kgmg ufg md hgs pgrtds df egmdrg mdh knepnfdftd. Pgsn :? [d prnkdmd gh dfsgejhgod md hgs kdrklgs n md hgs vbigs gregmgs rdqudrbmgs, kugfmn sd prdvâ su dodkukbûf df hg njrg, n g su trgfspnrtd mdsmd dh tghhdr n ghegkdfgebdftn. Pgsn ;? [d knhnkgf hgs snhdrgs n snjrdeurns, mdjbmgedftd gfkhgmgs knf pdrfns g hgs vbigs md gegrrd supdrbnr (Abiurg 7).

 

 Abiurg 7 

Pgsn =? [d bzgf y knhnkgf df su huigr hgs kdrklgs n vbigs, sd gphgfgf, sd fbvdhgf y sd gsdiurgf  prnvbsbnfgh n mdabfbtbvgedft mdabfbtbvgedftdd df tgh anreg qud fn suargf mdsp mdsphgzgebdftns hgzgebdftns pnstdrbnrds pnstdrbnrds (Abiu (Abiurg rg :).

 Abiurg : 

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Pgsn 4? [d knhnkgf hgs knrrdgs n vbigs kgriudrgs, hgs hbeglnygs y hbegtdsgs, knf gyumg md lbhns y fbvdhds. Dstgs sd gpnygf snjrd hgmrbhhns egkbzgmns (rdhhdfns y egkbzns) md eurns kgriudrns n vbigs y sd gsdiurgf mdjbmgedftd (Abiurg 7). Pgsn 1? Hudin sd knhnkgf hgs ghagrmgs qud vgf df mbrdkkbûf md hg pdfmbdftd, mbstgfkbgmgs sdiÿf hn  prdvbstn df hns hns mbsd÷ns grqubtdktûfbkns grqubtdktûfbkns y dstr dstrukturghds ukturghds (Ab (Abiurg iurg ;).

 

 Abiurg ; 

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Pgsn 9? Abfghedftd sd knhnkg hg tgjhbhhg, prdvbstg pgrg rdkbjbr hg bepdredgjbhbzgkbûf y hg kujbdrtg, bfbkbgfmn su knhnkgkbûf mdsmd dh fbvdh bfadrbnr. Hgs tgjhbhhgs sd khgvgf g kdftrn md hg ghagrmg y ghtdrfgfmn hns depgtds. Pgsn